bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMT and prenatal maternal smoking in associations with conduct problems and crime: the Pelotas 1993 birth cohort study
Authors: Salatino-Oliveira Angélica , Murray Joseph , Kieling Christian , Genro Júlia Pasqualini , Polanczyk Guilherme , Anselmi Luciana , Wehrmeister Fernando , de Barros Fernando C. , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Rohde Luis Augusto , Hutz Mara Helena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractConduct problems in childhood and adolescence are significant precursors of crime and violence in young adulthood. The purpose of the current study is to test the interaction between prenatal maternal smoking and COMT Val158Met in conduct problems and crime in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Conduct problems were assessed through the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 11 and 15 years. A translated version of a confidential self-report questionnaire was used to collect criminal data at 18 years of age. Negative binomial regression analyses showed an association between prenatal maternal smoking and SDQ conduct problem scores (IRR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14–1.34; p < 0.001) at 11 years of age. However, no evidence was found for an association between COMT genotypes and conduct scores or for an interaction between maternal smoking and this gene in predicting conduct problems. Very similar results were obtained using the 15 years conduct scores and crime measure at age 18. Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with crime (IRR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) but neither COMT genotypes nor the possible interaction between gene and maternal smoking were significantly associated with crime. Replications of GxE findings across different social contexts are critical for testing the robustness of findings.
Microassembly of Heterogeneous Materials using Transfer Printing and Thermal Processing
Authors: Keum Hohyun , Yang Zining , Han Kewen , Handler Drew E. , Nguyen Thong Nhu , Schutt-Aine Jose , Bahl Gaurav , Kim Seok 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnabling unique architectures and functionalities of microsystems for numerous applications in electronics, photonics and other areas often requires microassembly of separately prepared heterogeneous materials instead of monolithic microfabrication. However, microassembly of dissimilar materials while ensuring high structural integrity has been challenging in the context of deterministic transferring and joining of materials at the microscale where surface adhesion is far more dominant than body weight. Here we present an approach to assembling microsystems with microscale building blocks of four disparate classes of device-grade materials including semiconductors, metals, dielectrics and polymers. This approach uniquely utilizes reversible adhesion-based transfer printing for material transferring and thermal processing for material joining at the microscale. The interfacial joining characteristics between materials assembled by this approach are systematically investigated upon different joining mechanisms using blister tests. The device level capabilities of this approach are further demonstrated through assembling and testing of a microtoroid resonator and a radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch that involve optical and electrical functionalities with mechanical motion. This work opens up a unique route towards 3D heterogeneous material integration to fabricate microsystems.
LRRK2 and RAB7L1 coordinately regulate axonal morphology and lysosome integrity in diverse cellular contexts
Authors: Kuwahara Tomoki , Inoue Keiichi , D’Agati Vivette D. , Fujimoto Tetta , Eguchi Tomoya , Saha Shamol , Wolozin Benjamin , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Abeliovich Asa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLeucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been linked to several clinical disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Crohn’s disease and leprosy. Furthermore in rodents, LRRK2 deficiency or inhibition leads to lysosomal pathology in kidney and lung. Here we provide evidence that LRRK2 functions together with a second PD-associated gene, RAB7L1, within an evolutionarily conserved genetic module in diverse cellular contexts. In C. elegans neurons, orthologues of LRRK2 and RAB7L1 act coordinately in an ordered genetic pathway to regulate axonal elongation. Further genetic studies implicated the AP-3 complex, which is a known regulator of axonal morphology as well as of intracellular protein trafficking to the lysosome compartment, as a physiological downstream effector of LRRK2 and RAB7L1. Additional cell-based studies implicated LRRK2 in the AP-3 complex-related intracellular trafficking of lysosomal membrane proteins. In mice, deficiency of either RAB7L1 or LRRK2 leads to prominent age-associated lysosomal defects in kidney proximal tubule cells, in the absence of frank CNS pathology. We hypothesize that defects in this evolutionarily conserved genetic pathway underlie the diverse pathologies associated with LRRK2 in humans and in animal models.
Low temperature deformation behavior of an electromagnetically bulged 5052 aluminum alloy
