bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling recommender systems via weighted bipartite network
Authors: Xia Jianxun , Wu Fei , Xiong Zenggang , Qiu Meikang , Xie Changsheng 
Published: August 2016

SummaryRecommender systems have shown great potential to address information overload problems, namely, to help users find interesting and relevant objects within a huge information space. To achieve more accurate recommendation, in this paper, we proposed a recommendation algorithm Improved weighted Network‐Based Inference (INBIw) that improves on the original weighted network‐based inference by introducing a tunable parameter β to depress the influence of high‐degree nodes. In order to evaluate the recommendation performance of INBIw, ranking position rate and hitting rate are calculated. The results of experiment based on MovieLens data set show that the INBIw outperforms previous methods, including the global ranking method, collaborative filtering, network‐based inference, and weighted network‐based inference with respect to ranking position rate and hitting rate. Specifically, it performs well and gives a more accurate prediction. After further analysis, we discovered that the recommendation results of INBIw are insensitive to the amount of data and length of the recommendation list. Thus, INBIw can deal with data sparsity and is able to satisfy the varied requirements of real situations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Enzyme‐based 1:2 Demultiplexer Interfaced with an Electrochemical Actuator
Authors: Fratto Brian E. , Guz Nataliia , Fallon Tyler T. , Katz Evgeny 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn enzyme‐based 1:2 demultiplexer is designed in a flow system composed of three cells where each one is modified with a different enzyme: hexokinase, glucose dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase. The Input signal activating the biocatalytic cascade is represented by glucose, while the Address signal represented by ATP is responsible for directing the Input signal to one of the output channels, depending on the logic value of the Address. The biomolecular 1:2 demultiplexer is extended to include two electrochemical actuators releasing entrapped DNA molecules in the active output channel. The modular design of the system allows for easy exchange and extension of the functional elements. The present demultiplexer can be easily integrated in various biomolecular logic systems, including different logic gates based on the enzyme‐ or DNA‐based reactions, as well as containing different chemical actuators, for example, with a biomolecular release function.
Smart, Sustainable, and Ecofriendly Chemical Design of Fully Bio‐Based Thermally Stable Thermosets Based on Benzoxazine Chemistry
Authors: Froimowicz Pablo , R. Arza Carlos , Han Lu , Ishida Hatsuo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA smart synthetic chemical design incorporating furfurylamine, a natural renewable amine, into a partially bio‐based coumarin‐containing benzoxazine is presented. The versatility of the synthetic approach is shown to be flexible and robust enough to be successful under more ecofriendly reaction conditions by replacing toluene with ethanol as the reaction solvent and even under solventless conditions. The chemical structure of this coumarin‐furfurylamine‐containing benzoxazine is characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and two‐dimensional 1H–1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D 1H–1H NOESY). The thermal properties of the resin toward polymerization are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the thermal stability of the resulting polymers by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results reveal that the furanic moiety induces a co‐operative activating effect, thus lowering the polymerization temperature and also contributes to a better thermal stability of the resulting polymers. These results, in addition to those of natural renewable benzoxazine resins reviewed herein, highlight the positive and beneficial implication of designing novel bio‐based polybenzoxazine and possibly other thermosets with desirable and competitive properties.
