bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Fish Sauce as a Substitute for Sodium Chloride in Culinary Sauces and Effects on Sensory Properties
Authors: Huynh Hue Linh , Danhi Robert , Yan See Wan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHistorically, fish sauce has been a standard condiment and ingredient in various Southeast Asian cuisines. Moreover, fish sauce imparts umami taste, which may enhance perceived saltiness in food. This quality suggests that fish sauce may be used as a partial substitute for sodium chloride (NaCl) in food preparation, which may present a valuable option for health‐conscious and salt‐restricted consumers. However, the degree to which NaCl can be decreased in food products without compromising taste and consumer acceptance has not been determined. We hypothesized that NaCl content in food may be reduced by partial replacement with fish sauce without diminishing palatability and consumer acceptance. Preparations of 3 types of food were assessed to test this hypothesis: chicken broth (n = 72); tomato sauce (n = 73); and coconut curry (n = 70). In the first session, the percentage of NaCl that could be replaced with fish sauce without a significant change in overall taste intensity was determined for each type of food using the 2‐Alternative Forced Choice method. In the second session, subjects rated 5 samples for each food with varying NaCl and/or fish sauce content on 3 sensory attributes: deliciousness; taste intensity; and saltiness. Our results demonstrate that NaCl reduction was possible in chicken broth, tomato sauce, and coconut curry at 25%, 16%, and 10%, respectively, without a significant loss (P < 0.05) in deliciousness and overall taste intensity. These results suggest that it is possible to replace NaCl in foods with fish sauce without reducing overall taste intensity and consumer acceptance.
Sleep problems in bipolar disorders: more than just insomnia
Authors: Steinan M. K. , Scott J. , Lagerberg T. V. , Melle I. , Andreassen O. A. , Vaaler A. E. , Morken G. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveSleep problems in bipolar disorder (BD) are common, but reported rates vary from 10% to 80%, depending on definitions, methodologies and management of potential confounding factors. This multicenter study seeks to address these issues and also compares BD cases with Hypersomnia as well as the more commonly investigated Insomnia and No Sleep Problem groups.MethodA cross‐sectional comparison of sleep profiles in 563 BD I and II individuals who participated in a structured assessment of demographic, clinical, illness history and treatment variables.ResultsOver 40% cases met criteria for Insomnia and 29% for Hypersomnia. In univariate analysis, Insomnia was associated with BD II depression whilst Hypersomnia was associated with BD I depression or euthymia. After controlling for confounders and covariates, it was demonstrated that Hypersomnia cases were significantly more likely to be younger, have BD I and be prescribed antidepressants whilst Insomnia cases had longer illness durations and were more likely to be prescribed benzodiazepines and hypnotics.ConclusionWhilst Insomnia symptoms are common in BD, Hypersomnia is a significant, frequently underexplored problem. Detailed analyses of large representative clinical samples are critical to extending our knowledge of differences between subgroups defined by sleep profile.
Ethanol affects limbic and striatal presynaptic glutamatergic and DNA methylation gene expression in outbred rats exposed to early‐life stress
Authors: Vrettou Maria , Granholm Linnea , Todkar Aniruddha , Nilsson Kent W. , Wallén‐Mackenzie Åsa , Nylander Ingrid , Comasco Erika 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlcohol use disorder is the outcome of both genetic and environmental influences and their interaction via epigenetic mechanisms. The neurotransmitter glutamate is an important regulator of reward circuits and implicated in adaptive changes induced by ethanol intake. The present study aimed at investigating corticolimbic and corticostriatal genetic signatures focusing on the glutamatergic phenotype in relation to early‐life stress (ELS) and consequent adult ethanol consumption. A rodent maternal separation model was employed to mimic ELS, and a free‐choice paradigm was used to assess ethanol intake in adulthood. Gene expression levels of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (Vglut) 1, 2 and 3, as well as two key regulators of DNA methylation, DNA (cytosine‐5)‐methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (Mecp2), were analyzed. Brain regions of interest were the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (Acb), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal striatum (dStr), all involved in mediating aspects of ethanol reward. Region‐specific Vglut, Dnmt1 and Mecp2 expression patterns were observed. ELS was associated with down‐regulated expression of Vglut2 in the VTA and mPFC. Rats exposed to ELS were more sensitive to ethanol‐induced changes in Vglut expression in the VTA, Acb, and dStr and in Dnmt1 and Mecp2 expression in the striatal regions. These findings suggest long‐term glutamatergic and DNA methylation neuroadaptations as a consequence of ELS, and show an association between voluntary drinking in non‐preferring, non‐dependent, rodents and different Vglut, Dnmt1 and Mecp2 expression depending on early‐life history.
