bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of body mass index and weight gain patterns with albumin excretion in pregnancy
Authors: Tulmaç Özlem B. , Dağ Zeynep Ö. , Erdoğan Funda , Sayan Cemile D. , Sağsöz Nevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWe examined body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns of pregnant women and investigated the impact of these factors on the urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (ACR) during pregnancy.MethodsThe data of 163 women whose basal BMI and ACR were measured during the first trimester were used in this study. Body weight alone between 12–16 weeks and body weight together with ACR after 37 weeks of gestation were measured.ResultsOverall, 46% of women were overweight or obese, 60.7% had excessive weight gain and 16.6% had inadequate weight gain. Only 22.7% of women gained weight within the recommended range. There was no difference in weight gain patterns with respect to BMI. ACR during the third trimester was significantly higher than during the first trimester (7.08 [0.00–1180.90] mg/g vs 4.73 [0.00–275.00] mg/g, respectively; P = 0.001). The ACR of obese women was higher than in normal weight subjects during the third trimester (16.79 mg/g [0.01–1180.90] vs 8.07 mg/g [0.10–402.14] respectively; adjusted P = 0.015). Both ACR change and third trimester ACR were weakly but significantly correlated with basal BMI (r: 0.228 P: 0.003 and r: 0.301 P < 0.001, respectively) but not with GWG or GWG rate. Basal BMI was not associated with first‐trimester ACR.ConclusionObesity is associated with an increase in urinary albumin excretion during the course of pregnancy. Distinction of this relationship during pregnancy offers an opportunity for further research on pathophysiological mechanisms. The alarmingly high rate of non‐compliance with IOM guidelines in pregnant women is a concern. Prompt measures for counseling of women before and during pregnancy in order to maintain healthy weight are needed.
A Cross‐Cultural Comparison of U.S. and Japanese Trainees’ Emotion‐Recognition Ability
Authors: Hutchison Ashley , Gerstein Lawrence , Kasai Makiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the ability of non‐Hispanic White U.S. counseling psychology trainees and Japanese clinical psychology trainees to recognize facially expressed emotions. Researchers proposed that an in‐group advantage for emotion recognition would occur, women would have higher emotion‐recognition accuracy than men, and participants would vary in their emotion‐intensity ratings. Sixty White U.S. students and 60 Japanese students viewed photographs of non‐Hispanic White U.S. and Japanese individuals expressing emotions and completed a survey assessing emotion‐recognition ability and emotion‐intensity ratings. Two four‐way mixed‐factor analyses of variance were performed, examining effects of participant nationality/race, participant gender, poser nationality/race, and poser gender on emotion‐recognition accuracy scores and intensity ratings. Results did not support the in‐group advantage hypothesis, rather, U.S. participants had higher accuracy rates than Japanese trainees overall. No gender differences in accuracy were found. However, respondents varied in their intensity ratings across gender and nationality. Implications for training applied psychology students and for future research are presented.
Externalities From Driving Luxury Cars
Authors: Park Sojung Carol , Han Sangeun 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDriving luxury cars creates negative externalities. Driving a luxury car increases property damage liability insurance costs for all drivers due to the striking differences in repair costs of luxury cars and nonluxury cars in Korea. In this study, we estimate the externalities related to auto accidents involving luxury cars by running a two‐part model using unbalanced individual‐level panel data on insurance claims and characteristics of the insured party. We find evidence of negative externalities in all of our results. To be specific, a 1 percent increase in luxury cars raises the property damage liability costs by 1.9–2.6 percent per claim. The estimated nationwide increase in the cost of liability due to driving of luxury cars in Korea is USD 139–196 million per year. This cost is shared by all drivers nationwide.
