bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Study: A Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Framework for Characterising Transportation Systems Over the Full Life Cycle
Authors: Scott William , Fullalove Richard , Arabian Gary , Campbell Peter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDevelopment of transport infrastructure has significant challenges including acquisition lag, phased evolution, multiple disparate stakeholders and environment‐specific issues. The Asset Standards Authority (ASA) at TfNSW is introducing MBSE to address these challenges. Instrumental to the introduction is the development of a framework that structures the available data and provides guidance and traceability between the data sets. This framework combines the enterprise‐level drivers with the lower level drivers such as standards to outline a generic conceptual design for a transport system. This conceptual design is then used to guide future system development. The outcome is future project information based on greater, enduring understanding of the transport system.
Developing and implementing systems engineering and project management processes at CSiT – A small Canadian company in public transportation
Authors: Laporte Claude Y. , Tremblay Nicolas , Menaceur Jamil , Poliquin Denis , Houde Ronald 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA project was created to define and implement project management and systems engineering processes at CSinTrans Inc. (CSiT), a Canadian company, founded in 2011. CSiT specializes in the integration of communication and security systems in transit industry such as trains, subways and buses as well as railway stations, subway stations and bus stops. ISO/IEC 29110 standard and guides for systems engineering have been used as the main reference for the development of these processes.The project's history, purpose and rationale that prompted CSiT to adopt this recently published standard are presented. The implementation of the standard is described. The reflections and decisions made during the implementation are presented. The lessons learned are discussed. Recommendations and advice for organizations wanting to implement ISO/IEC 29110 are described.ISO 29110 has helped raise the maturity of the organization by implementing proven practices and developing consistent work products from one project to another. ISO/IEC 29110 was a good starting point to align processes with specific practices of CMMI® Maturity Levels 2 and 3. ISO/IEC 29110 has also helped CSiT with developing light processes as well as remaining flexible and quick in its ability to respond to its customers.
Faster is Better and Cheaper
Authors: Geurts Wouter J.W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA movement with increasing momentum in the software world is DevOps. In DevOps development staff and operations staff work together in one integrated team producing and operating software. DevOps initiatives report shorter cycle times (time to production of features) and less business disruption. Contrary to Agile, DevOps has not been initiated by a small group thought leaders communicating a manifesto. Every company doing DevOps, or wanting to do it, has its own specific definition and approach. In this paper we analyze the DevOps movement to its core values and connect it to documented Systems Engineering knowledge. We show that DevOps (extending (Scaled) Agile) is an improvement movement addressing almost all the Systems Engineering practices. Yet the (re)introduction of System Engineering processes would not provide the same effect because DevOps/Agile adds a strong drive on organizational change management with focus on cultural fit. Where in the past improvement parameters had been quality or (implementation) cost, the improvement parameter now is production speed (cycle time). Improving quality or cost can lead to slowness, focus on speed will increase quality and cost. Where the Agile movement increases speed introducing focus on stakeholder collaboration and small increments of (software) products. DevOps in its ultimate form accelerates the speed introducing a single role owning service accountability and total cost of ownership, thereby providing engineers a central place in the business.
Efficiency Management in Spaceflight Systems
Authors: Murphy Karen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEfficiency in spaceflight is often approached as “faster, better, cheaper – pick two”. The high levels of performance and reliability required for each mission suggest that planners can only control for two of the three. True efficiency comes by optimizing a system across all three parameters. The functional processes of spaceflight become technical requirements on three operational groups during mission planning: payload, vehicle, and launch operations. Given the interrelationships among the functions performed by the operational groups, optimizing function resources from one operational group to the others affects the efficiency of those groups and therefore the mission overall. This paper helps outline this framework and creates a context in which to understand the effects of resource trades on the overall system, improving the efficiency of the operational groups and the mission as a whole. This allows insight into and optimization of the controlling factors earlier in the mission planning stage.
