bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized workflow for high-throughput whole genome surveillance of Influenza A virus
Authors: Licheri Matthias , Licheri Manon F. , Mwanga Mike , Graaf-Rau Annika , Sägesser Cora , Bittel Pascal , Harder Timm , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Kelly Jenna N. , Dijkman Ronald 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is crucial for studying influenza A virus (IAV) genomic diversity in various host species to mitigate its impact on human and animal health. While the multisegment RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) efficiently amplifies all genomic segments in a single reaction, its sensitivity for larger segments is suboptimal. To improve WGS sensitivity, we optimized the mRT-PCR protocol by adjusting RT and PCR cycling conditions, achieving a 1000-fold increase in sensitivity. Additionally, we developed a dual-barcoding approach for the Oxford Nanopore platform, enabling the multiplexing of multiple IAV-positive samples without compromising sensitivity, thereby creating a scalable, high-throughput workflow for IAV surveillance.
Lactylation Modulation Identifies Key Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in KMT2A- Rearranged AML
Authors: Liu Dan , Ji Yujie , Jin Ziyan , He Zhewei , Hou Mengjia , Li Dongyang , Ma Xiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2Ar), found on chromosome 11q23, is often called KMT2A-rearranged AML (KMT2Ar-AML). This variant is highly aggressive, characterized by rapid disease progression and poor outcomes. Growing knowledge of epigenetic changes, especially lactylation, has opened new avenues for investigation and management of this subtype. Lactylation plays a significant role in cancer, inflammation, and tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This research examined the influence of lactylation on gene expression within KMT2Ar-AML, initially identifying twelve notable lactylation-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using advanced machine learning techniques, six key lactylation-associated genes (PFN1, S100A6, CBR1, LDHB, LGALS1, PRDX1) were identified as essential for prognostic evaluation and linked to relevant disease pathways. The study also suggested PI3K inhibitors and Pevonedistat as possible therapeutic options to modulate immune cell infiltration. Our findings confirm the critical role of lactylation in KMT2Ar-AML and identify six key genes that may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. In addition to highlighting the need for further validation in clinical settings, these findings contribute to our understanding of KMT2Ar-AML's molecular mechanisms.
Association between working hours and femoral neck bone mineral density: Results of a national survey
Authors: Hao Guangliang , Zhang Bei , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Bone mineral density (BMD) is vital for assessing osteoporosis risk. Although lifestyle and genetic factors influencing BMD have been studied, the impact of occupational factors remains unclear. We explored the association between working hours and femoral neck BMD. Data from 4,518 participants collected from the NHANES database (2017–March 2020) were analyzed. Femoral neck BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weekly working hours were categorized as < 35 or ≥ 35. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors were constructed to examine the relationship between working hours and BMD. The initial analysis revealed no significant association between working hours and BMD (β = 0.01; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.13; p = 0.853). However, after adjusting for covariates, a positive association was found (Model 2: β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.33; p < 0.001; Model 3: β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.33; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses by sex, age, race, and educational level revealed consistent trends. The positive association between reduced working hours and higher BMD suggests that occupational exposure may affect bone health, while subgroup differences indicated potential interactions with demographic factors. Our findings highlight the need to consider occupational factors in bone health strategies.
Influence of cinnamaldehyde supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microbial composition in broiler chickens fed a low-protein diet
Authors: Chen Xinzhu , Yue Wen , Li Zhongrong , Jin Weigang , Lin Haihong , Liu Jing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cinnamaldehyde (CM), recognized for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant capabilities, is increasingly valued as an animal feed additive, primarily for its potential to augment gut health and promote general animal welfare. However, our understanding of CM as a feed additive to low-protein diet on broilers' growth performance and microbial composition is still limited. To investigate the effect of CM supplementation on the growth performance and microbial composition of broilers within a low-protein diet administration, we employed a combination of pathology, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques. The results indicated a significant increase in body weight and feed efficiency ratio (P < 0.05) following CM administration. Meanwhile, the microbial taxonomic analysis found that feeding CM increased the richness of Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus while diminishing the diversity of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Oscillospira, and Bacteroides. Besides, serum biochemical tests revealed that the CM administration significantly increased the immunity factors (IgA and IgE) than the low-protein (LP) group. These findings offer crucial insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and animal growth performance, elucidating the role of CM supplementation in the context of low-protein diets.
