bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the Voluminous Subsurface Structures of Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Hurwitz Shaul , Shelly David R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOld Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park has attracted scientific research for almost a century and a half. Temperature and pressure measurements and video recordings in the geyser's conduit led to proposals of many quantitative eruption models. Nevertheless, information on the processes that initiate the geyser's eruption in the subsurface remained limited. Two new studies, specifically Wu et al. (2017) and Ward and Lin (2017), take advantage of recent developments in seismic data acquisition technology and processing methods to illuminate subsurface structures. Using a dense array of three‐component nodal geophones, these studies delineate subsurface structures on a scale larger than previously realized, which exert control on the spectacular eruptions of Old Faithful geyser.
Solar Cycle Occurrence of Alfvénic Fluctuations and Related Geo‐Efficiency
Authors: Tanskanen E. I. , Snekvik K. , Slavin J. A. , Pérez‐Suárez D. , Viljanen A. , Goldstein M. L. , Käpylä M. J. , Hynönen R. , Häkkinen L. V. T. , Mursula K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examine solar wind intervals with Alfvénic fluctuations (ALFs) in 1995–2011. The annual number, the total annual duration, and the average length of ALFs vary over the solar cycle, having a maximum in 2003 and a minimum in 2009. ALFs are most frequent in the declining phase of solar cycle, when the number of high‐speed streams at the Earth's vicinity is increased. There is a rapid transition after the maximum of solar cycle 23 from ALFs being mainly embedded in slow solar wind (<400 km/s) until 2002 to ALFs being dominantly in fast solar wind (>600 km/s) since 2003. Cross helicity increased by 30% from 2002 to 2003 and maximized typically 4–6 h before solar wind speed maximum. Cross helicity remained elevated for several days for highly Alfvénic non‐ICME streams, but only for a few hours for ICMEs. The number of substorms increased by about 40% from 2002 to 2003, and the annual number of substorms closely follows the annual cross helicity. This further emphasizes the role of Alfvénic fluctuations in modulating substorm activity. The predictability of substorm frequency and size would be greatly improved by monitoring solar wind Alfvénic fluctuations in addition to the mean values of the important solar wind parameters.
Extreme Value Analysis of Induced Geoelectric Field in South Africa
Authors: Lotz S. I. , Danskin D. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtreme geomagnetic disturbances occur rarely but can have great impact on technological systems such as power supply networks. Long‐term planning for extreme events requires the estimation of event impact for occurrence periods greater than the length of observed data. With this in mind an analysis of extreme geomagnetic events observed in South Africa (middle geomagnetic latitude) is performed over four solar cycles (1974–2015). An algorithm to identify active periods with minimumSYM‐H ≤−100 nT is demonstrated. The sum of induced electric field over the course of each event is used to characterize the severity of each active period. It is found that the severity index (accumulated electric field magnitudeΣE) shares a highly linear relationship with accumulatedSYM‐Hover each event. The index ΣEis lognormal distributed, with tail deviating greater than lognormal, confirming heavy‐tailed occurrence. A general Pareto distribution is fitted to the tail of the distribution and extrapolated to calculate the return levels of extreme events. Return levels of once in 100 and once in 200 year events are estimated to be 9.4 × 104 mV/km min and 1.09 × 105 mV/km min, respectively. The top three events, in ascending order of severity, are the March 1989 storm, the events of late October 2003, and the April 1994 event—a long interval of coronal‐hole driven disturbances, bookended by two intense geomagnetic storms.
