bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Brief, Multifaceted, Generic Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control and Reduce Disparities Had Little Effect
Authors: Kressin Nancy R. , Long Judith A. , Glickman Mark E. , Bokhour Barbara G. , Orner Michelle B. , Clark Christine , Rothendler James A. , Berlowitz Dan R. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Background</strong>. Poor blood pressure (BP) control and racial disparities therein may be a function of clinical inertia and ineffective communication about BP care.</p><p><strong>Methods. </strong>We compared two different interventions (electronic medical record reminder for BP care (Reminder only [RO]), and clinician training on BP care-related communication skills plus the reminder (Reminder + Training, [R+T]) with usual care in three primary care clinics, examining BP outcomes among 8,866 patients, and provider-patient communication and medication adherence among a subsample of 793.</p><p><strong>Results. </strong>Clinician counseling improved most at R+T. BP improved overall; R+T had a small but significantly greater reduction in diastolic BP (DBP; -1.7 mm Hg). White patients at RO experienced greater overall improvements in BP control. Site and race disparities trends suggested that disparities decreased at R+T, either stayed the same or decreased at Control; and stayed the same or increased at RO. </p><p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>More substantial or racial/ethnically tailored interventions are needed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):27-36; doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.27</p>
Use of Google Street View to Assess Environmental Contributions to Pedestrian Injury
Authors: Mooney Stephen J. , DiMaggio Charles J. , Lovasi Gina S. , Neckerman Kathryn M. , Bader Michael D. M. , Teitler Julien O. , Sheehan Daniel M. , Jack Darby W. , Rundle Andrew G. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To demonstrate an information technology–based approach to assess characteristics of streets and intersections associated with injuries that is less costly and time-consuming than location-based studies of pedestrian injury. Methods. We used imagery captured by Google Street View from 2007 to 2011 to assess 9 characteristics of 532 intersections within New York City. We controlled for estimated pedestrian count and estimated the relation between intersections’ characteristics and frequency of injurious collisions. Results. The count of pedestrian injuries at intersections was associated with the presence of marked crosswalks (80% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2%, 218%), pedestrian signals (156% increase; 95% CI = 69%, 259%), nearby billboards (42% increase; 95% CI = 7%, 90%), and bus stops (120% increase; 95% CI = 51%, 220%). Injury incidence per pedestrian was lower at intersections with higher estimated pedestrian volumes. Conclusions. Consistent with in-person study observations, the information-technology approach found traffic islands, visual advertising, bus stops, and crosswalk infrastructures to be associated with elevated counts of pedestrian injury in New York City. Virtual site visits for pedestrian injury control studies are a viable and informative methodology.
Young People and HIV: A Call to Action
Authors: Koenig Linda J. , Hoyer Deborah , Purcell David W. , Zaza Stephanie , Mermin Jonathan 
Published: January 2016

HIV is having a significant impact on young people, among whom the rate of new diagnoses is high and health disparities are more pronounced. Incidence is increasing among young gay and bisexual men, and, among Black males, the largest percentage of new infections occur among those aged between 13 and 24 years. Youths are least likely to experience the health and prevention benefits of treatment. Nearly half of young people with HIV are not diagnosed; among those diagnosed, nearly a quarter are not linked to care, and three quarters are not virally suppressed. Addressing this burden will require renewed efforts to implement effective prevention strategies across multiple sectors, including educational, social, policy, and health care systems that influence prevention knowledge, service use, and treatment options for youths.
Ethical Rationale for the Ebola “Ring Vaccination” Trial Design
Authors: Rid Annette , Miller Franklin G. 
Published: January 2016