Establishment and Validation survival prediction models for T1 locally advanced breast cancer after breast conservation surgery versus mastectomy
Authors: Qian Fang , Shen Haoyuan , Liu Chenghao , Liu Dongtao , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Previous reports had shown that the survival rate of total mastectomy (TM) was better than that of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). This study established survival prediction models for T1 LABC mastectomy and BCS, and obtained the risk factors for OS of different surgical procedures, so as to provide a basis for clinicians to individualized treatment.Cases with pathologically confirmed T1 breast cancer (BC) between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were identified. COX regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between LABC TM, BCS and each factor, and the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to determine the possible influencing factors. The significant factors from multivariate COX regression were included in the model and then the nomogram was drawn. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% CI were calculated. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed. The results were validated in the validation group. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) of BCS were higher than those of TM. Age, race, histological grade, N stage, molecular typing, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were correlated with 5-year OS of BCS, and age, race, pathological type, histological grade, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2) status, N stage, molecular typing, chemotherapy and RT were related to 5-year OS of TM. The predictive nomogram was established using the above predictors, and the AUC of the modeling group was 0.743 (BCS 5-year OS) and 0.718 (TM 5-year OS), respectively. All models were well validated in the validation group. This study found that the survival rate of BCS group was better than that of TM group, and it indicated the effect of tumor size on BCS survival, while lymph node status was not a risk factor for BCS, BCS could be considered for LABC patients with small masses and more lymph node metastases. However, the risk of death after BCS in patients with N3, triple-negative and upper-inner quadrant primary tumors was higher than that in other groups, and BCS should be cautious in these patients.
Effective Early Kangaroo Mother Care Coverage and Associated Factors Among Low- Birth-Weight Neonates in Selected Hospitals in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Ireso Beyene Roba , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Mariam Damen Haile , Chan Grace J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Each year, 2.3 million neonates die, with over one million of these deaths occurring within the first 24 hours of birth. Preterm birth is contributing to over 50% of all neonatal deaths. Initiating Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) immediately after birth, rather than waiting for stabilization, can reduce neonatal mortality by 25%. However, in Ethiopia, as of 2021, only 5%-10% of eligible premature newborns received any form of KMC. If the utilization of effective KMC remains low, mortality rates among preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are likely to remain higher than optimal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using existing data to determine effective early KMC (eKMC) coverage. A total of 599 eligible low-birth-weight newborns were included in the data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Result: The study included 599 of 705 neonates with birth weight <2,000g born or referred to selected hospitals between March 2017 and March 2019, all alive and not referred out within 24 hours. Among these eligible neonates, only 8.9% received effective eKMC, 20.5% received early any skin-to-skin (STS) care, and 64.6% were exclusively breastfed. Caesarean section delivery was associated with lower odds of effective eKMC compared to vaginal delivery (AOR ‘adjusted odd ratio’ = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05-0.89), with birth order, multiple births, gestational age at time of delivery, birth weight, delivery mode, household income, and religion adjusted. Infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1,500g) had significantly lower odds of receiving effective eKMC compared to those with LBW (1,500-2,000 grams) (AOR=0.099 ;95% CI: 0.022-0.44), while infants born at nine months or later and single births were more likely to receive effective eKMC compared to premature and multiple births (twins or triplets), with (AOR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.17-9.6) and (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.8-11.1), respectively.
Conclusion: Our study found a low coverage of effective eKMC. Household income, mode of delivery, birth weight, gestational age at the time of delivery, and multiple births were significantly associated with uptake of effective eKMC.
Analysis of exposure status and influencing factors of sharp injury at a third-class specialist hospital in 2019-2022
Authors: Ji Yuanyi , Liu Xiaoling , Song Guishuang , Liu Qiaolan , Cheng Yongzhong , He Ruixin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To learn the current situation of medical staff's exposure to sharp injuries in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, analyze its influencing factors, improve the awareness of protection, and reduce the risk of exposure to sharp injuries.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the data related to occupational exposure in a top-three hospital from 2019 to 2022. This study carried out statistical description, single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis from the aspects of gender, years of service, occupation, exposure department and so on.
Results
From 2019 to 2022, 151 cases of occupational exposure and 115 cases (76.16%) of sharp injuries occurred in the hospital. There were significant differences in age (P < 0.001), years of service (P = 0.04) and years of exposure (P = 0.02), but no statistically significant differences among medical personnel in occupation (P = 0.52), exposure location (P = 0.52) and exposure department (P = 0.59). The results of multi-factor analysis showed that: Medical personnel with 1 to 5 years of service had a lower risk of sharp injuries than those with less than 1 year of service (OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09 ~ 0.76). In 2021, when the COVID-19 epidemic is high, the risk of sharp injuries among medical personnel is higher than that of medical personnel in 2019 (OR = 4.32, 95%CI: 1.23 ~ 18.25). In addition, the main exposure site of sharp instrument injury was the hand, and the blood pathogen of the source patients was mostly HBV. Sharp injuries mainly occur after needle removal, when sorting items and in the process of treating patients. The medical workers who had occupational exposure were followed up, and no cases of infection due to occupational exposure were found.
