bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeveral high‐profile revelations concerning anti‐doping rule violations over the past 12 months have outlined the importance of tackling prevailing challenges and reducing the limitations of the current anti‐doping system. At this time, the necessity to enhance, expand, and improve analytical test methods in response to the substances outlined in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's (WADA) Prohibited List represents an increasingly crucial task for modern sports drug‐testing programs. The ability to improve analytical testing methods often relies on the expedient application of novel information regarding superior target analytes for sports drug‐testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, together with recent advances in instrumental developments. This annual banned‐substance review evaluates literature published between October 2016 and September 2017 offering an in‐depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2017 Prohibited List.
No single driver of biodiversity: divergent responses of multiple taxa across land use types
Authors: Wood Jamie R. , Holdaway Robert J. , Orwin Kate H. , Morse Chris , Bonner Karen I. , Davis Carina , Bolstridge Nicola , Dickie Ian A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the responses of biodiversity to different land use regimes is critical for managing biodiversity in the face of future land use change. However, there is still significant uncertainty around how consistent the responses of different taxonomic groups to land use change are. Here, we use a combination of high‐throughput environmental DNA sequencing and traditional field‐based survey methods to examine how patterns of richness and community composition correlate among four domains/kingdoms (bacteria, fungi, plants, and metazoans) and the four most‐abundant animal taxonomic groups (arachnids, Collembola, insects, and nematodes) across five different land use types (natural forest, planted forest, unimproved grassland, improved grassland, and vineyards). Richness for each taxonomic group varied between land use types, yet different taxa showed inconsistent responses to land use, and their richness was rarely correlated. This contrasted with community composition of taxonomic groups, for which there was relatively good discrimination of land use types and there was strong correlation between group responses. We found little evidence for consistent drivers of taxonomic richness, yet identified several significant drivers of community composition that were shared across many groups. Drivers of composition were not the same as the drivers of diversity, suggesting diversity and composition are independently controlled. While land use intensification has been viewed as having generally negative effects on biodiversity, our results provide evidence that different taxa respond divergently across different land uses. Further, our study demonstrates the power of high‐throughput sequencing of environmental DNA as a tool for addressing broad ecological patterns relating to landscape biodiversity.
Employment status at time of first hospitalization for heart failure is associated with a higher risk of death and rehospitalization for heart failure
Authors: Rørth Rasmus , Fosbøl Emil L. , Mogensen Ulrik M. , Kragholm Kristian , Numé Anna‐karin , Gislason Gunnar H. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Kristensen Søren L. 
Published: November 2017

AimsEmployment status at time of first heart failure (HF) hospitalization may be an indicator of both self‐perceived and objective health status. In this study, we examined the association between employment status and the risk of all‐cause mortality and recurrent HF hospitalization in a nationwide cohort of patients with HF.Methods and resultsWe identified all patients of working age (18–60 years) with a first HF hospitalization in the period 1997–2015 in Denmark, categorized according to whether or not they were part of the workforce at time of the index admission. The primary outcome was death from any cause and the secondary outcome was readmission for HF. Cumulative incidence curves, binomial regression and Cox regression models were used to assess outcomes. Of 25 571 patients with a first hospitalization for HF, 15 428 (60%) were part of the workforce at baseline. Patients in the workforce were significantly younger (53 vs. 55 years) more likely to be male (75% vs 64%) and less likely to have diabetes (13% vs 22%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5% vs 10%) (all P < 0.0001). Not being part of the workforce was associated with a significantly higher risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.68] and rehospitalization for HF (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05–1.14), in analyses adjusted for age, sex, co‐morbidities, education level, calendar time, and duration of first HF hospitalization.ConclusionNot being part of the workforce at time of first HF hospitalization was independently associated with increased mortality and recurrent HF hospitalization.
