bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum metabolomics after exercise in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hanaoka Chad , Pichika Rajeswari , Dayanidhi Sudarshan , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether serum metabolomics differ between ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with individuals with typical development and whether functional capacity is associated with metabolite abundance.MethodThirty‐eight adolescents and young adults were enrolled (CP: n = 19; typical development: n = 19). After functional capacity testing (10‐meter walk, sit‐to‐stand, and peak knee flexion/extension torques), blood was drawn. Targeted serum metabolomics on hydrophilic metabolites were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution and tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolite dimensionality reduction, pathway analysis, fold change, and t‐tests evaluated changes in metabolite abundance. Associations were tested between functional measures and metabolite abundance.ResultsIndividuals with CP had a significant increase in the abundance of essential amino acids, catabolic products of protein metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates, such as valine, tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and pyruvate (p < 0.05). Importantly, the abundance of numerous metabolites was only highly associated with functional capacity in individuals with CP such that greater abundance was associated with greater capacity, but not in those with typical development.InterpretationOur findings show clear increases in serum metabolites in individuals with CP, which are associated with functional capacity for movement. The altered metabolite profile measured after exercise might reflect increased energy production needed for movement. Appropriate nutritional intake during exercise might be needed given increased energy requirements.
Language barriers and mental health problems of preschool children born very preterm in Germany
Authors: Jaekel Julia , Jaekel Nils , Härtel Christoph , Göpel Wolfgang , Herting Egbert , Felderhoff‐Müser Ursula , Huening Britta M. , Spiegler Juliane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimWe assessed whether behavioural and emotional problems of 5‐ to 6‐year‐old preschool children born very preterm (<32 weeks' gestation) are associated with an immigrant background and linguistic distance of their first language to the host country's official language, German.MethodThis is an observational longitudinal cohort study. Data are from the national multicentre German Neonatal Network cohort, including all very preterm births from 2009 onwards. A total of 3220 (n = 1570 female) children were followed up at preschool age; 629 (n = 324 female) of these had an immigrant background. Behavioural and emotional problems were assessed using the parent‐reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsMixed‐effects models showed that immigrant status alone was not associated with children's behavioural and emotional problems. However, a higher linguistic distance of the children's first language to German was associated with higher SDQ total problem scores (coefficient = 0.008, 95% confidence interval 0.002, 0.015), after adjusting for known confounders.InterpretationLanguage barriers in the form of linguistic distance between the first language of children born very preterm and countries' official languages are associated with increased risk for behavioural and emotional problems. More research is needed on how language barriers affect long‐term developmental outcomes of immigrant children born very preterm.
State‐of‐the‐art cranial ultrasound in clinical scenarios for infants born at term and near‐term
Authors: Valverde Eva , Ybarra Marta , Bravo Maria Carmen , Dudink Jeroen , Govaert Paul , Horsch Sandra , Steggerda Sylke , Pellicer Adelina ,   The EurUS.Brain Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeonates admitted to the intensive care unit are at risk of brain injury. Importantly, infants with signs of neurological impairment need prompt diagnosis to guide intervention. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is the first‐line imaging tool for infants born preterm. New developments in this technology, which now incorporates high‐resolution equipment, have notably improved the performance of CUS in infants born at term and near‐term. On the other hand, the potential of CUS as a diagnostic tool in older infants is less established. The lack of studies focusing on this topic, local protocol variability among clinical sites, and divergent opinions on CUS patterns of disease entities are the main constraints. This review provides an overview of state‐of‐the‐art CUS as a decision‐making tool under different clinical scenarios, such as neonatal encephalopathy, seizures, and suspected central nervous system infection. The CUS features that characterize several patterns supporting a diagnosis are detailed, focusing on haemorrhage and infection.
The impact of a minimum wage increase on hours worked: heterogeneous effects by gender and sector
Authors: Redmond Paul , McGuinness Seamus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA minimum wage increase could lead to adverse employment effects for certain subgroups of minimum wage workers, while leaving others unaffected. This heterogeneity could be overlooked in studies that examine the overall population of minimum wage workers. In this paper, we test for heterogeneous effects of a minimum wage increase on the hours worked of minimum wage employees in Ireland. For all minimum wage workers, we find that a 10% increase in the minimum wage leads to a one‐hour reduction in weekly hours worked, equating to an hours elasticity of approximately −0.3. However, for industry workers and those in the accommodation & food sector, the impact is larger, with elasticity −0.8. We also find a negative impact on the hours worked among men on minimum wage, with no significant effect for women. This is due to the disproportionate number of men working in sectors that show the greatest impact on hours. In line with suggestions from the recent literature, we attempt to identify directly those in receipt of minimum wage using hourly wage data, while also studying the dynamic impact on hours worked over multiple time periods using a fully flexible difference‐in‐differences estimator.
