bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arachidonic Acid in the Diet of Captive Yellowtail and Its Effects on Egg Quality
Authors: Stuart Kevin , Johnson Ron , Armbruster Lisa , Drawbridge Mark 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Marine finfish require long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for normal physiological function, and because these LC-PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the fish, they must be obtained from the diet. Three LC-PUFAs—arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4[n-6]), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5[n-3]), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6[n-3])—are especially important for growth and development of marine fish embryos and larvae. We supplemented ARA in the diet of Yellowtail Seriola dorsalis to determine whether ARA levels have an effect on egg and larval quality. Two experimental diets were offered to replicate groups of Yellowtail held in 10-m3 tanks under ambient water temperature and photoperiod conditions. The reference diet (REF-D; 1.4 g of ARA per 100 g of total fatty acids) was a commercial premix (BioVita Starter Mash; Bio-Oregon) without ARA supplementation; the ARA diet (ARA-D; 4.7 g/100 g total fatty acids) was the commercial premix with 1.0% concentrated ARA oil (40% ARA, weight/weight) added. Fish in the REF-D treatment spawned 53 times during the spawning season for a total of 18.0 million eggs. Fish in the ARA-D treatment tanks spawned 30 times during the spawning season for a total of 13.0 million eggs. Viability, hatch rates, and egg diameter were all significantly higher in the ARA-D treatment. Fatty acid analysis of the diets showed a significant increase in ARA in the ARA-D diet, and that same increase was seen in the resulting eggs. Correspondingly, ARA-D eggs had a lower EPA : ARA ratio than REF-D eggs. The supplementation of ARA generated increases in key performance indices, which might have biological significance in a production setting. We additionally demonstrated that Yellowtail will spawn without hormone induction in small (10-m3) breeding tanks, which facilitates manipulative studies of broodstock nutrition as reported here. These data represent an excellent starting point for dietary refinements in the future.
A 14‐Protein Signature for Rapid Identification of Poor Prognosis Stage III Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Sykes Erin K. , McDonald Cassandra E. , Ghazanfar Shila , Mactier Swetlana , Thompson John F. , Scolyer Richard A. , Yang Jean Y. , Mann Graham J. , Christopherson Richard I. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeTo validate differences in protein levels between good and poor prognosis American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III melanoma patients and compile a protein panel to stratify patient risk.Experimental designProtein extracts from melanoma metastases within lymph nodes in patients with stage III disease with good (n = 16, >4 years survival) and poor survival (n = 14, <2 years survival) were analyzed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Diagonal Linear Discriminant Analysis (DLDA) was performed to generate a protein biomarker panel.ResultsSRM analysis identified ten proteins that were differentially abundant between good and poor prognosis stage III melanoma patients. The ten differential proteins were combined with 22 proteins identified in our previous work. A panel of 14 proteins was selected by DLDA that was able to accurately classify patients into prognostic groups based on levels of these proteins.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe ten differential proteins identified by SRM have biological significance in cancer progression. The final signature of 14 proteins identified by SRM could be used to identify AJCC stage III melanoma patients likely to have poor outcomes who may benefit from adjuvant systemic therapy.
Investigation of Intermittent Oscillations in Composite Propellant
Authors: Selvakumaran Thunaipragasam , Kadiresh Natarajan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA pressurized window bomb arrangement for AP‐HTPB combustion is studied using high speed images to analyze for unsteady combustion, resulting in combustion instability. The base combustion is unsteady and non‐stationary. The base filtered heat release rate pattern displays intermittency, seldom observed in prior literature. The intermittency observed is of type 1, and subsequent analysis leads to questions on conventional amplitude spectra as a measure of instability. A novel indicator, the intermittency factor is defined to understand the role of intermittency. It is seen that intermittency is marked by fluctuating intermittency factor values, implying a large deviation in phase values.
Improved protein splicing using embedded split inteins
Authors: Gramespacher Josef A. , Stevens Adam J. , Thompson Robert E. , Muir Tom W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNaturally split inteins mediate a traceless protein ligation process known as protein trans‐splicing (PTS). Although frequently used in protein engineering applications, the efficiency of PTS can be reduced by the tendency of some split intein fusion constructs to aggregate; a consequence of the fragmented nature of the split intein itself or the polypeptide to which it is fused (the extein). Here, we report a strategy to help address this liability. This involves embedding the split intein within a protein sequence designed to stabilize either the intein fragment itself or the appended extein. We expect this approach to increase the scope of PTS‐based protein engineering efforts.
