bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reus, vila oberta. Els primers anys de la guerra de Separació
Authors: Güell Junkert Manel 
Published: September 2016

L’article exposa la difícil trajectòria d’una població gran durant la guerra de Separació. Els primers anys, Reus va trobar-se al mig d’una frontera militar d’una gran inestabilitat, i va optar per no oferir resistència i cooperar amb l’ocupant, amb independència del bàndol de que es tractés. Alhora, va procurar mantenir les relacions amb els dos bàndols i proclamar la seva lleialtat als dos per separat. Reus va tenir una difícil supervivència, amenaçada per les inacabables aportacions als exèrcits (diners, armes, lleves, proveïments, treballadors) i sobretot pels allotjaments, que foren dels més durs de Catalunya. La vila, que hagué de suportar una despesa econòmica exhorbitant, féu fallida i s’endeutà d’una manera exponencial i crònica, i també va perdre bona part dels seus habitants. El cas de Reus és el cas de la lluita de les poblacions rurals per superar la crisi política i militar de mitjan segle XVII.
O arte-educador e sua condição docente mediante a sociedade atual
Authors: Vasconcelos Rafaella Lira de 
Published: September 2016

<p>O presente estudo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a importância do trabalho do arte-educador mediante uma sociedade industrializada e dominada pelas relações de trabalho, em que a condição de trabalho e vida do docente de Artes encontra-se intrinsecamente relacionada aos interesses dominadores e ideológicos difundidos por uma sociedade que tem seus artefatos administrados pela “indústria cultural”. De cunho bibliográfico, a metodologia aqui empregada tratou da formação e condição docente na sociedade atual, tendo como destaque o arte-educador que atua no Ensino Médio da Educação Básica, bem como alguns paradoxos das Leis de Diretrizes e Bases, que direcionam a atuação e a condição do trabalho dos professores. Com base em autores advindos da Sociologia, Educação e Filosofia, foi possível trazer contextualizações de algumas de suas obras à luz de teorias concisas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This study aims to reflect on the importance of the work of art educator by an industrialized and society dominated by labor relations, where the working conditions and life of the faculty of Arts is intrinsically related to the rulers and ideological interests widespread by a company which has its artifacts managed by “cultural industry”. Bibliographic nature, the methodology used here dealt with the training and teaching condition in today’s society, with the highlight the art educator who works in the School of Basic Education as well as some paradoxes of the Laws of Bases and Guidelines, which guide the actions and the condition of teachers’ work. Based on authors coming from the Sociology, Education and Philosophy, it was possible to bring contextualization of some of his works in the light of concise theories.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Art educator. Given society. Teaching condition.</p>
A fabricação da excelência na escola pública: notas acerca de práticas educacionais e trajetórias escolares de sucesso
Authors: Gomes Lisandra Ogg 
Published: September 2016

<p>Este trabalho tem como principal propósito conhecer e analisar as condutas e as trajetórias escolares de alunas e alunos que frequentam a última série do ensino médio do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CAP/COLUNI/UFV), bem como as características dessa instituição de ensino que se notabiliza, no país, pela excelência do ensino que oferece. Trata-se de parte de uma investigação que abrange a tríade alunos/alunas de sucesso, escola pública de excelência e famílias, cujo pressuposto é o de que a constituição de um processo de excelência escolar depende de uma diversidade de fatores. A metodologia de pesquisa conciliou procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos, em particular os depoimentos obtidos em entrevistas realizadas com o corpo discente. Os primeiros resultados mostraram que o exame de seleção, as práticas pedagógicas, a formação de professores e a mobilização dos/as estudantes são algumas das variáveis que configuram a excelência nessa escola pública.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>In this socio-theoretical study, our main purpose is to understand the educational trajectories of male and female high performance students in the last term of high school at Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CAP/COLUNI/UFV), and also the actions and characteristics of efficiency and excellence employed by this institution. Therefore, our research encompasses the triad of successful students, the public school of excellence and the families, because, with good reason, we understand that variety factors. The metodology rely on proceeding quantitative and qualitative, especially for this article, the analysis of sociocultural data and grades in interviews conducted with students of this institution. The first results showed that the selection exam, teaching practices, teacher training and students mobilization contributes for to academic success.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Education Sociology. High School. Academic Success.</p>
Educação física no ensino superior: uma prática ressignificada como conteúdo acadêmico
Authors: Rodrigues Rogério 
Published: September 2016