Relationship Between Poverty and Mortality in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yelin Edward , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveA prior study established that concurrent poverty, persistent poverty, and exiting poverty were associated with the subsequent extent of damage accumulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we examined whether concurrent poverty affects mortality after taking extent of damage accumulation into account.MethodsAnalyses were conducted on 807 persons with SLE participating in the University of California–San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study in 2009, stratified by whether they lived in households with incomes ≤125% of the federal poverty level in that year. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of mortality as a function of poverty status, with and without adjustment for demographics; lupus status, including extent of disease damage; overall health status; health behaviors; and health care characteristics.ResultsAmong 807 individuals interviewed in 2009, 71 (8.8%) had died by 2015, 57 (8.3%) among the nonpoor and 14 (12.1%) among the poor (P = 0.18). With adjustment only for age, poverty in 2009 was associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.18–3.88]) through 2015. However, after adjustment for extent of damage and age, poverty was no longer associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.68 [95% CI 0.91–3.10]). Among those who died, those who were poor lived 13.9 fewer years (95% CI 6.9–20.8; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe principal way that poverty results in higher mortality in SLE is by increasing the extent of damage accumulation.
Improved Hand Function, Self‐Rated Health, and Decreased Activity Limitations: Results After a Two‐Month Hand Osteoarthritis Group Intervention
Authors: Bjurehed Linda , Brodin Nina , Nordenskiöld Ulla , Björk Mathilda 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects on hand function, activity limitations, and self‐rated health of a primary care hand osteoarthritis (OA) group intervention. Hand OA causes pain, impaired mobility, and reduced grip force, which cause activity limitations. OA group interventions in primary care settings are sparsely reported.MethodsSixty‐four individuals with hand OA agreed to participate; 15 were excluded due to not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The 49 remaining (90% female) participated in an OA group intervention at a primary care unit with education, paraffin wax bath, and hand exercise over a 6‐week period. Data were collected at baseline, end of intervention, and after 1 year. Instruments used were the Grip Ability Test (GAT), the Signals of Functional Impairment (SOFI), dynamometry (grip force), hand pain at rest using a visual analog scale (VAS), the Patient‐Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick‐DASH), and the EuroQol VAS (EQ VAS). Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics.ResultsHand function, activity limitation, and self‐rated health significantly improved from baseline to end of intervention, grip force (right hand: P < 0.001; left hand: P = 0.008), SOFI (P = 0.011), GAT (P < 0.001), hand pain at rest (P < 0.001), PSFS (1: P = 0.008, 2: P < 0.001, and 3: P = 0.004), Quick‐DASH (P = 0.001), and EQ VAS (P = 0.039), and the effects were sustained after 1 year.ConclusionThe hand OA group intervention in primary care improves hand function, activity limitation, and self‐rated health. The benefits are sustained 1 year after completion of the intervention.
Oxidative Coupling of â‐O‐4′ Dilignol Models Leading to Polycyclic Products with Rare Interlignol Linkages
Authors: Peng Chang , Liu Wujun , Ning Siyang , Ge Guangbo , Zhao Zongbao K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOur capability to utilize lignin as a renewable resource has been continuously expanding thanks to the information acquired through in‐depth studies with various model compounds. Herein, efficient routes were devised to assemble biomass‐derived building blocks for functionalized â‐O‐4′ dilignol models. Oxidative coupling of these dilignols with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents led to two series of highly fused polycyclic products, dibenzo[b,d]oxepine and 2,7‐dioxabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane derivatives. These products contain rare interlignol C−C and C−O linkages and are otherwise difficult to synthesize. Preliminary studies suggested that some of these products had moderate anticancer activity.
P−B Desulfurization: An Enabling Method for Protein Chemical Synthesis and Site‐Specific Deuteration
Authors: Jin Kang , Li Tianlu , Chow Hoi Yee , Liu Han , Li Xuechen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCysteine‐mediated native chemical ligation is a powerful method for protein chemical synthesis. Herein, we report an unprecedentedly mild system (TCEP/NaBH4 or TCEP/LiBEt3H; TCEP=tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine) for chemoselective peptide desulfurization to achieve effective protein synthesis via the native chemical ligation–desulfurization approach. This method, termed P−B desulfurization, features usage of common reagents, simplicity of operation, robustness, high yields, clean conversion, and versatile functionality compatibility with complex peptides/proteins. In addition, this method can be used for incorporating deuterium into the peptides after cysteine desulfurization by running the reaction in D2O buffer. Moreover, this method enables the clean desulfurization of peptides carrying post‐translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and crotonylation. The effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated by the synthesis of the cyclic peptides dichotomin C and E and synthetic proteins, including ubiquitin, γ‐synuclein, and histone H2A.
