bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P157 THE USE OF PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH TO PROMOTE INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES AMONG AFRICAN WOMEN WITH/AT RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN GQEBERHA, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mfono Zitandile 
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives:
Poor vegetable and fruit intake are reported in multiple studies of the South African population, especially among people with less income and lower educational status and it is a known risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as hypertension. “South Africa has one of the highest levels of hypertension globally, coupled with poor rates of diagnosis, treatment and control” Ware et al., (2019). It has been suggested that indigenous vegetables may aid in increasing vegetable intake, a recommendation of the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines. As urbanisation and the nutrition transition increases in South Africa, the loss of indigenous knowledge and utilisation of indigenous vegetables is significant and is worse compared to countries such as Kenya and Tanzania. The aim of this study was to collaboratively promote the use of indigenous vegetables by African women in a peri-urban area with/at risk of hypertension with the goal of improving agency to increase vegetable intake.

Methods:
A qualitative participatory action research (PAR) methodology was utilised. African adult women with hypertension or at risk of hypertension were recruited from a local healthcare facility for a one year long project, with a total enrolment of 12-24 participants. Data collection included observations, focus groups, key informant interviews and the research journal of the researcher.

Results:
Participants worked collaboratively to co-construct relevant nutrition education materials, recipe development using local indigenous vegetables, clinic open day and a seminar for other community members. There was greater uptake of vegetable gardening at home and at the local community centre.

Conclusions:
using PAR methodologies to address inadequate vegetable intake and promote the use of indigenous vegetable crops may benefit personal agency which includes an individual's perceptions about how much control they have over themselves and their environment, in order to carry out a certain behaviour; self-confidence or efficacy; the ability to self-regulate and monitor behaviour and the ability to identify and use good coping skills.
P158 EDUCATION AS A PARAMETER FOR MANAGEMENT IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Moya Luis , Lombo Ricardo , Escobar Hugo , Cely Leidy , Santoyo Ana , Saenz Ludy , Castro Mauricio , Jiménez Oscar , Chamié Katya 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Despite advancements, hypertension and its associated factors remain the leading cause of global death with concerning increases. This study aimed to estimate whether the impact of mass education in adults and subsequently in adolescents and children in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia S.A influenced their knowledge of these factors.

Methods:
Cross-sectional and prospective community study in individuals > 18 years, with open invitation to various points of care collecting information with Framingham surveys, blood pressure measurement, anthropometric variables, educational level, history, associated factors, and cardiovascular diseases knowledge of causes (CDKC). Conducting four sessions: (1) December 2018, without prior educational intervention (PEI), (2) March 2019, PEI adults, (3) July 2019, PEI in adolescents and children‘s schools, (4) March 2024 long-term evaluation. PEI for adults included in-person lectures, media, and printed materials, for schools (13) lectures, printed materials, and educational video games.

Results:
3,025 people were surveyed, with a mean age of 49.9 years (SD ± 14.3); men 46%. Of the total, 52% were sedentary, 47% overweight, and 8% obese, smoking 11%, alcohol consumption 31%, diabetes 7.3%, cholesterol 56.4%, hypertension 32.1%, and CDKC 37%. Comparatively among the records, hypertension: (1) 37.4%, (2) 32.1%, (3) 32.6%, (4) 26.6%. CDKC: (1) 22.1%, (2) 38.6%, (3) 43.4%, and (4) 47%, its correlation with other variables and other risk factors are part of another report.

Conclusions:
We highlight the positive impact of educational intervention more in schools, evidenced by the increase in knowledge from 22.1% to 43.4% (p<0.001), and the decrease in hypertension from 37.4% to 32.6% (p<0.001). This knowledge increased to 47% in the long-term evaluation, reflected in the lower prevalence of hypertension 26.6%. These two parameters were not as significant with education only in adults, where we usually direct our campaigns, forgetting adolescents and children as the family guiding axis to change the course not only of cardiovascular diseases but also of chronic pathologies.
P166 EXPLORING AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN HEMODYNAMICS: INSIGHTS FROM 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING
Authors: Aristizabal-Ocampo Dagnovar , Alvarez-Montoya Diego , Gallo-Villegas Jaime 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Aging is associated with progressive alterations in the structure and function of the heart and arteries, which can occur independently. This study aims to investigate the hemodynamic changes occurring in aging normotensive subjects concerning heart and arterial function. We employed a novel method based on blood pressure values obtained during 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-h ABPM).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 3,220 non-obese patients referred for 24-h ABPM, who did not have hypertension and were not taking any medications. 24-hour mean hemodynamics was obtained using a non-invasive method based on Ct. Ct was estimated as: Ct/BSA= 38/PPth+ 4/5 × Td/T - 3/7, where BSA: body surface area, Td: diastolic time, T: cardiac period, and PPth: theoretical pulse pressure. The stroke volume (SV) was estimation as: SV= Ct (PP+MSP ×Ts/τ), where PP: pulse pressure, MSP: mean systolic pressure, Ts: systolic time, τ: diastolic pressure decay time constant. Cardiac output (CO) and SVR were obtained using conventional formulas.

