bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Alegria Analucia A. , Wulff Melanie , Brinson Helen , Barker Gareth J. , Norman Luke J. , Brandeis Daniel , Stahl Daniel , David Anthony S. , Taylor Eric , Giampietro Vincent , Rubia Katya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor self‐control, underpinned by inferior fronto‐striatal deficits. Real‐time functional magnetic resonance neurofeedback (rtfMRI‐NF) allows participants to gain self‐control over dysregulated brain regions. Despite evidence for beneficial effects of electrophysiological‐NF on ADHD symptoms, no study has applied the spatially superior rtfMRI‐NF neurotherapy to ADHD. A randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of rtfMRI‐NF of right inferior prefrontal cortex (rIFG), a key region that is compromised in ADHD and upregulated with psychostimulants, on improvement of ADHD symptoms, cognition, and inhibitory fMRI activation. To control for region‐specificity, an active control group received rtfMRI‐NF of the left parahippocampal gyrus (lPHG). Thirty‐one ADHD boys were randomly allocated and had to learn to upregulate their target brain region in an average of 11 rtfMRI‐NF runs over 2 weeks. Feedback was provided through a video‐clip of a rocket that had to be moved up into space. A transfer session without feedback tested learning retention as a proximal measure of transfer to everyday life. Both NF groups showed significant linear activation increases with increasing number of runs in their respective target regions and significant reduction in ADHD symptoms after neurotherapy and at 11‐month follow‐up. Only the group targeting rIFG, however, showed a transfer effect, which correlated with ADHD symptom reductions, improved at trend level in sustained attention, and showed increased IFG activation during an inhibitory fMRI task. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates for the first time feasibility, safety, and shorter‐ and longer‐term efficacy of rtfMRI‐NF of rIFG in adolescents with ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3190–3209, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paranasal sinus lymphoma: Retrospective review with focus on clinical features, histopathology, prognosis, and relationship to systemic lymphoma
Authors: Wajda Brynn N. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Nyquist Gurston G. , Mardekian Stacey K. , Rosen Marc R. , Rabinowitz Michael P. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundParanasal sinus lymphoma is a rare clinical entity.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series of 68 patients with biopsy‐confirmed paranasal sinus lymphoma with attention on systemic disease association.ResultsOf 63 patients with paranasal sinus lymphoma, 35 (56%) had systemic involvement. Four patient groups were identified: (1) primary paranasal sinus lymphoma (44%); (2) systemic disease occurring concurrently with paranasal sinus lymphoma (25%); (3) paranasal sinus lymphoma with relapse of preexisting systemic lymphoma (22%); and (4) progression to systemic disease after primary paranasal sinus lymphoma (8%). Most of the patients with systemic disease were diagnosed at 50 + years and had positive smoking histories. There was a trend toward disease activity in the neighboring ocular location. For patients with preexisting systemic lymphoma, the mean time to paranasal sinus lymphoma was 65 months. When systemic lymphoma developed after localized paranasal sinus lymphoma, mean time to progression was 23 months. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common paranasal sinus lymphoma.ConclusionThere is a risk of systemic involvement during the disease course of paranasal sinus lymphoma. Biopsy is the preferred first management step and should precede debulking or mass resection in nonemergent cases. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1065–1070, 2017
Surgical pitfalls of jejunal vein anatomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshiya , Ban Daisuke , Matsumura Satoshi , Mitsunori Yusuke , Ochiai Takanori , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the standard surgical procedure for treating pancreatic head cancers. Considerable knowledge of proximal jejunal and pancreatic vein anatomy is a prerequisite for performing PD surgery safely, yet there appear to be no detailed descriptions of first and second jejunal vein (J1V, J2V) anatomy available in the literature.Study designAdults with hepatobiliary‐pancreatic disease underwent multidetector‐row computed tomography with intravenous contrast (n = 155), and SYNAPSE 3D (Fujifilm Medical, Tokyo, Japan) was used to generate 3D‐CT images.ResultsIn 84% of patients, J1V and J2V formed a common trunk (FJT). There were three patterns of branches, related to the presence or absence of FJT formation and the anatomical relationships between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the jejunal veins, as follows: Type 1 (n = 98, 63%) characterized by an FJT located dorsal to SMA; Type 2 (n = 32, 21%), where the FJT was located ventral to the SMA; and Type 3 (n = 25, 16%), where J1V and J2V each drained separately into the SMV.ConclusionsJ1V and J2V usually formed an FJT, and separate J1V and J2V drainage into the SMV was uncommon. Preoperative information on individual patient venous anatomy would increase the safety of the PD procedure.