Echocardiography in Endocarditis
Authors: Greco Cosimo Angelo , Zaccaria Salvatore , Casali Giovanni , Nicolardi Salvatore , Albanese Miriam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTInfective endocarditis (IE) continues to have high rates of adverse outcomes, despite recent advances in diagnosis and management. Although the use of computer tomography and nuclear imaging appears to be increasing, echocardiography, widely available in most centers, is the recommended initial modality of choice to diagnose and consequently guide the management of IE in a timely‐dependent fashion. Echocardiographic imaging should be performed as soon as the IE diagnosis is suspected. Several factors may delay diagnosis, for example, echocardiography findings may be negative early in the disease course. Thus, repeated echocardiography is recommended in patients with negative initial echocardiography if high suspicion for IE persists in patients at high risk. However, systematic echocardiographic screening should not be utilized as a common tool for fever, but only in the presence of a reasonable clinical suspicion of IE. It may increase the risk of false‐positive rates of patients requiring IE therapy or may exacerbate diagnostic uncertainty about subtle findings. Considering the complexity of the disease, the echocardiographic use should be increasingly time‐efficient and should focus on the correct identification of IE lesions and associated complications. The path to identify patients who need surgery passes through an echocardiographic skill ensuring the identification of the cardiac anatomical structures and their involvement in the destructive infective extension. We pointed out the role of echocardiography focused on the correct identification of IE distinctive lesions and the associated complications, as part of a diagnostic strategy, within an integrated multimodality imaging, managed by an “endocarditis team”.
Fetal Hemoglobin Decrease During Voxelotor Treatment
Authors: De Luna Gonzalo , Habibi Anoosha , Moutereau Stéphane , Martino Suella , Alhamrouni Jamila , Morel Celia , Pelinski Yanis , Zaouali Yosr , Galactéros Frédéric , Bartolucci Pablo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVoxelotor modifies hemoglobin‐oxygen affinity improving anemia and reducing hemolysis in sickle cell patients. However, the impact of Voxelotor on fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels is unknown. We describe here variations of percentage of HbF measured by high performance liquid chromatography and mean corpuscular fetal Hb in a cohort of sickle cell patients treated with Voxelotor at Henri Mondor Sickle Cell Referral Center. Our data show a decrease in HbF levels in sickle cell patients after 6 months of treatment with Voxelotor, which is likely to be associated with an increase in the lifespan of red blood cells that are no longer prematurely removed from the circulation, particularly those with low HbF. This work raises the question of the risk of a rebound effect when stopping Voxelotor, which has a short half‐life, during the time it takes to increase HbF.
Comparing the effects of anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation of primary motor cortex at varying intensities on motor learning in healthy young adults
Authors: Mousavi Sheida , Mottahedi Amin , Ehsani Fatemeh , Delkhosh Cyrus Taghizadeh , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInconsistent results are observed in the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with different montages on motor learning. This study aimed to compare the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS (c‐tDCS) over primary motor cortex (M1) at different intensities on motor learning in healthy young adults. The participants were randomly divided into: (1) 1 mA M1 c‐tDCS, (2) 1 mA M1 anodal tDCS (a‐tDCS), (3) 2 mA M1 c‐tDCS, (4) 2 mA M1 a‐tDCS and (5) M1 sham tDCS groups. The groups received 20‐min stimulation with serial reaction time task (SRTT) incidentally, while the tDCS was turned off after 30 s in the sham tDCS group. Response time (RT) and error rate (ER) during SRTT were assessed prior, during and 72 h after the intervention. The results of the paired t‐test indicated that online learning occurred in all groups (p < 0.05), except in M1 c‐tDCS (1 mA) (p > 0.05). One‐way ANOVA analysis also indicated that there were differences in offline learning (RT (F(DF) = 5.19(4); p < 0.001; and ER (F(DF) = 9(4), p < 0.0001) among groups, with more offline learning in 1 mA M1 a‐tDCS, 2 mA M1 c‐tDCS and 2 mA M1 a‐tDCS groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the 1 mA M1 c‐tDCS group did not indicate any consolidation effect or even a trend toward negative offline learning. M1 a‐tDCS with different intensities and also 2 mA M1 c‐tDCS may be helpful for the enhancement of motor learning in young healthy adults. This study enhances our understanding of tDCS intensity and polarity effects on motor learning, with potential for optimizing therapeutic protocols.