Effect of fibre‐reinforced composite on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Ozsevik Abdul Semih , Yildirim Cihan , Aydin Ugur , Culha Emre , Surmelioglu Derya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of root‐filled teeth restored with fibre‐reinforced composite (everX posterior). Fifty mandibular molars were divided into five groups (n = 10). Group 1: no treatment was applied (intact teeth). Group 2–5: canals were prepared and root filled. Group 2: no coronal restoration was placed. Group 3: teeth were coronally restored with composite. Group 4: composite restorations were performed following polyethylene fibre insertion at the cavity base. Group 5: composite resin placed over everX posterior. After thermocycling (5–55°C, 5000×), fracture resistance was measured. Mean force load for each sample was recorded in Newtons (N). Results were statistically analysed with one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's tests. The mean force required to fracture samples and standard deviations are as follows: group 1: 2859.5 ± 551.27 N, group 2: 318.97 ± 108.67 N, group 3: 1489.5 ± 505.04 N, group 4: 1958.3 ± 362.94 N, group 5: 2550.7 ± 586.1 N. everX posterior (group 5) was higher than groups 2, 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between everX posterior and intact teeth (P > 0.05). Placing fibre‐reinforced composite under composite increased the fracture strength of root‐filled teeth to the level of intact teeth.
The Coagulative Profile of Cyanotic Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: The Role of Whole Blood Preoperative Thromboelastometry on Postoperative Transfusion Requirement
Authors: Vida Vladimiro L. , Spiezia Luca , Bortolussi Giacomo , Marchetti Marta E. , Campello Elena , Pittarello Demetrio , Gregori Dario , Stellin Giovanni , Simioni Paolo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the preoperative coagulation pattern and its association to postoperative blood products transfusion in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), focusing on cyanotic patients (oxygen saturation, SATO
2 < 85%). From January to August 2014, preoperative standard coagulation tests and rotational thromboelastometry assays were performed on 81 pediatric patients (<16 years old) who underwent surgery for CHD with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. Sixty patients (74%) were acyanotic and 21 (26%) cyanotic. Mean age at time of surgery was 7.9 months (interquartile range 2.9–43.6 months). Cyanotic patients had a significantly higher hematocrit (P < 0.001), a reduced prothrombin activity (PT) (P = 0.01) level, and a lower platelet count (P = 0.02) than acyanotic patients. An inverse linear association was found between patient's SATO2 and clot formation time (CFT) (INTEM, P = 0.001, and EXTEM, P < 0.0001). A direct linear association was found between patient's SATO2 and maximum clot firmness (MCF) (INTEM, P = 0.04, and EXTEM, P = 0.05). Preoperative cyanosis was also associated with a lower median MCF in FIBTEM (P = 0.02). Cyanotic patients required more frequent postoperative transfusions of fibrinogen (7/21 patients, 33% vs. 4/60 patients, 6.7%, P = 0.01) and fresh frozen plasma (14/21, 67% vs. 25/60, 42%, P = 0.08). Patients with a lower presurgery PT and platelet count subsequently required more fibrinogen transfusion P = 0.02 and P = 0.003, respectively); the same goes for patients with a longer CFT (INTEM, P = 0.01 and EXTEM, P = 0.03) and a reduced MCF (INTEM, P = 0.02 and FIBTEM, P = 0.01) as well. Cyanotic patients showed significant preoperative coagulation anomalies and required a higher postoperative fibrinogen supplementation. The preoperative MCF FIBTEM has become an important factor in our postoperative thromboelastometry‐guided transfusion protocols.
