bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss ofIkbkapCauses Slow, Progressive Retinal Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Familial Dysautonomia
Authors: Ueki Yumi , Ramirez Grisela , Salcedo Ernesto , Stabio Maureen E. , Lefcort Frances 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFamilial dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive congenital neuropathy that is caused by a mutation in the gene for inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex-associated protein (IKBKAP). Although FD patients suffer from multiple neuropathies, a major debilitation that affects their quality of life is progressive blindness. To determine the requirement forIkbkapin the developing and adult retina, we generatedIkbkapconditional knockout (CKO) mice using aTUBA1apromoter-Cre (Tα1-Cre). In the retina,Tα1-Creexpression is detected predominantly in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). At 6 months, significant loss of RGCs had occurred in the CKO retinas, with the greatest loss in the temporal retina, which is the same spatial phenotype observed in FD, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and dominant optic atrophy. Interestingly, the melanopsin-positive RGCs were resistant to degeneration. By 9 months, signs of photoreceptor degeneration were observed, which later progressed to panretinal degeneration, including RGC and photoreceptor loss, optic nerve thinning, Müller glial activation, and disruption of layers. Taking these results together, we conclude that althoughIkbkapis not required for normal development of RGCs, its loss causes a slow, progressive RGC degeneration most severely in the temporal retina, which is later followed by indirect photoreceptor loss and complete retinal disorganization. This mouse model of FD is not only useful for identifying the mechanisms mediating retinal degeneration, but also provides a model system in which to attempt to test therapeutics that may mitigate the loss of vision in FD patients.
Boosting Gene Mapping Power and Efficiency with Efficient Exact Variance Component Tests of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Sets
Authors: Zhou Jin J , Hu Tao , Qiao Dandi , Cho Michael H , Zhou Hua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set tests have been a powerful method in analyzing next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. The popular sequence kernel association test (SKAT) method tests a set of variants as random effects in the linear mixed model setting. Its P-value is calculated based on asymptotic theory that requires a large sample size. Therefore, it is known that SKAT is conservative and can lose power at small or moderate sample sizes. Given the current cost of sequencing technology, scales of NGS are still limited. In this report, we derive and implement computationally efficient, exact (nonasymptotic) score (eScore), likelihood ratio (eLRT), and restricted likelihood ratio (eRLRT) tests, ExactVCTest, that can achieve high power even when sample sizes are small. We perform simulation studies under various genetic scenarios. Our ExactVCTest (i.e., eScore, eLRT, eRLRT) exhibits well-controlled type I error. Under the alternative model, eScore P-values are universally smaller than those from SKAT. eLRT and eRLRT demonstrate significantly higher power than eScore, SKAT, and SKAT optimal (SKAT-o) across all scenarios and various samples sizes. We applied these tests to an exome sequencing study. Our findings replicate previous results and shed light on rare variant effects within genes. The software package is implemented in the open source, high-performance technical computing language Julia, and is freely available at https://github.com/Tao-Hu/VarianceComponentTest.jl. Analysis of each trait in the exome sequencing data set with 399 individuals and 16,619 genes takes around 1 min on a desktop computer.
Early EEG Grade and Outcome at 5 Years After Mild Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Murray Deirdre M. , O’Connor Catherine M. , Ryan C. Anthony , Korotchikova Irina , Boylan Geraldine B. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE:
More than half of all infants with neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are graded as mild and do not meet current criteria for therapeutic hypothermia. These infants are often not enrolled in follow-up, and hence our knowledge of their long-term outcome is sparse. We wished to compare 5-year outcomes in a group of infants with mild, moderate, and severe HIE, graded with both early EEG and clinical assessment, none of whom were treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

METHODS:
Term infants with HIE and a healthy comparison group were recruited at birth. Both groups had early continuous EEG recordings. Cognitive and motor outcome was assessed at 5 years.