Authors: Li Zu , Li Ning , Wang Duzhen , Ouyang Di , Liu Lin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe fundamental understanding of the deformation behavior of electromagnetically formed metallic components under extreme conditions is important. Here, the effect of low temperature on the deformation behavior of an electromagnetically-bulged 5052 aluminum alloy was investigated through uniaxial tension. We found that the Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect, designated by the serrated characteristic in stress-strain curves, continuously decays until completely disappears with decreasing temperature. The physical origin of the phenomenon is rationalized on the basis of the theoretical analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation, which reveal an increasing resistance to dislocation motion imposed by lowering temperature. The dislocations are captured completely by solute atoms at −50 °C, which results in the extinction of Portevin-Le Chatelier. The detailed mechanism responsible for this process is further examined through Monte Carlo simulation.
Molecular Signature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Simultaneous Nanomolar Detection of Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Buzid Alyah , Shang Fengjun , Reen F. Jerry , Muimhneacháin Eoin Ó , Clarke Sarah L. , Zhou Lin , Luong John H. T. , O’Gara Fergal , McGlacken Gerard P. , Glennon Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectroanalysis was performed using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous detection of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (HHQ) and pyocyanin (PYO). PQS and its precursor HHQ are two important signal molecules produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while PYO is a redox active toxin involved in virulence and pathogenesis. This Gram-negative and opportunistic human pathogen is associated with a hospital-acquired infection particularly in patients with compromised immunity and is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Early detection is crucial in the clinical management of this pathogen, with established infections entering a biofilm lifestyle that is refractory to conventional antibiotic therapies. Herein, a detection procedure was optimized and proven for the simultaneous detection of PYO, HHQ and PQS in standard mixtures, biological samples, and P. aeruginosa spiked CF sputum samples with remarkable sensitivity, down to nanomolar levels. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) scans were also applicable for monitoring the production of PYO, HHQ and PQS in P. aeruginosa PA14 over 8 h of cultivation. The simultaneous detection of these three compounds represents a molecular signature specific to this pathogen.
Crosstalk between cystine and glutathione is critical for the regulation of amino acid signaling pathways and ferroptosis
Authors: Yu Xinlei , Long Yun Chau 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough essential amino acids regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the integrated stress response (ISR), the role of cysteine is unknown. We found that in hepatoma HepG2 cells, cystine (oxidized form of cysteine) activated mTORC1 and suppressed the ISR. Cystine deprivation induced GSH efflux and extracellular degradation, which aimed to restore cellular cysteine. Inhibition of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Inhibition of protein translation restored both mTORC1 signaling and the ISR during cystine starvation, suggesting the bulk of cellular cysteine was committed to the biosynthetic process. Cellular cysteine and GSH displayed overlapping protective roles in the suppression of ferroptosis, further supporting their cooperation in the regulation of cell signaling. Thus, cellular cysteine and its derivative GSH cooperate to regulate mTORC1 pathway, the ISR and ferroptosis.
Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B)-deficient neurons show structural presynaptic deficiencies in vitro and altered presynaptic physiology
Authors: Bodaleo Felipe J. , Montenegro-Venegas Carolina , Henríquez Daniel R. , Court Felipe A. , Gonzalez-Billault Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMicrotubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is expressed predominantly during the early stages of development of the nervous system, where it regulates processes such as axonal guidance and elongation. Nevertheless, MAP1B expression in the brain persists in adult stages, where it participates in the regulation of the structure and physiology of dendritic spines in glutamatergic synapses. Moreover, MAP1B expression is also found in presynaptic synaptosomal preparations. In this work, we describe a presynaptic phenotype in mature neurons derived from MAP1B knockout (MAP1B KO) mice. Mature neurons express MAP1B, and its deficiency does not alter the expression levels of a subgroup of other synaptic proteins. MAP1B KO neurons display a decrease in the density of presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals, which involves a reduction in the density of synaptic contacts, and an increased proportion of orphan presynaptic terminals. Accordingly, MAP1B KO neurons present altered synaptic vesicle fusion events, as shown by FM4-64 release assay, and a decrease in the density of both synaptic vesicles and dense core vesicles at presynaptic terminals. Finally, an increased proportion of excitatory immature symmetrical synaptic contacts in MAP1B KO neurons was detected. Altogether these results suggest a novel role for MAP1B in presynaptic structure and physiology regulation in vitro.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of Aureobasidium melanogenum lipase in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Wongwatanapaiboon Jinaporn , Klinbunga Sirawut , Ruangchainikom Chalermchai , Thummadetsak Gamgarn , Chulalaksananukul Suphang , Marty Alain , Chulalaksananukul Warawut 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
