bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENSO elicits opposing responses of semi-arid vegetation between Hemispheres
Authors: Zhang Anzhi , Jia Gensuo , Epstein Howard E. , Xia Jiangjiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSemi-arid ecosystems are key contributors to the global carbon cycle and may even dominate the inter-annual variability (IAV) and trends of the land carbon sink, driven largely by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The linkages between dynamics of semi-arid ecosystems and climate at the hemispheric scale however are not well known. Here, we use satellite data and climate observations from 2000 to 2014 to explore the impacts of ENSO on variability of semi-arid ecosystems, using the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method. We show that the responses of semi-arid vegetation to ENSO occur in opposite directions, resulting from opposing controls of ENSO on precipitation between the Northern Hemisphere (positively correlated to ENSO) and the Southern Hemisphere (negatively correlated to ENSO). Also, the Southern Hemisphere, with a robust negative coupling of temperature and precipitation anomalies, exhibits stronger and faster responses of semi-arid ecosystems to ENSO than the Northern Hemisphere. Our findings suggest that natural coherent variability in semi-arid ecosystem productivity responded to ENSO in opposite ways between two hemispheres, which may imply potential prediction of global semi-arid ecosystem variability, particularly based on variability in tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures.
Rare-earth free self-luminescent Ca2KZn2(VO4)3 phosphors for intense white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Bharat L. Krishna , Jeon Soo-Kun , Krishna Kurugundla Gopi , Yu Jae Su 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe commercially available white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are made with a combination of blue LEDs and yellow phosphors. These types of WLEDs lack certain properties which make them meagerly applicable for general illumination and flat panel displays. The solution for such problem is to use near-ultraviolet (NUV) chips as an excitation source because of their high excitation efficiency and good spectral distribution. Therefore, there is an active search for new phosphor materials which can be effectively excited within the NUV wavelength range (350–420 nm). In this work, novel rare-earth free self-luminescent Ca2KZn2(VO4)3 phosphors were synthesized by a citrate assisted sol-gel method at low calcination temperatures. Optical properties, internal quantum efficiency and thermal stability as well as morphology and crystal structure of Ca2KZn2(VO4)3 phosphors for their application to NUV-based WLEDs were studied. The crystal structure and phase formation were confirmed with XRD patterns and Rietveld refinement. The optical properties of these phosphor materials which can change the NUV excitation into visible yellow-green emissions were studied. The synthesized phosphors were then coated onto the surface of a NUV chip along with a blue phosphor (LiCaPO4:Eu2+) to get brighter WLEDs with a color rendering index of 94.8 and a correlated color temperature of 8549 K.
Automatic detection method for monitoring odontocete echolocation clicks
Authors: Yang Wuyi , Luo Wenyu , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2017

Passive acoustic monitoring records large amounts of acoustic data, and thus an efficient detection method is essential to analyse these data. A novel approach is proposed to automatically detect odontocete echolocation clicks. A time–frequency filter detects echolocation clicks in the time–frequency domain, and then the Teager–Kaiser energy operator and Gabor curve‐fitting method determine the start and end points of each echolocation click precisely. Detector performance is assessed by using synthetic data. The experimental results showed that the recall rates were higher than 90% when the signal‐to‐noise ratio was above 10 dB.
Minimally Invasive Microscopic Posterior Cervical Decompression: Simple, Safe, and Effective
Authors: Vergara Pierluigi 
Published: February 2017

