bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Component‐resolved diagnosis and beyond: Multivariable regression models to predict severity of hazelnut allergy
Authors: Datema M. R. , van Ree R. , Asero R. , Barreales L. , Belohlavkova S. , de Blay F. , Clausen M. , Dubakiene R. , Fernández‐Perez C. , Fritsche P. , Gislason D. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K. , Jedrzejczak‐Czechowicz M. , Jongejan L. , Knulst A. C. , Kowalski M. , Kralimarkova T. Z. , Le T.‐M. , Lidholm J. , Papadopoulos N. G. , Popov T. A. , del Prado N. , Purohit A. , Reig I. , Seneviratne S. L. , Sinaniotis A. , Versteeg S. A. , Vieths S. , Zwinderman A. H. , Mills E. N. C. , Fernández‐Rivas M. , Ballmer‐Weber B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundComponent‐resolved diagnosis (CRD) has revealed significant associations between IgE against individual allergens and severity of hazelnut allergy. Less attention has been given to combining them with clinical factors in predicting severity.AimTo analyze associations between severity and sensitization patterns, patient characteristics and clinical history, and to develop models to improve predictive accuracy.MethodsPatients reporting hazelnut allergy (n = 423) from 12 European cities were tested for IgE against individual hazelnut allergens. Symptoms (reported and during Double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge [DBPCFC]) were categorized in mild, moderate, and severe. Multiple regression models to predict severity were generated from clinical factors and sensitization patterns (CRD‐ and extract‐based). Odds ratios (ORs) and areas under receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) were used to evaluate their predictive value.ResultsCor a 9 and 14 were positively (OR 10.5 and 10.1, respectively), and Cor a 1 negatively (OR 0.14) associated with severe symptoms during DBPCFC, with AUCs of 0.70‐073. Combining Cor a 1 and 9 improved this to 0.76. A model using a combination of atopic dermatitis (risk), pollen allergy (protection), IgE against Cor a 14 (risk) and walnut (risk) increased the AUC to 0.91. At 92% sensitivity, the specificity was 76.3%, and the positive and negative predictive values 62.2% and 95.7%, respectively. For reported symptoms, associations and generated models proved to be almost identical but weaker.ConclusionA model combining CRD with clinical background and extract‐based serology is superior to CRD alone in assessing the risk of severe reactions to hazelnut, particular in ruling out severe reactions.
Can point‐of‐care ultrasound predict spinal hypotension during caesarean section? A prospective observational study
Authors: Zieleskiewicz L. , Noel A. , Duclos G. , Haddam M. , Delmas A. , Bechis C. , Loundou A. , Blanc J. , Mignon A. , Bouvet L. , Einav S. , Bourgoin A. , Leone M. 
Published: October 2017

SummarySpinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section is associated with maternal hypotension, secondary to alteration of sympathetic tone and hypovolemia, in up to 70% of cases. Measurement of the subaortic variation in the velocity time integral (VTI) after passive leg raising allows prediction of fluid responsiveness. Our objective, in this prospective single‐centre observational study, was to assess the ability of change in VTI after 45° passive leg raising to predict hypotension after spinal anaesthesia. Ultrasound measurements were performed just before elective caesarean section. Anaesthesia, intravenous coloading and prophylactic vasopressor treatment were standardised according to current guidelines. We studied 40 women. Hypotension occurred in 17 (45%) women. The area (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for the prediction of spinal hypotension was 0.8 (0.6–0.9; p = 0.0001). Seventeen women had a change in VTI with leg elevation ≤ 8%, which was predictive for not developing hypotension, and 11 had a change ≥ 21%, predictive for hypotension. The grey zone between 8% and 21%, with inconclusive values, included 12 women. We suggest that cardiac ultrasound provides characterisation of the risk of hypotension following spinal anaesthesia at elective caesarean section, and therefore may allow individualised strategies for prevention and management.
Dynamic ultrasound‐guided short‐axis needle tip navigation technique vs. landmark technique for difficult saphenous vein access in children: a randomised study
Authors: Hanada S. , Van Winkle M. T. , Subramani S. , Ueda K. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryDynamic ultrasound‐guided short‐axis needle tip navigation is a novel technique for vascular access. After venipuncture, the needle and catheter are further advanced within the vessel lumen under real‐time ultrasound guidance with constant visualisation of the needle tip in the short‐axis view. This can minimise the risk of transfixing the cannulated vessel. We compared two techniques for non‐visible saphenous vein cannulation under general anaesthesia in children weighing ≥ 3 kg and less than four years of age: dynamic ultrasound‐guided short‐axis needle tip navigation technique (ultrasound group) vs. landmark technique. Venous cannulation was performed by three experienced anaesthetists. The primary outcome measure was first‐attempt success rate. Success rate within 10 min was a secondary outcome. A total of 102 patients were randomly allocated to either the ultrasound group or the landmark group. First‐attempt success rate was 90% in the ultrasound group compared with 51% in the landmark group, p<0.001, difference 39%, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference 23–55%. Success rate within 10 min was 92% in the ultrasound group compared with 63% in the landmark group, p = 0.001, difference 29%, 95%CI of the difference 14–45%. We conclude that, when performed by experienced anaesthetists, the dynamic ultrasound‐guided short‐axis needle tip navigation technique improved non‐visible saphenous vein cannulation in children compared with the landmark technique.