Advances in MRI around metal
Authors: Jungmann Pia M. , Agten Christoph A. , Pfirrmann Christian W. , Sutter Reto 
Published: March 2017

The prevalence of orthopedic metal implants is continuously rising in the aging society. Particularly the number of joint replacements is increasing. Although satisfying long‐term results are encountered, patients may suffer from complaints or complications during follow‐up, and often undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Yet metal implants cause severe artifacts on MRI, resulting in signal‐loss, signal‐pileup, geometric distortion, and failure of fat suppression. In order to allow for adequate treatment decisions, metal artifact reduction sequences (MARS) are essential for proper radiological evaluation of postoperative findings in these patients. During recent years, developments of musculoskeletal imaging have addressed this particular technical challenge of postoperative MRI around metal. Besides implant material composition, configuration and location, selection of appropriate MRI hardware, sequences, and parameters influence artifact genesis and reduction. Application of dedicated metal artifact reduction techniques including high bandwidth optimization, view angle tilting (VAT), and the multispectral imaging techniques multiacquisition variable‐resonance image combination (MAVRIC) and slice‐encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC) may significantly reduce metal‐induced artifacts, although at the expense of signal‐to‐noise ratio and/or acquisition time. Adding advanced image acquisition techniques such as parallel imaging, partial Fourier transformation, and advanced reconstruction techniques such as compressed sensing further improves MARS imaging in a clinically feasible scan time. This review focuses on current clinically applicable MARS techniques. Understanding of the main principles and techniques including their limitations allows a considerate application of these techniques in clinical practice. Essential orthopedic metal implants and postoperative MR findings around metal are presented and highlighted with clinical examples.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:972–991.
Longitudinal evaluation of perfusion changes in acute and chronic renal allograft rejection using arterial spin labeling in translational mouse models
Authors: Hueper Katja , Schmidbauer Martina , Thorenz Anja , Bräsen Jan H , Gutberlet Marcel , Mengel Michael , Hartung Dagmar , Chen Rongjun , Meier Martin , Haller Hermann , Wacker Frank , Rong Song , Gueler Faikah 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo examine the longitudinal changes of renal perfusion due to acute and chronic renal allograft rejection by using arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI in translational mouse models of isogenic and allogenic kidney transplantation (ktx).Materials and MethodsAcute rejection was induced by allogenic ktx of C57BL/6 (B6)‐kidney grafts to BALB/c‐recipients with prolonged cold ischemia (CIT) of 60 minutes (n = 13). To induce chronic rejection BALB/c‐kidneys were transplanted into B6‐recipients with short CIT of 30 minutes (n = 22). Isogenic grafts without rejection (n = 14 with prolonged, n = 9 with short CIT) and normal kidneys (n = 22) were used for comparison. Perfusion was measured on a 7T small‐animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) ASL‐sequences at day 1 and 6 (acute) or at week 3 and 6 (chronic) after surgery. Histological analyses of grafts included inflammation, vascular changes, and fibrosis.ResultsIn the acute ktx model, ASL showed perfusion impairment in isogenic and allogenic kidney grafts. Perfusion of allografts further decreased until day 6 and remained stable in isografts without rejection (allogenic ktx 62 ± 21 vs. isogenic ktx 181 ± 39 ml/min/100g, P < 0.01). In the chronic ktx model, perfusion in isografts was similar to normal kidneys over the entire observation period. Perfusion was severely reduced in allografts compared to isografts (week 3: 28 ± 7 vs. 310 ± 46 ml/min/100g, P < 0.001, week 6: 32 ± 5 vs. 367 ± 72 ml/min/100g, P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed severe inflammation, vascular occlusion, and rejection in allografts. Chronic rejection grafts showed endothelialitis, peritubular capillaritis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy.ConclusionASL allows longitudinal assessment of renal perfusion impairment due to acute and chronic renal allograft rejection in translational mouse models.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1664–1672.
