bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axonal endoplasmic reticulum is very narrow
Authors: Terasaki Mark 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected network of tubules and sheets. In most tissues of the body, ER tubules have a diameter of ∼60 nm. Using new methods for serial-section electron microscopy, a distinct class of very narrow, 20- to 30-nm-diameter tubules were found in neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system. The narrow tubules appear to be the most abundant form of ER in axons, and are also found interspersed in the cell bodies and dendrites. At the site of branch points, there is a small sheet that has a similarly narrow lumen. The narrowness of the ER is likely to be important for the as yet poorly characterized functions of the axonal ER.
PENANAMAN NILAI–NILAI KARAKTER MELALUI EKSTRAKURIKULER HADROH DI MI MA’ARIF GIRILOYO 1 IMOGIRI BANTUL
Authors: Santosa Sedya 
Published: January 2018

In Hadroh art, there are so many values that are connected with education aspects like divinity (tauhid), worship, and characteristic. Characteristic values in school can be planted with integrated way in subject, and through extracurricular. At MI Ma’arif Girilyo 1 Imogiri Bantul, Hadroh extracuricullar is one of the subject that becomes one of vessel in Madrasah’s way to plant characterisctic values to students.According to the background above that problem’s formulation in this research is (1) how the Hadroh’s extracuricurral activity process in MI Ma’arif Giriloyo 1Imogiri Bantul, (2) any characteristic values that could be formed through Hadroh extracuricullar activity.This is a qualitative research, kind of field research that takes the place in MI Ma’arif Giriloyo 1 Imogiri Bantul. This research’s subject is Hadroh’s extracuricullarteacher and the students that followed the activity. The supporting informant are the Madrasah’s headmaster and its homeroom teacher. Data accumulation metode that was used are observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis technique that was used including data reduction, data presentation, and verification.This research’s result indicates that Hadroh extraculicullar in MI Ma’arif Giriloyo 1 Imogiri Bantul which is followed by 12 male students IV and V where the event’s sequences in every practice are opening, vocal material giving and tabuhan, sholawat reading (song making), and closing. Characteristic values that improved in Hadroh extracullicular are religious, dicipline, hard work, independence, curiosity, patriotism (nationalism), recognize excellence, and responsibility.
Keywords: Cultivation, Extracurricular, Hadroh, Values Character
Evaluation of the Performance of TDR and Capacitance Techniques for Soil Moisture Measurement
Authors: Susha Lekshmi S. U. , Singh D. N. , Tarantino Alessandro , Baghini M. S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Though researchers have employed various techniques (gravimetric, electromagnetic, neutron scattering, heat pulse, microwave, and optical remote sensing techniques) for soil moisture measurement, dielectric-based techniques (Time Domain Reflectometry [TDR] and capacitance technique [CT]) have gained much more popularity, mainly due to revolutionary developments in the fields of electronics and data communication systems. However, the suitability and relative performance of these techniques for moisture measurement of soils is a point of debate. Hence, in order to address this issue, extensive studies were conducted on soils of entirely different characteristics, compacted at various compaction states (dry densities and water contents) by employing TDR and capacitance probes. Subsequently, the dielectric constant of the soil and its bulk electrical conductivity were obtained using these probes and compared against each other and those computed from Topp’s equation, which is a well-established relationship between the dielectric constant of the soil and its volumetric moisture content. An attempt was also made to correlate Ka values obtained from the dielectric techniques and Topp’s equation with those of the Time Propagation (TP) Mixing model, which incorporates the properties of the soil matrix as well. It has been observed that the Ka-TDR matches well with the Ka-Topp and Ka-TP, while the best match has been observed between Ka-TDR and Ka-Topp as compared to the Ka-CT. As such, the study demonstrates clearly that Topp’s equation, which ignores the soil-specific parameters, is capable of determining the soil moisture content appropriately. This study proposes an empirical equation that relates dielectric constants obtained from Topp’s equation to those obtained from TDR, CT, and the TP Mixing model. Such a relationship can be further utilized for estimating the volumetric soil moisture content.
Design, Use, and Interpretation of an Instrumented Flat Dilatometer Test
Authors: Shen Hao , Haegeman Wim , Peiffer Herman 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The flat dilatometer test (DMT) has been increasingly used as a routine geotechnical site characterization tool in numerous parts of the world for over 30 years. In the meantime, with the rapidly growing metal 3D printing technique, engineers now can design robust, durable devices that are impossible to make by traditional means. This paper presents the development of an instrumented dilatometer (idilatometer) that has continuous measurements of a piston expansion up to 2.35 mm and pore pressure at the piston center with the assistance of a metal 3D printing technique. A field-testing program consisting of an instrumented flat dilatometer test (iDMT), a DMT, and a cone penetration test (CPT) positioned 1 m apart from each other was carried out in a site in Belgium composed of soil that ranged from silty sands to sandy silts. Interpretation techniques are provided to evaluate the test results, such as the conceptual contact pressure pc based on the full pressure-displacement curve in the iDMT as an alternative for p0 in the DMT. The pressure required for a 0.56-mm piston expansion is found to be equivalent to that of a 1.1-mm central membrane displacement, based on a finite element method (FEM) simulation approach with the assumption of linear elastic soils and a modified displacement boundary. A comparison made between test results from the iDMT, the DMT, and the CPT shows reasonable trends and suggests the use of the iDMT in future soil investigation.
