bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Mai 68 littéraire de François Maspero
Authors: Lefort-Favreau Julien 
Published: January 2018

Si l’importance des éditions François Maspero dans les champs politique et intellectuel a été bien démontrée par de nombreux travaux récents, son apport aux mutations survenues dans les politiques de la littérature autour de Mai 68 mérite d’être mis en lumière. Nous soumettons l’hypothèse que l’action de François Maspero en amont et en aval de 68 participe à une politisation du champ littéraire par l’articulation complexe entre théorie politique et création littéraire que l’on peut observer dans l’ensemble de son catalogue. Nous nous intéressons ici à quatre acceptions de la littérature qui circulent chez Maspero et qui incarnent les différentes facettes d’une inscription conflictuelle de la littérature dans l’espace social représentative de 68. Nous portons d’abord notre attention sur les préfaces que signe Jean-Paul Sartre de deux livres publiés par Maspero : Aden Arabie de Paul Nizan et Les damnés de la terre de Frantz Fanon. Nous analysons ensuite une série d’articles de Georges Perec qui paraît au début des années 1960 dans la revue Partisans. La troisième acception que nous observons est perceptible dans les collections consacrées à la création littéraire chez Maspero, notamment à la poésie en traduction. Finalement, notre analyse porte sur la collection « Théorie » dirigée par Louis Althusser et la réflexion qu’elle déploie sur les tensions entre art et idéologie. L’examen de ces quatre déclinaisons du littéraire montre que Maspero constitue le lieu privilégié d’une prise en charge de paroles subalternes provenant du Tiers-Monde, d’une critique virulente des prescriptions esthétiques du PCF et d’un éloignement des principes de la littérature engagée. Il annonce donc des transformations importantes de 1968 et les pérennise au fil des années 1970.
Atenuación pragmática: el caso de las condicionales
Authors: Chodorowska-Pilch Marianna 
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo estudia las estructuras condicionales cuya finalidad es atenuar la fuerza del contenido proposicional de determinados actos de habla. Su uso se debe a la percepción del hablante, quien sigue las normas de cortesía, establecidas por Lakoff (1973) y Brown y Levinson (1978, 1987), con el objetivo de mitigar la imposición de sus enunciados. El análisis de las grabaciones de una agencia de viajes en Valencia (España) indica que el significado atenuante de las condicionales o cuasi-condicionales se puede inferir solo en el contexto de las afirmaciones impositivas, explicaciones, preguntas, peticiones indirectas, sugerencias y ofertas.
Atenuación en textos informativos de prensa
Authors: Bouzas Rosende Paula 
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo se enmarca en el estudio de la atenuación y se centra en el análisis de este fenómeno en los textos informativos de prensa. El análisis, de carácter cualitativo y efectuado sobre un corpus de textos informativos procedentes de tres diarios españoles, atiende a los factores clave en el proceso de atenuación (los recursos atenuantes, los elementos causantes y los elementos atenuados), así como a las diversas funciones de atenuación detectadas. El análisis se basa fundamentalmente en las premisas formuladas por Caffi (2007), Albelda y Briz (2013) y Albelda y otros (2014). El objetivo concreto del trabajo es ofrecer una descripción sistematizada de las operaciones atenuantes registradas.
Some effects of emphatic particles on Akan evidentials
Authors: Sakyi Joana Portia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:
Akan is one of the many languages which uses lexical verbs and verbal constructions to express evidentiality. In this paper, we discuss four verbs used as both evidential and non-evidential forms. Further, we discuss focusing strategies and the use of emphatic particles (EMPH) to support focused constituents. Our aim is to determine whether emphatic particles have any influence on evidential constructions containing them. It is observed that when the source of information – the entity from whom knowledge is emanating is focused, different degrees of attenuation/accentuation is demonstrated depending on the pragmatically derived information associated with the EMPH. Although in normal conversations these particles add emphasis to focused constituents they are associated with, we note in this study that when certain emphatic particles are used in constructions containing evidential verbs, they not only give emphasis but also they become pointers of face threatening mechanisms - (im)politeness depending on the interpersonal relationship existing between the interlocutors. Analysis in this study forms part of a bigger study on modality and evidentiality in Akan, based on self-created corpus from Akan literature, radio discussions, observation and constructed examples from researcher’s native competence.
Use of a Short Version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wood Tyler A. , Wajda Douglas A. , Sosnoff Jacob J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that results in balance and mobility impairments that are associated with elevated fall risk. One common patient-reported outcome measure of balance is the 16-item Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. The ABC scale is valid and reliable in assessing balance confidence in people with MS. However, a shorter, six-question version of the ABC scale, the ABC-6 scale, has been proposed to save time in a clinical setting. Thus, we assessed the convergent validity and internal consistency reliability of the ABC-6 scale in people with MS.

