bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Center, Community‐Based Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Registry: Population, Device Utilization, and Outcomes
Authors: Gupta Nigel , Kiley Mary Lou , Anthony Faith , Young Charlie , Brar Somjot , Kwaku Kevin 
Published: March 2016

Background
The purpose of this study is to describe key elements, clinical outcomes, and potential uses of the Kaiser Permanente–Cardiac Device Registry.

Methods and Results

This is a cohort study of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (
ICD
), pacemakers (
PM
), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (
CRT
) devices implanted between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013 by ≈400 physicians in 6
US
geographical regions. Registry data variables, including patient characteristics, comorbidities, indication for procedures, complications, and revisions, were captured using the healthcare system's electronic medical record. Outcomes were identified using electronic screening algorithms and adjudicated via chart review. There were 11 924
ICD
s, 33 519
PM
s, 4472
CRT
s, and 66 067 leads registered. A higher proportion of devices were implanted in males: 75.1% (
ICD
), 55.0% (
PM
), and 66.7% (
CRT
), with mean patient age 63.2 years (
ICD
), 75.2 (
PM
), and 67.2 (
CRT
). The 30‐day postoperative incidence of tamponade, hematoma, and pneumothorax were ≤0.3% (
ICD
), ≤0.6% (
PM
), and ≤0.4% (
CRT
). Device failures requiring revision occurred at a rate of 2.17% for
ICD
s, 0.85% for
PM
s, and 4.93% for
CRT
s, per 100 patient observation years. Superficial infection rates were <0.03% for all devices; deep infection rates were 0.6% (
ICD
), 0.5% (
PM
), and 1.0% (
CRT
). Results were used to monitor vendor‐specific variations and were systematically shared with individual regions to address potential variations in outcomes, utilization, and to assist with the management of device recalls.

Conclusions
The Kaiser Permanente–Cardiac Device Registry is a robust tool to monitor postprocedural patient outcomes and postmarket surveillance of implants and potentially change practice patterns.
Orthogonal PDO and ENSO Indices
Authors: Chen Xianyao , Wallace John M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A framework for interpreting the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and ENSO indices is presented. The two leading principal components (PCs) of sea surface temperature [SST; strictly speaking, the departure from globally averaged SST (SST*)] over the entire Pacific basin comprise a two-dimensional phase space. A linear combination of these pan-Pacific PCs corresponding to a +45° rotation (designated by P) is nearly identical to the PDO, the leading PC of Pacific SST* poleward of 20°N. Both P and the PDO index exhibit apparent “regime shifts” on the interdecadal time scale. The orthogonal axis (rotated by −45° and designated by T′) is highly correlated with conventional ENSO indices, but its spatial regression pattern is more equatorially focused. SST variability along these two rotated axes exhibits sharply contrasting power spectra, the former (i.e., P) suggestive of “red noise” on time scales longer than a decade and the latter (i.e., T′) exhibiting a prominent spectral peak around 3–5 years. Hence, orthogonal indices representative of the ENSO cycle and ENSO-like decadal variability can be generated without resorting to filtering in the time domain. The methodology used here is the same as that used by Takahashi et al. to quantify the diversity of equatorial SST patterns in ENSO; they rotated the two leading EOFs of tropical Pacific SST, whereas the two leading EOFs of pan-Pacific SST* are rotated here.
A Statistical Analysis of Steady Eyewall Sizes Associated with Rapidly Intensifying Hurricanes
Authors: Qin Nannan , Zhang Da-Lin , Li Ying 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt is well known that hurricane intensification is often accompanied by continuous contraction of the radius of maximum wind (RMW) and eyewall size. However, a few recent studies have shown rapid and then slow contraction of the RMW/eyewall size prior to the onset and during the early stages of rapid intensification (RI) of hurricanes, respectively, but a steady state in the RMW (S-RMW) and eyewall size during the later stages of RI. In this study, a statistical analysis of S-RMWs associated with rapidly intensifying hurricanes is performed using the extended best-track dataset during 1990–2014 in order to examine how frequently, and at what intensity and size, the S-RMW structure tends to occur. Results show that about 53% of the 139 RI events of 24-h duration associated with 55 rapidly intensifying hurricanes exhibit S-RMWs, and that the percentage of the S-RMW events increases to 69% when RI events are evaluated at 12-h intervals, based on a new RI rate definition of 10 m s−1 (12 h)−1; both results satisfy the Student’s t tests with confidence levels of over 95%. In general, S-RMWs tend to appear more frequently in more intense storms and when their RMWs are contracted to less than 50 km. This work suggests a new fruitful research area in studying the RI of hurricanes with S-RMWs.
Synthesis, characterization and ultrafiltration of reactive dyes. Application by exhaustion and/or ink-jet printing—II
Authors: Lykidou Smaro , Karanikas Evangelos , Nikolaidis Nikolaos , Tsatsaroni Eforia 
Published: March 2016

