bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NONPOTENTIALITY OF CORONAE OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS, THE DYNAMICS OF THE SURFACE MAGNETIC FIELD, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR LARGE FLARES
Authors: Schrijver Carolus J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Flares and eruptions from solar active regions (ARs) are associated with atmospheric electrical currents accompanying distortions of the coronal field away from a lowest-energy potential state. In order to better understand the origin of these currents and their role in M- and X-class flares, I review all AR observations made with Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly from 2010 May through 2014 October within ≈40° from the disk center. I select the roughly 4% of all regions that display a distinctly nonpotential coronal configuration in loops with a length comparable to the scale of the AR, and all that emit GOES X-class flares. The data for 41 regions confirm, with a single exception, that strong-field, high-gradient polarity inversion lines (SHILs) created during emergence of magnetic flux into, and related displacement within, pre-existing ARs are associated with X-class flares. Obvious nonpotentiality in the AR-scale loops occurs in six of ten selected regions with X-class flares, all with relatively long SHILs along their primary polarity inversion line, or with a long internal filament there. Nonpotentiality can exist in ARs well past the flux-emergence phase, often with reduced or absent flaring. I conclude that the dynamics of the flux involved in the compact SHILs is of pre-eminent importance for the large-flare potential of ARs within the next day, but that their associated currents may not reveal themselves in AR-scale nonpotentiality. In contrast, AR-scale nonpotentiality, which can persist for many days, may inform us about the eruption potential other than those from SHILs which is almost never associated with X-class flaring.
THE ECCENTRICITY DISTRIBUTION OF SHORT-PERIOD PLANET CANDIDATES DETECTED BY KEPLER IN OCCULTATION
Authors: Shabram Megan , Demory Brice-Olivier , Cisewski Jessi , Ford Eric B. , Rogers Leslie 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We characterize the eccentricity distribution of a sample of ∼50 short-period planet candidates using transit and occultation measurements from NASA’s Kepler Mission. First, we evaluate the sensitivity of our hierarchical Bayesian modeling and test its robustness to model misspecification using simulated data. When analyzing actual data assuming a Rayleigh distribution for eccentricity, we find that the posterior mode for the dispersion parameter is

. We find that a two-component Gaussian mixture model for e cos ω and e sin ω provides a better model than either a Rayleigh or Beta distribution. Based on our favored model, we find that ∼90% of planet candidates in our sample come from a population with an eccentricity distribution characterized by a small dispersion (∼0.01), and ∼10% come from a population with a larger dispersion (∼0.22). Finally, we investigate how the eccentricity distribution correlates with selected planet and host star parameters. We find evidence that suggests systems around higher metallicity stars and planet candidates with smaller radii come from a more complex eccentricity distribution.
DUST ATTENUATION OF THE NEBULAR REGIONS OF z ∼ 2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: INSIGHT FROM UV, IR, AND EMISSION LINES
Authors: De Barros S. , Reddy N. , Shivaei I. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 149 spectroscopically confirmed UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 2 to investigate the relative dust attenuation of the stellar continuum and the nebular emission lines. For each galaxy in the sample, at least one rest-frame optical emission line (Hα/[N ii] λ6583 or [O iii] λ5007) measurement has been taken from the litterature, and 41 galaxies have additional Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm observations that are used to infer infrared luminosities. We use a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code that predicts nebular line strengths when fitting the stellar populations of galaxies in our sample, and we perform comparisons between the predictions of our models and the observed/derived physical quantities. We find that on average our code is able to reproduce all the physical quantities (e.g., UV β slopes, infrared luminosities, emission line fluxes), but we need to apply a higher dust correction to the nebular emission compared to the stellar emission for the largest star formation rate (SFR) (log SFR/M
⊙ yr−1 > 1.82, Salpeter initial mass function). We find a correlation between SFR and the difference in nebular and stellar color excesses, which could resolve the discrepant results regarding nebular dust correction at z ∼ 2 from previous studies.
DYNAMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A LATE FORMATION OF SATURN’S MOONS
Authors: Ćuk Matija , Dones Luke , Nesvorný David 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the past evolution of Saturn’s moons using direct numerical integrations. We find that the past Tethys–Dione 3:2 orbital resonance predicted in standard models likely did not occur, implying that the system is less evolved than previously thought. On the other hand, the orbital inclinations of Tethys, Dione, and Rhea suggest that the system did cross the Dione–Rhea 5:3 resonance, which is closely followed by a Tethys–Dione secular resonance. A clear implication is that either the moons are significantly younger than the planet or their tidal evolution must be extremely slow (Q > 80,000). As an extremely slow evolving system is incompatible with intense tidal heating of Enceladus, we conclude that the moons interior to Titan are not primordial, and we present a plausible scenario for the system’s recent formation. We propose that the midsized moons re-accreted from a disk about 100 Myr ago, during which time Titan acquired its significant orbital eccentricity. We speculate that this disk has formed through orbital instability and massive collisions involving the previous generation of Saturn’s midsized moons. We identify the solar evection resonance perturbing a pair of midsized moons as the most likely trigger of such an instability. This scenario implies that most craters on the moons interior to Titan must have been formed by planetocentric impactors.
YOUNG GALAXY CANDIDATES IN THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS. III. MACS J0717.5+3745
Authors: Laporte N. , Infante L. , Iribarren P. Troncoso , Zheng W. , Molino A. , Bauer F. E. , Bina D. , Broadhurst Tom , Chilingarian I. , Huang X. , Garcia S. , Kim S. , Marques-Chaves R. , Moustakas J. , Pelló R. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Shu X. , Streblyanska A. , Zitrin A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper we present the results of our search for and study of