Demonstrating the Intensive Benefit to the Local Implementation of a Statewide Building Code
Authors: Czajkowski Jeffrey , Simmons Kevin M. , Done James M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUltimately, risk reduction from the implementation of building codes is due to not only the extent of the code as it applies to new construction, but also to the intensity of local adoption and enforcement. It is normally an open question as to how well a code is maintained and enforced at the local level, even for a relatively strong adopted statewide code such as the Florida Building Code. We test the importance of the intensity of building code implementation at the local level for reducing Florida windstorm losses by utilizing Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS®) rating data. BCEGS ratings provide a joint assessment of local building code effectiveness in terms of the strength of the adopted codes in addition to how well these adopted codes are enforced. We find that both components provide value in reducing windstorm losses in Florida, with the extent of the statewide code being the dominant effect reducing losses on the order of 72 percent. Although not as substantial in terms of its loss reduction magnitude, intensively implementing building codes at the local level by ensuring codes are properly administered and enforced at this scale provides additional loss reduction value on the order of 15–25 percent. Understanding the relative value of these two implementation components is important to better inform building code policy and enforcement efforts given continuously updated codes.
Optimal tariffs with inframarginal exporters
Authors: Sharma Rishi R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper shows that an importing country can have an incentive to impose a tariff to extract rents earned by foreign exporters even in a perfectly competitive setting. To demonstrate this, I develop a new model of international trade that incorporates fixed costs of exporting and firm heterogeneity within a perfectly competitive framework. In this setting, despite the fact that there are no preexisting distortions, the optimal tariff is positive even for a small country with no world market power. In the limit, as either firm heterogeneity or the fixed costs of exporting vanish, the optimal tariff approaches zero.
Social Transfer Benefits and Retirement Decisions: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Muchiri Steve , Garen John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPopulation aging poses a new challenge to the fiscal sustainability of social security programs around the globe. As life expectancy increases, among other reasons, many governments in developed countries have begun to reform key features of their programs, such as increasing the eligibility age for access to social benefits. However, as in the case of South Africa, some opt to decrease the eligibility age for access to such pension benefits. The South African old age pension, which is one of the most expansive cash transfers in developing countries, puts a significant monthly cash transfer in the hands of its recipients. This cash transfer is conditioned on age and a means test that is very generous to most South Africans. In this paper, we seek to understand the impact of such an increase in non‐labour income on the labour force participation of older men by exploiting a phased‐in reduction in pension eligibility age. We estimate that, at the median predicted market wage, pension age‐eligibility reduces the probability of labour force participation by approximately 9.85% points for single males and 15.45% points for married males.
Coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic male marathon runners
Authors: Burgstahler C. , Cipowicz H. , Thomas C. , Schabel C. , Mangold S. , Ketelsen D. , Claussen C. D. , Niess A. M. , Tsiflikas I. 
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of carotid ultrasound (CU) to predict coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic male marathon runners. A total of 49 male marathon runners older than 45 years (mean age 53.3 ± 7.2 years, range 45‐74 years) received CU and cardiac CT angiography (CTA) including calcium scoring (CS). Results of CU and CTA were classified binary: 1. Absence of atherosclerosis and 2. Presence of atherosclerosis. The extent of atherosclerosis was not primary end point of the study. Mean PROCAM score was 2.3% (SD 2.2, range 0.44%‐12.34%). One person had to be excluded from analysis (one missing CT‐scan). From the remaining 48 marathon runners, 17 (35.4%) had carotid atherosclerosis and 22 (45.8%) coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in either exam was diagnosed in 27/48 (56.3%) marathon runners. Diagnostic accuracy of CU to predict coronary atherosclerosis was: sensitivity 54.55% (95% CI 32.2‐75.6), specificity 80.8% (CI 60.6‐93.4), positive predictive value 70.6 (CI 44.1‐89.9), negative predictive value 67.7 (CI 48.6‐83.3) with a positive likelihood ratio of 2.84 (CI 1.18‐6.82) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.56 (CI 0.34‐0.92). Coronary and/or carotid atherosclerosis can be detected in more than 50% of male marathon runners aged older than 45 years. The diagnostic value of carotid ultrasound to predict coronary atherosclerosis is low but higher than the accuracy of rest‐ or stress‐ECG. As outcome studies in sportsmen are still missing, the routine evaluation of the carotid arteries by ultrasound or even cardiac CT cannot be recommended at present. Furthermore, the incidence of atherosclerosis by our method in normal population is not known.
