bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzoate‐Induced High‐Nuclearity Silver Thiolate Clusters
Authors: Su Yan‐Min , Liu Wei , Wang Zhi , Wang Shu‐Ao , Li Yan‐An , Yu Fei , Zhao Quan‐Qin , Wang Xing‐Po , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCompared with the well‐known anion‐templated effects in shaping silver thiolate clusters, the influence from the organic ligands in the outer shell is still poorly understood. Herein, three new benzoate‐functionalized high‐nuclearity silver(I) thiolate clusters are isolated and characterized for the first time in the presence of diverse anion templates such as S2−, α‐[Mo5O18]6−, and MoO42−. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that the nuclearities of the three silver clusters (SD/Ag28, SD/Ag29, SD/Ag30) vary from 32 to 38 to 78 with co‐capped tBuS− and benzoate ligands on the surface. SD/Ag28 is a turtle‐like cluster comprising a Ag29 shell caging a Ag3S3 trigon in the center, whereas SD/Ag29 is a prolate Ag38 sphere templated by the α‐[Mo5O18]6− anion. Upon changing from benzoate to methoxyl‐substituted benzoate, SD/Ag30 is isolated as a very complicated core–shell spherical cluster composed of a Ag57 shell and a vase‐like Ag21S13 core. Four MoO42− anions are arranged in a supertetrahedron and located in the interstice between the core and shell. Introduction of the bulky benzoate changes elaborately the nuclearity and arrangements of silver polygons on the shell of silver clusters, which is exemplified by comparing SD/Ag28 and a known similar silver thiolate cluster. The three new clusters emit luminescence in the near‐infrared (NIR) region and show different thermochromic luminescence properties. This work presents a flexible approach to synthetic studies of high‐nuclearity silver clusters decorated by different benzoates, and structural modulations are also achieved.
Verifying compositional equivalence between web service composition graphs
Authors: Rai Gopal N. , Gangadharan G. R. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryGiven a composition request, the formation of possible Web Service Composition Graphs (WSCGs) depends on the set of available services. Since the availability of Web services is dynamic, at any time, a new service can join or an existing service can leave the set of available services. A change in the set may bring the structural change in a previously formed WSCG. However, it is not always the case that a structural change in the WSCG brings the semantic change. In this paper, our aim is to verify the compositional equivalence between two WSCGs formed before and after the structural change caused by the change in the set of available services. Our proposed solution is based on an algebraic formalism, and by using the formalism, directed acyclic WSCGs are formed for a given composition request. Then, by using WSCGs, we propose the concept of composition expression and canonical composition expression. On the basis of the proposed concept of canonical composition expression, we verify compositional equivalence between two WSCGs. The advantage of our approach is that it reduces the equivalence verification to the subsumption checking between two algebraic expressions instead of directly using the WSCGs and solving a subgraph matching problem. The proposed mechanism is implemented and evaluated for the exhaustive possibilities in a travel agency case study with respect to a given composition request.
Effect of pH on Aβ42 Monomer and Fibril‐like Oligomers—Decoding in Silico of the Roles of pK Values of Charged Residues
Authors: Zhao Wei , Ai Hongqi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmyloid beta‐peptide (Aβ) is the key to developing Alzheimer's disease. Experiments have confirmed that different acidity influences directly not only the structural morphology and population of Aβ oligomers, but also the toxicity. The atomic‐level association between the pH, charged residues, and Aβ properties remains obscure. Herein, conformational changes of Aβ42 monomer, fibril‐like trimer, and pentamer in the medium pH range of 4.0–7.5 are studied. The results reveal that, as the pH changes from 7.5 to the isoelectric pH, His6, His13, and His14 are protonated in turn, successively approach the center of mass of folded Aβ monomer, trigger ionic interactions and changes of neighboring turns (Asp7‐Ser8, His14‐Lys16) and even a distant one (Leu34‐Met35), as well as concomitant changes of secondary structure, and promote the conformation transition from unfolded to folded. This observation discloses that protonation can convert these charged residues from originally hydrophilic to “hydrophobic‐like”. For fibril‐like oligomers, the pH susceptibility essentially stems from the pK values of charged residues in the context of the Aβ fibril, and in turn one can predict the dynamic behavior of these residues in the processes of dissociation or stabilization of a fibril by comparing the pK values of residues involved in salt bridges in the normal state with those in the current context. This idea is justified by two fibril models and appears to be applicable to other peptides and their fibril systems.