Quantifying Guest Exchange in Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Avram Liat , Wishard Anthony D. , Gibb Bruce C. , Bar‐Shir Amnon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ability to accurately determine and quantitatively evaluate kinetic phenomena associated with supramolecular assemblies, in real time, is key to a better understanding of their defined architectures and diverse functionalities. Therefore, analytical tools that can precisely assess a wide range of exchange rates within such systems are of considerable importance. This study demonstrates the ability to use an NMR approach based on saturation transfer for the determination of rates of guest exchange from molecular capsules. By using cavitands that assemble into distinct dimeric assemblies, we show that this approach, which we term guest exchange saturation transfer (GEST), allows the use of a conventional NMR setup to study and quantitatively assess a wide range of exchange rates, from 35 to more than 5000 s−1.
Programmable Supra‐Assembly of a DNA Surface Adapter for Tunable Chiral Directional Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanorods
Authors: Lan Xiang , Su Zhaoming , Zhou Yadong , Meyer Travis , Ke Yonggang , Wang Qiangbin , Chiu Wah , Liu Na , Zou Shengli , Yan Hao , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn important challenge in molecular assembly and hierarchical molecular engineering is to control and program the directional self‐assembly into chiral structures. Here, we present a versatile DNA surface adapter that can programmably self‐assemble into various chiral supramolecular architectures, thereby regulating the chiral directional “bonding” of gold nanorods decorated by the surface adapter. Distinct optical chirality relevant to the ensemble conformation is demonstrated from the assembled novel stair‐like and coil‐like gold nanorod chiral metastructures, which is strongly affected by the spatial arrangement of neighboring nanorod pair. Our strategy provides new avenues for fabrication of tunable optical metamaterials by manipulating the directional self‐assembly of nanoparticles using programmable surface adapters.
Determination of the Structures of Uranyl–Tri‐n‐butyl‐Phosphate Aggregates by Coupling Experimental Results with Molecular Dynamic Simulations
Authors: Guilbaud Phillipe , Berthon Laurence , Louisfrema Wilfried , Diat Olivier , Zorz Nicole 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe complex structure of a plutonium uranium refining by extraction (PUREX) process organic phase was characterized by combining results from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. For the first time, the molecular interactions between tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) and the extracted solutes, as well as TBP aggregation after the extraction of water and/or uranyl nitrate, were described and analyzed concomitantly. Coupling molecular dynamics simulations with small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SWAXS) experiments can lead to simulated organic solutions that are representative of the experimental ones, even for high extractant and solute concentrations. Furthermore, this coupling is well adapted for the interpretation of SWAXS experiments without preliminary hypothesis on the size or shape of aggregates. The results link together previous literature studies obtained for each level of depiction separately (complexation or aggregation). Without uranium, or at low metal concentration, almost no aggregation was observed. At high uranium concentration, organic phases contain small [UO2(NO3)2(TBP)2]n polymetallic aggregates (with n=2 to 4), in which the 1:2 U/TBP stoichiometry is preserved.
Photocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Allylic Alcohols on Pd/TiO2: A Shortcut to (S)‐(+)‐Lavandulol
Authors: Takada Yuki , Caner Joaquim , Kaliyamoorthy Selvam , Naka Hiroshi , Saito Susumu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report herein a regio‐ and stereoselective photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols to form unsaturated hydrocarbons employing a palladium(II)‐loaded titanium oxide; the reaction proceeds at room temperature under light irradiation without stoichiometric generation of salt wastes. Olefin and saturated alcohol moieties tolerated the reaction conditions. Hydrogen atoms were selectively incorporated into less sterically congested carbons of the allylic functionalities. This protocol allowed a short‐step synthesis of (S)‐(+)‐lavandulol from (R)‐(−)‐carvone by avoiding otherwise necessary protection/deprotection steps.
