bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral hygiene practice, status, and periodontitis among dental outpatient elderly in tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Kanta Sadia Mehjabeen , Sharmin Sifat , Sharower Golam , Farhana Zaki , Kundu Shuvojit Kumar , Das Sadhan Kumar , Kamil Anton Abdulbasah , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral health significantly affects older people’s quality of life, overall health, and well-being. The study aimed to assess oral hygiene practice, status, and periodontitis among elderly patients.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly patients attending dental outpatient departments of tertiary hospitals in Dhaka city from January to December 2022. Data from two hundred and twenty-seven elderly patients were collected by face-to-face interview through a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire and oral examination using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), and Community Periodontal Index component of CPITN. Statistics were presented in frequency, mean, percentage, chi-square test, fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression.ResultsAmong 227 elderly patients, the mean (± SD) age was 55.75 (±8.20) years; 51% were female, and 49% were male. Among respondents, 70.48% cleaned their teeth regularly, 61.23% cleaned their teeth once daily, 70.5% used toothbrushes and toothpaste for cleaning their teeth, and only 2.2% used interdental aids. More than half of the respondents, 54%, had poor oral hygiene status, and 55.5% had periodontitis. A significant association existed between periodontitis, age, gender, educational status, occupation, and monthly family income. Older adults aged 66 years and above were 7.2 times more likely to have periodontitis (ORadj: 12.637, 95% CI: 3.371-47.371, p < 0.0001). Respondents who engaged in labour work were more likely to have periodontitis than the service holders (ORadj:5.855, 95% CI: .594-57.75, p < 0.130). Periodontitis was significantly associated with oral hygiene practices and oral hygiene status. Elderly who did not clean their teeth regularly were roughly 15 times more likely to develop periodontitis (ORadj: 9.474, 95% CI: 3.636- 24.689, p < 0.0001). Older adults who did not use toothpaste and toothbrush were 5.1 times more likely to develop periodontitis (ORadj: 3.792, 95% CI: 1.758- 8.178, p < 0.001).ConclusionMore than half of the elderly individuals in the study had periodontitis and poor oral hygiene. The research found that the increase in periodontitis was linked to respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and oral hygiene practices. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and getting regular dental checkups for older adults.
Exploring Protein-DNA Binding Residue Prediction and Consistent Interpretability Analysis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yufan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurately identifying DNA-binding residues is a crucial step in developing computational tools to model DNA-protein binding properties, which is essential for binding pocket discovery and related drug design. Although several tools have been developed to predict DNA-binding residues based on protein sequences and structures, their performance remains limited, and proteins with crystal structures still represent only a small fraction of DNA-binding proteins. Additionally, the process of extracting handcrafted features for protein representation is labor-intensive. In this study, we combined the strengths of pre-trained protein language models and attention mechanisms to propose a sequence-based method: an attention-based deep learning approach for accurately predicting DNA-binding residues, incorporating a contrastive learning module. Our method outperformed all other sequence-based models across two prevalent benchmark datasets. Furthermore, we developed a structure-based graph neural network (GNN) model to demonstrate the impact of the contrastive module. A common limitation of existing models is their lack of interpretability, which hinders our ability to understand what these models have learned. To address this, we introduced a novel perspective for interpreting our sequence-based model by analyzing the consistency between attention scores and the edge weights generated by the GNN model. Interestingly, our results show that large-scale pre-trained protein language models, together with attention mechanisms, can effectively capture structural information solely from protein sequence inputs.
Critical role for the TGF-β1/mTORC1 signalling axis in defining the transcriptional identity ofCTHRC1+ pathologic fibroblasts
Authors: Wilson Jo-Anne AM , Walters Rachel , Guillotin Delphine , Kaminski Naftali , Parolo Silvia , Platé Manuela , Chambers Rachel C 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFibrosis, defined as the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), represents the concluding pathological outcome in a number of inflammatory, immune-mediated and metabolic diseases. Recent single cell RNA-sequencing studies have highlighted the diversity and functional heterogeneity of fibroblast populations in multiple fibrotic conditions. These include a novel pathogenic population of high collagen-producing fibroblasts, characterised by expression of the secreted glycoprotein, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1). The cardinal pro-fibrotic mediator TGF-β1 has been widely implicated in promoting fibrogenesis and is a potent inducer ofCTHRC1andCOL1A1expression. In addition to the canonical Smad signalling pathway, TGF-β1-induced collagen I production is under critical regulatory control by the mTORC1/4E-BP1 signalling hub. Using pharmacological inhibition in combination with gene-editing approaches, we now demonstrate that the role of the mTORC1 axis extends to the regulation of over a third of all TGF-β1 regulated matrisome genes. We provide further evidence that the global transcriptome of TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblastsin vitromatches that of a subpopulation of the high collagen expressingCTHRC1+ pathological fibroblast population in the IPF lung. In contrast, the TGF-β1 induced transcriptome of fibroblasts in which mTORC1 signalling is disrupted (byRPTORgene editing using CRISPR-Cas9) does not map to any fibroblast population present in human control or fibrotic lung. Using the novel and selective mTORC1 inhibitor RMC-5552, we further demonstrate a direct functional link between mTORC1 signalling and the acquisition of key marker genes which define theCTHRC1+fibroblast population in IPF. These data demonstrate, for the first time, a critical role for the mTORC1 signalling hub in determining the transcriptional identity of theCTHRC1+pathological fibroblast population and provide strong scientific support for targeting mTORC1 as a therapeutic strategy in IPF and potentially other fibrotic conditions associated with dysregulated TGF-β1 signalling in the fibrotic niche.
Provision of medical Same Day Emergency Care services within the UK: analysis from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit
Authors: Atkin C , Perrett M , Holland M , Cooksley T , Knight T , Varia R , Subbe C , Lasserson DS , Sapey E 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate current provision of medical Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) services within the UK, and current utilisation of these pathways in the assessment of unplanned medical attendances.DesignSurvey data was used from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit (SAMBA), including anonymised patient-level data collected annually using a day of care surveySettingHospitals accepting unplanned medical attendances within the UK, 2019-2023. Participants: 34,948 unplanned and 4,342 planned attendances, across 188 hospital sitesResults29.8% of unplanned medical attendances received their initial medical assessment within SDEC services, with the proportion increasing over time. 82.4% of patients assessed in SDEC services were discharged without overnight admission. Assessment in SDEC services was less likely in male patients, patients with frailty, and older adults (all p<0.005).Selected operational standards for SDEC delivery were met in 64-91% of hospitals. Most hospitals (82%) accepted referrals from emergency department triage and 63% accepted referral directly from the paramedic team. 38% of hospitals did not use a recognised selection criteria to identify suitable patients for SDEC and only 8% used a criteria designed to identify patients suitable for discharge. Overall, 34.7% of medical attendances discharged without overnight admission received their medical assessment in locations other than SDEC.ConclusionsMedical SDEC provides assessment for one third of patients seen through acute medicine services. Although the proportion of patients assessed within SDEC is increasing, further innovation and improvements are needed to ensure appropriate patients access this service.Strengths and limitations of this study-Medical same day emergency care (SDEC) has been widely adopted in the UK to deliver care to patients without overnight hospital admission, however there is limited evidence guiding development of this service.-This study compares hospital-level data describing SDEC service structure and processes, and patient level data for over 35,000 patient attendances at 188 hospitals in the UK.-This is the largest evaluation of medical SDEC to date and demonstrates an increase in the use of SDEC for medical patients nationally.-The participation rate was higher amongst hospitals in England compared to the other three UK nations, which may limit generalisability.
Perceptions of Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine: Insights from a Large-Scale International Cross-Sectional Survey of Surgery Researchers and Clinicians
Authors: Ng Jeremy Y. , Lin Brenda X. , Cramer Holger 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven the potential benefits of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) in perioperative care and the high prevalence of their use alongside conventional treatments, understanding perceptions of CAIM during surgery is important.MethodsA survey was conducted among authors who published in surgery journals. 40,074 clinicians and researchers were invited to participate. The survey included questions on demographics and CAIM perceptions.ResultsThe survey received 599 responses, with most identifying as both researchers and clinicians (n=331, 55.3%). Mind-body therapies (n=212, 47.1%) were considered the most promising CAIM areas for surgery. Most respondents believed CAIM therapies are safe (n=184, 46.2%) but were uncertain about their effectiveness (n=153, 38.6% disagreed and n=169, 42.7% were neutral). Many agreed on the value of CAIM research (n=310, 77.9%), increased funding (n=224, 55.9%), and clinician training through formal (n=215, 52.9%) and supplementary (n=246, 61.8%) education.ConclusionsSurgery clinicians and researchers show strong interest in more CAIM education and research. This study’s findings can guide the development of resources and training programs to improve CAIM knowledge and perceptions.
Emergent strategies for climate protection among German hospitals — A survey of hospital administrative leaders
Authors: Schmidt Lara , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHospitals emit large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions during healthcare delivery due to their extensive resource utilization and substantial waste generation. By implementing climate actions, hospitals can significantly contribute to climate protection in healthcare. This paper delves into the climate protection efforts of German hospitals, with a specific focus on the emergent strategies of hospital administrative leaders and the employee engagement within the framework of Stakeholder Theory. The investigation is based on primary data from an online survey of hospital administrative leaders in German hospitals. Employing a hierarchical cluster analysis, the study identifies four distinct clusters of hospitals. These clusters vary significantly in their organization and communication strategies regarding climate protection and allocation of responsibilities, indicating that German hospitals prioritize climate protection to varying degrees. The findings suggest that employee engagement depends on how hospital administrative leaders organize and communicate the topic of climate protection in their institutions. The study underscores the importance of strategic leadership for climate protection in hospitals.
