bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control Robusto de un Doble Péndulo Invertido - Robust control of a Double Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Ruiz Velázquez Eduardo , Ruiz Velázquez Eduardo , Vega Magdaleno Gustavo Daniel , García Rodríguez Julio Alberto 
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo presenta el diseño de un controlador robusto H∞ para la estabilización de un Doble Péndulo Invertido (DPI). El modelo matemático del DPI es obtenido vía linealización del sistema diseñado en la Toolbox de simulación virtual SimscapeTM MultibodyTM de MathWorks. Se realiza una comparación entre el controlador incluido por defecto en la Toolbox mencionada y el controlador propuesto. La experimentación virtual demuestra que el algoritmo de control robusto H∞ exhibe un mejor desempeño en escenarios donde existen variaciones paramétricas como era de esperarse. En este sentido, la aportación de este trabajo es mostrar la síntesis del controlador y resaltar la importancia de la Toolbox que proporciona un entorno de simulación 3D para múltiples sistemas de ingeniería mecánica y robótica. De igual manera, resulta ser una excelente herramienta didáctica para el aprendizaje de los sistemas de control retroalimentado. Abstract: This paper presents the design of a robust H∞ controller for the stabilization of a Double Inverted Pendulum (DIP). The mathematical model of the DIP is obtained via linearization of the system designed in the virtual simulation toolbox SimscapeTM MultibodyTM of MathWorks. A comparison of the execution is made between the controller included by default in the aforementioned Toolbox and the proposed controller. Virtual experimentation shows that the H∞ robust control algorithm exhibits better performance in scenarios where there are parametric variations as expected. In this sense, the contribution of this work is to show the synthesis of the controller and highlight the importance of the Toolbox that provides a 3D simulation environment for multiple mechanical and robotic engineering systems. In the same way, it turns out to be an excellent didactic tool for the learning of feedback control systems. Keywords: robust control, double inverted pendulum, SimscapeTM MultibodyTM.
Relationship between pathogenic E.coli O78-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage and Zonulin expression levels in yaks
Authors: Ren Xiaoli , Shi Bin , Chang Zhenyu , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Shuo , Liu Ruidong , Sang Mudan , Dong Hailong , Wu Qingxia 
Published: September 2024

To explore whether the intestinal damage of yak colibacillosis resulted from the regulation of Zonulin expression by its pathogenic bacteria, the overexpression and interference plasmids of Zonulin were designed and cultured in Tranwell after cell transfection. Then qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the results of cell transfection, 200 mL 1×105 CFU/mL E.coli O78 was added for 4 hours, transmembrane resistance was measured by transmembrane resistance meter, FD4 fluorescence concentration in the lower chamber was detected by enzyme labeling instrument, bacterial translocation was measured by CFU counting method, and epithelial mucin (MUC1, MUC2) and tight junction protein (FABP2, Occludin, ZO-1) were detected by qRT-PCR.ResultsThe Zonulin gene overexpression and knockout cell lines were successfully constructed, the TEER value of the barrier of Zonulin overexpression cell lines began to decrease at 1 h after the addition of E.coli O78 and reached the lowest value at 4 h, and the TEER value of Zonulin interference cell lines decreased within 1-4 h after the addition of E.coli O78. At 4 h, the FD4 passing capacity of Zonulin overexpression cell lines was significantly higher than that of interfering cell lines, reaching twice as much as siRNA-1. The amount of bacterial translocation in overexpressed cell lines increased rapidly within 1-4 h, and the concentration of E.coli in the lower chamber was significantly higher than that in the siRNA-1 group at 4 h, but there was no significant change in the siRNA-1 group in the 1-4 h. There was no significant change in the mRNA level of MUC1 in Zonulin overexpression and interference cell lines after the addition of E.coli O78. In the overexpression group, the mRNA levels of MUC2, Occludin, and ZO-1 were significantly decreased, and the mRNA level of FABP2 was increased considerably. These results suggest stimulate epithelial cells to secrete Zonulin protein. Many Zonulin proteins regulate the opening of tight junction structures, reduce the transmembrane resistance of the cell barrier, and improve the permeability of the cell barrier and the amount of bacterial translocation.