z
≳
6

galaxy candidates behind the third Frontier Fields (FFs) cluster, MACS J0717.5+3745, and its parallel field, combining data from Hubble and Spitzer. We select 39 candidates using the Lyman break technique, for which the clear non-detection in optical make the extreme mid-z interlopers hypothesis unlikely. We also take benefit from

z
≳
6

samples selected using the previous FF data sets of Abell 2744 and MACS 0416 to improve the constraints on the properties of very high redshift objects. We compute the redshift and the physical properties such emission lines properties, star formation rate, reddening, and stellar mass for all FF objects from their spectral energy distribution using templates including nebular emission lines. We study the relationship between several physical properties and confirm the trend already observed in previous surveys for evolution of star formation rate with galaxy mass and between the size and the UV luminosity of our candidates. The analysis of the evolution of the UV luminosity function with redshift seems more compatible with an evolution of density. Moreover, no robust

z
≥
8.5

object is selected behind the cluster field and few

z
∼
9

candidates have been selected in the two previous data sets from this legacy survey, suggesting a strong evolution in the number density of galaxies between

z
∼
8

and 9. Thanks to the use of the lensing cluster, we study the evolution of the star formation rate density produced by galaxies with L > 0.03

L

⋆

, and confirm the strong decrease observed between

z
∼
8

and 9.
Institutionnaliser la reconnaissance
Authors: Lazzeri Christian 
Published: March 2016

Cet article propose une typologie des institutions politiques en rapport avec l’échange et la distribution des différentes formes de reconnaissance. Partant du fait que les mobilisations collectives et les conflits dans les sociétés contemporaines adressent des demandes de reconnaissance aux institutions sous la forme de demande de droits, de promotions, de certification, de nominations, ou de déclarations publiques multiples, cette typologie distingue trois catégories pures de pratiques institutionnelles : celles par lesquelles les institutions expriment des normes sociales de reconnaissance ; celles par lesquelles les institutions corrigent les « distorsions » dans l’échange de la distribution de reconnaissance et celles par lesquelles elles produisent directement de la reconnaissance sous la forme de l’estime publique. Ces catégories pures peuvent évidemment se combiner et, à travers l’étude de ces combinaisons, l’article « teste » la validité de chacune de ces pratiques complexes.
Ce qui amène les citoyens à coproduire dans les services d’activation : l’importance de la motivation et de la confiance – Enquête sur les biais de sélection dans un programme d’activation municipal aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Fledderus Joost , Honingh Marlies 
Published: March 2016

