bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluvial carbon export and CO2 efflux in representative nested headwater catchments of the eastern La Plata River Basin
Authors: Sorribas Mino Viana , da Motta Marques David , Castro Nilza Maria dos Reis , Fan Fernando Mainardi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study involved a baseline evaluation of fluvial carbon export and degas rates in three nested rural catchments (1 to 80 km2) in Taboão, a representative experimental catchment of the Upper Uruguay River Basin. Analyses of the carbon content in stream waters and the catchment carbon yield were based on 4‐year monthly in situ data and statistical modeling using the United States Geological Survey load estimator model. We also estimated pCO2 and degas fluxes using carbonate equilibrium and gas‐exchange formulas. Our results indicated that the water was consistently pCO2 saturated (~90% of the cases) and that the steep terrain favors high gas evasion rates. The mean calculated fluvial export was 5.4 tC·km−2·year−1 with inorganic carbon dominating (dissolved inorganic carbon:dissolved organic carbon ratio >4), and degas rates (~40 tC km−2·year−1) were nearly sevenfold higher than the downstream export. The homogeneous land use in this nested catchment system results in similar water‐quality characteristics, and therefore, export rates are expected to be closely related to the rainfall–runoff relationships at each scale. Although the sampling campaigns did not fully reproduce storm‐event conditions and related effects such as flushing or dilution of in‐stream carbon, our results indicated a potential link between dissolved inorganic carbon and slower hydrological pathways related to subsurface water storage and movement.
Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient for predicting lymphovascular invasion in invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Yang Wei , Qiang Jin Wei , Tian Hai Ping , Chen Bing , Wang Ai Jun , Zhao Jian Guo 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic performance of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (mini‐ADC) for predicting lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in invasive cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsNinety‐six patients with pathologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer (CC) underwent conventional preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on a 3.0T MRI system. Tumor ADC, mini‐ADC and mini‐ADC ratio (mini‐ADC value / tumor ADC value) were obtained and compared between LVI‐positive and LVI‐negative invasive CC, and correlation between LVI status and Ki‐67, p16, p63, and clinical prognostic factors were analyzed. ADC thresholds and diagnostic performance were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsTumor ADC showed no significant difference (P = 0.300) between LVI‐positive invasive CC (n = 27) and LVI‐negative invasive CC (n = 69); the mini‐ADC and mini‐ADC ratio were significantly lower in LVI‐positive invasive CC than in LVI‐negative invasive CC ([0.712 ± 0.078 × 10−3 mm2/s] vs. [0.867 ± 0.099 × 10−3 mm2/s], P < 0.001; and [0.772 ± 0.062] vs. [0.917 ± 0.052], P < 0.001, respectively). ROC curve analysis yielded a cutoff mini‐ADC value of 0.837 in the differentiation of LVI‐positive and LVI‐negative invasive CC, with a sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 100%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.885; a cutoff mini‐ADC ratio of 0.875 with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 100%, AUC of 0.970, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 64%. There was a positive correlation between LVI status and Ki‐67 (r = 0.241, P = 0.014) and a negative correlation between mini‐ADC and LVI status (r = –0.582, P < 0.001); mini‐ADC and Ki‐67 (r = –0.587, P < 0.001).ConclusionMini‐ADC value appears to be a simple and effective tool for the prediction of LVI status in invasive CC, and the mini‐ADC ratio may be the best parameter in discriminating between LVI‐positive and LVI‐negative invasive CC.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1771–1779
Visual comfort enhancement study based on visual attention detection for stereoscopic displays
Authors: Xia Zhenping , Cheng Cheng , Li Xiaohua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough numerous potential causes may lead to visual discomfort when viewing content on three‐dimensional (3D) displays, vergence–accommodation conflict is a particular cause of binocular parallax‐based stereoscopic displays, and it is unavoidable. Based on the study of 3D content visual attention, we proposed a novel stereoscopic depth adjustment method to improve the visual comfort and enhance perceived naturalness. The proposed method combined the 3D image saliency and specific viewing condition to establish a novel model for computing the optimum zero‐disparity plane of stereoscopic image. The results of perception experiments, focused on visual comfort and stereoscopic sensation, supported that the proposed method can significantly enhance stereoscopic viewing comfort and even can improve the stereoscopic sensation by insuring the 3D image fusion.
