bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Fellowship Training for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Lake AeuMuro G. , Rickey Leslie M. 
Published: March 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize distinguishing features among gynecology, urology, and combined female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) fellowship programs and practices.

Methods
A 32-item Web-based survey was sent to fellowship directors of FPMRS programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The survey assessed the structure of the fellowship, as well as the degree to which gynecology and urology are integrated into the fellowship training. In addition to descriptive statistics, Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Forty-one program directors (PDs) completed the survey for a 76% response rate. Of the respondents, 78% were gynecologists, and 22% were urologists. Sixty-five percent of the respondents considered their program gynecology based, 7.5% considered their program urology based, 22.5% considered their program fully integrated (urology and gynecology equal sharing), and 5% have separate tracks for urology fellows and gynecology fellows. Sixty-one percent of the programs accept both urology and gynecology fellows in their fellowship programs. Approximately two thirds of the PDs are happy with the fellowship model at their institution, whereas the remaining one third would like greater integration of gynecology and urology in fellowship training. Almost 90% of the respondents felt that there were benefits to an integrated program. The top benefits were reported as more exchange of information, better relationships, more comprehensive training, exposure to different treatment approaches, and improved care for women. For those PDs who desire a more integrated program, the top barriers listed were departmental competition/politics, lack of formally trained urology faculty, and expense.

Conclusions
There are several FPMRS fellowship models. A significant proportion of PDs would like a more integrated fellowship program, and an overwhelming majority note benefits for themselves and their fellows that result from increased contact with a diverse FPMRS faculty.
A modified ‘NanoSuit®’ preserves wet samples in high vacuum: direct observations on cells and tissues in field-emission scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Takaku Yasuharu , Suzuki Hiroshi , Kawasaki Hideya , Ohta Isao , Ishii Daisuke , Hirakawa Satoshi , Tsutsui Takami , Matsumoto Haruko , Takehara Sayuri , Nakane Chinatsu , Sakaida Kana , Suzuki Chiaki , Muranaka Yoshinori , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Konno Hiroyuki , Shimomura Masatsugu , Hariyama Takahiko 
Published: March 2017