Investigation of Spiral Flow‐Field Design on the Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Ibrahimoglu B. , Yilmazoglu M. Z. , Celenk S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising energy converters due to their unique features with an application potential for many sectors. The performance of PEM fuel cells depends on a number of factors, one of which is suitable flow‐field design. In this study, the effect of spiral flow‐field design is investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The model consists of the transport phenomena in a fuel cell. Electrochemical reactions, mass, heat, energy, species transport, and potential fields equations are solved by ANSYS‐FLUENT. The polarization and power density curve, temperature, pressure, and distributions of the gases inside the flow‐fields were obtained. The results were compared with the reference geometry. Although the spiral flow‐field has considerable ohmic losses, the velocity and pressure distributions of the gases are found to be uniform. Furthermore, it is shown that the spiral flow‐field reduces the pressure drop per unit length of the flow‐field. When compared to other flow‐field designs, the spiral flow‐field is found to be quite efficient by means of auxiliary power consumption.
International survey of practices used in the diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Cal Margarida , Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo , Jauniaux Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify geographic differences in diagnostic and treatment practices during the perinatal management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders.MethodsAn online survey was conducted from May 1 to August 1, 2017. The 18‐item questionnaire was emailed to all members of the expert panel for the 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics consensus guidelines on PAS (n=34), as well as international experts who had contributed to the content of these guidelines (n=16).ResultsQuestionnaires were returned by 36 of the 50 experts (72% response rate). Most respondents were from Europe (n=22; 61%) or Asia (n=9; 25%). Despite large disparity in the number of patients with PAS disorders managed surgically or conservatively (range from 0 to >1000) and the different techniques used by the respondents, the screening and diagnostic methods used were similar, with transvaginal imaging used by 31 (86%) experts, and both ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging used by 22 (61%). In all, 22 (61%) experts indicated a preference for radical surgery, with primary cesarean hysterectomy leaving the placenta in situ reported as the most frequent approach (n=20; 55%).ConclusionWide variation found in global PAS practices indicated a need for standardized data and an evidence‐based approach to the diagnosis and management of PAS disorders.
Role of the combination of FA and parameters as a new diagnostic method in therapeutic evaluation of parkinson's disease
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zheng Tao , Liu Lanxiang , Gao Dawei , Shi Qinglei , Dong Yanchao , Du Dan 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSimple diffusion delivery (SDD) has attained good effects with only tiny amounts of drugs. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and relaxation time
that indicate the integrity of fiber tracts and iron concentration within brain tissue were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SDD.PurposeTo evaluate therapeutic effect of SDD in the Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model with FA and
parameters.Study TypeProspective case–control animal study.PopulationThirty‐two male Sprague Dawley rats (eight normal, eight PD, eight SDD, and eight subcutaneous injection rats).Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot spin echo echo‐planar imaging and fast low‐angle shot T2WI sequences at 3.0T.AssessmentParameters of FA and
on the treated side of the substantia nigra were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SDD in a PD rat model.Statistical TestsThe effects of time on FA and
values were analyzed by repeated measurement tests. A one‐way analysis of variance was conducted, followed by individual comparisons of the mean FA and
values at different timepoints.ResultsThe FA values on the treated side of the substantia nigra in the SDD treatment group and subcutaneous injection treatment group were significantly higher at week 1 and lower at week 6 than that of the PD control group (SDD vs. PD, week 1, adjusted P = 0.012; subcutaneous vs. PD, week 1, adjusted P < 0.001; SDD vs. PD, week 6, adjusted P = 0.004; subcutaneous vs. PD, week 6, adjusted P = 0.024). The
