bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Data, Big Responsibility! Building best-practice privacy strategies into a large-scale neuroinformatics platform
Authors: Popovich Christina , Jeanson Francis , Behan Brendan , Lefaivre Shannon , Shukla Aparna 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectiveThe Ontario Brain Institute (OBI) has begun to catalyze scientific discovery in the field of neuroscience through its’ large-scale informatics platform, known as Brain-CODE (Centre for Ontario Data Exploration). Brain-CODE manages the acquisition, storage, processing, and analytics of multidimensional data collected from patients with a variety of brain disorders. Our vision is for the platform to act as an informatics catalyst; encouraging multidisciplinary research collaboration, data integration, and innovation in neuroscience research. Brain-CODE’s infrastructure was designed with best-practice privacy strategies built at the forefront to enable secure data capture of sensitive patient information in a manner that abides by government legislation while fostering data sharing and linking opportunities.
ApproachPrivacy and security features have been incorporated into the very foundation of Brain-CODE’s comprehensive guidelines, which are reinforced by our state-of-the-art approaches to keep patient data safe. To ensure clarity for study participants, we have developed standard consent language outlining how sensitive patient data will be collected, entered, de-identified, and shared using Brain-CODE. Moreover, our tiered approach to data accessibility enables the storage of encrypted Ontario Health Card Numbers as well as other patient information, secure long-term storage of de-identified data, and data sharing opportunities by request from third parties following risk-based analysis re-identification techniques. OBI has also established a comprehensive Information Security Policy and Informatics Governance Policies, as well as a carried out a Privacy Impact Assessment and Threat Risk Assessment for Brain-CODE.
ResultsBrain-CODE is proudly named a "Privacy by Design" Ambassador by the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, Canada. Moreover, approximately 200 neuroscience researchers and 35 institutions from across Canada have adopted our standard consent language to enable secure data sharing within and across neurological disorders as well as linkage opportunities with national and international databases in a secure environment.
ConclusionOBI’s rigorous approach to data sharing in the field of neuroscience maintains the accessibility of research data for big discoveries without compromising patient privacy and security. We believe that Brain-CODE is a powerful and advantageous tool; moving neuroscience research from independent silos to an integrative system approach for improving patient health. OBI’s vision for improved brain health for patients living with neurological disorders paired with Brain-CODE’s best-practice strategies in privacy protection of patient data offer a novel and innovative approach to “big data” initiatives aimed towards improving public health and society world-wide.
Validation and Vindication: Enhancing the quality of Electronic Health Record (EHR) outcomes in a large prospective study biobank
Authors: Sansome Sam , Turnbull Iain 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo date we have derived and linked over 1.5 million electronic health records (EHR) to over 280,000 of our biobank participants (across 10 diverse urban and rural geographical regions of China) through established morbidity and mortality registries, and by linkage to the China national Health Insurance (HI) system to identify disease outcomes.
To ensure accuracy, completeness and consistency of these outcomes we have developed data handling, processing, and validation procedures.
ApproachOn a disease-by-disease basis we have developed multiple strategies varying from simple standardisation of disease description to ICD10, to a more comprehensive system of retrieval and examination of medical notes.For those diseases chosen for more precise phenotyping, such as stroke, we send trained research technicians to hospitals where they retrieve clinical documents that correspond to the disease outcomes as reported by registries and HI agencies.
A Portable Validation Device (PVD) tablet has been developed to guide the medical notes gathering process and ‘validate’ chosen disease events, by photographing key documents and ascertaining disease subtypes. For diseases selected for further adjudication, medical specialists in China are given access to an internet based Case Adjudication System for clinical Events (i-CASE). The information captured by PVD is presented in i-CASE according to pre-specified clinical and procedural criteria.
At least 5% of all of data undergoes quality control assessments at both validation and adjudication stages in the UK.
ResultsDiseases causing the greatest burden in China (Cancer, Diabetes, COPD, Stroke and IHD) have all been standardised and subsequently validated using the PVD where appropriate. To date, we have retrieved over 45,000 hospital records through the PVD and, more recently, over 32,000 IHD and Stroke cases have been adjudicated through the i-CASE system.