Although field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has proven very useful in biomedical research, the high vacuum required (10
−3
to 10
−7
Pa) precludes direct observations of living cells and tissues at high resolution and often produces unwanted structural changes. We have previously described a method that allows the investigator to keep a variety of insect larvae alive in the high vacuum environment of the electron microscope by encasing the organisms in a thin, vacuum-proof suit, the ‘NanoSuit®'. However, it was impossible to protect wet tissues freshly excised from intact organisms or cultured cells. Here we describe an improved ‘NanoSuit' technique to overcome this limitation. We protected the specimens with a surface shield enhancer (SSE) solution that consists of glycerine and electrolytes and found that the fine structure of the SSE-treated specimens is superior to that of conventionally prepared specimens. The SSE-based NanoSuit affords a much stronger barrier to gas and/or liquid loss than the previous NanoSuit did and, since it allows more detailed images, it could significantly help to elucidate the ‘real' organization of cells and their functions.
Tbxl repressesMef2cgene expression by inducing histone 3 deacetylation of the anterior heart field enhancer
Authors: Pane Luna Simona , Fulcoli Filomena Gabriella , Cirino Andrea , Altomonte Alessandra , Ferrentino Rosa , Bilio Marchesa , Baldini Antonio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTheTBX1gene is haploinsufficient in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), and genetic evidence from human patients and mouse models points to a major role of this gene in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Tbx1 can activate and repress transcription and previous work has shown that one of its functions is to negatively modulate cardiomyocyte differentiation. Tbx1 occupies the anterior heart field (AHF) enhancer of theMef2cgene, which encodes a key cardiac differentiation transcription factor. Here we show that increased dosage ofTbx1is associated with down regulation ofMef2cexpression and reduced acetylation of its AHF enhancer in cultured mouse myoblasts. Consistently, 22q11.2DS-derived and in vitro differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) expressed higher levels ofMef2cand showed increased AHF acetylation, compared to hiPSCs from a healthy donor. Most importantly, we show that in mouse embryos, loss ofTbx1enhances the expression of the Mef2c-AHF-Cre transgene in a specific region of the splanchnic mesoderm, and in a dosage-dependent manner, providing anin vivocorrelate of our cell culture data. These results indicate that Tbx1 regulates the Mef2c-AHF enhancer by inducing histone deacetylation.
Conflicting evolutionary histories of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in New WorldMyotisbats
Authors: Platt Roy N. , Faircloth Brant C. , Sullivan Kevin A.M. , Kieran Troy , Glenn Travis C. , Vandewege Michael W. , Lee Thomas E. , Baker Robert J. , Stevens Richard D. , Ray David A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe rapid diversification ofMyotisbats into more than 100 species is one of the most extensive mammalian radiations available for study. Efforts to understand relationships withinMyotishave primarily utilized mitochondrial markers and trees inferred from nuclear markers lacked resolution. Our current understanding of relationships withinMyotisis therefore biased towards a set of phylogenetic markers that may not reflect the history of the nuclear genome. To resolve this, we sequenced the full mitochondrial genomes of 37 representativeMyotis,primarily from the New World, in conjunction with targeted sequencing of 3,648 ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We inferred the phylogeny and explored the effects of concatenation and summary phylogenetic methods, as well as combinations of markers based on informativeness or levels of missing data, on our results. Of the 294 phylogenies generated from the nuclear UCE data, all are significantly different from phylogenies inferred using mitochondrial genomes. Even within the nuclear data, quartet frequencies indicate that around half of all UCE loci conflict with the estimated species tree. Several factors can drive such conflict, including incomplete lineage sorting, introgressive hybridization, or even phylogenetic error. Despite the degree of discordance between nuclear UCE loci and the mitochondrial genome and among UCE loci themselves, the most common nuclear topology is recovered in one quarter of all analyses with strong nodal support. Based on these results, we re-examine the evolutionary history ofMyotisto better understand the phenomena driving their unique nuclear, mitochondrial, and biogeographic histories.
So long, and thanks for only using readily available scripts
Authors: Holm Hannes , Sommestad Teodor 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
It is often argued that the increased automation and availability of offensive cyber tools has decreased the skill and knowledge required by attackers. Some say that all it takes to succeed with an attack is to follow some instructions and push some buttons. This paper aims to tests this idea empirically through live exploits and vulnerable machines in a cyber range.

Design/methodology/approach
The experiment involved 204 vulnerable machines in a cyber range. Exploits were chosen based on the results of automated vulnerability scanning. Each exploit was executed following a set of carefully planned actions that enabled reliable tests. A total of 1,223 exploitation attempts were performed.

Findings
A mere eight exploitation attempts succeeded. All these involved the same exploit module (ms08_067_netapi). It is concluded that server-side attacks still are too complicated for novices who lack the skill or knowledge to tune their attacks.

