bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION AND RANKING OF FERMI LAT GAMMA-RAY SOURCES FROM THE 3FGL CATALOG USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Saz Parkinson P. M. , Xu H. , Yu P. L. H. , Salvetti D. , Marelli M. , Falcone A. D. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We apply a number of statistical and machine learning techniques to classify and rank gamma-ray sources from the Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (3FGL), according to their likelihood of falling into the two major classes of gamma-ray emitters: pulsars (PSR) or active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using 1904 3FGL sources that have been identified/associated with AGNs (1738) and PSR (166), we train (using 70% of our sample) and test (using 30%) our algorithms and find that the best overall accuracy (>96%) is obtained with the Random Forest (RF) technique, while using a logistic regression (LR) algorithm results in only marginally lower accuracy. We apply the same techniques on a subsample of 142 known gamma-ray pulsars to classify them into two major subcategories: young (YNG) and millisecond pulsars (MSP). Once more, the RF algorithm has the best overall accuracy (∼90%), while a boosted LR analysis comes a close second. We apply our two best models (RF and LR) to the entire 3FGL catalog, providing predictions on the likely nature of unassociated sources, including the likely type of pulsar (YNG or MSP). We also use our predictions to shed light on the possible nature of some gamma-ray sources with known associations (e.g., binaries, supernova remnants/pulsar wind nebulae). Finally, we provide a list of plausible X-ray counterparts for some pulsar candidates, obtained using Swift, Chandra, and XMM. The results of our study will be of interest both for in-depth follow-up searches (e.g., pulsar) at various wavelengths and for broader population studies.
Age-Associated Resident Memory CD8 T Cells in the Central Nervous System Are Primed To Potentiate Inflammation after Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Ritzel Rodney M. , Crapser Joshua , Patel Anita R. , Verma Rajkumer , Grenier Jeremy M. , Chauhan Anjali , Jellison Evan R. , McCullough Louise D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Aging is associated with an increase in basal inflammation in the CNS and an overall decline in cognitive function and poorer recovery following injury. Growing evidence suggests that leukocyte recruitment to the CNS is also increased with normal aging, but, to date, no systematic evaluation of these age-associated leukocytes has been performed. In this work, the effect of aging on CNS leukocyte recruitment was examined. Aging was associated with more CD45high leukocytes, primarily composed of conventional CD8+ T cells. These results were strain independent and seen in both sexes. Intravascular labeling and immunohistology revealed the presence of parenchymal CD8+ T cells in several regions of the brain, including the choroid plexus and meninges. These cells had effector memory (CD44+CD62L−) and tissue-resident phenotypes and expressed markers associated with TCR activation. Analysis of TCRvβ repertoire usage suggested that entry into the CNS is most likely stochastic rather than Ag driven. Correlational analyses revealed a positive association between CD8 T cell numbers and decreased proinflammatory function of microglia. However, the effects of cerebral ischemia and ex vivo stimulation of these cells dramatically increased production of TNF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1/CCL2. Taken together, we identified a novel population of resident memory, immunosurveillant CD8 T cells that represent a hallmark of CNS aging and appear to modify microglia homeostasis under normal conditions, but are primed to potentiate inflammation and leukocyte recruitment following ischemic injury.
KIR3DL1 and HLA-B Density and Binding Calibrate NK Education and Response to HIV
Authors: Boudreau Jeanette E. , Mulrooney Tiernan J. , Le Luduec Jean-Benoît , Barker Edward , Hsu Katharine C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
NK cells recognize self-HLA via killer Ig-like receptors (KIR). Homeostatic HLA expression signals for inhibition via KIR, and downregulation of HLA, a common consequence of viral infection, allows NK activation. Like HLA, KIR are highly polymorphic, and allele combinations of the most diverse receptor–ligand pair, KIR3DL1 and HLA-B, correspond to hierarchical HIV control. We used primary cells from healthy human donors to demonstrate how subtype combinations of KIR3DL1 and HLA-B calibrate NK education and their consequent capacity to eliminate HIV-infected cells. High-density KIR3DL1 and Bw4-80I partnerships endow NK cells with the greatest reactivity against HLA-negative targets; NK cells exhibiting the remaining KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 combinations demonstrate intermediate responsiveness; and Bw4-negative KIR3DL1+ NK cells are poorly responsive. Cytotoxicity against HIV-infected autologous CD4+ T cells strikingly correlated with reactivity to HLA-negative targets. These findings suggest that the programming of NK effector function results from defined features of receptor and ligand subtypes. KIR3DL1 and HLA-B subtypes exhibit an array of binding strengths. Like KIR3DL1, subtypes of HLA-Bw4 are expressed at distinct, predictable membrane densities. Combinatorial permutations of common receptor and ligand subtypes reveal binding strength, receptor density, and ligand density to be functionally important. These findings have immediate implications for prognosis in patients with HIV infection. Furthermore, they demonstrate how features of KIR and HLA modified by allelic variation calibrate NK cell reactive potential.
Combining Expertise: Reflecting on a Team Approach to Curriculum Development and Implementation
Authors: Bailey Jean M. , Perkowski Linda C. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction This article discussed curriculum development and implementation using a unique collaboration of basic scientists and clinicians functioning as course co-directors. It explores the pros, cons, and unintended consequences of this integrated approach through reflections of the faculty involved. Methods Ten faculty participated in semi-structured phone interviews to reflect on their experiences. Results Analysis of interview transcripts revealed four key themes: (1) the value of the basic scientist and clinician partnership, (2) strategies for coordination, (3) balancing responsibilities, and (4) hierarchy and power. Discussion This study identified that both basic scientists and clinicians experienced benefits from using a course co-director collaborative approach to curriculum development and implementation. While challenges are also noted, the benefits of the collaboration were evident in course organization, course evaluation reports, student feedback, and USMLE Step I pass rate.
Listening and the League of Nations: Acoustics Are the Argument
Authors: Von Fischer Sabine 
Published: March 2016

