bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of two sheep landraces (Skudde and Bentheimer Landschaf) for extensive farming on fen grasslands
Authors: Kaiser Thomas , Fischer Andreas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSheep landraces are an invigorating element in terms of the biodiversity of the cultural landscape. The present study focused on the question of whether the Bentheimer Landschaf breed, which is a representative of a large sheep landrace, is equally as well‐suited for the maintenance of extensively farmed fen grassland as the smaller, hardy Skudde breed of sheep. For each breed, two flocks with 10 ewes and their lambs were included in a 3‐year grazing trial on long‐standing, extensively used fen grassland paddocks. Our study revealed no major differences between Skudde and Bentheimer Landschaf regarding feed preference, endozoochorous dispersal potential and reproductive performance. The food intake of both breeds was not only limited to high‐quality forage grasses, they also chose more crude fiber‐rich plant species. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was preferably selected. A relevant problem under set stocking conditions with alternate hay cutting was the spread of creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) on the paddocks of both sheep breeds. The majority of the germinable seeds found in fecal samples were contributed by the small‐seeded grass species Poa trivialis L. and Agrostis stolonifera L., which were the most abundant in the vegetation of the paddocks. Juncus spp. seeds were found at above‐average levels in the fecal samples compared with the vegetation percentages of these species. Among the weed species, only stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) showed a higher endozoochorous dispersal potential. The greater slaughter weight of Bentheimer Landschaf lambs has a positive effect on the efficiency of sheep farming. Considering all of the studied characteristics, we concluded that large landrace Bentheimer Landschaf sheep as well as Skudde sheep may be only recommended for the maintenance of drained fen grassland if additional control strategies against the spread of thistles accompany grazing management.
Talking to the people that really matter about their participation in pandemic clinical research: A qualitative study in four European countries
Authors: Gobat Nina H. , Gal Micaela , Butler Christopher C. , Webb Steve A.R. , Francis Nicholas A. , Stanton Helen , Anthierens Sibyl , Bastiaens Hilde , Godycki‐ćwirko Maciek , Kowalczyk Anna , Pons‐Vigués Mariona , Pujol‐Ribera Enriqueta , Berenguera Anna , Watkins Angela , Sukumar Prasanth , Moore Ronald G. , Hood Kerenza , Nichol Alistair 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPandemics of new and emerging infectious diseases are unpredictable, recurrent events that rapidly threaten global health and security. We aimed to identify public views regarding provision of information and consent to participate in primary and critical care clinical research during a future influenza‐like illness pandemic.MethodsDescriptive‐interpretive qualitative study, using focus groups (n = 10) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 16), with 80 members of the public (>18 years) in Belgium, Spain, Poland and the UK. Local qualitative researchers followed a scenario‐based topic guide to collect data. Data were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and subject to framework analysis.ResultsPublic understandings of pandemics were shaped by personal factors (illness during the previous H1N1 pandemic, experience of life‐threatening illness) and social factors (historical references, media, public health information). Informants appreciated safeguards provided by ethically robust research procedures, but current enrolment procedures were seen as a barrier. They proposed simplified enrolment processes for higher risk research and consent waiver for certain types of low‐risk research. Decision making about research participation was influenced by contextual, research and personal factors. Informants generally either carefully weighed up various approaches to research participation or responded instinctively. They supported the principle of using routinely collected, anonymized clinical biological samples for research without explicit consent, but regarded this as less acceptable if researchers were motivated primarily by commercial gain.ConclusionsThis bottom‐up approach to ascertaining public views on pandemic clinical research has identified support for more proportionate research protection procedures for publically funded, low‐risk studies.