Originality/value
This paper presents the largest conducted test of exploit effectiveness to date. It also presents a sound method for reliable tests of exploit effectiveness (or system vulnerability).
Chief financial officer (CFO) characteristics and ERP system adoption
Authors: Hiebl Martin R.W. , Gärtner Bernhard , Duller Christine 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between characteristics of chief financial officers (CFOs) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) system adoption. Following upper echelons theory, the authors theorize that CFO age, education, tenure and recruitment influence ERP system adoption, and that this relationship is moderated by the CFO being responsible for firm-wide information technology (IT) functions.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is based on a survey of 296 large and medium-sized Austrian firms. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between CFO characteristics and ERP system adoption.FindingsThe authors find that firms with externally recruited CFOs have adopted ERP systems significantly more often than firms with internally promoted CFOs. Surprisingly, the results indicate that firms with less educated CFOs more often adopted an ERP system, and that the relationship between CFO characteristics and ERP system adoption is not moderated by the CFO being responsible for IT.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper adds to the literature by corroborating case-based evidence that CFOs and their characteristics influence ERP system adoption. Extending previous research which indicates that CFO characteristics influence accounting practices, the authors show that CFO characteristics also influence technological innovation such as the adoption of ERP systems. Future research on technological innovation may therefore pay closer attention to the influence of CFOs.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to quantitatively test the influence of CFO characteristics on ERP system adoption.
Advancing sustainable business through discourse: a conceptual framework
Authors: Gauthier Jeffrey 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between individuals’ discursive practices and organizational-level strategic change with respect to sustainability strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken integrates Hart’s natural resource-based view of the firm with discourse theory.FindingsA conceptual model of the relationship between discursive practices and strategic change is proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper’s model serves as a foundation on which future empirical research on the effectiveness of specific discursive practices can be conducted.Originality/valueMuch of strategy research is notable for the absence of discussion on human actors and actions. The paper helps to fill this gap, contributing to existing scholarship by examining the micro-foundations of sustainability strategy through the fundamental role of individuals’ discursive practices.
CSR practices, ISO 26000 and performance among Malaysian automotive suppliers
Authors: Mohd Fuzi Nursyazwani , Habidin Nurul Fadly , Hibadullah Siti Norhafizan , Ong Sharon Yong Yee 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, ISO 26000 and corporate social responsibility performance (CSRP) among Malaysian automotive suppliers.

Design/methodology/approach
For this research purpose, 400 questionnaires were given simultaneously to each Proton and Perodua automotive supplier by the researcher. In all, 288 sets of questionnaire were successfully collected, which showed a 72 per cent response rate for the 400 questionnaires distributed to Proton and Perodua automotive suppliers. In this study, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was utilized to perform the required statistical analysis of the data survey. To test the reliability and validity of the instruments, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed.

Findings
The findings indicate that the relationship between CSR practices and CSRP was positive and significant, and the relationship between CSR practices and ISO 26000 was also positive and significant. ISO 26000 has a direct positive and significant relationship with CSRP. Therefore, ISO 26000 mediates the relationship between CSR practices and CSRP. The results indicate that ISO 26000 could be considered as a partial mediator. Therefore, the impact of implementation of CSR practices on performance increases with ISO 26000 as a mediator among Malaysian automotive suppliers.

Practical implications
This research provides important guidelines for automotive and related companies to implement CSR practices and ISO 26000 to improve CSRP. Malaysian automotive suppliers may need to consider the measurement of CSR practices, ISO 26000 and CSRP as beneficial to their company. Based on the findings, Malaysian automotive suppliers can apply the ISO 26000 as the guideline for CSR practices to increase the CSRP.

Originality/value
This research makes a new contribution to ISO 26000 between CSR practices and CSRP, especially for Malaysian automotive suppliers, by using the SEM technique. This research provides important information for decision-makers involved in CSR practices, ISO 26000 and CSRP implementation and also provides useful reference for future researchers in this research area.
Extraintestinal infection of Helicobacter cinaedi induced by oral administration to Balb/c mice
Authors: Taniguchi Takako , Saeki Yuji , Okayama Akihiko , Hayashi Tetsuya , Misawa Naoaki 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough Helicobacter cinaedi was initially considered an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients, it was later shown to also infect immunocompetent and healthy individuals. Sporadic bacteremia due to H. cinaedi has frequently been reported; however, whether the bacterium can be translocated after passage through the intestinal mucosa remains unclear. In the present study, a preclinical small animal model that faithfully reproduces H. cinaedi infection in humans was developed. Balb/c male mice were orally inoculated with a single dose of 6.8 × 107 CFU of a human clinical H. cinaedi strain. The organism persistently colonized the intestinal tract of the mice, particularly the cecum and colon, for at least 56 days, and the bacteria were excreted in the feces. Although inoculated bacteria were recovered from the spleen, liver, kidney, lung, bladder and mesenteric lymph nodes during the first 2 weeks of bacteremia, the organism was not isolated from these organs after 4 weeks, suggesting that complement‐ and antibody‐mediated serum sensitivity account for the relatively low frequency of systemic infection. However, H. cinaedi was isolated from the biceps femoris, triceps branchii, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius muscles beyond 2 weeks after infection and after production of specific anti‐H. cinaedi IgM and IgG antibodies. The present findings suggest that experimental infection of Balb/c mice with H. cinaedi may be a useful model for further studies of H. cinaedi pathogenesis, prophylaxis or therapeutic interventions in vivo.
Increasing drought effects on five European pines modulate Δ13C‐growth coupling along a Mediterranean altitudinal gradient
Authors: Shestakova Tatiana A. , Camarero Jesús Julio , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Knorre Anastasia A. , Gutiérrez Emilia , Voltas Jordi 
Published: March 2017