Environmentality on the Canadian Prairies: Settler‐Farmer Subjectivities and Agri‐Environmental Objects
Authors: Laforge Julia M.L. , McLachlan Stéphane M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractState and institutional actors have been shaping settler‐farmer subjectivities in order to transform the landscape and thus the history and geography of the Canadian Prairies. This paper expands the application of environmentality from its origins in colonial forestry to interrogate agriculture on prairie landscapes. The Canadian state used the technologies of environmentality to influence “common sense” attitudes and behaviours, which acted to deterritorialize Indigenous communities and then manipulated their subjectivities to guarantee settler‐farmer access to land. Later, institutions and states moulded settler‐farmer subjectivities of correct farming behaviour in an effort to convert soil, water, and seeds into economic resources. These environmental objects, in turn, acted upon settler‐farmer subjects by setting biophysical and genetic limits such as soil fertility, water quality and quantity, and plant hardiness and disease resistance. Resisting environmentality requires understanding processes of subjugation while also creating counter‐narratives of “good” farming behaviour and Indigenous‐settler relations.
Children in out‐of‐home care are at high risk of somatic, dental and mental ill health
Authors: Randsalu L S , Laurell L 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe Swedish Social Board has implemented a support strategy to guide out‐of‐home care for children, which translates as children's needs in focus (CNIF) and includes a systematic health assessment. It was fully introduced into the Skåne province in 2012 and our study covered the first four years of the CNIF health assessments, from 2012 to 2015.MethodsWe studied children aged 0–17 years in out‐of‐home care who had been referred by social workers for a CNIF health assessment, using their medical records to investigate both their health and the value of the health assessments.ResultFrom 2012 to 2015, only 409 (6%) of the 11 413 children in out‐of‐home care were referred for health assessments. Their health issues included depression and anxiety (29%), poor dental health (30%), seeking medical care for traumatic injuries (36%), previous contact with child psychiatry services (38%) and missed medical appointments (36%), dental appointments (36%) and child health programme appointments (39%). In addition, 10% of the girls and 9% of the boys were obese.ConclusionThis study found high levels of wide‐ranging health issues. Despite national Swedish guidelines and policies, only 6% of the children in out‐of‐home care were referred by social workers for a CNIF health assessment.
High blood pressure in the young: why should we care?
Authors: Flynn Joseph T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile primary hypertension (HTN) clearly occurs in children and adolescents, the approach of many providers to such patients can best be described as ambivalent: the condition may be recognised, but is not acted upon. Such ambivalence may stem from incomplete understanding of the effects of high blood pressure in the young, which in turn is related to the shortage of information on long‐term outcomes of primary childhood HTN. However, other evidence on the short‐ and long‐term effects of blood pressure elevation in childhood clearly shows that it is not a benign condition at all.ConclusionChildhood HTN warrants action to prevent adult cardiovascular disease.
ThePAC‐SYMquestionnaire for chronic constipation: defining the minimal important difference
Authors: Yiannakou Y. , Tack J. , Piessevaux H. , Dubois D. , Quigley E. M. M. , Ke M. Y. , Da Silva S. , Joseph A. , Kerstens R. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe Patient Assessment of Constipation‐Symptoms (PAC‐SYM) questionnaire is frequently used in clinical trials of constipation. However, the threshold for reduction in totalPAC‐SYMscore used to define a clinical response on this 0‐4 point scale has not undergone formal appraisal, and its relationship with clinical benefit as perceived by patients has not been defined.AimTo determine the minimal important difference inPAC‐SYMscore, and the optimum cut‐off value for defining responders.MethodsThe minimal important difference was estimated using data from six international phase 3/4, double‐blind, randomised controlled trials of prucalopride in patients with chronic constipation (NCT01147926,NCT01424228,NCT01116206,NCT00485940,NCT00483886,NCT00488137), with anchor‐ and distribution‐based approaches. Five appropriate patient‐reported outcomes were selected as anchors. In addition, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were used to investigate responder discrimination for each anchor.ResultsData from 2884 patients were included. Minimal important difference estimates ranged from –0.52 to –0.63 across the five anchors. Estimates were not affected by study location but were consistently lower for rectal symptoms than for abdominal and stool symptoms. Distribution‐based estimates were considerably lower than anchor‐based estimates.ROCcurve analyses showed optimum cut‐off scores for discriminating responders to be similar to anchor‐based minimal important difference estimates.ConclusionsAnchor‐based methods gave consistent results for the minimal important difference, at approximately –0.6, and this value was close to theROC‐determined optimal cut‐off scores for responder discrimination. This value could be considered in clinical practice. A slightly more conservative threshold (eg –0.75) could be used in clinical trials to reduce the placebo response rate.