Deep Water Horizon oil and methane carbon entered the food web in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fernández‐Carrera A. , Rogers K. L. , Weber S. C. , Chanton J. P. , Montoya J. P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Deep Water Horizon (DWH) incident caused the release of an unprecedented amount of 13C‐ and 14C‐depleted oil and gas to the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), which formed surface slicks and deep oil/gas plumes that extended laterally at 1000–1200 m. We conducted three research cruises between 2010 and 2012 to study the potential assimilation of petrocarbon (C derived from oil and/or gas) into the GoM microbial food web. In 2010, we found low δ13C (−30 to −25‰) and Δ14C (−603 to −55‰) values for suspended particles at 1000–1200 m depth as far as 289 km SW of the wellhead, providing direct evidence of the spatial extent of the subsurface plumes. At those depths in 2010, methane and oil carbon accounted for up to 28% and 62% of total particulate carbon (Csp), respectively. In the total area affected by the DWH, 80 ± 56 to 104 ± 91 tonnes (t) of methane‐derived and 216 ± 174 to 292 ± 165 t of oil‐derived carbon were incorporated into Csp. In 2011 and 2012, the δ13C values were distributed throughout the water column indicating that petrocarbon was still present and recycling, especially in the section closest to the DWH, where oil supplied up to 53% and 75% of Csp, respectively. Relatively low δ15N (< 4‰) values in suspended particles at 1000–1200 m in 2010 indicate stimulation of nitrogen fixation linked to methane oxidation in the months after the spill, which accounted for up to 40% of the particulate nitrogen in the water column at those depths.
ADC Quantification of the Vertebral Bone Marrow Water Component: Removing the Confounding Effect of Residual Fat
Authors: Dieckmeyer Michael , Ruschke Stefan , Eggers Holger , Kooijman Hendrik , Rummeny Ernst J. , Kirschke Jan S. , Baum Thomas , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo remove the confounding effect of unsuppressed fat on the imaging‐based apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the vertebral bone marrow water component when using spectrally selective fat suppression and to compare and validate the proposed quantification strategy against diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW‐MRS).MethodsTwelve subjects underwent diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and DW‐MRS of the vertebral bone marrow. A theoretical model was developed to take into account and correct the effects of residual fat on ADC, incorporating additional measurements for proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and water T2 (T2w). Uncorrected and corrected DWI‐based ADC was compared with DW‐MRS–based ADC using the Bland–Altman method.ResultsThere was a systematic bias equal to 0.118 ± 0.116 × 10−3 mm2/s between DWI and DW‐MRS when no correction was performed. Taking into account measured PDFF and constant T2w reduced the bias to 0.006 ± 0.128 × 10−3 mm2/s. Using the proposed approach with both individually measured PDFF and T2w reduced both the bias and the limits of agreement between DWI and DW‐MRS (0.018 ± 0.065 × 10−3 mm2/s).ConclusionBy taking into account the presence of residual fat in a modified signal model that incorporates additional individual measurements of PDFF and T2w, good agreement of imaging‐based ADC with MRS‐based ADC can be achieved in vertebral bone marrow. Magn Reson Med 78:1432–1441, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Neuromuscular ultrasound in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and normal nerve conduction studies
Authors: Aseem Fazila , Williams Jessica W. , Walker Francis O. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionNerve conduction studies (NCS) are sensitive for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but a small proportion of patients with clinical CTS have normal NCS. This retrospective study was designed to assess the neuromuscular ultrasound findings in a group of CTS patients.MethodsThe electronic medical record was reviewed by a neurologist to identify patients who had a diagnosis of CTS with normal NCS, including either mixed median–ulnar comparison or transcarpal sensory studies, and complete neuromuscular ultrasound evaluation for CTS.ResultsFourteen individuals (22 wrists) met all criteria. A total of 92.3% had median nerve cross‐sectional area enlargement at the wrist (mean 16.3 mm2), 100% had increased wrist‐to‐forearm median nerve area ratio (mean 2.4), 82.4% had decreased median nerve echogenicity, 75.0% had decreased median nerve mobility, and 7.1% had increased median nerve vascularity.ConclusionA large proportion of patients with clinical CTS but normal NCS have abnormal neuromuscular ultrasound findings. Muscle Nerve 55: 913–915, 2017
