bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outdoors in Preschool Teaching: A Model Implementation in Turkey
Authors: Bay Dondu Neslihan 
Published: January 2016

<p>In the research, an explanatory case study was carried out which is a kind of qualitative research. By presenting a model implementation, how to create outdoor centers and teachers’ views on the designed model are introduced with the purpose of making a contribution to teachers and preschool education institutions. Within this framework, by receiving opinions of teachers, an outdoor space design was made, and by the end of a 2 month work, 12 centers (art, music, playing house, writing, balance, eye-hand coordination, vegetable, fruit, book, performance, sensory) were created in the garden of research and application kindergarten of a university. After 6 teachers used the design in the 2 month education period, their opinions are received. Teachers expressed the efficiency of center designs in the garden in terms of supporting children’s development and implementing educational programs. Model implementation was described in detail and was discussed with the related body of literature. A design was made regarding how center implementation which will support children development in the best way can be formed using low-cost waste and natural material. The model is thought to raise awareness about putting outdoor space in good use.</p>
The Influence of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty Intentions: A Study in the Vietnam Retail Sector
Authors: Nguyen The Ninh , Nguyen Hoang Long , Cao Tuan Khanh , Phan Thi Thu Hoai 
Published: January 2016

<p>There is a paucity of knowledge relating to retail service quality and customer loyalty intentions in emerging markets, and especially in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between these two variables in the Vietnam retail sector. Survey data are collected from 502 respondents who are current customers of eight retail stores in the city of Hanoi. The results support five dimensions of retail service quality, namely personal interaction, store policy, physical aspects, reliability and problem solving. Out of these, three dimensions of reliability, personal interaction and problem solving are significantly associated with customer loyalty intentions. This study contributes to the evolving literature and suggests that local and foreign retailers should particularly invest time and effort to increase stores’ reliability, quality of customer interaction and effectiveness in solving customer problems. </p>
Measuring the Spiritual and Behavioral Dimensions of Religiosity in a Muslim Sample
Authors: Al-Menayes Jamal 
Published: January 2016

<p>This study examines the dimensions of religiosity based on a sample of undergraduate students in a large state university in Kuwait. It aims to develop and test a multi-dimensional scale to measure religiosity in a Muslim sample. More specifically, the current research tests the properties of a newly developed religiosity scale designed for a Muslim sample consisting of two sub-scales, a spiritual and a behavioral one. The self-report data support the two dimensions of religiosity but, while the two dimensions are related, their statistical distributions were different indicating a possible “desirability bias” effect. Future studies should guard against this possibility by using complex survey techniques such as randomized responses and unmatched count. </p>
Evaluation of Relationship between Social Self Concept, Organizational Identity and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Amini Mohsen , Amini Mehdi , Ghodsi Masoud , Rafiyi Mani 
Published: January 2016

<p>This article reviews the relationship between social self concept, organizational identity and organizational citizenship behavior among employees in Tax Affairs Organization in Lorestan province. Thus, the most important aspects of organizational citizenship behavior was extracted from extensive study of library resources and articles and scientific magazines in internet sites and articles presented in the First Citizenship Behavior Management National Conference in Tehran university and then these resources were all reviewed. The population of the study consists of employees in Tax Affairs Organization in Lorestan province that was evaluated using questionnaire (social self concept, organizational identity and organizational citizenship behavior). Sample size was estimated 250 individuals using Cochran formula and simple random sampling. Research hypothesizes were tested using modeling statistical Structural equation modeling (SEM) and smartpls software. Results show that there is a significant relationship between organizational identity and organizational citizenship behavior among employees. Also there is a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational identity. <strong><em></em></strong></p>
Analysis of Engineering Students’ Responses to Flipped Classroom Methodology in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Khodr Majed , Waller Lee 
Published: January 2016

