bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Hypoxic Prostate Tumors Using the Novel Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug OCT1002 Inhibits Expression of Genes Associated with Malignant Progression
Authors: Nesbitt Heather , Byrne Niall M. , Williams S. Nicole , Ming Louise , Worthington Jenny , Errington Rachel J. , Patterson Laurence H. , Smith Paul J. , McKeown Stephanie R. , McKenna Declan J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To understand the role of hypoxia in prostate tumor progression and to evaluate the ability of the novel unidirectional hypoxia-activated prodrug OCT1002 to enhance the antitumor effect of bicalutamide.
Experimental Design: The effect of OCT1002 on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC3) was measured in normoxia and hypoxia in vitro. In vivo, tumor growth and lung metastases were measured in mice treated with bicalutamide, OCT1002, or a combination. Dorsal skin fold chambers were used to image tumor vasculature in vivo. Longitudinal gene expression changes in tumors were analyzed using PCR.
Results: Reduction of OCT1002 to its active form (OCT1001) decreased prostate cancer cell viability. In LNCaP-luc spheroids, OCT1002 caused increased apoptosis and decreased clonogenicity. In vivo, treatment with OCT1002 alone, or with bicalutamide, showed significantly greater tumor growth control and reduced lung metastases compared with controls. Reestablishment of the tumor microvasculature following bicalutamide-induced vascular collapse is inhibited by OCT1002. Significantly, the upregulation of RUNX2 and its targets caused by bicalutamide alone was blocked by OCT1002.
Conclusions: OCT1002 selectively targets hypoxic tumor cells and enhances the antitumor efficacy of bicalutamide. Furthermore, bicalutamide caused changes in gene expression, which indicated progression to a more malignant genotype; OCT1002 blocked these effects, emphasizing that more attention should be attached to understanding genetic changes that may occur during treatment. Early targeting of hypoxic cells with OCT1002 can provide a means of inhibiting prostate tumor growth and malignant progression. This is of importance for the design and refinement of existing androgen-deprivation regimens in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1797–808. ©2016 AACR.
Representing Kingship and Imagining Empire in Southern Dynasties Court Poetry
Authors: Tian Xiaofei 
Published: October 2016

Before the fifth century, the imperial identity of a ruler seems to have disabled him as a writer rather than encouraged him to be more prolific. Literary production gradually became centered in the court by the mid-fifth century, and a distinct feature of Southern Dynasties literature is the phenomenon that emperors and princes joined with their courtiers in the act of writing poetry on social occasions. This paper focuses on a number of poems by Emperor Wen of the Song (r. 424-453), Yan Yanzhi (384-456), Xie Tiao (464-499), Shen Yue (441-513), and Liu Xiaochuo (481-539) that represent kingship and empire and thereby become a means of disseminating and implementing imperial power. In particular, it examines the physical and discursive construction of the capital Jiankang. We see thereby that Southern Dynasties court poetry was instrumental in the performance of sovereignty and the envisioning of the new, southern empire. Avant le Ve siècle, le fait d’accéder au titre d’empereur semble avoir réduit ceux à qui cela arrivait à l’incapacité en tant qu’auteurs, plutôt que de les encourager à une prolixité accrue. Vers le milieu du Ve siècle en revanche, la production littéraire tendit à se concentrer sur la cour, et l’un des traits particuliers de la littérature des dynasties du Sud est de voir empereurs et princes se joindre à leurs courtisans pour composer des poèmes lors de réunions amicales. Le présent article se concentre sur un certain nombre de poèmes de Song Wendi (r. 424-453), Yan Yanzhi (384-456), Xie Tiao (464-499), Shen Yue (441-513) et Liu Xiaochuo (481-539) qui sont autant de représentations de la royauté et de l’empire, et de ce fait ont servi à propager et réaliser le pouvoir impérial. Est en particulier examinée la construction physique et discursive de la capitale, Jiankang. Tout cela montre le rôle-clé joué par la poésie de cour sous les dynasties du Sud dans l’exercice de la souveraineté et la vision d’un nouvel empire méridional.
Hybrid Encounters in Reconciliation Ecology
Authors: Kidwell Jeremy 
Published: October 2016

Over the past century, environmental scientists have developed a range of conservation approaches. Each of these, from management to restoration has embedded within it certain dualisms which create exclusive spaces or agencies for “human” and “nature.” I begin with a critique of these binaries as they occur in philosopher, Florence R. Kluckhohn’s influential model and in more recent narratives about the “Anthropocene,” and then turn to examine some of the novel features of “reconciliation ecology” as it has recently been deployed in the environmental sciences. Though this model is beginning to see wider use by scientists, it has not yet been explored within a religious framework. Taking up Miroslav Volf’s suggestion that reconciliation involves a “double strategy” I highlight ways that reconciliation can (1) provide a viable model for promoting an “embrace” of the other and (2) better integrate the past history of negative human biotic impacts.
Discrepancies between Civil Law and Common Law Federations
Authors: Fleiner Thomas 
Published: October 2016