RESULTS:
Outcome was available in 53 infants with HIE and 30 infants in the comparison group at 5 years. Infants with mild HIE at birth (n = 22) had significantly lower full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ than comparison infants (n = 30) at 5 years (P = .001, .001, and 0.004, respectively). No difference in cognitive measures was seen between infants with mild and moderate grades HIE. Intact survival at 5 years varied across EEG grade HIE at 6 hours after birth; 75% in mild, 46% in moderate, 43% in major abnormalities, and 0% with inactive EEGs, compared with 97% in the comparison group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Survivors of mild HIE, graded clinically or by early EEG, have higher rates of disability than their peers and have cognitive outcomes similar to that of children with moderate encephalopathy in an uncooled HIE cohort.
Maintenance of red-tail coral snake (Micrurus mipartitus) in captivity and evaluation of individual venom variability
Authors: Henao Duque Ana María , Núñez Rangel Vitelbina 
Published: September 2016

La coral “rabo de ají” es una coral bicolor larga y delgada. Esta especie está ampliamente distribuida en Colombia y es la coral que causa el mayor número de accidentes en la región Andina, por esto es importante mantener esta especie en cautiverio con fines de producción de antivenenos e investigación. No obstante, el mantenimiento de esta especie en cautiverio es difícil, debido a que se rehúsan a alimentarse voluntariamente y a que presentan alta mortalidad por el denominado síndrome de mal adaptación. En este estudio se evaluaron varios sustratos para el mantenimiento, además de una dieta forzada y una técnica de ordeño. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la variabilidad individual del veneno a través de cromatografía liquida de alta eficiencia (HPLC), electroforesis (SDS-PAGE) y las actividades coagulante, anticoagulante y hemolítica indirecta. Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que fue posible incrementar la sobrevivencia de esta especie en cautiverio, así como determinar algunos factores importantes en su mantenimiento. A partir de la evaluación del veneno se encontraron diferencias en el número y en la intensidad de picos en la cromatografía, así como en algunas de sus actividades biológicas.
Planktic foraminiferal diversity: logistic growth overprinted by a varying environment
Authors: Cárdenas-Rozo Andrés L. , Harries Peter J. 
Published: September 2016

Este estudio evalúa estadísticamente la relación entre el patrón de diversidad global de los foraminíferos planctónicos en el largo plazo (~170 Ma al Reciente) y los cuatro modelos de diversificación propuestos desde la rama de la paleobiología: (i) “Reina Roja” (Van Valen, 1973; Raup et al., 1973), (ii) remplazo pausado (Vrba, 1985; Brett y Baird, 1995), (iii) diversidad en equilibrio (Sepkoski, 1978; Rosenzweig, 1995), y (iv) el “crecimiento logístico complicado” (Alroy, 2010a). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la forma de este patrón global de diversidad y la inter-relación entre las tasas de extinción y originación de este grupo no corresponden con los primeros tres modelos anteriormente citados. Sin embargo, estos pueden ser explicados bajo el cuarto escenario. Consecuentemente, las dinámicas de diversidad (i.e. patrón de diversidad y tasas de extinción y originación) de este grupo posiblemente son controladas por la combinación de la competencia interespecífica de los foraminíferos planctónicos y varios cambios ambientales tales como temperaturas globales marinas que pudieron impactar el número de nichos dentro de la capa superior de los océanos. Además, otros patrones globales de diversidad en el largo plazo han sido interpretados como el reflejo del modelo de crecimiento logístico complicado, lo que sugiere que la relación entre factores abióticos y bióticos tiene un carácter fundamental en los procesos evolutivos que han sucedido a lo largo de la historia de la vida.
APPENDIX:Planktic foraminiferal diversity: logistic growth overprinted by a varying environment
Authors: Cárdenas Rozo Andrés L. , Harries Peter J. 
Published: September 2016

Cárdenas Rozo AL, Harries PJ. Planktic foraminiferal diversity: logistic growth overprinted by a varying environment. Acta biol. Colomb. 2016;21(3):501-508. The statistical analyses, were done using R (The R Project for Statistical Computing, www.r-project.org). This appendix includes: Supplementary data Supplementary methods Tables 1 to 11 Figures 1 to 4 Supplementary references
Segmentation of color images by chromaticity features using self-organizing maps
Authors: García-Lamont Farid , Cuevas Rasgado Alma Delia , Niño Membrillo Yedid Erandini 
Published: September 2016

