bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile surface hydrophobization of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) by silver deposition
Authors: Ji Xiaodi , Guo Minghui 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A facile and effective method for the surface hydrophobization of medium-density fiberboards (MDFs) via the silver (Ag) mirror reaction has been investigated. The pristine MDF surface was treated with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and subsequently with glucose to reduce Ag ions into Ag particles, which led to dual-size surface roughness. The roughness and morphology of the Ag-coated MDF surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental composition and the crystal structure of the surface were determined via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The wettability of the MDF surface was measured by contact angle (CA) measurements. The results indicated that pure Ag particles were successfully deposited onto the MDF surface without any impurities. The Ag surface coating was water repellent as indicated by a CA of 136°, which slightly decreased with time. The hydrophobicity was derived from the air trapped in the surface cavities and the dual-size roughness.
When, how and why? Regulated proteolysis by the essential FtsH protease in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bittner Lisa-Marie , Arends Jan , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Cellular proteomes are dynamic and adjusted to permanently changing conditions by ATP-fueled proteolytic machineries. Among the five AAA+ proteases in Escherichia coli FtsH is the only essential and membrane-anchored metalloprotease. FtsH is a homohexamer that uses its ATPase domain to unfold and translocate substrates that are subsequently degraded without the need of ATP in the proteolytic chamber of the protease domain. FtsH eliminates misfolded proteins in the context of general quality control and properly folded proteins for regulatory reasons. Recent trapping approaches have revealed a number of novel FtsH substrates. This review summarizes the substrate diversity of FtsH and presents details on the surprisingly diverse recognition principles of three well-characterized substrates: LpxC, the key enzyme of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis; RpoH, the alternative heat-shock sigma factor and YfgM, a bifunctional membrane protein implicated in periplasmic chaperone functions and cytoplasmic stress adaptation.
Glycogen storage disease type IX and growth hormone deficiency presenting as severe ketotic hypoglycemia
Authors: Hodax Juanita K. , Uysal Serife , Quintos Jose Bernardo , Phornphutkul Chanika 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IX and growth hormone (GH) deficiency cause ketotic hypoglycemia via different mechanisms and are not known to be associated. We describe a patient presenting with severe ketotic hypoglycemia found to have both GSD IX and isolated GH deficiency.Case presentation:A 3-year-and-11-month-old boy with a history of prematurity, autism, developmental delay, seizures, and feeding difficulty was admitted for poor weight gain and symptomatic hypoglycemia. He was nondysmorphic, with a height of 93.8 cm (2%, –1.97 SDS), and has no hepatomegaly. He developed symptomatic hypoglycemia, with a serum glucose level of 37 mg/dL after 14 h of fasting challenge. Critical sample showed a GH of 0.24 ng/mL. GH provocative stimulation testing was done with a peak GH of 2.8 ng/mL. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypoplastic pituitary gland. Given the clinical symptoms, suspicion for mitochondrial disease was high. Dual Genome Panel by Massively Parallel Sequencing revealed a hemizygous variant c.721A>G (p1241V) in the X-linkedConclusions:Given the patient’s developmental delays that were not explained by GH deficiency alone, further investigation showed two unrelated conditions resulting in deranged metabolic adaptation to fasting leading to severe hypoglycemia.
Three Conceptions of Group-Based Reasons
Authors: Woodard Christopher 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGroup-based reasons are reasons to play one’s part in some pattern of action that the members of some group could perform, because of the good features of the pattern. This paper discusses three broad conceptions of such reasons. According to the agency-first conception, there are no group-based reasons in cases where the relevant group is not or would not be itself an agent. According to the behaviour-first conception, what matters is that the other members of the group would play their parts in the relevant pattern, not whether they would have the cooperative intentional states constitutive of group agency in doing so. This paper argues against these conceptions and in favour of the powers-first conception, according to which what matters is that the members of the group have practically relevant powers.