Les services d’activation (programmes actifs du marché du travail) axés sur le réembauchage des demandeurs d’emploi sont souvent victimes d’« écrémage », cette technique qui consiste à sélectionner ceux qui sont les mieux qualifiés pour réintégrer le marché du travail. Les nouveaux modes de prestation, comme la coproduction, sont censés être plus à l’abri des mécanismes de sélection. Afin de déterminer si les programmes d’activation coproduits sont victimes de biais de sélection, nous avons comparé les participants à un programme local d’activation innovant (n=60) aux non-participants (n=18). Les participants sont en général plus motivés et présentent des niveaux plus élevés de confiance généralisée, municipale et interpersonnelle. De plus, un niveau élevé de motivation générale correspond à un niveau élevé de confiance et de contrôle perçu. Cela veut dire qu’il existe bel et bien un biais de sélection au sein des programmes d’activation coproduits. Il n’est dès lors pas certain que la coproduction soit plus efficace que les types classiques de prestation de services pour faire face à l’écrémage. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les services publics, par exemple dans le domaine des politiques d’activation, sont de plus en plus offerts de telle manière à obliger les utilisateurs à faire davantage d’efforts et à prendre davantage de responsabilités. La présente étude démontre que ces exigences suscitent une sélection des utilisateurs. Les professionnels qui s’occupent de services coproduits doivent savoir que lorsqu’ils choisissent leurs clients, ils ont des chances de laisser de côté les personnes vulnérables. Plus précisément, lorsque la motivation intrinsèque est un critère de sélection important, ceux qui présentent des niveaux de confiance et de contrôle perçu insuffisants seront laissés de côté. Par conséquent, des stratégies qui peuvent paraître inclusives peuvent en réalité conduire à l’exclusion.
Mon cerveau est localisé dans mon encrier
Authors: Meyer-Krahmer Benjamin 
Published: March 2016