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features.
Probability of correct reconstruction in compressive spectral imaging
Authors: Pinilla Samuel Eduardo , Vargas García Héctor Miguel , Arguello Fuentes Henry 
Published: September 2016

Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging (CASSI) systems capture the 3-dimensional (3D) spatio-spectral information of a scene using a set of 2-dimensional (2D) random coded Focal Plane Array (FPA) measurements. A compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm is then used to recover the underlying spatio-spectral 3D data cube. The quality of the reconstructed spectral images depends exclusively on the CASSI sensing matrix, which is determined by the statistical structure of the coded apertures. The Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) of the CASSI sensing matrix is used to determine the probability of correct image reconstruction and provides guidelines for the minimum number of FPA measurement shots needed for image reconstruction. Further, the RIP can be used to determine the optimal structure of the coded projections in CASSI. This article describes the CASSI optical architecture and develops the RIP for the sensing matrix in this system. Simulations show the higher quality of spectral image reconstructions when the RIP property is satisfied. Simulations also illustrate the higher performance of the optimal structured projections in CASSI.
Nanocristales para degradación de un colorante contaminante
Authors: Castro Acuña Giovanni Andrés , Reyes Cuellar Julia Constanza 
Published: September 2016

La fotoestabilidad de nanocristales (NCs) del grupo II-VI, como CdSe se aprovecha en procesos de fotocatálisis. Sin embargo, el contenido de metales tóxicos limita su aplicación en el ambiente en la remediación de residuos de las industrias textiles, de pieles y de papel. Se comparó la acción catalítica de CdS y ZnS, estabilizadas con dodecil sulfato de sodio y ácido etilendiaminotetraacetico, respectivamente, para el tratamiento fotocatalítico del colorante azul de metileno (AM) con radiación UV. Las dos clases de NCs presentaron bandas de absorción desplazadas hacia 500 nm y bandas de emisión fluorescente a 430-440 nm. Estas características ópticas se atribuyen al tamaño (20-50 y 100-150 nm), confirmado por microscopía electrónica. La degradación del AM por NCs alcanzó rendimientos del 92% y 77% para ZnS y CdS respectivamente, mediante la producción fotocatalítica de radicales hidroxilos capaces de participar en procesos redox. En conclusión, NCs se aprecian como catalizadores eficientes para la remediación de AM, un colorante aromático heterocíclico de amplio uso industrial.
Izolált hasnyálmirigy-sérülés sikeres műtéti kezelése
Authors: Chanis William , Pataki István , Mohos György , Soultan Thabet Ghayth , Al-Hamadi Mohamed 
Published: September 2016

Absztrakt
Fiatal, 25 éves férfi betegünk esetét mutatjuk be, aki politraumatizált
állapotban került felvételre. Kórházunk intenzív osztályán kezeltük és a tompa
hasi sérülésből eredő izolált hasnyálmirigy-rupturát kétlépcsős műtéti
kezeléssel oldottuk meg.
The cost of virtual wins: An examination of gambling-related risks in youth who spend money on social casino games
Authors: King Daniel L. , Russell Alex , Gainsbury Sally , Delfabbro Paul H. , Hing Nerilee 
Published: September 2016

Background and aims
Social casino games (SCGs) are not technically considered a form of gambling but they do enable players to spend money in a game that is gambling themed or structurally approximate to gambling. It has been theorized that SCGs could be a gateway to gambling activities or otherwise normalize the experience of gambling for young people, particularly when money becomes involved. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adolescents’ financial expenditure in SCGs was associated with broader gambling activity, including level of participation, expenditure, and problem gambling symptoms.

Methods
An online survey was administered to 555 adolescents, including 130 SCG players (78 non-paying and 52 paying users).

