bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the physical fitness of elite women’s rugby union players over a competition season
Authors: Hene NM , Bassett SH 
Published: January 2017

Objective. To investigate changes in the physical fitness characteristics of elite women’s rugby union players over a competitive season.Methods. Thirty-two elite women’s rugby union players, all members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad, were sub-divided into 2 positional categories of 17 forwards and 15 backs, respectively, and assessed pre-, mid- and post-competition season. Players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (vertical jump, 10 m and 40 m sprint, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test).Analysis. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season (p<0.01).Results. In both groups, no significant changes were detected in the sum of skinfolds, vertical jump height, 1RM bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test scores throughout the season. However, sprint times (10 m and 40 m) significantly increased and then decreased for both groups between the early (pre- to mid-season) and later phases of the season (mid- to post-season), respectively.Conclusion. The results suggest that, for improvement in physical fitness, players need to train at higher loads, especially in the preparatory phase. Thereafter, they must take measures to actively maintain these gains throughout the competitive season. Direct supervision of their conditioning should be encouraged.
FROM STORYTELLING TO STORY WRITING: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF READING TO LEARN (R2L) PEDAGOGY TO TEACH ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Damayanti Ika Lestari 
Published: January 2017

It is widely acknowledged that the use of stories supports the development of literacy in the context of learning English as a first language. However, it seems that there are a few studies investigating this issue in the context of teaching and learning English as a foreign language. This action-oriented case study aims to enhance students’ written narrative achievement through a pedagogical intervention that incorporates oral story sharing activities. In this paper, the intervention will be briefly described and the preliminary findings from the students’ written texts will be presented. This study which was conducted in a lower secondary school in Bandung Barat region, Indonesia implemented the intervention within eight learning periods. The intervention comprised the following stages: (1) preparing before reading (stories), (2) detailed reading, (3) joint rewriting, and (4) individual rewriting. Before and after the intervention, students’ narrative texts were collected and analysed in terms of how each text achieved its purpose, how it moved through stages and phases of meaning, the control of field, relationship with the reader and its coherence. The preliminary findings indicate that there is a shift in students’ ability from writing fragmented and spoken-like language to more literate written narratives. It is expected that this study which implemented R2L pedagogy in the Indonesian context will contribute to English language teaching in EFL contexts.
Colégio Nossa Senhora do Amparo: casa de oraçâo, educação e trabalho
Authors: Souza Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Gomes de , França Samara Avelino de Souza 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como eram educadas as meninas órfãs pobres, desvalidas, expostas e pensionistas do Colégio Nossa Senhora do Amparo, criado em 1804, pelo Bispo Frei Caetano Brandão, na cidade de Belém do Pará. O recorte histórico de análise é o período de 1860 a 1870. Para compreender o universo cultural deste estabelecimento de ensino, valemo-nos dos Regulamentos do Colégio, relatórios dos presidentes da província e dos administradores do Amparo.O presidente da Província era o protetor supremo do Colégio, o qual era mantido por doações de particulares, donativos, esmolas e quantias fixadas pelas Assembléia Geral e Provincial. As alunas iniciavam suas atividades às cinco e meia da manhã. A partir daí, dividiam o seu tempo entre as orações na capela e as aulas. Às nove e meia da noite, recolhiam-se aos dormitórios. As meninas eram educadas para não desperdiçar tempo, evitando, por conseguinte, a ociosidade. Tratava-se de um tempo de educação controlado pelo toque do sino que organizava a rotina do Colégio, indicando o início e o fim de cada atividade. A educação baseada nos princípios do catolicismo buscava formar, no futuro, mães caridosas, bondosas, amáveis a serviço da doutrina católica.
Os tribunais de contas do Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima e Tocantins e seus procedimentos de contabilização da receita e despesa em educação
Authors: Davies Nicholas 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo examinou as instruções normativas e procedimentos adotados pelos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) do Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima e Tocantins ou em seus relatórios de contas estaduais (quando disponibilizados nos portais) na verificação da receita e despesa em educação, e chegou a várias constatações. Uma é que as informações e documentos disponíveis ou fornecidos por vários TCs são escassas, pouco detalhadas ou mesmo deficientes em vários aspectos. Outra é que tais documentos contêm muitos equívocos. Por exemplo, dois TCs (Acre e Rondônia) elaboraram manuais com base na Medida Provisória 339/2006, quando o correto seria tomar como referência a Lei 11.494/2007. O TC do Amapá, além de editar uma instrução sobre o Fundef só em 2005, quando ele estava prestes a terminar, errou ao permitir que parte dos 60% do Fundef fossem usados na capacitação de professores leigos, só permitido legalmente até 2001. O TC do Amazonas, por sua vez, aceitava, pelo menos até 2006, que o governo estadual empregasse parte dos 40% do Fundef para pagar inativos, ao contrário do TC de Roraima, que excluía o pagamento dos inativos com os 25% dos impostos mas se equivocou, assim como outros TCs, de aceitar o uso dos recursos do Fundef na compra de bolsas para alunos em escolas privadas, confundindo as despesas admissíveis do Fundef (só no ensino fundamental público) com as de MDE, que preveem tais bolsas. Por fim, o TC de Tocantins errou ao considerar que os gastos estaduais na educação infantil e no ensino superior não podem ser contabilizados nos 25% de impostos. Em síntese, as poucas informações e documentos disponíveis nos portais desses TCs ou fornecidos a mim permitem concluir que os procedimentos por eles adotados não são satisfatórios nem cumprem integralmente a legislação pertinente. A consequência é uma fiscalização aquém ou muito aquém da desejável e, portanto, de subtração de recursos legalmente vinculados à manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino.
O estado e as políticas de nacionalização da infância nas escolas étnicas do Paraná
Authors: Renk Valquiria Elita 
Published: January 2017

