bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dephasing and error dynamics affecting a singlet-triplet qubit during coherent spin shuttling
Authors: Foster Natalie , Henshaw Jacob , Rudolph Martin , Luhman Dwight , Jock Ryan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Quantum information transport over micron to millimeter scale distances is critical for the operation of practical quantum processors based on spin qubits. One method of achieving a long-range interaction is by coherent electron spin shuttling through an array of silicon quantum dots. In order to execute many shuttling operations with high fidelity, it is essential to understand the dynamics of qubit dephasing and relaxation during the shuttling process in order to mitigate them. However, errors arising after many repeated shuttles are not yet well documented. Here, we probe decay dynamics contributing to dephasing and relaxation of a singlet-triplet qubit during coherent spin shuttling over many N repeated shuttle operations. We find that losses are dominated by magnetic dephasing for small N<\i> < 103 and by incoherent shuttle errors for large N<\i> > 103<\sup>. Additionally, we estimate shuttle error rates below 1×10-4<\sup> out to at least N<\i>=103<\sup>, representing an encouraging figure for future implementations of spin shuttling to entangle distant qubits.
Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis-Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial and an Intracranial Physiological Biomarker Predictor
Authors: Voon Valerie , Sun Bomin , Wang Linbin , Wang Yuhan , Zhang Yingying , Ding Qiong , Dai Luling , Hu Jiake , Ye Kuanghao , Lv Xin , Zhang XiaoXiao , Mandali Alexhya , Manssuer Luis , Zhao Yijie , Huang Peng , Qiu Xian , Liu Wei , Pan Yixin , Lai Yijie , Zhan Shikun , Li Dianyou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Therapeutic options for refractory depression are urgently needed. We conducted a deep brain stimulation (DBS) randomized controlled trial of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), an extended amygdala structure, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in 26 refractory depression patients. BNST-NAc DBS had a 50% depression response rate and 35% remission rate in the open-label phase. Stimulation improved depression, anxiety, quality-of-life and disability more than sham in the blinded controlled trial (-9.8, p < 0.001, 95% CI 6.1–13.5). Lower BNST theta, prefrontal-BNST coherence with top-down connectivity predicted better depression outcomes and quality-of-life after chronic stimulation at 3, 6 and 12 months, confirmed using separate data sets and machine learning. We identified a physiology-guided connectivity network involved dorsal anterior cingulate and lateral inferior frontal cortex tracts. These biomarkers, linked to negative emotional bias and anxiety, highlight the efficacy of BNST-NAc DBS for MDD and has potential broader clinical implications.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Nomogram for Cesarean Delivery in Term Singleton Pregnancies Complicated by Small for Gestational Age Undergoing Labor Induction
Authors: Yan Mingxing , Hu Liping , Chen Mengting , Shi Jun , Li Feng , Wang jinji , Li Liying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify antenatal and intrapartum risk factors associated with cesarean delivery in term singleton pregnancies complicated by small for gestational age (SGA) and to develop a predictive model.
Methods:We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 507 SGA patients who underwent labor induction between 2017 and 2022 at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital.Comprehensive data on maternal demographics, obstetric complications, labor induction methods, and neonatal outcomes were collected. 354 (70%) experiencing SGA complications enrolled as the derivation cohort and 153 (30%) included in the validation set. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for cesarean delivery, and a predictive nomogram was developed based on these factors in the derivation cohort,and verified in the validation set.
Results: A total of 134 (26.43%) women in the cohort underwent cesarean delivery following labor induction. Four significant independent risk factors for cesarean delivery were identified: maternal age(aOR1.08, 95%CI 1.01-1.15) , weightat admission (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.07), the use of dinoprostone for induction(aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.13-3.81), and the Bishop score after cervical ripening(aOR0.65, 95% CI:0.54-0.80). The constructed nomogram displayed a discriminative ability with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 in the training cohort and 0.77 in the validation cohort. Calibration curves indicated strong agreement（P＞0.05）between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes, while decision curve analysis confirmed significant net benefits across various various threshold probabilities.
Conclusion:The developed nomogram provides clinicians with a reliable tool for predicting the likelihood of cesarean delivery in SGA pregnancies undergoing labor induction, aiding in informed decision-making and potentially optimizing clinical management strategies to improve perinatal outcomes.