<p>The aim of this study was to analyse student responses to the introduction of flipped learning methodology at an institution of higher education in the northern region of the United Arab Emirates to identify potential relationships between and among the responses and to determine underlying factors guiding the responses. A survey questionnaire was developed by a team of faculty and sent to students via online survey software. The analysis employed dimension reduction techniques to ascertain underlying factors guiding responses. Two major factors were identified: (1) the focus on educational benefits of the methodology and (2) the instructional relevance of the flipped classroom approach. The study concluded that flipped learning methodology can be useful for improving learning and holds the potential to more adequately engage today’s learners. </p>
TB as a cause of hospitalization and in‐hospital mortality among people living with HIV worldwide: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ford Nathan , Matteelli Alberto , Shubber Zara , Hermans Sabine , Meintjes Graeme , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Waldrop Greer , Kranzer Katharina , Doherty Meg , Getahun Haileyesus 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionDespite significant progress in improving access to antiretroviral therapy over the past decade, substantial numbers of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in all regions continue to experience severe illness and require hospitalization. We undertook a global review assessing the proportion of hospitalizations and in‐hospital deaths because of tuberculosis (TB) in PLHIV.MethodsSeven databases were searched to identify studies reporting causes of hospitalizations among PLHIV from 1 January 2007 to 31 January 2015 irrespective of age, geographical region or language. The proportion of hospitalizations and in‐hospital mortality attributable to TB was estimated using random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsFrom an initial screen of 9049 records, 66 studies were identified, providing data on 35,845 adults and 2792 children across 42 countries. Overall, 17.7% (95% CI 16.0 to 20.2%) of all adult hospitalizations were because of TB, making it the leading cause of hospitalization overall; the proportion of adult hospitalizations because of TB exceeded 10% in all regions except the European region. Of all paediatric hospitalizations, 10.8% (95% CI 7.6 to 13.9%) were because of TB. There was insufficient data among children for analysis by region. In‐hospital mortality attributable to TB was 24.9% (95% CI 19.0 to 30.8%) among adults and 30.1% (95% CI 11.2 to 48.9%) among children.DiscussionTB remains a leading cause of hospitalization and in‐hospital death among adults and children living with HIV worldwide.
Sensitive thermal microsensor with pn junction for heat measurement of a single cell
Authors: Yamada Taito , Inomata Naoki , Ono Takahito 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A sensitive thermal microsensor based on a pn junction diode for heat measurements of biological single cells is developed and evaluated. Using a fabricated device, we demonstrated the heat measurement of a single brown fat cell. The principle of the sensor relies on the temperature dependence of the pn junction diode resistance. This method has a capability of the highly thermal sensitivity by downsizing and the advantage of a simple experimental setup using electrical circuits without any special equipment. To achieve highly sensitive heat measurement of single cells, downsizing of the sensor is necessary to reduce the heat capacity of the sensor itself. The sensor with the pn junction diode can be downsized by microfabrication. A bridge beam structure with the pn junction diode as a thermal sensor is placed in vacuum using a microfludic chip to decrease the heat loss to the surroundings. A temperature coefficient of resistance of 1.4%/K was achieved. The temperature and thermal resolutions of the fabricated device are 1.1 mK and 73.6 nW, respectively. The heat measurements of norepinephrine stimulated and nonstimulated single brown fat cells were demonstrated, and different behaviors in heat generation were observed.
Lifetime improvement mechanism in organic light-emitting diodes with mixed materials at a heterojunction interface
Authors: Minagawa Masahiro , Takahashi Noriko 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
To investigate the lifetime improvement mechanism caused by mixing at the heterojunction interface, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with stacked and mixed 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-biphenyl (α-NPD)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) interfaces were fabricated, and changes in their displacement current due to continuous operation were measured. A decrease in accumulated holes at the α-NPD/Alq3 interface was observed in the stacked configuration devices over longer operations. These results indicate that the injected hole density was reduced during continuous operation, implying that the carrier balance became uneven in the emission region. However, few accumulated holes and changes in the displacement current due to continuous operation were observed in the devices having the mixed layer. Therefore, it was deduced that the number of holes concentrated between the α-NPD and Alq3 layers was decreased by mixing at the heterojunction interface, and that the change in the number of holes was smaller during continuous operation, resulting in less degradation.