No Paraná, até 1938, as escolas étnicas existiam a margem do Estado, com uma organização muito específica, cujos conteúdos escolares eram ministrados na língua materna do grupo, assim, como também a história, a geografia. Adotavam livros escolares na língua de origem do grupo e muitos alunos desconheciam ou poucos conheciam da língua portuguesa, apesar de serem brasileiros. Nesta pesquisa objetiva-se analisa o processo de nacionalização destas escolas e também os processos de resistência que estes grupos étnicos apresentaram às medidas implementadas pelo Estado para nacionalizar a infância. As fontes de pesquisa são os documentos oficiais, como a legislação educacional, os Relatórios e Mensagens de Governo, os arquivos particulares das instituições de ensino, também as entrevistas e depoimentos daqueles que eram alunos destas escolas em 1938, e vivenciaram a nacionalização compulsória. As fontes possibilitam o cotejamento das informações e analisar o processo de nacionalização destas escolas. Através da análise histórica será possível entender a importância da manutenção da cultura étnica para as escolas e do ensino da língua nacional, para o Estado. Desde 1909 até 1938, a legislação educacional obrigava o ensino em português, criava formas de homogeneização do ensino, para integrar estes alunos á cultura nacional,simultaneamente as escolas étnicas organizavam formas de resistência para manter a cultura. Apesar dos mecanismos de controle do Estado sobre os professores e a organização escolar, a nacionalização só se efetivou em 1938, com o fechamento das escolas étnicas.
Analisis Triwulanan: Perkembangan Moneter, Perbankan dan Sistem Pembayaran, Triwulan I - 2015
Authors: Machmud TM Arief 
Published: January 2017

Pertumbuhan ekonomi pada triwulan I 2015 mengalami perlambatan, namun stabilitas makroekonomi dan sistem keuangan tetap terjaga. Perlambatan ekonomi bersumber dari melambatnya kinerja beberapa komponen permintaan domestik, seperti konsumsi pemerintah dan investasi bangunan. Sementara di sisi ekternal, ekspor masih melemah. Di sisi lain, stabilitas makroekonomi masih terjaga yang ditunjukkan dengan defisit transaksi berjalan yang menurun dan inflasi yang terkendali. Sementara itu, nilai tukar relatif terkendali meskipun mengalami tekanan.
PENGARUH FIELD EXPERIENCE CALON GURU EKONOMI TERHADAP KEYAKINAN EFIKASI MENGAJAR DAN MANAJEMEN KELAS (KAJIAN TEORI KOGNITIF SOSIAL)
Authors: Susilowati Nurdian 
Published: January 2017