Cdk5 is required for the positioning and survival of GABAergic neurons in developing mouse striatum
Authors: Sasamoto Kodai , Nagai Jun , Nakabayashi Takeru , He Xiaojuan , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTCyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase, and its activity is dependent upon an association with a neuron‐specific activating subunit. It was previously reported that Cdk5−/− mice exhibit perinatal lethality and defective neuronal positioning. In this study, they focused on the analysis of neuronal positioning of GABAergic neurons in the forebrain. Defective formation of the ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercles was found in Cdk5−/− embryos. To further study this abnormal development, we generated and analyzed Dlx5/6‐Cre p35 conditional KO (cKO); p39−/− mice in which forebrain GABAergic neurons have lost their Cdk5 kinase activity. Defective formation of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercles as well as neuronal loss in the striatum of Dlx5/6‐Cre p35cKO; p39−/− mice was found. Elevated levels of phosphorylated JNK were observed in neonatal striatal samples from Dlx5/6‐Cre p35cKO; p39−/− mice, suggestive of neuronal death. These results indicate that Cdk5 is required for the formation of the ventral striatum in a cell‐autonomous manner, and loss of the kinase activity of Cdk5 causes GABAergic neuronal death in the developing mouse forebrain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
Improving the accuracy of estimates of animal path and travel distance using GPS drift‐corrected dead reckoning
Authors: Dewhirst Oliver P. , Evans Hannah K. , Roskilly Kyle , Harvey Richard J. , Hubel Tatjana Y. , Wilson Alan M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRoute taken and distance travelled are important parameters for studies of animal locomotion. They are often measured using a collar equipped with GPS. Collar weight restrictions limit battery size, which leads to a compromise between collar operating life and GPS fix rate. In studies that rely on linear interpolation between intermittent GPS fixes, path tortuosity will often lead to inaccurate path and distance travelled estimates. Here, we investigate whether GPS‐corrected dead reckoning can improve the accuracy of localization and distance travelled estimates while maximizing collar operating life. Custom‐built tracking collars were deployed on nine freely exercising domestic dogs to collect high fix rate GPS data. Simulations were carried out to measure the extent to which combining accelerometer‐based speed and magnetometer heading estimates (dead reckoning) with low fix rate GPS drift correction could improve the accuracy of path and distance travelled estimates. In our study, median 2‐dimensional root‐mean‐squared (2D‐RMS) position error was between 158 and 463 m (median path length 16.43 km) and distance travelled was underestimated by between 30% and 64% when a GPS position fix was taken every 5 min. Dead reckoning with GPS drift correction (1 GPS fix every 5 min) reduced 2D‐RMS position error to between 15 and 38 m and distance travelled to between an underestimation of 2% and an overestimation of 5%. Achieving this accuracy from GPS alone would require approximately 12 fixes every minute and result in a battery life of approximately 11 days; dead reckoning reduces the number of fixes required, enabling a collar life of approximately 10 months. Our results are generally applicable to GPS‐based tracking studies of quadrupedal animals and could be applied to studies of energetics, behavioral ecology, and locomotion. This low‐cost approach overcomes the limitation of low fix rate GPS and enables the long‐term deployment of lightweight GPS collars.
Predation or scavenging? Prey body condition influences decision‐making in a facultative predator, the wolverine
Authors: Mattisson Jenny , Rauset Geir Rune , Odden John , Andrén Henrik , Linnell John D. C. , Persson Jens 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe interaction between predators and their prey is a key factor driving population dynamics and shaping wildlife communities. Most predators will scavenge in addition to killing their own prey, which alters predation effects and implies that one cannot treat these as independent processes. However, the relative importance of predation vs. scavenging and the mechanisms driving variation of such are relatively unstudied in ecological research on predator–prey relationships. Foraging decisions in facultative predators are likely to respond to environmental conditions (e.g., seasonality) and inter‐ or intraspecific interactions (e.g., prey availability, presence of top predators, scavenging competition). Using data on 41 GPS‐collared wolverines (Gulo gulo) during 2401 monitoring days, in four study sites in Scandinavia, we studied variation in diet and feeding strategies (predation vs. scavenging), along a gradient of environmental productivity, seasonality, density, and body mass of their main prey, semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). The most important factor affecting the relative extent of predation and scavenging was mean prey body mass. Predation was more pronounced in summer, when vulnerable reindeer calves are abundant, and individual kill rates were negatively related to local reindeer body mass. This relationship was absent in winter. The probability of scavenging was higher in winter and increased with decreasing local reindeer body mass, likely as a response to increased carrion supply. Wolverine feeding strategy was further influenced by predictable anthropogenic food resources (e.g., slaughter remains from hunted ungulates) and the presence of a top predator, Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), which provided a continuous carrion supply promoting scavenging. Our results suggest that wolverine feeding strategies are flexible and strongly influenced by seasonally dependent responses to prey body condition in combination with carrion supply. This study demonstrates that large‐scale environmental variation can result in contrasting predator feeding strategies, strongly affecting trophic interactions and potentially shaping the dynamics of ecological communities.
