bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Lightning Protection Measures for Distribution Lines and Customer Equipment against Back Flow Lightning Current from Radio Communication Station
Authors: ISHIMOTO KAZUYUKI , ASAKAWA AKIRA , SATO TOMOYUKI , MIYAMA YASUHIRO 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYRecently, with the expansion of communication network areas, the number of radio communication stations built in the neighborhood of customer houses has increased. If lightning strikes a communication radio tower, part of the lightning current flows into the distribution line and into customer houses. This may cause the failure of distribution lines or customer equipment. To protect distribution lines and customer equipment from lightning faults, it is necessary to analyze the surge phenomena in distribution lines and customer equipment and take appropriate protection measures. In this study, we examined the effect of lightning protection measures for distribution lines and customer equipment against lightning strikes to a communication tower. First, using an actual‐scale test distribution line, we measured the lightning current flowing into distribution lines and customer equipment. Second, we quantitatively examined the effect of lightning protection measures by lighting surge analysis while changing each parameter. From the experimental and analytical results, we show that the proposed protection measures can reduce the lightning current flowing into distribution lines and customer equipment.
Using the microstructure and mechanical behavior of steel materials to develop a new fire investigation technology
Authors: Chi Jen‐Hao , Peng Peng‐Chi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn the study, an A36 steel board, a frequently used building construction material, was heated to a high temperature, and then a metallographic replication experiment and tensile experiment were performed to obtain the composition and proportion of the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of fire‐damaged steel boards. When the steel board was heated to 800°C or higher and then rapidly water cooled, significant changes were found in its composition and proportion. More specifically, pearlite was completely lost, ferrite was reduced from 80% to 30%, bainite was increased to 30%, and martensite was also increased to 40%. The significant increase in the martensite phase altered the structure of the fire‐damaged steel board by making its structure more delicate and loose. Even though the yielding strength and tensile strength showed a tendency to increase, element ductility dropped from 32.5% to 15%. Reducing the extensibility substantially can make the steel board more likely to crack suddenly. The aim of the study is using changes in the structure and mechanical behavior of these steel components because of high‐temperature burning to reconstruct fire spread in fire investigation technology.
TFG‐MET fusion in an infantile spindle cell sarcoma with neural features
Authors: Flucke Uta , van Noesel Max M. , Wijnen Marc , Zhang Lei , Chen Chun‐Liang , Sung Yun‐Shao , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn increasing number of congenital and infantile sarcomas displaying a primitive, monomorphic spindle cell phenotype have been characterized to harbor recurrent gene fusions, including infantile fibrosarcoma and congenital spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. Here, we report an unusual spindle cell sarcoma presenting as a large and infiltrative pelvic soft tissue mass in a 4‐month‐old girl, which revealed a novel TFG‐MET gene fusion by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing. The tumor resembled the morphology of an infantile fibrosarcoma with both fascicular and patternless growth, however, it expressed strong S100 protein immunoreactivity, while lacking SOX10 staining and retaining H3K27me3 expression. Although this immunoprofile suggested partial neural/neuroectodermal differentiation, overall features were unusual and did not fit into any known tumor types (cellular schwannoma, MPNST), raising the possibility of a novel pathologic entity. The TFG‐MET gene fusion expands the genetic spectrum implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital spindle cell sarcomas, with yet another example of kinase oncogenic activation through chromosomal translocation. The discovery of this new fusion is significant since the resulting MET activation can potentially be inhibited by targeted therapy, as MET inhibitors are presently available in clinical trials.
KIF11 silencing and inhibition induces chromosome instability that may contribute to cancer
Authors: Asbaghi Yasamin , Thompson Laura L. , Lichtensztejn Zelda , McManus Kirk J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the aberrant pathways that contribute to oncogenesis and identifying the altered genes involved in these pathways is a critical first step to develop effective strategies to better combat cancer. Chromosome instability (CIN) is an aberrant phenotype that occurs in ∼80% of all cancer types and is associated with aggressive tumors, the acquisition of multidrug resistance and poor patient prognosis. Despite these associations however, the aberrant genes and molecular defects underlying CIN remain poorly understood. KIF11 is an evolutionarily conserved microtubule motor protein that functions in centrosome and chromosome dynamics in mitosis. Interestingly, the yeast ortholog of KIF11, namely CIN8 is a CIN gene and thus aberrant KIF11 expression and function is suspected to underlie CIN. In support of this possibility, KIF11 is somatically altered in a large number of cancer types. Using a complementary biochemical and genetic approach we examined whether KIF11 silencing with siRNAs or inhibition with monastrol was able to convert two distinct and karyotypically stable cell lines into karyotypically unstable cell lines. Indeed, quantitative imaging microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that KIF11 silencing induced increases in nuclear areas, micronucleus formation, DNA content and chromosome numbers relative to controls that was also observed following KIF11 inhibition. Collectively, this study identifies and validates KIF11 as an evolutionarily conserved CIN gene, and further suggests that aberrant expression and function may contribute to the pathogenesis of a subset of cancers.