L’article porte sur la relation entre écriture et dessin dans les pratiques graphiques de C. S. Peirce. Les manuscrits de Peirce comportent environ cent mille pages qui présentent une spectaculaire variété de textes et figurations graphiques. Le caractère transdisciplinaire de sa réflexion se reflète dans l’emploi de graphismes qui vont de graphes de démonstrations logiques à des études topologiques, à des feuillets de calculs, à des représentations figurales. Les études peircéennes demeurent focalisées sur l’analyse des textes (traités au sens étroit d’une inscription de la langue), alors que les pratiques graphiques du philosophe sont rarement considérées comme un médium de sa pensée. De ce fait, ses manuscrits n’ont guère été pris en compte en tant qu’objets de recherche. Or, la relation entre écrit et image ouvre la voie à l’étude des fonctions épistémiques des pratiques graphiques et à celle des représentations visuelles qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans la démarche théorique de Peirce.
Developmental Progression and Interrelationship of Central and Effector Regulatory T Cell Subsets
Authors: Toomer Kevin H. , Yuan Xiaomei , Yang Jing , Dee Michael J. , Yu Aixin , Malek Thomas R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Resting central Tregs (cTregs) and activated effector Tregs (eTregs) are required for self-tolerance, but the heterogeneity and relationships within and between phenotypically distinct subsets of cTregs and eTregs are poorly understood. By extensive immune profiling and deep sequencing of TCR-β V regions, two subsets of cTregs, based on expression of Ly-6C, and three subsets of eTregs, based on distinctive expression of CD62L, CD69, and CD103, were identified. Ly-6C+ cTregs exhibited lower basal activation, expressed on average lower affinity TCRs, and less efficiently developed into eTregs when compared with Ly-6C− cTregs. The dominant TCR Vβs of Ly-6C+ cTregs were shared by eTregs at a low frequency. A single TCR clonotype was also identified that was largely restricted to Ly-6C+ cTregs, even under conditions that promoted the development of eTregs. Collectively, these findings indicate that some Ly-6C+ cTregs may persist as a lymphoid-specific subset, with minimal potential to develop into highly activated eTregs, whereas other cTregs readily develop into eTregs. In contrast, subsets of CD62Llo eTregs showed higher clonal expansion and were more highly interrelated than cTreg subsets based on their TCR-β repertoires, but exhibited varied immune profiles. The CD62Llo CD69− CD103− eTreg subset displayed properties of a transitional intermediate between cTregs and more activated eTreg subsets. Thus, eTreg subsets appear to exhibit substantial flexibility, most likely in response to environmental cues, to adopt defined immune profiles that are expected to optimize suppression of autoreactive T cells.
Demography and feeding behavior of Stenostomum leucops (Dugés, 1828)
Authors: Núñez-Ortiz Alma R. , Nandini Sarma , Nandini S.S.S. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Freshwater turbellarians, despite their mainly benthic habits, interact with pelagic communities of rotifers and cladocerans. However, very little is known about their demographic characteristics, food preference and functional response. To fill that gap we studied one of the most widely spread species, <em>Stenostomum leucops</em>. We conducted population growth experiments using abundant food (several rotifer and cladocerans species). To evaluate possible impact of <em>S. leucops</em> on planktonic communities, we conducted prey preference experiments at two temperatures: 18 and 23°C. The number of rotifers and cladocerans consumed was calculated by the difference between the initial and final density. We found that diets supplemented with fresh algae achieved higher <em>S. leucops</em> densities than those with detritus supplements in their diets. In the case of animal diets, <em>Euchlanis dilatata</em> allowed <em>S. leucops</em> reach higher densities than the other zooplankton species; <em>E. dilatata</em> was positively selected for in the selectivity study at both 18 and 23°C. <em>Stenostomum leucops</em> showed a type II functional response on rotifers and the cladoceran <em>Alona glabra</em>. Our results suggest that <em>S. leucops</em> select their prey according to their vulnerability using different mechanisms, which optimize their food intake.</p>
Measurement of momentum flux using two meteor radars in Indonesia
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki , Shinbori Atsuki , Riggin Dennis M. , Tsuda Toshitaka 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Two nearly identical meteor radars were operated at Koto Tabang (0.20° S, 100.32° E), West Sumatra, and Biak (1.17° S, 136.10° E), West Papua, in Indonesia, separated by approximately 4000 km in longitude on the Equator. The zonal and meridional momentum flux, u′w′ and v′w′, where u, v, and w are the eastward, northward, and vertical wind velocity components, respectively, were estimated at 86 to 94 km altitudes using the meteor radar data by applying a method proposed by Hocking (2005). The observed u′w′ at the two sites agreed reasonably well at 86, 90, and 94 km during the observation periods when the data acquisition rate was sufficiently large enough. Variations in v′w′ were consistent between 86, 90, and 94 km altitudes at both sites. The climatological variation in the monthly averaged u′w′ and v′w′ was investigated using the long-term radar data at Koto Tabang from November 2002 to November 2013. The seasonal variations in u′w′ and v′w′ showed a repeatable semiannual and annual cycles, respectively. u′w′ showed eastward values in February–April and July–September and v′w′ was northward in June to August at 90–94 km, both of which were generally anti-phase with the mean zonal and meridional winds, having the same periodicity. Our results suggest the usefulness of the Hocking method.
Comparison of Efficacy and Side Effects of Azithromycin and Co-Amoxiclav in the Treatment of Acute Sinusitis in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Amani Soroush , Mohammadi-Najafabadi Ali , Ahmadi Ali 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Regarding high prevalence of common cold and sinusitis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and the lack of studies on patients referring hospitals in this province, this study was conducted to determine and compare the efficacy and side effects of azithromycin and co-amoxiclav.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. The study population of this clinical trial was consisted of 90 patients with acute sinusitis aged 12-65 years. At least two major criteria or one major criterion and two minor criteria with duration of at least 7 days and at most 28 days, were some of the sinusitis diagnostic criteria for inclusion of the patients into the study. The patients were examined for symptoms prior to and twice after the treatment. The treatment was administration with <strong>500 mg</strong> azithromycin tablet per day for three days in group 1 (G1) and <strong>625 mg</strong> co-amoxiclav tablet every <strong>8 h</strong> for 10 days in group 2 (G2). The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, independent t-test, and chi-square in Stata software and P &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Mean±Standard deviation age of all patients was 32.14±9.91 years. Out of 90 participants in the study, 50 (55.56%) were male and the rest were female. The patients’ symptoms were quantitatively similar in the two groups (22.3±2 and 22.2±1.9 in G1 and G2, respectively) prior to the intervention. The score at second examination decreased to 3.7±2.1 in G1 and to 9.4±2.7 in G2, significantly different from that prior to intervention and between the two groups (P&lt;0.001). Although the score decreased in the two groups at third examination, it was not significant in the two groups (P=0.652). The cure rate in azithromycin group was derived 87.5% and 88%, and in co-amoxiclav group 32.4% and 83.3% at the days 5 and 10 of treatment, respectively. The most prevalent side effects in the two groups were diarrhea and nausea. The prevalence of diarrhea was obtained 21% and 33% in G1 and G2, respectively. </p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>No significant difference in side effects was seen between the two groups. Although the cure was faster in the patients treated with azithromycin than those treated with co-amoxiclav, co-amoxiclav is still considered as adequately working against acute sinusitis bacterial pathogens. In view of this efficacy, co-amoxiclav seems to lead to no drug resistance and could be used to treat the patient
Online diensten over de grens
Authors: Visser D.J.G. , Kreijger P. J. 
Published: March 2016