Conclusion
The hospital should strengthen occupational protection training and standardize occupational operations for medical staff with short working years Pay attention to the physical and mental health of medical personnel and strengthen training during the outbreak of emergencies to effectively reduce the incidence of sharp injuries.
Differences in the responsiveness of insulin counter-regulatory hormones to hypoglycemia between obese and non-obese male patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Huang Rong , Bao Yujie , Xiong Yuanli , Ma Jianhua , Ding Bo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Obesity is associated with both high and low levels of hypoglycemia, and impairment of counter-regulatory hormones may predispose individuals to hypoglycemia. This study aimed to explore differences in the responsiveness of insulin counter-regulatory hormones to hypoglycemia between men with or without obesity who have been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study enrolled 25 men newly diagnosed with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism between January 2022 and December 2022. All participants were treated with intensive insulin pump therapy to achieve glycemic control within one week, then a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp was used to evaluate insulin counter-regulatory hormones for hypoglycemia. Based on the body mass index, 10 and 15 patients were included in the obese and non-obese groups, respectively. During the hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp test, the obese group showed a significant lower multiple of adrenocorticotropic hormone elevation than the non-obese group (P = 0.040). Regarding the proportion of hormone response multiples reaching the target, those who reached the reaction multiple were lower in the obese group than those in the non-obese group, although the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The responses of insulin counter-regulatory hormones to hypoglycemia in men with obesity and newly diagnosed T2DM were significantly lower than those in men with T2DM but without obesity.
Evaluation and Prioritization of Food Safety Risks in the Nigerian Red Meat Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study on Public Health Implications and Industry-Wide Practices
Authors: Odetokun Ismail Ayoade , Olawoye Damilola Christiana , Bakare Akeem Adebola , Isola Tajudeen Opeyemi , Alhaji Nma Bida , Abiodun-Adewusi Oluwadamilola Olawumi , Adewoye Taiwo Adeniyi , Cisse Hamma , Ghali-Mohammed Ibraheem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Food safety is a global concern, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where foodborne diseases are prevalent. Hence, this study aims to identify and rank food safety priorities in the red meat industry in Ilorin, Northcentral Nigeria, to improve industry practices and public health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 600 respondents working in various roles within the red meat industry, including butchers, meat traders, veterinarians, and others. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered over eight months in ten slaughterhouses and slaughter slabs in Ilorin. The study assessed knowledge about and major concerns on food safety and ranked these concerns based on perceived importance by the respondents. The study revealed that 91.2% of respondents were aware of food safety, though only 37.8% had received formal training. However, 90.7% of respondents were unaware of contamination risks during carcass transportation, and there were inconsistencies in the application of sanitation practices. Respondents ranked ante-mortem inspection as the most critical concern (54.0%), and abattoir sanitation (25.2%) as the least important concern. Sociodemographic factors such as age, years of experience, level of education, and role within the industry significantly influenced respondents' knowledge and prioritization of food safety issues. The findings indicate a need for a comprehensive training program tailored to the diverse roles within the red meat industry. Improvements in sanitation, transportation, storage, and regular inspections are recommended to enhance food safety standards. These help mitigate the risks associated with foodborne diseases, albeit improving the quality of red meat products.
Anti-cockroach Activities of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Petiveria alliacea Extracts
Authors: Olaniran Oladele Abiodun , Elegbede Joseph Adetunji , Lateef Agbaje , Adebayo Timothy Abiodun , Gueguim-Kana Evariste Bosco , Beukes Lorika Selomi , Matyumza Ntombozuko , Alao Fatai Olaitan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted with a view to biosynthesize silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) using the root (PaR) and leaf (PaL) extracts of Petiveria alliacea and evaluation of their activities against cockroach which is a major household insect pest.
Methods
The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PaR-AgNPs and PaL-AgNPs were tested at three different concentrations (1, 5, 10% v/v) using two mode of applications (fumigant and contact toxicity) at different hours of exposure.
Results
The peak absorbance of the AgNPs occurred at the wavelengths of 426 and 442 nm for PaL-AgNPs and PaR-AgNPs respectively with the brownish colloidal solutions. FITR peaks indicated the presence of alkenes (= C-H-), esters (C = O), amides (N-H), and aliphatic amines (C-N) in the samples, while the TEM and EDX analyses showed the presence of silver in the AgNPs colloidal solution with the spherical nanoparticles ranging from 5.95–76.19 nm in size. Both AgNPs exhibited insecticidal action against adult cockroach, with the fumigant application exerting killing faster than the contact application. While 80–90% mortality of cockroach was observed through fumigant, the contact application resulted to 40–50% mortality after three hours of exposure at 10% v/v. These show that the effectiveness of the bio-fabricated AgNPs formulations depended on the concentrations, hours of exposure, and mode of application.
