bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Candidate Genes for Human Atherosclerotic Disease Identified Through Annotation Based on Chromatin Organization
Authors: Haitjema Saskia , Meddens Claartje A. , van der Laan Sander W. , Kofink Daniel , Harakalova Magdalena , Tragante Vinicius , Foroughi Asl Hassan , van Setten Jessica , Brandt Maarten M. , Bis Joshua C. , O’Donnell Christopher , Cheng Caroline , Hoefer Imo E. , Waltenberger Johannes , Biessen Erik , Jukema J. Wouter , Doevendans Pieter A.F.M. , Nieuwenhuis Edward E.S. , Erdmann Jeanette , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Pasterkamp Gerard , Asselbergs Folkert W. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Mokry Michal 
Published: March 2017

Background—
As genome-wide association efforts, such as CARDIoGRAM and METASTROKE, are ongoing to reveal susceptibility loci for their underlying disease—atherosclerotic disease—identification of candidate genes explaining the associations of these loci has proven the main challenge. Many disease susceptibility loci colocalize with DNA regulatory elements, which influence gene expression through chromatin interactions. Therefore, the target genes of these regulatory elements can be considered candidate genes. Applying these biological principles, we used an alternative approach to annotate susceptibility loci and identify candidate genes for human atherosclerotic disease based on circular chromosome conformation capture followed by sequencing.

Methods and Results—
In human monocytes and coronary endothelial cells, we generated 63 chromatin interaction data sets for 37 active DNA regulatory elements that colocalize with known susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) and large artery stroke (METASTROKE). By circular chromosome conformation capture followed by sequencing, we identified a physical 3-dimensional interaction with 326 candidate genes expressed in at least 1 of these cell types, of which 294 have not been reported before. We highlight 16 genes based on expression quantitative trait loci.

Conclusions—
Our findings provide additional candidate-gene annotation for 37 disease susceptibility loci for human atherosclerotic disease that are of potential interest to better understand the complex pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
Association of Cardiovascular Health With Subclinical Disease and Incident Events: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Polonsky Tamar S. , Ning Hongyan , Daviglus Martha L. , Liu Kiang , Burke Gregory L. , Cushman Mary , Eng John , Folsom Aaron R. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Nettleton Jennifer A. , Post Wendy S. , Sacco Ralph L. , Szklo Moyses , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. 
Published: March 2017

Background

Few adults have ideal cardiovascular health (
CVH
). We studied associations of an overall
CVH
score with subclinical cardiovascular disease and events. We assessed whether associations varied by race/ethnicity.

Methods and Results

Among 5961 participants in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, components of
CVH
were measured at baseline, 2000‐2002: systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, smoking, physical activity, diet, and body mass index. Levels were classified as ideal (2 points), intermediate (1 point), and poor (0 points) according to American Heart Association definitions. Points were summed to produce a
CVH
score (0‐7 low, 8‐11 moderate, 12‐14 high). Coronary artery calcium, carotid intima‐media thickness, and left ventricular mass were measured at baseline. Cardiovascular disease was defined as myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, stroke, heart failure, or peripheral artery disease. Follow‐up was 10.3 years. Regression models were used to examine associations of the
CVH
score with subclinical disease and events, adjusting for age, sex, and education. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity. Adults with high or moderate
CVH
scores had significantly lower odds of coronary artery calcium and lower carotid intima‐media thickness and left ventricular mass than adults with low
CVH
scores. Adults with high or moderate
CVH
scores were 67% (95%
CI
41% to 82%) and 37% (95%
CI
22% to 49%) less likely, respectively, to experience a cardiovascular disease event than adults with low scores. There was no interaction with race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

There is a graded inverse association between
CVH
scores and measures of subclinical and overt cardiovascular disease that is similar across race/ethnic groups.
Association of Husband Smoking With Wife's Hypertension Status in Over 5 Million Chinese Females Aged 20 to 49 Years
Authors: Yang Ying , Liu Fangchao , Wang Long , Li Qian , Wang Xingyu , Chen Julia C. , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Zhang Man , He Yuan , Peng Zuoqi , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Jihong , Zhao Jun , Zhang Ya , Zhang Hongguang , Xin Xiaona , Wang Yan , Liu Dujia , Guo Tongjun , Dai Qiaoyun , Ma Xu 
Published: March 2017

Background
The effect of second‐hand smoking, especially husband smoking, on wife's hypertension has not been well studied. The current study was aimed to assess the association of husband smoking with wife's hypertension among females aged 20 to 49 years.