Outcomes are categorised as ‘confirmed’, ‘re-classified’, ‘sub-typed’ or ‘refuted’ and are integrated back into the study dataset for future analysis, along with additional data gathered from the notes.
ConclusionThe study provides a uniquely rich and powerful resource for investigating environmental and genetic determinants of chronic disease in the Chinese population. By treating disease types on a case-by-case basis we can both confirm their accuracy, and to link more precise clinical phenotypes to emerging data types, such as genetic and omics data. These innovations in disease validation and adjudication will enable the study to reach new insights into the aetiology of chronic disease to improve the health of the population in China and elsewhere.
An International Cross-cohort Harmonization and Data Integration Initiative towards Achieving Statistical Power and Meaningful Results
Authors: Flanagan Tanya , Fortier Isabel , Fon Sing Mélanie , Moore Celine 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe complex interaction between lifestyle, behaviours, genetic factors and the social and physical environment have a fundamental role in modulating risk and/ or progression of health outcomes, especially cancer. To address this complexity, access to large-scale cohorts involving hundreds of thousands of participants and collecting comprehensive and valuable information are required. In the real world however, attaining adequate statistical power presents a major challenge.
Retrospective data harmonization and integration across multiple cohort studies has been shown to be an effective analytical approach to attaining statistical power, with the potential to support population health research and policy related questions and improve our understanding of the complex factors affecting health outcomes.
ApproachLarge cohorts, with at least 50,000 participants, initiated in countries all over the world, focused on innovative research on cancer and other chronic diseases were invited to participate in this retrospective data harmonization initiative. Cohorts shared their comprehensive metadata related to their study content and design. Almost 150 variables, selected for their relevance to be part of a generic set of information useful for a broad range of research question, were assessed for their harmonization potential and made available on an online searchable study catalogue. Lastly, a proof of concept research question on the retrospective harmonized data was conducted and aimed to investigate methods to analyze individual patient data from multiple studies by studying the determinants associated with age at menopause.
ResultsEight cohorts from multiple countries shared their comprehensive metadata related to their study content and design, resulting in over 2 million study participants. Of the 150 potential variables, the majority of them were harmonizable for co-analysis. The proof of concept research question, applied to these variables generated interesting results, widely supported by other research on this topic, found in the literature. This work demonstrates the value of retrospective data harmonization and integration to be an effective analytical approach to attaining statistical power.
The searchable study catalogue, available online for researchers to use in their own international research projects offers a new innovative tool for potential co-analysis of similar measures collected by separate cohort studies.
ConclusionRetrospective harmonization offers an innovative approach to optimize use of existing research data with increased statistical power.
Reusable, set-based selection algorithm for matched control groups
Authors: Thayer Daniel , Gregory John W , Kosnes Liv , Berridge Damon , Heaven Martin L , Ford David V , Lloyd Keith , John Ann 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
AimsThe wealth of data available in linked administrative datasets offers great potential for research, but researchers face methodological and computational challenges in data preparation, due to the size and complexity of the data. The creation of matched control groups in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank illustrates this point: SAIL contains multiple health datasets describing millions of individuals in Wales. The volume of data creates the potential for more precise matching, but only if an appropriate algorithm can be applied. We aimed to create such an algorithm for reuse by many research projects.
MethodsWe developed set-based code in SQL that efficiently selects matches from millions of potential combinations in a relational database environment. It is parameterized to allow different matching criteria to be employed as needed, including follow-up time around an index event. A combinatorial optimisation problem occurs when a potential control could match more than one subject, which we solved by ranking potential match pairs first by subject with the fewest potential matches, then by closeness of the match.