Investigation of maltodextrin‐based synergistic system with amino acid chiral ionic liquid as additive for enantioseparation in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Chen Jiaquan , Du Yingxiang , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe combined use of chiral ionic liquids (ILs) and chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis (CE) to establish a synergistic system has proven to be an effective approach for enantioseparation. In this article, tetramethylammonium‐L‐arginine, a kind of amino acid chiral IL, was applied to investigate its potential synergistic effect with maltodextrin in CE enantioseparation. The established maltodextrin‐based synergistic system showed markedly improved enantioseparations compared with the single maltodextrin system. Parameters such as the chiral IL concentration, maltodextrin concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage, and capillary temperature were optimized. Satisfactory enantioseparation of the five studied drugs, including nefopam, duloxetine, ketoconazole, cetirizine, and citalopram was achieved in 50 mM Tris‐H3PO4 buffer solution (pH 3.0) containing 7.0% (m/v) maltodextrin and 60 mM tetramethylammonium‐L‐arginine. In addition, the chiral configuration of tetramethylammonium‐L‐arginine was also investigated to demonstrate the existence of a synergistic effect between chiral ILs and maltodextrin.
Luminescent Spectral Conversion to Improve the Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hosseini Zahra , Taghavinia Nima , Wei‐Guang Diau Eric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRelative to the broadband solar spectrum, a narrow range of spectral absorption of photovoltaic (PV) devices is considered an important determinant that the efficiency of light harvesting of these devices is less than unity. Having the narrowest spectral response to solar radiation among all PV devices, dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) suffer severely from this loss. Luminescent spectral conversion provides a mechanism to manipulate and to adapt the incident solar spectrum by converting, through photoluminescence, the energies of solar photons into those that are more effectively captured by a PV device. This mechanism is particularly helpful for DSSCs because there is much flexibility in both the choice of the light‐harvesting materials and the architecture of the DSSC. Here we review and discuss recent advances in the field of luminescent spectral conversion for DSSCs. The focus is on the architectural design of DSSCs, and the complications, advantages and new functionalities offered by each of their configurations are discussed. The loss mechanisms are examined and important parameters governing the spectral conversion mechanism of a DSSC are introduced.
Ten‐year prevalence of mental disorders in patients presenting with chronic pain in secondary care: A register linkage cohort study
Authors: Søndergård S. , Vaegter H.B. , Erlangsen A. , Stenager E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence rates of mental disorders in patients with chronic pain vary and may be overestimated when assessed by screening instruments only. Objectives were to estimate the 10‐year prevalence of different mental disorders diagnosed by psychiatrists in patients with chronic pain compared with the Danish general population.MethodsPatients (n = 7197) consulted in the interdisciplinary Pain Clinic South at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, from 2005 to 2015 were included. Data from the Pain Clinic were linked to the Danish National Patient Register‐Psychiatry and the Danish Civil Registration System. Age and gender standardized prevalence ratios (SPR) were calculated.ResultsIn all, 17.8% of patients with chronic pain had been diagnosed with a mental disorder. The most frequent diagnoses were adjustment disorders (subcategory of anxiety disorders) (8.9%), depression (6.1%), personality disorders (3.8%), and substance abuse disorders (3.5%). Women and men with chronic pain had higher rates of anxiety disorders (SPR 3.1; 95% CI 2.9–3.4) and depression (SPR 2.5; 95% CI 2.3–2.8), whereas men had higher rates of substance abuse disorders (SPR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3–1.9) than found for the general population.ConclusionsAlthough depression and anxiety were noted more frequently among patients with chronic pain than the general population, prevalence rates were lower than previously reported. The most frequent diagnoses were adjustment disorders.SignificancePrevalence rates of anxiety and depression diagnosed by psychiatrists in patients with chronic pain were found to be lower than previous findings using screening instruments. Adjustment disorders were the most frequent disorders diagnosed, as this study is the first to investigate.