Online diensten over de grens
Op 9 december 2015 presenteerde de Europese Commissie een voorstel voor een ‘Verordening betreffende de grensoverschrijdende portabiliteit van online-inhoudsdiensten in de interne markt’.COM(2015) 627 final, Brussel, 9 december 2015. Consumenten in de EU krijgen recht op toegang tot de online content waar ze in hun eigen land een abonnement op hebben, wanneer ze tijdelijk in een ander EU-land verblijven. Dit voorstel, dat vermoedelijk snel zal worden goedgekeurd en in werking zal treden, wordt in deze bijdrage besproken.COM(2015) 627 final), Brussel, 9 december 2015
Effect of III–V on insulator structure on quantum well intermixing
Authors: Takashima Seiya , Ikku Yuki , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takagi Shinichi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
To achieve the monolithic active/passive integration on the III–V CMOS photonics platform, quantum well intermixing (QWI) on III–V on insulator (III–V-OI) is studied for fabricating multi-bandgap III–V-OI wafers. By optimizing the QWI condition for a 250-nm-thick III–V layer, which contains a five-layer InGaAsP-based multi-quantum well (MQW) with 80-nm-thick indium phosphide (InP) cladding layers, we have successfully achieved a photoluminescence (PL) peak shift of over 100 nm on the III–V-OI wafer. We have also found that the progress of QWI on the III–V-OI wafer is slower than that on the InP bulk wafer regardless of the buried oxide (BOX) thickness, bonding interface materials, and handle wafers. We have also found that the progress of QWI on the III–V-OI wafer is slower than that on the InP bulk wafer regardless of the buried oxide (BOX) thickness, bonding interface materials, and bulk support wafers on which the III–V-OI structure is formed (handle wafers). By comparing between the measured PL shift and simulated diffusions of phosphorus vacancies and interstitials during QWI, we have found that the slow QWI progress in the III–V-OI wafer is probably attributed to the enhanced recombination of vacancies and interstitials by the diffusion blocking of vacancies and interstitials at the BOX interface.