Improving Split-HaloTag through Computational Protein Engineering
Authors: Wilhelm Jonas , Nickel Lennart , Lin Yin-Hsi , Hiblot Julien , Johnsson Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSplit-HaloTag can be used to transform transient molecular interactions into permanent marks through chemical labeling, thereby enabling the recording of transient physiological events in individual cells. However, applications of split-HaloTag-based recorders can be limited by slow labeling rates. To address this issue, we have engineered an improved version of cpHaloΔ, the larger fragment of the split-HaloTag system. Using computational techniques, we identified stabilizing point mutations and designed a structured linker connecting the original N and C termini of the circular permutated protein, thereby significantly improving thermostability and activity of cpHaloΔ. These modifications decrease the time and substrate concentrations required for split-HaloTag-based assays and can expand their dynamic range and sensitivity.
Promoter- and Enhancer-Dependent Cohesin Loading Initiates Chromosome Looping to FoldTcrbLoci for Long-Range Recombination
Authors: Allyn Brittney M. , Hayer Katharina E. , Oyeniran Clement , Nganga Vincent , Lee Kyutae , Sacan Ahmet , Oltz Eugene M. , Bassing Craig H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCohesin-mediated chromosome looping regulates diverse processes, including antigen receptor (AgR) gene assembly by V(D)J recombination. To understand mechanisms that coordinate genome topologies, we focused on a genetically tractable AgR locus,Tcrb. Cohesin loading and initiating loop extrusion (LE) from a nearby CTCF-binding element (CBE) required the promoter of the most 5’Vβ segment, creating long-range contacts with target downstream DJβ segments within the recombination center (RC). CBEs flanking the RC have multiple functions: terminators of LE originating in the Vβ cluster, initiators of LE in the RC, and insulation of enhancer activity. Deletion of theTcrbsuper-enhancer abolished loop extrusion from the neighboring RC but spared long-range contacts, indicating that unidirectional loop extrusion from upstream Vβ segments was sufficient. Thus, Vβ promoter- or enhancer-dependent cohesin loading initiates LE in opposite directions across the locus to assemble a broadTcrbrepertoire, a finding that has broad implications for genomic architecture and function.
IGF-1 IMPACTS NEOCORTICAL INTERNEURON CONNECTIVITY IN EPILEPTIC SPASM GENERATION AND RESOLUTION
Authors: Ballester-Rosado Carlos J. , Le John T. , Lam Trang T. , Anderson Anne E. , Frost James D. , Swann John W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the mechanisms that generate epileptic spasms following perinatal brain injury. Recent studies have implicated reduced levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in these patients’ brains. Other studies have reported low levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. In the TTX brain injury model of epileptic spasms, we undertook experiments to evaluate the impact of IGF-1 deficiencies on neocortical interneurons and their role in spasms. Quantitative immunohistochemical analyses revealed that neocortical interneurons that express glutamic acid decarboxylase, parvalbumin, or synaptotagmin 2 co-express IGF-1. In epileptic rats, expression of these three interneuron markers were reduced in the neocortex. IGF-1 expression was also reduced, but surprisingly this loss was confined to interneurons. Interneuron connectivity was reduced in tandem with IGF-1 deficiencies. Similar changes were observed in surgically resected neocortex from infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) patients. To evaluate the impact of IGF-1 deficiencies on interneuron development, IGF-1R levels were reduced in the neocortex of neonatal conditional IGF-1R knock out mice by viral injections. Four weeks later, this experimental maneuver resulted in similar reductions in interneuron connectivity. Treatment with the IGF-1 derived tripeptide, (1–3)IGF-1, abolished epileptic spasms in most animals, rescued interneuron connectivity, and restored neocortical levels of IGF-1. Our results implicate interneuron IGF-1 deficiencies, possibly impaired autocrine IGF-1 signaling and a resultant interneuron dysmaturation in epileptic spasm generation. By restoring IGF-1 levels, (1–3)IGF-1 likely suppresses spasms by rescuing interneuron connectivity. Results point to (1–3)IGF-1 and its analogues as potential novel disease-modifying therapies for this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Aerodynamic study of a leading-edge rotating cylinder in a cambered aerofoil (NACA2412)
Authors: K.B. Ravichandrakumar , Ganapathy Subramanian Lalgudi Ramachandran 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Flow separation over an aircraft’s wing beyond a specific angle of attack is challenging. Flow boundary layer manipulation has been investigated to improve aerofoil lift and mitigate flow separation difficulties including stall and drag. This is solved via active or passive flow control. Active flow control method moving surface boundary (MSB) enhances shear flow momentum, making it effective. MSB is easier than suction and blowing. Asymmetrical airfoils, which generate lift in aircraft wings, have received less MSB research than symmetrical ones. The purpose of this study is to asses the design efficacy of MSB’s NACA 2412 aerofoil.

