bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibodies in Different Vaccine Platforms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of COVID‐19 Vaccine Clinical Trial Studies
Authors: Mirzakhani Mohammad , Bayat Maryam , Dashti Mohammadreza , Tahmasebi Safa , Rostamtabar Maryam , Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Hadi , Amani Jafar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic spread rapidly throughout the world and caused millions of deaths globally. Several vaccines have been developed to control the COVID‐19 pandemic and reduce the burden it placed on public health. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different vaccine platforms in inducing potent antibody responses. Moreover, the seroconversion rate and common side effects of vaccine platforms were evaluated.MethodsThis meta‐analysis included clinical trials of COVID‐19 vaccines that met the eligibility criteria. Electronic databases (including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Google Scholar search engine were searched for eligible studies. Regarding the methodological heterogeneity between the included studies, we selected a random‐effects model. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) was chosen as the effect size for this meta‐analysis.ResultsOf the 1838 records identified through screening and after removing duplicate records, the full texts of 1076 records were assessed for eligibility. After the full‐text assessment, 56 records were eligible and included in the study. Overall, vaccinated participants had a 150.8‐fold increased rate of anti‐spike IgG titres compared with the placebo group (GMR = 150.8; 95% CI, 95.9–237.1; I2 = 100%). Moreover, vaccinated participants had a 37.3‐fold increased rate of neutralising antibody titres compared with the placebo group (GMR = 37.3; 95% CI, 28.5–48.7; I2 = 99%). The mRNA platform showed a higher rate of anti‐spike IgG (GMR = 1263.5; 95% CI, 431.1–3702.8; I2 = 99%), while neutralising antibody titres were higher in the subunit platform (GMR = 53.4; 95% CI, 32.8–87.1; I2 = 99%) than in other platforms. Different vaccine platforms showed different rates of both anti‐spike IgG and neutralising antibody titres with interesting results. The seroconversion rate of anti‐spike IgG and neutralising antibody titres was more than 98% in the vaccinated participants.ConclusionInactivated and subunit vaccines produced a high percentage of neutralising antibodies and had a low common adverse reaction rate compared to other platforms. In this regard, subunit and inactivated vaccines can still be used as the main vaccine platforms for effectively controlling infections with high transmission rates.
A stabilizing reinforcement learning approach for sampled systems with partially unknown models
Authors: Beckenbach Lukas , Osinenko Pavel , Streif Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReinforcement learning is commonly associated with training of reward‐maximizing (or cost‐minimizing) agents, in other words, controllers. It can be applied in model‐free or model‐based fashion, using a priori or online collected system data to train involved parametric architectures. In general, online reinforcement learning does not guarantee closed loop stability unless special measures are taken, for instance, through learning constraints or tailored training rules. Particularly promising are hybrids of reinforcement learning with classical control approaches. In this work, we suggest a method to guarantee practical stability of the system‐controller closed loop in a purely online learning setting, in other words, without offline training. Moreover, we assume only partial knowledge of the system model. To achieve the claimed results, we employ techniques of classical adaptive control. The implementation of the overall control scheme is provided explicitly in a digital, sampled setting. That is, the controller receives the state of the system and computes the control action at discrete, specifically, equidistant moments in time. The method is tested in adaptive traction control and cruise control where it proved to significantly reduce the cost.
Adaptive switching control of full state constrained nonlinear systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Jiang Wanyue , Wen Guoxing , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, an adaptive switching controller is designed for the stabilization control and the tracking control of nonlinear systems suffering from full state constraints, unknown control directions, and system uncertainties. Featured with changing signs and unbounded increasing magnitudes, a switching control structure is proposed to deal with the unknown control direction problem. In order to explore and finally fix the correct control direction, an adaptive switching rule, a switching function, and a reference function are constructed. An integral Lyapunov function is adopted for the design of the control law, which ensures that full state constraints will not be violated. Using this method, the nonlinear system can be properly controlled without extra estimations or approximations. The boundedness of all the states and the stability of the system are analyzed and guaranteed. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the proposed method, and the results illustrate its effectiveness.
