bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roma in Special Education: Discriminating, Segregating, and Limiting Opportunities to Roma Students by Placing Them in Special Schools
Authors: Roth Maria , Văetişi Lorena 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In social and educational practices, a number of ‘negative’ descriptive categories such as minority or disability determines inequalities and deepens the vulnerability of such groups. We focus on the Roma students enrolled in Special Education and analyse the mechanisms of (re)producing stereotypes and discrimination. We interpret qualitative research data, conducted in a technical high-school from Cluj-Napoca. Our study concludes that Roma schoolchildren enrolled in special education, whether or not really disabled are discriminated against (on behalf of an educational practice that reinforces the stigma of an inferior ethnic group, socio-culturally marginalized) and thus, their opportunities are severely limited, since their very youthful years, spent in school education.
Effect of Geotextile Reinforcement on Shear Strength of Sandy Soil: Laboratory Study
Authors: Denine Sidali , Della Noureddine , Dlawar Muhammed Rawaz , Sadok Feia , Canou Jean , Dupla Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presents results of a series of undrained monotonic compression tests on loose sand reinforced with geotextile mainly to study the effect of confining stress on the mechanical behaviour of geotextile reinforced sand. The triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted specimens of dry natural sand prepared at loose relative density (Dr = 30%) with and without geotextile layers and consolidated to three levels of confining pressures 50, 100 and 200 kPa, where different numbers and different arrangements of reinforcement layers were placed at different heights of the specimens (0, 1 and 2 layers). The behaviour of test specimens was presented and discussed. Test results showed that geotextile inclusion improves the mechanical behaviour of sand, a significant increase in the shear strength and cohesion value is obtained by adding up layers of reinforcement. Also, the results indicate that the strength ratio is more pronounced for samples which were subjected to low value of confining pressure. The obtained results reveal that high value of confining pressure can restrict the sand shear dilatancy and the more effect of reinforcement efficiently.
Time elements and oscillatory fluctuations in the Keynesian macroeconomic system
Authors: Murakami Hiroki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the relationship between three time lags (the consumption lag, the investment decision lag and the gestation lag) and oscillatory economic fluctuations in the Keynesian IS-LM system. We first confirm that in the absence of time lags, the monotone convergence to the unique equilibrium is observed. Next, we demonstrate that, in the Keynesian IS-LM system, in the existence of the investment decision lag and the gestation lag, oscillatory fluctuations are generated around the equilibrium if the gestation lag is relatively long, while in the existence of the consumption lag and the gestation lag, oscillatory behaviors may not occur. We then conclude that the existence of time lags may be one of the major causes of oscillatory fluctuations.
The novel stairs-like layered compound Co5(OH)6(H2O)2[SO3]2
Authors: Yahia Hamdi Ben , Shikano Masahiro , Avdeev Maxim , Belharouak Ilias 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The new compound Co5(OH)6(H2O)2[SO3]2 was synthesized by a hydrothermal route and its crystal structure was determined from the combination of single crystal X-ray- and neutron powder-diffraction data. Co5(OH)6(H2O)2[SO3]2 crystallizes with the space group P21/c, a=7.0229(19) Å, b=5.4722(15) Å, c=15.833(4), β=106.34(1)°, V=583.9(3) Å3 and Z=4. The crystal structure consists of a 2D-framework of cobalt octahedra sharing corners and edges and giving rise to a stairs-like layers, interconnected through O–H···O–S4+ hydrogen bonds.
A route to new colorimetric pH sensors
Authors: Wandtke Sebastian , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The detection of target molecules via luminescence changes of appropriate sensors is a powerful tool to determine the presence of analytes qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, the exploration of synthetic routes to new sensors is important to facilitate the recognition of a large range of analytes. In this report we describe such a new route to sensors and discuss the behavior of the synthesized sensors in the presence of different analytes. The prepared anthracene derivatives belong to two classes of substances. On the one hand imines were synthesized wherein the isomerization of their inherent carbon nitrogen double bond provides an effective non-radiative relaxation pathway. On the other hand amines were received by reduction of the mentioned imines. Their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) based sensing mechanism allows the detection of protons in a reversible colorimetric fashion. Furthermore, the addition of zinc cations in the aprotic solvent DCM provides the first example showing that the detection of these colorimetric pH sensors is not limited to protons.
Dopamine Modulates Adaptive Prediction Error Coding in the Human Midbrain and Striatum
Authors: Diederen Kelly M.J. , Ziauddeen Hisham , Vestergaard Martin D. , Spencer Tom , Schultz Wolfram , Fletcher Paul C. 
Published: February 2017