Potential of citric acid to alter pH and metal uptake in reeds in acid mine drainage solutions
Authors: Guo Lin , Cutright Teresa J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhragmites australis (common reed) is often used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) sites contaminated with high concentrations of heavy metals and low pH. This study investigated the effects of different levels (low 0.34 g/L, middle 17.86 g/L and high 33.62 g/L) of the biodegradable chelator citric acid (CA) on pH change, metal (i.e. Fe, Al and Mn) accumulation and translocation in reeds cultured in aqueous AMD contaminated media for 4 and 12 weeks. The results indicated that CA inhibited further deceases in AMD pH as well as increased Fe and Mn accumulation in both belowground and above ground tissues of reeds. As expected, increasing CA dosage and treatment time increased metal accumulation in plants. By 12 weeks, 0.18 ± 0.01 mg Mn/g, 56.78 ± 7.63 mg Fe/g and 0.60 ± 0.01 mg Al/g were accumulated in roots; while 0.06 ± 0.01 mg Mn/g; 6.38 ± 0.06 mg Fe/g; and 0.19 ± 0.01 mg Al/g were sequestered in stems of reeds treated with 33.62 g/L CA. Further research is needed to study the application of CA to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of AMD contaminated field.
INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF STEEL SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MULTIPLE CFRP LAYERS ON THE BONDING BEHAVIOUR OF A SINGLE-STRAP JOINT
Authors: W. Al-Zand Ahmed , Wan Badruzzaman Wan Hamidon 
Published: December 2017

Three series of steel-plate single-strap joints bonded by Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets, which are used with an adhesive material, are investigated in this study. Experimental and finite element (FE) analyses using ABAQUS software are employed for this purpose. The main objective of this study is to provide further understanding of the bonding mechanism of strengthened single-strap joints under a pure-tension load. The experimental tests specifically investigated the effects of using multiple CFRP layers with normal/high steel surface roughness on the bonding failure mode, bond-load capacity, and effective bond length. Furthermore, the FE analysis was used to establish the shear stress-slip relationships of the suggested specimens. The results showed that the bond capacity (ultimate bond load) of single-strap joint did not increased much when the CFRP bonding length pass the effective bond length (limit). The bonding capacity (ultimate bond load) of single-strap joint increased only of about 14% when increase d the CFRP layers from two to four. Moreover, the behaviour of the shear stress-slip relationship was not significantly affected by increasing the number of CFRP layers.
Protección ambiental en los mecanismos de apoyo financiero a la generación de energía verde y el derecho de la Unión Europea, el asunto Alands Vindkraft
Authors: Muriel-Ciceri José Hernán 
Published: December 2017

<p>La protección del medio ambiente y la simultánea consolidación del desarrollo sostenible en el mercado son realizables y constituyen parte de la cimentación del derecho europeo. Este derecho resalta su viabilidad, en el ámbito de los mecanismos financieros de apoyo a la producción de energía renovable como acciones frente al cambio climático. La armonía de estos mecanismos, previstos, por ejemplo, en la Directiva 2009/28CE y su adopción por los Estados miembro de la Unión Europea con la libre circulación de mercancías, es analizada por el Tribunal de Justicia en el asunto Ålands Vindkraft AB contra Energimyndigheten, (C-573/12). El Tribunal resalta en este caso, el cómo la compatibilidad del clima, la producción de energía verde y el desarrollo del mercado son una necesidad. En este ámbito, la Comisión Europea plantea al Parlamento y el Consejo, un marco de trabajo y un paquete de medidas, que conjuntamente desde sus funciones, concretarán en concordancia con los postulados del derecho europeo. <strong></strong></p>
La Protection Internationale des Personnes Deplacées à L’interieur de Leur Propre Pays
Authors: Arenas-Peralta Laura 
Published: December 2017

<p>El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un análisis del régimen de protección internacional de las personas desplazadas internamente. Aunque dichas personas son, en principio, únicamente responsabilidad del país del cual son nacionales, algunos instrumentos internacionales han sido creados para tratar su situación. El presente estudio analítico se divide en dos grandes partes. En un primer momento, encontramos instrumentos internacionales que a pesar de no ser vinculantes para los Estados, han adquirido una importancia especial, tal es el caso de los Principios rectores del derecho internacional sobre el desplazamiento forzado. De otra parte, a nivel tanto regional como nacional se han desarrollado instrumentos vinculantes sobre el desplazamiento. Aquí, se presenta un análisis de los aportes hechos por el continente africano, a nivel regional, en la materia y por Colombia en el plano nacional. </p>
