bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national trends in prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for early-onset dementias, 1990-2021: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Lin Chen-Ying , Zhai Ya-Jie , An Hao-Hua , Wu Fan , Qiu Hui-Na , Li Jing-Bo , Lin Jing-Na 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background This study aims to analyze temporal trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden of early-onset dementia (EOD) globally from 1990 to 2021 and assess the attributable burdens of modifiable risk factors.
Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 were used. EOD was defined as dementia in individuals aged 40-64. The analysis included case numbers with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), and DALY rates (ASDRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratified by global, regional, and national levels, sociodemographic index (SDI), and sex. Joinpoint regression analysis evaluated the average annual percent change (AAPC). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) estimated the proportion of DALYs attributable to risk factors.
Results The global number of EOD cases and DALYs nearly doubled from 1990 to 2021, reaching 7.758 million cases (95% UI 5.827 to 10.081) and 3.774 million DALYs (95% UI 1.696 to 8.881) in 2021. ASPR and ASDR increased slightly to 355.9 (95% CI 267.2 to 462.8) and 173.3 (95% CI 77.9 to 407.7) per 100,000 in 2021. In 2021, the highest ASPR was in high-middle SDI countries at 387.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 291.1 to 506.8), while the highest ASDR was in middle SDI at 182.9 per 100,000 (95% CI 82.2 to 431). The fastest ASDR increase was in low and low-middle SDI countries from 2010 to 2021, with AAPCs of 0.42% (95% CI 0.34 to 0.50) and 0.36% (95% CI 0.33 to 0.39), respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between SDI and ASDR. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021), ASPR and ASDR in high-SDI countries declined, while other SDI regions saw an accelerated increase. In 2021, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was the most significant attributable risk factor for EOD-related DALYs globally, with PAFs for high body mass index and high FPG increasing in nearly all regions since 1990, while the PAF for smoking decreased.
Conclusions In 2021, EOD burden was highest in high-middle and middle SDI countries, particularly rising during the COVID-19 pandemic. The growing influence of metabolic risk factors underscores the need for targeted public health policies and resource allocation to mitigate the EOD burden.
Integrative single cell analysis to decode transcriptomic heterogeneity in pulmonary fibrosis across diverse pathologies
Authors: Bharat Ankit , Yan Yuanqing , Kaihou Taisuke , Lecuona Emilia , Shigemura Masahiko , Sun Haiying , Kurihara Chitaru , Gao Ruli , Budinger G.R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Studies using single-cell transcriptional profiling of human samples have provided invaluable mechanistic insights into the development of various acute and chronic fibrotic lung states. However, the lack of data harmonization has impeded the comprehensive mapping of lung fibrosis, particularly for rarer etiologies with limited tissue availability. In this study, we performed new transcriptional analysis of human lungs with fibrotic disease states and integrated our data with approximately 1.3 million human cells from 15 studies, utilizing novel methods to address technical and batch effects. This integration allowed us to uncover common molecular signatures across different disease states including COVID-19 ARDS, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial lung disease, while identifying disease-specific transcriptomic profiles. Furthermore, our approach enabled the identification of a core gene signature for KRT17+KRT5- cells, a distinct subset implicated in pulmonary fibrosis across various etiologies which we validated using image-based spatial transcriptomics analyses. Additionally, our approach enabled us to deconvolute myeloid and stromal cell lineages in lung allografts from recipients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction, defining pathogenic transcriptional signatures and elucidating the intercellular crosstalk between donor- and recipient-derived cells in the allograft. Our approach provides a method to overcome the technical challenges in integrating single cell RNA-sequencing data from uncommon fibrotic lung diseases with extant datasets to define distinct and common molecular features and potential therapeutic targets.
“Assessment of window period knowledge among STEMI patients in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry: A cross-sectional study.”
Authors: KUTHUBUDEEN MOUHAMED NAZAR , S KASIPANDIAN 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:The rising cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemic in South Asia, including India, has been a significant concern over the past three decades. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a severe manifestation of CVD that requires prompt reperfusion therapy to prevent a poor prognosis. Despite this, over 50% of individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) either die in the emergency department or before reaching a hospital within an hour of symptom onset. In India, only 0.8% of patients arrive within the critical first hour, with most seeking treatment after 12 hours. Delays in seeking care often lead to preventable complications, highlighting the need for increased public awareness about the STEMI window period and the importance of timely hospital arrival.
Material and methods: The present study was cross sectional study carried out among STEMI patients both new and old cases more than 18 years. The data was collected in a semi structured questionnaire after informed consent. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics.