Learning to optimally predict rewards requires agents to account for fluctuations in reward value. Recent work suggests that individuals can efficiently learn about variable rewards through adaptation of the learning rate, and coding of prediction errors relative to reward variability. Such adaptive coding has been linked to midbrain dopamine neurons in nonhuman primates, and evidence in support for a similar role of the dopaminergic system in humans is emerging from fMRI data. Here, we sought to investigate the effect of dopaminergic perturbations on adaptive prediction error coding in humans, using a between-subject, placebo-controlled pharmacological fMRI study with a dopaminergic agonist (bromocriptine) and antagonist (sulpiride). Participants performed a previously validated task in which they predicted the magnitude of upcoming rewards drawn from distributions with varying SDs. After each prediction, participants received a reward, yielding trial-by-trial prediction errors. Under placebo, we replicated previous observations of adaptive coding in the midbrain and ventral striatum. Treatment with sulpiride attenuated adaptive coding in both midbrain and ventral striatum, and was associated with a decrease in performance, whereas bromocriptine did not have a significant impact. Although we observed no differential effect of SD on performance between the groups, computational modeling suggested decreased behavioral adaptation in the sulpiride group. These results suggest that normal dopaminergic function is critical for adaptive prediction error coding, a key property of the brain thought to facilitate efficient learning in variable environments. Crucially, these results also offer potential insights for understanding the impact of disrupted dopamine function in mental illness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo choose optimally, we have to learn what to expect. Humans dampen learning when there is a great deal of variability in reward outcome, and two brain regions that are modulated by the brain chemical dopamine are sensitive to reward variability. Here, we aimed to directly relate dopamine to learning about variable rewards, and the neural encoding of associated teaching signals. We perturbed dopamine in healthy individuals using dopaminergic medication and asked them to predict variable rewards while we made brain scans. Dopamine perturbations impaired learning and the neural encoding of reward variability, thus establishing a direct link between dopamine and adaptation to reward variability. These results aid our understanding of clinical conditions associated with dopaminergic dysfunction, such as psychosis.
Non semper temeritas est felix: Was bedeutet Leichtfertigkeit im Kapitalmarktrecht?
Authors: von Buttlar Julia , Hammermaier Steffen 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der Neuregelung des europäischen Sanktionsrechts ist die Debatte um die Anforderungen an die leichtfertige Unrechtsmaterie neu aufgekommen. Einige Stimmen halten die Abgrenzung zwischen Leichtfertigkeit und (einfacher) Fahrlässigkeit oft für schwierig und zudem für inkompatibel mit den ausdifferenzierten europarechtlichen Sanktionsvorgaben. Indes zeichnet sich ab, dass die Leichtfertigkeit im Anwendungsbereich des WpHG auch nach der jüngsten Reform des Kapitalmarktrechts aufgrund europäischer Rechtsakte in den Bußgeldvorschriften des WpHG als Ahndungsvoraussetzung für zahlreiche Ordnungswidrigkeiten Bestand haben wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht daher der Frage nach, inwieweit sich insbesondere bei Unterlassungsdelikten Leichtfertigkeit von Vorsatz und einfacher Fahrlässigkeit unterscheidet und wie die zu ermittelnde Sorgfaltspflicht im Kapitalmarktrecht zu bestimmen ist.
Überraschende Änderungen beim Finanztransfergeschäft: Endlich Klarheit?