Petrology, geochemistry and zircon U–Pb geochronology of the Jurassic porphyry dykes in the Dehua gold field, Southeast China: Genesis and geodynamics
Authors: Xu Nan , Li Sheng‐Rong , Santosh M. , Tong Bing 
Published: May 2017

The widespread tectonic and magmatic events in Southeast China during the Mesozoic were accompanied by large‐scale metallogenesis. Here, we investigate the petrology, geochemistry, and zircon U–Pb age of the porphyry dykes in relation to the gold mineralization at Dongyang deposit in the Fujian Province. The geochemical data show silica‐rich and Mg‐ and Ca‐poor A‐type granite affinity for the dykes. The rocks have high concentrations of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE) and relatively low contents of Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) and High Field Strength Element (HFSE). They display (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N values in the range of 5.7 to 31.4 and 6.0 to 8.3, respectively, with negative anomalies of Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, Zr, Eu, and Ti and positive Ce anomaly. The source magma for the dykes was derived from a mixture of partially melted Al‐rich crustal material, with an input of mantle components. We present sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe zircon U–Pb data from the dykes, which show emplacement ages in the range of 158 to 162 Ma, coinciding with the onset of the Yanshanian magmatism in Southeast China. Integrating the data obtained from studies on geology, geochronology and petro‐geochemistry, we suggest that the dykes played role in controlling the gold mineralization, and the magmatism and gold mineralization are the response of continental lithosphere thinning in Southeast China triggered by the subduction of the ancient Pacific Ocean Plate.
The Normal Fetal Pancreas
Authors: Kivilevitch Zvi , Achiron Reuven , Perlman Sharon , Gilboa Yinon 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the sonographic feasibility of measuring the fetal pancreas and its normal development throughout pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional prospective study between 19 and 36 weeks’ gestation. The study included singleton pregnancies with normal pregnancy follow‐up. The pancreas circumference was measured. The first 90 cases were tested to assess feasibility.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐seven fetuses of nondiabetic mothers were recruited during a 3‐year period. The overall satisfactory visualization rate was 61.6%. The intraobserver and interobserver variability had high interclass correlation coefficients of of 0.964 and 0.967, respectively. A cubic polynomial regression described best the correlation of pancreas circumference with gestational age (r = 0.744; P < .001) and significant correlations also with abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight (Pearson r = 0.829 and 0.812, respectively; P < .001). Modeled pancreas circumference percentiles for each week of gestation were calculated. During the study period, we detected 2 cases with overgrowth syndrome and 1 case with an annular pancreas.ConclusionsIn this study, we assessed the feasibility of sonography for measuring the fetal pancreas and established a normal reference range for the fetal pancreas circumference throughout pregnancy. This database can be helpful when investigating fetomaternal disorders that can involve its normal development.
Phase Structure of the Exact Graft Copolymer Synthesized by Iterative Methodology Based on Living Anionic Polymerization
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Goseki Raita , Hirao Akira 
Published: May 2017

Exact graft copolymer (EGC) is a type of copolymer with precisely defined molecular parameters, including the number of grafts per molecule (n), the length of the grafts (lg), and the separation distance between the junction points (ε) in the backbone. In the present study, the phase structure of the EGC composed of poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) backbone and polystyrene graft with n = 2 and n = 3 under fixed ε and lg is systematically investigated to seek a general understanding on the effect of the graft architecture on the domain spacing of the microphase‐separated structure and the order–disorder transition temperature (TODT). It is found that the TODT associated with the fluctuation‐induced ODT of the EGC increases with increasing n due to the increase of the total molecular weight. Nevertheless, the domain spacing does not exhibit a monotonic change with n, as the EGC with n = 2 shows the largest domain spacing compared with that of EGC with n = 3 and the corresponding linear diblock copolymer. The experimental observation on the domain spacing is explained by a thermodynamic model considering the packing mode of the constituting chains under the junction constraint.