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui peningkatan keyakinan efikasi mengajar sebelum dan sesudah melakukan field experience dan (2) Mengetahui peningkatan pengelolaan kelas (manajemen kelas) sebelum dan sesudah melakukan field experience. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Design One Group Pretest-Postes dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada peningkatan keyakinan efikasi mengajar calon guru setelah melakukan micro teaching/field experience. Keyakinan efikasi mengajar yang tinggi dapat menentukan kepercayaan diri mahasiswa dalam mengajar. Selain itu, mahasiswa calon guru juga mempunyai keyakinan manajemen kelas yang meningkat setelah melakukan micro teaching. Keyakinan manajemen kelas yang baik dapat menentukan proses pembelajaran yang efektif sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Kata Kunci: field experience, keyakinan efikasi mengajar, keyakinan mengelola kelas, mahasiswa calon guru ekonomi
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL SUPERVISI KLINIS BERBASIS INFORMASI DAN TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Rugaiyah Rugaiyah 
Published: January 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangakan model supervisi klinis berbasis informasi dan teknologi, metode yang digunakan adalah reseacrh dan development (R&D), meliputi tahap: research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing. main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, dissemination and implementation Temuan Hasil penelitian berdasarkan tahapan R&D: pertama berdasarkan kajian konsep model supervsi klinis dikembangkan berbasis konsep yang dikemukakan Glickman yang mengemukakan lima tahap supervise kilinis yaitu: (1) pra konferensi dengan guru; (2) observasi kelas;(3) analisis interpretasi observasi dan menetapkan pendekatan konverensi; (4) pertemuan yang dilakukan setelah melakukan observasi; (5) Melakukan kritik empat langkah Kelima tahapan tersebut dilakukan dengan memanfaat informasi dan teknologi. Ke dua persepsi atau pemahaman guru, kepala sekolah tentang supervisi klinis belum tuntas. Ke tiga mengembangkan panduan supervisi klinis berbasis informasi dan teknologi sebagai terobosan untuk memandu guru meningkatkan kompetensi mengajarnya dan pihak yang terlibat melaksanakan supervisi klinis berbasis informasi dan teknologi. Kata Kunci: supervisi klinis, informasi dan teknologi, kompetensi guru.
Desarrollo y validación de un método ambientalmente amigable para determinación de metales pesados en pastos
Authors: Chaparro G. Amanda Lucia , García F. Jhon Jairo , Cardona R. Yaneth , Bustamante C. Jhon Jairo , Peláez P. Manuel 
Published: January 2017

Los metales pesados son peligrosos para los seres vivos y el medio ambiente, pues no pueden ser degradados y pueden llegar a los seres humanos a través la cadena trófica, por lo tanto, su determinación en diferentes matrices para consumo humano y animal, es de vital importancia. La metodología más utilizada para su extracción, es cenizas, la cual conlleva a tiempos largos de análisis y elevado consumo de energía, por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método ambientalmente amigable para la digestión y extracción de Cd+2 y Pb+2 en pastos, utilizando ultrasonido y espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Se evaluaron diferentes variables que afectan la digestión, como posición en el ultrasonido, peso de muestra, solvente, volumen del solvente, tiempo de sonicación y tipo de recipiente, en muestras de pastos dopadas con los metales, teniéndose como variable de respuesta, el porcentaje de recuperación. Las condiciones para extraer Cd+2 y Pb+2 en estas pasturas, fueron: 0,50g de tejido vegetal; 3,00mL de HCl:HNO3-3:1 expuestos 60min al ultrasonido, en tubos de vidrio cónicos. Este procedimiento mostró un comportamiento lineal en el rango de 0,50 - 8,00mg/Kg con R2 de 0,99 tanto para Cd como para Pb. Los límites de detección y cuantificación, fueron 0,25 y 0,43mg/Kg para Cd; 0,22 y 0,37mg/Kg para Pb. La metodología propuesta, se comparó con la técnica clásica y permitió determinar niveles trazas de estos metales tóxicos, en forraje proveniente del Magdalena medio, con porcentajes de recuperación de97,54 y 98,62%, respectivamente.
Caracterización molecular de cubios (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz y Pavón) en el departamento de Boyacá
Authors: Morillo C. Ana Cruz Cruz , Morillo C. Yacenia , Tovar L. Yeily Paola 
Published: January 2017