Polygonal grain‐based distinct element modeling for mechanical behavior of brittle rock
Authors: Park J.‐W. , Park C. , Song J.‐W. , Park E.‐S. , Song J.‐J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe microstructure of rock was numerically reproduced by a polygonal grain‐based model, and its mechanical behavior was examined by performing the uniaxial compression test and Brazilian tests via the Universal Distinct Element Code. The numerical results of the model demonstrated good agreement with the experimental results obtained with rock specimens in terms of the stress–strain behavior, strength characteristics, and brittle fracture phenomenon. An encouraging result is that the grain‐based model‐Universal Distinct Element Code model can reproduce a low ratio of tensile to compressive strength of 1/20 to 1/10 without the need for an additional process. This finding is ascribed to the fact that the geometrical features of polygons can effectively capture the effects of angularity, finite rotation, and interlocking of grains that exist in reality. A numerical methodology to monitor the evolution of micro‐cracks was developed, which enabled us to examine the progressive process of the failure and distinguish the contribution of tensile cracking to the process from that of shear cracking. From the observations of the micro‐cracking process in reference to the stress–strain relation, crack initiation stress, and crack damage stress, it can be concluded that the failure process of the model closely resembles the microscopic observations of rock. We also carried out a parametric study to examine the relationships between the microscopic properties and the macroscopic behavior of the model. Depending on the micro‐properties, the model exhibited a variety of responses to the external load in terms of the strength and deformation characteristics, the evolution of micro‐cracks, and the post‐peak behavior. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partially observed linear quadratic control problem with delay via backward separation method
Authors: Wu Shuang , Shu Lan 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we study a partially observed linear quadratic optimal control problem derived by stochastic differential delay equations. Combining backward separation method with stochastic filtering, we obtain optimal feedback regulators in some special cases. Some filtering results for anticipated backward stochastic differential equations are also developed by expressing the solutions of the anticipated backward stochastic differential equations as some Itô's processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological distress and cognitive coping in pregnant women diagnosed with cancer and their partners
Authors: Vandenbroucke Tineke , Han Sileny N. , Van Calsteren Kristel , Wilderjans Tom F. , Van den Bergh Bea R.H. , Claes Laurence , Amant Frédéric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveA cancer diagnosis during pregnancy may be considered as an emotional challenge for pregnant women and their partners. We aimed to identify women and partners at risk for high levels of distress based on their coping profile.MethodsSixty‐one pregnant women diagnosed with cancer and their partners filled out the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the newly constructed Cancer and Pregnancy Questionnaire (CPQ). K‐means cluster analysis was performed on the CERQ scales. Scores on the CPQ were compared between the women and their partners and between the CERQ‐clusters.ResultsComparison of women and partners on the CPQ did not reveal significant differences on distress about the child's health, the cancer disease, and the pregnancy or on information satisfaction (P = .16, P = .44, P = .50, and P = .47, respectively). However, women were more inclined to maintain the pregnancy than their partners (P = .011). Three clusters were retrieved based on the CERQ scales, characterized by positive coping, internalizing coping, and blaming. Women and partners using internalizing strategies had significantly higher scores on concerns about the child's health (P = .039), the disease and treatment (P < .001), and the pregnancy and delivery (P = .009) compared with positive and blaming strategies. No cluster differences were found for information satisfaction (P = .71) and tendency to maintain the pregnancy (P = .35).ConclusionWomen and partners using internalizing coping strategies deal with the highest levels of distress and may benefit from additional psychosocial support.