Background and Study Aims Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the elderly population. Surgery is usually successful in preventing any deterioration, as well as improving functional status and quality of life. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive microscopic posterior cervical decompression for the treatment of CSM.
Materials and Methods A retrospective review of patients with myelopathy from cervical stenosis treated with minimally invasive posterior cervical decompression was performed. The operation was performed through a nonexpandable tubular retractor and operating microscope.
Results Twelve patients were identified. There were no early or late complications. Average age was 74.5 years. Three patients were > 80 years of age and tolerated the operation extremely well. Three cases were two-level decompressions; nine were single level. Eight patients were operated on as elective cases, with average postoperative length of stay of 0.9 days. Average surgical time was 77.5 minutes per level. Postoperative neck pain was minimal (1.5/10). All patients improved postoperatively, particularly those who started with severe deficits. In fact, five patients were unable to walk preoperatively and were wheelchair- or bed-bound, and they returned to walking within weeks. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score improved from 8.4 (range: 4–14) to 13.5 (range: 10–15); the Nurick score changed from 3.8 (range: 2–5) to 2.3 (range: 1–4).
Conclusions Minimally invasive microscopic posterior cervical decompression is a safe and effective treatment for CSM in selected cases. Our initial experience highlights the potential benefits of this relatively new technique.
Rapid Documented Growth of Aneurysm Bleb Led to Rupture of an Incidental Intracranial Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Fierstra Jorn , Esposito Giuseppe , Baltsavias Gerasimos , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Burkhardt Jan-Karl 
Published: February 2017

