bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Se partager les affaires européennes : aux origines du système français de coordination
Authors: Mangenot Michel 
Published: October 2016

Résumé Le mode français de coordination aux affaires européennes se caractérise par une forte centralisation et une stricte répartition des tâches entre « Paris » avec le SGCI, devenu en 2005 le SGAE, et « Bruxelles » avec la Représentation Permanente (RP) auprès de l’UE. Il est à l’origine le fruit d’une intense concurrence entre le ministère des finances et celui des affaires étrangères analysée comme un Yalta administratif. Cet article revient sur les conditions de création du SGCI en 1948 et de la RP en 1958 visant à contrôler les relations avec les institutions européennes puis sur « l’interministérialisation » de ces deux administrations d’état-major et la politisation inédite de la fonction de secrétaire général des affaires européennes.
« Paris-Bologne » : comment s’élabore la position française dans l’espace européen d’enseignement supérieur ?
Authors: Ravinet Pauline 
Published: October 2016

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la définition de la position nationale française dans l’Espace européen d’enseignement supérieur (EEES), cas limite de « nouvelle gouvernance européenne » à la marge de l’UE. Observe-t-on un ajustement du circuit classique de définition de la position nationale ou la mise en place de mécanismes alternatifs ? Suivant une démarche qualitative inductive, cette étude identifie la constellation d’acteurs impliqués, recompose sa méthode de travail, et analyse les logiques de polarisation dans la définition de la position française entre le « sup’ communautaire » et le processus de Bologne.
London Calling: Revisiting the National Coordination of EU policy in the UK
Authors: Kassim Hussein 
Published: October 2016

Résumé – London calling : reconsidérer la coordination nationale des affaires européennes au Royaume-Uni – La coordination britannique des affaires européennes a fait l’objet d’une attention considérable, mais un grand nombre d’enjeux restent en suspens. Cet article est construit en trois temps. Premièrement, malgré le rôle que les ministères sectoriels jouent dans le système, le Royaume-Uni reste encore très centralisé. Deuxièmement, derrière la revendication d’une forte continuité institutionnelle, le système de coordination britannique a connu beaucoup de changements significatifs de second ordre qui n’ont pas été sans conséquences sur son fonctionnement. Troisièmement, cet article présente de nouvelles analyses qui montrent que l’efficience administrative britannique s’est traduite en efficacité au niveau européen. Le Royaume-Uni obtient beaucoup de ce qu’elle souhaite à Bruxelles car elle y est influente et non marginalisée comme certains le prétendent.
ICOS-Ligand Triggering Impairs Osteoclast Differentiation and Function In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Gigliotti Casimiro L. , Boggio Elena , Clemente Nausicaa , Shivakumar Yogesh , Toth Erika , Sblattero Daniele , D’Amelio Patrizia , Isaia Giovanni C. , Dianzani Chiara , Yagi Junji , Rojo Josè M. , Chiocchetti Annalisa , Boldorini Renzo , Bosetti Michela , Dianzani Umberto 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts (OCs) are involved in the bone production and resorption, which are crucial in bone homeostasis. OC hyperactivation plays a role in the exaggerated bone resorption of diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteolytic tumor metastases. This work stems from the finding that OCs can express B7h (ICOS-Ligand), which is the ligand of the ICOS T cell costimulatory molecule. Because recent reports have shown that, in endothelial, dendritic, and tumor cells, B7h triggering modulates several activities of these cells, we analyzed the effect of B7h triggering by recombinant ICOS-Fc on OC differentiation and function. The results showed that ICOS-Fc inhibits RANKL-mediated differentiation of human monocyte-derived OC-like cells (MDOCs) by inhibiting the acquirement of the OC morphology, the CD14− cathepsin K+ phenotype, and the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, OSCAR, NFATc1, and DC-STAMP. Moreover, ICOS-Fc induces a reversible decrease in the sizes of cells and nuclei and cathepsin K expression in mature MDOCs. Finally, ICOS-Fc inhibits the osteolytic activities of MDOCs in vitro and the development of bone loss in ovariectomized or soluble RANKL-treated mice. These findings open a novel field in the pharmacological use of agonists and antagonists of the ICOS–B7h system.
Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for the Rapid Detection of Alternaria alternata
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Xu Guojie , Tang Huaqi , Li Yanpeng , Liu Chunsheng 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Fungi of the Alternaria genus are associated with allergic diseases, with Alternaria alternata being one of the most prevalent species. A. alternata has been frequently reported as the etiologic agent of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinosinusitis, bronchial asthma,and other diseases. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and a real-time PCR assay to detect low levels of A. alternata in herbal tea samples. The LAMP assay can detect as little as 3 pg/μL of A. alternata genomic DNA with high specificity. In addition, both the LAMP assay and the real-time PCR assay can be used for quantification of A. alternata. Although the newly developed LAMP assay is more rapid and specific in A. alternata identification, the real-time PCR assay is more precise in quantitation analysis.
Professionalism in Pathology: A Case-Based Approach as a Potential Educational Tool
Authors: Domen Ronald E. , Johnson Kristen , Conran Richard Michael , Hoffman Robert D. , Post Miriam D. , Steinberg Jacob J. , Brissette Mark D. , Gratzinger Dita A. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Raciti Patricia M. , Roberts Cory Anthony , Rojiani Amyn M. , Powell Suzanne Z. 
Published: October 2016

Context.—Professionalism issues in residency training can be difficult to assess and manage. Generational or role-based differences may also exist between faculty and residents as to what constitutes unprofessional behavior and how to manage it.
Objective.—To examine and compare how faculty and residents would approach the same 5 case scenarios detailing various aspects of unprofessional behavior.
Design.—Five case scenarios highlighting various unprofessional behaviors were presented in a workshop at an annual meeting of pathology department chairs, residency program directors, and undergraduate pathology medical educators (ie, pathologists involved in medical student pathology education). The same cases were presented to a cohort of pathology residents currently in training. A standard set of responses were offered to the participants, polling results were collected electronically, and results were compared.
Results.—Faculty and residents were fairly consistent within their respective groups. In a subset of cases, faculty were more likely to favor working with the individual in the scenario, whereas resident respondents were more likely to favor either no response or a severe response. Generational or role-based differences were also potentially evident.
Conclusions.—Assessing expectations and differences around professionalism for both faculty and residents should be considered as part of any educational and management approach for professionalism. Although a level of generational differences appears to be evident in this study regarding the recognition and management of unprofessional behavior, there was also agreement in some cases. Further exploration into the discrepant responses between faculty and residents may prove useful in developing educational, assessment, and remediation resources.
Quand le corps réduit au silence répond : traumatismes, contre-mélodies et « objets voix » dans la pièce Krapp’s Last Tape1
Authors: Sigg Anna , Léopold Janine 
Published: October 2016

Krapp’s Last Tape(La dernière bande) de Beckett soulève la question de ce qu’il advient de la voix silencieuse du traumatisme si on l’enregistre. En silence, nous « entendons » les échos post-traumatiques et les contre-mélodies du corps traumatisé de Krapp – une réverbération somatique et technologiquement médiatisée que Mladen Dolar appelle l’« objet voix ». La voix émanant du magnétophone prend la fonction curative du thérapeute qui fixe en silence son patient traumatisé, l’incitant à entrer dans un débat avec la reconstitution viscérale de son traumatisme. Les objets voix enregistrés de Krapp, comme son rire, sa toux et ses silences, sont des avatars d’une contre-mélodie; ils servent d’ancre réconfortante et rendent sa blessure plus accessible.
Luigi Pirandello : la voix du théâtre face à la machine qui parle
Authors: Vladova Tania 
Published: October 2016

À ce jour, il manque encore une prise en compte conséquente de l’importance du son, de la voix et de l’écoute dans les réflexions de Luigi Pirandello sur le théâtre et les nouveaux médias. Le présent article contribue à combler cette lacune par une mise en contexte et une lecture attentive des propos novateurs de Pirandello sur le son et l’écoute à la radio, au cinéma et au théâtre ainsi que par un nouvel éclairage sur sa dernière pièce, Les géants de la montagne. Lue dans cette perspective, celle-ci apparaît entièrement consacrée à la voix du théâtre et à la crise de l’écoute dans le monde contemporain.
