bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gefitinib and EGFR Gene Copy Number Aberrations in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Petty Russell D. , Dahle-Smith Asa , Stevenson David A.J. , Osborne Aileen , Massie Doreen , Clark Caroline , Murray Graeme I. , Dutton Susan J. , Roberts Corran , Chong Irene Y. , Mansoor Wasat , Thompson Joyce , Harrison Mark , Chatterjee Anirban , Falk Stephen J. , Elyan Sean , Garcia-Alonso Angel , Fyfe David Walter , Wadsley Jonathan , Chau Ian , Ferry David R. , Miedzybrodzka Zosia 
Published: May 2017

Purpose The Cancer Esophagus Gefitinib trial demonstrated improved progression-free survival with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib relative to placebo in patients with advanced esophageal cancer who had disease progression after chemotherapy. Rapid and durable responses were observed in a minority of patients. We hypothesized that genetic aberration of the EGFR pathway would identify patients benefitting from gefitinib. Methods A prespecified, blinded molecular analysis of Cancer Esophagus Gefitinib trial tumors was conducted to compare efficacy of gefitinib with that of placebo according to EGFR copy number gain (CNG) and EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutation status. EGFR CNG was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using prespecified criteria and EGFR FISH-positive status was defined as high polysomy or amplification. Results Biomarker data were available for 340 patients. In EGFR FISH-positive tumors (20.2%), overall survival was improved with gefitinib compared with placebo (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.00; P = .05). In EGFR FISH-negative tumors, there was no difference in overall survival with gefitinib compared with placebo (HR for death, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.18; P = .46). Patients with EGFR amplification (7.2%) gained greatest benefit from gefitinib (HR for death, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.64; P = .006). There was no difference in overall survival for gefitinib versus placebo for patients with EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations, or for any mutation versus none. Conclusion EGFR CNG assessed by FISH appears to identify a subgroup of patients with esophageal cancer who may benefit from gefitinib as a second-line treatment. Results of this study suggest that anti-EGFR therapies should be investigated in prospective clinical trials in different settings in EGFR FISH-positive and, in particular, EGFR-amplified esophageal cancer.
Perspectives of Patients With Cancer on the Ethics of Rapid-Learning Health Systems
Authors: Jagsi Reshma , Griffith Kent A. , Sabolch Aaron , Jones Rochelle , Spence Rebecca , De Vries Raymond , Grande David , Bradbury Angela R. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose To inform the evolving implementation of CancerLinQ and other rapid-learning systems for oncology care, we sought to evaluate perspectives of patients with cancer regarding ethical issues. Methods Using the GfK Group online research panel, representative of the US population, we surveyed 875 patients with cancer; 621 (71%) responded. We evaluated perceptions of appropriateness (scored from 1 to 10; 10, very appropriate) using scenarios and compared responses by age, race, and education. We constructed a scaled measure of comfort with secondary use of deidentified medical information and evaluated its correlates in a multivariable model. Results Of the sample, 9% were black and 9% Hispanic; 38% had completed high school or less, and 59% were age ≥ 65 years. Perceptions of appropriateness were highest when consent was obtained and university researchers used data to publish a research study (weighted mean appropriateness, 8.47) and lowest when consent was not obtained and a pharmaceutical company used data for marketing (weighted mean appropriateness, 2.7). Most respondents (72%) thought secondary use of data for research was very important, although those with lower education were less likely to endorse this (62% v 78%; P < .001). Overall, 35% believed it was necessary to obtain consent each time such research was to be performed; this proportion was higher among blacks/Hispanics than others (48% v 33%; P = .02). Comfort with the use of deidentified information from medical records varied by scenario and overall was associated with distrust in the health care system. Conclusion Perceptions of patients with cancer regarding secondary data use depend on the user and the specific use of the data, while also frequently differing by patient sociodemographic factors. Such information is critical to inform ongoing efforts to implement oncology learning systems.