The 2014 Ebola virus epidemic is the largest and most severe ever recorded. With no approved vaccines or specific treatments for Ebola, clinical trials were launched within months of the epidemic in an unprecedented show of global partnership. One of these trials used a highly innovative “ring vaccination” design. The design was chosen for operational, scientific, and ethical reasons—in particular, it was regarded as ethically superior to individually randomized placebo-controlled trials. We scrutinize the ethical rationale for the ring vaccination design. We argue that the ring vaccination design is ethical but fundamentally equivalent to placebo-controlled designs with respect to withholding a potentially effective intervention from the control group. We discuss the implications for the ongoing ring vaccination trial and future research.
A Four-Phase Chemical/Gas Model in an Implicit-Pressure/Explicit-Concentration Reservoir Simulator
Authors: Lashgari Hamid R. , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Delshad Mojdeh 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis study describes a general four-phase model developed for gas/oil/water/microemulsion (ME) coexisting at local equilibrium. The original framework of a chemical reservoir simulator is used to implement the model. This model represents a new method to couple the black-oil model with surfactant-phase behavior [i.e., the Hand (1939) rule]. The Hand (1939) rule is used to capture the equilibrium among surfactant, oil, and water species as a function of salinity and species concentrations for oil/water/ME phases. The interphase-mass transfer between gas/oil in the presence of the ME phase is calculated at the equilibrium between phases. For this purpose, a new volume-balance equation is derived to consider the pressure equation for compressible and real mixing in such a model. Hence, the pressure equation is derived by extending the black-oil model to a pseudocompositional model for a wide range of components (water, oil, surfactant, polymer, anion, cation, alcohol, and gas). Mass-balance equations are then solved for the components to calculate the concentration. Finally, we implemented the coupled surfactant and black-oil phase-behavior models and the fluid-flow formulations in an implicit-pressure/explicit-concentration (IMPEC) chemical-flooding simulator: UTCHEM (2011) four-phase.The results were verified against existing reservoir simulators for two different three-phase test cases comprising gas/oil/water and oil/water/ME. Then, the performance of the model in the presence of four phases was tested and validated against coreflood experimental data. The results showed that the new phase behavior and the fluid-flow equations are consistent with three-phase reservoir simulators for the case studies.In addition, the findings of this work can be used to model and capture the mechanisms behind processes such as micellar slug foam and alkaline and surfactant flooding into saturated (gas cap) reservoirs as well as alternating or coinjection of surfactant and gas processes. Modeling of such processes is far from satisfactory in existing phase behavior and fluid-flow simulators.
Effect of Carbodiimide on Bonding Durability of Adhesive-cemented Fiber Posts in Root Canals
Authors: Shafiei F , Yousefipour B , Mohammadi-Bassir M 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARY
This study was undertaken to investigate whether using a protein cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), improves bonding stability of fiber posts to root dentin using three resin cements. Sixty human maxillary central incisor roots were randomly divided into six groups after endodontic treatment, according to the cements used with and without EDC pretreatment. In the etch-and-rinse group, 0.3 M EDC aqueous solution was applied on acid-etched root dentin prior to Excite DSC/Variolink II for post cementation. In the self-etch and self-adhesive groups, EDC was used on EDTA-conditioned root space prior to application of ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0 and Clearfil SA, respectively. After microslicing the root dentin, a push-out bond strength (BS) test was performed immediately or after one-year of water storage for each group. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). A significant effect of cement type, time, EDC, and Time × Cement and Time × EDC interactions were observed (p≤0.001). EDC pretreatment did not affect immediate bonding of the three cements (p&gt;0.05). Aging significantly reduced the BS in all the groups (p≤0.001), but EDC groups exhibited a higher BS compared with the respective control groups (p&lt;0.001). Despite the significant effect of aging on decreasing the BS of fiber post to radicular dentin, EDC could diminish this effect for the three tested cements.
Clinical Performance of Composite Restorations with Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Lining in Root Surface Carious Lesions
Authors: Koc Vural U , Gökalp S , Kiremitci A 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARY
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations in root surface carious lesions with or without resin-modified glass ionomer lining.
Methods and Materials: The sample consisted of 25 female and 14 male patients. A maximum of four lesions were included for each patient. After caries removal, the depth, length, and width of the cavity were measured. Lesions in the same patient were randomly divided into two groups, and the dentin surfaces were either lined with resin-modified glass ionomer liner (Glass Liner II) or left as they were. Self-etch adhesive (All Bond SE) was applied and cured for 20 seconds. All cavities were restored with nanohybrid anterior composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic). Two experienced clinicians evaluated the marginal adaptation (retention) rate, anatomic form, secondary caries, sensitivity, and marginal staining of restorations at the end of the first week and at six, 12, and 18 months posttreatment. The data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square and two-way repeated measures tests.
Results: At the end of 18 months, a total of five lined and three unlined restorations were lost. There was no significant relationship between marginal adaptation and cavity lining at six, 12, and 18 months (p&gt;0.05). Although marginal stainings of restorations were mostly localized, the total number of localized or generalized discolored restorations increased with time (p&lt;0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between marginal staining and smoking (p&gt;0.05). There was no significant relationship between marginal staining and frequency of toothbrushing at six, 12, and 18 months (p=0.286, p=0.098, and p=0.408, respectively).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both restorative applications were accepted as clinically appropriate.
Binary Classification of Heart Failures Using k-NN with Various Distance Metrics
Authors: Udovychenko Yevhenii , Popov Anton , Chaikovsky Illya 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Magnetocardiography is a sensitive technique of measuring low magnetic fields generated by heart functioning, which is used for diagnostics of large number of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN)technique is used for binary classification of myocardium current density distribution maps (CDDM)from patients with negative T-peak, male and female patients with microvessels (diffuse) abnormalities and sportsmen, which are compared with normal control subjects. Number of neighbors for k-NN classifier was selected to obtain highest classification characteristics. Specificity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity of classification as functions of number of neighbors in k-NN are obtained for classification with several distance measures: Mahalanobis, Cityblock, Eucleadian and Chebyshev. Increase of the accuracy of classification for all groups up to 10% was obtained usingCityblock distance metric in binary k-NN classifier with 19 - 27 neighbors, comparing to other metrics. Obtained results are acceptable for further patient’s state evaluation.
Analysis of the Possibilities for Using a Uniform Bragg Grating in a Tunable Dispersion Compensator
Authors: Wójcik Waldemar , Kisała Piotr , Yussupova Gulbahar , Kussambayeva Nazym , Kashaganova Gulzhan , Harasim Damian 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article presents a tunable fibre optic dispersion compensator system, consisting of a specially designed cantilever beam and a uniform Bragg grating. It analyses the group delay and dispersion characteristics in the case that there is no apodization of the grating and also for a grating with apodization used for modulation of the refractive index. Various apodization parameters were tested, along with their effects on the dispersion characteristics of the entire system properties. It is demonstrated in the paper that the apodization parameter affects the compensator’s group delay characteristic. The finite elements method was used to design a compensator of such a shape that enabled chirp to be induced in a grating of a specified shape. A new design is presented for the system, in which the dispersion properties are tuned by the maximum value of the heterogeneous deformation of the compensator. The paper also includes results showing the effect of the maximum value of heterogeneous stress of the grating on the dispersion characteristics of the proposed construction.
Separate Legal Entity of Corporation: The Corporate Veil
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Rehman Zahoor 
Published: January 2016