L’écoute en scène : les espaces sonnants dans Inferno de Romeo Castellucci
Authors: Lafrance Maude B. 
Published: October 2016

Le metteur en scène italien Romeo Castellucci fait un usage tout à fait singulier des matériaux scéniques, parmi lesquels l’environnement sonore occupe une fonction centrale et atypique. Le spectacle Inferno marque en ce sens une nouvelle appropriation par la scène des possibilités du sonore. S’affranchissant de sa fonction de bruitage et dépassant le registre musical, le son se mêle aux actions scéniques de manière dynamique. Cette création témoigne d’un processus de « dé-référentialisation » de la dimension sonore. Ne renvoyant plus qu’à elles-mêmes, les présences sonores peuvent entrer en dialogue avec les autres matières en scène. Cette écologie renouvelée de la scène place le spectateur face à lui-même et à son écoute. Cet article explore comment l’oeuvre de Castellucci peut nous éclairer sur la notion d’écoute comprise « non comme un déchiffrage, mais comme un événement » (Antoine Hennion).
L’IRCAM et la voix augmentée au théâtre : les nouvelles technologies sonores au service de la dramaturgie
Authors: Beller Grégory 
Published: October 2016

Cet article vise à rendre publiques de nouvelles solutions créatives pour la dramaturgie sonore dans le spectacle vivant. Ces nouvelles technologies sont le fruit d’une trentaine d’années de recherches sur la voix menées par plusieurs équipes de l’Institut de recherche et coordination acoustique / musique (IRCAM). Dans un premier temps, la problématique générale du traitement automatique de la voix est abordée afin de situer la spécificité de l’IRCAM dans le contexte international de la recherche sur la parole et dans le but de présenter différents facteurs qui rendent, aujourd’hui, les nouvelles technologies sonores bénéfiques à la création artistique. Dans un deuxième temps, cet article tente de présenter différents outils qui peuvent apporter des éléments de réponse à des questions dramaturgiques. Enfin, la dernière partie de l’article porte une attention particulière au suivi de voix, jeune technologie prometteuse qui sert la composition théâtrale et la régie sonore. Cet article se termine par un rappel de l’importance d’intégrer ces outils dans le processus de création, les distinguant par là des techniques d’amplification palliative du théâtre.
Electric field response in bilayer graphene: Ab initio investigation
Authors: Mori Yutaro , Minamitani Emi , Ando Yasunobu , Kasamatsu Shusuke , Watanabe Satoshi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Stimulated by quantum capacitance measurements, we have investigated the electric properties of bilayer graphene (BLG) with carrier doping under an external electric field using ab initio calculations. We found that the relative permittivity of BLG depends weakly on the applied electric field, and that the BLG can be regarded as a dielectric material rather than a pair of metallic films. We also found that carrier doping affects the band gap of BLG under electric fields, although carrier doping has a much smaller effect on the band gap and density of states than the application of electric fields.
3‐D high‐speed imaging of volcanic bomb trajectory in basaltic explosive eruptions
Authors: Gaudin D. , Taddeucci J. , Houghton B. F. , Orr T. R. , Andronico D. , Del Bello E. , Kueppers U. , Ricci T. , Scarlato P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractImaging, in general, and high speed imaging in particular are important emerging tools for the study of explosive volcanic eruptions. However, traditional 2‐D video observations cannot measure volcanic ejecta motion toward and away from the camera, strongly hindering our capability to fully determine crucial hazard‐related parameters such as explosion directionality and pyroclasts' absolute velocity. In this paper, we use up to three synchronized high‐speed cameras to reconstruct pyroclasts trajectories in three dimensions. Classical stereographic techniques are adapted to overcome the difficult observation conditions of active volcanic vents, including the large number of overlapping pyroclasts which may change shape in flight, variable lighting and clouding conditions, and lack of direct access to the target. In particular, we use a laser rangefinder to measure the geometry of the filming setup and manually track pyroclasts on the videos. This method reduces uncertainties to 10° in azimuth and dip angle of the pyroclasts, and down to 20% in the absolute velocity estimation. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by three examples: the development of an explosion at Stromboli, a bubble burst at Halema'uma'u lava lake, and an in‐flight collision between two bombs at Stromboli.
Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients
Authors: Chang Linda , Løhaugen Gro C. , Andres Tamara , Jiang Caroline S. , Douet Vanessa , Tanizaki Naomi , Walker Christina , Castillo Deborrah , Lim Ahnate , Skranes Jon , Otoshi Chad , Miller Eric N. , Ernst Thomas M. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adaptive working memory (WM) training (WMT) program, the corresponding neural correlates, and LMX1A‐rs4657412 polymorphism on the adaptive WMT, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) participants compared to seronegative (SN) controls.MethodsA total of 201 of 206 qualified participants completed baseline assessments before randomization to 25 sessions of adaptive WMT or nonadaptive WMT. A total of 74 of 76 (34 HIV, 42 SN) completed adaptive WMT and all 40 completed nonadaptive WMT (20 HIV, 20 SN) and were assessed after 1 month, and 55 adaptive WMT participants were also assessed after 6 months. Nontrained near‐transfer WM tests (Digit‐Span, Spatial‐Span), self‐reported executive functioning, and functional magnetic resonance images during 1‐back and 2‐back tasks were performed at baseline and each follow‐up visit, and LMX1A‐rs4657412 was genotyped in all participants.ResultsAlthough HIV participants had slightly lower cognitive performance and start index than SN at baseline, both groups improved on improvement index (>30%; false discovery rate [FDR] corrected p < 0.0008) and nontrained WM tests after adaptive WMT (FDR corrected, p ≤ 0.001), but not after nonadaptive WMT (training by training type corrected, p = 0.01 to p = 0.05) 1 month later. HIV participants (especially LMX1A‐G carriers) also had poorer self‐reported executive functioning than SN, but both groups reported improvements after adaptive WMT (Global: training FDR corrected, p = 0.004), and only HIV participants improved after nonadaptive WMT. HIV participants also had greater frontal activation than SN at baseline, but brain activation decreased in both groups at 1 and 6 months after adaptive WMT (FDR corrected, p < 0.0001), with normalization of brain activation in HIV participants, especially the LMX1A‐AA carriers (LMX1A genotype by HIV status, cluster‐corrected‐p < 0.0001).InterpretationAdaptive WMT, but not nonadaptive WMT, improved WM performance in both SN and HIV participants, and the accompanied decreased or normalized brain activation suggest improved neural efficiency, especially in HIV‐LMX1A‐AA carriers who might have greater dopaminergic reserve. These findings suggest that adaptive WMT may be an effective adjunctive therapy for WM deficits in HIV participants. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:17–34
Noncovalent Functionalization of Black Phosphorus
Authors: Abellán Gonzalo , Lloret Vicent , Mundloch Udo , Marcia Mario , Neiss Christian , Görling Andreas , Varela Maria , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) was functionalized with organic moieties on the basis of liquid exfoliation. The treatment of BP with electron‐withdrawing 7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane (TCNQ) led to electron transfer from BP to the organic dopant. On the other hand, the noncovalent interaction of BP with a perylene diimide was mainly due to van der Waals interactions but also led to considerable stabilization of the BP flakes against oxygen degradation.
Kooperative Katalyse mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen
Authors: Wang Michael H. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie Katalyse mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen (NHC) hat sich in der organischen Synthese zu einer leistungsfähigen Strategie entwickelt, um komplexe Moleküle hauptsächlich durch Umpolungsverfahren aufzubauen. Diese einzigartigen Lewis‐Basen wurden verwendet, um Acylanionen, Enolate und Homoenolate katalytisch zu generieren. Kürzlich wurde eine neue Strategie entwickelt, mit der die Anwendbarkeit der Carbenkatalyse bei Synthesen durch den wirksamen Einsatz zusätzlicher Aktivierungsarten erheblich erweitert werden konnte: die kooperative Katalyse. Durch die sorgfältige Auswahl von Cokatalysatoren können Reaktivitäten, Ausbeuten und Stereoselektivitäten verbessert werden. In einigen Fällen haben diese katalytischen Additive die Regioselektivität oder Diastereoselektivität verändert. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die neuesten Fortschritte bei der kooperativen Katalyse mit NHCs herausgestellt und die Gesamtentwicklung des Gebiets betrachtet.