Managing Installation Tolerances through System Modeling and Tolerance Budgeting
Authors: Henanger Thomas , Muller Gerrit , Picacia Luca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractContractors in the oil and gas industry are facing challenges when installing subsea production systems (SPS) in deep waters. The installation relies on engineering of the systems with high accuracy levels and narrow clearances on the interfacing surfaces to meet required installation tolerances. To ensure that all installation tolerances requirements are met, there is a need for a systematic governing process of managing, controlling, and verifying them. Engineers define installation tolerances through qualification activities of components and technologies. Extensive systems and complex installation sequences generate tolerance chains affecting the interfacing components. The verification of the installation consequently requires a significant effort.The research focus is on how system modeling and tolerance budgeting would help the process of managing installation tolerances of a subsea production system in the context of preventing late verification, potential late design changes, and errors in installation. Use of system modeling made it possible to visualize the installation of the system of interest, and systematically structure relevant information. The visualization supported the researchers to develop an understanding of the tolerance chain for the system of interest. Based on the models, we were able to put together a tolerance budget calculating the theoretical worst‐case scenario of installation on a chosen critical misalignment. Our research showed that the systems engineering (SE) effort had a positive impact on the process, considering the cost of the effort relative to the potential cost of the preventable scenarios.
Infrastructure/Train Borne Measurements in support of Railway System Performance Modelling
Authors: Barson Lloyd , Fung Wilson , Toossi Amir 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEver increasing demand and the need for improving the capacity of the rail network in the UK has led the industry to investigate new ways for optimising the capacity utilisation. The recent systems modelling studies have highlighted the criticality of using the available data sources to better understand the system behaviour and underlying factors impacting the system's performance among which Common Cause events play a substantial role. In this paper the current infrastructure‐borne and train‐borne measurement systems will be introduced. The processing of this data for use in modelling Common Cause events is discussed and opportunities for further integration of the various data layers are highlighted.
Reinventing the ConOps for Innovative Systems Development
Authors: Zhao Yang‐Yang , Sjöberg Peter , Leifer Larry J. , Dersten Sara 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn an ever rapid changing world of today, enterprises cannot leverage only on past success. Striving for an innovation success demands traditional systems engineering methods (i.e. ConOps in our case) to be updated. This study points towards the benefits for such a company to leverage the usage of the ConOps together with the needfinding of a design‐inspired method – design thinking, and therefore introduce the User‐focused ConOps. Through two construction equipment development case studies we show the importance of User‐focused ConOps from it is created until the system validation.
Therapy for projects
Authors: Pickard Andrew C , Nolan Andy J , Russell Jennifer L , Beasley Richard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHave you ever worked on a project where you know things aren't going well, but you don't know why or what to do about it? Many managers may admit that team culture and behavior can be the source of significant problems, or the reason for success. The team members of a low performing project may be aware that the project has “problems” but it can be hard to characterize the issues and therefore identify meaningful improvements.The Graves Model, developed in the 1950's showed that the ways of thinking and behaving, used to help understand individuals, could also be applied to projects, organizations and even nations. Groups of people exhibit the same “psychological” behaviors as an individual.This paper has made the assumption that a group of individuals working together, for instance in a project team, can exhibit the same ways of thinking as an individual, and therefore practices for helping individuals can equally be applied to the group's culture and behavior. The paper is not a proof of concept but a proposal of how common psychological conditions may be used to diagnose and treat the culture and behavior of projects or even organizations. The paper is to encourage further investigation into the possibility of benefiting from significant research that has been performed by the mental health industry.This paper describes the development and application of a Project Health Evaluator tool, based on 11 common psychological conditions. The tool consists of a set of 110 symptoms; the evaluation is based on observations the evaluator selects as being applicable to the project. Then at the click of a button, an assessment of the health of the project is provided, together with a set of recommended actions to help the project recover.
A Process for Capturing the Art of Systems Engineering
Authors: Owens III “Skip” Clark V. , Sekeres Carrie , Roumie Yasmeen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere is both an art and a science to systems engineering. The science of systems engineering is effectively captured in processes and procedures, but the art is much more elusive. We propose that there is six step process that can be applied to any systems engineering organization to create an environment from which the “art” of that organization can be captured, be allowed to evolve collaboratively and be shared with all members of the organization. This paper details this process as it was applied to NASA Launch Services Program (LSP) Integration Engineering Branch during a pilot program of Confluence, a Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) wiki tool.
Overview of an Emerging Standard on Architecture Processes – ISO/IEC 42020
Authors: Martin James N 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new, emerging standard on architecture practices is under development as ISO/IEC 42020. This paper provides an overview of the key concepts in this standard and the rationale for these ideas. The standard defines six architecture‐related processes: governance, management, conceptualization, evaluation, elaboration, and enablement. These are comprised of 37 activities, having five to eight tasks specified for each activity. It is expected that these processes will be incorporated into the next version of INCOSE's Systems Engineering Handbook and in the Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge. This standard can be used as a foundation for organizational training and guidebooks on architecture management and development.
