bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Mechanisms of Myocardial Conduction Slowing by Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Derived from Different Species
Authors: ten Sande Judith N. , Smit Nicoline W. , Parvizi Mojtaba , van Amersfoorth Shirley C.M. , Plantinga Josée A. , van Dessel Pascal F.H.M. , de Bakker Jacques M.T. , Harmsen Marco C. , Coronel Ruben 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic option to treat patients after myocardial infarction. However, the intramyocardial administration of large amounts of stem cells might generate a proarrhythmic substrate. Proarrhythmic effects can be explained by electrotonic and/or paracrine mechanisms. The narrow therapeutic time window for cell therapy and the presence of comorbidities limit the application of autologous cell therapy. The use of allogeneic or xenogeneic stem cells is a potential alternative to autologous cells, but differences in the proarrhythmic effects of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) across species are unknown. Using microelectrode arrays and microelectrode recordings, we obtained local unipolar electrograms and action potentials from monolayers of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) that were cocultured with rat, human, or pig ADSCs (rADSCs, hADSCs, pADSCs, respectively). Monolayers of NRVMs were cultured in the respective conditioned medium to investigate paracrine effects. We observed significant conduction slowing in all cardiomyocyte cultures containing ADSCs, independent of species used (p &lt; .01). All cocultures were depolarized compared with controls (p &lt; .01). Only conditioned medium taken from cocultures with pADSCs and applied to NRVM monolayers demonstrated similar electrophysiological changes as the corresponding cocultures. We have shown that independent of species used, ADSCs cause conduction slowing in monolayers of NRVMs. In addition, pADSCs exert conduction slowing mainly by a paracrine effect, whereas the influence on conduction by hADSCs and rADSCs is preferentially by electrotonic interaction.
Cafeteria diet induce changes in blood flow that are more related with heat dissipation than energy accretion
Authors: Sabater David , Agnelli Silvia , Arriarán Sofía , Romero María del Mar , Fernández-López José Antonio , Alemany Marià , Remesar Xavier 
Published: August 2016

Background.A “cafeteria” diet is a self-selected high-fat diet, providing an excess of energy, which can induce obesity. Excess of lipids in the diet hampers glucose utilization eliciting insulin resistance, which, further limits amino acid oxidation for energy.Methods.Male Wistar rats were exposed for a month to “cafeteria” diet. Rats were cannulated and fluorescent microspheres were used to determine blood flow.Results.Exposure to the cafeteria diet did not change cardiac output, but there was a marked shift in organ irrigation. Skin blood flow decreased to compensate increases in lungs and heart. Blood flow through adipose tissue tended to increase in relation to controls, but was considerably increased in brown adipose tissue (on a weight basis).Discussion.The results suggest that the cafeteria diet-induced changes were related to heat transfer and disposal.
Experimental evidence for melt partitioning between olivine and orthopyroxene in partially molten harzburgite
Authors: Miller Kevin J. , Zhu Wen‐lu , Montési Laurent G. J. , Gaetani Glenn A. , Le Roux Véronique , Xiao Xianghui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObservations of dunite channels in ophiolites and uranium series disequilibria in mid‐ocean ridge basalt suggest that melt transport in the upper mantle beneath mid‐ocean ridges is strongly channelized. We present experimental evidence that spatial variations in mineralogy can also focus melt on the grain scale. This lithologic melt partitioning, which results from differences in the interfacial energies associated with olivine‐melt and orthopyroxene‐melt boundaries, may complement other melt focusing mechanisms in the upper mantle such as mechanical shear and pyroxene dissolution. We document here lithologic melt partitioning in olivine‐/orthopyroxene‐basaltic melt samples containing nominal olivine to orthopyroxene ratio of 3 to 2 and melt fractions of 0.02 to 0.20. Experimental samples were imaged using synchrotron‐based X‐ray microcomputed tomography at a resolution of 700 nm per voxel. By analyzing the local melt fraction distributions associated with olivine and orthopyroxene grains in each sample, we found that the melt partitioning coefficient, i.e., the ratio of melt fraction around olivine to that around orthopyroxene grains, varies between 1.1 and 1.6. The permeability and electrical conductivity of our digital samples were estimated using numerical models and compared to those of samples containing only olivine and basaltic melt. Our results suggest that lithologic melt partitioning and preferential localization of melt around olivine grains might play a role in melt focusing, potentially enhancing average melt ascent velocities.
