bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presentation and outcomes of mucosal melanoma in 695 patients
Authors: Konuthula Neeraja , Khan Mohemmed N. , Parasher Arjun , Del Signore Anthony , Genden Eric M. , Govindaraj Satish , Iloreta Alfred M. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundMost data on sinonasal mucosal melanoma come from small institutional studies, and therefore optimal treatment methods are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between treatment and survival in sinonasal mucosal melanoma.MethodsSix hundred ninety–five patients diagnosed with sinonasal mucosal melanoma between 2004 and 2010 were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. Treatment modalities and overall survival rates were determined.ResultsThe 5–year overall survival was 21.7%, with a mean survival of 38.4 ± 1.7 months. The majority of patients were treated with surgery alone (31.5%) or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (41.4%). There was no statistical difference between survival with surgery alone and surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy (25.1% vs 25.1%, p = 0.93). Between the surgery and surgery–with–adjuvant–therapy groups, there was no difference in the number of patients with positive margins (p = 0.54), regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis (p = 0.55), morbidity scores (p = 0.58), insurance status (p = 0.13), age > 60 years (p = 0.24), or treatment at academic centers (p = 0.12).ConclusionsBased on this large review of patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma, adjuvant radiation therapy may not provide a survival benefit as patients tended to do poorly regardless of adjuvant radiation status.
Gold‐katalysierte Synthese von Chinolinen aus Propargylsilylethern und Anthranilen über die Umpolung eines Goldcarben‐Kohlenstoffatoms
Authors: Jin Hongming , Tian Bin , Song Xinlong , Xie Jin , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDie Gold‐katalysierte Kaskaden‐Anellierung propargylischer Silylether mit Anthranilen verläuft sequenziell über eine Ringöffnung/1,2‐H‐Verschiebung/Protodesaurierung/Mukaiyama‐Aldol‐Cyclisierung. Dieses Protokoll bietet einen regiospezifischen und modularen Zugang zu 2‐Aminochinolinen und anderen Chinolinderivaten unter milden Bedingungen bei guter Kompatibilität mit funktionellen Gruppen. Die Reaktionen gelingen im Gramm‐Maßstab, was den präparativen Nutzen der Methode unterstreicht. Die Vielseitigkeit der erhaltenen Molekülgerüste wurde anhand nützlicher Folgereaktionen demonstriert.
3,6‐Dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐Based Multipurpose Energetic Materials through Versatile N‐Functionalization Strategies
Authors: Yin Ping , Zhang Jiaheng , Mitchell Lauren A. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA family of 3,6‐dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐based energetic compounds was synthesized by using versatile N‐functionalization strategies. Subsequently, nine ionic derivatives of the N,N′‐(3,6‐dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐1,4‐diyl)dinitramidate anion were prepared by acid‐base reactions and fully characterized by infrared, multinuclear NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The structures of four of these compounds were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Based on their different physical and detonation properties, these compounds exhibit promising potential as modern energetic materials and can be variously classified as green primary explosives, high‐performance secondary explosives, fuel‐rich propellants, and propellant oxidizers.
Poly(ionic liquid)‐Mediated Morphogenesis of Bismuth Sulfide with a Tunable Band Gap and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Gao Min‐Rui , Yu Shu‐Hong , Yuan Jiayin , Zhang Weiyi , Antonietti Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractConventional polymer additives have a substantial impact on synthetic inorganic chemistry, but critical shortcomings remain; for example, low solubility in organic solvents and potential thermodynamic aggregates. Poly(ionic liquid)s have now been used as efficient additives that enable a high level control of bismuth sulfide crystals with significant size and morphological diversities. The bismuth sulfides exhibit tunable band structure as a result of the quantum size effects. Moreover, poly(ionic liquid)s are able to couple with as‐synthesized bismuth sulfides chemically and endow a modified surface electronic structure, which allows resultant products to possess outstanding electrocatalytic performance for water oxidation, although its commercial counterpart is catalytically inert.