Positive‐real property of passive fractional circuits in W‐domain
Authors: Liang Guishu , Liu Chang 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFractional circuits have attracted extensive attention of scholars and researchers for their superior performance and potential applications. Fractional circuits constitute a new challenge for the analysis and synthesis methods of traditional circuits theory. Passivity is the fundamental property of traditional circuits (integer order electric circuits). As is known to all, passivity is equivalent to positive realness in traditional linear circuits. However, this equivalence is broken down by introducing fractional elements into electrical networks in s‐domain. To address this issue, on the basis of s‐W transformation, we study the passive criteria of fractional circuits with rational order elements in this paper. Definitions of positive‐real (matrix) function in W‐domain are given, and the equivalence conditions of positive realness are derived. In addition, a conclusion is proposed in which the immittance (matrix) function of passive fractional circuits with rational order elements is positive real in W‐domain. The applications of passive criteria in circuit synthesis are shown.
High‐sensitivity 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐color PNH WBC assays for both Canto II and Navios platforms
Authors: Sutherland D. Robert , Ortiz Fernando , Quest Graeme , Illingworth Andrea , Benko Miroslav , Nayyar Rakesh , Marinov Iuri 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundParoxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by an inability to make Glyco‐Phosphatidyl‐Inositol (GPI)‐linked cell surface structures. Fluorescent proaerolysin (FLAER‐Alexa488) is increasingly used to detect GPI‐deficient WBCs by flow cytometry. However, FLAER is not available in all countries and is expensive to obtain in others. An earlier study to compare FLAER‐based and non‐FLAER assays confirmed very good agreement between the two tubes suggesting a cost effective simultaneous evaluation of PNH neutrophils and monocytes is possible without FLAER.MethodsWe have used a single tube approach with a 7‐color assay comprising FLAER‐CD157‐CD15‐CD64‐CD24‐CD14‐CD45. Conjugates were carefully selected and validated so that stained samples could be analyzed on either 10‐color Navios or 8‐color FACSCanto II platforms. The 6‐color (minus CD14) and 5‐color (minus CD24 and CD14) versions were also developed and compared with our predicate clinical lab 5‐color assay comprising FLAER‐CD157PE‐CD64ECD‐CD15PC5‐CD45PC7.Results/ConclusionsCD15‐gated PNH neutrophil clone size was quantified using either FLAER and CD157, FLAER and CD24, or CD157 and CD24. CD64‐gated PNH monocyte clone size was quantified using either FLAER and CD157, FLAER and CD14, or CD157 and CD14. Analysis of >40 PNH samples showed that the FLAER‐based plots derive virtually identical data to the non‐FLAER plot for neutrophils (R2 = 1) and monocytes (R2 = 0.9999) and that closely similar data can be acquired using both Canto II and Navios platforms with 7‐, 6‐, and 5‐color versions of the assay. Assessment of non‐PNH samples confirmed extremely low background rate of PNH phenotypes (neutrophils and monocytes) with all three approaches. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Shifts in algal dominance in freshwater experimental ponds across differing levels of macrophytes and nutrients
Authors: Iacarella Josephine C. , Barrow Jennifer L. , Giani Alessandra , Beisner Beatrix E. , Gregory‐Eaves Irene 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExcess nutrient loading into ponds and shallow lakes can lead to undesirable algal growth and a shift to a turbid state. Previous work has suggested that such an ecosystem transition may be mediated by the biotic constituents of the habitat and food web; however, earlier experiments have been conducted at coarse temporal resolution and have typically used a single initial density of macrophytes, a key structural component of ponds and shallow lakes. To address these gaps, we tested the hypotheses that experimental ponds with lower macrophyte densities and more rapid increases in nutrient loading would shift to phytoplankton dominance, whereas higher macrophyte densities and slower, lower concentration nutrient inputs would maintain a clear state. Ponds containing plankton and juvenile fish were assigned to treatments with none, low, or high macrophyte densities, and weekly, high or biweekly (i.e., fortnightly), low nutrient inputs. Using additive mixed‐effects models, we demonstrated that temporal trajectories of phytoplankton biomass were explained by macrophyte density in interaction with biomass of important zooplankton grazers (Bosminidae, Sididae, and Daphniidae), as well as with pH and time. Phytoplankton biomass followed a convex unimodal trajectory in ponds with no or low macrophytes (muted in the latter), and minimal increases in high macrophyte treatments. Declines in phytoplankton attributable to top‐down control likely freed resources for periphyton and metaphyton, which subsequently became abundant in ponds without and with macrophytes, respectively. Our results demonstrate that high densities of macrophytes, combined with herbivory and competition for light between phytoplankton and metaphyton, enhance resilience of the clear water state to the undesirable effects associated with eutrophication.