Results
Paying SCG users tended to be employed males who play more frequently and engage in more SCG activities, who report more symptoms of problem gambling and higher psychological distress than non-paying SCG users. Paying SCG users reported more frequent engagement and spending in monetary gambling activities, and two-thirds of SCG payers recalled that their SCG use had preceded involvement in financial gambling.

Discussion and conclusions
Spending in simulated gambling activities by adolescents may be a risk factor for problem gambling. Although SCGs may currently defy classification as a form of gambling, these activities will likely continue to be scrutinized by regulators for the use of dubious or exploitative payment features offered in a gambling-themed format that is available to persons of all ages.
El camino hacia la revelación: evolución de los informes de responsabilidad social en Colombia (2006-2009)
Authors: Ariza Buenaventura Efrén Danilo 
Published: September 2016

<p>Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que indagó sobre aquellas empresas que generan informes de responsabilidad social teniendo como punto de referencia el grado de cumplimiento de revelación de la norma GRI, versión 3 de 2006. Su atención se centró en las características de la información, el grado de revelación alcanzado, la forma como se presenta la empresa y la manera como se da el reconocimiento de los grupos de interés –stakeholder- en 91 informes generados por 42 empresas colombianas en los cuatro años de observación. La metodología de investigación fue de orden documental-cualitativa, ejecutándose análisis documental y entrevistas de apoyo, que permitieron identificar algunas consideraciones de casos específicos. El artículo concluye que el proceso de generación de informes de responsabilidad social en Colombia es aún una práctica en construcción, en la que las organizaciones implicadas identifican su situación y juegan diversas estrategias de producción y revelación de información. Así, la generación de informes se constituye en un largo camino en el que la demanda informativa por parte de la sociedad civil es una quimera.</p>
Apuntes de economía ortodoxa a la regulación contable, elementos para la comprensión y critica de las normas contables
Authors: Rodríguez Otálora Jorge Alexander 
Published: September 2016

<p>La intencionalidad de este artículo es, desde el punto de vista de la economía ortodoxa, presentar los fundamentos de la regulación contable, estableciendo recorridos conceptuales que nos permitan comprender los supuestos que la fundamentan. Las categorías de mercado, agente, institución, norma, regla, entre otras, enmarcadas en las posturas neoclásica y neoinstitucional son el telón de fondo sobre el cual se analizará la contabilidad. Se revisan diferentes teorías que sustentan la regulación económica para comprender el proceso regulativo en sí. El escrito es de carácter introductorio, intentando brindar argumentos teóricos ortodoxos a la discusión acerca del proceso de convergencia contable.</p>
El efecto de los impuestos sobre el costo de capital: estudio del caso almacenes éxito S.A. (2006 -2010)
Authors: Duque Oliva Edison Jair , Báez roa María del Pilar 
Published: September 2016

<p>El presente trabajo pretende, mediante el estudio de caso de la empresa Almacenes Éxito S.A. (período 2006-2010), determinar el efecto que tienen los impuestos en el costo de capital, tomando como referencia las principales proposiciones de Modigliani &amp; Miller (1958, 1963). Los resultados obtenidos muestran, que para el período de estudio, el efecto de los impuestos corporativos no genera una disminución del costo de capital la empresa. De tal manera, para esta entidad la contratación de deuda no tiene un beneficio tributario. Concluyendo, que para la organización, el incentivo de buscar financiación con deuda, es una decisión de su estrategia de inversión. Este documento hace un aporte a los trabajos que analizan los impuestos desde una perspectiva económica relacionando las perspectivas internas de las organizaciones.</p>
Percepção e atualidade em Modernidade Líquida, de Zygmunt Bauman
Authors: Novais Ana Lúcia Moura 
Published: September 2016