<p> </p><p>O problema analisado neste artigo refere-se ao ensino da Educação Física instituída como disciplina obrigatória na grade curricular do Ensino Superior, antes da promulgação da Lei Nº 9.394/96. Com a promulgação da referida lei, a obrigatoriedade deixou de existir, e a Educação Física tornou-se uma disciplina destituída de significado acadêmico, praticamente extinta nos currículos dos diversos cursos de graduação. O objetivo desta pesquisa é, portanto, estabelecer uma ressignificação da Educação Física no Ensino Superior, diretamente relacionada com a reformulação dos seus conteúdos. O método empregado é o da pesquisa participativa em virtude de o pesquisador trabalhar com a disciplina Educação Física no Ensino Superior. A conclusão do trabalho aponta para a necessária inserção dos conteúdos da Educação Física nos três principais eixos norteadores do trabalho docente no Ensino Superior, quais sejam: o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Educação Física. Esport. Ensino da Educação Física. Fundamentos da Educação Física.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p>The problem analyzed relates the teaching of Physical Education instituted as a mandatory discipline in the curriculum of higher education before the promulgation of Law number 9.394/96. However, with the enactment of that law, the obligation no longer exists and Physical Education has become a devoid of meaning academic discipline, virtually extinct in the curricula of many undergraduate courses. The aim is therefore to establish a new meaning of physical education in higher education as something directly related to the reformulation of its contents. The method employed is that of participatory research because the researcher works with the Physical Education in Higher Education. The conclusion of the work points to the insertion of the required contents of physical education in the three main guiding principles of the teaching work in higher education such as teaching, research and extension.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Physical Education. Sports. Teaching of Physical Education. Principles of Physical Education.</p>
Contributos das memórias narradas para a construção da(s) identidade(s) das crianças de maisha
Authors: Bastos Luciete De Cássia Souza Lima , Tosta Sandra De Fátima Pereira 
Published: September 2016

<p>A pesquisa que deu origem a este texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre a construção das identidades de crianças quilombolas, considerando, na relação escola/comunidade, a memória dos anciãos e a imagem que as crianças fazem de si mesmas. Os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos dividem-se em distintas fases: a Pesquisa Bibliográfica/Documental e a Pesquisa de Campo, esta etnográfica. Tem-se como recorte o Quilombo de Sambaíba, localizado no município de Caetité-Ba, divisa com Igaporã e Tanque Novo. Apresenta como conclusões iniciais a relevância das memórias dos anciãos como movimento de autoafirmação e valorização da herança africana, um dos componentes essenciais para o reconhecimento das comunidades como remanescentes de Quilombos. E, ao narrar suas experiências, os anciãos tornam-se bases fundadoras para a construção da identidade das crianças.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p>The research that originated this paper aims to reflect on the construction of the Maroons children identities, considering, at school relationship/community, the memory of the elders and the image that children do themselves. The theoretical and methodological procedures are divided into distinct phases: the Bibliographic Search/Document and Field Research, this ethnographic. One has to cut out the Quilombo of Sambaíba, located in the municipality of Caetité-Ba, bordering Igaporã and New tank. It presents initial findings as the relevance of the memories of the elders as a movement of self-affirmation and appreciation of African heritage, an essential componente for recognizing communities as remnants of quilombos. And when recounting their experiences, the elders become founding bases for the construction of the identity of children.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Quilombo. Elders. School. Children. Identity(s).</p><p> </p>
Recent Developments in Compulsory Licensing of Pharmaceutical Patents in India
Authors: Konde Viren 
Published: September 2016