Propiocepción: Tratamientos seccionados en pacientes vivos no divisibles / Proprioception: Sectioned Treatments in Non-Divisible Living Patients
Authors: Ruales-Suárez Gerardo 
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN. Objetivo: El presente artículo desarrolla un argumento acerca de la indivisibilidad del ser humano y de cómo el individuo permanece en constante movimiento. Asimismo, explica la posturología como la hermenéutica diagnóstica y la propiocepción como la constante fisiológica. Método: La divulgación científica especializada requiere ir más allá de la necesaria evidencia, individual y aislada, para entrar en sinergia con las demás ciencias de la salud. El exceso de información inconexa genera debilidad en las bases del conocimiento. Ahora bien, al recurrir a ellas se pretende interconectarlas con la odontología. La tendencia actual hacia los tratamientos multidisciplinarios e integrales se torna irrelevante cuando lo que falla es el fundamento diagnóstico. Se requiere entonces de comunicación interdisciplinar y de un lenguaje común entre las diferentes especialidades. Conclusiones: Los signos vitales como constantes del movimiento humano y la unión tisular indivisible proporcionan la evidencia de la consecución de la estabilidad corporal como fin terapéutico. La odontología interactúa de manera activa y pasiva en esa búsqueda. La propiocepción es el proceso sensorial clave para encontrar dicha estabilidad.ABSTRACT. Purpose: This article develops an argument about the indivisibility of the human being and how the individual remains in constant movement. In addition, it explains posturology as the diagnostic hermeneutics and proprioception as the physiological constant. Method: Specialized scientific dissemination should to go beyond the necessary individual and isolated evidence, to enter into synergy with the other health sciences. The excess of disjointed information turns weak the bases of knowledge, thus resorting to them seeks to connect them with Dentistry. The current trend towards multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatments becomes irrelevant when diagnostic foundations are failing. Hence, interdisciplinary communication and a common language among specialties are necessary. Conclusions: Vital signs, as constants of human movement, and indivisible tissue blending provide the evidence to achieve body stability as a therapeutic goal. Dentistry interacts actively and passively in this search and proprioception is the key sensory process to find stability.
Estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública en Cartagena, Colombia / Learning Strategies among Dental Students from a Public University in Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Hernández Álvarez Arlteh Sandry , Torres Ortega Fernán , Fang Mercado Luis Carlos , Díaz-Caballero Antonio José 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Predoctoral<strong> </strong>education requires student dedication to meet academic demands and learning goals with quality. University professors often complain that students do not regulate their learning strategies and are unable to act autonomously in their professional training. <strong><em>Purpose:</em></strong> To analyze the use of self-regulated learning in dental students at a Colombian public university. <strong><em>Methods:</em> </strong>A descriptive study was carried out using Lindner et al.’s Self-Regulatory Learning Inventory, 4.01 version. The inventory includes four training areas (executive, cognitive, motivation, and environment control) among fourth semester dental students (sophomores) of University of Cartagena in Colombia. <strong><em>Results:</em> </strong>The average use of self-regulated learning by the dental students was low. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the score in the scale (60-119) leads to a deficient level of learning (p&lt;0,05). <strong><em>Conclusions:</em> </strong>Marked weaknesses in the group of students intervened were identified who, in some cases, did not meet adequate self-regulated learning levels for their current year of study.</p><p> </p>
Evaluación del efecto del plasma rico en plaquetas en diferentes tiempos y concentraciones sobre la viabilidad de fibroblastos de ligamento periodontal y osteoblastos / Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Effect at different times and concentrations ...