Detoxification of ivermectin by ATP binding cassette transporter C4 and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 6CJ1 in the human body louse,Pediculus humanus humanus
Authors: Kim J. H. , Gellatly K. J. , Lueke B. , Kohler M. , Nauen R. , Murenzi E. , Yoon K. S. , Clark J. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe previously observed that ivermectin‐induced detoxification genes, includingATP binding cassette transporter C4(PhABCC4) andcytochrome P450 6CJ1(CYP6CJ1) were identified from body lice following a brief exposure to a sublethal dose of ivermectin using a non‐invasive induction assay. In this current study, the functional properties of PhABCC4 and CYP6CJ1 were investigated after expression in eitherX. laevisoocytes or using a baculovirus expression system, respectively. Efflux of [3H]‐9‐(2‐phosphonomethoxyethyl) adenine ([3H]‐PMEA), a known ABCC4 substrate in humans, was detected fromPhABCC4cRNA‐injected oocytes by liquid scintillation spectrophotometric analysis and PhABCC4 expression in oocytes was confirmed using ABC transporter inhibitors. Efflux was also determined to be ATP‐dependent. Using a variety of insecticides in a competition assay, only co‐injection of ivermectin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane led to decreased efflux of [3H]‐PMEA. PhABCC4‐expressing oocytes also directly effluxed [3H]‐ivermectin, which increased over time. In addition, ivermectin appeared to be oxidatively metabolized and/or sequestered, although at low levels, following functional expression of CYP6CJ1 along with cytochrome P450 reductase in Sf9 cells. Our study suggests that PhABCC4 and perhaps CYP6CJ1 are involved in the Phase III and Phase I xenobiotic metabolism of ivermectin, respectively, and may play an important role in the evolution of ivermectin resistance in lice and other insects as field selection occurs.
Implementing statistical modeling approach towards development of ultrafine grained bioceramics: Case of ZrO2‐toughened Al2O3
Authors: Sarkar Debasish , Reddy Bhimavarapu Sambi , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe application of statistical modeling approach with the predictive capability of sinter density and grain size is perceived as a central theme in the development of next generation ceramics. Such computationally intensive method can be equally significant, if the predicted process conditions can be adapted experimentally to develop complex shaped ceramics with variable sizes. In the first ever attempt to address such issues for the ceramics, we have, in the present work, considered a range of factors and levels from relevant process variables (sintering temperature, sintering time) and material variables (sinter‐aid addition and reinforcement content) as input parameters to formulate data‐driven, high throughput analytical assays by response surface method (RSM). Using ZrO2 toughened Al2O3 (ZTA) as a model system, the adopted RSM approach has been used to quantitatively predict independent and interactive role of process and material variables on sinter density and grain size.
Liquid‐phase sintering, microstructural evolution, and microwave dielectric properties of Li2Mg3SnO6–LiF ceramics
Authors: Zuo Ruzhong , Zhang Jian , Song Jie , Xu Yudong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe liquid‐phase sintering behavior and microstructural evolution of x wt% LiF aided Li2Mg3SnO6 ceramics (x = 1‐7) were investigated for the purpose to prepare dense phase‐pure ceramic samples. The grain and pore morphology, density variation, and phase structures were especially correlated with the subsequent microwave dielectric properties. The experimental results demonstrate a typical liquid‐phase sintering in LiF–Li2Mg3SnO6 ceramics, in which LiF proves to be an effective sintering aid for the Li2Mg3SnO6 ceramic and obviously reduces its optimum sintering temperature from ~1200°C to ~850°C. The actual sample density and microstructure (grain and pores) strongly depended on both the amount of LiF additive and the sintering temperature. Higher sintering temperature tended to cause the formation of closed pores in Li2Mg3SnO6‐x wt% LiF ceramics owing to the increase in the migration ability of grain boundary. An obvious transition of fracture modes from transgranular to intergranular ones was observed approximately at x = 4. A single‐phase dense Li2Mg3SnO6 ceramic could be obtained in the temperature range of 875°C‐1100°C, beyond which the secondary phase Li4MgSn2O7 (<850°C) and Mg2SnO4 (>1100°C) appeared. Excellent microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 230 000‐330 000 GHz, εr = ~10.5 and τf = ~−40 ppm/°C were obtained for Li2Mg3SnO6 ceramics with x = 2‐5 as sintered at ~1150°C. For LTCC applications, a desirable Q × f value of ~133 000 GHz could be achieved in samples with x = 3‐4 as sintered at 875°C.