Three novel vinyl sulfone reactive dyes of various metallic salts (Na, K, Li) have been synthesized by coupling 1-amino-phenyl-4-beta hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate ester with 1-amino-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (H-acid). The reactive dyes were then purified using ultrafiltration (UF). The ultrafiltrated dyes of the various metallic salts were characterized by their spectrophotometrical data using Ultra Violet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infra-red and optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. The purity of the dyes was checked by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The solubility characteristics of the various salts of the ultrafiltrated reactive dyes were assessed and compared with the non-ultrafiltrated reactive dyes of the same salts. The dyes were characterized and applied to cotton, wool, and nylon 66 by exhaustion (dyeing). Novel water-based reactive ink-jet inks were prepared with the ultrafiltrated reactive dyes of the various metallic salts. Their suitability for digital printing applications was examined by using a digital printer on suitably pretreated cotton samples. Color and fastness properties measurements were performed for both the dyed and digitally printed samples. K/S values of the dyed samples were higher than those of the digitally printed ones, whereas K/S values of the samples dyed with the ultrafiltrated dyes were much higher than those of the non-ultrafiltrated dyes. The other coloristic co-ordinates L*, a*, b*, C*, and ho were in line with strength changes of the dyes before and after UF. The dyed and digitally printed samples had excellent wash and good light fastness properties. UF slightly improved the fastness properties of the dyed samples.
Epidural optogenetics for controlled analgesia
Authors: Bonin Robert P , Wang Feng , Desrochers-Couture Mireille , Ga¸secka Alicja , Boulanger Marie-Eve , Côté Daniel C , De Koninck Yves 
Published: March 2016

Background Optogenetic tools enable cell selective and temporally precise control of neuronal activity; yet, difficulties in delivering sufficient light to the spinal cord of freely behaving animals have hampered the use of spinal optogenetic approaches to produce analgesia. We describe an epidural optic fiber designed for chronic spinal optogenetics that enables the precise delivery of light at multiple wavelengths to the spinal cord dorsal horn and sensory afferents. Results The epidural delivery of light enabled the optogenetic modulation of nociceptive processes at the spinal level. The acute and repeated activation of channelrhodopsin-2 expressing nociceptive afferents produced robust nocifensive behavior and mechanical sensitization in freely behaving mice, respectively. The optogenetic inhibition of GABAergic interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn through the activation of archaerhodopsin also produced a transient, but selective induction of mechanical hypersensitivity. Finally, we demonstrate the capacity of optogenetics to produce analgesia in freely behaving mice through the inhibition of nociceptive afferents via archaerhodopsin. Conclusion Epidural optogenetics provides a robust and powerful solution for activation of both excitatory and inhibitory opsins in sensory processing pathways. Our results demonstrate the potential of spinal optogenetics to modulate sensory behavior and produce analgesia in freely behaving animals.
Should There Be an Age Split for Stroke DRGs? Analysing a Large Clinical Data Set of a Principal Teaching Hospital over a Five-Year Period
Authors: Royle Monique , Callen Joanne , Craig Maria 
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to analyse the inpatient statistics collection relating to stroke patients admitted to a major teaching hospital, with particular reference to length of stay, and to assess the adequacy of the diagnosis related group (DRG) as a predictor of length of stay. The study subjects were selected by DRG to identify all stroke inpatients admitted and discharged between 1 July 1995 and 30 June 2000. There were 1365 stroke discharges (half of whom were over 75 years of age at discharge) over the period of the study. The median length of stay was 8 days, and 67% of the subjects experienced complications and/or comorbidities. Age was significantly associated with increased length of stay of stroke patients, independent of complications or comorbidities. These findings raise the question of whether casemix-based funding should be based solely on DRGs for complicated conditions such as stroke, or whether additional measures such as age should be used for funding allocation. This study provides a model that health information managers and other researchers could use to analyse inpatient statistics collections at state, territory or national levels.
A Contemporary Case Study Illustrating the Integration of Health Information Technologies into the Organisation and Clinical Practice of Radiation Oncology
Authors: Miller Andrew A , Phillips Aaron K 
Published: March 2016