Cortical activity in body balance tasks as a function of motor and cognitive demands: A systematic review
Authors: Monteiro Pedro Henrique Martins , Marcori Alexandre Jehan , da Conceição Núbia Ribeiro , Monteiro Rafael Luiz Martins , Coelho Daniel Boari , Teixeira Luis Augusto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTechnological tools, like electroencephalography and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy, have deepened our understanding of cortical regions involved in balance control. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to identify the prevalent cortical areas activated during balance tasks with specific motor or cognitive demands. Our search strategy encompassed terms related to balance control and cortical activity, yielding 2250 results across five databases. After screening, 67 relevant articles were included in the review. Results indicated that manipulations of visual and/or somatosensory information led to prevalent activity in the parietal, frontal and temporal regions; manipulations of the support base led to prevalent activity of the parietal and frontal regions; both balance‐cognitive dual‐tasking and reactive responses to extrinsic perturbations led to prevalent activity in the frontal and central regions. These findings deepen our comprehension of the cortical regions activated to manage the complex demands of maintaining body balance in the performance of tasks posing specific requirements. By understanding these cortical activation patterns, researchers and clinicians can develop targeted interventions for balance‐related disorders.
Effectiveness of antipsychotic drug therapy for treating psychosis in people with epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Arora Aryan , Prakash Priya , Rizzo Laura , Blackman Graham , David Anthony S. , Rogers Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndividuals with epilepsy are at risk of developing preictal, ictal, postictal and interictal psychoses. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are the main class of drugs used to treat psychosis and schizophrenia. The efficacy and safety of APDs as a treatment for epileptic psychosis is not well understood. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of APDs for treating psychosis in people with epilepsy. We adhered to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) from database inception to June 20, 2023. We contacted experts in the field and performed citation searches to identify additional records. Title, abstract, full‐text review, and data analysis were conducted in duplicate, with conflicts resolved by discussion among authors. Given the considerable heterogeneity of study designs, meta‐analysis was not deemed appropriate; instead, the results were tabulated in a narrative synthesis. The Joanna Briggs Institute Risk of Bias tool and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework were used to assess study quality. We identified 13 studies with a total of 1180 participants. In the four case series included, the psychotic symptoms of 25 of 28 patients treated with APDs partially improved or fully resolved. Three of the four cohort studies reported an association between antipsychotic use and longer duration of psychotic episodes, two found similar results in both APD and non‐APD groups, and two did not report control psychosis outcomes. When reported, seizure frequency was observed to remain unchanged or decrease following APD treatment. The evidence on the effectiveness of antipsychotics in the treatment of psychosis in epilepsy is inconclusive and may reflect confounding by indication. However, most studies suggest that antipsychotics were not associated with a marked worsening in seizure frequency. It remains unclear whether antipsychotics should be used in epilepsy, and well‐controlled cohort studies and randomized controlled trials are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of non‐traditional therapies for infectious endometritis in mares
Authors: Mazzuchini Mariana P. , Lisboa Fernando Paixão , de Castro Jessica I. , Alvarenga Marco A. , Segabinazzi Lorenzo G. T. M. , Canisso Igor F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndometritis is the leading cause of subfertility in horses, and it is a clinical problem where historically antibiotics have not always been used with prudent justification. Because of this, alternative therapies to treat endometritis are necessary for the rational use of antibiotics.ObjectivesTo assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of non‐traditional therapies commonly used in clinical practice against microorganisms causing infectious endometritis in mares.Study designIn vitro experiments.MethodsA microdilution technique was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50%, 90% and 100% of microorganisms and the percentage of inhibition (PI) of each therapy against each microorganism (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp.). The MIC 50% and 90% were determined using non‐linear regression, while MIC 100% was assessed using the resazurin dye technique. The serial PI was evaluated for each therapy using a spectrophotometer.ResultsAll the therapies demonstrated a PI higher than positive controls for all microorganisms (p < 0.05); however, the only therapies that presented MIC 100 values were hydrogen peroxide and platelet‐rich and ‐poor plasma.Main limitationsIn vivo, safety and treatment efficacy were not tested.ConclusionHydrogen peroxide and platelet‐rich and ‐poor plasma might be alternatives to traditional therapies for endometritis to support a reduction in antibiotic use.