Decoupling of environmental impacts in the iron and steel sector is still needed beyond emissions
Authors: Li Chaohui , Pradhan Prajal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe iron and steel (IAS) sector forms a critical foundation of the global economy, and the successful eco‐economic decoupling of this sector has been a focus of academic inquiry. However, existing literature in decoupling analysis often adopts a “carbon tunnel vision,” that is, concentrating on carbon alone while neglecting a broader array of environmental consequences. Here, we conduct multi‐footprint accounting for the IAS sector from 2000 to 2022 for carbon, energy, water, and particulate matter dimensions, examining decoupling patterns across different regions and various footprint types. Contrary to existing literature showing the successful decoupling of the IAS sector's environmental impact with economic growth, our study highlights that the decoupling trend is only observed in carbon footprints. We find that the carbon intensity has experienced a substantial decrease in the post‐2016 period, effectively counterbalancing the growth induced by increased demand. Such a pattern is unobserved for other footprint types. This suggests that while carbon has decoupled, other environmental impacts, such as water use and particulate matter, remain closely linked to the economic activity in this sector. These findings highlight a need for achieving sustainability on a diverse scale beyond decarbonizing the IAS sector. A shift away from the “carbon tunnel vision” in scholarly inquiry and public attention is essential, as it may hinder achieving diverse sustainability goals.
Computational Studies of Novel Aniline Pyrimidine WDR5‐MLL1 Inhibitors: QSAR, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Guo Li Yuan , Wang Chun Ying , Tong Jian Bo , Li Peng , Gao Peng , Liu Yuan , Zhang Ya Kun , Chang Ze Lei , Xing Xiao Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWD repeat‐containing protein 5 (WDR5) and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) are critical for maintaining tumorigenesis in human cancers. Disruption of the MLL1–WDR5 interaction has been viewed as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia. Here, we report a series of protein–protein binding interaction modes targeting MLL1‐WDR5 inhibitors using 3D‐QSAR, and molecular docking. CoMFA with q2 = 0.724, r2 = 0.957, rpred2 = 0.874 and CoMSIA with q2 = 0.826, r2 = 0.995, rpred2 = 0.827. Topomer CoMFA results show q2 = 0.807, r2 = 0.976, rpred2 = 0.789, and HQSAR results show q2 = 0.873, r2 = 0.982, rpred2 = 0.794. The 3D‐QSAR model with high validation and prediction performance is successfully constructed. Contour maps and molecular docking results according to the four models, 26 new compounds are finally designed on the computer after molecular screening. Further molecular dynamics simulations (MD) of compounds G01, G04, G09, G43, and G44 with high predicted activity are carried out to explore their possible binding modes. ILE305, PHE133, CYS261, and ALA176 are found to play crucial roles in stabilizing the inhibitor. ADMET predictions are also performed for these 26 new compounds. These results serve as references for the design of effective WDR5‐MLL1 inhibitors in the future.
Influence of Different Dissolved Gases on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Sensing Performance at Cu‐Modified Au Electrode
Authors: Islam Motasim B. , Hossain Mohammad Imran , Hosen Nazmul , Rahaman Mostafizur , Singha Nayan Ranjan , Aoki Kentaro , Nagao Yuki , Hasnat Mohammad A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NRR) on a Cu/Au electrode surface in a neutral pH potassium chloride (KCl) environment saturated with nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, three of the most abundant atmospheric gases. The electrode was characterized using OCP, EIS, SEM, EDX, XPS, and XRD to assess its electrochemical properties, catalytic feasibility, and surface morphology. Results indicated that nitrate ions undergo a consecutive reduction process (
→
→
) on the Cu/Au electrode. O2 saturated environment impeded the NRR process through O2 adsorption on the electrode surface prior to the
→
conversion. In contrast, CO2 saturated condition enhanced the reaction by neutralizing the NRR byproduct
ions, thus accelerating the overall NRR kinetics. Under CO2 environment the NRR process was found more facile compared to that of other two gases. NRR took place at a peak potential of −0.71 V and −1.06 V for the first and second reduction wave, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that the reduction reactions in presence of CO2 followed first‐order, diffusion‐limited kinetics. The Cu/Au electrode exhibited high sensitivity (3.49×10−1 μA μM−1) with an LOD of 0.46 μM for nitrate detection, and finally demonstrated excellent performance in real sample analysis.