The development of software in radiation oncology departments has seen the increase in capability from the Record and Verify software focused on patient safety to a fully-fledged Oncology Information System (OIS). This paper reports on the medical aspects of the implementation of a modern Oncology Information System (IMPAC MultiAccess®, also known as the Siemens LANTIS®) in a New Zealand hospital oncology department. The department was successful in translating paper procedures into electronic procedures, and the report focuses on the changes in approach to organisation and data use that occurred. The difficulties that were faced, which included procedural re-design, management of change, removal of paper, implementation cost, integration with the HIS, quality assurance and datasets, are highlighted along with the local solutions developed to overcome these problems.
Examination of Narratives from Emergency Department Presentations to Identify Road Trauma, Crash and Injury Risk Factors for Different Age Groups
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J. , Bambach Mike R. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Road trauma represents a high proportion of injury-related emergency department presentations. Narrative text recorded in the emergency department could provide useful information to monitor road trauma and to identify crash and injury risk factors by age group. Objective: To examine the Public Health Real-time Emergency Department Surveillance System (PHREDSS) to identify road users (i.e. motor vehicle drivers, motor vehicle passengers, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists and pedestrians), and crash (e.g. vehicle speed) and injury risk factors (e.g. non-restraint use) by age group. Method: Narrative text from the PHREDSS in New South wales, Australia, during 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012 was reviewed. Results: A keyword search of all emergency department presentations potentially identified 388,991 road trauma-related presentations and between 6,420 motorbike crashes to 138,889 motor vehicle accident emergency department presentations. Potential crash and injury risk factors were also identified. Conclusion: This exploratory study demonstrated the capability of information from PHREDSS to be used to support injury prevention efforts in road safety.
The GATA transcription factor gene gtaG is required for terminal differentiation in Dictyostelium
Authors: Katoh-Kurasawa Mariko , Santhanam Balaji , Shaulsky Gad 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The GATA transcription factor GtaG is conserved in Dictyostelids and is essential for terminal differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum, but its function is not well understood. Here, we show that gtaG is expressed in prestalk cells at the anterior region of fingers and in the extending stalk during culmination. The gtaG− phenotype is cell-autonomous in prestalk cells and non-cell-autonomous in prespore cells. Transcriptome analyses reveal that GtaG regulates prestalk gene expression during cell differentiation before culmination and is required for progression into culmination. GtaG-dependent genes include genetic suppressors of the Dd-STATa-defective phenotype (Dd-STATa is also known as DstA) as well as Dd-STATa target-genes, including extracellular matrix genes. We show that GtaG might be involved in the production of two culmination-signaling molecules, cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and the spore differentiation factor SDF-1, and that addition of c-di-GMP rescues the gtaG− culmination and spore formation deficiencies. We propose that GtaG is a regulator of terminal differentiation that functions in concert with Dd-STATa and controls culmination through regulating c-di-GMP and SDF-1 production in prestalk cells.
Corporate Governance, Accounting Conservatism, and Manipulation
Authors: Caskey Judson , Laux Volker 
Published: March 2016