Examining missed care in community nursing: A cross section survey design
Authors: Phelan Amanda , McCarthy Sandra , Adams Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the prevalence of missed care in the community nursing.BackgroundPrevious studies have used a missed care framework to identify challenges routine nursing care in acute care environments. Several issues related to quality of care, safe staffing, job satisfaction and poor teamwork. However, this concept has not been examined in the community nursing context.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was used to explore the concept of missed care in community nursing using demographical information, community nursing roles and reasons for missed care.MethodsOnline questionnaires were completed by 458 community nurses in the Republic of Ireland to determine the prevalence of and reasons for missed care (31 July–25 September 2015).Results/FindingsWith a response rate of 29%, findings were above 70% in several routine care responsibilities. Other findings point to a higher level of missed care in nurses who had less than five years’ experience and other variables such as age, those who worked additional unpaid hours and there were some regional variations.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate a high prevalence of missed care in the community nurses surveyed and that preventative care was the type of care most likely to be missed. This has serious implications for a nursing service that is preventative in nature and suggests that the missed care framework could benefit workforce planning for community nursing services both in Ireland and elsewhere. Accordingly, policy, practice and educational reforms are fundamental to meet current and future population needs.
Kagan on Speciesism and Modal Personism
Authors: Smolkin Doran 
Published: September 2017

AbstractShelly Kagan argues in his ‘What's Wrong with Speciesism?’ for four provocative claims: 1. speciesism is not necessarily a mere prejudice; 2. most people are not speciesists; 3. ‘modal personism’ more closely reflects what most people believe, and 4. modal personism might be true. In this article, I object to Kagan's account of what constitutes a ‘mere prejudice’, and I object to the sort of argument he uses to show that most people are not speciesist. I then attempt to motivate, and defend what I take to be the best version of modal personism; answer several problems for the view; and raise other problems that I think are harder to answer.
Engaging street‐involved youth using an evidence‐based intervention: A preliminary report of findings
Authors: Lynch Joanna , McCay Elizabeth , Aiello Andria , Donald Faith 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProblemStreet‐involved youth experience many barriers to accessing health and social services. There is a literature gap in the literature regarding evidence‐based interventions to facilitate engagement with street‐involved youth.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study of preliminary findings from a large mixed‐methods study was undertaken to assess the impact of a resilience‐based motivational intervention. This intervention was grounded in frameworks including strengths‐based and resilience‐based communication using the Seven C's Model of Resilience, positive youth development, and motivational interviewing that are particularly relevant to youth. Individual interviews were conducted with two subsets of youth who participated (n = 3) or did not participate (n = 3) in the intervention. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes between the intervention and comparison groups.FindingsPreliminary themes identified across the sample include (1) establishing a trusting relationship, (2) strengthening self‐worth and resilience, (3) focusing on goals, and (4) perceiving a sense of hope and possibility.ConclusionsThe themes identified the importance of positive relationships with care providers built upon a foundation of trust to engage youth to remain motivated and focused on their goals.