Authors: Danwerth Christopher 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Verpflichtung zur Umsetzung der Zweiten Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie könnte der Gesetzgeber nutzen, um einen schwer verständlichen, komplizierten und die Praxis nur mit Mühe händelbaren Tatbestand grundlegend zu reformieren. Der Zahlungsdienst des Finanztransfergeschäfts ist in seinem aktuellen Wortlaut zu weit geraten und bedarf dringend einer neuen Konturierung. Der Referentenentwurf zum Zahlungsdiensteumsetzungsgesetz (ZDUG) emanzipiert sich bereits leicht von der Vorgängervorschrift und nähert sich der Richtlinienvorgabe wieder an. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob diese Abweichungen ein Schritt in die richtige Richtung sind und an welcher Stelle noch Nachbesserungsbedarf besteht. Im Ergebnis ist eine umfassende sprachliche Revision des Tatbestands des Finanztransfergeschäfts angezeigt. Ein Formulierungsvorschlag wird aufgezeigt und erläutert. Das ZDUG bietet eine hervorragende Gelegenheit, das Finanztransfergeschäft aus der nebulös prekären Unzulänglichkeit zu befreien.
Zentrale Ressourcenverteilung in der Gesamtbanksteuerung: Eine DEA-Anwendung
Authors: Varmaz Armin , Varwig Andreas , Laudi Peter 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl zahlreiche DEA-basierte Bewertungsmodelle entwickelt wurden, die den Einfluss bankinterner Strukturen auf die Gesamtbankleistung abbilden sollen, bleiben die Möglichkeit der Leistungssteigerung durch eine zentrale Ressourcenumverteilung zumeist unberücksichtigt. Lozano und Villa (2004) schlagen ein Modell vor, welches explizit der Optimierung der zentralen Ressourcenverteilung dient. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dieses Modell in den Kontext der Gesamtbanksteuerung übertragen. Es wird ferner eine Modifikation des Modells präsentiert, die es ermöglicht, gleichzeitig die internen Strukturen einer Bank und ihre relative Leistung im Interbankenvergleich zu verbessern. Am Beispiel von Filialen deutscher Genossenschaftsbanken wird im Rahmen einer Fallstudie gezeigt, wie man durch eine zentrale Ressourcenverteilung und eine simultane Leistungsbewertung erhebliche Potenziale zur Kostenvermeidung erschließen könnte.
Die Fünf-Prozent-Hürde – Sind Aktien für Bausparkassen eine gute Wahl?
Authors: Haupt Rudolf , Molterer Manuel , Schulz Florian , Tyrell Marcel 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die anhaltende Niedrigzinsphase setzt Bausparkassen mit ihrem spezifischen Geschäftsmodell und der damit verbundenen Abhängigkeit vom Einlagen- und Kreditgeschäft zunehmend unter Druck. Darauf hat der Gesetzgeber im Jahr 2015 im Rahmen der Bausparkassengesetzesnovelle reagiert, indem die Ertragsmöglichkeiten erweitert werden, um die Risikotragfähigkeit dieser Institute zu stärken. Eine Neuerung der Gesetzesnovelle, die zum 1. 1. 2017 in Kraft getreten ist, räumt den Bausparkassen das Recht ein, bis zu 5 % ihrer freien Mittel in Aktien zu investieren, um eine größere Anlagediversifikation zu erzielen und Ertragschancen zu steigern. Diese Maßnahme wird in Bezug auf die potenzielle Risikosteigerung auch kritisch reflektiert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht unter Kreditrisikoaspekten die Hinzunahme von Aktien in die Anlageportefeuilles der Bausparkassen gemäß der von der Europäischen Bankenaufsichtsbehörde (EBA) vorgegebenen Stresstestsystematik.
Die geduldete Kontoüberziehung als Verbraucherdarlehensvertrag: Zustandekommen und Rechtsfolgen
Authors: Feldhusen Claire 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Wird die geduldete Kontoüberziehung gem. § 505 BGB als Verbraucherdarlehensvertrag qualifiziert, ist hinsichtlich der vereinbarten Überziehungszinsen konsequenterweise ein Erfüllungsanspruch aus § 488 Abs. 1 Satz 2 BGB anzunehmen. In der Kontoüberziehung ohne vorangegangene Ermächtigung kann aber ebenso eine Pflichtverletzung als Anknüpfungsvoraussetzung für Verzugszinsansprüche gesehen werden. Allein die Duldung entscheidet über die rechtliche Qualifikation der Kontoüberziehung in diesen Fällen. Diese Rechtslage greift nicht unerheblich in das herkömmliche Verständnis der Rechtsgeschäftslehre und des Schuldrechts ein.
Video gaming and gaming addiction in transgender people: An exploratory study
Authors: Arcelus Jon , Bouman Walter Pierre , Jones Bethany Alice , Richards Christina , Jimenez-Murcia Susana , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: February 2017