Facile Synthesis of a Reusable MoS2 Aerogel for Efficient HCl Gas Absorption
Authors: Kayal Abir , Mondal Avijit , Subramanian Selvakumar , De Mrinmoy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolid rocket motors (SRMs), frequently used as primary boosters in rockets, employ ammonium perchlorate as the oxidizer and aluminum powder as the fuel. Upon combustion, the exhaust products from composite propellants primarily include hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), aluminum oxide, and hydrogen (H2). About 95% of the ammonium perchlorate undergoes conversion to HCl, constituting nearly 20% of the combustion product by weight, significantly contributing to air pollution. To address this environmental concern, we have developed a reusable MoS2 aerogel specifically engineered for absorbing HCl gas. The fabrication process is straightforward and cost‐effective, utilizing nontoxic reagents and standard equipment, enhancing its practicality. Characterization of the aerogel was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The aerogel demonstrated a high absorptive capacity, achieving 65.88% absorption efficiency for HCl gas, which is noteworthy. Moreover, the aerogel samples exhibited exceptional recyclability over five cycles, highlighting their suitability for applications requiring HCl gas absorption. This research lays the foundation for advancing and scaling up innovative nanomaterial‐based aerogels, offering versatile solutions for a wide range of contemporary applications.
Phosphomolybdic Acid‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,2,5,6‐Tetrahydropyridine Derivatives
Authors: Palermo Valeria , Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Macías Mario A. , Martínez José J. , Langer Peter , Romanelli Gustavo P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis of alkyl 1,2,6‐triaryl‐4‐arylaminopiperidine‐3‐ene‐3‐carboxylates in acceptable yields (42%–71%) and high trans‐diastereoselectivity (69:31 to 100:0) through a one‐pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines, and β‐ketoesters catalyzed by phosphomolybdic acid in methanol at room temperature. The structure and stereochemistry of tetrahydropyridines were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. This protocol stands out for its operational simplicity, the use of an inexpensive and commercially available heteropolyacid catalyst, low catalyst loading, and purification via simple filtration, resulting in acceptable yields and high diastereoselectivity.
Enhanced Anti‐Cancer Efficacy of Hesperidin through Smart Polymeric Nanoparticles Targeting Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yıldırım Metin , Acet Ömür , Önal Acet Burcu , Karakoç Veyis , Odabaşı Mehmet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rapid progress of various nanotechnology tools is currently being utilized in the management of several fatal illnesses, including cancer. Nanopolymers that encapsulate anti‐cancer medication present a highly encouraging substitute to traditional therapies, primarily because of their specific targeting and accurate functionality, making them suitable for a variety of uses. Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) is a non‐toxic polymer derived from the monomer HEMA, which is known for its toxicity. It can be combined with various other polymers and is associated with minimal immune response. The objective of the current investigation is to produce smart polymeric nanoparticles that are responsive to changes in pH and temperature, and capable of encapsulating hesperidin. These hesperidin‐loaded poly(2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐isopropylacrylamide‐Vinyl imidazole) nanoparticles, referred to as HesSNPs, aim to enhance the bioavailability of hesperidin and augment its therapeutic effectiveness in combating prostate cancer. N‐isopropylacrylamide and Vinyl imidazole were employed as monomers sensitive to temperature and pH, respectively. Nanopolymers that were synthesized underwent characterization through dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze particle size and charge, surface morphology, and functional group determinations, respectively. HesSNPs decreased cell viability of DU‐145 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis is the main mechanism underlying cell death after HesSNPs treatment.