Generation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells in mammals
Authors: Hayashi Masafumi , Kawaguchi Takamasa , Durcova‐Hills Gabriela , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe germ cell lineage transmits genetic and epigenetic information to the next generation. Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the early embryonic precursors of sperm or eggs, have been studied extensively. Recently, in vitro models of PGC induction have been established in the mouse. Many attempts are reported to enhance our understanding of PGC development in other mammals, including human.MethodsHere, original and review articles that have been published on PubMed are reviewed in order to give an overview of the literature that is focused on PGC development, including the specification of in vivo and in vitro in mice, human, porcine, and bovine.ResultsMammalian PGC development, in vivo and in vitro, have been studied primarily by using the mouse model as a template to study PGC specification in other mammals, including human, porcine, and bovine.ConclusionThe growing body of published works reveals similarities, as well as differences, in PGC establishment in and between mouse and human.
The Influence of Cold Caustic Extraction on the Purity, Accessibility and Reactivity of Dissolving‐Grade Pulp
Authors: Dou Xiaoli , Tang Yong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrehydrolysis and cold caustic extraction (CCE) are two effective approaches to convert the traditional Kraft pulp to a dissolving‐grade pulp. Compared to prehydrolysis, CCE has several positive attributes but reduces final pulp reactivity. To gain insight into the factors that influence the reactivity of CCE treated cellulose, we compared the surface morphology, supramolecular properties and fibre properties of commercial dissolving pulp from prehydrolysis to dissolving grade cellulose upgraded using CCE. CCE treatment promoted the fibril aggregation and modified the initial cellulose I on Kraft pulps to cellulose II, thus decreasing final pulp reactivity. Various “post‐treatments” such as mechanical refining, steam explosion, induction of fibre kink and curl, sulfuric acid hydrolysis and endoglucanase hydrolysis effectively recover the reactivity lost during the production of dissolving pulp cellulose using a CCE step. Mechanical refining combined with endoglucanase treatment had the greatest effect increasing the reactivity from 32% to 75%.
Visual Detection of Leishmania donovani and Leptomonas seymouri in Co–Infected Samples by Their Specific DNA Biomarker and Gold Nanoparticle
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Bose Partha Pratim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal tropical disease that often relapses in apparently recovered patients as post kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in Indian subcontinent. Recently, the co‐infection of Leishmania donovani and another tripanosmatid, Leptomonas seymouri has been reported in VL and PKDL in this region. The coexistence of Leishmania imposter, Leptomonas in the clinical isolates and its follow up cultures has been challenging in immunological and vaccine development research against leishmaniasis, where maintenance of pure Leishmania culture is a prerequisite. The impact of this newly observed parasitic co‐habitation in diagnosis and management of VL and PKDL is yet to be ascertained. However, an early detection of this emerging co‐infection has become intriguing for research and medical management of the disease. Internal transcribed spacer‐1 (ITS‐1), in which Leishmania and Leptomonas differ in sequences, were used as the specific markers in the current assay. The color of gold nanoparticle visually got changed as target DNA isolated from either of the species interacted with designed, species‐specific oligonucleotide probes added externally. The current colorimetric assay to detect the co‐infection of Leishmania and Leptomonas is a robust, sensitive, high throughput, low cost and rapid method requiring no sophisticated instruments.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopropane‐Linked Pyrazolones from Azomethine Ylides via C(sp3)‐H Activation
Authors: Yavari Issa , Naeimabadi Maryam , Sheykhahmadi Jamil , Bahemmat Samira , Halvagar Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel synthesis of spirocyclopropane‐1,4′‐pyrazolin‐5′‐one derivatives via iodine‐mediated C(sp3)–H activation is described. Thus, a diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclopropane‐linked pyrazolones from 4‐arylidene‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazolin‐5‐ones and azomethine ylides, generated in situ from iodine‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐methylquinoline or acetophenones with pyridine in the presence of base, has been developed. These transformations proceeded via a cyclopropanation reaction followed by anti‐elimination of pyridine. Unequivocal evidence for the structures of spirocycles rac‐anti‐5 a and rac‐anti‐12 a were obtained from single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. These methods offer several advantages, such as being inexpensive, moderate to high yield, high atom economy, and ease of product isolation, which make them attractive processes for the synthesis of spirocyclopropane‐linked pyrazolones. The spirans reported in this work may deserve further attention not only from a synthetic but also from a pharmacological point of view.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoclay‐Reinforced Trifunctional “Bioresin‐Modified” Epoxy Blends Enhanced with Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Kumar Sudheer , Samal Sushanta K. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEpoxy/TEIA clay nanocomoposite was synthesized from renewable resource based itaconic acid trifunctional bioresin (TEIA) reinforced with Cloisite 93 A nanoclay (C93 A), which was further cured with an anhydride curing agent and 2‐methylimidazole as a catalyst. From the mechanical strength it was observed the tensile strength of virgin epoxy 42.94 MPa enhanced to 70.26 MPa with the incorporation of 2.5 wt% C93 A. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermal analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that epoxy/30%TEIA with 2.5 wt% organoclay content revealed improvement of the thermal stability and storage modulus. Epoxy/30%TEIA/2.5%C93 A showed raised surface hydrophilicity and increased the wetting energy with increasing clay content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studied corroborated that exfoliated formation within the organoclays in the nanocomposites.