A Thermally Populated, Perpendicularly Twisted Alkene Triplet Diradical
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Regimbald‐Krnel Michèle J. , Müller Dennis , Comba Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVariable‐temperature NMR and ESR spectroscopic studies reveal that bis(dibenzo[a,i]fluorenylidene) 1 possesses a singlet ground state, 1(S0), while the 90° twisted triplet 1(T1) is populated to a small extent already at room temperature. Analysis of the increasing amount of paramagnetic 1(T1) at temperatures between 300 and 500 K yields the exchange interaction Jex/h c=3351 cm−1 and a singlet–triplet energy splitting of 9.6 kcal mol−1, which is in excellent agreement with calculations (9.3 kcal mol−1 at the UKS BP86/B3LYP/revPBE level of theory). In contrast, the zero‐field splitting parameter D is very small (calculated value −0.018 cm−1) and unmeasurable.
Exploiting the Imidazolium Effect in Base‐free Ammonium Enolate Generation: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Young Claire M. , Stark Daniel G. , West Thomas H. , Taylor James E. , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractN‐Acyl imidazoles and catalytic isothiourea hydrochloride salts function as ammonium enolate precursors in the absence of base. Enantioselective Michael addition–cyclization reactions using different α,β‐unsaturated Michael acceptors have been performed to form dihydropyranones and dihydropyridinones with high stereoselectivity. Detailed mechanistic studies using RPKA have revealed the importance of the “imidazolium” effect in ammonium enolate formation and have highlighted key differences with traditional base‐mediated processes.
Energetic N‐Nitramino/N‐Oxyl‐Functionalized Pyrazoles with Versatile π–π Stacking: Structure–Property Relationships of High‐Performance Energetic Materials
Authors: Yin Ping , Mitchell Lauren A. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractN‐Nitramino/N‐oxyl functionalization strategies were employed to investigate structure–property relationships of energetic materials. Based on single‐crystal diffraction data, π–π stacking of pyrazole backbones can be tailored effectively by energetic functionalities, thereby resulting in diversified energetic compounds. Among them, hydroxylammonium 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐olate and dipotassium N,N′‐(3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1,4‐diyl)dinitramidate, with unique face‐to‐face π–π stacking, can be potentially used as a high‐performance explosive and an energetic oxidizer, respectively.
Development of a Photoactivatable Phosphine Probe for Induction of Intracellular Reductive Stress with Single‐Cell Precision
Authors: Tirla Alina , Rivera‐Fuentes Pablo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotoactivatable phosphines that induce intracellular reductive stress are reported. The design of these probes takes advantage of the conjugate addition of trialkylphosphines to carbocyanine dyes, which can be reverted photochemically to produce the trialkylphosphine and a fluorescent reporter. The photochemical release depends on the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer from the indolenine arm of the probe to the coumarin acceptor. These probes readily permeate the mammalian plasma membrane and can be photoactivated in live cells. Upon irradiation of the probe, the released trialkylphosphine induces intracellular reductive stress, which ultimately leads to formation of thioflavin‐positive intracellular protein aggregates. These effects could be induced in individual cells within a monolayer, with minimal disturbance of neighboring cells.
Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High‐Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Kontturi Eero , Meriluoto Anne , Penttilä Paavo A. , Baccile Niki , Malho Jani‐Markus , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas , Ruokolainen Janne , Serimaa Ritva , Laine Janne , Sixta Herbert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite the structural, load‐bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. Herein, we show how the exposure of plant‐based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. The study serves as a starting point for the solid‐state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials.