bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic Acids Ozonation: QSAR Analysis and pH Influence on the Selectivity of Ozone
Authors: Domínguez Joaquín R. , Peres José A. , Beltran-Heredia Jesús 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOzone reacts selectively with ortho-, meta- and para- substituted phenolic acids in aqueous solution. Analysis of second-order rate constants for correlations reveals quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). The kinetic rate constants for oxidation of these phenolic acids were correlated to Hammett-substituent-electronic constant. The values of Hammett parameter ρ varying between -2.9 and -0.3 were found for different pH conditions. The pH influence on this parameter reveals the expected change in the ozonation mechanism due to the decomposition of ozone generating hydroxyl radicals. Contrarily, hydroxyl radicals are non-selective and the substituent-electronic effects are small. This Hammett’s study reflects the progressive change in the selectivity of the oxidation system when the pH increases from 2 up to 9.
The Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation in Removing Pentachlorophenol from Contaminated Water
Authors: Ho D. P. , Senthilnanthan M. , Mohammad J. A. , Vigneswaran S. , Ngo H. H. , Mahinthakumar G. , Kandasamy J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe degradation of sodiumsalt of pentachlorophenol (PCPS) by photocatalysis with titaniumdioxide (TiO
Investigation of Electric Discharge Sound in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Authors: Nakamiya Toshiyuki , Mitsugi Fumiaki , Suyama Shota , Ikegami Tomoaki , Sonoda Yoshito , Iwasaki Yoichiro , Tsuda Ryoichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe characteristics of the Coplanar DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) operated in air, argon or helium are investigated. Applied voltage, current and the electrical discharge sound of Coplanar DBD discharge are measured, and examined the fundamental relationship between the micro discharge and the acoustic properties. We expect that the understanding of acoustic properties gives more details of electric discharges and also develops new applications in the field of medical diagnostics, environment system, etc. We apply the new method to examine the electric discharge sound using Fraunhofer diffraction effect of visible laser beam. This new system is called the optical wave microphone by us and is very useful for the detection of sound wave without disturbing the sound field. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to discriminate the acoustic sound of the Coplanar DBD discharge and the dominant frequency components.
Degradation of Textile Dyes, Dyebaths and Dyeing Wastewater by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sonophotolysis
Authors: Eren Zeynep , Ince Nilsun H. , Acar Filiz Nuran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe degradability of an azo dye (C.I. Acid Black 2), synthetic and real dyebaths, and actual textile dyeing wastewater were investigated using a homogeneous and heterogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in combination with power ultrasound (US). The components of the homogeneous process were US, short wave UV-C and ferrous ions, and those of the heterogeneous were US, short wave UV-C, ZnO and H
Photocatalytic Reduction of Organic Compounds
Authors: Valenzuela Miguel A. , Albiter Elim , Ríos-Bernÿ Omar , Córdova Iván , Flores Sergio O. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOrganic synthesis through semiconductor photocatalysis has become an important research area in photochemistry in the last two decades. Significant examples of organic transformations employed for synthetic purposes are oxidation and reduction reactions, isomerization reactions, C-H bond activations and C-C and C-N bond forming reactions. In this review, the use of irradiated semiconductors and different operation conditions in the reduction of organic compounds is surveyed. Here, the photocatalytic reduction of nitroarenes, aldehydes, ketones and miscellaneous compounds will be discussed. This review is concluded with some perspectives of our group on the directions toward which future research may be aimed.
Electrochemical Treatment of Segregated Effluents from the D-Stage in ECF Kraft Cellulose Bleaching
Authors: Zaror Claudio A. , Salazar Claudio , Araneda Esteban A. , Mondaca María A. , Mansilla Héctor D. , Peña Carlos 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExperimental results of electrochemical treatment of acid filtrate effluents from the first ClO
Investigation of Electric Discharge Sound in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Using Optical Wave Microphone
Authors: Nakamiya Toshiyuki , Iwasaki Yoichiro , Mitsugi Fumiaki , Kozai Ryosuke , Ikegami Tomoaki , Sonoda Yoshito , Tsuda Ryoichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe light diffraction technique, which we call the “Optical Wave Microphone (OWM)” technique, is an effective sensing method to detect the sound and is flexible for practical uses as it involves only a simple optical lens system. This technique is also very useful to detect the sound wave without disturbing the sound field. Moreover, OWM can be used for sound field visualization by computerized tomography (CT) because the ultrasmall modulation by the sound field is integrated along the laser beam path. The characteristics of the coplanar DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) operated in air is investigated. Applied voltage, current and the electrical discharge sound of coplanar DBD are measured, and examined the relationship between the micro discharge and the acoustic properties. We expect that understanding of acoustic properties gives more details of electric discharges. These are the first experiments to verify the feasibility of the OWM-CT method for the visualization of the sound field of DBD discharge.
