bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«À la santé... du spectateur !»
Authors: Peyronnet Pierre 
Published: June 2016

Pierre Peyronnet : Drinking to the health of the audience.
A study of some seventy-five plays enables us to analyse their use of Dionysos, who inspired the theatre and invented wine, through an examination of mythical references, his influence and his benign power. Although the god does not appear in any works in the grand style, ballet-opera favours depictions of his loves and gives rise to rejoicing, as do feasts in honour of a lord. Depicting the wine harvest itself is an occasion for enjoyment or amorous conquests, as wine frees inhibitions, and its drink predisposes one to universal love. It also enables the plays to represent on stage hard-working landowners, peasants harvesting, and above all often noisy drinkers. Drunkenness is rarely represented, or if it is, it is shown as despicable and enables the authors to moralise. Nevertheless, the French seem to be indulgent, even acquiescent or participants in the venal sins encouraged by Bacchus, the most popular of the gods.
Vin canaille et vin moral sur les scènes privées
Authors: Plagnol Marie-Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2016

Marie-Emmanuelle Plagnol-Diéval : Moral and immoral wine in the private theatre.
This article analyses the representation of wine, drinkers and drunkenness in the plays performed in private theatres at the end of the 18th Century (Collé' s and Carmontelle's "théâtre de société", Collé' s "parades" and Berquin's "théâtre d'éducation"). As private theatres were not subject to censorship they could adopt a realistic approach and provide an historical testimony, as can be seen from the scenes of social drinking and the different categories of drinkers depicted. The plays also deal with the symbolic and imaginary aspects of wine, seen as a healthy and fortifying drink, especially when combined with other beverages, such as water or milk. Educational plays, however, criticise drunkenness and the physical and moral disorder it engenders. Typical of the plays in general are drinking songs, references to Anacreon and various comic registers, from farce to the depiction of the character of the drunkard.
La cave des poètes : poétique des vins, imaginaire de l'ivresse
Authors: Seth Catriona 
Published: June 2016

Catriona Seth : The poet's wine cellar.
Inspiration, in particular poetic inspiration, is often compared to a state of inebriation. Can we conclude that poets are connoisseurs of fine wines ? This would seem to be the case in 18th-century France, as specific crus are frequently quoted in verse. They provide touches of local colour or are used to evoke the poet's birthplace or some other favourite region, or they are served on memorable occasions and become metaphors for different types of individuals, or even for French wit. This article aims to show that the naming of wines, which replaces generalities and paraphrases, is characteristic of a number of trends in 18th-century French thought as a whole, from the desire, in the wake of the Encyclopédie, to classify all things, to an attempt to draw poetry away from classical periphrases towards a closer contact with reality.
Une lettre inédite de Nicolas-Antoine Boullanger à Joseph-Nicolas Delisle (1753)
Authors: Inguenaud Marie-Thérèse 
Published: June 2016

Marie-Thérèse Inguenaud : An unpublished letter from Nicolas-Antoine Boullanger to Joseph-Nicolas Delisle.
In 1752, just as Nicolas-Antoine Boullanger was finishing the engraving of his Nouvelle Mappemonde, for which he lacked documents enabling him to trace the coast of North America, the geographer Philippe Buache published a map, together with an explanatory note by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, concerning "new discoveries in the North of die South Seas". This joint publication answered the questions which Boullanger, who admitted to only being a makeshift geographer, had been unable to answer. He was brave enough to write to Delisle to ask permission to use his work ; his letter, dated 8th January 1753, is to be found in the library of the Paris Observatoire (shelfmark B1-7).
Le baron de Bilistein, faiseur de projets
Authors: Stroev Alexandre , Mihaila Ileana 
Published: June 2016