County‐level pesticide use and risk of shortened gestation and preterm birth
Authors: Winchester Paul , Proctor Cathy , Ying Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThis study assesses the association between pesticide exposure in pregnancy, preterm birth (PTB) and shortened gestation.MethodsPregnancy information was abstracted from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Non‐Public Use Natality Datasets 1990–2005. Pesticide use in maternal county of residence was calculated using California Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR) data 1990–2005. Counties were ranked by pesticide use, and birth months were sorted by peak (May–June) or nonpeak (other months) pesticide use. Multivariate logistical regression models were used.ResultsCounties with higher pesticide use were associated with higher PTB (low 8.59 ± 0.11%, moderate 9.25 ± 0.07%, high 10.0 ± 0.06%, p's < 0.001) and shorter gestations (low 39.197 ± 0.014 weeks, moderate 39.126 ± 0.011 weeks, high 39.049 ± 0.011 weeks, p's < 0.001). Peak pesticide months were associated with higher PTB (10.01 ± 0.05% vs. 9.36 ± 0.05%, p < 0.001) and shorter gestations (39.069 ± 0.007 weeks vs. 39.122 ± 0.007 weeks, p < 0.001). The pesticide effect on shortened gestation and higher PTB was found in all racial groups. Pesticide use was highest for fungicides > insecticides > fumigants > herbicides > others. Each pesticide type was found to be associated with higher PTB and shorter gestation.ConclusionPTB and shortened gestation were significantly associated with pesticide use in maternal county of residence regardless of race, gestation at birth, and in most risk categories.
Exposure to acid‐suppressing drugs during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in childhood: an observational cohort study
Authors: Cea Soriano L. , Hernández‐Díaz S. , Johansson S. , Nagy P. , García‐Rodríguez L. A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundSome research has suggested a potential link between prenatal exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2‐receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and the development of childhood asthma.AimTo quantify the relative risk of asthma in children who experienced pre‐natal exposure to PPIs and/or H2RAs, adjusting for potential confounders.MethodsIn this observational cohort study (NCT01787435), women aged 18–45 years with completed pregnancies between January 1996 and December 2010 were identified from The Health Improvement Network in the United Kingdom, and were linked to infants. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOur analysis identified 2371 prenatally exposed and 7745 unexposed infants. The incidence of asthma (per 1000 person‐years) was 19.52 in the unexposed cohort, 23.88 in the PPI cohort and 32.16 in the H2RA cohort. After adjusting for maternal healthcare utilisation during the year before pregnancy, the HR for asthma in infants whose mothers received prescriptions at any time during pregnancy was 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.44) for PPIs and 1.43 (1.20–1.70) for H2RAs, when compared with unexposed infants. With further adjustment for maternal comorbidities and other medications, the HR for asthma was 1.03 (0.76–1.40) for PPIs and 1.32 (1.05–1.64) for H2RAs.ConclusionsOur analysis showed no association between prenatal exposure to PPIs and asthma in childhood after adjusting for confounders. The association found for H2RAs may be explained largely by underlying environmental or genetic factors, as suggested by reductions in hazard ratio estimates following adjustment for maternal comorbidities.
Comparison of two live Bacillus species as feed additives for improving in vitro fermentation of cereal straws
Authors: Wang Zuo , He Zhixiong , Beauchemin Karen A. , Tang Shaoxun , Zhou Chuanshe , Han Xuefeng , Wang Min , Kang Jinhe , Odongo Nicholas E. , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study was performed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement to explore and compare the effects of inclusion of two live Bacillus additives (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) at four doses (0, 0.25 × 107, 0.50 × 107 and 0.75 × 107 colony‐forming units (cfu)) on in vitro gas production kinetics, fiber degradation, methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics of maize stover and rice straw by mixed rumen microorganisms in dairy cows. The pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) and isovalerate were increased (P < 0.05), while the methane (CH4) production, ratio of acetate to propionate, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration were decreased (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of B. licheniformis compared with that of B. subtilis. Adding B. licheniformis and B. subtilis raised (P < 0.05) or numerically raised the maximum gas production, while decreasing (P < 0.05) or numerically lowering pH and concentrations of most volatile fatty acids. The addition of B. licheniformis increased (P < 0.05) the NH3‐N concentration but reduced CH4 production and ratio of acetate to propionate (P < 0.05), while the NH3‐N concentration was decreased (P < 0.05), and the CH4 production and ratio of acetate to propionate were increased by that of B. subtilis compared to the control. Results obtained in this research suggest that B. licheniformis would be preferred as a live Bacillus additive in comparison with B. subtilis, and its optimal dose should be 0.25 × 107 cfu/500 mg substrates.