Geochemistry of the Black Sea during the last 15 kyr: A protracted evolution of its hydrography and ecology
Authors: Piper D. Z. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Black Sea is a 2200 m deep anoxic, marine sea connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Dardanelles Strait, Marmara Sea, and the 3 km wide, 35 m deep Bosphorus Strait. The biogeochemistry of sediment from the Anatolia slope has recorded changes to the hydrography leading up to and following the input of Mediterranean water at ~9.4 ka (103 years B.P.), when global sea level rose to the level of the Bosphorus sill and high‐salinity water from the Mediterranean began to spill into the then brackish lake. The water initially mixed little with the lake water but cascaded to the bottom where it remained essentially isolated for ~1.6 kyr, the time required to fill the basin from the bottom up at its present input rate. The accumulation of Mo in the seafloor sediments, a proxy of bottom‐water anoxia, increased sharply at ~8.6 ka, when bacterial respiration in the bottom water advanced to SO42− reduction by the oxidation of organic detritus that settled out of the photic zone. Its accumulation remained elevated to ~5.6 ka, when it decreased 60%, only to again increase slightly at ~2.0 ka. The accumulation of Corg, a proxy of primary productivity, increased threefold to fourfold at ~7.8 ka, when upward mixing of the high‐salinity bottom water replaced the then thin veneer of the brackish photic zone in less than 50 years. From that time onward, the accumulation of Corg, Mo, and additional trace metals has reflected the hydrography of the basin and Bosphorus Strait, controlled largely by climate.
Mutation of orthologous prickle genes causes a similar epilepsy syndrome in flies and humans
Authors: Ehaideb Salleh N. , Wignall Elizabeth A. , Kasuya Junko , Evans William H. , Iyengar Atulya , Koerselman Haley L. , Lilienthal Anthony J. , Bassuk Alexander G. , Kitamoto Toshihiro , Manak J. Robert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveGenetically tractable fruit flies have been used for decades to study seizure disorders. However, there is a paucity of data specifically correlating fly and human seizure phenotypes. We have previously shown that mutation of orthologous PRICKLE genes from flies to humans produce seizures. This study aimed to determine whether the prickle‐mediated seizure phenotypes in flies closely parallel the epilepsy syndrome found in PRICKLE patients.MethodsVirtually all fly seizure studies have relied upon characterizing seizures that are evoked. We have developed two novel approaches to more precisely characterize seizure‐related phenotypes in their native state in prickle mutant flies. First, we used high‐resolution videography to document spontaneous, unprovoked seizure events. Second, we developed a locomotion coordination assay to assess whether the prickle mutant flies were ataxic. Third, we treated the mutant flies with levetiracetam to determine whether the behavioral phenotypes could be suppressed by a common antiepileptic drug.ResultsWe find that the prickle mutant flies exhibit myoclonic‐like spontaneous seizure events and are severely ataxic. Both these phenotypes are found in human patients with PRICKLE mutations, and can be suppressed by levetiracetam, providing evidence that the phenotypes are due to neurological dysfunction. These results document for the first time spontaneous, unprovoked seizure events at high resolution in a fly human seizure disorder model, capturing seizures in their native state.InterpretationCollectively, these data underscore the striking similarities between the fly and human PRICKLE‐mediated epilepsy syndromes, and provide a genetically tractable model for dissecting the underlying causes of the human syndromic phenotypes.