Empty Selves and Multiple Belonging: Gadamer and Nāgārjuna on Religious Identity’s Hidden Plurality
Authors: Hustwit J. R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The reaction to multiple religious belonging has been fraught with anxiety in the monotheistic traditions. Nevertheless, increasing numbers of people report belonging to multiple religions. I propose that it is most useful to think of multiple religious belonging not so much as an expression of choice, but just the opposite. Multiple religious belonging is best explained as the ontological condition of two or more religious traditions constituting the self, so that the self’s possibilities are constrained by those religions. Furthermore, I argue that multiple religious belonging per se does not threaten traditional religious communities. Threats are by definition future possibilities, and ontologically speaking, we always already belong to multiple religions. We belong to multiple religions because every religious tradition is an amalgam of earlier distinct traditions. There is nothing new about multiple religious belonging. It is nearly unremarkable. Two philosophers in particular-one a twentieth-century German phenomenologist, the other a second-century Indian Buddhist-have given particularly careful examination of the phenomenon of belonging. Hans-Georg Gadamer’s concept of Wirkungsgeschichte [history of effects] and Nāgārjuna’s teaching of śūnyatā [emptiness] both imply that multiple religious belonging is the ontological condition of all human beings, and that producing any monolithic religious identity requires significant mental gymnastics.
The Hellenistic Origins of Memory as Trope for Literary Allusion in Latin Poetry
Authors: Faber Riemer A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe demonstrated Greek origins of Latin terms of allusion lead one to consider also a possibly Hellenistic background for the common figure of memory as signal of literary reference in Latin poetry. Tracing the models for terms of literary reminiscence in Republican and Augustan poetry to Callimachus and Apollonius in particular, this article demonstrates that memory as trope for literary allusion occurs in Hellenistic poetry, wherein several features and varieties of it anticipate later imitations. Focalized by the narrator as well as by internal characters, the trope of literary remembrance is employed in Hellenistic poetry to effect complex intertextual relations. The article concludes with two examples from Greek and Latin poetry of late antiquity that demonstrate the longevity of the device.
Steady flow and heat transfer analysis of MHD flow of Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid in double-layer optical fiber coating analysis with slip conditions
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Islam Saeed , Shah Rehan Ali 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Modern optical fibers require a double-layer coating on the glass fiber in order to provide protection from signal attenuation and mechanical damage. The most important plastic resins used in wires and optical fibers are plastic polyvinyl chloride, low- and high-density polyethylene, nylon, and polysulfone. One of the most important things that affect the final product after processing is the design of the coating die. In the present study, double-layer optical fiber coating is performed using melt polymer satisfying the Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) fluid model in a pressure-type die. The fluid is electrically conducted in the presence of applied magnetic field. Wet-on-wet coating process is applied for double-layer optical fiber coating. The assumption of fully developed flow of PTT fluid model, two-layer liquid flows of an immiscible fluid, is modeled in an annular die of length L, where the fiber is dragged at a higher speed. The equations characterizing the flow ad heat transfer phenomena are solved exactly and the effects of emerging parameters are shown with the help of graphs. It is interesting to remark that an increase in the non-Newtonian parameters increases the velocity in the absence or presence of slip parameters, which coincides with the results reported earlier. Also, the effect of important parameters such as Deborah numbers, slip parameters, magnetic parameter, characteristic velocity, radii ratio, and Brinkman numbers on the axial velocity, flow rate, thickness of coated fiber optics, and temperature distribution are investigated. Furthermore, the results were compared with the experimental results already published. To the best of our knowledge, no such analysis of the double-layer coating flows of PTT fluid using slip conditions is available in the literature. At the end, the result of the present work is also compared with the experimental results already published by taking λ → 0 (non-Newtonian parameter).