The SoS‐VEE Model: Mastering the Socio‐Technical Aspects and Complexity of Systems of Systems Engineering (SoSE)
Authors: Hoehne Oliver 
Published: September 2016

AbstractToday, almost all defense systems are part of one or more system of systems (SoS, Dahmann and Baldwin 2014). Failure to consider SoS context early and throughout acquisition can result in significant risk to the effectiveness or successful fielding of the system (DoD 2008). The SoS‐VEE model has been developed recognizing the complexity of SoS Engineering (SoSE), and that the acquisition and fielding of constituent systems (CS) in a SoS environment entails more than simply integrating physical systems. The SoS‐VEE model focuses on early SoSE activities and addresses the socio‐technical aspects of integrating people, processes, and products associated with the constituent system(s). The paper describes in a step‐by‐step process how the SoS‐VEE was derived, its underlying principles, and uses an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operating as a constituent system of the NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) system of systems as an example to illustrate the practical application of the SoS‐VEE model. The predominant viewpoint of this paper is from the systems engineer concerned with the acquisition or development of a (constituent) system of interest (UAV) in a System of Systems environment (NATO AGS SoS). The paper demonstrates how the systems engineer will be enabled to successfully integrate the constituent systems horizontally (physically) and vertically (socio‐technically) into the larger SoS using the SoS‐VEE model.
A Case Study of a Successful System: The Scottish Lighthouses from the 18th to the 21st Century.
Authors: Sillitto Hillary 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the late 18th century, the period in which Robert Louis Stevenson's novel Kidnapped was set, up to 20% of the cargo in ships sailing round the Scottish coast was lost to shipwreck. This level of financial loss made the ship owners willing to pay for safety systems to reduce the risk to their investment. There followed an astonishing period of engineering and organisational innovation to deploy a complex socio technical system that has continually delivered value for over two centuries. The 100 or so lighthouses built by the Stevenson family, all of them still standing and most of them still operating, were engineering marvels in their own right. But even more marvellous in many ways was the socio technical system the Stevensons and the Northern Lighthouse Board built to operate the “lighthouse capability”. The paper will show how all components of modern capability management were developed to exploit the technology in an enduring and continuously evolving system‐of‐systems that made the wild seas off Scotland relatively safe for seafarers. Of particular interest is the long term strategic planning across multiple lines of development: as the light houses were automated, the inevitable workforce reduction was achieved by retirement and redeployment, not by redundancies. This whole story is an excellent example of “through‐life capability management” of an “enduring system”. The paper also shows that modern approaches to systems architecting can be generalised – and that all perspectives offered by modern architecting methods are needed – to describe a two‐century‐old system! The case study also demonstrates the need to describe a system‐of‐systems at multiple levels, and a method for doing this.
Healthcare Facility Commissioning – The Transition of Clinical Services
Authors: van der Watt Riaan , Erasmus Louwrence 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA public multi‐disciplinary primary‐level hospital delivers clinical services to both in and out patients within its catchment area. A multi‐disciplinary hospital is a healthcare facility of which the commissioning or transition into operations is a complex process that can last several months. This paper treats a hospital's clinical services using a systems perspective on healthcare services delivery within the context of the systems hierarchy level definitions used in South Africa to relate the inward and outward commissioning of a hospital to the concepts of systems engineering and services science. A hospital can be viewed as a system of systems containing several tangible and intangible elements identified through the clinical services blueprint that during commissioning can be related to useful systems engineering ideas from large‐scale infrastructure projects. The relationship between the clinical services blueprint and the Systems Breakdown Structure (SBS) is very important and must be coordinated with the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) during commissioning. The concepts put forward in this paper should enable hospital project and commissioning managers to gain insights into the integration of systems from a holistic perspective during design to achieve an integrated and optimized commissioning schedule to achieve overall operational readiness.
“Systems Engineering helping to raise public awareness”
Authors: TERRIEN Olivier 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOty Productions SAS is a French company specialized in raising awareness and popularizing technical domains. Until 2013, Project Management was classical and mainly chronological. When we decided to develop a project with a new illustrated book, we adopted concepts and tools proposed by the INCOSE. Written as a testimony, this paper demonstrates their possible translation into a ‘raising awareness’ problem.Based on a project named “Crow versus Crow”, this paper shows notions and methods applied during the engineering phase of a system addressing a non‐initiated and young audience about Electronics which is everywhere in today's life. This document describes how these tools were used in the realm of books and conferences. It shows achieved results through this way of proceeding and compares them to those of previous projects.Since this systematic approach in an unusual field of application for the INCOSE was relevant and successful, this paper lays the foundations of our next project for years to come. Convinced of these principles and practices, Oty Productions has started a project to raise awareness about systems and to popularize their engineering processes.