Background A major challenge in the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is to identify criteria indicating a higher risk of future UIA rupture. We report a rare patient with documented short-term bleb growth of an UIA followed by a fatal aneurysm rupture supporting the high risk of rupture of short-term shape changes in UIAs.
Case Description A 72-year-old man with an incidental unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm of 9 mm showed a bleb growth on the aneurysm sac at 6-week follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA). Aneurysm treatment was recommended by the interdisciplinary board (PHASES score: 9 points; rupture risk 4.3% in 5 years). The patient wanted to discuss the treatment plan with his family before making a final decision. Two days after the CTA showing bleb growth, he was admitted emergently with a severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons grade 5; Fisher 3). The aneurysm was occluded with coils. However, the patient died on day 14 after SAH due to delayed ischemic neurologic deficits and multiple organ failure.
Conclusions This case illustrates the high rupture risk of an UIA presenting a documented growth of an aneurysm bleb over a short follow-up time. In retrospect, this patient might have benefited from emergent aneurysm occlusion. The interest of this report comes from the proof that aneurysmal bleb growth constitutes a high risk for short-term aneurysm rupture.
High-resolution imaging of cellular dopamine efflux using a fluorescent nanosensor array
Authors: Kruss Sebastian , Salem Daniel P. , Vuković Lela , Lima Barbara , Vander Ende Emma , Boyden Edward S. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Cells communicate between themselves using waves of chemical concentration that change in both direction and time. Existing methods are not able to capture this spatial and temporal dependence at the necessary resolution to study the influence of cellular morphology. This study utilizes arrays of fluorescent nanosensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes placed under and around neuroprogenitor cells to label-free image the efflux of the neurotransmitter dopamine. We use the spatiotemporal resolution of this approach to resolve where on the cell surface dopamine is released and how cell morphology affects the location of release sites.
Food processing by high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Yamamoto Kazutaka 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) process, as a nonthermal process, can be used to inactivate microbes while minimizing chemical reactions in food. In this regard, a HHP level of 100 MPa (986.9 atm/1019.7 kgf/cm2) and more is applied to food. Conventional thermal process damages food components relating color, flavor, and nutrition via enhanced chemical reactions. However, HHP process minimizes the damages and inactivates microbes toward processing high quality safe foods. The first commercial HHP-processed foods were launched in 1990 as fruit products such as jams, and then some other products have been commercialized: retort rice products (enhanced water impregnation), cooked hams and sausages (shelf life extension), soy sauce with minimized salt (short-time fermentation owing to enhanced enzymatic reactions), and beverages (shelf life extension). The characteristics of HHP food processing are reviewed from viewpoints of nonthermal process, history, research and development, physical and biochemical changes, and processing equipment.
Timing Control without Docket Control
Authors: Arguelhes Diego Werneck , Hartmann Ivar A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Brazilian Supreme Court has developed an informal mechanism of timing control: each justice has the power (pedido de vista) to request more time to study the files of a given case. In this article, we use a database of over 1.5 million cases to calculate vista request duration and compare vista behavior to other activities in which caseload and the justice’s efficiency play a role. Our results show that vistas can function as an individual power, unconstrained by the Court’s internal rules of procedure, to indefinitely remove cases from the agenda, in ways that cannot be explained by the Court’s workload. We also find initial evidence of the vistas being used for strategic purposes, when justices wait for a case to be decided in a more favorable composition or political context. These results suggest that comparative analyses of courts should look beyond formal rules of docket control to study informal means of delay.
The kinetically dominated quasar 3C 418
Authors: Punsly Brian , Kharb Preeti 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The existence of quasars that are kinetically dominated, where the jet kinetic luminosity, Q, is larger than the total (infrared to X-ray) thermal luminosity of the accretion flow, Lbol, provides a strong constraint on the fundamental physics of relativistic jet formation. Since quasars have high values of Lbol by definition, only ∼10 kinetically dominated quasars (with $\overline{Q}/L_{\rm {bol}}&gt;1$) have been found, where $\overline{Q}$ is the long-term time-averaged jet power. We use low-frequency (151 MHz–1.66 GHz) observations of the quasar 3C 418 to determine $\overline{Q}\approx 5.5 \pm 1.3 \times 10^{46}\, \rm {erg\,s^{-1}}$. Analysis of the rest-frame ultraviolet spectrum indicates that this equates to 0.57 ± 0.28 times the Eddington luminosity of the central supermassive black hole and $\overline{Q}/L_{\rm {bol}} \approx 4.8 \pm 3.1$, making 3C 418 one of the most kinetically dominated quasars found to date. It is shown that this maximal $\overline{Q}/L_{\rm {bol}}$ is consistent with models of magnetically arrested accretion of jet production in which the jet production reproduces the observed trend of a decrement in the extreme ultraviolet continuum as the jet power increases. This maximal condition corresponds to an almost complete saturation of the inner accretion flow with vertical large-scale magnetic flux (maximum saturation).
Case-based review: primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Korfel Agnieszka , Schlegel Uwe , Johnson Derek R. , Kaufmann Timothy J. , Giannini Caterina , Hirose Takanori 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrimary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare diffuse large B-cell lymphoma originating within the central nervous system. The overall incidence of PCNSL is rising, particularly in the elderly population. Immunosuppression is a strong risk factor, but most patients with this tumor are apparently immunocompetent. Diagnosis of PCNSL can be challenging. Non-invasive or minimally invasive tests such as ophthalmological evaluation and spinal fluid analysis may be useful, but the majority of patients require tumor biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Our knowledge concerning optimum treatment of PCNSL is fragmentary due to paucity of adequately sized trials. Most patients are now initially treated with high-dose-methotrexate-based chemotherapy alone, as the addition of whole-brain radiotherapy at standard doses has not been shown to increase survival and does increase the risk of neurological toxicity. Ongoing trials are addressing issues such as the roles of reduced-dose radiotherapy, the addition of the CD20 antibody rituximab to chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, and maintenance therapy in the primary management of PCNSL.
Development of Evaluation Indicators for Hospice and Palliative Care Professionals Training Programs in Korea
Authors: Kang Jina , Park Kyoung-Ok 
Published: February 2017

Introduction:
The importance of training for Hospice and Palliative Care (HPC) professionals has been increasing with the systemization of HPC in Korea. Hence, the need and importance of training quality for HPC professionals are growing. This study evaluated the construct validity and reliability of the Evaluation Indicators for standard Hospice and Palliative Care Training (EIHPCT) program.

Methods:
As a framework to develop evaluation indicators, an invented theoretical model combining Stufflebeam's CIPP (Context-Input-Process-Product) evaluation model with PRECEDE-PROCEED model was used. To verify the construct validity of the EIHPCT program, a structured survey was performed with 169 professionals who were the HPC training program administrators, trainers, and trainees. To examine the validity of the areas of the EIHPCT program, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted.