Morphological characterisation of the digestive tract of the catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes, Pseudopimelodidae)
Authors: Mello Gabriel C. G. , Santos Marcella L. , Arantes Fábio P. , Pessali Thiago C. , Brito Marcelo F. G. , Santos José E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe anatomical arrangement of the digestive tract and the length (cm) of the oesophagus and intestine of the catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri were described, and the intestinal coefficient was determined. L. alexandri oesophagus is short, in median position, and presents longitudinally folded mucosa, whilst its epithelium is stratified and non‐keratinised, with mucous, claviform and epithelial cells. Stomach has “C” shape, with folded mucosa along cardiac region, disordered in the fundic region, and directed to the sphincter in the pyloric region. Its epithelium is simple prismatic, and cardiac and fundic portions have gastric glands. Cranial intestine is formed by pyloric flexure and descending loop attached to the right side of stomach. Middle intestine is winding and positioned to the right of caudal portion of stomach. Caudal intestine is linear and with a median position up to the anus. Intestinal coefficient was 1.39 ± 0.30 cm. Epithelium is simple prismatic with brush border and contains epithelial and goblet cells. Caudal region has highest concentration of goblet cells. Were detected neutral glycoproteins, carboxylated and sulphated acid glycoconjugates for mucous cells and goblet cells, and neutral glycoproteins for the apical region of gastric epithelial cells. Morphological features could be related to piscivorous species feeding habit.
TREM2 expression in the human brain: a marker of monocyte recruitment?
Authors: Fahrenhold Marie , Rakic Sonja , Classey John , Brayne Carol , Ince Paul G. , Nicoll James A. R. , Boche Delphine ,   MRC‐CFAS
Published: October 2017

AbstractMutation in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) 2 gene has been identified as a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental studies using animal models of AD have highlighted a number of functions associated with TREM2 and its expression by microglial cells. It has therefore been assumed that this is also the case in humans. However, there is very limited information concerning the cellular expression of TREM2 in the human brain. As part of investigations of microglia using post‐mortem resources provided by the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (MRC‐CFAS), we immunostained the cerebral cortex of 299 participants for TREM2 using the Sigma antibody HPA010917 and compared with the macrophage/microglial markers Iba1 and CD68. As expected, Iba1 and CD68 labeled microglia and perivascular macrophages. However, in most cases (284/299), the TREM2 antibody labelled monocytes within vascular lumens, but not microglia or perivascular macrophages. In contrast, in 5 out of 6 cases with acute infarcts, TREM2 immunoreaction identified cells within the brain parenchyma interpreted as recruited monocytes. Six cases with old infarcts contained phagocytic foamy macrophages which were CD68‐positive but TREM2 negative. Our observations, using the HPA010917 anti‐TREM2 antibody, suggest that TREM2 is not expressed by microglia but instead seems to be a marker of recruited monocytes in the human brain. This finding has implications with regards to the role of TREM2 as a risk factor, emphasizing the importance of systemic immune responses in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Development of a Cerebral Palsy Follow‐up Registry in Jordan (CPUP‐Jordan)
Authors: Almasri N. A. , Saleh M. , Abu‐Dahab S. , Malkawi S. H. , Nordmark E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsThis study aims to describe the development of a Cerebral Palsy Follow‐up Registry in Jordan (CPUP‐Jordan) and to provide a baseline child and parent demographic information, birth history of the child participants, and distribution of the participants based on topographical distribution of cerebral palsy (CP) and functional classification systems.MethodsThe CPUP‐Jordan was developed using a similar framework of a follow‐up surveillance programme for persons with CP in Sweden (CPUP). Standard assessment forms were utilized to collect data related to child and family demographics, child birth history, and functional classifications and physiotherapy and occupational therapy assessments and interventions. Research assistants were trained to conduct the assessments. A secured web‐based system was developed to store data and disseminate knowledge maintained in the registry. Children with CP were included in the registry if they have confirmed diagnosis of CP. The ascertainment age of inclusion and the minimum age of survival required are 4 years.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐seven children were registered between 2013 and 2015 (mean age is 3.6 ± 3.0 years). Forty‐two percent were born premature, and 48% were less than the normal birthweight. Perinatal causes were reported for 54% of the participants. The most common type of CP based on tone disturbance was spastic type, and the most common topographical distributions of motor dysfunction were quadriplegia followed by diplegia. Fifty‐six percent of the participants had severe limitation in ambulation; 48% had restricted manual abilities, and 47% had limited communication abilities even with familiar family members and partners.ConclusionsThe development of CPUP‐Jordan registry for children with CP proved to be both feasible and informative. The registry baseline descriptive data were similar to those reported in previous research in Jordan supporting validity of the data. The implementation of CPUP‐Jordan at national level is expected to have a positive impact on children with CP, clinicians, policymakers, and researchers.