Urban planning instruments for promoting social interest housing: from zoning to obligatory percentages in São Paulo, Brazil, in dialog with Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Santoro Paula Freire 
Published: January 2017

One of the major challenges for urban planning in Latin America is to provide low-income families with housing in areas that have an infrastructure and a good supply of jobs and services, thereby promoting diversity and equity, translated by mixing classes, races and social cohesion. This mission becomes increasingly difficult in a neoliberal capitalist context which transfers the task of providing land and housing for low-income families to the market and where the logic of such actions is based on achieving more rent from land and consequently of the holding of real estate becoming more profitable. This paper sets out to discuss two proposals for urban instruments that dialog with the production of housing through the market and guarantee of the right to the city. The first centered on the reserve of land for the production of social interest housing (HIS, in Portuguese) in the zoning by creating Special Social Interest Housing Zones (ZEIS, in Portuguese), spread throughout Brazil, and described here based on the experience of São Paulo. Or else, comparatively, classifying land to be used as a priority for social housing (vivienda de interés prioritário) widespread in Colombia, and here presented by the Bogota experience. There is another, which already has international experience and has recently been debated in Brazil, which consists of conceiving of the promotion of social interest housing policies based on the regulation of urban restructuring but experiences of this are rare in Brazil. These may be termed as inclusive housing policies. As a result, this article points out that the creation of alternative regulations has set the tone for the market to exclude itself from producing housing of social interest, and guarantees greater profitability to commercial undertakings.
Quantification of the force systems delivered by transpalatal arches activated in the six Burstone geometries
Authors: Sakima Maurício Tatsuei , Dalstra Michel , Loiola Angelo Vicentini , Gameiro Gustavo Hauber 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the force systems produced by transpalatal arches (TPAs) activated according to the six classes of geometries described by Burstone and Koenig.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty appliances were tested for first-order activations using a mechanical force testing system. The TPAs were first checked for passivity in sagittal, transverse, and vertical planes at the measuring machine. Then 10 appliances per group were activated using a millimeter template to obtain the six classes of geometries, and the activated appliances were inserted into lingual tubes of the Force System Identification machine that recorded the deactivation forces and moments delivered by both terminal ends of the TPAs.

Results:
The overall force system with the actual values of forces and moments recorded by each type of activation was illustrated and compared with the mathematical model reported by Burstone and Koenig. Although a great consistency of the direction of forces and moments were observed, the theoretically feasible force systems could not be fully accomplished by the TPA activated for the six classes of geometries.

Conclusion:
The first-order activations of the TPA can deliver predictable force systems in respect to the direction of forces and moments attainable, but some unexpected forces and moments are also produced. Careful clinical monitoring is, therefore, strongly recommended when using this statically indeterminate system.
Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral brainstem: anatomical feasibility and surgical limitations
Authors: Essayed Walid I. , Singh Harminder , Lapadula Gennaro , Almodovar-Mercado Gustavo J. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVESporadic cases of endonasal intraaxial brainstem surgery have been reported in the recent literature. The authors endeavored to assess the feasibility and limitations of endonasal endoscopic surgery for approaching lesions in the ventral portion of the brainstem.METHODSFive human cadaveric heads were used to assess the anatomy and to record various measurements. Extended transsphenoidal and transclival approaches were performed. After exposing the brainstem, white matter dissection was attempted through this endoscopic window, and additional key measurements were taken.RESULTSThe rostral exposure of the brainstem was limited by the sella. The lateral limits of the exposure were the intracavernous carotid arteries at the level of the sellar floor, the intrapetrous carotid arteries at the level of the petrous apex, and the inferior petrosal sinuses toward the basion. Caudal extension necessitated partial resection of the anterior C-1 arch and the odontoid process. The midline pons and medulla were exposed in all specimens. Trigeminal nerves were barely visible without the use of angled endoscopes. Access to the peritrigeminal safe zone for gaining entry into the brainstem is medially limited by the pyramidal tract, with a mean lateral pyramidal distance (LPD) of 4.8 ± 0.8 mm. The mean interpyramidal distance was 3.6 ± 0.5 mm, and it progressively decreased toward the pontomedullary junction. The corticospinal tracts (CSTs) coursed from deep to superficial in a craniocaudal direction. The small caliber of the medulla with very superficial CSTs left no room for a safe ventral dissection. The mean pontobasilar midline index averaged at 0.44 ± 0.1.CONCLUSIONSEndoscopic endonasal approaches are best suited for pontine intraaxial tumors when they are close to the midline and strictly anterior to the CST, or for exophytic lesions. Approaching the medulla is anatomically feasible, but the superficiality of the eloquent tracts and interposed nerves limit the safe entry zones. Pituitary transposition after sellar opening is necessary to access the mesencephalon.