SummaryClimate warming increases vulnerability to drought in Mediterranean water‐limited forests. However, we still lack knowledge of the long‐term physiological responses of coexisting pine species in these forests regarding their ability to cope with warming‐induced drought stress.We investigated spatiotemporal patterns of tree performance for five isohydric pines with partially overlapping ecological niches in the eastern Iberian Peninsula along an altitudinal gradient:Pinus halepensis = Pinus pinaster ≤ Pinus nigra ≤ Pinus sylvestris ≤ Pinus uncinata.Using indexed tree‐ring widths (TRWi), we assessed the changes in the temporal coherence of radial growth (growth synchrony,âC) over the period 1902–2011 across three elevation belts: low ≈1100 m; mid = 1615 m; high = 2020 m. We also examined by mixed modelling whetherTRWishowed an increased coupling with leaf‐level gas exchange (inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination, Δ13Ci) by enhanced stomatal regulation in response to an amplified regional drought stress.Increasingly negative annual water balances (decrease in annual precipitation minus evapotranspiration = −4·8 mm year−1; 1970–2011) prompted more synchronous growth of coexisting pines between low‐ and mid‐elevation belts, withâCrising from 0·25 ± 0·04 (1902–1951) to 0·62 ± 0·05 (1962–2011). This effect was coupled with tighter stomatal regulation at mid‐elevation as indicated by high correlations betweenTRWiand Δ13Ci(>0·60 from the mid‐1970s onwards) which resembled those found at low elevation. Simultaneously,TRWivs. Δ13Ciuncoupling occurred at the high‐elevation belt across species.Weaker growth‐climate relationships as elevation increased highlighted the major role of the altitude‐dependent thermal gradient in growth responsiveness to drought; however, an intensified Δ13Ciresponse to spring water availability across elevation belts observed from mid‐1970s onwards suggested regional shifts in tree physiological activity linked to earlier seasonal drought impacts. Warming‐induced drought stress is spreading to higher altitudes in Iberian pinewoods as multispecies growth is linked to progressively tighter stomatal control of water losses reflected in wood Δ13C.
Linking animal contests and community structure using rockpool fishes as a model system
Authors: Paijmans Kai C. , Wong Marian Y. L. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryCompetition for limiting resources is a fundamental and well‐established driver of niche partitioning, which in turn promotes species coexistence and biodiversity. Although contests are a well‐known behavioural mechanism by which organisms compete over limiting resources, there has been surprisingly little application of contest theory to understanding interspecific interactions, niche partitioning, species coexistence and biodiversity.We investigated the link between contest dynamics and community structure using two intertidal rockpool fishes,Bathygobius cocosensis(Gobiidae) andLepidoblennius haplodactylus(Tripterygiidae), as model species. We assessed the abundance and distribution of the two species on intertidal rocky shores of South‐East Australia, and whether distribution patterns were related to abiotic variables. We then conducted interspecific contest experiments between pairs ofB. cocosensisandL. haplodactylusof varying size and sex under high and low dissolved oxygen levels to assess the competitive dominance of the species. To relate these results to community structure, we quantified temporal patterns of rockpool fidelity of each speciesin situ.Field surveys revealed thatB. cocosensiswas most prevalent in rockpools with higher dissolved oxygen, andL. haplodactyluswas most prevalent in rockpools that contained noB. cocosensis. Contest experiments revealed thatB. cocosensisdisplayed higher resource holding power thanL. haplodactylusregardless of size asymmetry, sex or dissolved oxygen concentration, although contest intensity was influenced by relative body size of competing individuals. Furthermore, the microhabitat preference ofL. haplodactyluswas modulated in the presence ofB. cocosensis. In the field,B. cocosensisdisplayed higher rockpool fidelity thanL. haplodactylus.In light of these findings, we propose thatB. cocosensisis the superior competitor but persistence of both species is likely facilitated by low‐cost contest resolution strategies, plasticity in microhabitat preference, negative spatial co‐variation and interspecific variation in dispersal and corresponding home range sizes.By using contest theory to understand the dynamics of interspecific contests, insight has been gained into how habitat is partitioned, species coexist and ultimately how biodiversity is maintained.Alay summaryis available for this article.
Interactions between rainfall, fire and herbivory drive resprouter vital rates in a semi‐arid ecosystem
Authors: Giljohann Katherine M. , McCarthy Michael A. , Keith David A. , Kelly Luke T. , Tozer Mark G. , Regan Tracey J. 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Global change is threatening ecosystems and biodiversity world‐wide, creating a pressing need to understand how climate and disturbance regimes interact and influence the persistence of species. We quantify how three ecosystem drivers – rainfall, fire and herbivory – influence vital rates in the perennial resprouting graminoid, Triodia scariosa, a foundation species of semi‐arid Australia.