Abstract: In the debates following the 1926–27 competition for the new headquarters of the League of Nations in Geneva, the acoustic aspect was largely overlooked. The competition coincided with the formation of architectural acoustics as a profession and an academic discipline. Looking at this coincidence sheds new light on the reasoning of Peter Meyer and Sigfried Giedion, who, in support of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret’s scheme, gave remarkable prominence to arguments about acoustics. The transmission of speech in the large Assembly Hall with seating for 2,700 could not be resolved by traditional techniques, and opinions on the modern method of electroacoustic amplification differed greatly. The protagonists who stepped forward in favor of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret’s scheme, for which Gustave Lyon served as acoustic advisor, emphasized the sound quality of their design for the large Assembly Hall. Despite the acoustically infeasible competition brief, they declared literal understanding, based on the intelligibility of speech, to be a fundamental function of the League of Nations headquarters. The questions raised in this paper relate to architecture’s aurality and visuality, as well as claims concerning function in debates on Modernism. Diplomatic understanding was evidently at stake in the League of Nations’ political program, but, curiously, literal understanding was neglected in the acoustic design for the Assembly Hall by many of the competitors and the jury, and—apart from a short remark by Jacques Gubler in 1985 —was subsequently overlooked by historians. Keywords: acoustics; function; functionality; League of Nations; Gustave Lyon; Franz Max Osswald. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.495
Clinical Management and Guidelines for Infective Endocarditis in Orthodontics
Authors: Tekale Pawankumar D , Mhaske Arun R , Acharya Vishwas Diwakar , Patil Harshal A , Agarwal Chetankumar O , Aru Bharti M 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The fixed orthodontic treatment is not contraindicated in systemic disorders, where orthodontist reveals the diagnosis from medical practitioner and plan the orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene maintenance and necessary prophylaxis. Due to privation of practical guidelines and fear of advancing the contagion, many orthodontist do not treat patient potentially at the risk of developing endocarditis. This review article highlights the sign, symptoms, orthodontic guidelines and prophylaxis modalities for infective endocarditis (IE).