Methods and Results

This study included 5 027 731 females along with their husbands from the National Free Pre‐pregnancy Checkup Projects conducted across 31 provinces in China in 2014. Smoking/passive smoking status was collected by a standard questionnaire and blood pressure was measured by an electronic device after 10 minutes rest. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95%
CI
s for female hypertension were estimated according to smoking status of husband and wife, husbands' smoking amount, and cumulative exposure to husband smoking. Compared with neither‐smoker group, the multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio for female hypertension was 1.28 (1.27–1.30), 1.53 (1.30–1.79), and 1.50 (1.36–1.67) in husband‐only, wife‐only, and mixed group, respectively. Furthermore, a higher risk of having hypertension was associated with amount and cumulative exposure of husband smoking. For example, compared with neither‐smoker, the multivariate‐adjusted odds ratio was 1.22 (1.19–1.25), 1.24 (1.21–1.26), 1.32 (1.26–1.37), 1.37 (1.34–1.41), and 1.75 (1.64–1.87) for females whose husband smoked 1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, 16 to 20, and ≥21 cigarettes per day, respectively (
P
for trend
<0.001). Subgroup analyses identified similar results.

Conclusions
There were associations of husband smoking with female hypertension prevalence. A family‐based smoking restriction strategy may reduce smoking in males and improve hypertension control in females.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Are Associated With Improved Outcome but Do Not Prevent New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Batra Gorav , Lindhagen Lars , Andell Pontus , Erlinge David , James Stefan , Spaak Jonas , Oldgren Jonas 
Published: March 2017

Background

Treatment with renin‐angiotensin system (
RAS
) inhibitors might restrain the structural/electrical remodeling associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Limited evidence exists regarding the potential benefits of
RAS
inhibition post‐acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with AF. This study sought to assess the association between
RAS
inhibition and all‐cause mortality and new‐onset AF in patients with/without congestive heart failure (
CHF
) post‐AMI.

Methods and Results

Patients hospitalized for AMI between 2006 and 2012 were identified in Swedish registries. Patients were stratified in 4 subgroups; patients with
CHF
and AF (n=11 489); patients with
CHF
without AF (n=31 676); patients with AF without
CHF
(n=10 066); and patients without both
CHF
and AF (n=59 417). Patients exposed to
RAS
inhibition were compared to nontreated. Three‐year risk of all‐cause mortality and new‐onset AF was assessed using adjusted Cox regression analyses. At discharge, 83 291 (73.9%) patients received
RAS
inhibition.
RAS
inhibition was associated with lower 3‐year risk of all‐cause mortality in
CHF
patients with AF, adjusted hazard ratio (
HR
) with 95% CI 0.75 (0.70–0.81),
CHF
patients without AF,
HR
0.65 (0.60–0.69), AF patients without
CHF
,
HR
0.82 (0.75–0.90), and in patients without
CHF
and AF,
HR
0.76 (0.72–0.81), respectively.
RAS
inhibition was not associated with lower 3‐year risk of new‐onset AF in patients without AF but with/without
CHF
;
HR
0.96 (0.84–1.10) and 1.12 (1.02–1.22), respectively.

Conclusions

RAS
inhibition post‐AMI was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality. In patients with/without
CHF
,
RAS
inhibition was not associated with lower incidence of new‐onset AF.
Erasmus’ Apophthegmata in Henrician England
Authors: Juhász-Ormsby Ágnes 
Published: March 2017