Field‐Induced Single‐Ion‐Magnetic Behavior of Octahedral CoII in a Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer
Authors: Mondal Amit Kumar , Khatua Sajal , Tomar Kapil , Konar Sanjit 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Dr. Sanjit Konar from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India. The cover image shows field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation of an octahedral CoII center in a two‐dimensional coordination polymer. The rare [4+4] metallocyclic building blocks lead to separated, magnetically isolated CoII centers, which show slow relaxation.
Electrochemical Detection of Cardiac Biomarkers Utilizing Electrospun Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Embedded SU‐8 Nanofibers
Authors: Prakash M. Durga , Singh S. G. , Sharma C. S. , Krishna V. Siva Rama 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate synthesis and characterization of MWCNTs embedded SU‐8 electrospun nanofibers and their application towards ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers using Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The composite nanofibers have excellent electrical and transduction properties owing to the presence of MWCNTs in addition to ease of functionalization and biocompatibility, which can be attributed to the presence of SU‐8. Thus the synthesized nanofibers are ideal candidates for sensitive biosensor applications. As a proof concept, the detection of cardiac biomarkers, Myoglobin (Myo), cardiac Troponin I (cTn I) and Creatine Kinase MB (CK‐MB) is demonstrated. The synthesized nanofibers were functionalized with the antibodies of the biomarkers and the detection was carried using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, an excellent technique for understanding the adsorption kinetics. A minimum detection limit of nano‐gram/ml is demonstrated using this nanobiosensor platform.
Electrochemiluminescence of Acridines
Authors: Majeed Saadat , Gao Wenyue , Zholudov Yuriy , Muzyka Kateryna , Xu Guobao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAcridines play an important role in various fields of sciences. Besides their application for treatment of a number of infections, cancer, viral and prion diseases, they have been extensively used in chemiluminescence. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a unique kind of chemiluminescence with the precise temporal and spatial control of light emitting reactions by utilizing electrochemistry techniques. These advantages result in increasing attention towards acridines ECL. This review summarizes acridines used in ECL, ECL mechanisms, strategies for increasing ECL intensities, and ECL analytical applications, as well as prospects the future development of acridine ECL.
Dimensional Analysis of Auger‐Type Fast Pyrolysis Reactors
Authors: Funke Axel , Henrich Edmund , Dahmen Nicolaus , Sauer Jörg 
Published: August 2016

AbstractModeling of fast pyrolysis reactors is challenging, even with state of the art computational tools and design, because rules to scale up well‐running fast pyrolysis reactors are missing. Dimensional analysis is a classical tool to evaluate complex processes on a scientific basis and its application to fast pyrolysis is presented herein. Using the example of auger‐type fast pyrolysis reactors, it is shown that scale‐up can be reduced to a set of simple design rules. Full similarity of reaction conditions can never be achieved for fast pyrolysis in general, but it is shown which similarities are affected and to which extent they change. Dimensionless numbers derived from this analysis can even be used to describe the influence of parameters on the reactor performance; however, a significant reduction in complexity is required to achieve a practical relevance list. Strategies are outlined to achieve such a reduction based on partial similarities of rate‐determining steps.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Calendered Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Schilcher Christiane , Meyer Chris , Kwade Arno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLithium manganese oxide in a spinel structure (LiMn2O4, LMO) is a cathode material of non‐toxicity, low costs, and a high electrochemical potential. In contrast manganese dissolution, structural fatigue, and microcracks lead to poor cycling stability and capacity fading. Regarding a basic understanding of the influence of the calendering process and the consequent electrode structure on the life span of sensitive active materials, cathodes with various coating densities have been manufactured and analyzed in terms of structural and mechanical properties. Consequences of high mechanical stress applied by calendering in order to achieve the desired cathode densities are breakages of the active material particles, leading to a diminished life span during the electrochemical characterization. An optimal coating density of ca. 2 g cm−3 for the investigated cathodes as a compromise of C‐rate performance, due to electrical conductivity, and long‐term cycling has been found.