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Time and frequency domain analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesters by monolithic finite element modeling
Authors: Ravi Srivathsan , Zilian Andreas 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe successful design of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices relies upon the identification of optimal geometrical and material configurations to maximize the power output for a specific band of excitation frequencies. Extendable predictive models and associated approximate solution methods are essential for analysis of a wide variety of future advanced energy harvesting devices involving more complex geometries and material distributions. Based on a holistic continuum mechanics modeling approach to the multi‐physics energy harvesting problem, this article proposes a monolithic numerical solution scheme using a mixed‐hybrid 3‐dimensional finite element formulation of the coupled governing equations for analysis in time and frequency domain. The weak form of the electromechanical/circuit system uses velocities and potential rate within the piezoelectric structure, free boundary charge on the electrodes, and potential at the level of the generic electric circuit as global degrees of freedom. The approximation of stress and dielectric displacement follows the work by Pian, Sze, and Pan. Results obtained with the proposed model are compared with analytical results for the reduced‐order model of a cantilevered bimorph harvester with tip mass reported in the literature. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated by studying the influence of partial electrode coverage on the generated power output.
Norbornyl benzocyclobutene ladder polymers: Conformation and microporosity
Authors: Lai Holden W. H. , Liu Sheng , Xia Yan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTShape‐persistent contorted ladder polymers are an intriguing and unusual class of polymers. Using catalytic arene‐norbornene annulation (CANAL) polymerization and with norbornadiene and dibromoarenes as monomers, we synthesized a series of ladder polymers with fused norbornyl benzocyclobutene backbones and varied conformations. A diaryl spiro‐orthocarbonate monomer was used to reorient the ladder backbone perpendicularly to induce three‐dimensional kinks, and a p‐dibromo‐xylene comonomer was used to statistically vary the distance between the spirocyclic kinks in the ladder backbone. Norbornyl benzocyclobutene ladder polymers with no spirocyclic backbone twists possess much more compact conformations than ladder polymers with frequent spirocyclic backbone twists in solution. While spirocyclic twists in the polymer backbone had minor effects on the surface area and microporosity, incorporation of rotatable single bonds in the repeat unit significantly decreased both the surface area and pore volume. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3075–3081
Structural conservation of the PIN domain active site across all domains of life
Authors: Senissar M. , Manav M. C. , Brodersen D. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe PIN (PilT N‐terminus) domain is a compact RNA‐binding protein domain present in all domains of life. This 120‐residue domain consists of a central and parallel β sheet surrounded by α helices, which together organize 4–5 acidic residues in an active site that binds one or more divalent metal ions and in many cases has endoribonuclease activity. In bacteria and archaea, the PIN domain is primarily associated with toxin–antitoxin loci, consisting of a toxin (the PIN domain nuclease) and an antitoxin that inhibits the function of the toxin under normal growth conditions. During nutritional or antibiotic stress, the antitoxin is proteolytically degraded causing activation of the PIN domain toxin leading to a dramatic reprogramming of cellular metabolism to cope with the new situation. In eukaryotes, PIN domains are commonly found as parts of larger proteins and are involved in a range of processes involving RNA cleavage, including ribosomal RNA biogenesis and nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics of the PIN domain and compare PIN domains from all domains of life in terms of structure, active site architecture, and activity.
Prenatal prediction of postnatal large‐for‐dates neonates using a simplified MRI method: comparison with conventional 2D ultrasound estimates
Authors: Kadji C. , Cannie M. M. , De Angelis R. , Camus M. , Klass M. , Fellas S. , Cecotti V. , Dütemeyer V. , Jani J. C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of a simple semi‐automated method for estimation of fetal weight (EFW) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as compared with two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) for the prediction of large‐for‐dates neonates.MethodsData of two groups of women with singleton pregnancy between March 2011 and May 2016 were retrieved from our database and evaluated retrospectively: the first group included women who underwent US‐EFW and MRI‐EFW within 48 h before delivery and the second group included women who had these evaluations between 35 + 0 weeks and 37 + 6 weeks of gestation, more than 48 h before delivery. US‐EFW was based on Hadlock et al. and MRI‐EFW on the formula described by Baker et al. For MRI‐EFW, planimetric measurement of the fetal body volume (FBV) was performed using a semi‐automated method and the time required for measurement was noted. Outcome measure was the performance of MRI‐EFW vs US‐EFW in the prediction of large‐for‐dates neonates, both ≤ 48 h and > 48 h before delivery. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves for each method were compared using the DeLong method.ResultsOf the 270 women included in the first group, 48 (17.8%) newborns had birth weight ≥ 90th centile and 30 (11.1%) ≥ 95th centile. The second group included 83 women, and nine (10.8%) newborns had birth weight ≥ 95th centile. Median time needed for FBV planimetric measurements in all 353 fetuses was 3.5 (range, 1.5–5.5) min. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for prediction of large‐for‐dates neonates by prenatal MRI performed within 48 h before delivery was significantly higher than that by US (for birth weight ≥ 90th centile, difference between AUCs = 0.085, standard error (SE) = 0.020, P < 0.001; for birth weight ≥ 95th centile, difference between AUCs = 0.036, SE = 0.014, P = 0.01). Similarly, MRI‐EFW was better than US‐EFW in predicting birth weight ≥ 95th centile when both examinations were performed > 48 h prior to delivery (difference between AUCs = 0.077, SE = 0.039, P = 0.045).ConclusionMRI planimetry using our purpose‐designed semi‐automated method is not time‐consuming. The predictive performance of MRI‐EFW performed immediately prior to or remote from delivery is significantly better than that of US‐EFW for the prediction of large‐for‐dates neonates. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Role of transvaginal ultrasound in evaluation of ureteral involvement in deep infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Carfagna P. , De Cicco Nardone C. , De Cicco Nardone A. , Testa A. C. , Scambia G. , Marana R. , De Cicco Nardone F. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess whether routine examination of the ureters on transvaginal sonography (TVS) can identify reliably potential silent ureteral involvement by endometriosis and should therefore be recommended in all patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).MethodsThis was a prospective study of 200 consecutive patients scheduled for surgery for DIE, evaluated between January 2012 and December 2014 at a tertiary endometriosis center at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy. Routine TVS, abdominal ultrasound and gynecological examination were performed within 3 months before surgery, and patient history, signs and symptoms were recorded. Surgical and histological findings were compared with the preoperative ultrasonographic diagnosis. The main outcome of interest was the presence of ureteral dilatation or hydronephrosis caused by endometriosis.ResultsOf 200 patients with DIE, associated ureteral dilatation was diagnosed on TVS in 13 (6.5%) cases. Ureteral involvement was confirmed intraoperatively in all 13 cases by detection of ureteral dilatation caused by endometriotic tissue surrounding the ureter and causing stenosis. Of the 13 patients with ureteral dilatation, renal ultrasound detected six (46.2%) cases of hydronephrosis. Mean duration of visualization and study of dilated ureters was 5 min (range, 3–9 min). Ureteric diameter was ≥ 6 mm in all cases of ureteral dilatation, with a median diameter of 6.9 mm (range, 6–18 mm). Both ureters were identified on TVS in all 200 patients with DIE.ConclusionsOur study confirms a relatively high incidence of ureteral involvement in patients with DIE. TVS appears to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of ureteral involvement and, additionally, it allows the detection of both the level and degree of obstruction. Our findings confirm that TVS examination is an accurate non‐invasive diagnostic tool for the detection of ureteral involvement by endometriosis. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of cervical texture by ultrasound in mid‐pregnancy and association with spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Baños N. , Perez‐Moreno A. , Julià C. , Murillo‐Bravo C. , Coronado D. , Gratacós E. , Deprest J. , Palacio M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveNew tools are required to improve the identification of women who are at increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Quantitative analysis of tissue texture on ultrasound has been used to extract robust features from the ultrasound image to detect subtle changes in its microstructure. This may be applied to the cervix. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between quantitative analysis of cervical texture (CTx) on mid‐trimester ultrasound and sPTB < 37 + 0 weeks' gestation.MethodsThis was a single‐center nested case–control study of a prospective cohort of 677 consecutive women with singleton pregnancy assessed between 19 + 0 and 24 + 6 weeks' gestation. Women at increased risk for sPTB were included unless they received treatment to prevent sPTB. Women who delivered < 37 + 0 weeks (sPTB) were considered as cases and were matched in a 1: 10 ratio with randomly selected contemporary controls who delivered at term. For each woman, one ultrasound image of the cervix was obtained for which quality was assessed, cervical length (CL) measured offline and a region of interest in the midportion of the anterior cervical lip delineated for use in local binary patterns analysis of CTx. A learning algorithm was developed to obtain the combination of CTx features best associated with sPTB based on feature transformation and discriminant analysis regression. The ability of the learning algorithm to predict sPTB was evaluated using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation technique, which produced a CTx‐based score for each participant. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were produced and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for the optimal cut‐off based on the ROC curve. The results were compared with those obtained for CL. Investigators studying the images were blinded to pregnancy outcome at all times.ResultsImages from 310 women (27 cases and 283 controls) were of sufficient quality and included in the study. Median CTx‐based score was significantly lower in cases compared with controls (−1.01 vs −0.07, P ≤ 0.0001). CTx‐based score maintained its significant association with sPTB after adjusting for possible confounders (history of sPTB, conization or Müllerian malformation, and CL < 25 mm). CTx‐based score was a better predictor of sPTB (AUC, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66–0.87) than was CL (AUC, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47–0.72) (P = 0.03). Median CL was similar for cases and controls (37.7 vs 38.6 mm, P = 0.26), although cases were more likely to have CL < 25 mm (18.5% vs 0.4%, P < 0.001).ConclusionQuantitative analysis of CTx enables the extraction of information relevant to sPTB from ultrasound images to generate a CTx‐based score that is associated independently with sPTB. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.