The introduced and invasive flora of Bermuda
Authors: Copeland Alison Isabel , Dawson Wayne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Abstract
Screening incoming plants for potentially invasive species is key to preventing new invasions on islands. Doing this effectively requires knowledge of plants already present and invasive in the country, and which pathways, donor regions and families have previously contributed the most invasives. As Bermuda previously lacked such a dataset, we compiled a comprehensive inventory of the native, introduced, casual, naturalized and invasive plants from historic and modern literature, herbarium records and field visits. The inventory contains updated taxonomy, pathways and dates of introduction, native geographic range, life form, and naturalization status for 1587 vascular plants from 162 families. Of these, 1424 species (89.7%) are introduced to Bermuda, while 151 (9.5%) are native. Classifying stage of invasion shows 320 species (22.5% of the introduced flora) have escaped cultivation to form casual, naturalized or invasive populations. Bermuda currently has 43 invasive plants, representing 2.7% of the total flora and 3% of the introduced flora. Among the invasive species 25 (56%) are trees and shrubs, mostly of Asian origin. Ornamental horticulture was the introduction pathway for 77% of invasive plants, emphasizing the need for further collaboration with the commercial horticulture sector and private gardeners to reduce invasion risk from ornamental plants.
The lag and cumulative response of water use efficiency to the climate on the Shiyang River Basin, Northwest of China
Authors: Wang Dawei , Zhao Chengzhang , Zhang Yao , jia Duni , Yu Hongtao , Gao Jiahao , Han Feibing , Li Lili 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Water use efficiency (WUE), as an indicator for plants to regulate water physiological processes through photosynthesis, is a key link between carbon and water cycling in ecosystems, reflecting the rapid adaptation strategies of vegetation ecosystems to site environment and resource changes. In this study, satellite data and ground-based observation data from 2001–2020 were developed to simulate and estimate the spatial distribution characteristics of WUE in different functional zones and analyze the time lag and cumulative effects of climate on vegetation. The results show that: (1) In the past 20 years, the spatial distribution of WUE in the SRB showed a south-high, north-low, with high-value areas primarily in the southern part of Zone I, Zone II, the Changning Oasis and Jinchuan in Zone Ⅲ, and the Hexi Bao Oasis. Temporal analysis within the SRB indicated a decreasing trend in WUE across different ecological functional zones, notably most significant in ZonesⅢ. (2) The annual WUE of vegetation in the SRB exhibited a negative correlation with temperature, with large areas showing positive correlations in January-March, May, and September-December, and negative correlations in April and June-August. In contrast, the relationship between WUE and precipitation was consistently negative, with the strongest negative correlation observed in June. (3) In the SRB ecological functional Zones I-IV, the monthly WUE showed similar lagged and cumulative effects of temperature (TLA0-0) as the overall basin, while the effects of precipitation featured a three-month cumulative lag (TLA0-3).
Equilibrium Study of Logistics Demand and Logistics Resource Allocation in Guangdong Province
Authors: lianhua liu , yanling WU , Shiqi Lyu , Zexian chen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Logistics serve as a crucial link between production and consumption. The balanced allocation of logistics demand and resources can promote the balanced development of the logistics system, thereby fostering balanced regional economic development. As a region forefront China's reform and opening-up, Guangdong Province has a high level of economic development. The balanced allocation of logistics demand and resources in Guangdong will contribute to the continuous development of the economy. This paper explores the regional characteristics of logistics demand and resource allocation in Guangdong Province by examining between the spatial distribution and evolutionary characteristics of logistics demand and the equilibrium of logistics resource allocation. Firstly, based entropy weight method, this paper explores the development trends of logistics demand levels and logistics resource levels in Guangdong Province. Secondly, spatial autocorrelation analysis using the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of logistics demand in various cities in Guangdong Province in 2011, 2016, and 2021. Using 2021 cross-sectional data, the paper employs an inconsistency index constructed basised geographic concentration to investigate the inconsistency between logistics demand and resource allocation across cities in Guangdong Province. The study finds that logistics demand in Guangdong Province is continuously increasing, with significant regional differences. There is a certain degree of correlation in spatial distribution, showing a clustering trend. The allocation of logistics resources is not balanced across regions and has a certain degree of matching with the level of logistics demand. Specifically, areas with higher logistics demand tend to have more concentrated logistics resources. The Pearl River Delta region has the most abundant logistics resources, while many cities in northern and western Guangdong face severe shortages of logistics resources and are unable to meet normal logistics demand.
Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Crosslinked CGN-CMC Blended Hydrogels for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Media
Authors: Ahmad Sohaib , Alajmi Abdalrahman , Aldoghaim Maryam Saeed , Alrasheedi Muneera , Mohammed Ardelshifa M. E. , Sabir Aneela , Hafiz Abdul Mannan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study reports on a novel carrageenan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CGN-CMC) blended hydrogel synthesized using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a biodegradable crosslinker. This represents the first reported instance of using ECH as a crosslinker for CGN-CMC blends. The hydrogels were characterized using FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC, and AFM. Swelling and absorbance under load (AUL) measurements were conducted to evaluate water absorption characteristics. Characterization results revealed that CGN-CMC-ECH hydrogels exhibited a 5% increase in thermal stability, 40% enhancement in surface smoothness, and 45% improvement in water retention capacity compared to the precursor materials. This indicated that ECH led to a more stable and structurally enhanced hydrogel formation. The efficiency of the best-performing CGN-CMC-8ECH blend in removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions was evaluated. The influence of initial solution pH and metal ion concentration on adsorption was also investigated. The hydrogel achieved maximum removal efficiencies of 90% for Cu (II), 80% for Pb (II), and 78% for Ni (II). Isotherm analysis indicated multilayer sorption of all metal ions onto the hydrogel surface, aligning with the Freundlich model. The hydrogels showed significant potential as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for heavy metal remediation wastewater treatment applications.
Study on Strengthening Structure of Single Event Effect
Authors: Hao Minru , Wang Yuchen , Chen Danting , Li Jiajun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Based on the structure of inverter chain, the charge collection mechanism of bipolar amplification effect of NMOS device is studied. With the reduction of device size, bipolar amplification leads to the failure of the original charge collection model due to funnel and diffusion mechanism. Based on the damage mechanism of single event transient (SET) of MOS device, two classical reinforcement structures of source extended and drain extended are proposed, and effectively reduces the transient current of drain electrode. The reinforcement characteristics of the two structures are simulated, and they are compared and discussed. It is found that the reinforcement effect of the extended drain structure is more obvious. Therefore, the simulation results of new reinforcement structure provide valuable reference for research on irradiation reliability and application of strained MOS integrated circuit.
Determinants of Institutional Delivery in Afghanistan: A Secondary Analysis of Multi Indicator Cluster Surevey(MICS) 2022 and 2023 Data
Authors: Gardiwal Humayoon , Saeedzai Ataullah Saeedzai , Feroz Ferozuddin Feroz , Knight Jo Knight , Ukasha Mohammad Hassan Ukasha , Durrani Naseer Ahmad Durrani , Sayedzai Saifullah Sayedzai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Maternal mortality remains a critical public health issue in Afghanistan, with the country exhibiting one of the highest maternal mortality ratios (MMR) globally. Delivery of a baby within an institution is a vital indicator of maternal and newborn health. This study explored the association between institutional delivery and various socioeconomic factors, particularly maternal education, using data from the Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2022 and 2023. We analyzed data from over 12578 women of childbearing age to determine the influence of education, economic status, and geographic location on institutional delivery rates. Our findings indicate that higher maternal education and better economic conditions significantly increase the likelihood of institutional delivery, whereas rural residency and lower socioeconomic status remain substantial barriers. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address educational disparities and economic inequalities to improve maternal and child health outcomes in Afghanistan. This study provides critical insights for policymakers and public health professionals aiming to reduce the MMR in Afghanistan by promoting education and socioeconomic development.
A hybrid optimization algorithm of differential evolution and sine cosine algorithm
Authors: Wang Congqian , Wang Shasha , Zheng Zechen , Fan Chao , Wang Miao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper solves the shortcomings of the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) when applied to optimizing high-dimensional functions. This paper presents a hybrid optimization algorithm of differential evolution and sine cosine algorithm (DESCA), which combined the advantages of DE and SCA, and applied the spiral update in the WOA. Firstly, the same parameters r2 , r3 , and r4 are used to improve exploration and accelerate the convergence speed of the SCA. Secondly, the spiral update strategy of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is applied to update the SCA results, enhancing its exploitation. Finally, the SCA is implemented in the early stage of the DESCA, and the DE with DE/best/1 variation strategy is implemented in the late stage of the DESCA, which realizes the complementary advantages of the two algorithms and the exploration and exploitation of DESCA are well balanced. Simulation experiments on 23 benchmark functions, CEC 2014 and CEC 2020 illustrate that DESCA has higher optimization performance. In addition, two mechanical optimization problems are solved through the DESCA, which proves its practicability.