Results: This study assessed 90 patients with a mean age of 51.01 years. The group included 60% males and 40% females, with educational backgrounds ranging from illiterate (8.9%) to college-educated (41.1%) and school attendees only (50.0%). Findings revealed varying knowledge about the critical timing for seeking medical attention following chest pain: 35.6% of participants recommended arriving at the hospital within 1-2 hours, while 31.1% suggested 3-5 hours. Notably, 22.2% and 11.1% recommended waiting more than 6 hours and 12 hours, respectively. Overall, 58.9% of participants demonstrated a good understanding of the risks associated with late arrival, with all individuals aged 70-79 being aware of the associated mortality risk (p<0.05). Additionally, 63.3% of the study population recognized that chest pain is unrelated to gas issues, with the 60-69 age group showing a high level of understanding (72.7%). Knowledge about the importance of ECG for diagnosing heart attacks was good among 57.8% of participants, with the 40-49 age group demonstrating particularly strong knowledge (70%). Furthermore, 58.8% of participants understood the critical nature of heart muscle damage occurring every second during a heart attack.
Conclusion:Delay in treatment for acute coronary syndromes is a major contributor to the morbidity burden of cardiovascular disease. Hence awareness is critical for the general public to know about the window period of STEMI and timely arrival to the hospital for early management.
An autopsy case report of a patient with myxedema coma
Authors: Tetsuka Syuichi , Ashida Chisa , Ueno Shoichiro , Nakamura Ryuta , Nihei Mio , Ogawa Tomoko , Nakazato Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Myxedema coma is a rare disease in which the underlying metabolic function is impaired due to hypothyroidism. Although myxedema coma has a very low prevalence, it has been associated with a high mortality rate. However, autopsy cases of myxedema coma have not yet been reported. Case presentation: This study presents an autopsy case of myxedema coma in an 82-year-old man with hypothyroidism, despite receiving treatment with levothyroxine. The patient suffered from head trauma and cold exposure, resulting in disturbance of consciousness and hypothermia. Upon arrival at our hospital, the patient exhibited severely impaired consciousness and had a body temperature of 27.2℃, oxygen saturation of 71%, heart rate of 40 beats/min, and hypotension. The thyroid hormone levels decreased with the thyroid-stimulating hormone level being 14.10 µIU/mL and free T4 being 0.57 ng/dL. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with myxedema coma and underwent levothyroxine treatment (200 µg daily), noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and adrenaline administration. However, the patient did not respond to those treatments and died six days after admission. The autopsy findings indicated pericardial and pleural effusions and, histologically, edematous adipose tissue infiltration containing mucopolysaccharides throughout multiple organs, such as the heart, thyroid, pancreas, and kidney.
Conclusions
Although gelatinous degeneration of bone marrow tissue due to mucopolysaccharides with edema was previously reported in patients with severe hypothyroidism, no reports on the other visceral adipose tissues were found. This autopsy case might present pathological changes resembling gelatinous degeneration in various organs which are caused by myxedema coma for the first time.
Assessing Machine Learning classifiers in COVID-19: The Role of Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Features in Predicting Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Shahidzade Mostafa , Jafari Ramezan , Jafari Nematollah Jonaidi , Salmanizadegan Fateme , Teymouri Omid , Sabouri Maryam , Yargholi Mahya , Mollaahmadipour Zahra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Oxygen saturation is vital for evaluating COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients, with levels below 90% indicating respiratory distress and a potential need for intensive care.
Objective
This study develops machine learning models that integrate CT-based features with clinical and laboratory data to predict binary oxygen saturation outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Method
A retrospective study of 1008 COVID-19 patients admitted between October 2020 and May 2021, using 70% of data for training and 30% for testing. Classifiers used: Linear SVM, SVM with RBF kernels, Logistic Regression, Random Forests, Naïve Bayes, and XGBoost. Performance assessed by validation AUC and 10-fold cross-validation AUC range. Significant features identified by the top validation AUC classifier, prioritizing the top three with importance and stability scores over 0.7.
Results
Linear ML classifiers performed well in Clinical and Laboratory Models, while non-linear classifiers excelled in CT-Based and Integrated Models. Logistic Regression in the Clinical Model achieved an AUC of 0.82, with Age, Gender, and Fever as significant features. In the Laboratory Model, Linear SVM (0.82) identified White Blood Cell count as key. Random Forest in the CT-Based Model (0.87) highlighted Mean Lesion Volume. The Integrated Model's top classifier, SVM with RBF Kernel (0.89), found WBC and Mean NLLV critical.