Cycloaddition of P−C Single Bonds: Stereoselective Formation of Benzo‐1,3,6,2‐trioxaphosphepine Complexes via a Ditopic van der Waals Complex
Authors: Malik Payal , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Schnakenburg Gregor , Streubel Rainer 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile phosphaalkenes and phosphanes are known to participate in [4+n] cycloaddition reactions, P−C single bonds are inert in this respect. Herein, reactions of oxaphosphirane complexes with tetrachloro‐ortho‐benzoquinone are presented that reveal a stereoselective reaction of the endocyclic P−C bond to afford benzo‐1,3,6,2‐trioxaphosphepine complexes. High‐level DFT calculations provide evidence that the final product is derived from a sequence of three consecutive steps involving a ditopic van der Waals complex.
An Ultrasensitive Cyclization‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Native HOBr in Live Cells and Zebrafish
Authors: Xu Kehua , Luan Dongrui , Wang Xiaoting , Hu Bo , Liu Xiaojun , Kong Fanpeng , Tang Bo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBromine has been reported recently as being the 28th essential element for human health. HOBr, which is generated in vivo from bromide, is a required factor in the formation of sulfilimine crosslinks in collagen IV. However, to date, no method for the specific detection of native HOBr in vivo has been reported. Herein, we develop a simple small molecular probe for imaging HOBr based on a specific cyclization catalyzed by HOBr. The probe can be easily synthesized in high yield through a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. The probe exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity at the picomole level, in addition to specificity for HOBr and real‐time response. Importantly, without Br− stimulation, this probe reports native HOBr levels in HepG2 cells. Thus, the probe is a promising new tool for imaging endogenous HOBr and may provide a means for finding new physiological functions of HOBr in living organisms.
Distributed Consensus of Multi‐Agent Networks Via Event‐Triggered Pinning Control
Authors: Liu Dan , Hu Aihua , Zhao Dan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper is concerned with distributed consensus between two multi‐agent networks with the same topology structure. Considering one network as the leaders' network and the other one as the followers' network, a new event‐triggered pinning control scheme is proposed to realize distributed consensus between these two networks. By utilizing the graph theory and Lyapunov functional method, consensus criteria are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, distributed consensus of multi‐agent networks with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics is also discussed. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Acardiac twin pregnancies part III: Model simulations
Authors: van Gemert Martin J.C. , Ross Michael G. , Nikkels Peter G.J. , Wijngaard Jeroen P.H.M. van den 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAcardiac monochorionic twins lack cardiac function but grow by passive perfusion of the pump twin's deoxygenated arterial blood through placental arterioarterial (AA) and venovenous (VV) anastomoses and by hypoxia‐mediated neovascularization. Pump twins therefore must continuously increase their cardiac output which may cause heart failure. Our aims were: to adapt our twin‐twin transfusion syndrome model for acardiac twin pregnancies, to simulate pump and acardiac twin development, and to examine the model for early prognostic markers of pump twin survival.MethodsWe used an infinite acardiac placental resistance, based on placental dye injection studies and simulations, suggesting the AA‐Acardiac‐VV series resistance determines the pump twin's excess cardiac output. Pump and acardiac development were expressed by the pump's excess cardiac output versus its normal value, represented by pump/acardiac umbilical venous diameter (UVD) ratios.ResultsUVD ratios distinguish between AA‐VV anastomoses that do and do not cause hydropic pump twins. Pump twins can handle relative larger acardiac perfusion at later than earlier gestation. Both VV and acardiac resistances are significantly smaller than the AA resistance, based on respectively clinical data and acardiac blood volumetric growth.ConclusionOur simulations support clinical results which show that UVD ratios aid in the prediction of pump twin risk. The AA anastomosis controls the future of both the pump and the acardiac. Correlation between acardiac size and pump twin risk is secondary to the AA size but remains clinically usable. These factors may aid in the development of methods for pump twin prognosis and the promotion of selective clinical interventions.Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:1008–1015, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective cohort study of laparoscopic and open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xiang L , Li J , Chen J , Wang X , Guo P , Fan Y , Zheng S 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
The safety and feasibility of laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a diameter of 5 cm or less is well recognized. The role of laparoscopy in treating large HCC (5–10 cm) remains controversial. This prospective cohort study was undertaken to assess the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic hepatectomy for large HCC and to compare this approach with open hepatectomy.