Generalized Hyperalgesia in Children and Adults Diagnosed With Hypermobility Syndrome and Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type: A Discriminative Analysis
Authors: Scheper M. C. , Pacey V. , Rombaut L. , Adams R. D. , Tofts L. , Calders P. , Nicholson L. L. , Engelbert R. H. H. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveLowered pressure‐pain thresholds have been demonstrated in adults with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (EDS‐HT), but whether these findings are also present in children is unclear. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to determine whether generalized hyperalgesia is present in children with hypermobility syndrome (HMS)/EDS‐HT, explore potential differences in pressure‐pain thresholds between children and adults with HMS/EDS‐HT, and determine the discriminative value of generalized hyperalgesia.MethodsPatients were classified in 1 of 3 groups: HMS/EDS‐HT, hypermobile (Beighton score ≥4 of 9), and healthy controls. Descriptive data of age, sex, body mass index, Beighton score, skin laxity, and medication usage were collected. Generalized hyperalgesia was quantified by the average pressure‐pain thresholds collected from 12 locations. Confounders collected were pain locations/intensity, fatigue, and psychological distress. Comparisons between children with HMS/EDS‐HT and normative values, between children and adults with HMS/EDS‐HT, and corrected confounders were analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance. The discriminative value of generalized hyperalgesia employed to differentiate between HMS/EDS‐HT, hypermobility, and controls was quantified with logistic regression.ResultsSignificantly lower pressure‐pain thresholds were found in children with HMS/EDS‐HT compared to normative values (range −22.0% to −59.0%; P ≤ 0.05). When applying a threshold of 30.8 N/cm2 for males and 29.0 N/cm2 for females, the presence of generalized hyperalgesia discriminated between individuals with HMS/EDS‐HT, hypermobility, and healthy controls (odds ratio 6.0).ConclusionChildren and adults with HMS/EDS‐HT are characterized by hypermobility, chronic pain, and generalized hyperalgesia. The presence of generalized hyperalgesia may indicate involvement of the central nervous system in the development of chronic pain.
Ustekinumab Treatment and Improvement of Physical Function and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Rahman Proton , Puig Lluis , Gottlieb Alice B. , Kavanaugh Arthur , McInnes Iain B. , Ritchlin Christopher , Li Shu , Wang Yuhua , Song Michael , Mendelsohn Alan , Han Chenglong ,   on behalf of the PSUMMIT 1 and 2 Study Groups
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of ustekinumab on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in PSUMMIT 1 and PSUMMIT 2 patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were methotrexate (MTX) naive, MTX experienced, or anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) experienced.MethodsPatients in the phase 3, PSUMMIT 1 (n = 615) and PSUMMIT 2 (n = 312) studies randomly (1:1:1) received placebo, ustekinumab 45‐mg, or ustekinumab 90‐mg subcutaneous injections at weeks 0, 4, 16, 28, 40, and 52. The PROs (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ] disability index [DI], Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], 36‐Item Short Form [SF‐36] health survey physical (PCS) and mental component summary scores, patient assessments of pain and disease activity, and impact of disease on productivity) were assessed at weeks 0, 24, and 52. In these post hoc analyses, outcomes were compared between the ustekinumab and placebo groups for 3 mutually exclusive antecedent‐exposure populations from the combined studies: MTX/anti‐TNF naive (placebo, n = 56; 45 mg, n = 58; and 90 mg, n = 66), MTX experienced, biologic agent naive (placebo, n = 192; 45 mg, n = 190; and 90 mg, n = 185), and anti‐TNF experienced with or without MTX (placebo, n = 62; 45 mg, n = 60; and 90 mg, n = 58).ResultsAt week 24, mean improvements from baseline in HAQ DI, DLQI, and SF‐36 PCS scores were significantly greater in both ustekinumab groups versus placebo across antecedent‐exposure groups. Greater proportions of ustekinumab‐treated than placebo‐treated patients (all P < 0.05) had clinically meaningful improvements in HAQ DI (≥0.3), DLQI (≥5), and SF‐36 (≥5) scores at week 24, irrespective of drug exposure. Improvements in pain, disease activity, and impact of disease on productivity were similar, and benefits were maintained through week 52.ConclusionSignificant improvements in PROs with ustekinumab versus placebo were observed in 3 antecedent‐exposure populations of PsA patients, including those with prior MTX and anti‐TNF use.