A wild origin of the loss‐of‐function lycopene beta cyclase (CYC‐b) allele in cultivated, red‐fleshed papaya (Carica papaya)
Authors: Wu Meng , Lewis Jamicia , Moore Richard C. 
Published: January 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The red flesh of some papaya cultivars is caused by a recessive loss‐of‐function mutation in the coding region of the chromoplast‐specific lycopene beta cyclase gene (CYC‐b). We performed an evolutionary genetic analysis of the CYC‐b locus in wild and cultivated papaya to uncover the origin of this loss‐of‐function allele in cultivated papaya.METHODS:We analyzed the levels and patterns of genetic diversity at the CYC‐b locus and six loci in a 100‐kb region flanking CYC‐b and compared these to genetic diversity levels at neutral autosomal loci. The evolutionary relationships of CYC‐b haplotypes were assessed using haplotype network analysis of the CYC‐b locus and the 100‐kb CYC‐b region.KEY RESULTS:Genetic diversity at the recessive CYC‐b allele (y) was much lower relative to the dominant Y allele found in yellow‐fleshed wild and cultivated papaya due to a strong selective sweep. Haplotype network analyses suggest the y allele most likely arose in the wild and was introduced into domesticated varieties after the first papaya domestication event. The shared haplotype structure between some wild, feral, and cultivated haplotypes around the y allele supports subsequent escape of this allele from red cultivars back into wild populations through feral intermediates.CONCLUSIONS:Our study supports a protracted domestication process of papaya through the introgression of wild‐derived traits and gene flow from cultivars to wild populations. Evidence of gene flow from cultivars to wild populations through feral intermediates has implications for the introduction of transgenic papaya into Central American countries.
DETECTING TRIPLE SYSTEMS WITH GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Meiron Yohai , Kocsis Bence , Loeb Abraham 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has recently discovered gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by merging black hole binaries. We examine whether future GW detections may identify triple companions of merging binaries. Such a triple companion causes variations in the GW signal due to: (1) the varying path length along the line of sight during the orbit around the center of mass; (2) relativistic beaming, Doppler, and gravitational redshift; (3) the variation of the “light”-travel time in the gravitational field of the triple companion; and (4) secular variations of the orbital elements. We find that the prospects for detecting a triple companion are the highest for low-mass compact object binaries which spend the longest time in the LIGO frequency band. In particular, for merging neutron star binaries, LIGO may detect a white dwarf or M-dwarf perturber at a signal-to-noise ratio of 8, if it is within

distance from the binary and the system is within a distance of 100 Mpc. Stellar mass (supermassive) black hole perturbers may be detected at a factor 5 × (103×) larger separations. Such pertubers in orbit around a merging binary emit GWs at frequencies above 1 mHz detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna in coincidence.
Effects of Variable Eccentricity on the Climate of an Earth-like World
Authors: Way M. J. , Georgakarakos Nikolaos 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The Kepler era of exoplanetary discovery has presented the astronomical community with a cornucopia of planetary systems that are very different from the one that we inhabit. It has long been known that Jupiter plays a major role in the orbital parameters of Mars and its climate, but there is also a long-standing belief that Jupiter would play a similar role for Earth if not for the Moon. Using a three-dimensional general circulation model (3D GCM) with a fully coupled ocean, we simulate what would happen to the climate of an Earth-like world if Mars did not exist, but a Jupiter-like planet was much closer to Earth’s orbit. We investigate two scenarios that involve the evolution of the Earth-like planet’s orbital eccentricity from 0 to 0.283 over 6500 years, and from 0 to 0.066 on a timescale of 4500 years. In both cases we discover that they would maintain relatively temperate climates over the timescales simulated. More Earth-like planets in multi-planet systems will be discovered as we continue to survey the skies and the results herein show that the proximity of large gas giant planets may play an important role in the habitability of these worlds. These are the first such 3D GCM simulations using a fully coupled ocean with a planetary orbit that evolves over time due to the presence of a giant planet.