Methods
Patients with a solitary HCC (diameter 5–10 cm) who underwent open or laparoscopic hepatectomy were enrolled in a prospective observational study from January 2012 to April 2015. Perioperative and follow-up data were analysed.

Results
Some 128 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy and 207 had an open hepatectomy. One and two perioperative deaths were reported in the laparoscopic and open groups respectively. Laparoscopic hepatectomy was converted to an open procedure in 12 (9·4 per cent) of 128 patients. More patients in the laparoscopic group underwent an anatomical hepatectomy than in the open group (45·3 versus 21·7 per cent; P = 0·001). The postoperative complication rate was 20·3 per cent for the laparoscopic group versus 35·7 per cent for the open group (P = 0·003). Mean(s.d.) duration of hospital stay was 11·4(3·1) and 15·8(7·7) days respectively (P &lt; 0·001). One- and 3-year overall survival rates in the laparoscopic and open groups were 94·4 versus 93·6 per cent (P = 0·875), and 81·4 versus 82·2 per cent (P = 0·802), respectively. One- and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 89·4 versus 88·7 per cent (P = 0·825), and 67·3 versus 66·7 per cent (P = 0·902), respectively.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic hepatectomy is safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with large HCC.
Sleep duration and resting fMRI functional connectivity: examination of short sleepers with and without perceived daytime dysfunction
Authors: Curtis Brian J. , Williams Paula G. , Jones Christopher R. , Anderson Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 30% of the U.S. population reports recurrent short sleep; however, perceived sleep need varies widely among individuals. Some “habitual short sleepers” routinely sleep 4–6 hr/night without self‐reported adverse consequences. Identifying neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in perceived sleep‐related dysfunction has important implications for understanding associations between sleep duration and health.MethodThis study utilized data from 839 subjects of the Human Connectome Project to examine resting functional connectivity associations with self‐reported short sleep duration, as well as differences between short sleepers with versus without reported dysfunction. Functional connectivity was analyzed using a parcellation covering the cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar gray matter at 5 mm resolution.ResultsSelf‐reported sleep duration predicts one of the primary patterns of intersubject variance in resting functional connectivity. Compared to conventional sleepers, both short sleeper subtypes exhibited resting fMRI (R‐fMRI) signatures consistent with diminished wakefulness, potentially indicating inaccurate perception of functionality among those denying dysfunction. Short sleepers denying dysfunction exhibited increased connectivity between sensory cortices and bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting that efficient sleep‐related memory consolidation may partly explain individual differences in perceived daytime dysfunction.ConclusionsOverall, current findings indicate that R‐fMRI investigations should include assessment of average sleep duration during the prior month. Furthermore, short sleeper subtype findings provide a candidate neural mechanism underlying differences in perceived daytime impairment associated with short sleep duration.
Wiring of Photosystem I and Hydrogenase on an Electrode for Photoelectrochemical H2 Production by using Redox Polymers for Relatively Positive Onset Potential
Authors: Tapia Cristina , Milton Ross D. , Pankratova Galina , Minteer Shelley D. , Åkerlund Hans‐Erik , Leech Dónal , De Lacey Antonio L. , Pita Marcos , Gorton Lo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI) is combined with Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase for the bioelectrocatalytic photosynthesis of hydrogen at an electrode surface. The activity of these two biocatalysts is linked by two redox polymers; a redox polymer with a relatively positive potential (loaded with an Os complex) is able to reduce PSI and thus facilitates the production of photoexcited electrons, whereas redox polymers of relatively low potential are able to transfer electrons to the hydrogenase. Two negative‐potential redox polymers are tested, with either a viologen pendant (4‐methyl‐4′‐bromopropylviologen functionalized linear polyethylenimine) or a cobaltocene pendant (cobaltocene‐functionalized branched polyethylenimine, Cc‐BPEI). Both are able to protect hydrogenase from O2 inactivation, but only the use of Cc‐BPEI yields significant photocurrents for H+ reduction, likely due to its lower redox potential. The photocurrents obtained are found to be proportional to the quantity of H2 produced, reaching a maximum of −30 μA cm−2 for the system incorporating Cc‐BPEI and showing a relatively positive onset potential at +0.38 V versus SHE.