Analysis of cytokine gene polymorphisms in Mestizo and native populations from Mexico
Authors: Mendoza‐Carrera Francisco , Castro‐Martínez Xochitl Helga , Leal Caridad , Portilla‐de Buen Eliseo , Sánchez‐Corona José , Flores‐Martínez Silvia Esperanza , García‐Zapién Alejandra , Ramírez‐López Guadalupe , Gómez‐Espinel Irene , Báez‐Duarte Blanca Guadalupe , Zamora‐Ginez Irma , Velarde‐Félix Jesús Salvador , Guillermo Sánchez‐Zazueta Jorge 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether the well‐known genetic structure of the Mexican population observed with other multiallelic markers can be detected by analyzing functional polymorphisms of cytokine and other inflammatory‐response‐related genes.MethodsA total of 834 Mestizo individuals from five Mexican cities and 92 Lacandonians – an Amerindian group from southeastern Mexico – were genotyped for 14 polymorphisms in the CRP, IL10, IL6, TGFB1, TNFA, LTA, ICAM1 IFNG, and IL1RN genes. Allele and haplotype frequencies were used for genetic structure analysis using F–statistics pairwise distances and multidimensional scaling plot. Ancestry analysis was performed, as well.ResultsSignificant interpopulational differences at the allele and haplotype frequency level were observed, mainly between Northern (Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Culiacan) and Southern (Tierra Blanca and Puebla) Mexican populations. Also, low but significant substructure was detected between some populations from these two broad regions. Interestingly, both Lacandonian populations were highly differentiated from each other and with respect to Mestizos. Consistent with previous data, Amerindian ancestry in the Southern Mexican groups was higher compared to Northern ones.ConclusionsThe Mexican population exhibits regional differences in functional polymorphisms of inflammatory‐response genes, as observed for other genetic markers. This information constitutes a reference for epidemiological studies that include these genetic markers to assess the susceptibility of the Mexican population to several immune‐response‐related diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and renal disease, which have been shown to be common in the Mexican population but with prevalence differences within this country.
Contemporary management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: an evidence‐based review with recommendations
Authors: Levy Joshua M. , Rudmik Luke , Peters Anju T. , Wise Sarah K. , Rotenberg Brian W. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) represents a recalcitrant form of sinonasal inflammation for which a multidisciplinary consensus on patient management has not been reached. Several medical interventions have been investigated, but a formal comprehensive evaluation of the evidence has never been performed. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence‐based approach for the multidisciplinary management of CRS in AERD.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed and the guidelines for development of an evidence‐based review with recommendations were followed. Study inclusion criteria included: adult population >18 years old; CRS based on published diagnostic criteria, and a presumptive diagnosis of AERD. We focused on reporting higher‐quality studies (level 2 or higher) when available, but reported lower‐quality studies if the topic contained insufficient evidence. Treatment recommendations were based on American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) guidelines, with defined grades of evidence and evaluation of research quality and risk/benefits associated with each treatment.ResultsThis review identified and evaluated the literature on 3 treatment strategies for CRS in AERD: dietary salicylate avoidance, leukotriene modification, and desensitization with daily aspirin therapy.ConclusionBased on the available evidence, dietary salicylate avoidance and leukotriene‐modifying drugs are options following appropriate treatment with nasal corticosteroids and saline irrigation. Desensitization with daily aspirin therapy is recommended following revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
Gegensätzliche Reaktivität frustrierter Lewis‐Paare mit Selen‐ und Bor‐basierten Lewis‐Säuren
Authors: Wilkins Lewis C. , Günther Benjamin A. R. , Walther Melanie , Lawson James R. , Wirth Thomas , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie Aktivierung von π‐Bindungen in Alkin‐substituierten Estern wurde mit weichen und harten Lewis‐Säuren untersucht. Im Fall der weichen Selen‐Lewis‐Säure PhSeCl führte die sequenzielle Aktivierung der Alkine zunächst zu einer Isocumarinverbindung (1 Äquiv. PhSeCl), und dann zu einer tetracyclischen konjugierten Struktur, bei der die Isocumarin‐Einheit mit einem Benzoselenopyran‐System verknüpft ist (3 Äquiv. PhSeCl). Umgekehrt leitet das Boran B(C6F5)3 als harte Lewis‐Säure eine Reaktionskaskade ein, bei der ein komplexes π‐konjugiertes System mit einer Phthalid‐ und einer Inden‐Untereinheit erhalten wird.
Photoinduzierte Mehrkomponentenreaktionen
Authors: Garbarino Silvia , Ravelli Davide , Protti Stefano , Basso Andrea 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie Kombination von Mehrkomponentenansätzen mit lichtgetriebenen Prozessen erschließt neue Bereiche auf dem Gebiet der organischen Synthesechemie, deren Bedarf an nachhaltigen und atom‐ sowie energieeffizienten Reaktionen immer dringlicher wird. Photoinduzierte Mehrkomponentenreaktionen befinden sich noch immer in einem frühen Stadium, für die nahe Zukunft ist jedoch mit deutlichen Fortschritten zu rechnen.