The association between pediatric injury risks and parenting behaviours
Authors: Jaques M. L. , Weaver T. L. , Weaver N. L. , Willoughby L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundUnintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children ages 1–18 years. Many of these injuries to young children occur in their own homes. Although research has explored injury risk prevention strategies, historically, much of this research has focused on environmental changes and teaching safety practices. Currently, there appears to be a gap in current research exploring how parenting influences children's risk of injury.MethodsMothers (n = 119) of children 5 years and younger were recruited from a paediatric clinic as a part of a larger study and completed measures of parenting challenges, developmentally sensitive parenting, child neglect, parental efficacy, and risk of potential injury situations. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to explore the extent to which developmentally insensitive parenting behaviours put parents at higher risk for behaviours that lead to unintentional injury in children and whether developmentally sensitive parenting behaviours protects children from injury. The association between demographic characteristics and injury risk behaviours was also examined.ResultsParents who reported more frequent insensitive parenting behaviours (i.e., yelling, spanking, and putting child in time out) were more likely to report putting their child in an incorrect car seat or taking their child out of a car seat while the car is still moving. In addition, younger parents were at greater risk of storing cleaners and medications unsafely.ConclusionResults from this study highlight the importance of supporting younger mothers and educating parents on effective parenting strategies when trying to prevent unintentional injury risks.
Scaling Theory of Mind in a Small‐Scale Society: A Case Study From Vanuatu
Authors: Dixson Henry G. W. , Komugabe‐Dixson Aimée F. , Dixson Barnaby J. , Low Jason 
Published: October 2017

Although theory of mind (ToM) is argued to emerge between 3 and 5 years of age, data from non‐Western, small‐scale societies suggest diversity. Deeper investigations into these settings are warranted. In the current study, over 400 Melanesian children from Vanuatu (range = 3–14 years), growing up in either urban or rural remote environments, completed culturally tailored ToM batteries. Results show a marked delay in false belief (FB) performance, particularly among participants from rural villages. By further investigating a diverse range of concepts beyondFB, we illustrate two unique cultural sequences for a suite of mental state concepts among urban and rural ni‐Vanuatu children. Implications for social and cultural influences on the development of ToM are discussed.
Dentists’ opinions on using digital technologies in dental practice
Authors: van der Zande Marieke M. , Gorter Ronald C. , Bruers Josef J. M. , Aartman Irene H. A. , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate which opinions among dentists are associated with level of technology use, when characteristics of the dentist and dental practice, as well as motivating work aspects are taken into account.MethodsA total of 1000 general dental practitioners in the Netherlands received a questionnaire on digital technologies they use, opinions on using technologies and related motivating work aspects. Questions were derived from expert interviews, the Dentists’ Experienced Job Resources Scale and literature on technology implementation. Technology use was measured as the number of technologies used, and divided into three technology user groups: low (using 0‐4 technologies, mostly administrative and radiographic technologies), intermediate (using 5‐7, more varied technologies) and high technology users (using 8‐12, including more innovative diagnostic technologies). Opinions on technology use and motivating work aspects were analysed using principal components analysis (PCA) and exploratory factor analysis. Scores on all components and factors were calculated for each respondent by computing the mean of all valid responses on the underlying items. Differences in these scale scores on opinions among the technology user groups were assessed using one‐way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests. A multiple linear regression analysis assessed the association of scale scores about opinions on technology use with the sum of technologies used, taking into account motivating work aspects and characteristics of the dentist and dental practice.ResultsThe response rate was 31%. Dentists who were high technology users perceived technologies as yielding more improvements in quality of care, adding more value to the dental practice and being easier to use, than low technology users. High technology users thought technologies added more value to their work and they reported higher skills and resources. They also focused more on technologies and thought these are more ready to use than low technology users. High technology users derived more motivation from “Immediate results” and “Craftsmanship” than low technology users. Personal and practice characteristics, motivating work aspects, and the opinion scales “Focus” and “Added value to dentist” explained 50% of the variance in the number of technologies a dentist uses.ConclusionOpinions on digital technologies among dentists and motivating work aspects vary with level of technology use. Being more focused on technologies and perceiving a higher added value from using them are associated with using more digital dental technologies, when taking into account motivating work aspects and characteristics of the dentist and dental practice.