Synthesis of Unprecedented Sulfonylated Phosphono‐exo‐Glycals Designed as Inhibitors of the Three Mycobacterial Galactofuranose Processing Enzymes
Authors: Frédéric Christophe J.‐M. , Tikad Abdellatif , Fu Jian , Pan Weidong , Zheng Ruixiang B. , Koizumi Akihiko , Xue Xiaochao , Lowary Todd L. , Vincent Stéphane P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study reports a new methodology to synthesize exo‐glycals bearing both a sulfone and a phosphonate. This synthetic strategy provides a way to generate exo‐glycals displaying two electron‐withdrawing groups and was applied to eight different carbohydrates from the furanose and pyranose series. The Z/E configurations of these tetrasubstituted enol ethers could be ascertained using NMR spectroscopic techniques. Deprotection of an exo‐glycal followed by an UMP (uridine monophosphate) coupling generated two new UDP (uridine diphosphate)‐galactofuranose analogues. These two Z/E isomers were evaluated as inhibitors of UGM, GlfT1, and GlfT2, the three mycobacterial galactofuranose processing enzymes. Molecule 46‐(E) is the first characterized inhibitor of GlfT1 reported to date and was also found to efficiently inhibit UGM in a reversible manner. Interestingly, GlfT2 showed a better affinity for the (Z) isomer. The three enzymes studied in the present work are not only interesting because, mechanistically, they are still the topic of intense investigations, but also because they constitute very important targets for the development of novel antimycobacterial agents.
Metallkomplexe als Antikrebsmittel
Authors: Kühn Fritz E. , Schmidt Andrea 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeit 1978 wird Cisplatin weltweit als Chemotherapeutikum gegen Krebs eingesetzt. Neben den entwickelten Resistenzen leiden Krebspatienten dabei jedoch an starken Nebenwirkungen. In der Tumorforschung wurden verschiedene Strategien entwickelt, um die Schattenseiten des Platinkomplexes zu beseitigen. Bereits Platinkomplexe der zweiten Generation weisen geringere Nebenwirkungen auf. Metallorganische Komplexe und Koordinationsverbindungen mit unterschiedlichen Metallen zielen sowohl auf das klassische Zielmolekül DNS als auch auf in Krebszellen überexprimierte Proteine und Enzyme ab. Bestimmte Wirkstofftransportsysteme werden spezifisch in Tumorgewebe angereichert und Antikrebsmittel können somit gezielt in Krebszellen wirken.
Room Temperature Phase Transition in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films Induced by Hydrohalic Acid Additives
Authors: Soe Chan Myae Myae , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Harutyunyan Boris , Manley Eric F. , Chen Lin X. , Bedzyk Michael J. , Marks Tobin J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough reactive additives have been employed in perovskite solar cells to enhance film morphology and significantly increase device performance, little is known about the effect of these additives on perovskite structural and optical properties. Here we report a systematic study of how the properties of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) are influenced by hydrohalic acid additives (HX; X=I, Br, Cl) in the precursor solution. Detailed structural and optical spectroscopic analysis reveals that all three acids affect the optical properties and alter the unit cell lattice parameters. Depending on the identity and concentration of HX, optical bandgaps widen or compress: addition of HBr yields a wider bandgap, whereas HI compresses the gap at high concentrations; HCl, on the other hand, has no significant effect on the bandgap. These changes can be understood by correlating them with the types of defects present in polycrystalline perovskite thin films in combination with the structural strain induced in very small crystallites. The presence of extra halides from HX in the precursor solution enables filling of the lattice vacancies in the perovskite, thereby altering metal–halogen–metal bond connectivity and consequently cell volumes and optical bandgaps. Remarkably, a room temperature tetragonal→cubic phase transition is observed for CH3NH3PbI3 films treated with high HX concentrations. Further insights into this anomalous phase transformation are obtained from in situ variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction in the 25–55 °C (298–328 K) range, revealing a monotonic fall in transition temperature with increasing precursor solution HX concentration.