We used an 11‐year dataset from a fire and herbivore exclosure experiment, to model flowering, post‐fire recruitment and the post‐fire survival of seedlings and resprouting plants. Regression modelling quantified the effect of rainfall, inter‐fire interval, fire type (wildfire or prescribed fire), grazing by herbivores (native and feral) and an interaction between fire type and herbivory on T. scariosa populations.

Rainfall, fire and herbivory had significant effects on post‐fire recruitment and the survival of seedlings and resprouting plants, including strong interactions between these drivers. Herbivory following wildfire had a minor effect, but in years of below‐average rainfall herbivory following prescribed fire had a large effect, reducing the survival of seedlings and resprouting plants by 20% and over 50% respectively, relative to post‐fire survival under average rainfall conditions.

Variation in rainfall underpinned significant variation in post‐fire resprouting and seedling survival, thus we postulate rainfall primarily drives the dynamics of T. scariosa populations.

Synthesis. This study highlights the importance of modelling interactions between key ecosystem drivers when predicting how changes in global climate and disturbance regimes influence plant vital rates. Relatively small changes to disturbance regimes can substantially alter population processes, even in perennial resprouting species. This work suggests that conservation of foundation species, such as T. scariosa, will benefit if fire management decisions are better integrated with inter‐annual weather forecasts and herbivore management.
Uncertainty and Monetary Policy
Authors: Kent Christopher 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article presents three dimensions of uncertainty that policy‐makers face when making policy decisions: data uncertainty, model uncertainty and unexpected events. Data uncertainty relates to both revisions and other measurement problems that imply that data are subject to a degree of ‘noise’. Model uncertainty relates to the imperfect knowledge we have on the structure of the economy, including the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and the effect of macroeconomic shocks. Unexpected events or shocks contribute to uncertainty about the future, along with the potential for the structure of the economy to evolve over time, which makes the past a poor guide to the future. The article discusses how these different dimensions of uncertainty can influence monetary policy decisions.