El cubio (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz y Pavón) es un tubérculo básico en la dieta de las comunidades andinas. Es un cultivo rústico, con buena adaptación y usos medicinales. Los agricultores de las zonas altas de Boyacá conservan cultivares de tubérculos como cubios, rubas e ibias, que hacen parte de su patrimonio cultural, sin embargo, en los últimos años, este germoplasma está siendo amenazado por la erosión genética causada por factores ambientales y antrópicos. No existen estudios de caracterización molecular de este germoplasma en Boyacá, por lo cual esta investigación se orientó hacia la identificación de la diversidad de once genotipos de cubios, procedentes de los municipios de Ventaquemada y San Pedro de Iguaque, utilizando siete marcadores Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAMs). El análisis de similitud diferenció a los cultivares en dos grandes grupos, de acuerdo con características relacionadas con el tubérculo (color y forma). Los valores de heterocigosidad estimada estuvieron comprendidos entre 0,25 y 0,42 para los cebadores CGA y AG, respectivamente, lo cual es bajo si se compara con los resultados obtenidos en otras especies tuberosas. El valor promedio de heterocigosidad de la población fue de 0,35 y junto con el análisis de varianza molecular y el Fst muestran la existencia de variabilidad genética en los cultivares evaluados, la cual debe tenerse en cuenta en los programas de conservación y mejoramiento genético de los tubérculos andinos.
El suelo y su relación con los servicios ecosistémicos y la seguridad alimentaria
Authors: Burbano-Orjuela Hernán 
Published: January 2017

En este escrito, se reflexiona sobre el suelo y se destaca su importancia como recurso natural, por esta razón, se esboza su papel y los beneficios que de él se derivan para la sociedad y la naturaleza, a través de las funciones o servicios ecosistémicos que presta y de su participación para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria.
Landuse Changes Refer to Spatial Planning Regulations at Kelara Watershed Area: An Analysis Using Geospatial Information Technology
Authors: Ramlan Andi , Neswati Risma , Baja Sumbangan , Nathan Muhammad 
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze land use changes in the Kelara watershed and to assess the suitability of current land use changes with the spatial planning regulation of Jeneponto within Kelara basin. This study integrates various survey techniques, remote sensing, and geographic information system technology analysis. Geospatial information used in this study consists of Landsat ETM 7+ satellite imagery (2009) and Landsat 8 (2014) as well as a number of spatial data based on vector data which is compiled by the Jeneponto Government. Remote sensing data using two time series (2009 and 2014) are analyzed by means of supervised classification and visual classification. The analysis indicated that land use type for the paddy fields and forests (including mangroves) converted become a current land use which is inconsistent with the spatial planning regulation of Jeneponto.The use of land for settlement tends to increase through conversion of wetlands (rice fields). These conditions provide an insight that this condition will occur in the future, so that providing the direction of land use change can be better prepared and anticipated earlier.
Using 3D-Var Data Assimilation for Improving the Accuracy of Initial Condition of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in Java Region (Case Study : 23 January 2015)
Authors: Sagita Novvria , Hidayati Rini , Hidayat Rahmat , Gustari Indra , Fatkhuroyan Fatkhuroyan 
Published: January 2017

Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is a numerical weather prediction model developed by various parties due to its open source, but the WRF has the disadvantage of low accuracy in weather prediction. One reason of low accuracy of model is inaccuracy initial condition model to the actual atmospheric conditions. Techniques to improve the initial condition model is the observation data assimilation. In this study, we used three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) to perform data assimilation of some observation data. Observational data used in data assimilation are observation data from basic stations, non-basic stations, radiosonde data, and The Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) , and aggregate observation data from all stations. The aim of this study compares the effect of data assimilation with different data observation on January 23, 2015 at 00.00 UTC for Java island region. The results showed that changes root mean square error (RMSE) of surface temperature from 2° C to 1.7° C - 2.4° C, dew point from 2.1o C to 1.9o C - 1.4o C, relative humidity from 16.1% to 3.5% - 14.5% after the data assimilation.
Unplagiarized Writing- Understanding, Protecting and Staying Original for Students & Academia
Authors: Shrivastava Sanjay 
Published: January 2017

As we have advanced in technology, plagiarism has also emerged as an enormous problem. It is constantly threatening the purity and piousness of academics either for faculty researchers or for students. It is troubling academic world by its uncontrolled amplification in academics. The massive use of electronic gadgets has certainly triggered the cause. The easy accessibility has simplified copying for students than ever before making plagiarizing easy. This paper attempts to explore the issue of plagiarism from various dimensions especially students and academics. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 1-4
Effect of altitudinal variation on the soil characteristics in sal (Shorea robusta gaertn.) forests of eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Krishna Prasad , Mandal Tej Narayan 
Published: January 2017

Physico-chemical properties of forest soil depends on a variety of natural factors, the most important are variation in altitude, vegetation cover and microbial activities. The present study was conducted to understand the effect of variation in altitude in the soil characteristics in Tarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF), of eastern Nepal. Soil samples were collected from thirty plots randomly in each forest from 0- 15cm and 15-30cm depths in May 2012. Both forests had sandy loam type of soil texture. However, the percentage composition of soil particles varies within the forest sites. Soil moisture was higher in TSF. It was maximum in the rainy season in both forests. Water holding capacity was slightly higher in TSF. Bulk density was higher in TSF and it increased with soil depth in both forests. The pH value was slightly higher in HSF than TSF however, the value increased in lower soil depth in both forest stands. In the upper soil layer (0-15cm) soil organic carbon (SOC) was higher in HSF (2.09%) than TSF (1.6%). Similarly, total nitrogen (TN) was also higher in HSF (0.173%) than in TSF (0.129%) while total phosphorus (TP) was more or less same in both forest stands. The potassium (K) a soil extractable nutrient also showed higher value in HSF (312.13 µg g-1) than TSF (238.47 µg g-1). The values of SOC, TN, TP and K decreased in lower depth (15-30cm) in both forest stands. In conclusion, variation in altitude causes difference in the microclimatic condition which resulted into the alternation in soil characteristics. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
GP views on strategies to cope with increasing workload: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Fisher Rebecca FR , Croxson Caroline HD , Ashdown Helen F , Hobbs FD Richard 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe existence of a crisis in primary care in the UK is in little doubt. GP morale and job satisfaction are low, and workload is increasing. In this challenging context, finding ways for GPs to manage that workload is imperative.AimTo explore what existing or potential strategies are described by GPs for dealing with their workload, and their views on the relative merits of each.Design and settingSemi-structured, qualitative interviews with GPs working within NHS England.MethodAll GPs working within NHS England were eligible. Of those who responded to advertisements, a maximum-variation sample was selected and interviewed until data saturation was reached. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsResponses were received from 171 GPs, and, from these, 34 were included in the study. Four main themes emerged for workload management: patient-level, GP-level, practice-level, and systems-level strategies. A need for patients to take greater responsibility for self-management was clear, but many felt that GPs should not be responsible for this education. Increased delegation of tasks was felt to be key to managing workload, with innovative use of allied healthcare professionals and extended roles for non-clinical staff suggested. Telephone triage was a commonly used tool for managing workload, although not all participants found this helpful.ConclusionThis in-depth qualitative study demonstrates an encouraging resilience among GPs. They are proactively trying to manage workload, often using innovative local strategies. GPs do not feel that they can do this alone, however, and called repeatedly for increased recruitment and more investment in primary care.