Simultaneous formation of fine and large-area electrode patterns using screen-offset printing and its application to the patterning on adhesive materials
Authors: Nomura Ken-ichi , Ushijima Hirobumi , Nagase Kazuro , Ikedo Hiroaki , Mitsui Ryosuke , Sato Junya , Takahashi Seiya , Nakajima Shin-ichiro , Arai Masahiro , Kurata Yuji , Iwata Shiro 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Additive-type printing techniques such as gravure-offset printing and screen printing are effective for low-cost and ecofriendly electrode pattern formation. Gravure-offset printing is effective for fine pattern formation with widths on the order of 10–20 µm, whereas screen printing is effective for the formation of large-area patterns. However, it is difficult to simultaneously form fine and large-area patterns using these printing techniques. In this study, we demonstrate that fine (minimum width of 15 µm) and medium- as well as large-area patterns can be formed simultaneously using our developed screen-offset printing technique, which is a combination of screen printing on a silicone blanket and transfer printing from the blanket to a substrate. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of our method to printing on adhesive materials, which allows electrode formation without applying heat to the film substrate.
Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Lin T. J. , Ver Eecke H. C. , Breves E. A. , Dyar M. D. , Jamieson J. W. , Hannington M. D. , Dahle H. , Bishop J. L. , Lane M. D. , Butterfield D. A. , Kelley D. S. , Lilley M. D. , Baross J. A. , Holden J. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mössbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible‐near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thin‐section petrography, X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 282°C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 300°C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 321°C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic‐anoxic transition zone was above 100°C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide‐oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe2+ and S2− oxidation in the vent fluids, or O2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall.
Small‐scale spatial variation in near‐surface turbidites around the JFAST site near the Japan Trench
Authors: Yoshikawa Shuro , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Kasaya Takafumi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper aims to improve our understanding of the depositional processes associated with turbidites related to recent earthquake events. A series of short sediment cores (ca. 20–30 cm long) were recovered from the landward slope of the Japan Trench around JFAST (Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project) site C0019 by a remotely operated vehicle, KAIKO 7000 II, and the sample sites were accurately located using an LBL (long base line) acoustic navigation system. The properties of the cores were analyzed using visual observations, soft X‐ray radiographs, smear slides, measurement of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and analysis of radioactive elements (134Cs, 137Cs, and excess 210Pb). For the first time, small‐scale (ca. 200–1000 m) spatial variations in recent earthquake‐triggered deep‐sea turbidites, the formation of which was probably linked to the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake, are described. We also examine the submarine landslide that probably generated the sediment unit below the turbidites, which is thought to be an important process in the study area. The spatial distribution and characteristics of the near‐surface seismoturbidite obtained immediately after the earthquake, presented here, will enable precise calibration of offshore evidence of recent earthquakes, and thus facilitate the use of the sedimentary archive for paleoseismic interpretations. Furthermore, although sampling for turbidite seismology on steep slopes has not been widely performed previously, our results suggest that the recent event deposits may be continuously tracked from the slope to the basin using a combination of the present sampling method and conventional large‐scale investigation techniques.
Seasonal climate forecasts significantly affected by observational uncertainty of Arctic sea ice concentration
Authors: Bunzel Felix , Notz Dirk , Baehr Johanna , Müller Wolfgang A. , Fröhlich Kristina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigate how observational uncertainty in satellite‐retrieved sea ice concentrations affects seasonal climate predictions. To do so, we initialize hindcast simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model every 1 May and 1 November from 1981 to 2011 with two different sea ice concentration data sets, one based on the NASA Team and one on the Bootstrap algorithm. For hindcasts started in November, initial differences in Arctic sea ice area and surface temperature decrease rapidly throughout the freezing period. For hindcasts started in May, initial differences in sea ice area increase over time. By the end of the melting period, this causes significant differences in 2 meter air temperature of regionally more than 3°C. Hindcast skill for surface temperatures over Europe and North America is higher with Bootstrap initialization during summer and with NASA Team initialization during winter. This implies that the observational uncertainty also affects forecasts of teleconnections that depend on northern hemispheric climate indices.