Authors: Acosta Gómez Adriana Paola , Gutiérrez Prieto Sandra Janeth , Bedoya Mejía María Alexandra , García Robayo Dabeiba Adriana , Moreno Serrano Ximena Edilia 
Published: December 2017

<strong>ABSTRACT<em>. Background:</em></strong><em> </em>Growth factors used in health treatments can be obtained from a first-generation source called platelet-rich plasma. The variety of protocols to prepare PRP produces variable results regarding PRP activation time and its effects on cell proliferation and viability. <strong><em>Purpose:</em></strong><em> </em>To evaluate proliferation and cell viability of periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts stimulated with PRP in several concentrations and times after PRP activation. <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> An in vitro study was carried out using periodontal ligament fibroblast and osteoblast cell cultures. PRP from venous blood of a healthy adult was prepared through centrifugation and activated with 10 % CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The effect on cell proliferation after application of 1 %, 3 %, and 5% PRP and platelet-poor plasma was evaluated at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after activation through MTS. The control group consisted of culture that did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using Chi square, Fisher, and McNemar tests. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> </em>The cell viability assay showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups. Cell viability increased in cells treated with 5 % PRP 24 hours after activation (p=0.05). <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em> </em>Fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines tended to be more viable 24 hours after activation with 5% PRP.
Estudio in vitro de la erosión dental asociada al chimó / In Vitro Study of Dental Erosion associated to Chimo
Authors: Febres Giordano Néstor , Gilioli Medina Paola , Olávez Cepeda Daniela , Omaña Cepeda Carlos , Solórzano Navarro Eduvigis 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><strong><em>Background</em></strong>: In Venezuela, <em>chimó</em> is a blackish goo derived from tobacco leaf. Its consumption has been associated with systemic and oral diseases. <strong><em>Purpose</em>:</strong> To identify in vitro dental erosion associated to chimó exposure. <strong><em>Methods</em></strong>: The sample consisted of 30 teeth that were assigned 10 to the negative control group, another 10 to the positive control group, and 10 to the experimental group, which were exposed respectively to artificial saliva, Coca-Cola® light, and chimó for 20 weeks. Tooth surfaces were analyzed clinically and structurally, the latter through scanning electron microscope. <strong><em>Results</em></strong>: Clinical observations showed surface color change in the negative control group; color change and surface gloss loss in the positive control group; color and surface changes in the experimental group (p=0.000). Ultrastructural analysis showed no enamel surface alterations in the negative control group. Acid etching scale values were 4 for the positive control group and 3-4 for the experimental group. The latter had signs of enamel erosion. In terms of severity of damage, the experimental group was type 1, that is, enamel loss without involving dentin. <strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong>: Under these experimental conditions, chimó caused clinical and ultrastructural enamel surface loss with type 3-4 erosion patterns, and type 1 severity<strong><em>.</em></strong></p>
Streptococcus sanguinis Noncoding
cia
-Dependent Small RNAs Negatively Regulate Expression of Type IV Pilus Retraction ATPase PilT and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Ota Chiaki , Morisaki Hirobumi , Nakata Masanobu , Arimoto Takafumi , Fukamachi Haruka , Kataoka Hideo , Masuda Yoshiko , Suzuki Noriyuki , Miyazaki Takashi , Okahashi Nobuo , Kuwata Hirotaka 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of gene expression in various cellular processes.
cia
-dependent small RNAs (csRNAs), a group of sRNAs that are controlled by the two-component regulatory system CiaRH, are widely conserved in streptococci, but their targets have been identified only in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
.
Streptococcus sanguinis
, a pioneer colonizer of teeth and one of the most predominant bacteria in the early oral biofilm, has been shown to have six csRNAs. Using computational target prediction and the luciferase reporter assay, we identified
pilT
, a constituent of the type IV pilus operon, as a negative regulatory target for one of the csRNAs, namely, csRNA1-1, in
S. sanguinis
. RNA-RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a nucleotide exchange mutant of csRNA1-1 revealed that csRNA1-1 binds directly to
pilT
mRNA. In addition, csRNA1-1 and csRNA1-2, a putative gene duplication product of csRNA1-1 that is tandemly located in the
S. sanguinis
genome, negatively regulated
S. sanguinis
biofilm formation. These results suggest the involvement of csRNAs in the colonization step of
S. sanguinis
.