Results:
Among the participants, 64.6% were female, with an average age of 51.0±15.3 years, Ct of 0.96±0.21 mL/mmHg, CO of 5.2±0.68 L/min, and SRV of 1394±178 dyn.s/cm5. An age-related reduction in stroke index and cardiac index are noteworthy, stabilizing from the sixth decade of life onward (41.1±2.0 mL/m2 and 3.0±0.23 L/min/m2, respectively). Conversely, Ct exhibits an early increase from the third to fifth decades of life (1.04±0.18 mL/mmHg), followed by a continuous and gradual decline until the ninth decade (0.71±0.16 mL/mmHg). Meanwhile, SVR demonstrates an upward trend until reaching and maintaining high values from the sixth decade of life (1426±167 dyn.s/cm5) onward with a clear shift in arterial hemodynamics (Analysis of variance [ANOVA]; P value <0.001) (Figure).

Conclusions:
The current method based on 24-hour ABPM effectively portrays the cardiac and arterial hemodynamics that mirror age-related circulatory alterations. This method offers a valuable pathophysiological basis for understanding the aging blood pressure profile.
P170 OXIDIZED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN POTENTIATES ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED GQ ACTIVATION THROUGH THE AT1 - LOX1 RECEPTOR COMPLEX
Authors: Nozato Yoichi , Ihara Jittoku , Huang Yibin , Takami Yoichi , Kakino Akemi , Sakai Shinsuke , Isaka Yoshitaka , Rakugi Hiromi , Sawamura Tatsuya , Yamamoto Koichi 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atherosclerotic heart disease, often associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension, represent significant health concerns. This study investigates the interplay among these conditions, focusing on the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in renal injury via G protein αq subunit (Gq) signaling. The hypothesis is that oxLDL enhances Ang II-induced Gq signaling via the AT1-LOX1 receptor complex.

Methods
Experiments were conducted using CHO cells and renal cell models. The effects of oxLDL and Ang II on Gq-mediated inositol phosphate 1 production and calcium influx were examined in cells expressing both lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX-1) and Ang II receptor type 1 (AT1), and in cells expressing only AT1. Additionally, conformational studies using AT1 biosensors were performed. In vivo studies involved wild-type mice and LOX-1 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet with Ang II infusion.

Results:
OxLDL alone did not activate Gq signaling. However, when combined with Ang II, it significantly potentiated Gq-mediated inositol phosphate 1 production and calcium influx in cells expressing both LOX-1 and AT1, but not in AT1-expressing cells. AT1 biosensors indicated a unique receptor conformational change due to the oxLDL-Ang II combination. In vivo, wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet with Ang II infusion showed exacerbated renal injury, whereas LOX-1 knockout mice did not.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest a critical synergistic interaction between oxLDL and Ang II in the AT1-LOX1 receptor complex, driving renal injury in CKD. This study highlights a novel mechanism of renal injury in CKD driven by dyslipidemia and hypertension and suggests the therapeutic potential of targeting the AT1-LOX1 receptor complex in patients with these comorbidities.
P171 WATER DEPRIVATION REDUCES WATER INTAKE AND INCREASES SUCROSE INTAKE IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS: POSSIBLE MECHANISMS
Authors: Paes Milede , Pereira Emilson , Colombari Eduardo , Menani José , Colombari Débora 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Water deprivation (WD), a common situation in wild and human lives, can induce an increase in sucrose palatability in SHR. However, it is not known if SHR also has an increase in sucrose intake after WD and if this intake is related to energy intake, as WD reduces food intake, or to the change in sucrose palatability.