The sudden surge in English translations of Erasmus’ Apophthegmata during the later years of Henry VIII’s reign can be partly attributed to the gradual introduction of the new standards set by the humanist educational agenda and partly to the profound political and religious changes brought about by the English Reformation that was codified in the Act of Supremacy in 1534. Richard Taverner’s The garden of wysdom and The second booke of the Garden of wysedome (1539) and Nicholas Udall’s Apophthegmes (1542) reveal a pronounced shift towards a more widely conceived education of the English public. While Taverner’s translation, with its overt political commentary, provided a morally instructive commonplace book, marked by a Protestant overtone and influenced by Luther’s and Melanchthon’s views, Udall’s extensive pedagogical notes were meant to disseminate new methods of instruction modelled on Erasmus’ De ratione studii. Albeit in notably different ways, Udall’s and Taverner’s promotion of classical culture through apophthegms reflected their humanist zeal to reshape existing moral and cultural ideals and to expand the codes of conduct of the reformed Christian commonwealth in England.
On the Climatological Use of Radar Data Mosaics: Possibilities and Challenges
Authors: Fabry Frédéric , Meunier Véronique , Treserras Bernat Puigdomènech , Cournoyer Alexandra , Nelson Brian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractContinental mosaics of radar data have now been generated for more than 20 years. They offer information on precipitation climatology that is simply not available or archived elsewhere: How often does it rain at any particular location? At what time? And with what intensity distribution? What are the geographical and temporal patterns of precipitation occurrence, formation, and decay? What is the climatology of severe weather? Answers to these questions have value on their own and invariably trigger more questions about the processes causing these patterns but also suggest some answers. They also have considerable pedagogical value in illustrating in the classroom the impacts of different processes—such as sea–land breezes, topography, and seasons—on precipitation.In this work, U.S. mosaics of radar data from 1996 to 2015 are used to demonstrate the possibilities offered by such a dataset. Three topics are discussed: (i) climatologies and daily cycles of precipitation and convection, and what they can teach us about precipitation mechanisms; (ii) the spatial and temporal distribution of the appearance and occurrence of convection, and what it reveals about the importance of surface terrain properties for these events; and (iii) the power and challenges of looking for a small signal in such a large dataset using the influence of weekly activity cycles and cities on precipitation as an illustration.
Impacts of Instrument Limitations on Estimated Raindrop Size Distribution, Radar Parameters, and Model Microphysics during Mei-Yu Season in East China
Authors: Wen Long , Zhao Kun , Zhang Guifu , Liu Su , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInstrumentation limitations on measured raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and their derived relations and physical parameters are studied through a comparison of the DSD measurements during mei-yu season in east China by four collocated instruments, that is, a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD), a vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar (MRR), and two laser-optical OTT Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometers (first generation: OTT-1; second generation: OTT-2). Among the four instruments, the 2DVD provides the most accurate DSD and drop velocity measurements, so its measured rainfall amount has the best agreement with the reference rain gauge. Other instruments tend to miss more small drops (D < 1 mm), leading to inaccurate DSDs and a lower rainfall amount. The low rainfall estimation becomes significant during heavy rainfall. The impacts of instrument limitations on the microphysical processes (e.g., evaporation and accretion rates) and convective storm morphology are evaluated. This is important especially for mei-yu precipitation, which is dominated by a high concentration of small drops. Hence, the instrument limitations need to be taken into account in both QPE and microphysics parameterization.
Upper-Tropospheric Jet Axis Detection and Application to the Boreal Winter 2013/14
Authors: Spensberger Clemens , Spengler Thomas , Li Camille 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This study presents a detection scheme for upper-tropospheric jets. The scheme identifies locations on the dynamical tropopause where the wind shear perpendicular to the wind direction vanishes, and subsequently uses a masking criterion to filter out zero-shear locations that do not belong to jets. The scheme reliably detects jet axes in ERA-Interim data with instantaneous, weekly, or monthly averaged wind fields. The dynamical implications of the detected jet axes and their relation to objectively detected wave breaking and blocking are demonstrated for the synoptic evolution during the boreal winter 2013/14. This winter featured a remarkable episode with a stationary ridge–trough couplet over the American continent leading to anomalously cold conditions from central Canada to the eastern United States. The mean synoptic situation during this episode resembles the climatological winter mean, but featured a more spatially focused jet axis distribution in the northeastern Pacific. The tight distribution suggests that a sequence of similar weather events lead to the mean synoptic conditions. Although the distribution of jet axes and wave breaking events together with the persistence of the anomalous ridge over the northeastern Pacific indicate a blocked situation, the block is not detected with common conventional methods due to the lack of a persistent gradient reversal of potential temperature on the dynamical tropopause. In addition, the importance of subseasonal variations in this winter is demonstrated by pointing out a period in which the jet configuration deviated considerably from the seasonal mean.
Decreased serum glicentin concentration in patients with severe and morbid obesity
Authors: Raffort Juliette , Panaïa-Ferrari Patricia , Lareyre Fabien , Blois Mathilde , Bayer Pascale , Staccini Pascal , Fénichel Patrick , Chinetti Giulia 
Published: March 2017

Background Proglucagon-derived hormones represent a family of peptides mainly produced in the pancreas and the intestine. While several proglucagon-derived peptides play key roles in metabolic diseases, little is known about glicentin. The aim of the present study was to investigate serum glicentin concentrations in individuals with adult obesity and to study its potential link with various metabolic parameters. Methods Fifty-two individuals with normal body mass index (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 39 patients with severe or morbid obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) were prospectively included at the University Hospital of Nice between January 2014 and April 2016. Clinical data were recorded, and a fasting blood sample was collected to measure glicentin, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL-cholesterol. In addition, a homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) was also calculated. Results Patients with severe and morbid obesity had significantly higher plasma glucose, together with higher serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, HOMA2-IR, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and lower serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol compared with individuals with a normal body mass index. The obese patients displayed significantly lower fasting serum concentrations of glicentin compared with subjects with a normal body mass index (12 pmol/L vs. 24 pmol/L, P < 0.0001). In the total population, fasting glicentin concentrations did not correlate with BMI, glycaemic parameters (glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR) or lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL-cholesterol). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting serum glicentin concentrations in healthy lean and obese adult subjects. We found that fasting serum glicentin concentrations are decreased in patients with severe or morbid obesity suggesting the potential interest of this peptide in obesity and metabolic-related disorders.
A Framework to Guide the Assessment of Human–Machine Systems
Authors: Stowers Kimberly , Oglesby James , Sonesh Shirley , Leyva Kevin , Iwig Chelsea , Salas Eduardo 
Published: March 2017