Induction of Ca2+ signaling and cytotoxic responses of human lung fibroblasts upon an antihistamine drug oxatomide treatment and evaluating the protective effects of Ca2+ chelating
Authors: Liang Wei‐Zhe , Hsieh Kai‐Wei , Yang Zong‐Da , Sun Gwo‐Ching 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOxatomide, an antihistamine drug of the diphenylmethylpiperazine family, has anti‐inflammatory effects in airway disease. Because oxatomide was shown to cause diverse physiological responses in several cell models, the impact of oxatomide on Ca2+ signaling and its related physiological effects has not been explored in IMR‐90 human fetal lung fibroblasts.ObjectivesThis study assessed the effect of oxatomide on cell viability and intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and examined whether oxatomide‐induced cytotoxicity through Ca2+ signaling in IMR‐90 cells.MethodsCell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST‐1). [Ca2+]i was measured by the Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent dye fura‐2.ResultsOxatomide (10–40 μM) concentration dependently reduced cell viability and induced [Ca2+]i rises in IMR‐90 cells. This cytotoxic effect was reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA‐AM. In terms of Ca2+ signaling, oxatomide‐caused Ca2+ entry was inhibited by modulators of store‐operated Ca2+ channels (2‐APB and SKF96365) and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (GF109203X). Furthermore, oxatomide‐induced Ca2+ influx was confirmed by Mn2+‐induced quench of fura‐2 fluorescence. In a Ca2+‐free medium, preincubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin inhibited oxatomide‐evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with oxatomide abolished thapsigargin‐induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 also inhibited oxatomide‐caused [Ca2+]i rises.ConclusionIn IMR‐90 cells, oxatomide‐induced cytotoxicity by preceding [Ca2+]i rises involving PKC‐sensitive store‐operated Ca2+ entry and PLC‐dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. BAPTA‐AM, with its Ca2+ chelating effects, may be a potential compound for preventing oxatomide‐induced cytotoxicity.
Prediction on Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Fishing Ground in Waters Near the Marshall Islands Based on SMOTETomek‐RF
Authors: Zhang Meng , Song Liming , Pan Chen , Wang Linhui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study monitored 37 longliners fishing in waters near the Marshall Islands from 2020 to 2022 by Liancheng Overseas Fishery (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.'s operation management system. This study developed nine predictive models on the relationship between catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the environmental data. The environmental data integrate 48 variables, including eddy kinetic energy, chlorophyll a concentration, sea surface height, and additional measures of vertical oceanic conditions, alongside spatiotemporal parameters (year, month, day, longitude, and latitude). This study employed four spatial resolutions (0.25° × 0.25°, 0.5° × 0.5°, 1° × 1°, and 2° × 2°) to develop nine predictive models: KNN, RF, GBDT, CART, LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, AdaBoost, and Stacking (RF, KNN, GBDT, and LR). These models, with a daily time resolution, were trained using 75% of the data and tested with the remaining 25%. The optimal spatial resolution and model were determined through a comprehensive comparison of model evaluation metrics across these spatial resolutions. The SMOTETomek algorithm was then applied to resample 75% of the data at the optimal spatial resolution, forming a new training dataset. This dataset was used to refine the model, subsequently tested with the remaining 25% of the data. Results indicated that (1) the optimal spatial resolution is 0.25° × 0.25° and the optimal model is RF; (2) the SMOTETomek algorithm enhances the model's predictive performance; and (3) the developed SMK‐RF model, exhibiting Acc and AUC values of 76.73% and 82.47%, respectively, accurately predicts the central fishing grounds for yellowfin tuna, consisting closely with actual fishing activity.
Moderate haemophilia A: Recommendations from a Spanish panel of experts
Authors: Álvarez Román Maria Teresa , Bonanad Santiago , Calvo Villas Jose Manuel , López Maria Fernanda , Marco Pascual , Núñez Ramiro , Benítez Olga , López‐Jaime Francisco‐José 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosing moderate haemophilia A (MHA) solely based on deficient FVIII protein levels limits its optimal management and delays the initiation of prophylaxis. Updating protocols and incorporating new variables into its diagnosis could prevent underestimating disease severity, avoiding early arthropathies and impairing patients' quality of life.AimTo propose recommendations to improve the comprehensive management of people with MHA.MethodsRecommendations from a Spanish panel of eight experts from public comprehensive care centres (CCCs) for people with haemophilia and over 140 people with MHA in follow‐up. In a previous analysis, the panel identified the unmet needs of people with MHA and the necessity to develop new specific recommendations for their management.ResultsThe panel proposed recommendations in four areas: diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up and referrals. They detailed the necessary steps and procedures for the diagnosis, adding other variables to the FVIII levels like bleeding phenotype, genetic profile and joint status to specify the severity and risk classification of people with MHA. Experts proposed an algorithm with unique independent criteria to facilitate the decision to initiate prophylaxis, where the recommended FVIII levels and variables coexist for treatment decision‐making. Follow‐up proposals addressed periodicity, recommended tests and required visits to CCCs. For referrals, experts proposed criteria and situations considered urgent for a transfer to a CCC for haemophilia patients.ConclusionThe proposals agreed upon by this expert panel can contribute to update and optimize the management of people with MHA, delaying joint deterioration, pain and disabilities, and improving their quality of life.