Methods:
Adult (∼12 weeks) male Holtzman (normotensive, NT) or SHR rats (n = 20/strain) were used. In protocol 1, all rats were first subjected to 24-h WD. Food consumption was measured during WD and was used for the non-water deprived (ND)/food restricted (FD) group to equal energy consumption. Three days after the WD, rats were randomly assigned to the 24-hour WD or the ND/FR group. In protocol 2, animals were implanted with an intraoral cannula and were randomly assigned as above.

Results:
In the WD condition, water intake was greater in NT (15.9 ± 1.1, vs. SHR: 8.6 ± 0.2 mL/120 min, p < 0.05), whereas sucrose intake was greater in SHR (8.8 ± 0.7, vs. NT: 2.1 ± 1 mL/120 min, p< 0.05). In the ND/FR condition, water intake was very low in both strains, however, SHR had a higher sucrose intake compared to NT (11.5 ± 2.0, vs. NT: 3.3 ± 1.8 mL/120 min; p < 0.05). In NT rats, in the WD condition, there was a decrease in sucrose palatability compared to the ND/FR condition, whereas in SHR palatability was similar in the WD or ND/FR condition. SHR have a greater mean arterial pressure than NT (167 ± 3 vs, NT: 105 ± 2 mmHg).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that SHR favours energy intake during WD, since during ND/FR they drank equivalent amount of sucrose. This suggestion is supported by the absence of a greater palatability to sucrose in SHR when food is restricted.

Support:
CAPES PrINT, FAPESP, CNPq
P173 ASSESSMENT OF URINARY SODIUM EXCRETION AND IT'S ASSOCIATION WITH BLOOD PRESSURE IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Iqbal Md Masud , Banerjee S K , Chowdhury M AA , Hassan M Z , Hassan M S , Adhikary D K , Arslan M I 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:
Amount of salt intake has been shown to relate with level of blood pressure. Measuring urinary sodium (Na) is one of the ways to assess that indirectly. This study was carried out to identify the urinary sodium excretion pattern, as a surrogate of salt intake, and its association with blood pressure in a rural community of Bangladesh.
Method: In this survey adult subjects were selected randomly from a rural area. Systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90mmHg or subjects taking antihypertensive medications were considered for hypertension. The 24 hour urinary sodium excretion (24hUrNa) from spot urine samples was calculated according to formula of Kawasaki et al.

Results:
Around 1095 subjects participated in this study. Hypertension was present in 23% subjects. Comparison of normotensive vs. hypertensive subjects showed age 40±12 vs. 46±14 years, (p<0.001) without any difference in 24hUrNa excretion as 4.4±1.6 vs. 4.5±1.9 g/day (P=NS) and UrNa/UrCr ratio as 135±96 vs. 147±145 mEq/g (P=NS) in two groups. Further comparisons of four different 24hr urinary Na excretion groups (<2.3, 2.3-3.6, 3.6-4.8 and >4.8 g/day) showed that their distribution is similar in both normotensive and hypertensive groups (7.9 vs. 8.4%, 23.0 vs. 25.3%, 27.9 vs. 23.2% and 41.3% vs. 43.0%, respectively, P=NS). Another analysis of hypertensive subjects with only systolic HTN, diastolic HTN and both BP raised subjects showed similar 24hUrNa excretion among all (4.4±1.8, 4.4±1.5 and 4.8±1.2 g/day, P=NS, respectively). Bivariate correlations showed no relation of blood pressure with urinary Na excretion. The logistic regression analysis showed a strong influence of age, blood sugar, HbA1c, TG, Cholesterol and eGFR on blood pressure.

Conclusion:
In this study, based on urinary Na excretion, it is found that nearly 90% of the rural population is taking salt above the recommended limit. Higher urinary sodium excretion, an indicator of high salt intakes, has no apparent association with blood pressure among them.
P175 ESTIMATION OF SODIUM INTAKE CAN BE IMPROVED BY CORRECTION OF 24H SODIUM EXCRETION FOR 24H URINE VOLUME
Authors: Van Vliet Anne Myrthe , Rauh Manfred , Titze Jens , Engberink Rik Olde 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Long-term sodium (Na) balance studies demonstrated that 24 h sodium excretion does not reflect 24 h sodium intake, which complicates the use of 24 h urine sodium measurements for sodium intake estimation. This discrepancy has been linked to infradian rhythms of aldosterone and cortisol, which are responsible for adaptive responses targeted to (renal) water conservation. We hypothesize that correction for these parameters will improve the accuracy of sodium intake estimates.