Cobalt Oxide–Tin Core–Shell Nanowire Arrays as High‐Performance Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Man , Du Ning , Wu Hao , Liu Wei , Chen Yifan , Zhao Wenjia , Yang Deren 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoth cobalt oxide and tin are electrochemically active materials, and can be integrated into hybrid core–shell nanowire structures that can participate in lithium‐ion insertion‐deinsertion process. We demonstrate the synthesis of cobalt oxide–tin (Co3O4–Sn) core–shell nanowire arrays by the hydrothermal synthesis of Co3O4 nanowire arrays and subsequent deposition of the tin layer via a RF‐sputtering method. When used as anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries, the Co3O4–Sn core–shell nanowire electrodes show better cyclability and enhanced rate capacities compared to bare Co3O4 electrodes. The improved performance can be attributed to the introduction of the tin layer, which improves the electrical conductivity and structural stability of the Co3O4 nanowire arrays.
Wildfire effects on road surface erosion, deposition, and road–stream connectivity
Authors: Sosa‐Pérez Gabriel , MacDonald Lee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHigh and moderate severity wildfires should increase sediment production from unpaved roads due to the increased surface runoff from upslope, and increase road–stream connectivity due to the decrease in downslope surface roughness as well as the increase in surface runoff and erosion. Because no study has documented these effects, we surveyed road surface erosion features and quantified road–stream connectivity as a function of fire severity and road segment characteristics. The data were collected one year after the High Park wildfire from 141 hydrologically distinct road segments along 6.8 km of an unpaved road west of Fort Collins, Colorado. Road segments below areas burned at high and moderate severity had significantly more rills than road segments below areas that burned at low severity. Road segment slope was an important control on the proportion of segment length with rills, and the strength of the relationship between road segment slope and the amount of rilling increased with burn severity. Flatter road segments tended to capture the sediment eroded from upslope burned areas. In areas burned at high and moderate severity all of the road segments had drainage features extending to a stream, and 78% of the segments in areas burned at low severity also were connected. These exceptionally high rates of road–stream connectivity are attributed to the increased runoff from upslope, the segment‐scale collection and funneling of hillslope and road surface runoff to a single drainage point, and the reduced infiltration and trapping capacity of the burned area below the road. The results show the need to either outslope the roads or increase the frequency of constructed drainage features after wildfires, particularly for steeper road segments in areas burned at high or moderate severity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Gas Chromatography in Search of the Origin of Biomolecular Asymmetry in Outer Space
Authors: Myrgorodska Iuliia , Javelle Thomas , Meinert Cornelia , Meierhenrich Uwe J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSince the pioneering work of Emanuel Gil‐Av and his associates at the Weizmann Institute of Science the direct gas chromatographic resolution of enantiomers has found its application in different fields of natural sciences, even expanding to space research and astrobiology. In these domains the resolution of chiral molecules of prebiotic relevance is of particular interest, since the determination of ratios between l‐ and d‐enantiomers within non‐terrestrial samples is assumed to shed light on the origin of biomolecular homochirality and the beginnings of life itself. According to an astrophysical scenario, the first molecular symmetry breaking event occurred upon irradiation of chiral organic molecules with circularly polarized light present in the interstellar medium. To examine this hypothesis, among others, chiral gas chromatographic stationary phases have been widely used to provide the differentiation of enantiomers in extracts of meteorites, samples of simulated interstellar ices and Mars soil analogues. Moreover several chiral capillary columns have been selected for in situ analyses of extraterrestrial organic matter by Mars missions and the cometary Rosetta mission. This review will highlight current advances of enantioselective gas chromatography applied to space science.