Objective: We have developed a framework for guiding measurement in human–machine systems. Background: The assessment of safety and performance in human–machine systems often relies on direct measurement, such as tracking reaction time and accidents. However, safety and performance emerge from the combination of several variables. The assessment of precursors to safety and performance are thus an important part of predicting and improving outcomes in human–machine systems. Method: As part of an in-depth literature analysis involving peer-reviewed, empirical articles, we located and classified variables important to human–machine systems, giving a snapshot of the state of science on human–machine system safety and performance. Using this information, we created a framework of safety and performance in human–machine systems. Results: This framework details several inputs and processes that collectively influence safety and performance. Inputs are divided according to human, machine, and environmental inputs. Processes are divided into attitudes, behaviors, and cognitive variables. Each class of inputs influences the processes and, subsequently, outcomes that emerge in human–machine systems. Conclusion: This framework offers a useful starting point for understanding the current state of the science and measuring many of the complex variables relating to safety and performance in human-machine systems. Application: This framework can be applied to the design, development, and implementation of automated machines in spaceflight, military, and health care settings. We present a hypothetical example in our write-up of how it can be used to aid in project success.
Operating characteristics of the variable frequency speed-regulating system for a single pump in a closed system
Authors: Song Yiping , Zhao Jianing 
Published: March 2017

This study experimentally investigated the operating characteristics of the variable frequency speed-regulating system of a water pump in a closed system. The test data for the variable frequency water pump under various conditions were obtained by changing the water pump frequency and the opening setting of a regulator valve in the system. This study revealed that the total power ratio of the water pump system before and after the frequency adjustment did not exhibit cubic correlations with its rotational speed ratio as defined by the affinity law, especially in areas other than the high-efficiency area of pump operation. The equations that express the correlations between the frequency ratio and the total power ratio under the full range of operating conditions were obtained in this study by using the data fitting method. The test confirmed that the fitted characteristic equations had a higher precision and a wider scope of applicability than the existing equations when the water pump, motor, and variable frequency drive were considered as a whole. Practical application: The variable frequency speed-regulating system of a water pump was used in cooling, cooled and heating systems. However, the water pump power was calculated by the standard cube law, and its energy-saving potential was exaggerated. This study revealed a new energy model of a water pump system that can more accurately calculate the total power of the variable frequency water pump in practical engineering.
Monthly utilisation factors for building energy calculations
Authors: Hitchin Roger 
Published: March 2017

Monthly utilisation factors are the basis of many procedures for calculation of monthly heating or cooling requirements for buildings, notably in the procedure described in standard ISO 13790:2008 ‘Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling’, which is widely used for the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe. The procedures used to determine the values of the factors are invariably empirical rather than being derived from first principles, with the principal parameter being the ratio between monthly mean heat gains and monthly mean heat losses for the space in question. This article shows that this ratio is inherently insufficient to define the values and illustrates how months with similar values of the ratio can have different utilisation factors. It also shows that, if daily heating requirement is proportional to outdoor temperature, the key building parameter needed to determine the utilisation factor is the familiar base temperature. The base temperature can be expressed in terms of the monthly gain: loss ratio and the mean indoor and external temperatures: the day-to-day frequency distributions of outdoor temperature is also important. Finally, the article demonstrates that, for many situations, the ISO 13790 procedure and a linear model with residuals produce similar estimates of monthly heating requirement. However, this is not true towards the upper end of its observed range. In this situation, the linear model produces lower values for utilisation factors and correspondingly higher heating (and cooling) requirements. This effect is most marked when the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures are close or the space is well-insulated (causing a given heat gain to represent a higher potential temperature difference). Practical application: Monthly utilisation factors are the basis of many procedures for the calculation of monthly heating or cooling requirements for buildings, notably in the procedure described in standard ISO 13790:2008 ‘Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling’, which is widely used for the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe. This article shows that an alternative approach based on the concept of energy signatures, although producing very similar results in many situations, is a more robust and extendable basis for monthly heating and cooling energy demand calculations.