Cobalt Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite with Enhanced Electrochemical Supercapacitance Performance
Authors: Sengottaiyan Chinnasamy , Jayavel Ramasamy , Bairi Partha , Shrestha Rekha Goswami , Ariga Katsuhiko , Shrestha Lok Kumar 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Binary nanocomposite materials comprised of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanocrystals embedded in reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheet were fabricated using one-pot hydrothermal synthetic route without using any structure guiding surfactant. We succeeded to visualize a 1/8 corner of a single cubic shape Co3O4 crystal under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Shape and size of Co3O4 crystals varies from particle-type (size ∼10 nm), octahedral (size ∼20 nm) and aggregates of particles (size in the range of 50–80 nm) with increase in concentration of Co3O4 in the Co3O4/RGO composite. Cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge measurements in aqueous KOH electrolyte (2 M) revealed that the Co3O4/RGO composite material exhibits electrochemical supercapacitive performance giving specific capacitance of 487 F g−1 at scan rate of 5 mV s−1 followed by outstanding cyclic stability sustaining 96.6% of capacitance after 2000 cycles.
Responsabilidade civil do Estado por dano moral e a questão da prioridade da reparação in natura
Authors: Maffini Rafael 
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo aborda o tema da responsabilidade civil do Estado por dano moral causado pela manutenção de presos em condições desumanas e degradantes, na perspectiva de proposta apresentada pelo ministro Luís Roberto Barroso no julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário nº 580.252, pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Tal proposta, sob a premissa de que a reparação in natura predomina sobre a reparação econômica, consiste, em suma, na redução da pena imposta em decorrência das condições desumanas ou degradantes existentes em certas casas prisionais brasileiras. Do cotejo de tal proposta com o sistema jurídico constitucional vigente, o trabalho indica uma série de argumentos que culminam por apontar para a inviabilidade de tal solução, a despeito de se reconhecê-la como deveras criativa. The present article aims to discuss the civil liability of the State due to moral damages caused by the act of keeping prisoners in inhuman and degrading conditions. The article takes into consideration the perspective of the proposal presented by justice Luís Roberto Barroso during the trial RE 580.252 from the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court. Such proposal, which considers that in natura compensation prevails over economic repair, consists in the reduction of the penalty imposed because of inhuman and degrading conditions existing in certain prisons in Brazil. From the analysis of such proposal and concerning the current legal and constitutional system, this article shows a number of arguments that point out to the impossibility of applying such solution, regardless of the fact that it can be recognized a truly creative one.
ASSOCIAÇÃO DE MULHERES LOUCEIRAS DO MARUANUM (ALOMA): TRADIÇÃO E ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA NO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ-AMAZÔNIA-BRASIL
Authors: Santos Kátia Paulino dos 
Published: May 2017

A economia solidária vem se fortalecendo e se afirmando como uma possibilidade viável, sensata e emancipadora. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a Associação de Mulheres Louceiras do Maruanum (ALOMA), localizada no extremo norte da Amazônia Brasileira, o Estado do Amapá, de forma a evidenciar os principais avanços e fragilidades na política de fomento à economia solidária, assim como os principais progressos e entraves enfrentados pela Associação. Realizou-se estudo de caso sobre a ALOMA, com Análise de Custo-Efetividade (ACE), por meio de entrevistas com a presidente da Associação e com outras associadas, concretizando uma pesquisa qualitativa. Encontra-se estruturado em três partes: a primeira tratou da política nacional de economia solidária e suas estratégias de fomento aos empreendimentos; a segunda apresentou o espaço geográfico da pesquisa, o Estado do Amapá; e a última parte analisou a Associação, seu perfil, principais resultados das políticas de fomento e seus principais entraves e avanços.