Conclusion
Linear classifiers effectively predict oxygen saturation using clinical and laboratory data, while non-linear classifiers excel with CT-based and integrated models, highlighting the need for tailored machine learning approaches to different data types in COVID-19 patient care.
Tryptophan and HTP supplementation in the treatment of cognitive and mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adekunle Hakeem , Balogun Olalekan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:Cognitive and mood disorders, which are increasingly prevalent due to stress, depression, and anxiety, necessitate effective treatments with minimal side effects. Tryptophan (TRP) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin precursors, are potential therapeutic options. Serotonin deficiency is linked to various cognitive and mood disorders. Previous studies on TRP and 5-HTP supplementation have shown mixed results, suggesting the need for a comprehensive review.
Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with studies sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 2000 and 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults and children with cognitive or mood disorders were included. The exclusion criteriawere studies focused on specific disorders, those involving other mental disorders, or those not in English. The data extracted focused on demographic information, supplement dosage, and outcome measures such as plasma glucose levels, BMI, depression status, and mood.
Results: Sixteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that TRP and 5-HTP supplementation significantly increased total plasma levels and improved mood and depression scores. However, no significant impact was found on BMI or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. High heterogeneity was observed across studies.
Conclusion: TRP and 5-HTP supplementation appear to effectively enhance mood and reduce depression symptoms in individuals with cognitive and mood disorders. However, the benefits on cognitive function are less clear, and further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the variability in responses.
The Development of Process Flow Sheet for Froth Flotation Method of Coal Deposit in The Case of Yayo Area, South-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Dagnaw , Meseret Getahun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Coal is a mixture of organic and inorganic materials and has the ability to burn easily. The objective of this research was to develop a froth flotation flow sheet for the Yayo coal deposit using METSIM simulation software. In this study, the flotation flow sheet for the Yayo coal deposit was created by conducting proximate analysis value and ultimate analysis value. The particle sizes examined were 500μm, 250μm, 125μm, and 63 μm. Based on the particle size distribution, it was found that the 125μm particle size was most suitable for producing high- quality coal with a high percentage yield, as determined by the METSIM simulation software. The proximate analysis values obtained through the simulation software indicated that the moisture content of the coal was 21.25%, the volatile matter content was 22.3%, and the ash content was 6.42%. The average values of the ultimate analysis revealed that the coal contained 62.022% carbon, 4.558% hydrogen, 27.1653% oxygen, and 12.87% sulfur, as determined by the METSIM software simulation. Moreover, the carbon content result obtained from the METSIM simulation software was 79.49%, indicating that the coal in the study area is classified as bituminous coal, which is known for its relatively high carbon content.
Biomapping and Enviromapping of Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in a Commercial Beef Processing Facility
Authors: Portillo-Alarcon Rodrigo M. , Brashears Mindy M. , Sanchez-Plata Marcos X. , Roldan Ariana , Miller Markus F. 
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to perform biomapping and enviromapping of microbial indicators and pathogens to track microbial changes on carcasses and various surfaces throughout the facility, from harvest to fabrication. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and food safety programs in 3 distinct areas of the facility. Samples were collected on 2 separate days to track the fabrication of carcasses from cattle harvested the previous day. On the first day, samples were taken from the lairage area and the harvest floor. On the second day, samples were collected from the fabrication floor. The surfaces tested included walls, equipment, handrails, drains, conveyor belts, cutting boards, and carcasses. MicroTally® cloths (FREMONTA), EZ Reach™ sponges (World Bioproducts), and boot covers (VWR® Basic Protection Anti-Skid Shoe cover, Avantor) were used to collect samples depending on the surface. Most samples, except those from the lairage area, were enumerated using the TEMPO® system (bioMérieux). All samples were tested for pathogens using the BAX® System (Hygiena). The microbial indicators for this study were aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli Biotype I, and for pathogens were Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [STEC] O157), non-O157 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145), and Salmonella spp. As anticipated, statistical reductions among different areas occurred for all 3 locations (P&lt;0.05). The results showed a trend of decreasing microbial loads, starting with high levels of indicators and gradually reducing in the later stages of the process. Salmonella and STEC were detected in the lairage and harvest areas, with some also found on surfaces in the fabrication area before the final interventions were applied. Biomapping and enviromapping are valuable tools for assessing the efficacy of interventions and the effectiveness of food safety programs, enabling manufacturers to make data-driven decisions.
MSMEs Financial Sustainability Model in Indonesia: Policy, Capital, Literacy, Structure
Authors: Heliani Heliani , Iskandar Yusuf 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study looks into the intricate relationships that exist between capital structure, financial literacy, intellectual capital, social capital, and government policies in relation to the sustainability and financial performance of MSMEs in Indonesia.
Methodology/approach: This study used structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) for quantitative analysis with a sample of 375 firms.
Findings: The findings support the significance of these elements and highlight complex connections that add to a comprehensive knowledge of MSMEs dynamics. Notably, the effects of government policies on sustainability financial and performance are varied.
Practical implications: For academics, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to support MSMEs growth and resilience in the particular Indonesian setting, these findings provide practical insights.
Originality/value: In doing so, the study aims to elucidate the complex interrelationships among these variables and their collective impact on the operational efficiency and long-term viability of MSMEs in Indonesia.
Professional Scepticism, Independence, Information Technology, Auditor Competence, And Audit Quality
Authors: M. Rasuli  , Zarefar Arumega , Zarefar Atika , Juhaira Johari Razana 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of professional scepticism, independence, information technology, and auditor competence on audit quality.
Methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data in the form of questionnaires. Respondents of this study were 68 auditors of BPK RI Representative of Riau Province. Regression analysis using the PLS-SEM method.
Findings: The results showed that professional scepticism and BPK auditor competence significantly positively affected BPK audit quality. Other results show that independence and information technology do not significantly affect BPK audit quality.
Practical implications: These results provide a new understanding of independence and information technology in conducting audits in the public sector. Although BPK is an external auditor for all government agencies, the income of BPK employees or auditors comes from the government, so independence is not quite appropriate to be pinned on BPK auditors. Still, the objective attitude of each BPK auditor in carrying out audits at government agencies must be improved.
Originality/value: These results contribute to the development of literature on the determinants of audit quality.
Ethics Perspective of Quality Accounting Information and Future Certainty: A Pattern of Rationally Perceived Decision
Authors: Siladjaja Muljanto , Nugrahanti Trinandari Prasetya , Magdalena Pamela 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This research tested the distinctive capability of detecting misleading information when real earnings have positively stimulated the smooth movement of the market price.
Methodology/approach: This causal research used the primary data from the investor community in 2022, which amounted to 3.242 respondents for running SEM and endogeneity testing; FGD has been the fittest validation process for capturing the rationality models.
Findings: High consistency of integrity-characteristic played a crucial role in designing a prudent accounting treatment which indicates the ethics code related to highly sustainable business during an uncertain future global economy. Inevitably, a measurement of trust in high earning quality pointed out that this quality measurement is to protect this investment decision in a highly secured, safe area.
Practical implications: One centralized platform of financial reporting services should support the attractiveness of obedience and compliance as an incomparable advantage of positive earnings management. High-prospected firms should be assessed by high-quality accounting information; the delisting procedure has been prioritized firmly for low-prospect ones.
Originality/value: This research explores the pattern of predictive simulation modeling as the existence of game theory, adapted from simplex-linear programming; this rationality model has strengthened as a fundamental requirement to illustrate high future certainty.
Peran Moderasi Koneksi Politik Pada Pengaruh Karakteristik CEO Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan
Authors: Alfianto Fahrizal Irfan , Irianto Gugus , Prihatiningtias Yeney Widya 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the impact of CEO characteristics (busyness, economic education, ownership) on corporate financial performance with CEO political connections as a moderating variable.
Methodology/approach: This research is a quantitative study utilizing secondary data. The sample was taken using purposive sampling method, thereby obtaining data from 352 non-financial companies listed on the IDX during the 2016-2022 time period. The total observations made were 2306. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis support by the Stata 14 application.
Findings: The regression analysis results indicating CEO economic education has a positive effect on return on asset (ROA). Meanwhile, CEO political connections moderate the positive effect of CEO ownership on corporate financial performance (ROA) and moderate the negative effect of CEO economic education on corporate financial performance (ROA).
Practical implications: Companies should consider the characteristics of CEOs in accordance with the company in order to enhance financial performance. In addition, potential CEOs should improve their characteristics to have a positive impact on the corporate financial performance.
Originality/value: This research develops a model related to CEO political connections in moderating the influence of CEO characteristics (busyness, economic education, ownership) on company financial performance.
Keywords: CEO Busyness; CEO Education; CEO Ownership; CEO Political Connections; Corporate Financial Performance; Return on Asset (ROA).