Conclusion
Therefore, silver nanoparticles based insecticides can be incorporated into the pest management program of household pests especially cockroach.
The effect of different Chlormequat chloride concentrations on bacterial diversity in peanut soil
Authors: Lin Qiujun , Wu Xianxin , Guo Chunjing , Li Lina , Peng Tianshu , Zou Xun , Li Guang , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride on the diversity of soil bacteria in peanuts. Experimental data shows that with the increase of concentration, OTU shows a decreasing trend. The OTUs at low concentration (D, 6 g ai/ha), medium concentration (M, 9 g ai/ha), and high concentration (g, 12 g ai/ha) are 5583, 5430, and 3910, Respectively. At low concentrations of chlormequat chloride slightly affected the composition and relative abundance of soil bacterial communities, while high concentrations significantly inhibited the diversity. Specifically, under D treatment, the bacterial populations of Bacillus, Massilia, Gemmatimonas, Variovorax, Sphingomonas, and Arenimonos showed specific changes in abundance or activity. Under G treatment, a significant decrease in the number of bacterial species and a shift in dominant species were observed. The results demonstrated a clear concentration-dependent relationship between chlormequat chloride and soil bacterial diversity, highlighting the potential ecological impacts on the peanut soil ecosystem.These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the effects of chlormequat chloride on soil microbial environments and have important implications for sustainable agricultural practices.The results indicated that different concentrations of CC can enhance the richness and diversity of peanut rhizosphere microbial communities, with low concentrations indicating the most optimal effects.
The Mediating Role of Fasting Ghrelin Serum Levels in the Association between Obesity and Depressive Symptoms – a pre-registered analysis
Authors: Witte Veronica , Endres Konrad , Lammer Laurenz , Beyer Frauke , Jensen Daria , Wittekind Dirk , Löbner Margrit , Villringer Arno , Sacher Julia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ghrelin, a hunger-related gut hormone, may contribute to higher risk of depression in obesity. Despite animal studies suggesting antidepressant effects of circulating ghrelin, human studies remain inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between obesity, ghrelin serum levels, and depressive symptoms in a large population-based cohort.
Assessments of the LIFE-Adult cohort (n = 6037, 18-82 years) included self-administered questionnaires to evaluate depressive symptoms (CES-D and IDS-SR), anthropometric measurements to calculate body mass index (BMI), measurements of fasting ghrelin serum levels via radioimmunoassay (n = 1089), and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess hippocampal volume (n = 1080). Statistical analyses were pre-registered (https://osf.io/y7sbx) and included linear regression that were controlled for physiological and psychosocial confounders.
Accordingly, higher BMI predicted more frequent depressive symptoms (β = 2.033, p < 0.001) and lower fasting serum ghrelin (β = -0.622, p < 0.001). Ghrelin however did not correlate with depressive symptoms in obesity (n = 263, β = 0.123, p = 0.918). Exploratory analyses revealed links between ghrelin and eating-related depressive symptoms and that higher BMI was more strongly linked to depressive symptoms in females compared to males. No significant association between ghrelin and hippocampal volume was identified.
In this pre-registered analysis in a large, well-characterized sample, ghrelin was not associated with the overall severity of depressive symptoms in participants living with obesity. Future studies using more specific ghrelin assessments and clinical samples could help to elucidate the relationship between ghrelin, obesity, and depression.
Unusual cell surfaces, pili and archaella of Thermoplasmatales archaea investigated by cryoEM
Authors: Daum Bertram , Gaines Mathew , Isupov Michail , McLaren Mathew , Haque Risat , Recalde Alejandra , Bargiela Rafael , Gold Vicki , Albers Sonja-Verena , Golyshina Olga , Golyshin Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Archaea of the order Thermoplasmatales push the boundaries of our current knowledge of prokaryotic life. They show distinct cellular plasticity, heterogenous cell morphologies and lack a paracrystalline S-layer. As the S-layer has previously been implicated in acting as a stator scaffold for filaments driving cellular propulsion, particularly archaella, we asked whether the absence of an S-layer precludes the formation of functional archaella or pili in Thermoplasmatales. Using cryoEM, we investigated the two Thermoplasmatales species Cuniculiplasma divulgatum and Oxyplasma meridianum and found that they indeed generate pili and archaella that likely function in biofilm formation and cellular propulsion. While C. divulgatum produces pili with terminal hooks using a unique assembly machinery, O. meridianum generates wide, “barbed” archaella with an unusually high degree of glycosylation. Our results show that for the generation of functional archaella and pili, a canonical S-layer is not necessary.