How to cite this article
Tekale PD, Mhaske AR, Acharya VD, Patil HA, Agarwal CO, Aru BM. Clinical Management and Guidelines for Infective Endocarditis in Orthodontics. World J Dent 2015;6(4):226-228.
A 3-Year Follow-up Case Report of a Successfully treated Perforating Internal Root Resorption using MTA
Authors: Vedavathi B , Swapna DV , Rashmi K , Hegde Jayshree , Pai Veena Suresh , Kumar GR Krishna 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Internal root resorption is the progressive destruction of intraradicular dentin along the canal wall as a result of clastic activity. Perforating internal root resorption poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge to the clinician. Poor prognosis of such teeth makes extraction a treatment option. Presented herein is a case report of a mandibular second premolar with advanced perforating internal root resorption in the middle third of the root. Advanced diagnostic method, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for definitive diagnosis and treatment planning. Sectional obturation with gutta-percha was performed up to the resorptive defect and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used to fill the resorptive defect and rest of the canal space. At a follow-up of 3 years, the patient was clinically asymptomatic with good bone repair around the resorptive defect.

How to cite this article
Rashmi K, Hegde J, Swapna DV, Pai VS, Vedavathi B, Kumar GRK. A 3-Year Follow-up Case Report of a Successfully treated Perforating Internal Root Resorption using MTA. World J Dent 2015;6(4):235-238.
Bond Strength of Reline Resins to Aged-simulated Denture Base Acrylic Resin
Authors: Borges Alessandra Buhler , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Batista Graziela Ribeiro , Bresciani Eduardo , Crastechini Erica , Zanatta Rayssa Ferreira 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different direct reliners to acrylic resin for denture base.

Materials and methods
Double-cone specimens were made: HA-heat-cured acrylic resin-(n = 20); U-Ufi Gel Hard C-(n = 10); K: Kooliner-(n = 10); R-Rebase II Fast-(n = 10) and RH-Rebase II Fast + Resin Hardener-(n = 10). Ten HA samples were immediately submitted to cohesive test. The remaining HA samples and others were submitted to thermal aging (HAaged, 1000 cycles, 5.55oC), followed by tensile test. For tensile strength, 50 single cone-shaped samples were made of heat-cured acrylic resin and aged (HAaged, 1000 cycles, 5.55oC). After surface treatment, relining resin cones were build up using silicon molds, and stressed to failure. Values of cohesive and tensile strength were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%).

Results
Bond strength were: HA/HAaged: 21.17 (Â±4.89)a, U/HAaged: 11.56 (Â±1.98)b, R/HAaged: 9.69 (Â±2.37)b, RH/ HAaged: 9.38 (Â±1.78)bc and K/HAaged: 5.98 (Â±1.90)c. The cohesive strength were: KCoe: 22.29(Â±4.06)a; RCoe: 23.99 (Â±3.29)a; RHCoe: 24.84 (Â±3.88)a; UCoe: 25.62 (Â±3.03)a; HAaged: 36.06 (Â±8.65)b and HA:42.29 (Â±7.68)b. Groups followed by the same letters do not show differences.

Conclusion
Bond strength of acrylic resin to acrylic denture base material is higher than the reliners and Ufi Gel Hard C showed the higher bond strength.