Solution Combustion Synthesis of BiVO4 Nanoparticles: Effect of Combustion Precursors on the Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Timmaji H. K. , Chanmanee W. , Tacconi N. R. de , Rajeshwar K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the solution combustion synthesis, solid-state characterization, photoelectrochemical behavior, and photocatalytic properties of bismuth vanadate (BiVO
2, 4-Ionene Supported Permanganate: A Novel, Efficient and Selective Solid Phase Oxidizing Agent for Oxidation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Lakouraj Moslem Mansour , Hossaini Sayed Maysam , Hasantabar Vahid , Soleimani Masoomeh 
Published: November 2016

Abstract2, 4-ionene supported permanganate is easily prepared by treatment of 2, 4-ionene with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. This reagent could be used as a stable, mild and efficient oxidizing agent to produce carbonyl compounds from hydroxyl compounds or arenes, and disulfides from thiols in either heterogonous or solvent free conditions. In addition, aromatization of different types of 2-arylimidazolines and 2-alkylimidazolines to corresponding imidazoles was achieved in good yields in acetonitrile at room temperature.
Sonochemical Treatment of Orange II Using Ultrasound at a Range of Frequencies and Powers
Authors: Dükkancı Meral , Vinatoru Mircea , Mason Timothy J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA range of methods are reported for the treatment of Orange II in aqueous solution with a variety of ultrasonic equipment in the absence of oxidants. The frequencies studied were 20 kHz (using a probe system) and a range of baths at 40, 380, 850, 1000 and 1176 kHz using different power inputs. Using ultrasound alone the higher frequencies were more efficient for the decolorization of Orange II. The most effective decolorization of Orange II in terms of power was achieved at 850 kHz and increased from 4.1% to 49.0% with increasing ultrasonic power from 2.04 W to 22.07 W over 2 hours. This trend was in good agreement with the corresponding production of H
The Effect of Operational Parameters on the Photocatalytic Mineralization of Indocorn Brilliant Red M5B Using Sol–gel Derived Nanostructured Zinc Titanate as an Efficient Photocatalyst
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Hossein , Mikhak Maryam 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanostructured zinc titanate (NZT) was synthesized in high yield via a one-step and template-free sol-gel route. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited good size uniformity and regularity. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the NZT was evaluated in the degradation and mineralization of Indocorn Brilliant Red (M5B) under metal halide lamp irradiation. The effects of different parameters such as pH of the solution, and initial dye concentration on photodegradation of M5B were analyzed. The degradation of M5B follows pseudo-first order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The experimental results showed that the initial concentration of azo dye in the dye mixture greatly affected the degradation efficiency. At M5B concentrations of 10 mg/L, the optimum conditions for the highest degradation efficiency (94%) of azo dye were a photocatalyst dosage of 0.01 g/L and an initial solution pH of 9. This study provided new insight into the design and preparation of nanomaterial demonstrated an excellent ability to remove organic pollutants in wastewater.
Nitrate Removal on a Cu/Cu2O Photocathode under UV Irradiation and Bias Potential
Authors: Paschoal Fabiana Maria Monteiro , Nuñez Luciana , Lanza Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present work describes a suitable method for treatment of water contaminated with nitrate by using a photo-electrochemical method. A Cu/Cu
Quantitative Removal of β-Lactam Antibiotic Activity by Hydroxyl Radical Reaction in Water: How Much Oxidation is Enough?