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Analysis of Particle Settling in Narrow Fracture Experiments
Authors: Luo Lan , Tomac Ingrid 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study of dense sand particles’ settling micromechanics in narrow smooth and rough fractures. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used for the analysis of velocities of individual particles and groups of particles and their relative paths, collisions, and agglomerating in viscous Newtonian fluid. The displacement vectors obtained through PIV analysis show the movements and velocities of individual and groups of particles and the global velocity trends of the observed area. Experiments were conducted in a relatively narrow 2-mm slot compared to the main particle size of 0.66 mm across. Smooth and rough fracture walls are considered, in which acrylic plates and 3-D–printed hydraulic fracture replica were used. The measured results from this experimental study give new insights into the effects of particle and agglomerate size and shape as well as fluid dynamic viscosity on slurry settling velocity. It was found that an increase in fluid dynamic viscosity promotes the formation of larger agglomerated particles of sand, which, in return, affect overall slurry settling velocity. Observations from rough fracture wall experiments yielded significantly different slurry behavior, with increased erratic particle motions and fewer agglomerations compared to the smooth, idealized fracture walls. Experimental results give new insights into slurry settling in narrow fractures, which has applications to proppant settling in fractures for the oil, gas, and geothermal industries.
Assessing Moisture Sensitivity of Rubberized Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Surface Free Energy Method and Dynamic Water Pressure Tester
Authors: Yu Jiangmiao , Xiong Chunlong , Zhang Xiaoning , Ge Zhesheng , An Guanfeng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study attempts to understand the effect of Zy as an antistripping agent on the moisture resistance of rubberized warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures using the surface free energy (SFE) method and dynamic water pressure tester (DWPT). First, viscosity tests were performed to determine the reasonable mixing and compaction temperatures. Therefore, volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures with all binders compacted with the Superpave gyratory compaction (SGC) method were measured. Second, the effects of Zy on micromechanisms of moisture damage in the asphalt-aggregate interface were analyzed using the SFE method. Finally, moisture sensitivity of the rubberized WMA mixtures was evaluated by determining the tensile strength ratio (TSR) of warm rubberized mixtures. The TSR was determined by the DWPT, a newly developed moisture-conditioning machine, to better simulate realistic moisture conditioning within asphalt pavements. The results suggest that E3G does not play a significant role in reducing binder viscosity, especially at high temperatures. Results also demonstrate that the Zy agent does not impact the temperature reduction function of E3G. The Zy agent significantly decreases the moisture damage of rubberized WMA mixtures in both SFE and TSR results. These findings also show that the DWPT has significant potential as an effective laboratory tool for better simulation of actual moisture conditioning.
Feedforward Inhibition Allows Input Summation to Vary in Recurrent Cortical Networks
Authors: Histed Mark H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBrain computations depend on how neurons transform inputs to spike outputs. Here, to understand input-output transformations in cortical networks, we recorded spiking responses from visual cortex (V1) of awake mice of either sex while pairing sensory stimuli with optogenetic perturbation of excitatory and parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons. We found that V1 neurons’ average responses were primarily additive (linear). We used a recurrent cortical network model to determine whether these data, as well as past observations of nonlinearity, could be described by a common circuit architecture. Simulations showed that cortical input-output transformations can be changed from linear to sublinear with moderate (∼20%) strengthening of connections between inhibitory neurons, but this change away from linear scaling depends on the presence of feedforward inhibition. Simulating a variety of recurrent connection strengths showed that, compared with when input arrives only to excitatory neurons, networks produce a wider range of output spiking responses in the presence of feedforward inhibition.