The concept of separate legal entity is 500 years old and it means that the corporation is separate in all spheres of its activities. It is separate from its owner, from its employees and due to this separation between the corporation and an individual the shareholders’ liability is also limited. A corporation is established through four different ways i.e. continuity, self-governance, identification persona, and specification of assets. The personhood of a corporation is evolved with the passage of time through different court judgments in which Salomon case plays the role of corner stone. The corporation can own, sell and buy property in its name. The corporation can sue and be sued in the court of law as a legal person. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 1-4
Chemical and microbial qualities of morning and evening milk collected from selected dairy farms in Chittagong City of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter S , Galib MAA , Kabir H , Nath SK , Afrin K , Sarker MS 
Published: January 2016

This study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological qualities of raw milk in the Chittagong City. Eighty samples of raw milk of cow were collected in the morning and evening from the surrounding farms of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. The results of compositional analysis evolved that fat, SNF, protein, lactose, specific gravity, freezing point and mineral were (3.94±0.22%), (7.91±0.17%), (3.11±0.08%), (4.32±0.10%), (1.026±0.00), (-0.46±0.007), (0.68±0.01%), respectively. The fat% of evening milk was significantly higher (p0.001) than morning milk. Rest of the parameters were not significant. Microbiological enumeration revealed for the counts of total viable bacteria (cfu/ml) and coliform (cfu/ml) were 730500±639 and 280±1.36 in the morning milk and 628625±566 and 326±1.84 in the evening milk, respectively. The results of the current study indicated that the nutritional quality of evening raw milk was higher than in the morning raw milk.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):171-175
Le livre de chevet au prisme du genre
Authors: Lévy Clara 
Published: January 2016

Ce texte propose une analyse des modalités d’élection puis d’usages de leur livre de chevet par les lectrices et les lecteurs. Autour du livre préféré s’organise une série de pratiques genrées, d’abord dans le choix de l’ouvrage préféré, puis dans l’acceptation ou le contrôle des émotions dues à la lecture. Enfin, l’identification aux personnages principaux du livre de chevet concerne, pour un personnage du même genre que soi, à la fois des lectrices et des lecteurs – alors que la transgression identificatoire de genre concerne plutôt les lectrices que les lecteurs.
Les villages ont‑ils des mentalités ?Une approche comparative dans les Hautes‑Corbières viticoles
Authors: Guille‑Escuret Georges 
Published: January 2016

Envisagée sur de vastes ensembles sociaux, la contestation de la notion de mentalité par Geoffrey Lloyd s’acheva sur une ouverture méthodologique qu’il revient à une sociologie comparative de tester à petite échelle. Cette tentative est esquissée ici à travers l’examen de « mentalités villageoises » vivement ressenties voici trente‑cinq ans dans trois communes des Hautes‑Corbières audoises. L’objectif n’est pas de se rapprocher d’une définition théorique de la notion, mais de chercher à quelles conditions son utilisation cesserait d’autoriser toutes sortes de confusions pour devenir contrôlable de différents points de vue scientifiques, dans la mesure où renoncer totalement à son emploi équivaut souvent à abandonner des thèmes de recherche importants.
A Bibliometric Study of Postgraduate Theses in Library and Information Science: with special reference to University of Kelaniya and University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Angammana A. M. S , Jayatissa L. A. 
Published: January 2016