Book Reviews
Authors: AbuKhalil As’ad , Schwartz Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Is it Fitnah or the rope? Kanaan Makiyya returns
The Rope: A Novel, Kanan Makiya (2016) New York: Pantheon, 336 pp., ISBN-10: 1101870478, ISBN-13: 9781101870471, h/bk, US$17
Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics, Joseph Sassoon (2016) New York, Cambridge University Press, 325 pp., ISBN: 9781107043190, h/bk; ISBN: 9781107618312, p/bk, $29.99
Entrenching sectarianism: How Chilcot sees Iraq
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y. , Ismael Jacqueline S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The 2003 invasion of Iraq by a coalition led by the United States and United Kingdom brought about a regime change that saw the imposition of a sectarianized political order in Iraq. Never before experienced by Iraqis, this politicized the social phenomenon of sectarian identity and prejudice. In spite of the countless references to the role of sectarianism by witnesses appearing before them, the 2016 Iraq Inquiry Report largely accepted the phenomenon as Sui generis – originating from within the Iraqi social setting and therefore accepted it as a rational and pragmatic modality around which to structure the new political order. This assumption saw the Inquiry adopt the assumption held by those they were meant to interrogate – the British officials and government decision makers who led Britain to war in 2003. The article argues that the new regime imposed through the US–UK occupation was not reflective of a bottom up desire for communal representation but rather a top down imposition by the occupation. This resulted in the expression of conflict in predominantly sectarian terms since 2003, the institutionalization of sectarianism in the constitution and government apparatus, as well as a denial of Iraqi self-determination and the opening of the country to excessive foreign influence, extending the bloodletting and impairing economic growth and social comity.
The criminal conspiracy of the Bush administrations and the protection of Iraq’s children
Authors: Boyle Francis A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
US/UK efforts led to the devastation and ruination of Iraq from 1991 through aerial bombardment and economic embargo and then military invasion and occupation (2003–11) which led to the deaths and ruination of large numbers of Iraqi civilians. This period (1990–2011) witnessed the US/UK policy viz. Iraq abrogate the Nuremberg Charter, Judgment and Principles, a repudiation of the very legal mechanisms and norms intended to constrain such state actions. It is suggested that, following such mass casualties, that all US and UK government officials should be held fully accountable under international law for the commission of such grievous international crimes.
Season to taste: Television cookery programmes, aesthetics and seasonality
Authors: Cardwell Sarah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article considers seasonality in relation to television and its more familiar context, food. From the perspective of television aesthetics, moving beyond dominant evaluative conceptions of ‘aesthetics’ often found in studies of TV cookery shows, it argues that selected recent cookery programmes warrant and reward aesthetic attention. Specifically, considering examples fronted by Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and Nigel Slater, this article contends that such shows evoke ‘seasonality’ in myriad ways and by varied means, many of which fall under the realm of the aesthetic. These programmes do more than offer cookery instruction or educate the viewer with regard to when particular foods are in and out of season. They stand as legitimate works of TV art which contribute to an aesthetic appreciation of changing seasons. They contribute to the perpetuation of cultural seasonality, offer vital and powerful reminders of our natural-world seasonality, and encourage the audience to celebrate both.
Sleep Loss Promotes Astrocytic Phagocytosis and Microglial Activation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Bellesi Michele , de Vivo Luisa , Chini Mattia , Gilli Francesca , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara 
Published: May 2017

We previously found thatMertkand its ligandGas6, astrocytic genes involved in phagocytosis, are upregulated after acute sleep deprivation. These results suggested that astrocytes may engage in phagocytic activity during extended wake, but direct evidence was lacking. Studies in humans and rodents also found that sleep loss increases peripheral markers of inflammation, but whether these changes are associated with neuroinflammation and/or activation of microglia, the brain's resident innate immune cells, was unknown. Here we used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to obtain 3D volume measurements of synapses and surrounding astrocytic processes in mouse frontal cortex after 6–8 h of sleep, spontaneous wake, or sleep deprivation (SD) and after chronic (∼5 d) sleep restriction (CSR). Astrocytic phagocytosis, mainly of presynaptic components of large synapses, increased after both acute and chronic sleep loss relative to sleep and wake. MERTK expression and lipid peroxidation in synaptoneurosomes also increased to a similar extent after short and long sleep loss, suggesting that astrocytic phagocytosis may represent the brain's response to the increase in synaptic activity associated with prolonged wake, clearing worn components of heavily used synapses. Using confocal microscopy, we then found that CSR but not SD mice show morphological signs of microglial activation and enhanced microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements, without obvious signs of neuroinflammation in the CSF. Because low-level sustained microglia activation can lead to abnormal responses to a secondary insult, these results suggest that chronic sleep loss, through microglia priming, may predispose the brain to further damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe find that astrocytic phagocytosis of synaptic elements, mostly of presynaptic origin and in large synapses, is upregulated already after a few hours of sleep deprivation and shows a further significant increase after prolonged and severe sleep loss, suggesting that it may promote the housekeeping of heavily used and strong synapses in response to the increased neuronal activity of extended wake. By contrast, chronic sleep restriction but not acute sleep loss activates microglia, promotes their phagocytic activity, and does so in the absence of overt signs of neuroinflammation, suggesting that like many other stressors, extended sleep disruption may lead to a state of sustained microglia activation, perhaps increasing the brain's susceptibility to other forms of damage.