On March 9, 2012, under Section 84(1) of the Indian Patents Act, Controller General of Patents granted country’s first and only compulsory licence to Natco Pharma to sell Bayer AG’s patented oncology drug Nexavar (Sorafenib Tosylate). Since then, India has not issued any other compulsory licence even though two more such applications have been received. India has also implemented a special compulsory licence regime under Section 92A(1), for the manufacture and export of patented pharmaceutical products to any country having insufficient or no manufacturing capacity to address public health needs. In view of the recent developments, and given the economic consequences of compulsory licensing, it has become important for multinational pharmaceutical companies procuring patents and doing business in India to understand the country’s compulsory licensing laws and reevaluate their business strategies, while domestic companies pursue alternate options to access patented lifesaving medicines within the legal system.
À propos de la vision saussurienne de la syntaxe
Authors: Hagège Claude 
Published: September 2016

Dans cet article, j’attire l’attention sur le fait, inaperçu, qu’il n’y a pas de syntaxe chez Saussure (en dehors de mentions éparses du terme au cours d’énumérations de composantes des langues), ni dans leCLG, ni dans lesÉLG, et que cette absence a embarrassé ses épigones, bien qu’elle n’ait pas empêché Tesnière, qui le cite avec éloge, de consacrer son grand livre à la syntaxe. Cette apparente lacune contraste vivement avec la tradition créée par Chomsky, qui met la syntaxe au centre des langues et de sa théorie. Pourtant, la syntaxe, qui est encore omniprésente dans les travaux des linguistes d’aujourd’hui, même chez ceux qui ne suivent pas du tout les modèles formalistes, n’a pas, en réalité, dans les langues, l’importance qu’on lui donne, comme j’essaie de le montrer ensuite en examinant les domaines que l’on peut imputer à la syntaxe. Elle pourrait même n’être qu’une composante secondaire, et un épiphénomène de la linéarisation du discours. Le principe saussurien selon lequel, dans la langue, il n’y a que des différences suffit pour rendre compte des phénomènes pour lesquels les formalistes ont développé une composante syntaxique complexe.
Peirce et Saussure : regards croisés et lectures en boucles
Authors: Fisette Jean 
Published: September 2016

L’auteur trace un parcours circulant alternativement entre les deux oeuvres de pensée du signe, celles de Peirce et de Saussure, cherchant des points de superposition et des points de décrochage. Il évite la simple opposition affichée dans l’esprit d’une confrontation tout autant que les similarités simplificatrices.
Son objectif est de reconnaître les conditions de la construction d’une science des signes, qu’elle soit sémiologie ou sémiotique. Pour ce, il appuie sa réflexion sur quelques thèmes théoriques : la question de la convention; la relation du signe à l’objet mondain ou à “la chose désignée”; l’espace conceptuel et l’élaboration des tableaux théoriques; la question centrale de la temporalité; puis, un fragment terminal qui fera office de conclusion, touchant l’affiliation de la pensée de Saussure chez Roland Barthes, concernant notamment le projet d’une sémiologie.
Il marque sa volonté de maintenir le discours à un certain niveau de généralité, cherchant moins à saisir les conceptions abstraites que l’imaginaire de la théorie, la sensibilité aux choses, aux signes et aux mots.
A modulating effect of Tropical Instability Wave (TIW)‐induced surface wind feedback in a hybrid coupled model of the tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhang Rong‐Hua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTropical Instability Waves (TIWs) and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are two air‐sea coupling phenomena that are prominent in the tropical Pacific, occurring at vastly different space‐time scales. It has been challenging to adequately represent both of these processes within a large‐scale coupled climate model, which has led to a poor understanding of the interactions between TIW‐induced feedback and ENSO. In this study, a novel modeling system was developed that allows representation of TIW‐scale air‐sea coupling and its interaction with ENSO. Satellite data were first used to derive an empirical model for TIW‐induced sea surface wind stress perturbations (τTIW). The model was then embedded in a basin‐wide hybrid‐coupled model (HCM) of the tropical Pacific. Because τTIW were internally determined from TIW‐scale sea surface temperatures (SSTTIW) simulated in the ocean model, the wind‐SST coupling at TIW scales was interactively represented within the large‐scale coupled model. Because the τTIW–SSTTIW coupling part of the model can be turned on or off in the HCM simulations, the related TIW wind feedback effects can be isolated and examined in a straightforward way. Then, the TIW‐scale wind feedback effects on the large‐scale mean ocean state and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific were investigated based on this embedded system. The interactively represented TIW‐scale wind forcing exerted an asymmetric influence on SSTs in the HCM, characterized by a mean‐state cooling and by a positive feedback on interannual variability, acting to enhance ENSO amplitude. Roughly speaking, the feedback tends to increase interannual SST variability by approximately 9%. Additionally, there is a tendency for TIW wind to have an effect on the phase transition during ENSO evolution, with slightly shortened interannual oscillation periods. Additional sensitivity experiments were performed to elucidate the details of TIW wind effects on SST evolution during ENSO cycles.
Atomically dispersed Pd on nanostructured TiO2 for NO removal by solar light
Authors: Fujiwara Kakeru , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: September 2016