cDNA of Aureobasidium melanogenum lipase comprises 1254 bp encoding 417 amino acids, whereas genomic DNA of lipase comprises 1311 bp with one intron (57 bp). The lipase gene contains a putative signal peptide encoding 26 amino acids. The A. melanogenum lipase gene was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Recombinant lipase in an inducible expression system showed the highest lipase activity of 3.8 U/mL after six days of 2% v/v methanol induction. The molecular mass of purified recombinant lipase was estimated as 39 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Optimal lipase activity was observed at 35–37 °C and pH 7.0 using p-nitrophenyl laurate as the substrate. Lipase activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Ni2+, CHAPS, DTT, and EDTA and inhibited by Hg2+, Ag+, SDS, Tween 20, and Triton X-100. The addition of 10% v/v acetone, DMSO, p-xylene, and octanol increased lipase activity, whereas that of propanol and butanol strongly inhibited it.
When the Emperor Submitted to his Rebellious Subjects: A Neglected and Innovative Legal Account of the Peace of Constance, 1183
Authors: Raccagni Gianluca 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Scholarship associates Emperor Frederick Barbarossa with two momentous but seemingly contrary developments in European history: the Diet of Roncaglia of 1158 is considered a landmark in the conceptualisation and growth of royal authority, but the Peace of Constance with the rebel Lombard League of 1183 is represented as the legal basis for the autonomy of the Italian city republics. This paper highlights the fact that the Peace of Constance also identified imperial prerogatives, and it argues that, while it is now overlooked, that side of the settlement attracted a great deal of attention well into the early modern period and well beyond Italy. It demonstrates this by examining a largely forgotten account by the jurist Odofredus, which differs from the now current depictions of the Peace of Constance by stating that the rectors of the League defined those prerogatives following Barbarossa’s submission to them. The paper advises partial acceptance of this account, contextualises it in the conflict between Frederick II and the League (1226–50), and suggests not only that the Peace of Constance and Odofredus’ account informed seminal debates on kingship, right of resistance and popular sovereignty, but also that the former came to be a prime historical example of a settlement between sovereign and subjects, and the latter its standard interpretation, in the following centuries.
The mitotic spindle in the one-cellC. elegansembryo is positioned with high precision and stability
Authors: Pecreaux Jacques , Redemann Stefanie , Alayan Zahraa , Mercat Benjamin , Pastezeur Sylvain , Garzon-Coral Carlos , Hyman Anthony A. , Howard Jonathon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrecise positioning of the mitotic spindle is important for specifying the plane of cell division, which in turn determines how the cytoplasmic contents of the mother cell are partitioned into the daughter cells, and how the daughters are positioned within the tissue. During metaphase in the earlyC. elegansembryo, the spindle is aligned and centered on the anterior-posterior axis by a microtubule-dependent machinery that exerts restoring forces when the spindle is displaced from the center. To investigate the accuracy and stability of centering, we tracked the position and orientation of the mitotic spindle during the first cell division with high temporal and spatial resolution. We found that the precision is remarkably high: the cell-to-cell variation in the transverse position of the center of the spindle during metaphase, as measured by the standard deviation, was only 1.5% of the length of the short axis of the cell. Spindle position is also very stable: the standard deviation of the fluctuations in transverse spindle position during metaphase was only 0.5% of the short axis of the cell. Assuming that stability is limited by fluctuations in the number of independent motor elements such as microtubules or dyneins underlying the centering machinery, we infer that the number is on the order of one thousand, consistent with the several thousand of astral microtubules in these cells. Astral microtubules grow out from the two spindle poles, make contact with the cell cortex, and then shrink back shortly thereafter. The high stability of centering can be accounted for quantitatively if, while making contact with the cortex, the astral microtubules buckle as they exert compressive, pushing forces. We thus propose that the large number of microtubules in the asters provides a highly precise mechanism for positioning the spindle during metaphase while assembly is completed prior to the onset of anaphase.
Assessing hygiene practices during fish selling in retail stores
Authors: Trafialek Joanna , Zwolinski Michal , Kolanowski Wojciech 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess hygiene practices during fish selling in retail stores.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were collected by observations during inspections carried out in 100 randomly selected food retail stores, both independent and chain, selling fresh fish, fish products and other seafood. Stores were located in and around the area of Warsaw, Poland. The inspection check list consisted of 43 questions based on rigorist requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) 852, 853 and Codex Alimentarius. The question form was divided into three hygiene sectors: hygiene conditions of seafood departments; hygiene of fish selling process; personal hygiene of employees. Inspections were unannounced, and were conducted by discreet visual observations of employees work routine and selling procedures.