Estimating taxon‐specific population dynamics in diverse microbial communities
Authors: Koch Benjamin J. , McHugh Theresa A. , Hayer Michaela , Schwartz Egbert , Blazewicz Steven J. , Dijkstra Paul , van Gestel Natasja , Marks Jane C. , Mau Rebecca L. , Morrissey Ember M. , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer , Hungate Bruce A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how population‐level dynamics contribute to ecosystem‐level processes is a primary focus of ecological research and has led to important breakthroughs in the ecology of macroscopic organisms. However, the inability to measure population‐specific rates, such as growth, for microbial taxa within natural assemblages has limited ecologists’ understanding of how microbial populations interact to regulate ecosystem processes. Here, we use isotope incorporation within DNA molecules to model taxon‐specific population growth in the presence of 18O‐labeled water. By applying this model to phylogenetic marker sequencing data collected from stable‐isotope probing studies, we estimate rates of growth, mortality, and turnover for individual microbial populations within soil assemblages. When summed across the entire bacterial community, our taxon‐specific estimates are within the range of other whole‐assemblage measurements of bacterial turnover. Because it can be applied to environmental samples, the approach we present is broadly applicable to measuring population growth, mortality, and associated biogeochemical process rates of microbial taxa for a wide range of ecosystems and can help reveal how individual microbial populations drive biogeochemical fluxes.
Time‐lagged effects of weather on plant demography: drought and Astragalus scaphoides
Authors: Tenhumberg Brigitte , Crone Elizabeth E. , Ramula Satu , Tyre Andrew J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTemperature and precipitation determine the conditions where plant species can occur. Despite their significance, to date, surprisingly few demographic field studies have considered the effects of abiotic drivers. This is problematic because anticipating the effect of global climate change on plant population viability requires understanding how weather variables affect population dynamics. One possible reason for omitting the effect of weather variables in demographic studies is the difficulty in detecting tight associations between vital rates and environmental drivers. In this paper, we applied Functional Linear Models (FLMs) to long‐term demographic data of the perennial wildflower, Astragalus scaphoides, and explored sensitivity of the results to reduced amounts of data. We compared models of the effect of average temperature, total precipitation, or an integrated measure of drought intensity (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI), on plant vital rates. We found that transitions to flowering and recruitment in year t were highest if winter/spring of year t was wet (positive effect of SPEI). Counterintuitively, if the preceding spring of year t − 1 was wet, flowering probabilities were decreased (negative effect of SPEI). Survival of vegetative plants from t − 1 to t was also negatively affected by wet weather in the spring of year t − 1 and, for large plants, even wet weather in the spring of t − 2 had a negative effect. We assessed the integrated effect of all vital rates on life history performance by fitting FLMs to the asymptotic growth rate, log(). Log() was highest if dry conditions in year t − 1 were followed by wet conditions in the year t. Overall, the positive effects of wet years exceeded their negative effects, suggesting that increasing frequency of drought conditions would reduce population viability of A. scaphoides. The drought signal weakened when reducing the number of monitoring years. Substituting space for time did not recover the weather signal, probably because the weather variables varied little between sites. We detected the SPEI signal when the analysis included data from two sites monitored over 20 yr (2 × 20 observations), but not when analyzing data from four sites monitored over 10 yr (4 × 10 observations).