Zero‐fluoroscopy cryothermal ablation of atrioventricular nodal re‐entry tachycardia guided by endovascular and endocardial catheter visualization using intracardiac echocardiography (Ice&ICE Trial)
Authors: Luani Blerim , Zrenner Bernhard , Basho Maksim , Genz Conrad , Rauwolf Thomas , Tanev Ivan , Schmeisser Alexander , Braun‐Dullaeus Rüdiger C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionStochastic damage of the ionizing radiation to both patients and medical staff is a drawback of fluoroscopic guidance during catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, emerging zero‐fluoroscopy catheter‐guidance techniques are of great interest.Methods and resultsWe investigated, in a prospective pilot study, the feasibility and safety of the cryothermal (CA) slow‐pathway ablation in patients with symptomatic atrioventricular‐nodal‐re‐entry‐tachycardia (AVNRT) using solely intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) for endovascular and endocardial catheter visualization. Twenty‐five consecutive patients (mean age 55.6 ± 12.0 years, 17 female) with ECG‐documentation or symptoms suggesting AVNRT underwent an electrophysiology study (EPS) in our laboratory utilizing ICE for catheter navigation. Supraventricular tachycardia was inducible in 23 (92%) patients; AVNRT was confirmed by appropriate stimulation maneuvers in 20 (80%) patients. All EPS in the AVNRT subgroup could be accomplished without need for fluoroscopy, relying solely on ICE‐guidance. CA guided by anatomical location and slow‐pathway potentials was successful in all patients, median cryo‐mappings = 6 (IQR:3–10), median cryo‐ablations = 2 (IQR:1–3). Fluoroscopy was used to facilitate the trans‐septal puncture and localization of the ablation substrate in the remaining 3 patients (one focal atrial tachycardia and two atrioventricular‐re‐entry‐tachycardias). Mean EPS duration in the AVNRT subgroup was 99.8 ± 39.6 minutes, ICE guided catheter placement 11.9 ± 5.8 minutes, time needed for diagnostic evaluation 27.1 ± 10.8 minutes, and cryo‐application duration 26.3 ± 30.8 minutes.ConclusionsICE‐guided zero‐fluoroscopy CA in AVNRT patients is feasible and safe. Real‐time visualization of the true endovascular borders and cardiac structures allow for safe catheter navigation during the ICE‐guided EPS and might be an alternative to visualization technologies using geometry reconstructions.
Pterygium inversum unguis secondary to gel polish
Authors: Cervantes J. , Sanchez M. , Eber A.E. , Perper M. , Tosti A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPterygium inversum unguis (PIU) is characterized by the abnormal adherence of the hyponychium to the ventral surface of the nail plate. It can be both unsightly and painful, resulting in morbidity for patients. Gel polish is a popular nail cosmetic that has been reported to cause several complications. PIU may be another adverse outcome.ObjectiveTo highlight a newly recognized adverse effect of a popular beauty technique.MethodsThis retrospective and prospective case series reports 17 women who developed PIU after gel polish use. All study‐related activities occurred at a University of Miami dermatology outpatient clinic.ResultsAll 17 subjects developed PIU after two to five years of gel polish application. Nine of 17 patients reported using both UVA and LED light to cure gel polish. Of the remaining eight, five used LED light only and three did not know or could not remember. All but two patients had a resolution of PIU a few weeks after switching from gel polish to regular polish manicures.ConclusionWhile it remains undiscerned whether PIU is related to chemicals present in the gel polish or to the application and/or removal process of such, patients and dermatologists should be aware of the potential risks of gel manicures.
Clinical interpretation of the Uremic Pruritus in Dialysis Patients (UP‐Dial) scale: a novel instrument for the assessment of uremic pruritus
Authors: Nochaiwong S. , Ruengorn C. , Koyratkoson K. , Chaisai C. , Awiphan R. , Thavorn K. , Noppakun K. , Suteeka Y. , Panyathong S. , Chongruksut W. , Nanta S. , Chiewchanvit S. ,   The Thai Renal Outcomes Research (THOR) Investigators
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Uremic Pruritus in Dialysis Patients (UP‐Dial) scale is valid and reliable for uremic pruritus (UP) assessment. However, it remains unknown how the scores should be interpreted in clinical practices.ObjectivesTo establish a clinical interpretation of the UP‐Dial by identifying severity cut‐off scores according to the disease severity and burden of pruritus.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study developed a classification system for the UP‐Dial scores using the patient‐based anchors method. From May 2012 through January 2017, 697 dialysis patients were screened. Of these, a total of 258 met the criteria for UP and completed the UP‐Dial scale and three sets of patient‐assessed anchor questions: (i) global UP intensity by visual analogue scale (VAS)‐UP, (ii) Dermatology Life Quality Index and (iii) global kidney disease‐related quality of life. The cut‐off scores were generated based on the kappa (κ) coefficient of agreement and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC) statistics. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore associations between patient characteristics and the UP‐Dial severity bands.ResultsThe proposed scores were ≤12 (mild), 13–21 (moderate) and ≥22 (severe) with κ coefficient ranging between 0.39 and 0.46. Assigned scores were associated with all patient‐based anchors. The highest association was with the VAS‐UP, and AuROC was 0.80 (mild; 95% CI, 0.75–0.86), 0.66 (moderate; 0.60–0.71) and 0.83 (severe; 0.77–0.89). In subgroup analysis according to patient characteristics, we did not find any significant difference.ConclusionsThe estimated UP‐Dial severity band can facilitate the interpretation of UP in practice‐based research settings and can be used to support treatment decisions.