Background
There is anecdotal clinical evidence that transgender people use the online world – such as forums and online video gaming – for the purpose of experiencing their gender identity in a safe, non-threatening, non-alienating, non-stigmatizing, and non-critical environment.

Aims
To describe gaming behavior, degree of problematic gaming behavior and associated factors with problematic gaming in a comparatively large group of transgender people accessing transgender health services.

Methods
Every individual referred to a national transgender health service in the United Kingdom during a 12-month period was invited to complete a series of questionnaires to measure gaming behavior, interpersonal functioning, severity of autistic features, and anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Results
A total of 245 people agreed to participate in the study with 154 (62.9%) describing themselves as current gamers. Gaming behavior in the transgender population attending transgender health services was prevalent, but less than 1% of them presented with clinical scores for Internet Gaming Disorder, with no differences according to gender. Problematic gaming behavior was associated with general interpersonal problems, depression, and young age.

Discussion and conclusions
Transgender people who engage in problematic gaming behavior are younger, and present with high interpersonal problems, and depression, which can affect a successful transition. In view of the high levels of gaming activity in this population games that are designed to address these psychological problems may be well received by transgender people.
Nervenverteilung und -verteilungsdichte in der Hüftgelenkskapsel des Hundes
Authors: Prescher Andreas , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Bücker Arno , Kinzel Sylvia , Giebels Felix 
Published: February 2017

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Die Hüftgelenkskapsel unterliegt bei der Hüftgelenksdysplasie (HD) erhöhten Zugkräften, die zu einer Entzündung des Kapselgewebes führen. Eine entzündungsassoziierte Zunahme der Nervenverteilungsdichte wurde in verschiedenen Organen nachgewiesen und könnte auch im Rahmen einer HD Ursache für Hüftgelenksschmerz und Koxarthrose sein. Ziel dieser Studie war, bei Hunden mit normo- bzw. dysplastischen Hüftgelenken Unterschiede in der Nervenverteilungsdichte innerhalb der Hüftgelenkskapsel aufzuzeigen. Material und Methoden: Bei 16 aus anderen Gründen euthanasierten Labrador Retrievern erfolgte anhand des radiologischen Befunds eine Kate gorisierung der Hüftgelenke als normoplastisch (Gruppe 1, n = 18) oder dysplastisch (Gruppe 2, n = 14). Die histologischen Präparate der Hüftgelenkskapseln wurden nach Färbung der Nerven fasern mit der Sihler-Färbemethode eingescannt und mittels einer Matrix in 10 gleich große Quadranten, nummeriert von dorsomedial (Q01) nach kraniodorsolateral (Q10), unterteilt. Durch Berechnung des prozentualen Anteils schwarzer Pixel mittels halbautomatischer Bildanalyse wurde die Nervenverteilungsdichte für jeweils das gesamte Präparat und die einzelnen Quadranten analysiert. Der statistische Vergleich erfolgte mittels t-Test für unabhängige Stichproben. Ergebnisse: Bei Hunden mit HD zeigte sich im kraniodorsolateralen Anteil der Hüftgelenkskapsel eine signifikant höhere Nervenverteilungsdichte (p = 0,03). Die mittlere Nervenverteilungsdichte für die gesamte Hüftgelenkskapsel differierte zwischen den beiden Gruppen nicht signifikant. Schlussfolgerung: Eine erhöhte Nervenverteilungsdichte im kraniodorsalen Anteil der Hüftgelenkskapsel bei Hunden mit HD könnte Folge der großen Zugkräfte in diesem Bereich und eine Ursache für die mit der HD einhergehende Schmerzhaftigkeit und Koxarthrose sein. Klinische Relevanz: Die Ergebnisse liefern die pathophysiologische Grundlage für den Erfolg der Deperiostierung des kranialen Azetabulumrandes im Rahmen einer Hüftgelenksdenervation zur Erzielung einer suffizienten Schmerzlinderung und Entzündungsreduktion bei Hunden mit HD.
(DES)CONSTRUIR PARA (RE)VITALIZAR?: a valorização do Capital e a resistência dos moradores do Morro da Providência na região portuária do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Fernandes Lenise Lima , Gomes Maria de Fatima Cabral Marques 
Published: February 2017

Apresentação de resultados de estudos sobre a dinâmica de renovação urbana da região portuária carioca, com enfoque nas tensões detectadas entre os atores sociais que se encontram em disputa pelas prioridades enfatizadas na política urbana em curso no Rio de Janeiro. Enfatiza a troca de conhecimentos com moradores locais e a elaboração de um dossiê para subsidiar a luta pelo direito de moradia, objetivando identificar mecanismos de dominação e de contestação usados em distintas escalas, bem como discutir alternativas metodológicas que permitam consolidar o suporte científico a movimentos sociais de resistência aos processos de espoliação urbana.Palavras­-chave: Renovação urbana, mecanismos de dominação, movimentos sociais de resistência.
A Prospective Study of Four Total Ankle Arthroplasty Implants by Non-Designer Investigators
Authors: Lefrancois Tina , Younger Alastair , Wing Kevin , Penner Murray J. , Dryden Peter , Wong Hubert , Daniels Timothy , Glazebrook Mark 
Published: February 2017