A Framework for Small Satellite Architecture Design
Authors: Qaisar Sana U. , Ryan Michael J. , Tuttle Sean L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe availability of miniaturized, commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS), low‐cost satellite components has encouraged the design and development of “small” satellites by relatively inexperienced organizations and individuals seeking low‐cost and fast‐delivery missions with “good enough” reliability requirements, through non‐traditional risk‐taking approaches. Currently, there are no standards or guidelines for optimal architecting of such plug‐and‐play satellites. Consequently, the accepted trade‐off, between the available limited resources and the reliability compromise, in the architectural design space, is likely to be sub‐optimal, resulting in a sub‐optimized capability. In this paper, we propose a systematic framework for informed and optimal decision making which allows the designer to dynamically explore a multitude of solutions derived from relevant COTS databases, to determine an architecture that optimizes the system reliability under the given constraints. The proposed framework is demonstrated through the presentation of a commercial Cube‐Satellite example based on real data. This work can potentially contribute to small satellite standardization efforts.
Infrastructure System Restoration Planning Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Corns Steven , Long Suzanna , Shoberg Tom 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an evolutionary algorithm to address restoration issues for supply chain interdependent critical infrastructure. Rapid restoration of infrastructure after a large‐scale disaster is necessary to sustaining a nation's economy and security, but such long‐term restoration has not been investigated as thoroughly as initial rescue and recovery efforts. A model of the Greater Saint Louis Missouri area was created and a disaster scenario simulated. An evolutionary algorithm is used to determine the order in which the bridges should be repaired based on indirect costs. Solutions were evaluated based on the reduction of indirect costs and the restoration of transportation capacity. When compared to a greedy algorithm, the evolutionary algorithm solution reduced indirect costs by approximately 12.4% by restoring automotive travel routes for workers and re‐establishing the flow of commodities across the three rivers in the Saint Louis area.
Learning Systems Engineering Lessons from an Electric Vehicle Development
Authors: Swart Gerhard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Joule Electric Vehicle (EV) was developed “from a clean sheet” by Optimal Energy, a South African start‐up company established in 2005. In the seven years to its liquidation in 2012, the company grew to 108 people, built up significant international partnerships, developed substantial in‐house technology and performed three development iterations culminating in four market‐testable prototypes.Developing a vehicle from scratch requires a different approach to the traditional automotive development processes, which are optimised for evolutionary vehicle improvements and cost reduction.Developing a new EV in a new organisation without legacy processes or manufacturing infrastructure presents additional challenges but also provides opportunity to work “top‐down”, focussing on the real “mission requirements” instead of being trapped by legacy practices, design concepts and infrastructure. Systems engineering “best practices” may be applied to a larger extent and the concept of passenger mobility can be optimised for electric propulsion instead of accepting the traditions of fossil‐fuel power.This paper provides highlights of the unique challenges and opportunities related to EVs, and presents the tailored development process that was established for the Joule EV.
Enterprise Systems Engineering for Improving Cross‐enterprise Effectiveness
Authors: Sitton Miri , Reich Yoram 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnterprise system engineering (ESE) is an emerging practice arising in the last decades, hand in hand with the maturing of system engineering (SE). However, ESE differs significantly from SE, due to the enterprise's unique property as a system of unsynchronized arrays of systems. This property might lead to severe issues, such as cross‐enterprise failures, lack of decision‐support information for cross‐enterprise decisions, long delays in integration tests and unexpected emergent behavior. Existing approaches including ESE frameworks and Systems of Systems (SOS) engineering do not fully address this property. This paper presents a new ESE framework named EPIC (Enterprise Processes Integrative Collaboration), enabling the coordination between unsynchronized arrays of systems within the enterprise and even further across several enterprises. EPIC was implemented successfully in two large‐scale cases from the aerospace and transportation disciplines. Similarly, EPIC may be applicable in other disciplines in order to obtain better enterprises by improving cross‐enterprise operational processes and interoperability.