Alexander Stroev and Ileana Mihaila : Baron Bilistein, a dreamer of projects.
The Lorraine-born economist, Charles-Leopold Andreu de Bilistein (1724-77?), developed in the 1760s a plan for "political navigation", linking the main rivers of Europe by canals, thus providing economic and commercial growth and leading perhaps to political union. As Holland, Lorraine and Prussia refused to put his plans into practice, he went to Russia in 1765 ; he wrote on the organisation of Saint Petersburg, the construction of statues to Peter I and Catherine II, a code of Russian laws, the development of the Southern provinces, etc., but all in vain. He took part in the war against Turkey and in 1771 wrote a memoir proposing to make a single free republic of Moldavia and Wallachia. Although Catherine originally wanted to give them independence, she was obliged to give them back to the Ottomans. In 1775, after the failure of his project for political development, Bilistein presented to Versailles a plan for the economic colonisation of Moldavia and Wallachia. These two memoirs, of which long extracts are given, are the first project for an independent Rumanian state and provide an accurate description of its economy.
Jacques Rochette de la Morlière, escroc et libertin
Authors: Wald-Lasowski Roman 
Published: June 2016

Romain Wald-Lasowski : Jacques Rochette de La Morlière, crook and libertine.
Jacques Rochette de La Morlière, who was an indefatigable and clever industrialist, did all he could to establish his reputation as a crook and a libertin and to demonstrate, according to Chevrier (to whom the portrait could equally well apply) in Le Colporteur, that he was "one of those marvellous people who possess the pleasant talent of ruining and dishonouring all women". His fame was established by the publication of Angola in 1746, which was long the favourite novel of the boudoirs, but he was particularly known to his contemporaries as the leader of cabals and the artisan of the success or failure of the plays put on by the Théâtre français and the Comédie italienne. To describe La Morlière is to bring to life the picaresque and emblematic career of one of those numerous 18th-century individuals who were given over to corruption and marginality and the writer who had a talent for finding inspiration for his satires in the margins of the texts he read and parodied.
Générosité et sacrifice dans le mélodrame de Métastase
Authors: Rouvière Olivier 
Published: June 2016

Olivier Rouvière : Generosity and sacrifice in Metastasio's melodrama.
From 1724 to 1772, by composing 26 melodramas, Metastasio (Pietro Tra-passi) brought about what has been called the "reform" of the Italian libretto, but is rather its recognition as a literary form and the celebration of its specificity. For Metastasio the melodramma, directly descended from classical tragedy as described by Aristotle, followed the same laws of composition but had its own characteristics, mainly its themes. He attributed a pedagogical value to the melo-dramma and preferred subjects illustrating the theme of generosity, which is conceived of according to a scale of values in which each level represents a particular sacrifice. It represents the renunciation of revenge, heroism, power, life, death, love and finally the self or one's identity. The hero's identity, endangered during the drama, is finally reaffirmed by the gara generosa (generous competition) during which the hero, by accepting the sacrifice of what he holds dearest, reconquers himself ; and the greater the sacrifice, the more decisive the reconquest.
Compléments à l'annotation de l'article «Messie» du Dictionnaire philosophique
Authors: Schwarzbach Bertram Eugene 
Published: June 2016

Bertram Eugene Schwarzbach : Additional notes for the article "Messie" in Voltaire's dictionnaire philosophique.
The excellent anotation of the Dictionnaire philosophique article "Messie" in the new edition of Voltaire's Œuvres completes (Oxford, 1995) shows that the astonishing rabbinical erudition in the article comes entirely from a draft dealing with Jewish messianism and other subjects written by Antoine-Noé Polier de Bottens, and it emphasizes the choices made by Voltaire in extracting what he found useful for his polemical purposes. Here we identify the primary rabbinic sources to which Polier referred, in order to show (a) the relative authority these sources had acquired in the development of Jewish doctrines of messianism and (b) the history of their discovery by pioneering Christian Hebraists, and their popularisation by the Huguenot Jacques Basnage and the Benedictine Augustin Calmet, in whose works Polier found them.
Présentation
Authors: Delon Michel 
Published: June 2016

Michel Delon : Presentation of the special issue.
A quarter of a century after Dix-huitième Siècle (n° 5) concerning 'Current problems in research', the present dossier reveals a crisis in interdisciplinarity and the absence of any scientific judgement common to different institutions and national cultures. The same divergence is evident between research, publishing, popularisation and media presence. The proliferation of bibliography, the multiplication of Societies and conferences often goes with an absence of criteria and consensus. This issue presents some new research subjects which question the frontiers between disciplines and centuries, examples of methodological and ideological debates around the Enlightenment and some new perspectives opened up by technological developments.
Le corpus érotique : de l'«érudition lascive» à l'histoire des mentalités
Authors: Maenil Jean 
Published: June 2016