Nano‐Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O Core‐shell Composite: A Convenient Magnetic Separable Catalyst for A3 and KA2 Coupling
Authors: Elhampour Ali , Nemati Firouzeh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn eco‐efficient one‐pot three component reaction between different aldehydes or ketones with alkynes and amines for the synthesis of propargylamines was performed using Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O as a nano‐magnetic composite under solvent free condition. The catalyst showed remarkable catalytic activity by decreasing the time of the reaction in comparison of other reported magnetic catalysts. In addition, the Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O can be easily recycled and reutilized for five times without apparent loss of catalytic activity.
Poly(cytosine)‐templated Silver Nanoclusters as Fluorescent Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Uric Acid
Authors: Li Yanle , Gong Nianchun , Jiang Xi , Zheng Xiaofang , Wang Yaya , Huan Shuangyan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUric acid (UA) is an important biomarker in urine and serum samples for early diagnosis. This study re‐ ports a fluorescent biosensor based on Poly(cytosine)‐templated silver nanoclusters (C‐Ag NCs) and uricase for the highly sensitive and fast detection of UA. The strong fluorescence of the C‐Ag NCs prepared from poly (cytosine) nucleotides templates could be sensitively quenched by trace amount of H2O2, which produced from oxidation reaction of UA catalyzed by uricase. This biosensor exhibits two linear ranges as 50 nM∼50 μM and 50 μM∼400 μM, with a detection limit of 50 nM. The sensitivity of the biosensor is considerably improved compared with the methods reported in the literature. Furthermore, the detection ability of uric acid in serum samples is confirmed and this C‐Ag NCs‐based uric acid biosensor shows good promise of practical application.
Androgen deprivation causes selective deficits in the biomechanical leg muscle function of men during walking: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Cheung Ada S. , Gray Hans , Schache Anthony G. , Hoermann Rudolf , Lim Joon Daryl , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Pandy Marcus G. , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough muscle mass declines with testosterone deficiency in men, previous studies of muscle function have not demonstrated consistent deficits, likely due to relatively insensitive methodology. Our objective was to determine the effects of testosterone deprivation on the biomechanical function of individual lower‐limb muscles.MethodsWe conducted a 12‐month prospective, observational case–control study of 34 men newly commencing androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) for prostate cancer and 29 age‐matched prostate cancer controls. Participants were assessed at 0, 6, and 12 months while walking in a biomechanics laboratory. We combined video‐based motion capture and ground reaction force data with computerized musculoskeletal modelling to assess the following primary outcomes: (i) peak joint torques at the hip, knee and ankle, and corresponding individual muscle forces; (ii) individual muscle contributions to acceleration of the body's centre of mass; and (iii) walking speed, stride length, and step width. A linear mixed model was used to compare mean differences between groups.ResultsCompared with controls over 12 months, men receiving ADT had a mean reduction in total testosterone level from 14.1 to 0.4 nmol/L, and demonstrated more marked decreases in peak hip flexor torque by 14% [mean difference −0.11 N/kg (−0.19, −0.03), P = 0.01] and peak knee extensor torque by 16% [−0.11 N/kg (−0.20, −0.02), P = 0.02] of the initial mean value. Correspondingly, iliopsoas force decreased by 14% (P = 0.006), and quadriceps force decreased by 11%, although this narrowly missed statistical significance (P = 0.07). Soleus decreased contribution to forward acceleration of the body's centre of mass by 17% [mean difference −0.17 m/s2 (−0.29, −0.05), P < 0.01]. No significant changes between groups were observed in other joint torques or individual muscle contributions to acceleration of the body. Step width increased by 18% [mean adjusted difference 1.4 cm (0.6, 27.4), P = 0.042] in the ADT group compared with controls, with no change in stride length or walking speed.ConclusionsTestosterone deprivation selectively decreases lower‐limb muscle function, predominantly affecting muscles that support body weight, accelerate the body forwards during walking, and mediate balance. Future exercise and pro‐myogenic interventional studies to mitigate ADT‐associated sarcopenia should target these deficits.