Background:
There are several types of prostheses available to surgeons when performing a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The main objective of this study was to summarize the clinical and functional outcomes of 4 TAA prostheses: the Hintegra implant (Integra LifeSciences), the Agility implant (DePuy), the Mobility implant (DePuy), and the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) implant (Small Bone Innovations [SBi]).

Methods:
Patients were prospectively recruited. A total of 451 TAAs with a mean follow-up (and standard deviation) of 4.5 ± 2.0 years were included. Patients were assessed annually and completed self-reported outcome measures at these visits. Complications and revisions were reported at the time of incident. Mean improvements are reported by prosthesis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to obtain adjusted comparisons of scores across prostheses. Survivorship curves were generated by prosthesis and type of complication.

Results:
Mean improvement in the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) total score was less among patients with the Mobility implant (19.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15 to 24) than it was among patients with the Agility implant (29.1; 95% CI, 24 to 34), Hintegra implant (29.7; 95% CI, 27 to 33), and STAR implant (28.5; 95% CI, 23 to 34). Patients in the Mobility group also had less mean improvement in the AOS pain score (21.3; 95% CI, 17 to 26) compared with patients in the Hintegra (29.0; 95% CI, 26 to 32), Agility (29.8; 95% CI, 25 to 35), and STAR (29.1; 95% CI, 23 to 35) groups. The Mobility group also had less mean improvement in the AOS disability score (17.3; 95% CI, 12 to 23) compared with the Hintegra (30.4; 95% CI, 27 to 34), Agility (28.8; 95% CI, 23 to 34), and STAR (27.8; 95% CI, 21 to 34) groups. Survival results among the 4 prostheses are reported.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated acceptable outcomes of 4 modern TAA prostheses. Outcome results from patient-reported scores were comparable between at least 3 of the 4 prostheses (the Hintegra, STAR, and Agility implants). The rates of complications and revisions found in this study are within the limits reported in the literature for similar prostheses and methods of reporting.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Penyisipan Gen Inhibitor α-amilase pada Plasmid Biner pCambia 1301
Authors: Listanto Edy , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Pardal Saptowo J. , Herman M. 
Published: February 2017

<p class="p1">The experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor. The objective was to construct <em>-ai </em>gene on a binary plasmid <em>p</em>Cambia 1301. This experiment was carried out using construction method by ligation process between fragments of <em>α-ai </em>gene from <em>p</em>TA<span class="s1">3 </span>plasmid and <em>p</em>Cambia 1301 on <em>Hind</em>III site. The result of ligant transformation into <em>E. coli </em>DH5<em>α </em>was 182 surviving colonies on YEP medium containing kanamycin. DNA samples were obtained from 60 randomly selected colonies. The restriction pattern was tested by digesting each DNA sample using <em>Hind</em>III showed colonies containing two fragments expected of sizes wich are 11.837 and 4.887 kb. Two colonies are predicted containing of <em>α-ai </em>gene on its the binary plasmid. Advanced tests using restriction enzymes <em>Bam</em>HI and <em>Xba</em>I showed two directions (right and left) of <em>α-ai </em>gene. The right direction was shown by <em>p</em>Cambia-<em>α-ai</em>1 from colony number 43. This plasmid showed expected fragments of sizes 13.485 and 3.219 kb when digested with <em>Bam</em>HI and two fragments of sizes 15.421 and 1.303 kb when digested with <em>Xba</em>I. The left direction was shown <em>p</em>Cambia-<em>α-ai</em>2 from colony number 58. This plasmid also demon-strated expected fragments of sizes 15.026 and 1.698 kb when digested with <em>Bam</em>HI and two fragments of sizes 13.082 and 3.642 kb when digested with <em>Xba</em>I. Both <em>p</em>Cambia-<em>α-ai</em>1 and <em>p</em>Cambia-<em>α-ai</em>2 were transformed into <em>A. tumefaciens </em>LBA4404.</p>