Climate variability through the lens of applied weather index insurance in Senegal-a novel perspective on the implications of decadal variation
Authors: Osgood Daniel , Blakeley S. Lucille , Ouni Souha , Enenkel Markus , Braun Melody , Lebel Thierry , Giannini Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionWeather-based index insurance is a financial instrument which allows smallholder farmers to protect themselves against climate shocks such as droughts and floods. In many cases, insurance indices are based on one or more earth observation datasets (e.g., rainfall, soil moisture, vegetative health) which are partly covering periods of more than 40 years. While remote sensing products and their associated data have improved over this time, understanding the historical climate variability and trends remains an essential piece in ensuring the development of indexes that best represent farmers’ risks. From a practical perspective, shortening time series to limit the risk of understudied climate variability, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, sometimes seems to be a quick solution. However, shorter time series jeopardize the overall robustness of the index. Therefore, understanding the links between climate variability, index design, and implications for farmers is key. Weather-based index insurance products in Sahelian West Africa usually face a challenge in robustly quantify underlying climatic decadal variation in seasonal rainfall.MethodsThis study analyzes the influence of decadal shifts in rainfall patterns in Sahelian West Africa, in particular Senegal, on index insurance calibration and design, concluding with practical recommendations for the next generation of drought risk finance instruments in the region.ResultsOur findings indicate that decadal variability has not led to a clear decrease in payouts in recent years compared to earlier years, despite an overall increase in seasonal rainfall. Rather, we find that interannual variability has increased which may be a more critical factor for assessing farmers’ agricultural risk than the increase in total rainfall.DiscussionFocusing on key moments of the cropping calendar in the design of an index shows that an increase in the total average rainfall per season does not result in fewer payouts.
Mobile health apps for cardiovascular risk assessment: a systematic review
Authors: Chavez-Ecos Fabian A. , Chavez-Ecos Rodrigo , Vergara Sanchez Carlos , Chavez-Gutarra Miguel A. , Agarwala Anandita , Camacho-Caballero Kiara 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionmHealth apps (MHA) are emerging as promising tools for cardiovascular risk assessment, but few meet the standards required for clinical use. We aim to evaluate the quality and functionality of mHealth apps for cardiovascular risk assessment by healthcare professionals.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of MHA for cardiovascular risk assessment in the Apple Store, Play Store, and Microsoft Store until August 2023. Our eligibility criteria were based on the 2021 European Society Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice, the Framingham Risk Score, and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease score. Our protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. To assess quality, we used the validated Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS) score, which includes 19 items across four objective scales (engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality) and one additional subjective scale. For functionality evaluation, we used the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality scale. We performed data synthesis by generating descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 18 MHA were included in the review. The most common scores used were the Framingham score, ASCVD score, and Score 2. Only six apps achieved an overall score of 4 or greater in the MARS evaluation. The MHA with the highest MARS score was ESC CVD Risk Calculation (5 points), followed by ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus (4.9 points). In the IMS scale, four MHA had a high functionality score: ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus (5 points), ESC CVD Risk Calculation (5 points), MDCalc Medical Calculator (4 points), and Calculate by QsMD (4 points).DiscussionA gap exists in the availability of high-quality MHA designed for healthcare professionals to facilitate shared decision-making in cardiovascular risk assessment.Systematic Review RegistrationThe International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, identifier CRD42023453807.
Adipose tissue insulin resistance in young Japanese women is associated with metabolic abnormalities and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate
Authors: Sato Motonori , Tamura Yoshifumi , Kaga Hideyoshi , Yamasaki Nozomu , Kadowaki Satoshi , Sugimoto Daisuke , Nakagata Takashi , Someya Yuki , Nishida Yuya , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe proportion of young Japanese women who are underweight is exceptionally high. We previously showed that the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was high in underweight young Japanese women, and that IGT was characterized by high free fatty acid levels and adipose tissue insulin resistance (ATIR). As the next step, this study aimed to explore factors associated with elevated ATIR in this population.ParticipantsNinety-eight young, healthy, underweight women participated in this study.DesignTo investigate the relationship between ATIR and metabolic parameters, participants were divided into three groups (Low, Medium, and High) according to ATIR level. Body composition examination, oral glucose tolerance testing, and blood biochemical analysis were performed; Adipo-IR and the Matsuda index were used as indices of ATIR and systemic insulin sensitivity, respectively.ResultsParticipants in the High ATIR group had the highest prevalence of IGT (25%), and significantly higher body fat percentage, whole-body insulin resistance, and levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) than the other two groups. They were also significantly younger and had higher systolic blood pressure than the Low ATIR group. Multiple regression analysis showed that DHEA-S, which is known to enhance lipolysis in adipose tissue, was an independent correlate of ATIR.ConclusionsUnderweight Japanese women with high ATIR had impaired metabolism, a higher prevalence of IGT, higher systemic insulin resistance, and higher systolic blood pressure. DHEA-S was a determinant of high ATIR levels.