Rupture characteristics of major and great (Mw ≥ 7.0) megathrust earthquakes from 1990 to 2015: 2. Depth dependence
Authors: Ye Lingling , Lay Thorne , Kanamori Hiroo , Rivera Luis 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDepth‐varying characteristics of high‐frequency seismic radiation for megathrust earthquakes have been inferred from several recent giant earthquakes and large tsunami earthquakes. To quantify any depth dependence more extensively, we analyzed 114 Mw ≥ 7.0 thrust‐faulting earthquakes with centroid depths from 5 to 55 km on circum‐Pacific megathrusts using teleseismic body wave finite‐fault inversions and source spectrum determinations. Large tsunami earthquakes and some other shallow events at depths less than about 18 km have unusually long source durations, and low values of static stress drop (ΔσE), Vr3ΔσE, and apparent stress, with relatively depleted high‐frequency radiation. Deeper events have no clear global trend with source depth for moment‐normalized centroid time or total duration, static stress drop, moment‐scaled radiated energy, apparent stress, or radiation efficiency. Regional behavior among the 17 sampled subduction zones generally conforms to the global composite. The source spectra have high‐frequency logarithmic spectral decay slopes averaging ~ −1.6. There is relative enrichment in high‐frequency spectral levels with increasing source depth manifested in reduced high‐frequency spectral decay slope. The ratio of high‐frequency (0.3–1 Hz) radiated energy to total energy increases correspondingly. These observations suggest that overall dynamic rupture processes are relatively insensitive to source depth, but varying scale lengths of megathrust heterogeneity may contribute to modest enrichment of high‐frequency seismic radiation for events deeper on the megathrust. A weak correlation of higher estimated average megathrust temperature at 30 km depth with higher spectral decay rate indicates that the depth‐varying pattern may in part result from frictional properties being influenced by temperature variations or by systematic reduction of average attenuation with increasing depth along the megathrust.
Shallow crustal discontinuities inferred from waveforms of microearthquakes: Method and application to KTB Drill Site and West Bohemia Swarm Area
Authors: Hrubcová Pavla , Vavryčuk Václav , Boušková Alena , Bohnhoff Marco 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe waveforms of microearthquakes are of high frequency and complicated. They contain many phases secondarily generated at crustal interfaces and at small‐scale inhomogeneities. They are highly sensitive to focal mechanisms and thus very different for each station of local networks. However, with a large number of microearthquakes, the scattered waves present in the waveforms can serve for identifying the prominent crustal discontinuities and for determining their depth. In this paper, we develop a new approach for extracting information on crustal structure from such waveforms and apply it for determining depth and lateral variations of crustal discontinuities. We show that strong dependence of microseismic waveforms on radiation pattern requires good station coverage and knowledge of focal mechanisms of the microearthquakes. Analysis of real observations is supported by waveform modeling and by analysis of radiation patterns of scattered waves. The robustness of the inversion for depth of crustal interfaces is achieved by stacking of a large number of waveforms and by applying a grid search algorithm. The method is demonstrated on two microseismic data sets of different origin: microseismicity induced during the Continental Super‐Deep Drilling Project (KTB) 2000 fluid injection experiment and natural seismicity in the West Bohemia swarm region. High‐frequency conversions at the KTB site indicate a prominent interface at depths of 2.3–4.1 km consistent with previous interpretations. Geologically, it may represent the contact of granitoids with much faster metabasites underneath. Seismicity in West Bohemia indicates a strong‐contrast interface at depths of 3.5–6.0 km. This interface is in agreement with previous profiling and might be related to trapping of fluid emanations ascending from the mantle.
Characterizing the circulation off the Kenyan‐Tanzanian coast using an ocean model
Authors: Gabriela Mayorga‐Adame C. , Ted Strub P. , Batchelder Harold P. , Spitz Yvette H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Kenyan‐Tanzanian coastal region in the western Indian Ocean faces several environmental challenges including coral reef conservation, fisheries management, coastal erosion, and nearshore pollution. The region lacks hydrodynamic records and oceanographic studies at adequate spatial and temporal scales to provide information relevant to the local environmental issues. We have developed a 4 km horizontal resolution ocean circulation model of the region: the Kenyan‐Tanzanian Coastal Model (KTCM) that provides coastal circulation and hydrography with higher resolution than previous models and observational studies of this region. Comparisons to temperature profiles, satellite‐derived sea surface temperature and sea surface height anomaly fields, indicate that the model reproduces the main features of the regional circulation, while greatly increasing the details of the nearshore circulation. We describe the seasonal ocean circulation and hydrography of the Kenyan‐Tanzanian coastal region based on a climatology of 8 years (2000–2007) of the KTCM simulations. The regional monsoon seasonality produces two distinct coastal circulation regimes: (1) during December–March, there are relatively sluggish shelf flows and (2) during April–November, there are strong northward transports. Simulations from the model will be useful for examining dispersal of pollutants and spatial connectivity of coral reef species.