The inheritance of monoterpenes in hybrid populations of Vitis vinifera cultivars
Authors: Sun Qian , Liu Ruojin , Liu Zhenhua , Wang Huiling , Wang Xiaoyue , Yan Ailing , Ren Jiancheng , Xu Haying , Zhu Baoqing , Sun Lei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Monoterpenes were the most abundant terpenes in grapes and contribute significantly to quality control in table and wine grapes. Most inheritance research of monoterpenes in grapes was focused on wine grapes, and inheritance analyses of monoterpenes in intraspecific hybrid populations of table grapes have been limited. In this study, the composition and content of volatile monoterpenes in the parents and progeny were analysed using the Vitis vinifera table grape varieties ‘Italia’ and ‘Tamina’ and the F1 generation in two consecutive years. 25 and 24 monoterpenes were detected in each of the ‘Italia’ and ‘Tamina’ parents by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), while a total of 26 monoterpene compounds were identified in the progeny and subsequently quantified. We obtained phenotypic segregation ratios of the monoterpenes isolated in the progeny and found that the segregation of 4 monoterpenes, cis-Isogeraniol, neral, linalool oxide pyranoside and cis-Rose oxide, in the progeny was consistent with Mendelian inheritance. A significant high frequency distribution of most monoterpenes was found in the region of low concentration values, and the proportion of inheritance contributing to the phenotypic total variance of the population was calculated by generalised heritability. In addition, we found significant positive correlations between most monoterpenes and negative correlations between individual monoterpenes. The results will help to understand the heredity law of grape monoterpene formation in hybrid populations, as well as provide some theoretical enlightment for grape breeding and quality enhancement.
Relative Position Enhanced Self-Attention with Co-Aware Distillation
Authors: Chu Qinglong , Wang Haitao , He Jianfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The self-attention mechanism has been widely adopted in sequential recommendation due to its powerful sequence modeling capabilities. However, the inherent limitations of the self-attention mechanism pose challenges in effectively capturing global collaborative information across sequences and the relative positional information between items within a sequence. Firstly, the core operation of the self-attention mechanism involves calculating the similarity between item pairs within a single user’s sequence via the dot product of Query and Key. This approach is inherently limited in its ability to capture collaborative information across multiple user sequences. Secondly, due to the permutation-invariance property of the attention mechanism, it naturally lacks the capability to capture relative positional information. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel sequential recommendation method called Relative Position Enhanced Self-Attention with Collaborative-Aware Distillation (RPESA-CAD). First, we introduce a Collaborative-Aware Distillation module, which captures collaborative information across sequences by constructing a global item transition graph and distills this information into item embeddings, thereby enabling the model to effectively leverage global collaborative information. Additionally, a Relative Position Awareness module is proposed to model the relative positional relationships between item pairs. Unlike previous approaches, our method unifies the modeling of both positional and semantic differences between items, addressing the issue of performance degradation caused by disparate modeling strategies. We conduct extensive experiments on four public datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms several baseline models across various evaluation metrics, validating its effectiveness.
A service evaluation of the acceptability of DERM to patients and staff at three Community Diagnostic Hubs: study protocol for interviews
Authors: Hunt Harriet , Grigore Bogdan , Javan-Noughabi Javad , Zhelev Zhivko , Hyde Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
More rapid and efficient diagnosis of suspected skin cancers has been a target for improvement in the NHS for several years. DERM (Deep Ensemble for the Recognition of Melanoma) is a Class IIa UKCA-Certified Artificial Intelligence Medical Device which has been suggested could have a role in achieving this. Implementation projects have confirmed this where DERM is used to filter referrals which have already been made to hospital (post-referral clinical pathway). Attention has now turned to the possible role of the technology earlier in the clinical pathway, in community diagnostic hubs.
This protocol describes plans to assess how acceptable DERM is to patients and staff, and how satisfied patients and staff are with the service experienced in DERM skin cancer community diagnostic hubs. It is part of a wider service evaluation designed to answer the question: “What standard does this service achieve?” which also includes evaluation of the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness on introducing DERM.
Methods
This protocol details qualitative interview methods nested within a broader mixed methods study. Using responses to a background patient/health care worker satisfaction questionnaire as a starting point, up to30 patients and staff will be invited to take part in online qualitative interviews across three implementation sites. We will aim to include patients where photography has been deemed appropriate and patients have consented to take part on the DERM pathway. Data will be analysed thematically using framework analysis and summarised narratively.
Discussion
In combination with parallel investigations exploring DERM accessibility, test accuracy, effectiveness via a controlled before and after study, and cost-effectiveness, this service evaluation aims to describe the standard achieved by DERM used in community diagnostic hubs. This will in turn inform any further roll-out of the service identifying aspects for improvement and identifying barriers to adoption.