The effect of improved ensemble covariances on hybrid variational data assimilation
Authors: Bowler N. E. , Clayton A. M. , Jardak M. , Jermey P. M. , Lorenc A. C. , Wlasak M. A. , Barker D. M. , Inverarity G. W. , Swinbank R. 
Published: November 2016

Hybrid four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational (4DEnVar) data assimilation is a method which avoids using a linear and adjoint model by relying on an input ensemble to propagate analysis increments in time. Previous studies have shown that hybrid 4DEnVar performs worse than hybrid four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) assimilation. Given hybrid 4DEnVar's heavy reliance on the ensemble, this comparison may be affected by the quality of the input ensemble. Here we investigate how improvements to the ensemble system affect hybrid 4D‐Var and how they affect the comparison with hybrid 4DEnVar.Using the Met Office's operational ensemble generation scheme (the ensemble transform Kalman filter, ETKF) it is found that hybrid 4D‐Var gains little benefit from using an enlarged ensemble as input (176 as opposed to 23 members). By contrast, hybrid 4DEnVar benefits more from the increased ensemble size, and it benefits further when the weighting given to the ensemble covariance is increased. Both data assimilation methods benefit when the input ensemble is changed from using the ETKF to using an ensemble of 4DEnVars. Both schemes also show further benefit when a large ensemble (200 members) of 4DEnVars is used, and when a large weight is given to the covariance information from this ensemble. Thus, improving the ensemble covariance used in assimilation (ensemble generation method and ensemble size) and increasing its weight can have substantial benefits.Given that both hybrid 4D‐Var and hybrid 4DEnVar benefit from improvements to the input ensemble, the relative performance is largely unaffected by the ensemble changes and hybrid 4D‐Var performs better than hybrid 4DEnVar for all input ensembles.
Coordinated control with multiple dynamic leaders for uncertain Lagrangian systems via self‐tuning adaptive distributed observer
Authors: Dong Yi , Xu Shengyuan , Hu Xiaoming 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis paper studies coordinated control of multiple Lagrangian systems with parametric uncertainties subject to external disturbances by proposing a fully distributed continuous control law based on the improved self‐tuning adaptive observer inspired by non‐identifier‐based high‐gain adaptive control technique. Under this distributed continuous control law, a group of Lagrangian systems are driven to the convex hull spanned by multiple heterogenous dynamic leaders, which can be any combination of step signals of arbitrary unknown magnitudes, ramp signals of arbitrary unknown slopes, and sinusoidal signals of arbitrary unknown amplitudes, initial phases, and any unknown frequencies. It is also worth to mention that this control law we propose, depending neither on any information of leader systems for uninformed followers, nor on external disturbances, even independent of neighbors' velocity, can achieve asymptotic tracking of multiple leaders without any additional condition instead of ensuring the ultimate boundedness of the containment error as in the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption with partially hidden access structure and its application to privacy‐preserving electronic medical record system in cloud environment
Authors: Liu Lixian , Lai Junzuo , Deng Robert H. , Li Yingjiu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWith the development of cloud computing, more and more sensitive data are uploaded to cloud by companies or individuals, which brings forth new challenges for outsourced data security and privacy. Ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) provides fine‐grained access control of encrypted data in the cloud; in a CP‐ABE scheme, an access structure, also referred to as ciphertext‐policy, is sent along with a ciphertext explicitly, and anyone who obtains a ciphertext can know the access structure associated with the ciphertext. In certain applications, access structures contain very sensitive information and must be protected from everyone except the users whose private key attributes satisfy the access structures.In this paper, we propose a new model for CP‐ABE with partially hidden access structure (See Figure 2). In our model, each attribute consists of two parts: an attribute name and its value; if the private key attributes of a user do not satisfy the access structure associated with a ciphertext, the specific attribute values of the access structure are hidden, while other information about the access structure is public. Based on the CP‐ABE scheme proposed by Lewko and Waters recently, we then present a concrete construction of CP‐ABE with partially hidden access structure and prove that it is fully secure in the standard model. In addition, we discuss how our new model can be employed to construct a privacy‐preserving electronic medical record system in the cloud environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual cooperative RFID‐telecare medicine information system authentication protocol for healthcare environments