In‐line monitoring of amino acids in mammalian cell cultures using raman spectroscopy and multivariate chemometrics models
Authors: Bhatia Hemlata , Mehdizadeh Hamidreza , Drapeau Denis , Yoon Seongkyu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe application of PAT for in‐line monitoring of biopharmaceutical manufacturing operations has a central role in developing more robust and consistent processes. Various spectroscopic techniques have been applied for collecting real‐time data from cell culture processes. Among these, Raman spectroscopy has been shown to have advantages over other spectroscopic techniques, especially in aqueous culture solutions. Measurements of several process parameters such as glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, ammonium, osmolality and VCD using Raman‐based chemometrics models have been reported in literature. The application of Raman spectroscopy, coupled with calibration models for amino acid measurement in cell cultures, has been assessed. The developed models cover four amino acids important for cell growth and production: tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and methionine. The chemometrics models based on Raman spectroscopy data demonstrate the significant potential for the quantification of tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. The model for methionine would have to be further refined to improve quantification.
Deletion of TLX and social isolation impairs exercise‐induced neurogenesis in the adolescent hippocampus
Authors: Kozareva Danka A. , O'Leary Olivia F. , Cryan John F. , Nolan Yvonne M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdolescence is a sensitive period of neurodevelopment during which life experiences can have profound effects on the brain. Hippocampal neurogenesis, the neurodevelopmental process of generating functional new neurons from neural stem cells, occurs throughout the lifespan and has been shown to play a role in learning, memory and in mood regulation. In adulthood it is influenced by extrinsic environmental factors such as exercise and stress. Intrinsic factors that regulate hippocampal neurogenesis include the orphan nuclear receptor TLX (Nr2e1) which is primarily expressed in the neurogenic niches of the brain. While mechanisms regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been widely studied, less is known on how hippocampal neurogenesis is affected during adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of both TLX and isolation stress on exercise‐induced increases in neurogenesis in running and sedentary conditions during adolescence. Single‐ (isolation stress) wild type and Nr2e1‐/‐ mice or pair‐housed wild type mice were housed in sedentary conditions or allowed free access to running wheels for 3 weeks during adolescence. A reduction of neuronal survival was evident in mice lacking TLX, and exercise did not increase hippocampal neurogenesis in these Nr2e1‐/‐ mice. This suggests that TLX is necessary for the pro‐neurogenic effects of exercise during adolescence. Interestingly, although social isolation during adolescence did not affect hippocampal neurogenesis, it prevented an exercise‐induced increase in neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus. Together these data demonstrate the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in promoting an exercise‐induced increase in neurogenesis at this key point in life.
Synthesis, structure, and biological active evaluation of a new cyclic tetranuclear copper(II) complex bridged both by oxamido and carboxylate groups
Authors: Zhang Mei‐Jiao , Liu Fang , Li Yan‐Tuan , Yan Cui‐Wei , Wu Zhi‐Yong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new tetracopper(II) complex bridged both by oxamido and carboxylato groups, namely [Cu4(dmaepox)2(bpy)2](NO3)2·2H2O, where H3dmaepox and bpy represent N‐benzoato‐N′‐ (3‐methylaminopropyl)oxamide and 2,2′‐bipyridine, was synthesized, and its structure reveals the presence of a centrosymmetric cyclic tetracopper(II) cation assembled by a pair of cis‐dmaepox3–‐ bridged dicopper(II) units through the carboxylato groups, in which the endo‐ and exo‐copper(II) ions bridged by the oxamido group have a square‐planar and a square‐pyramidal coordination geometries, respectively. The aromatic packing interactions assemble the complex molecules to a two‐dimensional supramolecular structure. The reactivity toward DNA and protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) indicates that the complex can interact with herring sperm DNA through the intercalation mode and the binding affinity is dominated by the hydrophobicity and chelate ring arrangement around copper(II) ions and quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via a static process. The cytotoxicity of the complex shows selective cancer cell antiproliferative activity.