Design/methodology/approach
To observe the performance of MSB in NACA 2412, a computational model has been created, and aerodynamical performance has been analyzed.

Findings
The study results show that the NACA 2412 with MSB has better aerodynamic efficiency than the NACA 2412 base design. It works best when it reaches its optimal speed and the delay in flow separation works well.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations may include specific aerofoil applicability, external factors and simulation constraints. Implications guide future research for broader insights and applications.

Practical implications
Improving asymmetrical aerofoil performance, mitigating stall effects, reducing drag and optimizing designs with moving surface boundary. Insights gained can enhance overall aircraft efficiency and flow control techniques.

Originality/value
The MSB flow control in a chambered aerofoil is less explored and not explored enough in wing-based aerofoils, and the optimal cylinder speed ratio trend has been discussed at each angle of attack studied.
A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aircraft vehicle trajectory control model with air-launched missiles
Authors: Sivrioglu Selim , Basaran Sinan 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
In today’s technology, the significance of unmanned aerial vehicles is steadily increasing. Many unmanned aerial vehicles design, especially those used for military purposes, have achieved autonomy from human operators. Undoubtedly, one of the most crucial features of these aircraft is their vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capability. Inspired by quadrotor methodology, this paper aims to conduct, a modeling of an aircraft with VTOL capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
The impact of releasing air-launched missiles, considered as the useful payload carried during the flight of the aircraft, has been taken into account in this modeling. The release of air-launched missiles disrupts both the symmetric structure of the system and alters the mass and inertia parameters. Simulations were conducted to investigate scenarios involving the simultaneous release of all air-launched missiles and their release at different times.

Findings
The investigation focused on determining how quickly an aircraft, aiming to consecutively hit targets, can return to its desired trajectory. The time interval between the consecutive releases of two air-launched missiles has been identified.

Originality/value
It is crucial for a VTOL-capable aircraft to possess a unique modeling structure to examine its capability of releasing air-launched missiles in various scenarios. This entails understanding not only the aircraft’s VTOL functionality but also its ability to effectively release missiles in different operational conditions.
Research on the flow velocity characteristics of oil contaminated with particulates using PIV
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Ge 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify the influence of the equivalent particles number (EPN) change on the flow velocity characteristic.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for an exploratory study using PIV technology to obtain the transient flow toxicity vector of oil in the square pipeline.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights about the influence of EPN on the flow average velocity which is most prominent in the middle of the pipeline, and smaller EPN values have a greater impact.Originality/valueThese influence laws of EPN can be used to obtain the dynamic characteristics of oil, which provides theoretical support for oil pollution control and effective treatment measures and lays a preliminary foundation for the online monitoring of particles in oil.
Incumbents’ marketing deterrence strategies and potential entrants’ time-to-entry: evidence from the US airline industry
Authors: Aghaie Sina , Kamran-Disfani Omid , Darani Milad , Saljoughian Mohammad Mike 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how incumbent firms’ marketing deterrence strategies, price-cuts and quality improvement, influence potential entrants’ (PEs) entry timing into incumbents’ markets and examine the moderating role of incumbents’ market-level resources and capabilities (R&Cs).

Design/methodology/approach
To test the hypotheses, an accelerated failure time model is applied to a rich data set of entry threats between 1997 and 2019 in the US airline industry.

Findings
The findings show that while quality improvements delay PEs’ entry, price-cuts expedite it. Furthermore, PEs are more likely to be deterred by price-cuts when incumbents possess high market-level R&Cs. However, such R&Cs do not moderate the link between incumbents’ quality improvement and PEs’ entry timing.

Research limitations/implications
Market entry in this research is conceptualized and defined as a large resource deployment into a market and operationalized as a binary variable. However, PEs might rather choose a minor resource deployment instead to establish a foothold in new markets. It would be fruitful for future research to examine various levels of participation in a new market and examine how the incumbents’ marketing deterrence strategies affect PEs’ entry timing. Doing so would provide us with a deeper understanding of the difference between actual/full market entry and micro/minor market entry.

Practical implications
This research examines the impact of incumbents’ marketing deterrence strategies in a contingency framework and highlights the crucial role of R&Cs in implementing such deterrence strategies. Doing so provides actionable insights to managers who craft strategies to protect their markets against PEs.

Originality/value
Previous research illustrates that incumbent firms commonly respond to competitors’ entry threats by cutting prices and improving quality. While antecedents of these deterrence strategies have been extensively investigated, the consequences have yet to be empirically examined.