ResultsOne example of the algorithm’s use was the Suicide Information Database Cymru, an electronic case-control study on suicide in Wales between 2003 and 2011. Subjects who had a cause of death recorded as self-harm were each matched to twenty controls who were alive at the subject’s date of death and had the same gender and similar birth week. The rate of matching success was >99.9%, with all subjects but one matching the full twenty controls. >99.99% of the matched controls had a week of birth that was identical to the subject. The second example was a matched cohort study looking at hospital admissions and type 1 diabetes, using the Brecon register of childhood diabetes in Wales, with matching based on week of birth within two weeks, gender, county of residence, deprivation quintile, and residence in Wales at time of diagnosis. This study had a matching rate of 98.9%; 97.5% of subjects matched to five controls, and 69.8% of matches had the same week of birth.
ConclusionsThis algorithm provides good matching performance while executing efficiently and scalably on large datasets. Its implementation as reusable code will facilitate more efficient, high-quality research in SAIL. Instead of spending many hours developing a custom solution, analysts can execute parameterized code in a few minutes. We hope it to be useful more widely beyond SAIL as well.
As metas do Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024) para a Educação Básica: um estudo preliminar da região dos cerrados do centro-norte do Brasil
Authors: Leite Sandra Fernandes , Palmen Sueli Helena De Camargo 
Published: April 2017

Esse artigo apresenta um mapeamento do PNE - Plano Nacional de Educação (Lei nº 13.005/ 2014) sobre as metas: 01, 02, 03, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12 e 15, ou seja, relacionadas à Educação Básica e focando especificamente no Centro-Norte do Brasil, uma região que recobre parcialmente os estados do Maranhão (Sul), Tocantins (Leste), Piauí (Sul) e Bahia (Oeste) e onde estão surgindo novos polos de expansão da agricultura brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar um conjunto de metas do PNE para a região dos cerrados do Centro-Norte do Brasil para estabelecer um quadro do andamento do PNE na região e estabelecer uma abordagem preliminar de relação entre a educação e o desenvolvimento da região. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental pautada nos dados do Plano Nacional de Educação focalizando as metas relacionadas à Educação Básica. Como recorte de estudo, em cada sub-região dos cerrados do Centro-Norte do Brasil foram selecionados seis municípios para levantamento dos indicadores educacionais, sendo três municípios que apresentam impacto das atividades do agronegócio na economia local e que se constituem em centralidade urbana e com economia agropecuária no contexto regional e três municípios que, embora dentro da região de influência do agronegócio, tiveram pouco ou nenhum impacto nas dinâmicas econômicas municipais. Esta pesquisa assume que essas metas do PNE ao estabelecerem as diretrizes, as metas e as estratégias para a educação nacional, possuem impacto direto no projeto de desenvolvimento regional e na melhoria da qualidade de vida da população do Centro-Norte do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Plano Nacional de Educação. Educação Básica. Indicadores Educacionais.
O PROEJA e o processo de implantação pedagógica no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão
Authors: Coutinho Suzana Andréia Santos , Moraes Lélia Cristina Silveira de 
Published: April 2017

Este artigo aborda a implantação do PROEJA – Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, na sua condição de política educacional no contexto do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão - IFMA, Campus Maracanã. Para a realização deste estudo, utilizamos o Documento Base Nacional do PROEJA, bem como autores que tratam da EJA e a proposta pedagógica do IFMA. A pesquisa em análise é de cunho qualitativo, abrangeu as coordenadoras pedagógicas, uma geral e outra do curso técnico em Agropecuária-PROEJA e professores, com o objetivo de compreendermos as percepções destes sujeitos em relação ao processo de implantação do programa, na sua dimensão pedagógica. O PROEJA é um programa educacional que se encontra fundamentado nos princípios educativos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e apresenta em sua proposta curricular a integração entre trabalho, educação, ciência e tecnologia, com o objetivo de contribuir para o enriquecimento científico, cultural, político e profissional do aluno. Fundamentamo-nos em BRASIL (2005), BRASIL (2007), FREIRE (1996), IFMA (2010), PAIVA (1973), PAIVA (1987), dentre outros. O estudo nos revelou que a implantação do PROEJA no contexto do IFMA Campus Maracanã foi de extrema importância por possibilitar aos jovens e adultos uma formação geral aliada à formação profissional, além do compromisso e responsabilidade que a instituição tem com o programa e sua expansão, apesar da fragilidade demonstrada pela maioria dos sujeitos pesquisados em relação a essa compreensão. Palavras-chave: PROEJA. Formação Profissional. Formação Geral.