Authors: Mezyk Stephen P. , Otto Shauna C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe β-lactam antibiotics are some of the most persistent anthropogenic pharmaceutical contaminants, and consequently are currently being detected in many aquatic environments. The presence of any level of antibiotics in water may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, and therefore the active removal of these pharmaceuticals by additional water treatments such as advanced oxidation and reduction processes may be required. In this study, we report on our efficiency measurements for the hydroxylradical- based degradation of three β-lactam antibiotics obtained using steady-state
Investigation of the use of Chlorine Based Advanced Oxidation in Surface Water: Oxidation of Natural Organic Matter and Formation of Disinfection Byproducts
Authors: Pisarenko Aleksey N. , Stanford Benjamin D. , Snyder Shane A. , Rivera Susan B. , Boal Andrew K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDisinfection byproduct (DBP) formation during the treatment of raw Colorado River Water (CRW) using aqueous chlorine and ultraviolet (UV) light advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was investigated. Here, CRW was combined with aqueous chlorine from two distinct sources (electrochemically-generated Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) and commercial sodium hypochlorite) and then exposed to ultraviolet C (UV-C) and ultraviolet A (UV-A) light. The impact of the treatment process on the structure of (NOM) in the CRW was examined, as well as the resulting production of various halogenated organic Disinfection By-Products (DBPs). Both AOP conditions tested resulted in destruction of chromophoric components of the NOM, while formation of total amounts of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes was far below the US EPA regulated maximum contaminant level values for these contaminants, even though the UV and chlorine doses used in these studies were much higher than the typical doses used in an actual treatment process.
Electrochemical Treatment of Oilfield Produced Wastewater on Ni-Sb- SnO2/Ti Electrodes
Authors: Yun-Hai Wang , Jun-Yao Kuang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNickel and antimony doped tin dioxide (NATO) coated titanium electrodes were used for electrochemical treatment of oilfield produced wastewater. The effects of electrode distance, current density and electrolysis time on COD removal ratio, current efficiency, energy efficiency and BOD to COD ratio were investigated. The optimized electrode distance of 5 mm and current density of 6 mA cm
… Exim in Gallaeciam Priscillianistarum Haeresis invasit. The Success of Priscilianism in Gallaecia Following the Trials at Trier
Authors: Augusto Diego Piay 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
In 385 AD, Augusta Treverorum bore witness to the trial of Priscillian and a number of his followers. The cruel sentence failed to have the deterrent effect that the most fanatical representatives of Christian orthodoxy had expected: at that time a profound schism was affecting the churches of Hispania.
It was at this time when Gallaecia became especially significant for the followers of the unfortunate Abulae episcopus, becoming the main bastion of Priscillianism in the known world. In this paper we explore the theories expounded by researchers to explain this unique phenomenon, scrutinising the available sources, analysing the known archaeological evidence that remains in modern-day Galicia, and finally we will present our own interpretation of the reasons that allowed Priscillianism to spread throughout Gallaecia in the latter part of the fourth century AD.
Accommodating What Needn’t Be Special
Authors: Letsas George 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Liberal debates on religious accommodation have so far focused on the nature of the interest upon which the right to freedom of religion is based. Liberals who oppose religious accommodation argue that there is nothing special about religious belief. Those who defend accommodation on the other hand seek to identify some property (such as conscience or deep commitments) that both religious and non-religious beliefs can share. The article seeks to develop an argument in favor of certain types of religious accommodation that is agnostic about the nature of religious belief and whether it is special in any sense. It argues that it is a mistake to think that the question of religious accommodation, as it arises in law, must necessarily turn on arguments about freedom of religion. The principle of fairness can justify legal duties to accommodate religious (and non-religious) practices, without the need to assess the character of the practice in question or the reasons for engaging in it. The article argues further that the principle of fairness can better explain why human rights courts uphold some claims for religious accommodation as reasonable, and not others.
Zur absoluten Chronologie der westsibirischen Spätbronze- und frühen Eisenzeit. Die Überprüfung der Besiedlungsphasen in Čiča mit Bayes’scher Statistik
Authors: Becker Fabian , Schneeweiß Jens 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Siedlungsplatz Čiča ist ein Schlüsselfundplatz für das Verständnis der westsibirischen Spätbronze- und Früheisenzeit. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die umfangreiche Serie von Radiokohlenstoffdaten, über deren Interpretation in der Literatur allerdings kein Konsens herrscht. Kontrovers diskutiert wird insbesondere die chronologische Stellung der späten Stufe der Irmen’-Kultur, die eng mit der Frage nach einem Hiatus in der Besiedlung von Čiča zusammenhängt. Die Beantwortung dieser Frage bildet die Grundlage für weitreichende kulturgeschichtliche Aussagen. Die chronologische Modellierung der Radiokohlenstoffdaten mit Bayes’scher Statistik unterstützt die archäologische Hypothese des Hiatus. Zur Beschreibung der Validität des Ergebnisses werden neben Signifikanzanalysen anhand von Simulationen auch Sensitivitätsprüfungen des Modells für eventuelle unerkannte Unsicherheiten und Fehler vorgenommen. Die derartige kritische Überprüfung der Modellierung ist als integraler Bestandteil der Methode unerlässlich.