Self‐Polymerized Tough and High‐Entanglement Zwitterionic Functional Hydrogels
Authors: Wei Luxing , Yang Yang , Qiu Xiaoyong , Shen Jian , Zhao Yiming , Zhang Xiaolai , Hu Baohua , Yang Teng , Fu Haichao , Chen Shuai , Huang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZwitterionic hydrogels exhibit great potential in biomedical applications due to their antifouling properties and biocompatibility. However, the single‐network structure of pure zwitterionic hydrogels leads to a low toughness and strength, limiting their application in biomedical fields. In this work, a high entanglement sulfobetaine methacrylate‐dopamine hydrogel (SBMA‐DA‐PE) with low cross‐linker content and high monomer concentration is prepared by using a dopamine oxidative radical polymerization method. Compared to a regular zwitterionic hydrogel, the SBMA‐DA‐PE hydrogel exhibits a 5‐fold increase in tensile fracture stress and a 10‐fold increase in compressive fracture stress. The SBMA‐DA‐PE hydrogel possesses excellent mechanical properties (the maximum compressive stress ≥4.85 MPa, the maximum compressive strain ≥90%). Besides, the non‐covalent interactions between catechol or ortho‐quinones within the SBMA‐DA‐PE hydrogel, combined with strong intermolecular electrostatic interactions, endow the SBMA‐DA‐PE hydrogel with great self‐healing capabilities and fatigue resistance. The SBMA‐DA‐PE hydrogel demonstrates low swellability and possesses good antifouling properties. Furthermore, the good printability and conductivity of the tough SBMA‐DA‐PE hydrogel endows it with new possibilities for developing biological 3D scaffolds and electronic devices. Overall, this work provides new insights into the preparation of zwitterionic hydrogels with high mechanical strength and multi‐functionality for biomedical applications.
Boosting the Production of Hydrogen from an Overall Urea Splitting Reaction Using a Tri‐Functional Scandium–Cobalt Electrocatalyst
Authors: Tamilarasi S , Kumar Ramasamy Santhosh , Kim Ae Rhan , Kim Hyun Jin , Yoo Dong Jin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe creation of highly efficient and economical electrocatalysts is essential to the massive electrolysis of water to produce clean energy. The ability to use urea reaction of oxidation (UOR) in place of the oxygen/hydrogen evolution process (OER/HER) during water splitting is a significant step toward the production of high‐purity hydrogen with less energy usage. Empirical evidence suggests that the UOR process consists of two stages. First, the metal sites undergo an electrochemical pre‐oxidation reaction, and then the urea molecules on the high‐valence metal sites are chemically oxidized. Here, the use of scandium‐doped CoTe supported on carbon nanotubes called Sc@CoTe/CNT is reported and CoTe/CNT as a composite to efficiently promote hydrogen generation from highly durable and active electrocatalysts for the OER/UOR/HER in urea and alkali solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that the UOR facilitates charge transfer across the interface. Furthermore, the Sc@CoTe/CNT nanocatalyst has high performance in KOH and KOH‐containing urea solutions as demonstrated by the HER, OER, and UOR (215 mV, 1.59, and 1.31 V, respectively, at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH) and CoTe/CNT shows 195 mV, 1.61 and 1.3 V, respectively. Consequently, the total urea splitting system achieves 1.29 V, whereas the overall water splitting device obtaines 1.49 V of Sc@CoTe/CNT and CoTe/CNT shows 1.54, 1.48 V, respectively. This work presents a viable method of combining HER with UOR for maximally effective hydrogen production.
Supervision: A Tool for Good Health and Well-Being
Authors: Bårdsgjerde Elise Kvalsund , Landstad Bodil J. , Hole Torstein , Kvangarsnes Marit , Dahl Berit Misund 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents supervision with the intention of strengthening good health and well-being. Supervision strategies for patients and service users and in groups amongst health professionals are described. Supervision aims to make individuals and organisations aware of the knowledge, experiences, and values underpinning their practice. This will enable them to become aware of their practical theory and increase the possibilities for change and development. Health-literate people and organisations are important for sustainable health services and in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Supervision is a tool for healthcare professionals to empower individuals and organisations for lifelong learning, as it enables people’s engagement in health promotion and treatment. Supervision is a valuable strategy for reaching the SDGs Good health and well-being (3) and Quality education (4).