Jean Mainil : Erotic corpuses : from 'lascivious erudition' to the history of mentalities.
An analysis of the paradoxical status of the erotic corpus, which has often given rise to comments concerning its lack of aesthetic quality and its perverse narrative effects. After considering the reasons why these texts are both difficult and an indispensible witness of their age, the author analyses the development of criticism in the last thirty years. The erotic corpus, at first considered as belonging to 'lascivious erudition', has finallly acquired the status of a crucial witness of the history of ideas and mentalities. But this development presents a certain number of pitfalls, and the article concludes by emphasizing two problems connected to this change in status : the fractioning of the eroticism portrayed, and thus of its testimony, but also the complex and confused nature of the corpus, which maintains an ambiguous relationship with censorship and transgression.
Pour une histoire des Lumières d'un point de vue cosmopolite
Authors: Ricuperati Giuseppe 
Published: June 2016

Guiseppe Ricuperati : For a history of the Enlightenment from a cosmopolitan point of view.
This article asks if today it is possible to write a history of the Enlightenment from a cosmopolitan point of view, i.e. one which not only abandons ideas of domination (with the French, German or English Enlightenment as the centre and the others as the periphery), but also refuses the arrogance of the present, the modern idea of the Enlightenment. Instead we could look at the movement of different cultures and how they used the Enlightenment to build their own complex identity. The different is thus no longer between centre and periphery but between old nations and those which experienced the 18th Century while building a new national identity. The question is further complicated when one considers those countries which have experienced dictatorships, of the right and the left, if it is true that the very category of the Enlightenment was reinvented in opposition to European fascism, as it was an essential part of the culture of those in exile.
L'interdisciplinarité à l'épreuve des almanachs de la fin du siècle
Authors: Gaspard Claire 
Published: June 2016

Claire Gaspard : Interdisciplinary and late 18th-century almanachs.
Almanachs have become, thanks to the studies of R. Mandrou and G. Bol-lème, an object of both description and analysis. They are many-facetted, interdisciplinary objects (see for example Thiebaut's Almanack du peuple, Nancy, 1794). At the end of the century, they helped to popularise the Enlightenment and there were attempts to modernize them. The attempted reform of the revolutionary calendar reveals the complexity of the issues. F. Maiello's Histoire du calendrier emphasises its growing rationalisation, but the debates around the revolutionary reform all concerned the perception and communication of time. Concentrating on the writing of time, the present article applies to almanachs Paul Ricoeur's different analyses in Temps et Récit : the epistemological, the narratological and the poetical. His reflection opens a new field of interdisciplinary study, showing that almanachs can be of interest in historiography, literary theory, anthropology, and can encourage new methodological reflection.
La voix des masques. Réflexions sur la constitution du genre de l'autobiographie
Authors: Lahouati Gérard 
Published: June 2016

Gérard Lahouati : The voice of masks. Reflections on the beginnings of autobiography.
In order to understand the questions facing the reader of autobiographies in the 18th Century, this article studies the appearance of the genre and the debates occasioned by this redefinition of a literary field. We adopt several approaches, at the crossroads of literary theory, history and psychoanalysis, and ask how far the development of studies on autobiography in the 18th Century is the result of a transformation of the conception of literature. This leads to the question of the relationship between 'reality3 and fiction, of enunciation, the status of the first-person narrator, of writing about temporality and memory. We also reflect on the ways of reading first-person works. The analysis links the appearance of new forms of individual consciousness in the 18th Century to references to experience and to strategies for revealing one's intimity.
L'humanisme et les Lumières
Authors: Pujol Stéphane 
Published: June 2016