The risk of major cardiac malformations associated with paroxetine use during the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bérard Anick , Iessa Noha , Chaabane Sonia , Muanda Flory T. , Boukhris Takoua , Zhao Jin‐Ping 
Published: November 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to perform an up‐to‐date meta‐analysis on the risk of cardiac malformations associated with gestational exposure to paroxetine, taking into account indication, study design and reference category.MethodA systematic review of studies published between 1966 and November 2015 was conducted using embase and MEDLINE. Studies reporting major malformations with first trimester exposure to paroxetine were included. Potentially relevant articles were assessed and relevant data extracted to calculate risk estimates. Outcomes included any major malformations and major cardiac malformations. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random‐effects models.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included. Compared with non‐exposure to paroxetine, first trimester use of paroxetine was associated with an increased risk of any major congenital malformations combined (pooled OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10, 1.38; n = 15 studies), major cardiac malformations (pooled OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11, 1.47; n = 18 studies), specifically bulbus cordis anomalies and anomalies of cardiac septal closure (pooled OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07, 1.89; n = 8 studies), atrial septal defects (pooled OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.14, 4.97; n = 4 studies) and right ventricular outflow track defect (pooled OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.06, 4.93; n = 4 studies). Although the estimates varied depending on the comparator group, study design and malformation detection period, a trend towards increased risk was observed.ConclusionsParoxetine use during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of any major congenital malformations and cardiac malformations. The increase in risk is not dependent on the study method or population.
MicroRNAs in Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Relationship to Growth and Matrix Remodelling
Authors: Ekman Mari , Albinsson Sebastian , Uvelius Bengt , Swärd Karl 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ~22 nucleotide RNAs that inhibit protein synthesis in a sequence‐specific manner and are present in a range of species, has born hope of new therapeutic strategies. miRNAs play important roles in development and disease, but they remain poorly studied in uropathologies beyond cancer. Here, we discuss biological functions of miRNAs in the lower urogenital tract. A special focus is on miRNAs that change in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). This is a condition that affects nearly one third of all men over 60 years and that involves growth and fibrosis of the urinary bladder. Animal models of BOO, such as that in rat, have been developed, and they feature a massive 6‐fold bladder growth over 6 weeks. Using microarrays, we have charted the miRNAs that change during the time course of this process and identified several with important modulatory roles. We discuss known and predicted functions of miR‐1, miR‐29, miR‐30, miR‐132/212, miR‐204 and miR‐221, all of which change in BOO. The majority of the miRNA‐mediated influences in BOO are expected to favour growth. We also outline evidence that miR‐29 represents a key effector molecule in a generic response to mechanical distension that is designed to counteract exaggerated organ deformation via effects on matrix deposition and stiffness. We conclude that miRNAs play important roles in bladder remodelling and growth and that they may be targeted pharmacologically to combat diseases of the lower urinary tract.
Employment Systems in Japan's Financial Industry: Globalization, Growing Divergence and Institutional Change
Authors: Yamauchi Mari 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article examines growing divergence and change in the employment systems of Japan's financial industry from the early 1990s until shortly after the so‐called Lehman Shock. This was a period which saw accelerated deregulation and globalization strongly impact the country's financial markets, leading to intensified competition over human resources. Foreign multinational corporations introduced into Japan's local product and labour markets new global ‘rules of the game’; in response, some native firms were forced to alter core aspects of a traditional employment model. The result was the emergence of diverging patterns of employment. The present study will demonstrate that the interaction of two key factors — national ownership and variation among core products and services offered — is shaping employment diversification, mediated by firms’ individual policies and practices. This research contributes to the debate on the effects of globalization on the divergence and change of employment systems.