Influence of the rubber content and particle morphology on the mechanical properties of the (hiPP)
Authors: Amiar Nabila , Bouzid Djallel , McKenna Timothy F.L 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe effect of the final morphology and the role of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) content and (iPP) particle size on the mechanical properties of (iPP/EPR) in situ blends are investigated. The addition of EPR causes a significant improvement in the impact strength of the composites, from 20 kJ/m2 in unthoughned composite iPP to 100 kJ/m2 in iPP/EPR composites containing 50% EPR. Conversely, the tensile strength and the Young's modulus of the blends decrease as the EPR amount increases. The mechanical tensile strength is similar for the composite which have a time of homopolymerization less or equal to 60 min, and a higher value is observed in the case of 100 min. The scanning electron microscopy characterization shows that the larger the iPP particle is, the less the rubber settles on the surface of the high impact polypropylene and the less the final material is resistant to shocks. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44197.
A counterexample of aerosol suppressing light rain in Southwest China during 1951–2011
Authors: Wu Jian , Ling Caiyun , Zhao Deming , Zhao Bin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSurface meteorological observation data and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from 1951–2011 were analyzed for Tengchong city, which is a clean city in Southwest China. A significant reduction of light rain, accompanied by an increase of visibility and a decrease of AOD, was observed. Thus, the observed light rain reduction in Tengchong was not associated with an increase of aerosols. The main cause of the reduction in light rain was the decrease of relative humidity in the layer between 850 to 500 hPa, which was induced mainly by the increase of temperature. This counterexample indicates that there are some evidences on the short‐term scale, but the depression of light rain by aerosols on the long‐term scale remains controversial.
An interdecadal shift in the number of hot nights around 1997 over Eastern China
Authors: Chen Sisi , Zhang Jingyong , Huang Gang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the interdecadal variation in summer nighttime hot extremes over eastern China using observational daily minimum temperature during 1979–2013. Results show a statistically significant shift in the number of hot nights (NHN) around 1997 with averaged NHN over eastern China of 6 days more during 1997–2013 than 1979–1996. The time series of the first leading Empirical Orthogonal Function mode of the NHN is closely related with sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical western pacific warm pool, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which all experienced substantial interdecadal changes in the late 1990s. Other factors such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects may also contribute to the interdecadal change of the NHN around 1997.
Cost competitive second‐generation ethanol production from hemicellulose in a Brazilian sugarcane biorefinery
Authors: Losordo Zachary , McBride John , Rooyen Justin Van , Wenger Kevin , Willies Deidre , Froehlich Allan , Macedo Isaias , Lynd Lee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProducing second‐generation ethanol from the five carbon (C5) sugars in bagasse and cane trash could increase ethanol yield at first‐generation sugarcane biorefineries in Brazil. Co‐fermenting C5 sugars with cane juice and molasses in the first‐generation fermenters is a potentially attractive process configuration enabled by recent biotechnology advances. To assess the feasibility of this cofermentation, batch fermentations of molasses supplemented with xylose, the primary C5 sugar in hemicellulose, were conducted at lab scale using a yeast strain, M3799, engineered to ferment xylose. At cell loadings consistent with Brazilian fuel ethanol fermentation, M3799 was able to convert 17.8 g/L of xylose sugar along with sugars typically found in molasses to produce 71.5 g/L of ethanol in 8 h. Based on this capability, a process that produces a C5‐enriched cane juice by integrating a steam pre‐treatment reactor with the existing cane mill is investigated. Process modeling analysis of several integrated pre‐treatment configurations predicts that sugar recovery on cane can be increased by 11% to 20% compared to traditional milling. This additional sugar can be fermented by C5 yeast in the first‐generation fermentation to produce up to 37% more ethanol without effecting sugar coproduction. Due to close integration with the first‐generation host plant, these projects achieve a minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) of $0.17/L to $0.29/L at a 10% return, which is lower than the reported MESP for other second‐generation projects and is cost competitive with first‐generation ethanol and gasoline. This translates to capital payback (EBITA/Capex) in two to four years. © 2016 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.