Experimental investigation of emissions from a single-cylinder diesel engine using methanol–diesel blends
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Qays , Oshchepkov Petr Platonovich 
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of methanol–diesel blends on the emissions of a diesel engine, concentrating on carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HCs), and particulate matter (PM). Using a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at varying torque settings (2 N m–6 N m), significant reductions in CO, CO2, HC, and PM emissions were observed with increasing methanol content. CO emissions reduced by up to 81.8%, CO2 by up to 64.2%, HC by up to 80.4%, and PM by up to 23.5% with the MD11 blend. NOx emissions initially increased but decreased by up to 20% at higher torques with the same blend. These results highlight the environmental benefits of methanol–diesel blends and the need for effective NOx reduction strategies.
Integration of remote sensing and artificial neural networks for prediction of soil organic carbon in arid zones
Authors: Gouda Mohamed , Abu-hashim Mohamed , Nassrallah Attyat , Khalil Mohamed N. , Hendawy Ehab , benhasher Fahdah F. , Shokr Mohamed S. , Elshewy Mohamed A. , Mohamed Elsayed said 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionMapping soil organic carbon (SOC) with high precision is useful for controlling soil fertility and comprehending the global carbon cycle. Low-relief locations are characterized by minimal variability in traditional soil-forming elements, such as terrain and climatic conditions, which make it difficult to reflect the spatial variation of soil properties. In the meantime, vegetation cover makes it more difficult to obtain direct knowledge about agricultural soil. Crop growth and biomass are reflected by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a significant indicator. Rather than using conventional soil-forming variables.MethodsIn this study, a novel model for predicting SOC was developed using Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) band data (Blue (B), Green (G), Red (R), and Near Infrared (NIR), NDVI data as the supporting variables, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). A total of 120 surface soil samples were collected at a depth of 25 cm in the northeastern Nile Delta near Damietta City. Of these, 80% (96 samples) were randomly selected for model training, while the remaining 24 samples were used for testing and validation. Additionally, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) models were trained to estimate SOC levels using the Matern 5/2 kernel within the Regression Learner framework.Results and discussionThe results demonstrate that both the ANN with a multilayer feedforward network and the GPR model offer effective frameworks for SOC prediction. The ANN achieved an R2 value of 0.84, while the GPR model with the Matern 5/2 kernel achieved a higher R2 value of 0.89. These findings, supported by visual and statistical evaluations through cross-validation, confirm the reliability and accuracy of the models.ConclusionThe systematic application of GPR within the Regression Learner framework provides a robust tool for SOC prediction, contributing to sustainable soil management and agricultural practices.
Phosphatidylcholine’s influence on Dysmenorrhea: conclusive insights from Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Li Yuzheng , Zhou Shiyao , Huang Yuchen , Yu Qiuhao , Wu Qibiao 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels and dysmenorrhea using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample MR analysis using GWAS data on PC levels and dysmenorrhea. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PC levels were used as instrumental variables. MR-Egger regression and inverse variance weighting (IVW) were used to estimate the causal effect of PC levels on dysmenorrhea. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsThe IVW analysis revealed a significant positive association between higher PC levels and dysmenorrhea (OR: 1.533, 95% CI: 1.039–2.262, P = 0.031). The MR-Egger regression did not detect pleiotropy. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.ConclusionThis study provides evidence suggesting a causal link between increased PC levels and dysmenorrhea. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship and to explore potential therapeutic implications.
A comprehensive in silico analysis and experimental validation of miRNAs capable of discriminating between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Javanmardifard Zahra , Rahmani Saeid , Bayat Hadi , Mirtavoos-Mahyari Hanifeh , Ghanei Mostafa , Mowla Seyed Javad 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAccurate differentiation between lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is crucial owing to their distinct therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit variable expression across subtypes, making them promising biomarkers for discrimination. This study aimed to identify miRNAs with robust discriminatory potential between AC and SCC and elucidate their clinical significance.MethodsMiRNA expression profiles for AC and SCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression analysis and supervised machine learning methods (Support Vector Machine, Decision trees and Naïve Bayes) were employed. Clinical significance was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, survival analysis, and correlation with clinicopathological features. Validation was conducted using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, signaling pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses were conducted to unveil biological functions.ResultsFive miRNAs (miR-205-3p, miR-205-5p, miR-944, miR-375 and miR-326) emerged as potential discriminative markers. The combination of miR-944 and miR-326 yielded an impressive area under the curve of 0.985. RT-qPCR validation confirmed their biomarker potential. miR-326 and miR-375 were identified as prognostic factors in AC, while miR-326 and miR-944 correlated significantly with survival outcomes in SCC. Additionally, exploration of signaling pathways implicated their involvement in key pathways including PI3K-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, and Ras.ConclusionThis study enhances our understanding of miRNAs as discriminative markers between AC and SCC, shedding light on their role as prognostic indicators and their association with clinicopathological characteristics. Moreover, it highlights their potential involvement in signaling pathways crucial in non-small cell lung cancer pathogenesis.