Reducing the particle size of noble metals on ceramic supports can maximize noble metal performance and minimize its use. Here Pd clusters onto nanostructured TiO2 particles are prepared in one step by scalable flame aerosol technology while controlling the Pd cluster size from a few nanometers to that of single atoms. Annealing such materials at appropriate temperatures leads to solar photocatalytic NOx removal in a standard ISO reactor up to 10 times faster than that of commercial TiO2 (P25, Evonik). Such superior performance can be attained by only 0.1 wt.% Pd loading on TiO2. Annealing these flame‐made powders in air up to 600 °C decreases the amorphous TiO2 fraction and increases its crystal and particle sizes as observed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption. The growth of single Pd atoms to Pd clusters on TiO2 prepared at different Pd loading and annealing conditions was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy and XRD. The single Pd atoms and clusters on TiO2 are stable up to, at least, 600 °C for 2 h in air but at 800 °C they grow into PdO nanoparticles whose fraction is comparable with the nominal Pd loading. Hence, most of Pd atoms are on the TiO2 surface where at 800 °C they diffuse and coalesce. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy reveals NO adsorption on single, double, three and fourfold coordinated Pd atoms depending on their synthesis and annealing conditions. The peak intensity of NO adsorption sites involving multiple Pd atoms is substantially lower in TiO2 containing 0.1 wt.% than 1 wt.% Pd but that intensity from single Pd atoms is comparable. This indicates the dominance of isolated Pd atoms compared to clusters in Pd/TiO2 containing 0.1 wt.% Pd that match or exceed the photocatalytic NOx removal of Pd/TiO2 of higher Pd contents. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 139–146, 2017
Quercus ilex L.: How season, Plant Organ and Extraction Procedure Can Influence Chemistry and Bioactivities
Authors: Hadidi Lila , Babou Louiza , Zaidi Farid , Valentão Patrícia , Andrade Paula B. , Grosso Clara 
Published: September 2016