The chronology and meaning of the Transdanubian encrusted pottery decoration
Authors: Hajdu Tamás , György-Toronyi Alexandra , Pap Ildikó , Rosendahl Wilfried , Szabó Géza 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungVorgestellt wird die Analyse keramischer Funde des bronzezeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Bonyhád (Ungarn), einem Fundplatz der Kultur Inkrustierter Keramik. Hier konnten deutliche Korrelationen zwischen Gefäßdekoration und -größen mit jenen in den Gräbern bestatteten Personen und ihrem Sterbealter erkannt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellte sich den Verfassern die Frage nach der Natur der Gefäßverzierungen: Handelt es sich bei den bemerkenswert vielfältigen und weit verbreiteten Motiven um nur dekorative Elemente, oder waren diese eher Bestandteil eines komplexen Zeichensystem mit jeweils spezifischer Bedeutung? Warum nahm die Verwendung inkrustierter Keramik erheblich zu, als es zu einem deutlichen Wandel der Bestattungsriten kam, genauer als die Bestattungsformen der Urnenfelderzeit durch Körperbestattungen ersetzt wurden? Die Autoren gingen diesen Fragen mittels der Analyse von mehr als zweitausend Motiven, unterteilt in nahezu 500 Typen von mehr als 100 unterschiedlichen Gefäßformen, nach. In Verwendung der Klassifizierung von C. Reich wurde eine umfangreiche Datenbank auf Grundlage der Funde des Gräberfeldes von Bonyhád erarbeitet, das den gesamten Zeitraum dieser bronzezeitlichen Kultur umfasst. Als primäres Gruppierungskriterium für die Datensätze wurde das anhand der anthropologischen Überreste ermittelte morphologische Geschlecht in Verbindung zur Position, Frequenz und Kombination unterschiedlicher Motive auf den Gefäßen verwendet. Die Auswertungen ergaben zwei deutliche voneinander zu unterscheidende Gefäßverzierungen, die sich männlichen oder weiblichen Bestattungen zuweisen lassen.
Refining landscape archaeology – a study of the social relations between humans and their surroundings as embedded in megalithic tombs
Authors: Schülke Almut 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungDer in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Forschungsansatz entwickelt landschaftsarchäologische Konzepte weiter, und trägt damit zur archäologischen Erforschung sowohl von Landschaft als auch von räumlichen und dynamischen sozialen Beziehungen bei. Der erste Teil des Artikels befasst sich mit dem breiten Thema „Landschaftsarchäologie“ und den beiden Polen „Ganze Landschaften“ und „Perspektiven“ zwischen denen sich dieses Forschungsfeld bewegt. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels wird eine der Bedeutungen von „Landschaft“ weiterentwickelt, nämlich Landschaft als relationales Verhältnis. Dies dient der Formulierung eines theoretischen Ansatzes zum archäologischen Studium der Beziehung zwischen Menschen und ihrer Umgebung. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Gedanke, dass materielle Hinterlassenschaften, im vorliegenden Fall Megalithgräber, als „Kristallisationspunkte“ studiert werden können. An „Kristallisationspunkten“ verdichten sich die vielfältigen und dynamischen Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und ihrer Umgebung. Der Begriff „Kristallisationspunkt“ dient vor allem als analytisches Hilfsmittel um die Komplexität der Bedeutung dieser materiellen Strukturen besser greifen und formulieren zu können. Weiterhin setzt der Ansatz voraus, dass materielle Konstruktionen, hier Megalithgräber, auch als die menschliche Umgebung strukturierend verstanden werden müssen und außerdem auch – direkter oder indirekter – Ausdruck von sozialen Strukturen sein können. Im letzten Teil des Artikels werden diese Grundgedanken auf eine Fallstudie (Nordwestseeland, Dänemark) angewandt. Auf Grundlage einer Analyse der zahlreichen Megalithgräber aus diesem Gebiet, ihres materiellen Ausdrucks, ihrer topographischen Lage sowie ihrer räumlichen Beziehungen zueinander, und einer darauf aufbauenden Interpretation ihrer vielschichtigen sozialen und rituellen Bedeutung wird gesellschaftlicher Wandel im Frühneolithikum und frühen Mittelneolithikum Südskandinaviens diskutiert. Die Untersuchung der sozialen und räumlichen Aspekte und Verbindungen, die in den Megalithgräbern gebündelt sind, erlauben ein erweitertes Verständnis komplexer sozialer Zusammenhänge sowie Kontinuitäten und Änderungen in den frühen agrarischen Gesellschaften im ersten Teil des nordzentraleuropäischen Neolithikums.