Authors: Benssalah Mustapha , Djeddou Mustapha , Drouiche Karim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRadio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology is used in a wide variety of applications, more recently as a leading identification technology in healthcare environments. In the most recent years, this technology has been adopted for telecare medicine information system (TMIS) for authentication, safety, security, data confidentiality, and patient's privacy protection over public networks. TMIS is the bridge between patients at home and doctors at healthcare organizations that permits to validate the correctness of exchanged information between different actors of the system. Recently, several RFID and smart cards authentication schemes have been presented and suggested for the TMIS in the literature. These schemes try to resolve the security and privacy problems over insecure healthcare network environments by exploiting different cryptographic primitive's solutions. In this paper, we first highlighted the vulnerabilities of the most recent proposed protocol for TMIS in the literature and proposed attacks based on the weaknesses related to the misuse of the timestamp technique, the calculation of the reader request and tag response messages using the one‐way hash function, which are not attentively scrutinized. Second, we propose an efficient dual RFID‐TMIS mobile authentication protocol with high efficiency and security for healthcare systems. Our proposal is an improvement and extension of the protocol of Li et al., where we propose to associate the RFID technology with TMIS in the same authentication system to take advantages of both these two promising technologies. The performance analysis shows that our improved protocol could solve security weaknesses of the studied protocol and provide mobility, efficiency and is well suited for TMIS adoption in remote areas and low population density. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a VANET privacy and non‐repudiation accident reporting system
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ling , Cheng Kai‐Wen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs network technology has rapidly developed over recent years, more research into vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has come to highlight security and privacy issues within these networks. In discussions on security issues, the attempt by VANETs to ensure driver privacy makes non‐repudiation extremely difficult; many studies on security have failed to discuss this important issue. Vehicle drivers' privacy is weighed against sender non‐repudiation; these two factors are generally regarded as being in opposition. Because accident reporting systems will aim to retain complete privacy, they may be unable to guarantee non‐repudiation. This study therefore uses mutual authentication, digital signatures, and authorization certificates to develop an accident reporting system for VANETs which is not only able to retain driver privacy but also to track dangerous behavior on the part of drivers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scleraxis-Lineage Cells Contribute to Ectopic Bone Formation in Muscle and Tendon
Authors: Agarwal Shailesh , Loder Shawn J. , Cholok David , Peterson Joshua , Li John , Breuler Christopher , Cameron Brownley R. , Hsin Sung Hsiao , Chung Michael T. , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Li Shuli , Zhao Bin , Kaartinen Vesa , Davis Thomas A. , Qureshi Ammar T. , Schipani Ernestina , Mishina Yuji , Levi Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The pathologic development of heterotopic ossification (HO) is well described in patients with extensive trauma or with hyperactivating mutations of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor ACVR1. However, identification of progenitor cells contributing to this process remains elusive. Here we show that connective tissue cells contribute to a substantial amount of HO anlagen caused by trauma using postnatal, tamoxifen-inducible, scleraxis-lineage restricted reporter mice (Scx-creERT2/tdTomatofl/fl). When the scleraxis-lineage is restricted specifically to adults prior to injury marked cells contribute to each stage of the developing HO anlagen and coexpress markers of endochondral ossification (Osterix, SOX9). Furthermore, these adult preinjury restricted cells coexpressed mesenchymal stem cell markers including PDGFRα, Sca1, and S100A4 in HO. When constitutively active ACVR1 (caACVR1) was expressed in scx-cre cells in the absence of injury (Scx-cre/caACVR1fl/fl), tendons and joints formed HO. Postnatal lineage-restricted, tamoxifen-inducible caACVR1 expression (Scx-creERT2/caACVR1fl/fl) was sufficient to form HO after directed cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury. These findings suggest that cells expressing scleraxis within muscle or tendon contribute to HO in the setting of both trauma or hyperactive BMP receptor (e.g., caACVR1) activity.