Identification and Validation of a New Source of Low Grain Cadmium Accumulation in Durum Wheat
Authors: Oladzad-Abbasabadi Atena , Kumar Ajay , Pirseyedi Seyed , Salsman Evan , Dobrydina Marina , Poudel Roshan Sharma , AbuHammad Wesam A , Chao Shiaoman , Faris Justin D , Elias Elias M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has no known biological function and is toxic for many living organisms. The maximum level of Cd concentration allowed in the international market for wheat grain is 0.2 mg kg−1. Because phenotyping for Cd uptake is expensive and time consuming, molecular markers associated with genes conferring low Cd uptake would expedite selection and lead to the development of durum cultivars with reduced Cd concentrations. Here, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a novel low Cd uptake locus in the durum experimental line D041735, which has hexaploid common wheat in its pedigree. Genetic analysis revealed a single major QTL for Cd uptake on chromosome arm 5BL within a 0.3 cM interval flanked by SNP markers. Analysis of the intervening sequence revealed a gene with homology to an aluminum-induced protein as a candidate gene. Validation and allelism tests revealed that the low Cd uptake gene identified in this study is different from the closely linked Cdu1-B gene, which also resides on 5BL. This study therefore showed that the durum experimental line D041735 contains a novel low Cd uptake gene that was likely acquired from hexaploid wheat.
The Highly Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes Indicate That the Booklouse,Liposcelis bostrychophila(Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) Is a Cryptic Species
Authors: Feng Shiqian , Yang Qianqian , Li Hu , Song Fan , Stejskal Václav , Opit George P , Cai Wanzhi , Li Zhihong , Shao Renfu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila is an important storage pest worldwide. The mitochondrial (mt) genome of an asexual strain (Beibei, China) of the L. bostrychophila comprises two chromosomes; each chromosome contains approximate half of the 37 genes typically found in bilateral animals. The mt genomes of two sexual strains of L. bostrychophila, however, comprise five and seven chromosomes, respectively; each chromosome contains one to six genes. To understand mt genome evolution in L. bostrychophila, and whether L. bostrychophila is a cryptic species, we sequenced the mt genomes of six strains of asexual L. bostrychophila collected from different locations in China, Croatia, and the United States. The mt genomes of all six asexual strains of L. bostrychophila have two chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of mt genome sequences divided nine strains of L. bostrychophila into four groups. Each group has a distinct mt genome organization and substantial sequence divergence (48.7–87.4%) from other groups. Furthermore, the seven asexual strains of L. bostrychophila, including the published Beibei strain, are more closely related to two other species of booklice, L. paeta and L. sculptilimacula, than to the sexual strains of L. bostrychophila. Our results revealed highly divergent mt genomes in the booklouse, L. bostrychophila, and indicate that L. bostrychophila is a cryptic species.
Functional Analysis of Cancer-Associated DNA Polymerase ε Variants inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Barbari Stephanie R , Kane Daniel P , Moore Elizabeth A , Shcherbakova Polina V 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDNA replication fidelity relies on base selectivity of the replicative DNA polymerases, exonucleolytic proofreading, and postreplicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Ultramutated human cancers without MMR defects carry alterations in the exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase ε (Polε). They have been hypothesized to result from defective proofreading. However, modeling of the most common variant, Polε-P286R, in yeast produced an unexpectedly strong mutator effect that exceeded the effect of proofreading deficiency by two orders of magnitude and indicated the involvement of other infidelity factors. The in vivo consequences of many additional Polε mutations reported in cancers remain poorly understood. Here, we genetically characterized 13 cancer-associated Polε variants in the yeast system. Only variants directly altering the DNA binding cleft in the exonuclease domain elevated the mutation rate. Among these, frequently recurring variants were stronger mutators than rare variants, in agreement with the idea that mutator phenotype has a causative role in tumorigenesis. In nearly all cases, the mutator effects exceeded those of an exonuclease-null allele, suggesting that mechanisms distinct from loss of proofreading may drive the genome instability in most ultramutated tumors. All mutator alleles were semidominant, supporting the view that heterozygosity for the polymerase mutations is sufficient for tumor development. In contrast to the DNA binding cleft alterations, peripherally located variants, including a highly recurrent V411L, did not significantly elevate mutagenesis. Finally, the analysis of Polε variants found in MMR-deficient tumors suggested that the majority cause no mutator phenotype alone but some can synergize with MMR deficiency to increase the mutation rate.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Suppressor DNA Mixtures Identifies Pathways That Compensate for Chromosome Segregation Defects inSchizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Xu Xingya , Wang Li , Yanagida Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuppressor screening is a powerful method to identify genes that, when mutated, rescue the temperature sensitivity of the original mutation. Previously, however, identification of suppressor mutations has been technically difficult. Due to the small genome size of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we developed a spontaneous suppressor screening technique, followed by a cost-effective sequencing method. Genomic DNAs of 10 revertants that survived at the restrictive temperature of the original temperature sensitive (ts) mutant were mixed together as one sample before constructing a library for sequencing. Responsible suppressor mutations were identified bioinformatically based on allele frequency. Then, we isolated a large number of spontaneous extragenic suppressors for three ts mutants that exhibited defects in chromosome segregation at their restrictive temperature. Screening provided new insight into mechanisms of chromosome segregation: loss of Ufd2 E4 multi-ubiquitination activity suppresses defects of an AAA ATPase, Cdc48. Loss of Wpl1, a releaser of cohesin, compensates for the Eso1 mutation, which may destabilize sister chromatid cohesion. The segregation defect of a ts histone H2B mutant is rescued if it fails to be deubiquitinated by the SAGA complex, because H2B is stabilized by monoubiquitination.
ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN MUSIM PENANGKAPAN LOBSTER (Panulirus spp) DI PERAIRAN KUPANG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Triharyuni Setiya , Wiadnyana Ngurah N 
Published: January 2018

Lobster merupakan komoditas perikanan andalan yang banyak dieksploitasi di perairan Kupang untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar dalam dan luar negeri. Hal ini menyebabkan kegiatan penangkapan lobster berlangsung sangat intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek biologi dan musim penangkapan lobster. Data dan informasi yang dikumpulkan meliputi ukuran panjang karapas dan berat serta jenis kelamin tiap-tiap jenis lobster yang tertangkap serta hasil tangkapan dan upaya yang dilakukan secara bulanan. Data tangkapan lobster yang dianalisis dicatat selama periode Oktober 2015 - Desember 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat jenis lobster dari kelompok Palinuridae, yaitu lobster bambu (P. versicolor), lobster batu (P. penicillatus), lobster pasir (P. homarus) dan lobster mutiara (Panulirus ornatus). Berdasarkan jumlah individu, tangkapan lobster bambu mendominasi yaitu sekitar 60 % dari tangkapan total. Secara umum ukuran dari semua jenis lobster sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang undangan. Nisbah kelamin yang seimbang dan ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap lebih besar dari setengah panjang infinitif dan panjang pertama matang gonad menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya lobster masih layak untuk dieksploitasi. Musim penangkapan losbter di wilayah Kupang ini secara umum terjadi pada periode musim penghujan yang mulai dari September sampai Februari. Pembinaan kepada nelayan perlu ditingkatkan agar nelayan tetap patuh pada peraturan perundangan yang berlaku, bahkan dapat diikuti dengan nelayan di wilayah lainnya. Lobster fishery commodity in Kupang. Many lobsters are exploited in these waters to meet domestic and foreign market demand. This led to lobster fishing activities very intensive. The research on lobster resources was conducted to analyze the biology aspect and lobster fishing season. Data included, length of the carapace, individual weight, sex of lobsters and the monthly catches and efforts. The lobster catch data analyzed were recorded during the period of October 2015 - December 2016. The results show that there were four species of lobster from the Palinuridae group,i.e:the ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus), pronghorn spiny lobster (P. penicillatus), scalloped spiny lobster (P. homarus) and painted spiny lobster (P. versicolor). The catch was dominated by P. versicolor with 60% of the total catch. Generally the size of all lobster species with the regulation concerning the lobster fishing. The balance of sex ratio and the size of Lc of more than 0,5 of Land more than length at first maturity indicates that the lobster resource in Kupang and surrounding waters is still exploited. The losbter fishing season is generally in the rainy season period from September to february. The increase of guidance to fishermen is needed to keep the fishermen the law and regulations, even can be followed by fishermen in other areas.
An institutional comparative study of self-gripping progrip mesh with prolene mesh in repair of inguinal hernia: a single center study
Authors: Sahoo Rashmiranjan , Samal Debasish , Abdullah Md. Omar 
Published: January 2018

Background: The type of inguinal hernia repair used depends on many factors predominantly surgeon’s training, interpretation of the literature and personal preference. This prospective cohort study describes a consecutive series of open mesh inguinal hernia repairs (modified Lichtenstein technique) performed in this hospital with two different mesh types.Methods: Analysis was undertaken on 60 consecutive patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair during last one year. Short-term outcomes were compared between those repaired with conventional polypropylene mesh and those with Covidien Progrip mesh.Results: All patients were male, and the mean age was 60 years. The median operative time was 60 minutes for unilateral hernias and 90 minutes for bilateral hernias. The use of Covidien Progrip mesh reduced the operative time to 40 minutes for unilateral hernias and 60 minutes for bilateral hernias. After unilateral hernia repair, 10% of the patients repaired with Progrip mesh were discharged home within 1 day of operation. Almost 99% of Progrip repair cases were discharged within 48 hrs. Twenty-four hours postoperatively, 74% of the patients were either totally pain free or had minimal discomfort. At 4weeks, 99%of the patients were either pain free or had minimal discomfort. Patients who underwent unilateral inguinal hernia repair with progrip mesh had the most rapid return to normal activities. All these parameters are slight longer in polypropylene mesh repair cases.Conclusions: Open anterior mesh repair is safe and results in minimal postoperative pain and early return to normal activities. Progrip mesh resulted in a shorter operative time and more rapid return to normal activities and decrease in long term postoperative pain compared with polypropylene mesh.