Developing Leg‐Motion Measurement System Using Acceleration Sensors
Authors: ITOH TAKAKI , MORIOKA IKUHARU 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to develop a new system for measuring leg motions using a portable three‐dimensional accelerometer applied to five positions of a lumbar vertebra, and left and right lower limbs. The measuring system was composed of acceleration sensors, harnesses of which resin material for a subject was removed, a portable data logger with a Bluetooth module mounted, a personal computer, a software for both monitoring and evaluating signals from the acceleration sensors, and a Web camera. The portable data logger had the ability to simultaneously sample the data of maximal 24 signals. The average acceleration measured during the walk was related to the score of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and that of Fall Risk Assessment Score Sheet. Thus, the new system for measuring leg motions using a portable three‐dimensional accelerometer seems to be a useful tool to estimate the fall risk during the walk.
Spatial modeling of pyroclastic cover deposit thickness (depth to bedrock) in peri‐volcanic areas of Campania (southern Italy)
Authors: Del Soldato Matteo , Pazzi Veronica , Segoni Samuele , De Vita Pantaleone , Tofani Veronica , Moretti Sandro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, the main focus is the application and improvement of four empirical models, which account for the pyroclastic cover deposit thickness (PCDT) spatial distribution with respect to the bedrock surrounding the Somma‐Vesuvius volcano (Campania, southern Italy). Three models, which are already known in the literature, link the depth to bedrock to the morphological features of a slope. An original model called SEPT (slope exponential pyroclastic thickness) is presented in this manuscript and combines the initial total thickness of ash‐fall pyroclastic cover with the slope gradient. All models were applied and validated using field measurements derived from this and preceding studies in the study area.The main finding is that the spatial distribution of the depth to bedrock in mountainous peri‐volcanic areas mainly depends on the initial thickness of air‐fallen material at a given position and slope angle. These findings allowed for the recognition of an ash‐fall pyroclastic depositional environment that is characterized by different processes from those existing in other geomorphological frameworks and in which the soil thickness along the slopes is controlled by the weathering of bedrock and the formation of soil in situ. Finally, in this research, a reliable approach is proposed that is also applicable to other peri‐volcanic areas of the world to assess the spatial distribution of the depth to bedrock, which is a fundamentally important parameter in distributed geomorphologic and hydrologic modeling. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Landslides control the spatial and temporal variation of channel width in southern Taiwan: Implications for landscape evolution and cascading hazards in steep, tectonically active landscapes
Authors: Yanites Brian J. , Mitchell Nate A. , Bregy Joshua C. , Carlson Grace A. , Cataldo Kirstyn , Holahan Margaret , Johnston Graham H. , Nelson Amelia , Valenza Jeffery , Wanker Matthew 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntense precipitation or seismic events can generate clustered mass movement processes across a landscape. These rare events have significant impacts on the landscape, however, the rarity of such events leads to uncertainty in how they impact the entire geomorphic system over a range of timescales. Taiwan is steep, tectonically active, and prone to landslide and debris flows, especially when exposed to heavy rainfall events. Typhoon Morakot made landfall in Taiwan in August of 2009, causing widespread landslides in southern Taiwan. The south to north trend in valley relief in southern Taiwan leads to spatial variability in landslide susceptibility providing an opportunity to infer the long‐term impact of such landslide events on channel morphology. We use pre‐ and post‐typhoon