How to cite this article
Zanatta RF, Batista GR, Crastechini É, Bresciani E, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Bond Strength of Reline Resins to Aged-simulated Denture Base Acrylic Resin. World J Dent 2016;7(1):1-5.
A Retrospective Panoramic Radiographic Study on Prevalence of Pulp Stones in South Karnataka Population
Authors: Ajmal Muhammed , Sandeepa NC , Deepika N 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundPulp stones are calcification in the dental pulp which can be present either in deciduous or permanent teeth. Exact causes of pulp stones are not known and several elements have been associated. It can be seen in healthy, diseased or as a part of various syndromes. Frequency of pulp stones fluctuated from 8 to 95% depending on the population studied. Our study is an attempt to know the prevalence of pulp stones in radiographs of South Karnataka population and to assess probable relations between pulp stones and gender, type of tooth, dental arch and quadrant. Comparison of our results with published documents was done and our study statistics can be considered as an added information in the field of forensic dentistry.Materials and methodsOne thousand panoramic radiographs were retrospectively evaluated which included 576 females 424 males aged between 18 and 70 years. A total of 27,184 teeth were examined for the presence of pulp stones. Associations of pulp stones with sex, tooth type, dental arch and side were noted.ResultsPulp stones prevalence was 7.5% of subjects. Out of 27,184 teeth examined, 394 teeth revealed pulp stones (1.45%). Occurrences were rare in premolars (2%) but significantly higher in molars (54.6%). Pulp stones were seen more in first molars than second molars and in maxillary first molars than in mandibular first molars. Pulp stones were commonly seen in 26 to 45 years age group.ConclusionPulp stones may provide useful forensic information when examining dental records to identify deceased persons. Dental features vary among different population and thus knowing the prevalence is significant in the forensic aspect.How to cite this articleSandeepa NC, Ajmal M, Deepika N. A Retrospective Panoramic Radiographic Study on Prevalence of Pulp Stones in South Karnataka Population. World J Dent 2016;7(1):14-17.
Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1900 to 1950—Part II
Authors: Jain Ashish R 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
This article continues an historical review, begun in the last issue, of landmark clinical investigations that advanced the profession's understanding of the nature of condylar movement. The investigators’ unique recording devices, developed for registering and studying the movements of the condyles in human subjects, are described.

How to cite this article
Jain AR. Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1900 to 1950—Part II. World J Dent 2016;7(1):2331.
Multicystic Ameloblastoma in Anterior Region of the Mandible treated by Partial Mandibulectomy
Authors: Tomo Saygo , Fernandes Karina Gonzales Camara , Kina Mônica , Simonato Luciana Estevam , da Silva Damaris Sprita , de Lúcia Mariângela Borghi Ingraci 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Among all odontogenic tumors, multicystic ameloblastoma stands out as the most common one, originating from odontogenic epithelium, and despite these tumors are consi dered benign in nature, it shows a wide aggressive beha vior, growing through the trabeculae of spongy bone. Diagnosing multicystic amelo blastoma is frequently challenging, nevertheless, modern imaginologic advents have demonstrating high accuracy. Due to its locally invasive behavior, management of multicystic amelo blastoma has been theme for controversies in literature, nevertheless, most of researches seem to agree that aggressive surgical resection is the most effective approach for this tumor. This paper reports an uncommon case of multicystic ameloblastoma occurring in the anterior mandible region of a female patient. Clinical main manifestation consisted on an extensive swelling in chin region, associated to a bone expansion in anterior lower alveolar bone. The patient reported the lesion has growing slowly, and have not manifested any episode of pain or sensitivity loss. Panoramic radiography analysis revealed an extensive lesion with honeycomb aspect in mental region of the mandible, while the computed tomography analysis showed the vestibular expansion of the tumor with several osseous septa into the lesion. Chosen treatment for the tumor was the partial mandibulectomy incorporation a riskfree bone border, aiming to avoid recurrence, once the literature points high rates of recurrence in ameloblastic tumors conservatively treated. After tumor removal with a 1.5 cm safe bone, histologic analysis revealed no tumor tissue presence on health bone margin, establishing a good prognosis with no recurrence. Moreover, diagnosis performed based on clinicalradiographical evaluation was satisfactory, leading us to the right diagnosis. This case elucidates that clinical and imaginologic evaluation of ameloblastoma tumors is reliable for clinicians to define the right diagnosis for these lesions. Furthermore, it shows multicystic ameloblastoma might be treated by partial mandibulectomy with a magin of healthy bone with low recurrence chances and satisfactory quality of life.