Methods:
We used data from two sodium balance studies that controlled dietary salt intake for 105 (4 men) and 205 days (6 men) at levels of 6, 9 and 12 g/day. We tested whether correction of 24 h urine sodium for 24 h urine volume, 24 h urine potassium, 24 h urine urea, 24 h urine aldosterone, 24 h urine cortisol, 24 h urine cortisol/cortisone and/or urine osmolality, increased the accuracy of 24 h sodium intake estimates using forward selection linear mixed-effects analysis with a random intercept per participant.

Results:
The median difference between 24 h sodium intake and excretion was 26 mmol (IQR 13 - 45 mmol). 24 h urine sodium explained only 49% of the variance in 24 h sodium intake. In 7 out of 10 subjects, 24 h urine volume was of most added value to the model, after 24 h urine sodium, increasing R2 with 0.08±0.03. Including 24 h urine volume in the model significantly improved the model fit (P<0.001, marginal R2 0.55). The addition of urine urea, urine aldosterone and urine osmolality also contributed significantly but the marginal R2 only further increased to 0.56. After correction of 24 h urine sodium for 24 h urine volume, sodium intake could be estimated more accurately: the 50-mmol discrepancy between 24 h sodium intake and excretion was reduced from 18% to 10% and the 25-mmol discrepancy from 52% to 43% (P<0.001, Figure 1).

Conclusions:
In healthy young males, estimation of sodium intake can be improved by correcting 24 h urine sodium for 24 h urine volume.
P176 SPOT URINE FORMULAS OVERESTIMATE DIETARY SODIUM INTAKE DURING LOW SODIUM CONSUMPTION
Authors: Engberink Rik Olde , van Vliet Myrthe , Vogt Liffert , Frings-Meuthen Petra , Heer Martina 
Published: September 2024

Background and objective:
Long-term sodium balance studies have revealed a phenomenon of temporary storage of sodium in tissues. Consequently, relying on an individual's single 24-hour urine collections may lead to an unreliable estimation of sodium intake. Our recent research has shown that the accuracy of repeated spot urine collections is equal to that of a single 24-hour urine collection at a sodium intake level of 5 gram/day. Since no data is available about the performance at recommended sodium intake (i.e., <2 grams/day), we determined their accuracy during low sodium consumption.

Methods:
We performed a post-hoc analysis on data from a metabolic ward study in which 16 healthy male adults consumed a diet with a fixed sodium content of 50 or 200 mmol/day for 7 days. Each day, urine was collected in 4 intervals (7:00-13:00 h, 13:00-19:00 h, 19:00-23:00 h, 23:00-07:00 h). We estimated sodium intake by the European Toft formula using urines of the same interval on 3 consecutive days during steady state (day 5-7). In sensitivity analyses we applied the Tanaka and Kawasaki formulas.

Results:
During a 200-mmol sodium intake, the Toft formula estimates appeared the most accurate, deviating 10 [IQR 3-14], 8 [6-19], 36 [16-49] and 20 [10-43] mmol from the intake for intervals 7:00-13:00 h, 13:00-19:00 h, 19:00-23:00 h, 23:00-07:00 h, respectively (Figure 1A). This accuracy did not significantly differ from a single 24-hour urine (20 [12-55] mmol). However, at a 50-mmol sodium intake, the Toft formula estimates deviated 62 [IQR 45-69], 75 [67-97], 99 [90-109] and 51 [45-61] mmol from the intake for similar intervals (Figure 1B). These estimates were significantly less accurate than a single 24-hour urine (9 [6-23] mmol). Although the Tanaka equation outperformed the Toft equation, this formula was also significantly inferior to a 24-hour urine collection.

Conclusions:
Repeated spot urine collection substantially overestimates sodium intake when sodium intake is low, whereas it performs similarly to a 24-hour urine collection at an average sodium intake.
P179 CARDIOMETABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONS IN THE OFFSPRING OF FRUCTOSE-OVERLOADED RATS: EVIDENCE FOR THE CHOLINERGIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY REFLEX
Authors: de Miranda Victor Hugo Martins , dos Santos Camila Paixão , Neves Pietra Petrica , Nascimento-Filho Antonio Viana , Dutra Marina R. H. , Bernardes Nathalia , de Souza Leandro Ezequiel , Guitierre Robson Campos , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , De Angelis Katia 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Studies have reported an increase in the consumption of processed foods high in fructose (F), which has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex (CAT) pathway appears to play an important role in this condition. This study investigated the role of the CAT pathway by splenic and vagal denervation (D) and treatment with galantamine (GAL) on cardiometabolic and autonomic parameters in the offspring of rats subjected to chronic fructose consumption.