Metabolism of a tide‐dominated reef platform subject to extreme diel temperature and oxygen variations
Authors: Gruber Renee K. , Lowe Ryan J. , Falter James L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBenthic dissolved oxygen fluxes were measured on the reef flat of Tallon Island, an intertidal reef platform in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia, for periods of 2 weeks in the wet and dry seasons. This reef flat is strongly tidally forced by semidiurnal tides (spring range > 8 m) and experiences highly asymmetric water level variability, with ebb durations lasting ∼10 h; this results in diel variations in water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (up to ∼11°C and 440 μM, respectively) that are among the most extreme recorded for reefs worldwide. Given the consistent tidal flow patterns, a one‐dimensional control volume approach was used to make continuous Eulerian measurements of net production and community respiration from observed changes in DO within two zones: an inner zone dominated by seagrass and an outer zone dominated by macroalgae. Community respiration (R) was controlled primarily by DO concentration; however, fluxes approached the limits of DO mass transfer at low flow speeds. Estimates of gross primary production (P) suggested that reef communities were able to fix carbon at rates comparable to other tropical seagrass and mixed reef flat communities despite short‐term (∼hours) extremes in light (up to 1800 μmol m−2 s−1) and temperature (> 35°C). Daily net community production fluctuated between net autotrophy and heterotrophy over a ∼15 d period depending on the phase difference between the solar and tidal cycles but was nonetheless metabolically balanced on time scales greater than weeks (P : R = 1.0–1.1).
Ecosystem variability along the estuarine salinity gradient: Examples from long‐term study of San Francisco Bay
Authors: Cloern James E. , Jassby Alan D. , Schraga Tara S. , Nejad Erica , Martin Charles 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe salinity gradient of estuaries plays a unique and fundamental role in structuring spatial patterns of physical properties, biota, and biogeochemical processes. We use variability along the salinity gradient of San Francisco Bay to illustrate some lessons about the diversity of spatial structures in estuaries and their variability over time. Spatial patterns of dissolved constituents (e.g., silicate) can be linear or nonlinear, depending on the relative importance of river‐ocean mixing and internal sinks (diatom uptake). Particles have different spatial patterns because they accumulate in estuarine turbidity maxima formed by the combination of sinking and estuarine circulation. Some constituents have weak or no mean spatial structure along the salinity gradient, reflecting spatially distributed sources along the estuary (nitrate) or atmospheric exchanges that buffer spatial variability of ecosystem metabolism (dissolved oxygen). The density difference between freshwater and seawater establishes stratification in estuaries stronger than the thermal stratification of lakes and oceans. Stratification is strongest around the center of the salinity gradient and when river discharge is high. Spatial distributions of motile organisms are shaped by species‐specific adaptations to different salinity ranges (shrimp) and by behavioral responses to environmental variability (northern anchovy). Estuarine spatial patterns change over time scales of events (intrusions of upwelled ocean water), seasons (river inflow), years (annual weather anomalies), and between eras separated by ecosystem disturbances (a species introduction). Each of these lessons is a piece in the puzzle of how estuarine ecosystems are structured and how they differ from the river and ocean ecosystems they bridge.