Over the last decade, missions of the UN have assisted with constitutional reforms including issues of federalism. The hopes for peace with regard to federal structures have often failed. This paper elaborates possible reasons why these hopes were disappointed. It will show that one should understand the differences between Common Law and continental systems with regard to federalism. Some experts from Common Law countries fail to appreciate the substantial difference between federal Constitutions embedded in a Civil Law culture and those embedded in a Common Law culture. The reasons for the success or failure of past, present and future federal reforms may help to improve UN activities in this field.
States of the Common Law tradition are not collective units, which have to steer their society. The Jacobins of the French Revolution, considered the State as their instrument to transform feudal society into a society of equal individuals. The Civil Law tradition has its roots in the French Revolution and in the sovereignty of the national legislative assembly as the only legitimate lawmaker of the State. The unity of the law does not depend on decisions of courts but only on the legislature. Constitutions of Civil Law federations need to enable the specified governmental branches of the federation to impose sanctions against federal units that fail to comply with federal laws.
According to the perspective of the Civil Law one has to deal with two ‘States’ claiming sovereignty in a hierarchy, while from the perspective of the Common Law one has to deal with mere ‘governments.’ Constitutions of multicultural federations embedded within the Civil Law culture will have to empower not just the federation but also the federal units to develop the different cultural identities. To foster different cultures is however, not a major function of the State of the Common Law tradition. Federalism of the Civil Law tradition is more complex than according to the Common Law tradition. Important differences between federations of a Common Law and Civil Law tradition lies in the lawmaking power of the courts. In Common Law, courts and legislature share the task of lawmaking; in Civil Law countries, the legislature regulates all issues of civil and criminal law. In a Civil Law country, legislatures, executives and courts cannot function if there is no valid local Constitution empowering those branches of the federal units. Thus, the federal Constitution of a civil law country has to establish the powers of the governmental branches of the federal units. Within federal system of the Civil Law, the federal units administer, implement and execute the laws of the federation. Constitutions of Civil Law federations need special provisions for the power of the federation to control and implement federal laws in the federal units. The civil law judiciary has no contempt of court against the administration and against authorities of federal units.
Solar Irradiance Nowcasting Case Studies near Sacramento
Authors: Lee Jared A. , Haupt Sue Ellen , Jiménez Pedro A. , Rogers Matthew A. , Miller Steven D. , McCandless Tyler C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Sun4Cast solar power forecasting system, designed to predict solar irradiance and power generation at solar farms, is composed of several component models operating on both the nowcasting (0–6 h) and day-ahead forecast horizons. The different nowcasting models include a statistical forecasting model (StatCast), two satellite-based forecasting models [the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Nowcast (CIRACast) and the Multisensor Advection-Diffusion Nowcast (MADCast)], and a numerical weather prediction model (WRF-Solar). It is important to better understand and assess the strengths and weaknesses of these short-range models to facilitate further improvements. To that end, each of these models, including four WRF-Solar configurations, was evaluated for four case days in April 2014. For each model, the 15-min average predicted global horizontal irradiance (GHI) was compared with GHI observations from a network of seven pyranometers operated by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) in California. Each case day represents a canonical sky-cover regime for the SMUD region and thus represents different modeling challenges. The analysis found that each of the nowcasting models perform better or worse for particular lead times and weather situations. StatCast performs best in clear skies and for 0–1-h forecasts; CIRACast and MADCast perform reasonably well when cloud fields are not rapidly growing or dissipating; and WRF-Solar, when configured with a high-spatial-resolution aerosol climatology and a shallow cumulus parameterization, generally performs well in all situations. Further research is needed to develop an optimal dynamic blending technique that provides a single best forecast to energy utility operators.
Association between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and the risk of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Zhang Bei-Bei , Liang Yu , Yang Bo , Tan Ying-Jun 
Published: October 2016