O Programa Bolsa Família no Município de Elói de Souza/RN: a condicionalidade relativa à frequência escolar contribui para a permanência dos estudantes?
Authors: Lima Jane Soares Saturnino de , Sousa Andreia Da Silva Quintanilha 
Published: April 2017

Este artigo buscou refletir sobre o Programa Bolsa Família – PBF e as contribuições de suas condicionalidades, abordando a questão da frequência escolar na perspectiva de favorecer a permanência dos estudantes usuários do PBF. Tendo como realidade empírica a Escola Municipal Euclides Lins, zona rural, em Senador Elói de Souza/RN, cuja amostra é composta pelos estudantes matriculados no ensino fundamental II – 6º ao 9ª – no período de 2014 a 2015. Os resultados encontrados revelam que, no período estudado, o total de usuários do PBF matriculados era de 83% em 2014 e 77,5% em 2015, com uma média de frequência acima de 95% nos dois anos, apresentando uma taxa média de evasão de 2%. Assim, no tocante às condicionalidades de frequência escolar, a pesquisa revelou que o programa tem contribuído para elevar as taxas de matrículas, uma vez que a escola apresentou uma população estudantil composta por uma maioria de usuários do PBF. Todavia, cabe salientar a necessidade de integração com outros programas que apontem para a promoção de direitos e que construam as condições para sua emancipação. Palavras-chave: Bolsa Família. Educação. Frequência Escolar e Evasão.
The use of soil pollen to determine the sex of overhead individuals of a temperate dioecious shrub
Authors: Sugiyama Anna , Shichi Koji , Masaki Takashi , Hubbell Stephen P. 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:In dioecious species, determining the sex of individual plants from one‐time phenological observations is rarely feasible when some individuals capable of reproducing are not flowering or fruiting at the time of observation. Currently, sexing those individuals requires long‐term phenological data on individuals and populations, but such data are rarely available or feasible to collect. We tested the hypothesis that differences in soil pollen concentrations beneath the crowns of female and male plants would exist and be sufficient to reliably determine the sex of the individual plant overhead in a dioecious species. We predicted that soil pollen concentrations beneath male plants would be significantly higher than beneath female plants because only males produce pollen and pollen should accumulate in the soil underneath the male plants over repeated flowering events.METHODS:We collected samples from surface soil under both sexes of the insect‐pollinated dioecious shrub, Aucuba japonica (Garryaceae).KEY RESULTS:Pollen grains were present in surface soil in both Oe and A horizons, and mean pollen concentration under males was significantly higher than under females. Pollen concentrations beneath males were positively correlated with male plant height, potentially reflecting greater pollen production by larger individuals.CONCLUSIONS:Considering the small plant size and relatively low pollen production of A. japonica, this method may hold promise for sexing other dioecious species in the absence of direct phenological data. Our phenology‐free and relatively low‐cost method for sexing dioecious plants may be especially useful in tropical forests where many species are dioecious.