Facile Fabrication of Metal Ions‐Incorporated Chitosan/β‐Cyclodextrin Composites for Effective Removal of Oil from Oily Wastewater
Authors: Elanchezhiyan Sellamuthu Selva Dasarathan , Meenakshi Sankaran 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, metal ions incorporated cyclodextrin functionalized chitosan were synthesized by a simple one‐pot method which was employed to adsorb the oil droplets from oily wastewater. Adsorption behavior of oil molecules were investigated with binary biopolymer acting as a host‐guest interaction. The synthesized composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and heat of combustion. The oil adsorption capacity was studied as a function of various parameters such as contact time, pH of the medium, dose of the adsorbent, initial oil concentration, and temperature. pH plays a prominent role in oil adsorption process, as demulsification takes place in acidic medium. The prepared hybrid composites were successfully utilized to remove the oil molecules from oily wastewater. The adsorption data which followed the Langmuir isotherm model and thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (▵G°), standard enthalpy (▵H°) and standard entropy (▵S°) indicated that the adsorption of oil molecules onto the prepared hybrid composites were feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature at 30 to 50 °C. Thus, the experimental results presented herein indicate that the prepared hybrid composites can be used as the potential adsorbent for the recovery of oil from oily wastewater.
A Stable Cross‐Linked Binder Network for SnO2 Anode with Enhanced Sodium‐Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Wei Yanjie , Wang Zhijie , Ye Heng , Mou Jian , Lei Danni , Liu Yong , Lv Wei , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu , He Yan‐Bing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStable binder network of anode is essential for the enhanced cycling performance of lithium ion battery electrode especially for SnO2 anode, which has a big volume expansion/shrink during cycling. Here, we designed a cross‐linked polymer adhesive networks for SnO2 anode of sodium‐ion battery by utilizing esterification reaction of PAA (Polyacrylic acid) and SS (soluble starch). The cross‐linked adhesive networks can effectively enhance the contact between conductive agent and SnO2 particles, meanwhile serve as a buffer matrix of the expansion of SnO2 during cycling and a protecting layer to reduce the contact of SnO2 anode and electrolyte. As a result, a stable specific capacity of 370 mA h g−1 of the PAA‐SS@SnO2 anode was obtained at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 150 cycles, while the specific capacity of PVDF@SnO2 anode is only 200 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles. This cross‐linked adhesive networks present an effective and universal approach for application of pure SnO2 as high performance anode of sodium ion batteries.
Characterization of Membrane Patch‐Ion Channel Probes for Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Shi Wenqing , Zeng Yuhan , Zhu Cheng , Xiao Yucheng , Cummins Theodore R. , Hou Jianghui , Baker Lane A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntegration of dual‐barrel membrane patch‐ion channel probes (MP‐ICPs) to scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) holds promise of providing a revolutionized approach of spatially resolved chemical sensing. A series of experiments are performed to further the understanding of the system and to answer some fundamental questions, in preparation for future developments of this approach. First, MP‐ICPs are constructed that contain different types of ion channels including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels to establish the generalizability of the methods. Next, the capability of the MP‐ICP platforms in single ion channel activity measurements is proved. In addition, the interplay between the SICM barrel and the ICP barrel is studied. For ion channels gated by uncharged ligands, channel activity at the ICP barrel is unaffected by the SICM barrel potential; whereas for ion channels that are gated by charged ligands, enhanced channel activity can be obtained by biasing the SICM barrel at potentials with opposite polarity to the charge of the ligand molecules. Finally, a proof‐of‐principle experiment is performed and site‐specific molecular/ionic flux sensing is demonstrated at single‐ion‐channel level, which show that the MP‐ICP platform can be used to quantify local molecular/ionic concentrations.