Objective To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate studies investigating the association between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and Crohn’s disease. Methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for all studies focusing on the association of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease. Combined odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for four genetic models (allelic model: G allele versus A allele; additive model: GG versus AA; dominant model: GA + GG versus AA; recessive model: GG versus GA + AA) using either a random effects or fixed effects model. Results A total of 47 case–control studies involving 18 638 cases and 30 181 controls were included in the final meta-analysis. There was a significant association between ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease for all four genetic models. Significant associations were also shown in subgroup analyses when stratified by study design (population- or hospital-based). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the ATG16L1 genotype was significantly associated with the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
Occipital nerve stimulation improves the quality of life in medically-intractable chronic cluster headache: Results of an observational prospective study
Authors: Fontaine Denys , Blond Serge , Lucas Christian , Regis Jean , Donnet Anne , Derrey Stéphane , Guegan-Massardier Evelyne , Jarraya Bechir , Dang-Vu Bich , Bourdain Frederic , Valade Dominique , Roos Caroline , Creach Christèle , Chabardes Stéphan , Giraud Pierric , Voirin Jimmy , Bloch Jocelyne , Rocca Alda , Colnat-Coulbois Sophie , Caire Francois , Roger Coralie , Romettino Sylvie , Lanteri-Minet Michel 
Published: October 2016

Background Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has been proposed to treat chronic medically-intractable cluster headache (iCCH) in small series of cases without evaluation of its functional and emotional impacts. Methods We report the multidimensional outcome of a large observational study of iCCH patients, treated by ONS within a nationwide multidisciplinary network ( https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01842763), with a one-year follow-up. Prospective evaluation was performed before surgery, then three and 12 months after. Results One year after ONS, the attack frequency per week was decreased >30% in 64% and >50% in 59% of the 44 patients. Mean (Standard Deviation) weekly attack frequency decreased from 21.5 (16.3) to 10.7 (13.8) ( p = 0.0002). About 70% of the patients responded to ONS, 47.8% being excellent responders. Prophylactic treatments could be decreased in 40% of patients. Functional (HIT-6 and MIDAS scales) and emotional (HAD scale) impacts were significantly improved, as well as the health-related quality of life (EQ-5D). The mean (SD) EQ-5D visual analogic scale score increased from 35.2 (23.6) to 51.9 (25.7) ( p = 0.0037). Surgical minor complications were observed in 33% of the patients. Conclusion ONS significantly reduced the attack frequency per week, as well as the functional and emotional headache impacts in iCCH patients, and dramatically improved the health-related quality of life of responders.
In vivo detection of connectivity between cortical and white matter lesions in early MS
Authors: Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Weigand Stephen D , Mandrekar Jay , Shu Yunhong , Lucchinetti Claudia F , Pirko Istvan , Port John D 
Published: October 2016

Background: The relationship between cortical lesions (CLs) and white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. Pathological studies support a topographical association between CLs and underlying subcortical WMLs and suggest CLs may play a role in both disease initiation and progression. We hypothesized that cortical MS lesions are physically connected to white matter MS lesions via axonal connections. Objective: To assess the presence of CL-WML connectivity utilizing novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology. Methods: In all, 28 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 25 controls received 3 T MRI scans, including double inversion recovery (DIR) for CL detection coupled with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). CL and WML maps were created, and DTI was used to calculate inter-lesional connectivity and volumetric connectivity indices. Results: All patients showed inter-lesional WML connectivity (median 76% of WMLs connected to another WML; interquartile range (IQR), 58%–88%). On average, 52% of detected CLs per patient were connected to at least one WML (IQR, 42%–71%). Volumetric connectivity analysis showed significantly elevated cortical lesion ratios in MS patients (median, 2.3; IQR, 1.6–3.3) compared to null MS and healthy control datasets ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence of inter-lesional connectivity between CLs and WMLs, supporting our hypothesis of intrinsic CL-WML connectivity.
Why do transient ischemic attack patients have higher early stroke recurrence risk than those with ischemic stroke? Influence of patient behavior and other risk factors in the North Dublin Population Stroke Study
Authors: Akijian Layan , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Callaly Elizabeth , Hannon Niamh , Marnane Michael , Merwick Áine , Sheehan Órla , Hayden Derek , Horgan Gillian , Duggan Joseph , Kyne Lorraine , O’Rourke Killian , Murphy Sean , Dolan Eamon , Williams David , Kelly Peter J 
Published: October 2016