Multidimensional Perovskites: A Mixed Cation Approach Towards Ambient Stable and Tunable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Koh Teck Ming , Thirumal Krishnamoorthy , Soo Han Sen , Mathews Nripan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough halide perovskites are able to deliver high power conversion efficiencies, their ambient stability still remains an obstacle for commercialization. Thus, promoting the ambient stability of perovskites has become a key research focus. In this review, we highlight the sources of instability in conventional 3 D perovskites, including water intercalation, ion migration, and thermal decomposition. Recently, the multidimensional perovskites approach has become one of the most promising strategies to enhance the stability of perovskites. As compared to pure 2 D perovskites, multidimensional perovskites typically possess more ideal band gaps, better charge transport, and lower exciton binding energy, which are essential for photovoltaic applications. The larger organic cations in multidimensional perovskites could also be more chemically stable at higher temperatures than the commonly used methylammonium cation. By combining 3 D and 2 D perovskites to form multidimensional perovskites, halide perovskite photovoltaics can attain both high efficiency and increased stability.
The coevolution of sexual imprinting by males and females
Authors: Gómez‐Llano Miguel Angel , Navarro‐López Eva María , Gilman Robert Tucker 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSexual imprinting is the learning of a mate preference by direct observation of the phenotype of another member of the population. Sexual imprinting can be paternal, maternal, or oblique if individuals learn to prefer the phenotypes of their fathers, mothers, or other members of the population, respectively. Which phenotypes are learned can affect trait evolution and speciation rates. “Good genes” models of polygynous systems predict that females should evolve to imprint on their fathers, because paternal imprinting helps females to choose mates that will produce offspring that are both viable and sexy. Sexual imprinting by males has been observed in nature, but a theory for the evolution of sexual imprinting by males does not exist. We developed a good genes model to study the conditions under which sexual imprinting by males or by both sexes can evolve and to ask which sexual imprinting strategies maximize the fitness of the choosy sex. We found that when only males imprint, maternal imprinting is the most advantageous strategy. When both sexes imprint, it is most advantageous for both sexes to use paternal imprinting. Previous theory suggests that, in a given population, either males or females but not both will evolve choosiness in mating. We show how environmental change can lead to the evolution of sexual imprinting behavior by both sexes in the same population.
Fast and Low Loss Gate Driver for SiC‐MOSFET
Authors: YAMAGUCHI KOJI , MAGOME JUNICHI , SASAKI YUJI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThis paper presents a gate driver with fast switching and low switching loss for silicon carbide‐metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The proposed driver consists of a very simple gate boost circuit and a speed up circuit, and so is cost‐effective. Normally, conventional gate drive methods include a trade‐off between switching losses and noise. The proposed gate driver can reduce switching losses without increasing surge voltage as well as voltage and current fluctuations. The proposed gate driver is able to eliminate the trade‐offs in the switching characteristics.
Hierarchical Structure of TiO2 Nano‐Aggregates Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Background Gas
Authors: UMEZU IKUROU , YOSHIDA TAKEHITO 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYWe prepared titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation of TiO2 target in O2 background gas. Effects of background gas pressure and substrate target distance on the structure of deposited films are clarified. The primary structure, nanocrystals, changes from rutile to anatase phase with increasing background gas pressure or substrate target distance. The porosity of aggregated structure increases with increasing background gas pressure or substrate target distance. These results indicate that confinement of the plume between target and substrate is important for structural formation. The hierarchical micron‐ and submicron‐sized structures were found by the analysis of scanning electron microscope images. The deposits are composed of primary, secondary, and tertiary structures: They are nanoparticles, submicron‐sized aggregates, and micron‐sized aggregates. The nonequilibrium aggregation processes of nanoparticles in the plume and/or on the substrate are essential for the formation of hierarchical structure.