Results:
First, in the exploratory factor analysis, the indicators with factor loadings above 0.4 were chosen as desirable items, and some cross-loaded items that loaded at 0.4 or higher on two or more factors were adjusted as the higher factor. Second, the model fit of the modified EIHPCT program was quite good in the confirmatory factor analysis (Goodness-of-Fit Index > 0.70, Comparative Fit Index > 0.80, Normed Fit Index > 0.80, Root Mean square of Residuals < 0.05). The modified model of the EIHPCT comprised 4 areas, 13 subdomains, and 61 indicators.

Discussion:
The evaluation indicators of the modified model will be valuable references for improving the HPC professional training program.
Muir–Torre Syndrome
Authors: Roybal Lacey , Carlson Kim 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Muir–Torre syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by the development of internal malignancies and sebaceous neoplasms. The most common visceral malignancies associated with the disease are colon cancer, genitourinary cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. The head and neck are the major locations for the development of sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous carcinomas, sebaceous epitheliomas, and keratoacanthomas. Muir–Torre syndrome is a variant of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the mismatch repair genes leading to DNA mutations and microsatellite instability. It is important for clinicians to be able to recognize the clinical features of Muir–Torre syndrome to accurately diagnose and treat the cutaneous manifestations as well as the underlying malignancies associated with this condition.
Using Simulation to Model Improvements in Pediatric Bed Placement in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Lambton Judith , Roeder Theresa , Saltzman Robert , Param Lila , Fernandes Roxanne 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project was to use an interdisciplinary approach to analyze strategies through simulation technology for improving patient flow in a pediatric hospital.

BACKGROUND
Various statistics have been offered on the number of children admitted annually to hospitals. For administrators, particularly in smaller systems, the financial burden of equipping and staffing pediatric units often outweighs the moral desire to maintain a pediatric unit as a viable option for patients and pediatricians.

METHODS
Discrete event simulation was used to model current operations of a pediatric unit. Cost analysis was conducted using simulation reflecting various percentages of patients being referred to a discharge holding area (DHA) upon discharge and of the use of all private rooms.

RESULTS
Both DHA and private rooms resulted in increased patient volumes.