imagery to quantify the propagating impact of this event on channel width as the debris is routed through the landscape. The results show the importance of cascading hazards from landslides on landscape evolution based on patterns of channel width (both pre‐ and post‐typhoon) and hillslope gradients in 20 basins along strike in southern Taiwan. Prior to Typhoon Morakot, the river channels in the central part of the study area were about 3–10 times wider than the channels in the south. Following the typhoon, aggradation and widening was also a maximum in these central to northern basins where hillslope gradients and channel steepness is high, accentuating the pre‐typhoon pattern. The results further show that the narrowest channels are located where channel steepness is the lowest, an observation inconsistent with a detachment‐limited model for river evolution. We infer this pattern is indicative of a strong role of sediment supply, and associated landslide events, on long‐term channel evolution. These findings have implications across a range of spatial and temporal scales including understanding the cascade of hazards in steep landscapes and geomorphic interpretation of channel morphology. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinicopathologic implications of TNFAIP3/A20 deletions in extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ahn Hyein , Yang Jeong Mi , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Paik Jin Ho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe A20/Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced protein 3 (A20/TNFAIP3) is a negative regulator of NF‐κB signaling. We analyzed the clinicopathologic implications of A20 deletions in extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTL). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the A20 gene was performed using archived formalin‐fixed tissues in 49 cases of NKTL. Among the 49 NKTL patients (median age, 48 y [10‐79]), stage I‐II (75% [36/48]) and upper aerodigestive tract (UAT)‐origin (84% [41/49]) were predominant. All A20 deletions were monoallelic and found in cases with UAT‐origin, accounting for 18% (9/49) of all NKTLs and 22% (9/41) of UAT‐origin. In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were associated with stage, international prognostic index (IPI), B symptoms and number of extranodal sites, and OS with performance status and non‐UAT‐origin, but none with A20 deletion. In multivariate analysis, IPI predicted OS (P = .008 [HR = 23.4]) and PFS (P = .005 [HR = 34.0]). Risk was divided by B symptoms (P = .001 [OS]; P = .034 [PFS]) in low IPI subset (n = 36), and by A20 deletion (P = .029 [PFS]) in high IPI subset (n = 13). These results suggest a clinicopathologic implication of A20 in progression of NKTL.
MicroRNA‐31 is required for astrocyte specification
Authors: Meares Gordon P. , Rajbhandari Rajani , Gerigk Magda , Tien Chih‐Liang , Chang Chenbei , Fehling Samuel C. , Rowse Amber , Mulhern Kayln C. , Nair Sindhu , Gray G. Kenneth , Berbari Nicolas F. , Bredel Markus , Benveniste Etty N. , Nozell Susan E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPreviously, we determined microRNA‐31 (miR‐31) is a noncoding tumor suppressive gene frequently deleted in glioblastoma (GBM); miR‐31 suppresses tumor growth, in part, by limiting the activity of NF‐κB. Herein, we expand our previous studies by characterizing the role of miR‐31 during neural precursor cell (NPC) to astrocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that miR‐31 expression and activity is suppressed in NPCs by stem cell factors such as Lin28, c‐Myc, SOX2 and Oct4. However, during astrocytogenesis, miR‐31 is induced by STAT3 and SMAD1/5/8, which mediate astrocyte differentiation. We determined miR‐31 is required for terminal astrocyte differentiation, and that the loss of miR‐31 impairs this process and/or prevents astrocyte maturation. We demonstrate that miR‐31 promotes astrocyte development, in part, by reducing the levels of Lin28, a stem cell factor implicated in NPC renewal. These data suggest that miR‐31 deletions may disrupt astrocyte development and/or homeostasis.