Bibliometric analysis is used by an increasing number of researchers in the field of Library and Information Sciences (LIS). University libraries, which spend large amounts of fund annually to acquire information sources, face enormous problems related to the selection and the weeding out of publications. To minimize or overcome these problems, bibliometric studies are often used by librarians. The objective of the study is to ascertain bibliometric features visible in the field of Library and Information Sciences. For this purpose, 50 theses submitted for the Master of LIS degree (MLS) of the University of Colombo and 20 theses submitted for the Master of Social Science in LIS (MSSc) of the University of Kelaniya were analyzed. From those 70 theses, a total of 4,901 citations were extracted using the lists of references and bibliographies provided as the main source of primary data. These citations were cross classified and tabulated according to a number of variables. It was revealed that books were the most heavily used source material, accounting for 39% of citations, while journals category coming next with 34% of citations. Most heavily used book was the “Organizational Behavior” by Robbins, (2001). “College and Research Libraries” is found to be the most heavily used journal. Within the span of 11 year study period, 485 journals were cited. A total of 1, 664 citations originated from these journals. The journal “College and Research Libraries” ranks as the first in the core journals list with 66 citations. “Library news” which ranks the second place accounts for 52 citations. The mean half-life of all citations is almost 9 years, while the mean half-life for journals and books are 7 years and 13 years, respectively. Findings of the study are in conformity with the previously reported research findings, which also reports that books as the main source material for research studies in LIS fields. Journal of the University Librarians’ Association of Sri Lanka, Vol. 19, Issue 1, October 2015, Page 32-53
Galectin-1 Couples Glycobiology to Inflammation in Osteoarthritis through the Activation of an NF-κB–Regulated Gene Network
Authors: Toegel Stefan , Weinmann Daniela , André Sabine , Walzer Sonja M. , Bilban Martin , Schmidt Sebastian , Chiari Catharina , Windhager Reinhard , Krall Christoph , Bennani-Baiti Idriss M. , Gabius Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that ranks among the leading causes of adult disability. Mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis pathogenesis are not yet fully elucidated, putting limits to current disease management and treatment. Based on the phenomenological evidence for dysregulation within the glycome of chondrocytes and the network of a family of adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins, that is, galectins, we tested the hypothesis that Galectin-1 is relevant for causing degeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis substantiated that Galectin-1 upregulation is associated with osteoarthritic cartilage and subchondral bone histopathology and severity of degeneration (p &lt; 0.0001, n = 29 patients). In vitro, the lectin was secreted and it bound to osteoarthritic chondrocytes inhibitable by cognate sugar. Glycan-dependent Galectin-1 binding induced a set of disease markers, including matrix metalloproteinases and activated NF-κB, hereby switching on an inflammatory gene signature (p &lt; 10−16). Inhibition of distinct components of the NF-κB pathway using dedicated inhibitors led to dose-dependent impairment of Galectin-1–mediated transcriptional activation. Enhanced secretion of effectors of degeneration such as three matrix metalloproteinases underscores the data’s pathophysiological relevance. This study thus identifies Galectin-1 as a master regulator of clinically relevant inflammatory-response genes, working via NF-κB. Because inflammation is critical to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, this report reveals an intimate relation of glycobiology to osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration.
Cutting Edge: Eomesodermin Is Sufficient To Direct Type 1 Innate Lymphocyte Development into the Conventional NK Lineage
Authors: Pikovskaya Olga , Chaix Julie , Rothman Nyanza J. , Collins Amélie , Chen Yen-Hua , Scipioni Anna M. , Vivier Eric , Reiner Steven L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Type 1 innate lymphocytes comprise two developmentally divergent lineages, type 1 helper innate lymphoid cells (hILC1s) and conventional NK cells (cNKs). All type 1 innate lymphocytes (ILCs) express the transcription factor T-bet, but cNKs additionally express Eomesodermin (Eomes). We show that deletion of Eomes alleles at the onset of type 1 ILC maturation using NKp46-Cre imposes a substantial block in cNK development. Formation of the entire lymphoid and nonlymphoid type 1 ILC compartment appears to require the semiredundant action of both T-bet and Eomes. To determine if Eomes is sufficient to redirect hILC1 development to a cNK fate, we generated transgenic mice that express Eomes when and where T-bet is expressed using Tbx21 locus control to drive expression of Eomes codons. Ectopic Eomes induces cNK-like properties across the lymphoid and nonlymphoid type 1 ILC compartments. Subsequent to their divergent lineage specification, hILC1s and cNKs thus possess substantial developmental plasticity.