CONCLUSIONS
Administrators should consider the use of a DHA and/or private rooms to ease the census strains of pediatric units and the resultant revenue of this service.
Estimating Hospital-Related Deaths Due to Medical Error: A Perspective From Patient Advocates
Authors: Kavanagh Kevin T. , Saman Daniel M. , Bartel Rosie , Westerman Kim 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The authors present a viewpoint regarding the quality of data used in estimating the number of preventable hospital deaths in the United States. Data derived from countries with a nationalized healthcare system with well-defined and near uniform implementation of standards may not be applicable to the fragmented noncentralized delivery system found in the United States. Although U.S. studies evaluating preventable mortality have based their projections on a small sample size, it is unlikely that this observation is due to chance, because other studies evaluating adverse events, a precursor to preventable mortality, have a much larger sample size and also report an unacceptably high number of events. In addition, although these estimates involved adult and Medicare-eligible patients who may have a higher incidence of events and create a bias, but they also did not capture all events, taken into account of mortality, which occurs after hospitalization or from misdiagnoses. It is also important not to mitigate adverse events in patients whose death is imminent. Medicine does not have the moral authority to place differing values on days, weeks, or years of life. The contention that there are approximately 200,000 preventable hospital-related deaths each year in the United States is not unreasonable. Not all hospital systems in the United States make the same investment in patient safety. Recently, the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality has demonstrated a decline in adverse events in hospitals, but until uniform implementation of safety standards takes place, our healthcare system as a whole may well lag behind other industrialized nations.
The house spider genome reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication during arachnid evolution
Authors: Schwager Evelyn E. , Sharma Prashant P. , Clarke Thomas , Leite Daniel J. , Wierschin Torsten , Pechmann Matthias , Akiyama-Oda Yasuko , Esposito Lauren , Bechsgaard Jesper , Bilde Trine , Buffry Alexandra D. , Chao Hsu , Dinh Huyen , Doddapaneni HarshaVardhan , Dugan Shannon , Eibner Cornelius , Extavour Cassandra G. , Funch Peter , Garb Jessica , Gonzalez Luis B. , Gonzalez Vanessa L. , Griffiths-Jones Sam , Han Yi , Hayashi Cheryl , Hilbrant Maarten , Hughes Daniel S.T. , Janssen Ralf , Lee Sandra L. , Maeso Ignacio , Murali Shwetha C. , Muzny Donna M. , da Fonseca Rodrigo Nunes , Paese Christian L. B. , Qu Jiaxin , Ronshaugen Matthew , Schomburg Christoph , Schönauer Anna , Stollewerk Angelika , Torres-Oliva Montserrat , Turetzek Natascha , Vanthournout Bram , Werren John H. , Wolff Carsten , Worley Kim C. , Bucher Gregor , Gibbs Richard A. , Coddington Jonathan , Oda Hiroki , Stanke Mario , Ayoub Nadia A. , Prpic Nikola-Michael , Flot Jean-Frangois , Posnien Nico , Richards Stephen , McGregor Alistair P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought to make a major contribution to the evolutionary diversification of organisms. There is increasing evidence for a large-scale duplication of genes in some chelicerate lineages including two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) in horseshoe crabs. To investigate this further we sequenced and analyzed the genome of the common house spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum.We found pervasive duplication of both coding and non-coding genes in this spider, including two clusters of Hox genes. Analysis of synteny conservation across theP. tepidariorumgenome suggests that there has been an ancient WGD in spiders. Comparison with the genomes of other chelicerates, including that of the newly sequenced bark scorpionCentruroides sculpturatus, suggests that this event occurred in the common ancestor of spiders and scorpions and is probably independent of the WGDs in horseshoe crabs. Furthermore, characterization of the sequence and expression of the Hox paralogs inP. tepidariorumsuggests that many have been subject to neofunctionalization and/or subfunctionalization since their duplication, and therefore may have contributed to the diversification of spiders and other pulmonate arachnids.
The impact of genome-wide association studies on biomedical research publications
Authors: Struck Travis J. , Mannakee Brian K. , Gutenkunst Ryan N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe past decade has seen major investment in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), with the goal of identifying and motivating research on novel genes involved in complex human disease. To assess whether this goal is being met, we quantified the effect of GWAS on the overall distribution of biomedical research publications and on the subsequent publication history of genes newly associated with complex disease. We found that the historical skew of publications toward genes involved in Mendelian disease has not changed since the advent of GWAS. Genes newly implicated by GWAS in complex disease do experience additional publications compared to control genes, and they are more likely to become exceptionally studied. But the magnitude of both effects has declined dramatically over the past decade. Our results suggest that reforms to encourage follow-up studies may be needed for GWAS to most successfully guide biomedical research toward the molecular mechanisms underlying complex human disease.Author summaryOver the past decade, thousands of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to link genetic variation with complex human disease. A major goal of such studies is to identify novel disease genes, so they can be further studied. We tested whether this goal is being met, by studying patterns of scientific research publications on human genes. We found that publications are still concentrated on genes involved in simple Mendelian disease, even after the advent of GWAS. Compared to other genes, disease genes discovered by GWAS do experience additional publications, but that effect has declined dramatically since GWAS were first performed. Our results suggest that the ability of GWAS to stimulate research into novel disease genes is declining. To realize the full potential of GWAS to reveal the molecular mechanisms driving human disease, this decline and the reasons for it must be understood, so that it can be reversed.