Stéphane Pujol : Humanism and the Enlightenment.
Today we see a crisis in traditional humanism, which also leads to questioning of the Enlightenment and has appeared violently at least twice this century. Contemporary anti-humanism uses the awareness of cultural differences for a ferocious criticism of philosophical universalism. Differences resulting from geography or history are said to preclude a universally valid content to the word human'. This ideological debate, despite an apparent historical consensus concerning the idea of a universal human being divested of ethnic, confessional or social roots, was already present in the 18th-century Philosophes. The opposition between the particular and the universal, the absolute and the relative, is in fact at the basis of Enlightened thought and it can be seen in the great authors in a fertile tension which needs to be analysed.
La Bibliographie des Écrivains Français et le chantier «Dix-Huitième Siècle»
Authors: Rufi Enrico 
Published: June 2016

Enrico Rufi : The 'Bibliography of French Writers'.
At a time when we are trying to analyse the present state of 18th-century studies, it is reassuring to see that those who study Mme de Genlis, Baculard d'Arnaud, Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Volney or Prévost now have at their disposal a new tool. In the next few months, this will be extended to authors such as Fréron, Mme d'Epinay, Parny, Bertin, Léonard, Sieyès, Saint-Just, Robespierre, and in a few years time to the rest of the Enlightenment authors. This is the 18th-century part of the Bibliography of French Writers, which is actively contributing, thanks to the encouragement of Michel Delon, to the realisation of an ambitious bibliographical project launched in 1995 by Claudio Galdersi and Enrico Rufi for the publisher Memini.
Correspondance de Mme Geoffrin et de Wenzel Anton Kaunitz
Authors: Lenderova Milena 
Published: June 2016

Madame Geoffrin : Letters to V. A. Kaunitz (1767-1772). Presented by
Milena Lenderova.
In the Kaunitz family Archives in the Moravian Regional Archives in Brno there is part of the correspondence between Venceslas Anton Kaunitz and Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin, whose salon was beginning its period of glory when Kaunitz was the Austrian ambassador in France (1751-3). Among her guests were important political figures such as Stanislav-Augustus Poniatowsky, the future king of Poland. Mme Geoffrin visited Warsaw in 1766 at Poniatowsky's invitation, travelling there and back through Germany and Austria and stopping at Vienna, where she was Kaunitz' s guest. On both visits she was received by Maria Theresa. The letters exchanged by Mme Geoffrin and Kaunitz (1767-1772) show the similarity of intellectual and cultural activities in Vienna and Paris and the closeness of European élites ; in both cities we find the same salons, entertainments and interest in the arts.
Le testament de Grimm
Authors: Karp Sergueï 
Published: June 2016

Grimm's will. Presented by Sergei Karp.
An unpublished file in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris (Political correspondence, Ducal Saxony, vol. 1) provides new information concerning diplomatic representations in favour of the heirs of Frédéric Melchior Grimm in 1817, as well as the authentic text of this last will.
Discours parlementaire et culture politique. Le parlement de Navarre
Authors: Bidouze Frédéric 
Published: June 2016

Frédéric Bidouze : Parliamentary speech and political culture. The
parliament of Navarre.
Like all the kingdom's sovereign courts, Navarre's took part in the vast protest movement against the monarchy's administrative and financial reforms. Their remonstrances are an essential source for understanding the political discourse addressed to the king, beyond particular financial questions. The historiography of the last 30 years has seen here the signs of prerevolutionary language unleashing a process of transferring sovereignty from the king to the nation. Due to its strong particularism and the historical conditions of its dual nature (French and Navarrais), the Navarre Parliament rarely adopted the philosophical and ideological tradition of most of the parliaments. Thus a study of the semantic and linguistic fields of its remonstrances illustrates the peculiar nature of a provincial enlightened culture which did not educate its subjects in prerevolutionary ideas.
«Que M. Palissot apprenne l'allemand ! » Diffusion et traduction des lettres allemandes dans la Bibliothèque des sciences et des beaux-arts
Authors: Béghin Marc 
Published: June 2016