parameter in the SDD treatment group and subcutaneous injection treatment group was significantly higher than that in the PD control group at week 6 (SDD vs. PD, adjusted P = 0.032; subcutaneous vs. PD, adjusted P < 0.001).Data ConclusionThe combination of FA and
parameters can potentially serve as a new effective evaluation method of the therapeutic effect of SDD.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Absence or mislocalization of DNAH5 is a characteristic marker for motile ciliary abnormality in nasal polyps
Authors: Qiu Qianhui , Peng Yang , Zhu Zhenchao , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Chi , Ong Hsiao Hui , Tan Kai Sen , Hong Haiyu , Yan Yan , Huang Haoqi , Liu Jing , Li Xianqing , Nam H. N. , Dung N. T. N. , Shi Li , Yang Qintai , Bingle Colin D. , Wang De‐Yun 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveMotile cilia impairment is a common condition in patients with chronically inflamed airways, such as is seen in nasal polyps (NPs). The mechanism underlying this pathogenic condition is complex and not fully understood.MethodsWe investigated the presence and localization of dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) in motile cilia using immunofluorescence staining in paraffin‐embedded nasal biopsies from NPs (n = 120) and inferior turbinate mucosa (n = 35) of healthy controls. We also performed single‐cell staining on cytospin samples (NP = 5, control = 5). Three patterns of DNAH5 localization are defined, including pattern A (presence throughout the axoneme), pattern B (undetectable in the distal part of the axoneme), and pattern C (completely missing throughout the entire axoneme). We developed a semiquantitative scoring system for which 0 = (pattern A > 70%); 1 = (patterns A + B > 70%); and 2 = (pattern C ≥ 30%) in each high‐power field (5 fields per sample).ResultsBased on our DNAH5 scoring system, the median (1st and 3rd quartile) score was 0.3 (0.2 and 0.4) for samples from controls, and 1.1 (0.6 and 1.6) for samples from NPs in paraffin specimens (P < 0.001). The DNAH5 score had a significant positive relationship with the Lund‐Mackay computed tomography score (r = 0.329, P = 0.005) and was higher in patients with eosinophilic NPs (P = 0.006). For cytospin samples, the mean percentage of patterns A, B, and C were 74%, 14%, and 12% in controls, and 48%, 20%, and 32% in NPs, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that the absence or mislocalization of DNAH5 from motile cilia is a common and potentially important pathological phenomenon in chronically inflamed airway epithelium.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E97–E104, 2018
Robust optimization in IMPT using quadratic objective functions to account for the minimum MU constraint
Authors: Shan Jie , An Yu , Bues Martin , Schild Steven E. , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2017

PurposeCurrently, in clinical practice of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT), the influence of the minimum monitor unit (MU) constraint is taken into account through postprocessing after the optimization is completed. This may degrade the plan quality and plan robustness. This study aims to mitigate the impact of the minimum MU constraint directly during the plan robust optimization.Methods and materialsCao et al. have demonstrated a two‐stage method to account for the minimum MU constraint using linear programming without the impact of uncertainties considered. In this study, we took the minimum MU constraint into consideration using quadratic optimization and simultaneously had the impact of uncertainties considered using robust optimization. We evaluated our method using seven cancer patients with different machine settings.ResultThe new method achieved better plan quality than the conventional method. The D95% of the clinical target volume (CTV) normalized to the prescription dose was (mean [min–max]): (99.4% [99.2%–99.6%]) vs. (99.2% [98.6%–99.6%]). Plan robustness derived from these two methods was comparable. For all seven patients, the CTV dose–volume histogram band gap (narrower band gap means more robust plans) at D95% normalized to the prescription dose was (mean [min–max]): (1.5% [0.5%–4.3%]) vs. (1.2% [0.6%–3.8%]).ConclusionOur new method of incorporating the minimum MU constraint directly into the plan robust optimization can produce machine‐deliverable plans with better tumor coverage while maintaining high‐plan robustness.