Methods:
A total of 221 participants were included in this secondary analysis to compare the ABC-6 scale with the ABC scale. Convergent validity and internal consistency reliability were applied to participants based on fall history and physiological fall risk.

Results:
Statistical analysis indicated a main effect of group of the ABC and ABC-6 scales (P &lt; .001). Both scales showed good to very good internal consistency (Cronbach α range, 0.832–0.975) and good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient score range, 0.888–0.941). Furthermore, both versions had moderate convergent validity. Sensitivity ranged from 30% to 97%, and specificity ranged from 64% to 100% across groups tested.

Conclusions:
The ABC and ABC-6 scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and moderate convergent validity in predicting balance confidence in people with MS. However, poor sensitivity of both versions in distinguishing between MS groups at risk for falls may call into question the usefulness of this self-report measure.
Metacommunity analysis of meiobenthos of deep-sediments from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Cisterna-Céliz José Alejandro , Marcelino-Barros Mirayana , Rocha-Olivares Axayacatl 
Published: January 2018

Background Metacommunity theory is a conceptual framework addressing the interdependence of local interactions and regional processes, especially when communities have no clear boundaries and it is difficult to relate community structure and the environment at different spatial scales.
Methods To test the applicability of this theory to meiobenthos, twenty-seven deep-sea sediment samples from the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed for meiobenthic and nematode community distribution and structure along with a set of environmental variables.
Results Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions were found among sampling stations; and some variables, such as depth, inorganic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio, oxygen and percentage of sand, proved influential on total community abundance. Nematodes were the dominant meiofaunal group and its abundance highly variable among sites and sampling periods. Nematofauna was dominated by bacterivory, which also possessed the highest maturity index. Environmental characteristics showed a significant relation with community structure, not so the dispersal of nematode genera.
Discussion In light of our findings we posit that the deep-sea meiobenthos of the Gulf of Mexico may represent a metacommunity following the “species sorting model”. This inference is based on the different taxonomic structures among sampling stations correlating with environmental differences, in the presence of local niche diversification and limited dispersal.
Isolation and culture of primary adult skin fibroblasts from the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Siengdee Puntita , Klinhom Sarisa , Thitaram Chatchote , Nganvongpanit Korakot 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundPrimary cultures from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) allow scientists to obtain representative cells that have conserved most of their original characteristics, function, physiology and biochemistry. This technique has thus gained significant importance as a foundation for further cellular, cell biology and molecular research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe conditions for the successful establishment of primary adult fibroblasts from Asian elephant carcasses.MethodsEar tissue sample collection from Asian elephant carcasses and our recommendations are given. We describe here a simple modified protocol for successful isolation and maintenance of primary adult fibroblasts from elephant ear skin. Ear samples from each individual (five 3 × 3 cm2pieces) were brought to the laboratory within 3 h after collection, kept in transportation medium at 0–4 °C. The ear tissues were prepared by a combination of 10% collagenase type II digestion procedure together with a simple explant procedure. Primary fibroblasts were cultured at 37 °C in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS) in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. After the third passage, fibroblasts were routinely trypsinized with 0.25% trypsin/EDTA and cultured in DMEM with 10% FCS at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Traditional cell counting method was used to measure cell viability and growth curve. Long-term storage of cells used freezing medium consisting of 40% FCS (v/v).ResultsWe explored the most suitable conditions during sample collection (post-mortem storage time and sample storage temperature), which is the most important step in determining primary outgrowth. Our study successfully established and cultured primary adult skin fibroblasts obtained from post-mortemE. maximusear skin tissues from six carcasses, with a success rate of around 83.3%. Outgrowth could be seen 4–12 days after explantation, and epithelial-like cells were found after 4–7 days of culture, while fibroblasts appeared at around day 7–10. The fibroblasts had viability and post-freezing recovery rates of around 97.3 ± 4.3% and 95.5 ± 7.3%, respectively, and doubling time was about 25 h (passage 6).DiscussionTo our knowledge, this report is the first to describe primary cell cultures derived from adult Asian elephant skin. Future studies should benefit from the information and useful suggestions herein, which may be used as a standard method for establishing primary skin fibroblast cultures in future experiments.
A small‐molecule PAI‐1 inhibitor prevents bone loss by stimulating bone formation in a murine estrogen deficiency‐induced osteoporosis model
Authors: Jin Guangwen , Aobulikasimu Alkebaier , Piao Jinying , Aibibula Zulipiya , Koga Daisuke , Sato Shingo , Ochi Hiroki , Tsuji Kunikazu , Nakabayashi Tetsuo , Miyata Toshio , Okawa Atsushi , Asou Yoshinori 
Published: January 2018