Marc Béghin : "Mr Palissot should learn German !" The diffusion and
translation of german literature in the bibliothèque des sciences et des beaux-arts.
This article surveys the diffusion, and in particular the translation of German literature in the Bibliothèque des sciences et des beaux-arts (1754-1778), the organ of Protestant refugees at the Hague. In addition to practical reflections (re-evaluation of the status of translation, advice to translators to have the author check their work, etc.), we find elements of a theory, mainly in a review of the third volume of d' Alembert's Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie. The debate concentrates on the dual requirement of faithfulness and elegance. The journal is imprisoned in a metaphorical approach, which renders it incoherent, and it often appears surprisingly ambivalent, thus revealing the theory's uncertain status. A comparison of this theory with the journal's own practice shows a growing modern awareness that the conflict between the spirit and the letter cannot be exactly seen as a dilemma or an alternative.
Isabelle de Charrière et la littérature européenne
Authors: Trousson Raymond 
Published: June 2016

Raymond Trousson : Isabelle de Charrière and European literature.
Madame de Charrière, who was exceptionally cultivated (she could read Latin, Italian, English and German), gave evidence in her correspondence and works of a cosmopolitan culture. But as her education was classical and French, towards the end of her life, she had little sympathy for developments in aesthetics, and her oracles were still Batteux and La Harpe.
Le sublime et les limites du sensible. Perception scientifique et subjectivité esthétique chez Addison et Kant
Authors: Dumouchel Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Daniel Dumouchel : The sublime and the limits of sensibility. Scientific perception in addison and Kant.
We here emphasize certain aspects of the 18th-century relationship between scientific and philosophical discourse on aesthetics, by concentrating on the question of the sublime. This article insists on two crucial theoretical approaches to the sublime in nature, that of Joseph Addison in his essays on 'The Pleasures of the Imagination' (1712) and that of Immanuel Kant in his Theory of the Heavens (1755) and Critique of Judgement (1790).
Diderot et la physiologie de la sensibilité
Authors: Duchesneau François 
Published: June 2016

François Duchesneau : Diderot and the physiology of sensibility.
Diderot drew his monistic theory of humans from contemporary physiology. My analysis looks at the original synthesis of scientific views concerning sensibility to be found in the Éléments de physiologie. Sensibility, an elementary form of vital spontaneity, generates sense perception and its various modes in the form of derived organic effects. While Diderot drew his inspiration from Bordeu and the Montpellier physicians, he differed significantly from Haller and Whytt on this point. He envisioned sensibility as an irreducible property of organic structures, which transforms itself as organisms grow more complex. Vital functions, inclusive of higher animal functions, result from the integrated organisation of sensitive parts, each of which forms a kind of elementary animal. An analogical concept of sensibility is thus available for investigating human phenomena in a non-mechanistic biological perspective and for supporting a decentralised theory of humans.
Penser la science en termes de différences sexuelles. Une expérience sur un oiseau dans une pompe à air de Joseph Wright of Derby
Authors: Wagner Peter 
Published: June 2016

Peter Wagner : Gendering science. Joseph Wright of Derby's An Experiment on a bird in the air pump.
Instead of inquiring into the scientific beckground of this famous painting (which has often been used to demonstrate the consequences of the Industrial Revolution), this article focuses on the strategic reappropriations of representations of women. Derby's Air Pump proves to be a work of art that is only superficially concerned with science. At the heart of the picture we find such issues as the secularisation of miracles, the attribution of traditional gender roles in the context of the new sciences and male-female reactions and ways of seeing. What makes the painting remarkable is the mixture of several 'frames' of representation : religion, magic and the gothic, the sentimental, and physics. These all work together in the manufacture of credibility and a new idea of femininity that allotted women a passive, marginal role in the public sphere.
Les Observations sur l'éloquence de l'abbé de Saint-Pierre
Authors: Kerslake L.C. 
Published: June 2016

Abbé de Saint-Pierre : Observations sur l'éloquence. Presented by Lawrence Kerslake.
Many of the abbé de Saint-Pierre's writings remain little-known or even unpublished. The Observations sur l'éloquence constitute his chief discussion of literature. A preliminary draft appeared in the Mercure in 1726, but the work subsequently underwent two major revisions, both states represented in Ms. R.248 of the Bibliothèque publique et universitaire in Neuchâtel. A further copy (BNF. N.a.fr. 11232), with a few additional changes, is published here. The ideas in the text show the author to be a 'Modern' in his position on beauty and literary effect, and reflect his life-long concern for the improvement of his fellow-citizens.