Alpha-Klotho Enrichment in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Secretome Contributes to Antioxidative Protection in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Gazdhar Amiq , Ravikumar Priya , Pastor Johanne , Heller Manfred , Ye Jianfeng , Zhang Jianning , Moe Orson W. , Geiser Thomas , Hsia Connie C. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been reported to alleviate organ injury, although the mechanisms of action remain unclear and administration of intact cells faces many limitations. We hypothesized that cell-free conditioned media (CM) containing the secretome of iPSCs possess antioxidative constituents that can alleviate pulmonary oxidant stress damage. We derived iPSCs from human dermal fibroblasts and harvested the CM. Addition of iPSC CM to cultured human alveolar type-1 epithelial cells mitigated hyperoxia-induced depletion of endogenous total antioxidant capacity while tracheal instillation of iPSC CM into adult rat lungs enhanced hyperoxia-induced increase in TAC. In both the in vitro and in vivo models, iPSC CM ameliorated oxidative damage to DNA, lipid, and protein, and activated the nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) network of endogenous antioxidant proteins. Compared with control fibroblast-conditioned or cell-free media, iPSC CM is highly enriched with αKlotho at a concentration up to more than 10-fold of that in normal serum. αKlotho is an essential antioxidative cell maintenance and protective factor and an activator of the Nrf2 network. Immunodepletion of αKlotho reduced iPSC CM-mediated cytoprotection by ∼50%. Thus, the abundant αKlotho content significantly contributes to iPSC-mediated antioxidation and cytoprotection. Results uncover a major mechanism of iPSC action, suggest a fundamental role of αKlotho in iPSC maintenance, and support the translational potential of airway delivery of cell-free iPSC secretome for protection against lung injury. The targeted cell-free secretome-based approach may also be applicable to the amelioration of injury in other organs.
Using Genetic and Phenotypic Comparisons to Evaluate Apparent Segregation among Kokanee Spawning Groups
Authors: Whitlock Steven L. , Campbell Matthew R. , Quist Michael C. , Dux Andrew M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGenetic and phenotypic traits of spatially and temporally segregated kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka spawning groups in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, were compared to test for evidence of divergence on the basis of ecotype (stream spawners versus shoreline spawners) and spawn timing and to describe morphological, life history, and reproductive variation within and among groups. Early and late spawning runs were found to be reproductively isolated; however, there was no clear evidence of genetic differentiation between ecotypes. Spawning groups within the same ecotype differed in length, age distribution, mean length at age, fecundity, and egg size. Variation in reproductive attributes was due primarily to differences in length distributions. Larger‐bodied shore‐spawning kokanee were located in areas where egg survival is known to be enhanced by downwelling, suggesting that the distribution of shore‐spawning kokanee may be partly structured by competition for spawning habitats with groundwater influence. This study contributes to other research indicating that introduced kokanee populations are unlikely to undergo adaptive divergence if they have a history of population fluctuations and are supplemented regularly.
Prenatal diagnostic testing and atypical chromosome abnormalities following combined first‐trimester screening: implications for contingent models of non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Lindquist A. , Poulton A. , Halliday J. , Hui L. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate by means of a population‐based analysis of a cohort of women who underwent combined first‐trimester screening (CFTS), changes in uptake of invasive prenatal diagnosis according to risk of trisomy 21 (T21) on CFTS, and prevalence and methods for ascertainment of atypical chromosome abnormalities.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using state‐wide prenatal datasets from Victoria, Australia. A three‐step approach was taken to analyze the data: (1) linkage of records between serum screening and diagnostic results; (2) comparison of rates of diagnostic testing according to CFTS T21 risk result category in a 2014–2015 cohort with those of a historical 2002–2004 cohort; (3) detailed analysis of atypical abnormalities in the 2014–2015 group according to CFTS T21 risk result, individual serum analyte level and other indications for invasive diagnostic testing.ResultsIn 2014–2015, there were 100 418 CFTS results issued for 146 776 births (68.4%). The overall prevalence of atypical chromosome abnormalities in the entire CFTS cohort was 0.10% and was highest in those with CFTS T21 risk > 1 in 10 (4.6%), or serum analyte levels < 0.2 multiples of the median (MoM) (6.9% for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and 5.2% for beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG)). Almost half (49.2%) of women with PAPP‐A < 0.2 MoM had a risk for T21 on CFTS of less than 1 in 100. The majority (55%) of atypical abnormalities occurred in women with CFTS T21 risk below 1 in 300, and were most commonly detected on ultrasound examination (47.1%).ConclusionConcerns regarding missed diagnoses of atypical chromosome abnormalities when non‐invasive prenatal testing is offered after a result of high risk on CFTS can be mitigated if invasive diagnostic testing is offered to those women with CFTS T21 risk of > 1 in 100, serum PAPP‐A or β‐hCG < 0.2 MoM, or ultrasound‐detected abnormality. This has implications for contingent models of screening. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.