Enhanced efficiency of ternary organic solar cells by doping a polymer material in P3HT:PC61BM
Authors: Wang Min , Li Jianfeng , Ma Xuying , Lv Jie , Zhang Caizhen , Xia Yangjun 
Published: November 2017

Doping a low‐bandgap polymer material (PDTBDT‐DTNT) as a complementary electron donor in poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyricacid methyl ester (PC61BM) blend is experimented to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The PCE of OSCs was increased from 3.19% to 3.75% by doping 10 wt% PDTBDT‐DTNT, which was 17.55% higher than that of the OSCs based on binary blend of P3HT:PC61BM (host cells). The short‐circuit current density (Jsc) was increased to 10.11 mA·cm−2 compared with the host cells. Although the PCE improvement could partly be attributed to more photon harvest for complementary absorption of 2 donors by doping appropriate PDTBDT‐DTNT, the promotion of charge separation and transport as well as the suppression of charge recombination due to a matrix of cascade energy levels is also important. And the better morphology of the active layer films is beneficial to the optimized performance of ternary devices.
Protein Profiling of Non‐model Plant Cuminum cyminum by Gel‐Based Proteomic Approach
Authors: Zaman Uzma , Urlaub Henning , Abbasi Atiya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionCumin (Cuminum cyminum), a popular spice has been widely used in traditional medicine to cure various ailments. Despite the existence of scientific literature about its pharmacological properties, no successful proteome profiling has yet been attempted.ObjectiveTo optimise extraction of cumin proteins and analyse its profile by shotgun proteomics, using one‐dimensional electrophoresis coupled with nano‐ESI‐LC–MS/MS.MethodologyAs a first step, we have compared three extraction protocols for total proteins extraction from cumin. Extracted proteins were separated on one‐dimensional gel and analysed by state‐of‐the‐art linear ion trap (LTQ)‐Orbitrap Velose and Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer.ResultsEvaluation of extraction method revealed significant differences in protein yield and proteome composition between the three extracts. LC–MS/MS allowed identification of several proteins with functional significance in various biological processes.ConclusionThis study provides identification of a large number of proteins and offers a molecular basis for future research on potential pharmacologically active cumin proteins. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐catalytic, solvent‐free synthesis of poly(tartronic‐co‐glycolic acid) as a versatile coating for different surfaces
Authors: Cîrcu Monica , Bunge Alexander , Vasilescu Corina , Porav Sebastian , Nan Alexandrina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of poly(tartronic‐co‐glycolic acid) from tartronic acid is achieved by a simple thermal polycondensation method. This novel polyester was characterized by NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as by high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. It contains pendent carboxyl groups at the tartronic acid units which therefore render it a more hydrophilic and more versatile analogue of poly(glycolic acid) combining the known biodegradability with the functionality of the pendent carboxyl groups. Thus, it is of interest for application in the synthesis of drug‐carrying biodegradable matrices. The copolymer was further used for coating different surfaces of magnetic nanoparticles such as magnetite, silica, titanium dioxide and exploited as a platform for further functionalization. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolic Signature of Microvesicles from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Santucci Laura , Ravera Silvia , Bartolucci Martina , Petretto Andrea , Calzia Daniela , Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Ramenghi Luca A. , Candiano Giovanni , Panfoli Isabella 
Published: November 2017

PurposeMicrovesicles (MVs), 200–1000 nm bodies budding from the cell plasma membrane, are a promising source of biomarkers. This study aimed at comparing the proteome of MVs collected by ultracentrifugation from cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from Human Umbilical Cord of Preterm newborns (<34‐weeks gestational age) in comparison to infants at Term (≥37 weeks). This discovery study was designed to establish the signature of prematurity.Experimental designOrbitrap MS, statistical, bioinformatics and biochemical analyses were employed.ResultsA total of 3253 proteins were identified, 78.3% matching among Preterm and Term. Principal component dimensional analyses showed that the two proteomes cluster separately. Cytoscape analysis showed that the top gene signatures cluster around inflammation and oxidative metabolism. Both Preterm and Term MVs consumed oxygen, and express ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase, but only Preterm MVs synthesized ATP. The gene signature of Preterm condition mainly clusters around inflammation and metabolism.Conclusion and clinical relevanceMVs from MSCs conduct aerobic metabolism similarly to exosomes from the same cells, with interesting differences related to their biogenesis and function. The clinical relevance of the study lays in the perspective to utilize MVs as promising sensor of the inflammatory and metabolic state of the preterm newborn, to help in preventing the complications of prematurity.