We develop a model to analyze how board governance affects firms’ financial reporting choices and managers’ incentives to manipulate accounting reports. In our setting, ceteris paribus, conservative accounting is desirable because it allows the board of directors to better oversee the firm’s investment decisions. This feature of conservatism, however, causes the manager to manipulate the accounting system to mislead the board and distort its decisions. Effective reporting oversight curtails managers’ ability to manipulate, which increases the benefits of conservative accounting and simultaneously reduces its costs. Our model predicts that stronger reporting oversight leads to greater accounting conservatism, manipulation, and investment efficiency. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Backtesting Expected Shortfall: Accounting for Tail Risk
Authors: Du Zaichao , Escanciano Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2016

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BIS) has recently sanctioned expected shortfall (ES) as the market risk measure to be used for banking regulatory purposes, replacing the well-known value at risk (VaR). This change is motivated by the appealing theoretical properties of ES as a measure of risk and the poor properties of VaR. In particular, VaR fails to control for “tail risk.” In this transition, the major challenge faced by financial institutions is the unavailability of simple tools for evaluation of ES forecasts (i.e., backtesting ES). The main purpose of this paper is to propose such tools. Specifically, we propose backtests for ES based on cumulative violations, which are the natural analogue of the commonly used backtests for VaR. We establish the asymptotic properties of the tests, and investigate their finite sample performance through some Monte Carlo simulations. An empirical application to three major stock indexes shows that VaR is generally unresponsive to extreme events such as those experienced during the recent financial crisis, whereas ES provides a more accurate description of the risk involved. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Effect of cattle trampling on ground nesting birds on pastures: an experiment with artificial nests
Authors: Sabatier Rodolphe , Durant Daphné , Ferchichi Sameh , Haranne Khalil , Léger François , Tichit Muriel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
1. In semi-natural grasslands, nest trampling by cattle can have a strong effect on hatching success but the relationship linking cattle density, incubation time and nest survival has for now only been hypothesized.
2. Based on an experiment with artificial nests, the objective of this study was to test the theoretical model generally used to estimate nest survival. In spring 2009, we conducted a one-month experiment on permanent grasslands of the French western marshlands grazed at three different stocking rates (1 LU.ha-1, 2 LU.ha-1 and 4 LU.ha-1).
3. The results confirmed that trampling depended on stocking rates.
4. Trampling had a major effect on nest survival (32-85% of nests destroyed).
5. The theoretical model classically used by managers and modellers proved to be a good approximation of the dynamics of nest trampling.
6. Synthesis and applications: We conclude that nest trampling has a major impact on nest survival in pastures and that the use of such a model could help managers to define acceptable levels of cattle densities.
Tree diversity in the tropical dry forest of Bannerghatta National Park in Eastern Ghats, Southern India
Authors: Gopalakrishna S. Puttakame , Kaonga M. Leckson , Somashekar R. Kalegowda , Suresh H.Satyanarayana , Suresh R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Tree species inventories, particularly of poorly known dry deciduous forests, are needed to protect and restore forests in degraded landscapes. A study of forest stand structure, and species diversity and density of trees with girth at breast height (GBH) ≥10 cm was conducted in four management zones of Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) in the Eastern Ghats of Southern India. We identified 128 tree species belonging to 45 families in 7.9 hectares. However, 44 species were represented by ≤ 2 individuals. Mean diversity values per site for the dry forest of BNP were: tree composition (23.8 ±7.6), plant density (100.69 ± 40.02), species diversity (2.56 ± 0.44) and species richness (10.48 ± 4.05). Tree diversity was not significantly different (P>0.05) across the four management zones in the park. However, the number of tree species identified significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing number of sampling sites, but majority of the species were captured. Similarly, there were significant variations (p<0.05) between tree diameter class distributions. Juveniles accounted for 87% of the tree population. The structure of the forest was not homogeneous, with sections ranging from poorly structured to highly stratified configurations. The study suggests that there was moderate tree diversity in the tropical dry thorn forest of Bannerghatta National Park, but the forest was relatively young.