Quercus species have a plethora of applications, either in wine and wood industries, in human and animal nutrition or in human health. In order to improve the knowledge on this genus, the aim of the present study was to correlate, for the first time, the phenolic composition of different Quercus ilex L. plant tissues (leaves in two maturation stages, acorns, teguments and cotyledons) and different extraction procedures with scavenging and anticholinesterase activities. The hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained showed strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH, superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide radical, leaves exhibiting higher total phenolic content and revealing the best antioxidant properties, followed by tegument and acorns. Concerning the phenolic profile, fifteen compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC‐DAD, ranging from 1568.43 to 45,803.16 mg/kg dried extract. The results indicate that Q. ilex can be a source of strong antioxidant phenolic compounds with possible interest for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Comprehensive Energy Balance Measurements in Mice
Authors: Moir Lee , Bentley Liz , Cox Roger D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn mice with altered body composition, establishing whether it is food intake or energy expenditure, or both, that is the major determinant resulting in changed energy balance is important. In order to ascertain where the imbalance is, the acquisition of reproducible data is critical. Therefore, here we provide detailed descriptions of how to determine energy balance in mice. This encompasses protocols for establishing energy intake from home cage measurement of food intake, determining energy lost in feces using bomb calorimetry, and using equations to calculate parameters such as energy intake (EI), digested energy intake (DEI), and metabolisable energy intake (MEI) to determine overall energy balance. We also discuss considerations that should be taken into account when planning these experiments, including diet and sample sizes. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Estimating the effect of plant‐provided food supplements on pest consumption by omnivorous predators: lessons from two coccinellid beetles
Authors: Schuldiner‐Harpaz Tarryn , Coll Moshe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant‐provided food supplements can influence biological pest control by omnivorous predators in two counteracting ways: they can (i) enhance predator populations, but (ii) reduce pest consumption by individual predators. Yet the majority of studies address only one of these aspects. Here, we first tested the influence of canola (Brassica napus L.) pollen supplements on the life history of two ladybeetle species: Hoppodamia variegata (Goeze) and Coccinella septempunctata (L.). We then developed a theoretical model to simulate total pest consumption in the presence and absence of pollen supplements.RESULTSSupplementing a prey diet with canola pollen increased H. variegata larval survival from 50 to 82%, and C. septempunctata female oviposition by 1.6‐fold. Model simulations revealed a greater benefit of pollen supplements when relying on C. septempunctata for pest suppression than on H. variegata.CONCLUSIONFor these two predators, the tested pollen serves as an essential supplement to a diet of prey. However, the benefit of a mixed prey–pollen diet was not always sufficient to overcome individual decrease in pest consumption. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of addressing both positive and negative roles of plant‐provided food supplements in considering the outcome for biological control efforts that rely on omnivorous predators. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Well Leg Compartment Syndrome After Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Christoffersen Jens Krogh , Hove Lars Dahlgaard , Mikkelsen Kim Lyngby , Krogsgaard Michael Rindom 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundWell leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) is a complication to abdominal surgery. We aimed to identify risk factors for and outcome of WLCS in Denmark and literature.MethodsProspectively collected claims to the Danish Patient Compensation Association (DPCA) concerning WLCS after abdominal operations 1996–2013 and cases in literature 1970–2013 were evaluated. Cases of fasciotomy within 2 weeks after abdominal surgery 1999–2008 were extracted from the Danish National Patient Register (DNPR).ResultsThere were 40 cases in DPCA and 124 in literature. In 68 % legs were supported under the knees during surgery. Symptoms of WLCS presented within 2 h after surgery in 56 % and in only 3 cases after 24 h. Obesity was not confirmed as risk factor for WLCS. The mean diagnostic delay was 10 h. One‐third of fasciotomies were insufficient. The diagnostic delay increased with duration of the abdominal surgery (p = 0.04). Duration of the abdominal surgery was 4 times as important as the diagnostic delay for severity of the final outcome. DNPR recorded 4 new cases/year, and half were reported to DPCA.ConclusionThe first 24 h following abdominal surgery of >4 h′ duration with elevated legs observation for WLCS should be standard. Pain in the calf is indicative of WLCS, and elevated serum CK can support the diagnosis. Mannitol infusion and acute four‐compartment fasciotomy of the lower leg is the treatment. The risk of severe outcome of WLCS increases with duration of the primary operation. A broad support and change of legs’ position during surgery are suggested preventative initiatives.