A Comparison of Visual Response Properties in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Primary Visual Cortex of Awake and Anesthetized Mice
Authors: Durand Séverine , Iyer Ramakrishnan , Mizuseki Kenji , de Vries Saskia , Mihalas Stefan , Reid R. Clay 
Published: November 2016

The cerebral cortex of the mouse has become one of the most important systems for studying information processing and the neural correlates of behavior. Multiple studies have examined the first stages of visual cortical processing: primary visual cortex (V1) and its thalamic inputs from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), but more rarely in the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) in mice. Multiple single-unit surveys of dLGN and V1, both with electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging, have described receptive fields in anesthetized animals. Increasingly, awake animals are being used in physiological studies, so it is important to compare neuronal responses between awake and anesthetized state. We have performed a comprehensive survey of spatial and temporal response properties in V1, dLGN, and lateral posterior nucleus of both anesthetized and awake animals, using a common set of stimuli: drifting sine-wave gratings spanning a broad range of spatial and temporal parameters, and sparse noise stimuli consisting of flashed light and dark squares. Most qualitative receptive field parameters were found to be unchanged between the two states, such as most aspects of spatial processing, but there were significant differences in several parameters, most notably in temporal processing. Compared with anesthetized animals, the temporal frequency that evoked the peak response was shifted toward higher values in the dLGN of awake mice and responses were more sustained. Further, the peak response to a flashed stimulus was earlier in all three areas. Overall, however, receptive field properties in the anesthetized animal remain a good model for those in the awake animal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe primary visual cortex (V1) of the mouse and its inputs from visual thalamus (dLGN), have become a dominant model for studying information processing in the brain. Early surveys of visual response properties (receptive fields) were performed in anesthetized animals. Although most recent studies of V1 have been performed in awake animals to examine links between vision and behavior, there have been few comprehensive studies of receptive field properties in the awake mouse, especially in dLGN and lateral posterior nucleus. We have performed a comparative survey of receptive fields in dLGN, lateral posterior nucleus, and V1 in anesthetized and awake mice. We found multiple differences in processing of time-varying stimuli, whereas the spatial aspects of receptive fields remain comparatively unchanged.
L’univers «Japon» romanesque en tant que scénographie dans Stupeur et Tremblement d’Amélie Nothomb
Authors: Koma Kyoko 
Published: November 2016

Japonijoje gimusi ir ten vaikystę praleidusi belgų kilmės rašytoja Amélie Nothomb, remdamasi savo japoniška patirtimi, išleido keletą romanų, tarp jų – Baimę ir drebėjimą (Stupeur et tremblemet, 1999). Asmeninė rašytojos gyvenimo Japonijoje patirtis, jos romano pasakotojas ir personažų vardai skatina tam tikrą skaitytojų recepciją – skaityti šį romaną kaip tikrovišką pasakojimą. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad romano pasakotoja Amelija, vartodama tokius vie­našališkus žodžius ir posakius kaip antai stereotipai ir išankstinės nuomonės (idées reçues), konstruoja stereotipišką ir ironiškai konotuotą Japonijos visuo­menės paveikslą, kurį skaitytojai interpretuoja kaip scenografiją. Šioje scenografijoje pasakotojos Ame­lijos patirtis pateikiama kaip būdinga tik Japonijos visuomenei.