Biomechanical investigation of the modified Tardieu Scale in assessing knee extensor spasticity poststroke
Authors: Gholami Samaneh , Ansari Noureddin Nakhostin , Naghdi Soofia , Tabatabaei Azadeh , Jannat Davood , Senobari Maryam , Dadgoo Mahdi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) is a clinical tool for the measurement of muscle spasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the MTS and the slope of the work‐velocity curve as a biomechanical measure in assessing knee extensor muscle spasticity in patients with stroke.MethodsThirty patients with stroke (22 female, 8 male; mean age 55.4 ± 12.0 years) participated in this study. The knee extensor spasticity was assessed with the MTS. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to move the knee passively from full extension to 90° flexion at speeds of 60°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s to collect torque‐angle data. The slope of the work‐velocity curve was calculated using linear regression [J/(°/s)].ResultsThe mean of R2‐R1 component of MTS was 19.73 (SD 29.85). The mean work significantly decreased as the speed increased (p < .001). The mean (SD) slope for the work‐velocity curve was −0.83 (SD 0.73, range −2.6–0.3). There was no significant relationship between the R2‐R1 and the slope of work‐velocity curve (r = 0.09, p = .62).ConclusionsThe lack of significant relationship between the MTS and the slope of work‐velocity curve may question the usefulness of the MTS as a valid measure of muscle spasticity after stroke.
An overview: Rabbit hepatitis E virus (HEV) and rabbit providing an animal model for HEV study
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Lin , Wang Ling 
Published: November 2017

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA virus and the causative agent of hepatitis E. The virus belongs to genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae, which contains 4 major genotypes closely relating to humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 only infect humans whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV are harbored in a wide range of animal species worldwide and are zoonotic to humans. Recently, a novel animal strain of HEV has been isolated in farmed rabbits in China, and subsequently more strains were discovered in the rabbit populations in at least 7 other countries. Due to high sequence similarity to genotype 3 HEV, rabbit HEV (rHEV) has been assigned to genotype 3. Experimental study showed that rHEV could infect non‐human primate and human, which pose a direct threat to human. Further pathogenesis studies showed laboratory rabbits infected with rHEV and genotype 4 HEV could present similar signs of acute and chronic hepatitis E along with extra‐hepatic replication as observed in humans. High mortality and vertical transmission were reproduced in rHEV infected pregnant rabbits. Furthermore, rabbit model was also found suitable for evaluating HEV vaccine efficacy in order to manage zoonotic transmission. These data showed laboratory rabbits could serve as an alternative animal model for HEV study under the current circumstances that HEV propagation is limited in vitro. In general, this review aims at presenting comprehensive up‐to‐date information about rHEV strains and rabbit model for HEV studies.
Mesoporous Zirconium Oxophosphate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Cyclic Acetals and Cyclic Carbonates under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Islam Sk. Safikul , Bhanja Piyali , Ghosh Kajari , Molla Rostam Ali , Yasmin Nasima , Das Debasis , Islam Sk. Manirul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMesoporous zirconium oxophosphate (MZrP‐1) composed of porous interconnected network and high specific surface area has been synthesized by using Pluronic P123 as template under evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. The prepared mesoporous material has been characterized by small‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction, UHR‐TEM (Ultra‐high Resolution‐Transmission Electron Microscopy) image analysis, and N2 adsorption‐desorption, FTIR (Fourier‐transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and FE‐SEM (Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. Mesoporous MZrP‐1 catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of cyclic acetals from glycerol and cyclic carbonates from epoxide as starting under solvent‐free green conditions. High surface area and abundant acid sites present at the surface of the mesoporous zirconium oxophosphate is responsible for high catalytic activity. The catalyst can be reusable for several reaction cycles without any significant loss in its catalytic activity.