Courtship and Bridal Pregnancy in The Netherlands, 1870-1950
Authors: Kok Jan , Bras Hilde , Rotering Paul 
Published: January 2017

Bien que mal perçues, les grossesses prénuptiales étaient un phénomène courant au début du xx e siècle, aux Pays-Bas, comme dans beaucoup d’autres pays européens. Leur nombre diffère cependant, tant régionalement que socialement, sans qu’il n’existe d’explication claire à ces variations. La sexualité avant le mariage était risquée au regard des méthodes contraceptives alors utilisées. Qui a pris ces risques et dans quelles circonstances ? Qu’est-ce qui, dans l’environnement des couples non mariés, les a « autorisé » ou « empêché » d’avoir des relations sexuelles ? Quel rôle joue l’environnement de ces adolescents ? Quel est le rôle de leurs pairs, de leurs parents, de leur église ? Dans cet article, nous utilisons une base de données de presque dix mille mariages féconds (contractés entre 1870 et 1950) comprenant des informations détaillées sur les antécédents familiaux des époux. Nous avons également combiné cette base de données à un questionnaire sur les coutumes locales du début du xx e siècle, ce qui a permis d’effectuer une analyse multiniveau sur la probabilité de la survenue d’une grossesse prémaritale en fonction (simultanément) de la classe sociale, de la religion, de la composition de la famille et des caractéristiques des couples eux-mêmes (niveau d’homogamie). L’analyse est centrée sur les normes communales du calendrier de séduction (à quel moment débute-t-il ?) mais surtout sur les pratiques locales concernant le chaperonnage de ces rencontres amoureuses. Nos résultats confirment des constats antérieurs selon lesquelles les grossesses prénuptiales aux Pays-Bas étaient particulièrement nombreuses dans les groupes prolétaires et protestants. Nous trouvons des preuves de la tolérance des parents à l’égard des pulsions sexuelles des jeunes couples (endogames) qui ne représentaient aucune menace pour la transmission des biens envisagée. Mais il existe également des preuves d’anticipation délibérée des mariages (la grossesse étant utilisée comme levier) pour gagner son indépendance. Les coutumes de séduction locales et régionales ne semblent, en revanche, pas fortement associées à des niveaux élevés ou faibles de grossesses nuptiales
Familles en archipel : migrations dans les sociétés rurales mexicaines au xx e siècle
Authors: Michel Aurélia 
Published: January 2017

Cet article envisage les transformations de la famille rurale mexicaine au cours du xx e siècle. Si l’on peut identifier un système familial mésoaméricain qui aurait survécu à la période coloniale et au régime libéral indépendant dans la moitié sud du pays, la famille rurale mexicaine est affectée, depuis la Révolution, par les rythmes intenses de la croissance démographique et économique. Après une période d’exode rural vers les sites industriels, la libéralisation de l’économie régionale nord-américaine, à partir des années 1990, suscite de nouvelles formes de migrations qui amènent les familles à se constituer en archipel économique, sur plusieurs lieux et générations. Après une analyse des étapes de la formation de ces archipels dans une communauté rurale de l’État de Oaxaca, nous explorons les trajectoires d’une quinzaine de familles pour en comprendre les mécanismes de reproduction. En particulier, nous relevons les changements liés à l’accès des femmes au foncier et à leur rôle dans la constitution d’un patrimoine, composé autant par des biens que par des liens entre les lieux.