Nutrition‐related hospital presentations and admissions among radiotherapy outpatients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hazzard E. , Walton K. , McMahon A.‐T. , Milosavljevic M. , Tapsell L. C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundUnplanned presentations and admissions to hospital among outpatients with cancer are a key indicator of quality care in cancer services. Nutritional issues including malnutrition and dehydration, which fall under the dietitian's scope of practice, can result in unplanned contacts. The present review focused on cancer outpatients undergoing radiotherapy as a particular at risk group and aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the range and prevalence of nutrition‐related unplanned contacts and the associated factors, including the role of dietetic intervention.MethodsA systematic review analysed studies published between 1990 and August 2016 from five databases. Eligible studies reported rates of nutrition‐related unplanned contacts among adult nonhaematological cancer outpatients, treated with nonpalliative radiotherapy. Studies were screened for eligibility, extracted, descriptively analysed and synthesised.ResultsFifteen studies were included. Common causes of nutrition‐related unplanned contacts included dehydration and enteral feeding commencement and complications. Factors that influenced nutrition‐related unplanned contacts included tumour location and stage, treatment modality and the presence of a feeding tube. There were issues in determining the prevalence and identifying dietetic interventions partly as a result of the heterogeneity in reported study designs and varying definitions of nutrition‐related unplanned contacts.ConclusionsNutrition‐related problems appear to be associated with unplanned contacts in cancer outpatients undergoing radiotherapy. Hence, there is a strategic need for dietetic involvement aiming to reduce these. Further research is required to define the role of the dietitian in managing nutrition‐related unplanned contacts, particularly for dehydration. This may help to define the full scope of practice for dietitians caring for these nutritionally vulnerable and complex outpatients.
Advanced spinning disk‐TIRF microscopy for faster imaging of the cell interior and the plasma membrane
Authors: ZOBIAK BERND , FAILLA ANTONIO VIRGILIO 
Published: September 2017

SummaryUnderstanding the cellular processes that occur between the cytosol and the plasma membrane is an important task for biological research. Till now, however, it was not possible to combine fast and high‐resolution imaging of both the isolated plasma membrane and the surrounding intracellular volume. Here, we demonstrate the combination of fast high‐resolution spinning disk (SD) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for specific imaging of the plasma membrane. A customised SD‐TIRF microscope was used with specific design of the light paths that allowed, for the first time, live SD‐TIRF experiments at high acquisition rates. A series of experiments is shown to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of our setup.
Imaging analysis of the interface between osteoblasts and microrough surfaces of laser‐sintered titanium alloy constructs
Authors: CHENG A. , CHEN H. , SCHWARTZ Z. , BOYAN B.D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPrevious work using focused ion beam (FIB) analysis of osteoblasts on smooth and microrough Ti surfaces showed that the average cell aspect ratio and distance from the surface are greater on the rough surface. In order to better interrogate the relationship between individual cells and their substrate using multiple imaging modalities, we developed a method that tracks the same cell across confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to correlate surface microroughness with cell morphology and cytoskeleton; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to provide higher resolution for observation of nanoroughness as well as chemical mapping via energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy; and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for high‐resolution imaging. FIB was used to prepare thin sections of the cell‐material interface for TEM, or for three‐dimensional electron tomography. Cells were cultured on laser‐sintered Ti‐6Al‐4V substrates with polished or etched surfaces. Direct cell to surface attachments were observed across surfaces, though bridging across macroscale surface features occurred on rough substrates. Our results show that surface roughness, cell cytoskeleton and gross morphology can be correlated with the cell‐material cross‐sectional interface at the single cell level across multiple high‐resolution imaging modalities. This work provides a platform method for further investigating mechanisms of the cell‐material interface.