Background Few studies have directly compared stroke recurrence rates after stroke and transient ischemic attack, and the risk factors underlying early recurrence are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for recurrent stroke after first stroke and transient ischemic attack in a population-based study. Methods The North Dublin Population Stroke Study applied multiple overlapping hot and cold pursuit methods, to ascertain hospital- and community-treated stroke and transient ischemic attack patients over a 12-month period. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Stroke-physician confirmed transient ischemic attack/ischemic stroke; (2) first-stroke/transient ischemic attack event within the ascertainment period. Patients were prospectively followed at 72 h, 7, 28 and 90 days. Results A total of 584 patients met eligibility criteria (172 transient ischemic attack, 412 stroke). More transient ischemic attack than stroke patients presented to medical attention with recurrent stroke (8.24% vs. 0.24%, p = 0.0002). Recurrent stroke was more common after transient ischemic attack than index stroke at each time-interval (at 72 h, 4.07% vs. 1.23%, p = 0.03; at 90 days, 13.45% vs. 5.72%, p = 0.002). Stroke recurrence at 90 days was also associated with delay seeking medical attention after the index event (OR 3.2, p = 0.001), delayed anti-platelet (OR 2.8, p = 0.001) and statin (OR 2.4, p = 0.009) treatment, carotid stenosis/occlusion (OR 2.4, p = 0.008). On multivariable analysis, transient ischemic attack as index event (adjusted OR 2.3, p = 0.02), delayed statin treatment (OR 2.5, p = 0.02), and carotid stenosis/occlusion (OR 2.4, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of 90-day recurrent stroke. Conclusion A combination of pathophysiological and behavioral factors was associated with early stroke recurrence risk. Improved public awareness to reduce delays to self-referral for transient ischemic attack symptoms is needed.
Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Paediatric Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Retrospective Review
Authors: Thacker M , Hui JHP , Wong HK , Chatterjee A , Lee EH 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. A retrospective study was conducted to review the surgical results among 24 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis, who were treated with spinal instrumentation and fusion at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore between March 1993 and December 1998. Methods. We examined complete hospital records of patients who had scoliosis due to aetiologies such as spinal muscular atrophy, cerebral palsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and congenital myopathies. The mean age of patients was 10.6 years (range, 6–14 years) and the mean follow-up duration was 5.5 years. Results. 18 patients had posterior surgery alone, whereas 4 had an anterior release with posterior instrumentation, and 2 had an anterior fusion with instrumentation. The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 2 days and the mean duration of hospital stay was 11 days. The mean correction in scoliosis angle ranged from 75.6° to 25.7°. All patients could at least sit without support postoperatively. The one-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity were, in general, maintained throughout the follow-up. There were 2 major complications and 2 minor ones; these were pseudarthrosis with rod breakage requiring revision, deep infection necessitating hardware removal, superficial infection that responded to antibiotics, and urinary tract infection requiring 3 weeks of antibiotic treatment. There were no deaths or any neurological complications after instrumentation. Conclusion. Spinal stabilisation and fusion in children with neuromuscular scoliosis is a safe and effective treatment modality. The effect of surgery on long-term pulmonary function, however, remains controversial and needs to be addressed.
Changes in Proximal Femoral Bone Mineral Density around a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Hip Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Theis JC , Beadel G 
Published: October 2016

Objective. To present the results of a prospective analysis of proximal femoral bone mineral density changes around a hydroxyapatite-coated total hip joint replacement. Methods. 14 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip were enrolled in the study and treated with an uncemented ABG prosthesis. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning was performed in 9 patients preoperatively, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. An orthopaedic software program was used to determine the bone mineral density in the proximal femur, expressed as a percentage of the preoperative value. Results. The values of Gruen zones 1 to 6 averaged between 96.0% and 113.8% of the preoperative value by 24 months (overall average, 104.1%). In zone 7, however, there was a gradual decline in bone mineral density to an average of 72.1% of the preoperative value by 24 months. This represented ongoing loss of bone from the calcar; although this may not pose a problem to the prosthetic's short-term stability, it may render potential revision surgery more difficult. Conclusion. The initial outcome of uncemented total hip replacement appears to be promising. There was excellent maintenance of bone around the femoral component in all regions other than the calcar and lesser trochanter. Further scans are required to see if these trends continue in the long term.
Fractured Neck of Femur in the Mobile Independent Elderly Patient: Should We Treat with Total Hip Replacement?
Authors: Pai VS , Ardern D , Wilson N 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To report the outcome of displaced subcapital neck of femur fractures in the independent elderly (>70 years) managed with total hip arthroplasty through a modified Hardinge approach. Methods. Between 1998 and 2000, a surgeon performed a cemented hip replacement using a modified lateral approach in 35 consecutive patients in the Hawke's Bay Regional Hospital, Hastings. Medical charts and out-patient follow-up clinic records were reviewed with respect to outcomes, with particular reference to complications. Independent review of functional outcome was completed at one year postsurgery using a questionnaire. Results. At an average follow-up of 1.8 years (range, 1–3 years), no patient needed further surgery. One patient had died, giving a mortality rate at one year of 2.9%. All other medical complications were successfully treated. The overall prevalence of early medical complications was 43%. There were no dislocations, and 80% of patients had a good clinical outcome at their latest follow-up. Conclusion. The modified lateral approach of Hardinge minimises the incidence of postoperative dislocation. However, there was a high incidence of medical complications and aggressive treatment of such complications was necessary, both preoperatively and postoperatively. The number of pre-existing medical conditions was a significant factor influencing patient morbidity.