Abnormal glycogen chain length pattern, not hyperphosphorylation, is critical in Lafora disease
Authors: Nitschke Felix , Sullivan Mitchell A , Wang Peixiang , Zhao Xiaochu , Chown Erin E , Perri Ami M , Israelian Lori , Juana‐López Lucia , Bovolenta Paola , Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago , Steup Martin , Minassian Berge A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLafora disease (LD) is a fatal progressive epilepsy essentially caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the glycogen phosphatase laforin or the ubiquitin E3 ligase malin. Glycogen in LD is hyperphosphorylated and poorly hydrosoluble. It precipitates and accumulates into neurotoxic Lafora bodies (LBs). The leading LD hypothesis that hyperphosphorylation causes the insolubility was recently challenged by the observation that phosphatase‐inactive laforin rescues the laforin‐deficient LD mouse model, apparently through correction of a general autophagy impairment. We were for the first time able to quantify brain glycogen phosphate. We also measured glycogen content and chain lengths, LBs, and autophagy markers in several laforin‐ or malin‐deficient mouse lines expressing phosphatase‐inactive laforin. We find that: (i) in laforin‐deficient mice, phosphatase‐inactive laforin corrects glycogen chain lengths, and not hyperphosphorylation, which leads to correction of glycogen amounts and prevention of LBs; (ii) in malin‐deficient mice, phosphatase‐inactive laforin confers no correction; (iii) general impairment of autophagy is not necessary in LD. We conclude that laforin's principle function is to control glycogen chain lengths, in a malin‐dependent fashion, and that loss of this control underlies LD.
Perceived employability trajectories: A Swedish cohort study
Authors: Kirves) Kaisa Törnroos (née , Bernhard-Oettel Claudia , Leineweber Constanze 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study identified perceived employability trajectories and their associations with sleeping difficulties and depressive symptoms over time.

Methods
The sample was part of the Swedish Longitudinal Survey on Health from 2008 to 2014 (n=4,583).

Results
Two stable trajectories (high and low perceived employability over time) and three trajectories with changes (increasing, decreasing, and V-shaped perceived employability over time) were identified. Workers with stable low perceived employability reported more sleeping difficulties and depressive symptoms than those who perceived high or increasing employability.

Conclusion
Perceived employability is a rather stable personal resource, which is associated with wellbeing over time. However, changes in perceived employability do not seem to be echoed in wellbeing, at least not as immediately as theoretically expected.
EFECTO DE LOS SERVICIOS CONTABLES EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES DE LAS PYMES
Authors: BERMÚDEZ CARRILLO LUIS ALBERTO 
Published: May 2017

El propósito del presente artículo es analizar el efecto que tiene para la toma de decisiones de las pymes contratar servicios contables. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se planteó la pregunta en relación a, qué tanto ayuda a la toma de decisiones de las pymes el contratar los servicios contables en lugar de desarrollarlos dentro de la empresa. Para el análisis se consideraron las variables: tipo de actividad comercial y económica que desarrollan, el tipo de servicio e información contable que demandan, las capacidades técnicas que tienen para entender y extraer de la información contable datos relevantes que se apliquen a la toma de decisiones y los criterios por los cuales contratan servicios contables. Como muestra para la realización del estudio, se trabajó con 61 pymes, todas ellas contratan servicios contables; la muestra fue seleccionada intencionalmente por la naturaleza de la pyme y por su ubicación. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que las pymes contratan servicios principalmente para la presentación de los reportes e informes tributarios, carecen de formación académica y técnica para poder hacerles frente a los procesos contables, conocen los estados financieros, pero no saben interpretarlos, contratan servicios contables por precio, confianza y puntualidad. Algunos motivos por los cuales no realizan su propia contabilidad son la falta de capacitación y la falta de recursos económicos.