Methods:
Wistar rats (parents) were given fructose (10% drinking water) or water for 60 days. The rats were then mated and the fructose overload was maintained for females until the end of lactation. The offspring were randomized into 4 groups (n=10/5 per sex): Control (C), F, F+GAL, and F+D+GAL. GAL (5 mg/kg), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was administered 30 days by gavage. D was performed at 21 days. The offspring were evaluated at 51 days.

Results:
Compared with the C group (3.63±0.24 mg/dl/%/min), the F and F+D+GAL groups (2.8±0.20 and 2.9±0.14 mg/dl/%/min) had a worsening of insulin sensitivity. The F+GAL (370±79 mg) and F+D+GAL groups (310±75 mg) had reduced adipose tissue compared to the C (708±121 mg) and F (980±160 mg) groups. The F and F+D+GAL groups (vs. C group) had increased mean arterial pressure (AP) (114±1.9 and 115±1.4 vs. 101±2.2mmHg), heart rate (381±5 and 369±5 vs. 343±10bpm), and low frequency component of systolic AP (4.95±0.49 and 3.33±0.23 vs. 1.62±0.2mmHg2). The F+GAL group had an increase in cardiac vagal modulation (HF-PI and RMSSD). F and F+D+GAL groups (vs. C) had impairment of baroreflex (-3.24±0.26 and -3.48±0.1 vs. -3.93±0.1bpm/mmHg), and F+GAL group improved this parameter.

Conclusion:
Our data provide evidence for the involvement of CAT in cardiometabolic dysfunction in the offspring of parents exposed to chronic fructose consumption. Such findings highlight the importance of therapeutic strategies that improve autonomic modulation to prevent early changes in offspring of metabolically overburdened parents.

Financial support:
FAPESP(2022/04050-1), CNPq, CAPES-PROSUP.
P180 CONTRIBUTION OF AFFERENT RENAL NERVES TO HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Shinohara Keisuke , Ikeda Shota , Nakashima Ryosuke , Matsumoto Sho , Abe Kohtaro 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Renal nerves contain efferent and afferent fibers. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of afferent renal nerves to the development of hypertension and hypertensive heart failure in several rat models of hypertension.

Methods:
Selective afferent renal nerve denervation (ARDN) or sham operation was performed in the following models: (1) SHRSP at 9 weeks; (2) 4% high-salt diet (HS)-fed SHRSP at 8 weeks (HS from 8 weeks); and (3) 8% HS-fed Dahl salt-sensitive rats at 9 weeks (HS from 6 weeks). Dahl rats fed 0.3% low-salt diet were controls for (3). Blood pressure (BP) was measured by telemetry in (1) and (2), and by tail-cuff method in (3).

Results:
(1) Mean BP was elevated from 9 weeks to 11 weeks in sham-SHRSP (155.2±2.0 vs 144.0±1.9 mmHg, n=10, p<0.05). Mean BP in ARDN-SHRSP (157.8±2.7 mmHg, n=10) did not differ from sham-SHRSP at 11 weeks. (2) Mean BP increased from 8 weeks to 11 weeks in HS-sham-SHRSP (191.5±8.1 vs 126.5±4.0 mmHg, n=6, p<0.05). Mean BP in HS-ARDN-SHRSP (186.0±7.1 mmHg, n=6) did not differ from HS-sham-SHRSP at 11 weeks. (3) Systolic BP increased (243.6±7.0 vs 140.0±2.7 mmHg, n=9 each, p<0.05) and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening decreased (25.9±1.7 vs 48.8±0.4%, p<0.05) in HS-sham-Dahl rats compared to low-salt controls at 16 weeks (“HFrEF” phase). LV weight, lung weight, and LV fibrosis were significantly increased in HS-sham-Dahl rats compared to controls. ARDN attenuated these changes except for BP. At 12 weeks (pre-HFrEF phase), plasma norepinephrine levels increased in HS-sham-Dahl rats compared to controls and were attenuated by ARDN (controls 188.7±16.5, HS-sham 563.8±82.7, HS-ARDN 327.4±50.2 pg/ml; n=15, 12, 14; p<0.05).

Conclusions:
Signals from afferent renal nerves contribute to sympathoexcitation and the development of HFrEF without affecting BP in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, but not to the development of hypertension in SHRSP and HS-fed SHRSP.