Targeting Notch Signaling and Autophagy Increases Cytotoxicity in Glioblastoma Neurospheres
Authors: Natsumeda Manabu , Maitani Kosuke , Liu Yang , Miyahara Hiroaki , Kaur Harpreet , Chu Qian , Zhang Hongyan , Kahlert Ulf D. , Eberhart Charles G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGlioblastomas are highly aggressive tumors that contain treatment resistant stem‐like cells. Therapies targeting developmental pathways such as Notch eliminate many neoplastic glioma cells, including those with stem cell features, but their efficacy can be limited by various mechanisms. One potential avenue for chemotherapeutic resistance is the induction of autophagy, but little is known how it might modulate the response to Notch inhibitors. We used the γ‐secretase inhibitor MRK003 to block Notch pathway activity in glioblastoma neurospheres and assessed its effects on autophagy. A dramatic, several fold increase of LC3B‐II/LC3B‐I autophagy marker was noted on western blots, along with the emergence of punctate LC3B immunostaining in cultured cells. By combining the late stage autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) with MRK003, a significant induction in apoptosis and reduction in growth was noted as compared to Notch inhibition alone. A similar beneficial effect on inhibition of cloogenicity in soft agar was seen using the combination treatment. These results demonstrated that pharmacological Notch blockade can induce protective autophagy in glioma neurospheres, resulting in chemoresistance, which can be abrogated by combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors.
Sensorimotor Decoupling Contributes to Triadic Attention: A Longitudinal Investigation of Mother–Infant–Object Interactions
Authors: de Barbaro Kaya , Johnson Christine M. , Forster Deborah , Deák Gedeon O. 
Published: November 2015

Previous developmental accounts of joint object activity identify a qualitative “shift” around 9–12 months. In a longitudinal study of 26 dyads, videos of joint object interactions at 4, 6, 9, and 12 months were coded for all targets of gaze and manual activity (at 10 Hz). At 12 months, infants distribute their sensorimotor modalities between objects handled by the parent and others controlled by the infant. Analyses reveal novel trajectories in distributed joint object activity across the 1st year. At 4 months, infants predominantly look at and manipulate a single object, typically held by their mothers. Between 6 and 9 months, infants increasingly decouple their visual and haptic modalities and distribute their attention between objects held by their mothers and by themselves. These previously unreported developments in the distribution of multimodal object activity might “bridge the gap” to coordinated joint activity between 6 and 12 months.
In Defense of Theory
Authors: Jackendoff Ray 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFormal theories of mental representation have receded from the importance they had in the early days of cognitive science. I argue that such theories are crucial in any mental domain, not just for their own sake, but to guide experimental inquiry, as well as to integrate the domain into the mind as a whole. To illustrate the criteria of adequacy for theories of mental representation, I compare two theoretical approaches to language: classical generative grammar (Chomsky, 1965, 1981, 1995) and the parallel architecture (Jackendoff, 1997, 2002). The grounds for comparison include (a) the internal coherence of the theory across phonology, syntax, and semantics; (b) the relation of language to other mental faculties; (c) the relationship between grammar and lexicon; (d) relevance to theories of language processing; and (e) the possibility of languages with little or no syntax.
Nature‐Based Solutions for Europe's Sustainable Development
Authors: Maes Joachim , Jacobs Sander 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPursuing economic targets of job creation, growth, and innovation while tackling global environmental challenges, has long been seen as impossible. However, any long‐term economic competitiveness and security depends on the extent to which natural resources are used sustainably. Therefore, the European Union is investing in nature‐based solutions to achieve this double goal. The difference between the prevailing economic model and a sustainable resource use has long seemed insurmountable. While many debates are paralyzed or radicalized, nature‐based solutions could offer a transition path with realistic, incremental steps toward a sustainable economy as envisaged by the EU Horizon 2020 vision. This paper outlines the basics of a nature‐based scenario for Europe, and proposes criteria to focus, guide, and evaluate the implementation of nature‐based solutions, geared at production of wide socioeconomic benefits, provision of jobs, and low‐carbon technology innovations.