Resenha crítica da obra Modernidade Líquida, de Zygumunt Bauman, cuja referência completa é:
BAUMAN, Zygmunt. Modernidade líquida. Tradução Plínio Dentzien. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2001.
The Elicited Verbal Pain Language of Childbirth: A Closer Look at Pain Assessment Through a Critical and Interpretive Review of the Literature
Authors: Power Stephanie , Bogossian Fiona E. , Strong Jenny , Sussex Roland 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE:To provide a critical and interpretive review of the literature to investigate examples of pain assessment tools used in a childbirth context. Through these examples of pain assessment, the concept of elicited verbal pain language is introduced and explored.METHODS:Electronic search strategies were used to identify primary research regarding maternal reports of pain (during labor, postpartum and retrospectively), which were captured by standardized pain assessment tools.FINDINGS:The review revealed the physiological (the sensory and affective dimensions of pain, the intensity of pain, and the influence of parity on pain perception), psychological (the influence of maternal attitude, mood, and memory on pain perception), and ethnocultural (the impact of the ethnocultural context on pain perception) components of the pain experience. The strengths and limitations of pain assessment tools are highlighted. There were similarities in the reviewed studies’ approaches to pain assessment despite the cross-cultural representation of birth. Possible implications for cross-cultural pain assessment and communication are outlined.CONCLUSION:The question remains regarding the appropriateness of implementing standardized pain assessment tools across birth context. An ongoing critique of pain assessment may inform the provision of better care overall for birthing women in multicultural societies.
Pain Relief Effect of Cryotherapy in Parturients
Authors: Vargens Octavio M. C. , Nunes Sonia , da Silva Lolita D. , Progianti Jane M. 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION: Pain in childbirth and strategies for relieving it have been a subject of interest to researchers for many years. The use of cold (cryotherapy), as a pain relief technique generally, is quite well known and studied. However, few studies have addressed the use of cryotherapy as a strategy for relieving the pain of childbirth.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cryotherapy in relieving childbirth pain.METHOD: Pilot intervention study using prospective data in a single intervention group, the outcome being the pain relief in women in labor. The sample comprised 36 parturients at the Hospital Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cryotherapy was applied to the parturients’ thoracolumbar region at cervical dilation of 5, 7, and/or 9 cm, using an icepack belt. In all, 48 applications were made. The responses regarding the action of cryotherapy on pain were recorded on a specific form. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used. Following a form, the parturients’ behavior during the application of cryotherapy was also observed.RESULTS: It was found that 91.67% (outcome) of the women reported pain relief and better conditions in which to experience childbirth. The behavior of 75% of the women in labor was calm and participatory; some slept (5.56%), others took short naps (19.44%).CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy proved effective in relieving pain in childbirth. Because characteristically, cryotherapy does not interfere in the physiological process of childbirth, it can be used in care for women in labor.
The LENTE Study: The Effectiveness of Prophylactic Intramuscular Oxytocin in the Third Stage of Labor Among Low-Risk Women in Primary Care Midwifery Practice: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jans Suze M. P. J. , Herschderfer Kathy C. , van Diem Mariet Th. , Aitink Mieke , Rijnders Marlies , van der Pal-de Bruin Karin , Buitendijk Simone E. 
Published: September 2016

PURPOSE:To test third stage management of labor for low-risk women comparing routine prophylactic intramuscular oxytocin management versus modified expectant management.STUDY DESIGN:Randomized controlled multicenter trial in primary care midwifery practice.MAJOR FINDINGS:32.4% of women in the prophylactic intramuscular oxytocin management group had blood loss of 500 mL or more versus 44.2% in the modified expectant management group, relative risk (RR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.50, 0.74]. The percentage of women experiencing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) defined as more than 1,000 mL blood loss was 6.3% in the prophylactic intramuscular oxytocin management group versus 11.9% in the modified expectant management group (RR 0.50, 95% CI [0.36, 0.71]). The type of management showed no significant differences between the two groups in clinically relevant indicators of women’s short-term health such as the number of referrals, treatment given, hemoglobin level 36 hours postpartum, and breastfeeding rates after 1 week. Medium-term health such as hemoglobin level at 6 weeks postpartum, women’s perceptions of tiredness, and breastfeeding rates at 3 months after birth also showed no differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Third stage management by means of routine prophylactic intramuscular oxytocin reduced the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in a group of childbearing women at low risk of complications in primary midwifery care compared to modified expectant third stage management, but there was no evidence this was associated with a reduction in clinically relevant adverse health outcomes.