How to cite this article
Tomo S, da Silva DS, de Lúcia MBI, Kina M, Fernandes KGC, Simonato LE. Multicystic Ameloblastoma in Anterior Region of the Mandible Treated by Partial Mandibulectomy. World J Dent 2016;7(1):3640.
Modelling sediment clasts transport during landscape evolution
Authors: Carretier Sébastien , Martinod Pierre , Reich Martin , Godderis Yves 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Over thousands to millions of years, the landscape evolution is predicted by models based on fluxes of eroded, transported and deposited material. The laws describing these fluxes, corresponding to averages over many years, are difficult to prove with the available data. On the other hand, sediment dynamics are often tackled by studying the distribution of certain grain properties in the field (e.g. heavy metals, detrital zircons, 10Be in gravel, magnetic tracers). There is a gap between landscape evolution models based on fluxes and these field data on individual clasts, which prevent the latter from being used to calibrate the former. Here we propose an algorithm coupling the landscape evolution with mobile clasts. Our landscape evolution model predicts local erosion, deposition and transfer fluxes resulting from hillslope and river processes. Clasts of any size are initially spread in the basement and are detached, moved and deposited according to probabilities using these fluxes. Several river and hillslope laws are studied. Although the resulting mean transport rate of the clasts does not depend on the time step or the model cell size, our approach is limited by the fact that their scattering rate is cell-size-dependent. Nevertheless, both their mean transport rate and the shape of the scattering-time curves fit the predictions. Different erosion–transport laws generate different clast movements. These differences show that studying the tracers in the field may provide a way to establish these laws on the hillslopes and in the rivers. Possible applications include the interpretation of cosmogenic nuclides in individual gravel deposits, provenance analyses, placers, sediment coarsening or fining, the relationship between magnetic tracers in rivers and the river planform, and the tracing of weathered sediment.
Evaluation of an operational ocean model configuration at 1/12° spatial resolution for the Indonesian seas (NEMO2.3/INDO12) – Part 1: Ocean physics
Authors: Tranchant Benoît , Reffray Guillaume , Greiner Eric , Nugroho Dwiyoga , Koch-Larrouy Ariane , Gaspar Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. INDO12 is a 1/12° regional version of the NEMO physical ocean model covering the whole Indonesian EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone). It has been developed and is now running every week in the framework of the INDESO (Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography) project implemented by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. The initial hydrographic conditions as well as open-boundary conditions are derived from the operational global ocean forecasting system at 1/4° operated by Mercator Océan. Atmospheric forcing fields (3-hourly ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) analyses) are used to force the regional model. INDO12 is also forced by tidal currents and elevations, and by the inverse barometer effect. The turbulent mixing induced by internal tides is taken into account through a specific parameterisation. In this study we evaluate the model skill through comparisons with various data sets including outputs of the parent model, climatologies, in situ temperature and salinity measurements, and satellite data. The biogeochemical model results assessment is presented in a companion paper (Gutknecht et al., 2015). The simulated and altimeter-derived Eddy Kinetic Energy fields display similar patterns and confirm that tides are a dominant forcing in the area. The volume transport of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) is in good agreement with the INSTANT estimates while the transport through Luzon Strait is, on average, westward but probably too weak. Compared to satellite data, surface salinity and temperature fields display marked biases in the South China Sea. Significant water mass transformation occurs along the main routes of the ITF and compares well with observations. Vertical mixing is able to modify the South and North Pacific subtropical water-salinity maximum as seen in T–S diagrams. In spite of a few weaknesses, INDO12 proves to be able to provide a very realistic simulation of the ocean circulation and water mass transformation through the Indonesian Archipelago. Work is ongoing to reduce or eliminate the remaining problems in the second INDO12 version.