Near‐IR and CP‐OCT imaging of suspected occlusal caries lesions
Authors: Simon Jacob C. , Kang Hobin , Staninec Michal , Jang Andrew T. , Chan Kenneth H. , Darling Cynthia L. , Lee Robert C. , Fried Daniel 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionRadiographic methods have poor sensitivity for occlusal lesions and by the time the lesions are radiolucent they have typically progressed deep into the dentin. New more sensitive imaging methods are needed to detect occlusal lesions. In this study, cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography (CP‐OCT) and near‐IR imaging were used to image questionable occlusal lesions (QOC's) that were not visible on radiographs but had been scheduled for restoration on 30 test subjects.MethodsNear‐IR reflectance and transillumination probes incorporating a high definition InGaAs camera and near‐IR broadband light sources were used to acquire images of the lesions before restoration. The reflectance probe utilized cross‐polarization and operated at wavelengths from 1,500 to 1,700 nm where there is an increase in water absorption for higher contrast. The transillumination probe was operated at 1,300 nm where the transparency of enamel is highest. Tomographic images (6 × 6 × 7 mm3) of the lesions were acquired using a high‐speed swept‐source CP‐OCT system operating at 1,300 nm before and after removal of the suspected lesion.ResultsNear‐IR reflectance imaging at 1,500–1,700 nm yielded significantly higher contrast (P < 0.05) of the demineralization in the occlusal grooves compared with visible reflectance imaging. Stains in the occlusal grooves greatly reduced the lesion contrast in the visible range yielding negative values. Only half of the 26 lesions analyzed showed the characteristic surface demineralization and increased reflectivity below the dentinal‐enamel junction (DEJ) in 3D OCT images indicative of penetration of the lesion into the dentin.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that near‐IR imaging methods have great potential for improving the early diagnosis of occlusal lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:215–224, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing Head Rotation and Flexion Is Useful in Functional Limb Weakness
Authors: Horn Dimitri , Galli Silvio , Berney Alexandre , Vingerhoets François , Aybek Selma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundFunctional (psychogenic) neurological disorders (FNDs) are common and should be diagnosed using positive diagnostic features of internal inconsistency. However, there is a lack of objective data regarding motor signs and a lack of signs relating to motor disorders that affect the upper body and neck. The objective of this study was to provide specificity and sensitivity data on 2 axial motor signs: the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and platysma signs.MethodsThirty patients with motor FNDs according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, and 40 organic controls with unilateral weakness were prospectively included. The SCM functional sign and platysma organic signs were systematically tested and compared between groups.ResultsThe SCM sign had high specificity of 90% (confidence interval [CI], 77%–96%) to detect FND when the platysma sign had 100% specificity (CI, 88%–100%) for detecting organic weakness. The co‐occurrence of a positive SCM and a negative platysma sign in patients with unilateral weakness carried 95% specificity (CI, 83%–99%) and 63% sensitivity (CI, 44%–80%).ConclusionThe SCM test and platysma signs can be used for the diagnosis of motor FND. The extent to which these add value to other validated signs (such as Hoover's sign) should be further evaluated.
Exploiting multicompartment effects in triple‐echo steady‐state T2 mapping for fat fraction quantification
Authors: Liu Dian , Steingoetter Andreas , Curcic Jelena , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo investigate and exploit the effect of intravoxel off‐resonance compartments in the triple‐echo steady‐state (TESS) sequence without fat suppression for T2 mapping and to leverage the results for fat fraction quantification.MethodsIn multicompartment tissue, where at least one compartment is excited off‐resonance, the total signal exhibits periodic modulations as a function of echo time (TE). Simulated multicompartment TESS signals were synthesized at various TEs. Fat emulsion phantoms were prepared and scanned at the same TE combinations using TESS. In vivo knee data were obtained with TESS to validate the simulations. The multicompartment effect was exploited for fat fraction quantification in the stomach by acquiring TESS signals at two TE combinations.ResultsSimulated and measured multicompartment signal intensities were in good agreement. Multicompartment effects caused erroneous T2 offsets, even at low water–fat ratios. The choice of TE caused T2 variations of as much as 28% in cartilage. The feasibility of fat fraction quantification to monitor the decrease of fat content in the stomach during digestion is demonstrated.ConclusionsIntravoxel off‐resonance compartments are a confounding factor for T2 quantification using TESS, causing errors that are dependent on the TE. At the same time, off‐resonance effects may allow for efficient fat fraction mapping using steady‐state imaging. Magn Reson Med 79:423–429, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Common polymorphisms of chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1 gene modify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis outcome: A population‐based study