Gut microbiota and functional outcome after ischemic stroke: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Qu Dian , Jiang Deming , Xin Yan , Yang Guichun , Liang Huan , Wang Linlin 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis could affect clinical prognosis through an unknown mechanism. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and the functional outcome after ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal association between the gut microbiota and the functional outcome after ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsGenetic instrumental variables associated with 211 bacterial traits were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium (N = 18,340). Data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for functional outcome after ischemic stroke were obtained from two phenotypes (i.e., overall stroke outcome and motor recovery). The inverse variance weighted method was used to estimate the causal association. Enrichment analysis was conducted based on the results of the MR analyses.ResultsThe genetically predicted family Peptostreptococcaceae (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.98, p = 0.038) and the genera LachnospiraceaeNK4A136 group (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43–1.00, p = 0.048), LachnospiraceaeUCG004 (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.33–0.90, p = 0.017), and Odoribacter (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21–0.77, p = 0.006) presented a suggestive association with favorable functional outcome, while the genera Eubacterium oxidoreducens group (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.11–2.84, p = 0.018) and RuminococcaceaeUCG005 (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.15–2.96, p = 0.010) were associated with unfavorable functional outcome. The genetically predicted family Oxalobacteraceae (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.10–4.11, p = 0.025) and the genus RuminococcaceaeUCG014 (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.29–13.52, p = 0.017) showed a suggestive association with motor recovery, while the order Enterobacteriales (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.02–0.87, p = 0.035) and the family Enterobacteriaceae (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.02–0.87, p = 0.035) were associated with motor weakness. Enrichment analysis revealed that regulation of the synapse structure or activity may be involved in the effect of the gut microbiota on the functional outcome after ischemic stroke.ConclusionsThis study provides genetic support that the gut microbiota, especially those associated with short-chain fatty acids, could affect stroke prognosis by mediating synapse function. Our findings suggest that modifying the composition of the gut microbiota could improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke.
Chitinase 1: a novel therapeutic target in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Cha Jung Hoon , Park Na Ri , Cho Sung Woo , Nam Heechul , Yang Hyun , Jung Eun Sun , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Sung Pil Soo , Bae Si Hyun 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by persistent inflammatory cascades, with macrophage activation playing a pivotal role. Chitinase 1 (CHIT1), produced by activated macrophages, is a key player in this cascade. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of CHIT1 in MASH with progressive liver fibrosis.MethodsFibrotic liver tissue and serum from distinct patient groups were analyzed using nCounter MAX, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A MASH mouse model was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of OATD-01, a chitinase inhibitor. Macrophage profiling was performed using single-nuclei RNA sequencing and flow cytometry.ResultsCHIT1 expression in fibrotic liver tissues was significantly correlated with the extent of liver fibrosis, macrophages, and inflammation. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing demonstrated a notable increase in macrophages numbers, particularly of lipid-associated macrophages, in MASH mice. Treatment with OATD-01 reduced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score and Sirius red-positive area. Additionally, OATD-01-treated mice had lower CHIT1, F4/80, and α-smooth muscle actin positivity, as well as significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers, pro-fibrotic genes, and matrix remodeling-related mRNAs than vehicle-treated mice. Although the population of F4/80+CD11b+ intrahepatic mononuclear phagocytes remained unchanged, their infiltration and activation (CHIT1+MerTK+) significantly decreased in OATD-01-treated mice, compared with that observed in vehicle-treated mice.ConclusionsOur study underscores the pivotal role of CHIT1 in MASH. The observed significant improvement in inflammation and hepatic fibrosis, particularly at higher doses of the CHIT1 inhibitor, strongly suggests the potential of CHIT1 as a therapeutic target in MASH accompanied by progressive liver fibrosis.