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Recently, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) was shown to play an important role in bone metabolism using PAI‐1‐deficient mice. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of novel, orally available small‐molecule PAI‐1 inhibitor (iPAI‐1) in an estrogen deficiency‐induced osteoporosis model. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J female mice were divided into three groups: a sham + vehicle (Sham), ovariectomy + vehicle (OVX + v), and OVX + iPAI‐1 (OVX + i) group. iPAI‐1 was administered orally each day for 6 weeks starting the day after the operation. Six weeks of iPAI‐1 treatment prevented OVX‐induced trabecular bone loss in both the femoral bone and lumbar spine. Bone formation activity was significantly higher in the OVX + i group than in the OVX + v and Sham groups. Unexpectedly, OVX‐induced osteoclastogenesis was partially, but significantly reduced. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analyses indicated that the number of bone marrow stromal cells was higher in the OVX + i group than that in the OVX + v group. A colony‐forming unit‐osteoblast assay indicated enhanced mineralized nodule formation activity in bone marrow cells isolated from iPAI‐1‐treated animals. Bone marrow ablation analysis indicated that the remodeled trabecular bone volume was significantly higher in the iPAI‐1‐treated group than that in the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest PAI‐1 blockade via a small‐molecule inhibitor is a new therapeutic approach for the anabolic treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Clinicopathological and 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT correlations in patients with dementia
Authors: Jung Youngsin , Jordan Lennon G. , Lowe Val J. , Kantarci Kejal , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Murray Melissa E. , Reichard Ross R. , Ferman Tanis J. , Jones David T. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Savica Rodolfo , Machulda Mary M. , Fields Julie A. , Allen Laura A. , Drubach Daniel A. , St. Louis Erik K. , Silber Michael H. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Boeve Bradley F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe relationship between clinicopathologic diagnosis and 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT in 18 patients with dementia (12 with Lewy body disease) from one center in the United States was assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT with reduced striatal uptake on visual inspection for predicting Lewy body disease were 91.7% and 83.3%, respectively. The mean calculated putamen to occipital ratio (mPOR) based on regions of interest was significantly reduced in Lewy body disease compared to non‐Lewy body disease cases (P = 0.002). In this study, abnormal 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT was strongly associated with underlying Lewy body disease pathology, supporting the utility of 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT in the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.
Co‐thought gestures in children's mental problem solving: Prevalence and effects on subsequent performance
Authors: Pouw Wim , van Gog Tamara , Zwaan Rolf A. , Agostinho Shirley , Paas Fred 
Published: January 2018