Mechanistic and Correlative Models of Ecological Niches
Authors: Peterson A. Townsend , Papeş Monica , Soberón Jorge 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The suite of factors that drives where and under what conditions a species occurs has become the focus of intense research interest. Three general categories of methods have emerged by which researchers address questions in this area: mechanistic models of species’ requirements in terms of environmental conditions that are based on first principles of biophysics and physiology, correlational models based on environmental associations derived from analyses of geographic occurrences of species, and process-based simulations that estimate occupied distributional areas and associated environments from assumptions about niche dimensions and dispersal abilities. We review strengths and weaknesses of these sets of approaches, and identify significant advantages and disadvantages of each. Rather than identifying one or the other as ‘better,’ we suggest that researchers take great care to use the method best-suited to each specific research question, and be conscious of the weaknesses of any method, such that inappropriate interpretations are avoided.
Quantitative q-Voronovskaya and q-Grüss–Voronovskaya-type results for q-Szász operators
Authors: Acar Tuncer 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the present paper, we mainly study quantitative Voronovskaya-type
theorems for q-Szász operators defined in [20].
We consider weighted spaces of functions and the corresponding
weighted modulus of continuity.
We obtain the quantitative q-Voronovskaya-type theorem and the q-Grüss–Voronovskaya-type theorem in terms of the weighted modulus of continuity of q-derivatives of the approximated function.
In this way, we either obtain the rate of pointwise convergence of q-Szász operators or we present these results for a subspace of continuous functions, although the classical ones are valid for differentiable functions.
Hypereutectic Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 In Situ Composite Prepared by Horizontal Laser Zone Melting
Authors: Song Kan , Zhang Jun , Liu Lin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic in situ composite has now been considered as the new generation of high-temperature structural material due to its excellent performance even close to its melting point. In this work, hypereutectic Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 in situ composite is manufactured by the horizontal laser zone melting technique. The relationship between the solidification microstructure and the solidification parameters is studied. The minimum lamellar spacing is as finer as 0.20 μm when the laser scanning rate is 800 μm/s. Compared with eutectic Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2, hypereutectic exhibits more regular and finer microstructure at the similar conditions. Meanwhile, it is found that the lamellar spacing remains almost as constant at a certain high solidification velocity. The maximum hardness and fracture toughness are 15.9 GPa and 4.2 MPa · m1/2, respectively.
Adapting Differential Evolution Algorithms For Continuous Optimization Via Greedy Adjustment Of Control Parameters
Authors: Leon Miguel , Xiong Ning 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Differential evolution (DE) presents a class of evolutionary and meta-heuristic techniques that have been applied successfully to solve many real-world problems. However, the performance of DE is significantly influenced by its control parameters such as scaling factor and crossover probability. This paper proposes a new adaptive DE algorithm by greedy adjustment of the control parameters during the running of DE. The basic idea is to perform greedy search for better parameter assignments in successive learning periods in the whole evolutionary process. Within each learning period, the current parameter assignment and its neighboring assignments are tested (used) in a number of times to acquire a reliable assessment of their suitability in the stochastic environment with DE operations. Subsequently the current assignment is updated with the best candidate identified from the neighborhood and the search then moves on to the next learning period. This greedy parameter adjustment method has been incorporated into basic DE, leading to a new DE algorithm termed as Greedy Adaptive Differential Evolution (GADE). GADE has been tested on 25 benchmark functions in comparison with five other DE variants. The results of evaluation demonstrate that GADE is strongly competitive: it obtained the best rank among the counterparts in terms of the summation of relative errors across the benchmark functions with a high dimensionality.