Findings
– The level of hygiene compliances with inspection criteria was unexpectedly low. The highest percentage of compliance appeared in the hygiene of fish selling processes (in 44 percent of the stores compliance with evaluated criteria was found), less one compliance levels appeared in personal hygiene (18 percent) and hygiene of seafood department’s hygiene conditions (23 percent). Neither the size of the store, nor its location and type (independent and local or global chain) affected the compliance rate.

Research limitations/implications
– The main research limitation is that assessment was done only by observation method. This is one of audit/inspection methods according to ISO 19011/2011, guidelines for auditing management systems. However, this kind of inspection cannot assess microbiological cleanliness or other like ATP or symptoms of diseases expect of only visible signs. The used inspection check list needs more testing and more analyses should be done for its reliability and validity.

Practical implications
– Adequate hygiene practices are critical in preventing cross-contamination. However, none of the inspected stores ensured full implementation of all hygiene requirements during the sale of fish. The results indicated that a greater effort should be made to increase hygiene level both in small and large size retail stores. The designed inspection questionnaire proved to be a successful format for detailed evaluation of hygiene practices during the sale of fish. However, more work and analyses should be done for its reliability and validity.

Social implications
– The findings bring some information for the consumers that in many retail stores the hygiene level during the fish sales might be insufficient.

Originality/value
– The paper presents additional and detailed data on hygiene practices during fish selling, which are rarely pointed out by other authors. The applied evaluation method showed a low level of compliance with the rigorous hygienic criteria, adopted in this study, that may raise some food safety concerns.
A bio-inspired model of organizational excellence
Authors: Agarwal Alpana , Vrat Prem 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to validate the enablers of bio-inspired model of organizational excellence proposed by Agarwal and Vrat (2015a). It is also aimed to test its usefulness as an instrument in evaluating the degree of organizational excellence achieved.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey methodology has been used to investigate the hypotheses. Data have been collected through a self-structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Structural equation modeling and analytic hierarchic process have been used to test and analyze the data.

Findings
– The results of hypothesis testing indicated that out of 19 paths only ten were significant. However, in the revised model only six paths out of those ten significant paths were retained and three new suggested paths were incorporated to make the final model. Besides, calculation of relative weights of each enabler shows that being self-driven occupies the top-most rankings, supply chain optimization occupies the second rank and promptness and reliability and maintainability occupy the bottom ranking in driving performance excellence, being resulting outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
– The major limitations of this research are: verification of the proposed model is done on only two test companies, and results of which are compared with one excellence award model only. Besides, the score resulted for test companies are based on self-assessment by them and thus require further validation.

Practical implications
– The validated model can be applied for assessing degree of organizational excellence achieved by any company. The results of the assessment would serve as key focus areas for improvement.

Originality/value
– The research is first to benchmark the human body for assessing the degree of organizational excellence achieved. The uniqueness of this model is that the various parameters of excellence assessment which are derived from human body, perceived as a benchmark in being the most well managed system.
Relationship between time use in physical activity and gross motor performance of preschool children
Authors: Lin Ling‐Yi , Cherng Rong‐Ju , Chen Yung‐Jung 
Published: July 2016

Background/aimParticipation in physical activity is an important health concern for children in most Western communities, but little is known about Asian children's participation. The purpose of this study was to extend the current knowledge on how much time preschool children in Taiwan spend on physical activity, to examine its relationship with gross motor performance and to provide information on the establishment of physical activity guidelines for preschool children in Taiwan.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty‐four children between 36 and 71 months old were recruited from a university medical centre and from preschools in Taiwan. The primary outcomes were measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐Second Edition and the modified Preschool‐aged Children's Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results89.8% of our participants did not meet the recommendations from the National Association for Sport and Physical Education for time spent in physical activities. Participants spent an average of 155 minutes/week in low intensity physical activity. Children with motor difficulties tended to spend less time on physical activity than did typically developing children. The mother's level of education and whether the child was overweight or obese correlated with how much time the children spent on physical activity.ConclusionsWe conclude that paediatric occupational therapists should explain to parents the relationship between physical activity and motor development and advocate for developmentally positive physical activities for preschool children. Physical activity guidelines for Taiwanese preschoolers should be established immediately.
Speculating on health: public health meets finance in ‘health impact bonds’
Authors: Rowe Rachel , Stephenson Niamh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhere modern public health developed techniques to calculate probability, potentiality, risk and uncertainty, contemporary finance introduces instruments that redeploy these. This article traces possibilities for interrogating the connection between health and financialisation as it is arising in one particular example – the health impact bond. It locates the development of this very recent financial innovation in an account of public health's role within governance strategies over the 20th century to the present. We examine how social impact bonds for chronic disease prevention programmes bring two previously distinct ways of thinking about and addressing risk into the same domain. Exploring the derivative‐type properties of health impact bonds elucidates the financial processes of exchange, hedging, bundling and leveraging. As tools for speculation, the functions of health impact bonds can be delinked from any particular outcome for participants in health interventions. How public health techniques for knowing and acting on risks to population health will contest, rework or be subsumed within finance's speculative response to risk, is to be seen.