SummaryCo‐thought gestures are understudied as compared to co‐speech gestures yet, may provide insight into cognitive functions of gestures that are independent of speech processes. A recent study with adults showed that co‐thought gesticulation occurred spontaneously during mental preparation of problem solving. Moreover, co‐thought gesturing (either spontaneous or instructed) during mental preparation was effective for subsequent solving of the Tower of Hanoi under conditions of high cognitive load (i.e., when visual working memory capacity was limited and when the task was more difficult). In this preregistered study (https://osf.io/dreks/), we investigated whether co‐thought gestures would also spontaneously occur and would aid problem‐solving processes in children (N = 74; 8–12 years old) under high load conditions. Although children also spontaneously used co‐thought gestures during mental problem solving, this did not aid their subsequent performance when physically solving the problem. If these null results are on track, co‐thought gesture effects may be different in adults and children.
Using unexpected questions to elicit information and cues to deceit in interpreter‐based interviews
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Mann Samantha , Fisher Ronald P. , Dalton Gary , Jo Eunkyung , Shaboltas Alla , Khaleeva Maria , Granskaya Juliana , Houston Kate 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe examined whether speech‐related differences between truth tellers and liars are more profound when answering unexpected questions than when answering expected questions. We also examined whether the presence of an interpreter affected these results. In the experiment, 204 participants from the United States (Hispanic participants only), Russia, and the Republic of Korea were interviewed in their native language by a native‐speaking interviewer or by a British interviewer through an interpreter. Truth tellers discussed a trip that they had made during the last 12 months; liars fabricated a story about such a trip. The key dependent variables were the amount of information provided and the proportion of all statements that were complications. The proportion of complications distinguished truth tellers from liars better when answering unexpected than expected questions, but only in interpreter‐absent interviews. The number of details provided did not differ between truth tellers and liars or between interpreter‐absent and interpreter‐present interviews.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Narrow Bandgap Cobalt Carbide Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Nanocage for Superior Photo‐Electrochemical Water Oxidation Performance
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhou Shujie , Zhang Luyuan , Yin Longwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite recent progress in photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water oxidation systems for TiO2‐based photoanodes, PEC performance improvement is still seriously hampered due to poor carrier transport efficiency and sluggish surface water oxidation kinetics of pristine TiO2. Herein, for the first time a brand new metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived Co3C nanosheet with narrow bandgap energy is demonstrated, to effectively sensitize TiO2 hollow cages as a heterostructure photoanode for PEC water oxidation. It is found that MOF‐derived Co3C nanosheet with narrow bandgap characteristic can simultaneously accelerate the surface water oxidation kinetics and extend the light harvesting range of pristine TiO2. Meanwhile, a uniquely matched type‐II heterojunction constructed between MOF‐derived Co3C and TiO2 results in an evidently spontaneous e−/h+ separation. MOF‐derived Co3C/TiO2 heterostructure photoanodes bring about drastically improved PEC water oxidation performance. Specifically, MOF‐derived Co3C‐3/TiO2 photoanode with an optimized content of Co3C achieves the highest photocurrent density and charge separation efficiency of 2.6 mA cm−2 and 92.6% at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding to 201% and 152% improvement compared with pristine TiO2 nanocages. The ingeniously prepared MOF‐derived Co3C carbide with narrow bandgap energy as a cocatalyst paves new way to construct potentially high performance solar‐energy conversion system.
Thermal‐Responsive Polymers for Enhancing Safety of Electrochemical Storage Devices
Authors: Yang Hui , Leow Wan Ru , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThermal runway constitutes the most pressing safety issue in lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors of large‐scale and high‐power density due to risks of fire or explosion. However, traditional strategies for averting thermal runaway do not enable the charging–discharging rate to change according to temperature or the original performance to resume when the device is cooled to room temperature. To efficiently control thermal runaway, thermal‐responsive polymers provide a feasible and reversible strategy due to their ability to sense and subsequently act according to a predetermined sequence when triggered by heat. Herein, recent research progress on the use of thermal‐responsive polymers to enhance the thermal safety of electrochemical storage devices is reviewed. First, a brief discussion is provided on the methods of preventing thermal runaway in electrochemical storage devices. Subsequently, a short review is provided on the different types of thermal‐responsive polymers that can efficiently avoid thermal runaway, such as phase change polymers, polymers with sol–gel transitions, and polymers with positive temperature coefficients. The results represent the important development of thermal‐responsive polymers toward the prevention of thermal runaway in next‐generation smart electrochemical storage devices.
Defect Effects on TiO2 Nanosheets: Stabilizing Single Atomic Site Au and Promoting Catalytic Properties
Authors: Wan Jiawei , Chen Wenxing , Jia Chuanyi , Zheng Lirong , Dong Juncai , Zheng Xusheng , Wang Yu , Yan Wensheng , Chen Chen , Peng Qing , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIsolated single atomic site catalysts have attracted great interest due to their remarkable catalytic properties. Because of their high surface energy, single atoms are highly mobile and tend to form aggregate during synthetic and catalytic processes. Therefore, it is a significant challenge to fabricate isolated single atomic site catalysts with good stability. Herein, a gentle method to stabilize single atomic site metal by constructing defects on the surface of supports is presented. As a proof of concept, single atomic site Au supported on defective TiO2 nanosheets is prepared and it is discovered that (1) the surface defects on TiO2 nanosheets can effectively stabilize Au single atomic sites through forming the Ti–Au–Ti structure; and (2) the Ti–Au–Ti structure can also promote the catalytic properties through reducing the energy barrier and relieving the competitive adsorption on isolated Au atomic sites. It is believed that this work paves a way to design stable and active single atomic site catalysts on oxide supports.
Synergism of Geometric Construction and Electronic Regulation: 3D Se‐(NiCo)Sx/(OH)x Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Hu Congling , Zhang Lei , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Li Ang , Chang Xiaoxia , Gong Jinlong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe exploration of highly efficient electrocatalysts for both oxygen and hydrogen generation via water splitting is receiving considerable attention in recent decades. Up till now, Pt‐based catalysts still exhibit the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and Ir/Ru‐based oxides are identified as the benchmark for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the high cost and rarity of these materials extremely hinder their large‐scale applications. This paper describes the construction of the ultrathin defect‐enriched 3D Se‐(NiCo)Sx/(OH)x nanosheets for overall water splitting through a facile Se‐induced hydrothermal treatment. Via Se‐induced fabrication, highly efficient Se‐(NiCo)Sx/(OH)x nanosheets are successfully fabricated through morphology optimization, defect engineering, and electronic structure tailoring. The as‐prepared hybrids exhibit relatively low overpotentials of 155 and 103 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively. Moreover, an overall water‐splitting device delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for ≈66 h without obvious degradation.