Structural Characterization of Nc-Si/A-Sio2 Superlattices Subjected To Thermal Treatment
Authors: Grom G. F. , Tsybeskov L. , Hirschman K. D. , Fauchet P. M. , McCaffrey J. P. , Labbé H. J. , Lockwood D. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe morphology of nanocrystalline (nc)-Si/amorphous (a)-SiO2 superlattices (SLs) is studied using Raman spectroscopy in the acoustic and optical phonon ranges, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is demonstrated that high temperature annealing (up to 1100°C) and oxidation in O2/H2O ambient do not destroy the SL structure, which retains its original periodicity and nc-Si/a-SiO2 interface abruptness. It is found that oxidation at high temperatures reduces the defect density in nc-Si/a-SiO2 SLs and induces the lateral coalescence of Si nanocrystals (NCs). The size, shape, packing density, and crystallographic orientation of the Si nanocrystals are studied as a function of the oxidation time.
Surface Chemistry of Porous Silicon
Authors: Chazalviel J.-N. , Ozanam F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs-prepared porous silicon comes out covered with covalently bonded hydrogen. This hydrogen coating provides a good electronic passivation of the surface, but it exhibits limited stability, being removed by thermal desorption or converted into an oxide upon prolonged storage in air. Starting from the hydrogenated surface, an oxide layer with good electronic properties is also obtained by anodic oxidation or rapid thermal oxidation.The hydrogenated surface may be nitridized using thermal treatments in nitrogen or ammonia. Fast halogenation of the surface may be obtained at room temperature, but the resulting coating is rapidly converted to an oxide in the presence of moisture. Many metals have been incorporated into the pores, using chemical or vacuum techniques, or even direct incorporation during porous silicon formation.More interestingly, organic derivatization may increase surface stability or provide chemical functionalities. The poor reactivity of the hydrogenated surface can be remedied by using various methods: thermal desorption of hydrogen, hydroxylation or halogenation of the surface, thermal or UV assisted reaction. However, most promising results have been obtained through either Lewis-acid catalyzed grafting or electrochemical activation of the surface. The latter method has been used for grafting formate, alkoxy, and recently methyl groups. In most of these methods, oxidation is present as a parallel path, and care must be taken if it is not desired. Also, 100% substitution of the hydrogens by organic groups has never been attained, due to steric hindrance problems. The electrochemical method appears especially fast, and has led to 80% substitution of the hydrogens by methyl groups, with no photoluminescence loss and a chemical stability increased by one order of magnitude.
Functionalization of Porous Silicon Surfaces by Solution-Phase Reactions with Alcohols and Grignard Reagents
Authors: Kim N. Y. , Laibinis P. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the covalent attachment of various organic molecules to the hydrogenterminated surface of porous silicon using alcohols and Grignard reagents. With alcohols, the chemical reaction forms Si-O-C attachments to the silicon substrate and requires modest heating (40–70 °C). With Grignard reagents, the reaction proceeds at room temperature and forms a covalent film that is attached by Si-C bonds to the silicon support. Evidence for these reactions is provided by infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.
Electro-Polymerization in Porous Silicon Films
Authors: Soni R. K. , Fonseca L. F. , Resto O. , Guadalupe A. , Weisz S. Z. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLuminescent porous silicon films were created by electrochemical anodization of n-type substrate under light illumination. Semi-transparent conducting polypyrrole films were deposited by electrochemical polymerization at a low current density. The SEM micrographs showed that the polymer film impregnates into the wide vertical pores of 1–5 µm and grows sideways suggesting strong current distribution on the walls. The AFM images of polymer surface reveal nanometer size polymer aggregates on the porous layer. The impregnation of the polymer film due to sideways growth provides a useful mean to fabricate stable contact for light emitting diodes from porous silicon.