Authors: Calvo Andrea , Moglia Cristina , Canosa Antonio , Cammarosano Stefania , Ilardi Antonio , Bertuzzo Davide , Traynor Bryan J. , Brunetti Maura , Barberis Marco , Mora Gabriele , Casale Federico , Chiò Adriano 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In the brain, the chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1 (1CX3CR1) gene is expressed only by microglia, where it acts as a key mediator of the neuron–microglia interactions. We assessed whether the 2 common polymorphisms of the CX3CR1 gene (V249I and T280M) modify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype. Methods: The study included 755 ALS patients diagnosed in Piemonte between 2007 and 2012 and 369 age‐matched and sex‐matched controls, all genotyped with the same chips. Results: Neither of the variants was associated with an increased risk of ALS. Patients with the V249I V/V genotype had a 6‐month‐shorter survival than those with I/I or V/I genotypes (dominant model, P = 0.018). The T280M genotype showed a significant difference among the 3 genotypes (additive model, P = 0.036). Cox multivariable analysis confirmed these findings. Discussion: We found that common variants of the CX3CR1 gene influence ALS survival. Our data provide further evidence for the role of neuroinflammation in ALS. Muscle Nerve 57: 212–216, 2018
Cyclic best first search: Using contours to guide branch‐and‐bound algorithms
Authors: Morrison David R. , Sauppe Jason J. , Zhang Wenda , Jacobson Sheldon H. , Sewell Edward C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe cyclic best‐first search (CBFS) strategy is a recent search strategy that has been successfully applied to branch‐and‐bound algorithms in a number of different settings. CBFS is a modification of best‐first search (BFS) that places search tree subproblems into contours which are collections of subproblems grouped in some way, and repeatedly cycles through all non‐empty contours, selecting one subproblem to explore from each. In this article, the theoretical properties of CBFS are analyzed for the first time. CBFS is proved to be a generalization of all other search strategies by using a contour definition that explores the same sequence of subproblems as any other search strategy. Further, a bound is proved between the number of subproblems explored by BFS and the number of children generated by CBFS, given a fixed branching strategy and set of pruning rules. Finally, a discussion of heuristic contour‐labeling functions is provided, and proof‐of‐concept computational results for mixed‐integer programming problems from the MIPLIB 2010 database are shown. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 64–82, 2017
Combined spiroergometry and 31P–MRS of human calf muscle during high‐intensity exercise
Authors: Moll K. , Gussew A. , Hein C. , Stutzig N. , Reichenbach J.R. 
Published: March 2017

Simultaneous measurements of pulmonary oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide exhalation (VCO2) and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P–MRS) are valuable in physiological studies to evaluate muscle metabolism during specific loads. Therefore, the aim of this study was to adapt a commercially available spirometric device to enable measurements of VO2 and VCO2 whilst simultaneously performing 31P–MRS at 3 T. Volunteers performed intense plantar flexion of their right calf muscle inside the MR scanner against a pneumatic MR‐compatible pedal ergometer. The use of a non‐magnetic pneumotachograph and extension of the sampling line from 3 m to 5 m to place the spirometric device outside the MR scanner room did not affect adversely the measurements of VO2 and VCO2. Response and delay times increased, on average, by at most 0.05 s and 0.79 s, respectively. Overall, we were able to demonstrate a feasible ventilation response (VO2 = 1.05 ± 0.31 L/min; VCO2 = 1.11 ± 0.33 L/min) during the exercise of a single calf muscle, as well as a good correlation between local energy metabolism and muscular acidification (τPCr fast and pH; R2 = 0.73, p < 0.005) and global respiration (τPCr fast and VO2; R2 = 0.55, p = 0.01). This provides improved insights into aerobic and anaerobic energy supply during strong muscular performances.