Extending the fossil record of Polytrichaceae: Early Cretaceous Meantoinea alophosioides gen. et sp. nov., permineralized gametophytes with gemma cups from Vancouver Island
Authors: Bippus Alexander C. , Stockey Ruth A. , Rothwell Gar W. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Diverse in modern ecosystems, mosses are dramatically underrepresented in the fossil record. Furthermore, most pre‐Cenozoic mosses are known only from compression fossils, lacking detailed anatomical information. When preserved, anatomy vastly improves resolution in the systematic placement of fossils. Lower Cretaceous deposits at Apple Bay (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada) contain a diverse anatomically preserved flora that includes numerous bryophytes, many of which have yet to be characterized. Among them is a polytrichaceous moss that is described here.METHODS:Fossil moss gametophytes preserved in four carbonate concretions were studied in serial sections prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique.KEY RESULTS:We describe Meantoinea alophosioides gen. et sp. nov., a polytrichaceous moss with terminal gemma cups containing stalked, lenticular gemmae. Leaves with characteristic costal anatomy, differentiated into sheathing base and free lamina and bearing photosynthetic lamellae, along with a conducting strand in the stem, place Meantoinea in family Polytrichaceae. The bistratose leaf lamina with an adaxial layer of mamillose cells, short photosynthetic lamellae restricted to the costa, and presence of gemma cups indicate affinities with basal members of the Polytrichaceae, such as Lyellia, Bartramiopsis, and Alophosia.CONCLUSIONS:Meantoinea alophosioides enriches the documented moss diversity of an already‐diverse Early Cretaceous plant fossil assemblage. This is the third moss described from the Apple Bay plant fossil assemblage and represents the first occurrence of gemma cups in a fossil moss. It is also the oldest unequivocal record of Polytrichaceae, providing a hard minimum age for the group of 136 million years.
High-redshift Blazars through NuSTAR Eyes
Authors: Marcotulli L. , Paliya V. S. , Ajello M. , Kaur A. , Hartmann D. H. , Gasparrini D. , Greiner J. , Rau A. , Schady P. , Baloković M. , Stern D. , Madejski G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The most powerful sources among the blazar family are MeV blazars. Often detected at z > 2, they usually display high X- and γ-ray luminosities, larger-than-average jet powers, and black hole masses ≳109
M
☉. In the present work, we perform a multiwavelength study of three high-redshift blazars: 3FGL J0325.5+2223 (z = 2.06), 3FGL J0449.0+1121 (z = 2.15), and 3FGL J0453.2−2808 (z = 2.56), analyzing quasi-simultaneous data from GROND, Swift-UVOT and XRT, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), and Fermi-LAT. Our main focus is on the hard X-ray band recently unveiled by NuSTAR (3–79 keV) where these objects show a hard spectrum that enables us to constrain the inverse Compton (IC) peak and the jet power. We found that all three targets resemble the most powerful blazars, with the synchrotron peak located in the submillimeter range and the IC peak in the MeV range, and therefore belong to the MeV blazar class. Using a simple one-zone leptonic emission model to reproduce the spectral energy distributions, we conclude that a simple combination of synchrotron and accretion disk emission reproduces the infrared–optical spectra, while the X-ray to γ-ray part is well reproduced by the IC scattering of low-energy photons supplied by the broad-line region. The black hole masses for each of the three sources are calculated to be ≳4 × 108
M
☉. The three studied sources have jet power at the level of, or beyond, the accretion luminosity.
Kepler-11 is a Solar Twin: Revising the Masses and Radii of Benchmark Planets via Precise Stellar Characterization
Authors: Bedell Megan , Bean Jacob L. , Meléndez Jorge , Mills Sean M. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Freitas Fabrício C. , Ramírez Ivan , Asplund Martin , Liu Fan , Yong David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The six planets of the Kepler-11 system are the archetypal example of a population of surprisingly low-density transiting planets revealed by the Kepler mission. We have determined the fundamental parameters and chemical composition of the Kepler-11 host star to unprecedented precision using an extremely high-quality spectrum from Keck-HIRES (R ≃ 67,000, S/N per pixel

at 600 nm). Contrary to previously published results, our spectroscopic constraints indicate that Kepler-11 is a young main-sequence solar twin. The revised stellar parameters and new analysis raise the densities of the Kepler-11 planets by between 20% and 95% per planet, making them more typical of the emerging class of “puffy” close-in exoplanets. We obtain photospheric abundances of 22 elements and find that Kepler-11 has an abundance pattern similar to that of the Sun with a slightly higher overall metallicity. We additionally analyze the Kepler light curves using a photodynamical model and discuss the tension between spectroscopic and transit/TTV-based estimates of stellar density.