Sexualaufklärung für Jugendliche und Erwachsene – Max Hodann (1894–1946) in Aktion
Authors: Mildenberger Florian , Hansson Nils , Bergkvist Göran , Moll Friedrich H. 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungBis in die 1970er-Jahre hinein tobte in Deutschland ein Kulturkampf über die Frage der Sinnhaftigkeit einer sexuellen Aufklärung der Jugend. Doch ein Arzt erkannte frühzeitig, dass es mehr Sinn machen würde, auch die Erwachsenen über ihren Körper und seine genitalen Leiden aufzuklären. Damit spülte Max Hodann (1894–1946) während der Weimarer Republik ungewollt zahllose Patienten in die Praxen der „neuen Fachärzte“.
MTX Osteopathy Versus Osteoporosis Including Response to Treatment Data—A Retrospective Single Center Study Including 172 Patients
Authors: von Brackel Felix N. , Grambeck Jonathan , Barvencik Florian , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMTX is an effective and widely used immunomodulatory drug for rheumatoid diseases. MTX osteopathy is a very rare and specific side effect, characterized by stress fractures at multiple locations in the lower extremity, hampering the patient’s mobility by pain and loss of function. In clinical practice, osteoporosis and MTX osteopathy are repeatedly confused and a comparative workup is needed to clarity it’s specifics. Furthermore, specific treatment options for MTX osteopathy need to be established. We compared patients suffering from MTX osteopathy to patients with osteoporosis (OPO). Patients underwent an extensive clinical workup including blood sampling, bone mineral density measurements, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and muscular performance testing. Furthermore, treatment regimes in MTX osteopathy were compared with respect to regain of mobility and pain reduction. 83 patients with MTX osteopathy and 89 with OPO were included. Patients with MTX osteopathy did exhibit fractures predominantly at the lower extremity and pain scores were significantly higher (MTX: 6.75 ± 1.86 vs. OPO: 3.62 ± 2.95, p < 0.0001). MTX-caused mobility restriction was successfully reduced by treatment only if MTX was discontinued (pre-treatment: 2.16 ± 1.19 vs. post-treatment: 1.04 ± 0.87, p < 0.0001). Most mobility gain was achieved by involving anabolic treatment (anabolic: 2.1 ± 1.02 vs. antiresorptive: 1.09 ± 0.94, p < 0.05). In summary, MTX osteopathy is characterized by distinct lower extremity stress fractures leading to severe pain and immobility. Discontinuation of MTX is essential to enable treatment success and involving anabolic treatment seems to be more effectively in mobility regain as antiresorptive treatment alone.
Preventing OsteoPorosis in Spinal Cord Injury (POPSCI) Study—Early Zoledronic Acid Infusion in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kumar Shejil , Doyle Jean , Wood Cameron , Heriseanu Roxana , Weber Gerard , Nier Lianne , Middleton James W. , March Lyn , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J. , Girgis Christian M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccelerated sub-lesional bone loss is common in the first 2–3 years after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), particularly in the distal femur and proximal tibia. Few studies have explored efficacy of antiresorptives for acute bone loss prevention post-TSCI, with limited data for knee bone mineral density (BMD) or beyond two years follow-up. An open-label non-randomized study was performed at Royal North Shore Hospital and Royal Rehab Centre, Sydney between 2018 and 2023. An ‘acute interventional cohort’ (n = 11) with TSCI (duration ≤ 12-weeks) received a single infusion of 4 mg zoledronic acid (ZOL) at baseline. A ‘chronic non-interventional cohort’ (n = 9) with TSCI (duration 1–5-years) did not receive ZOL. All participants underwent baseline and 6-monthly blood tests (including CTx and P1NP) and 12-monthly DXA BMD scans (including distal femur and proximal tibia). Participants were predominantly Caucasian and male (mean age 38.4 years). At baseline, the ‘acute’ cohort had higher serum CTx, P1NP and sclerostin concentrations, while the ‘chronic’ cohort had lower left hip and knee BMD. Majority with acute TSCI experienced an acute phase reaction after ZOL (9/11; 82%). In the acute cohort, left hip BMD fell by mean ~ 15% by 48 months. Left distal femoral and proximal tibial BMD declined by mean ~ 6–13% at 12 months and ~ 20–23% at 48 months, with a tendency towards greater BMD loss in motor-complete TSCI. A single early ZOL infusion in acute TSCI could not attenuate rapidly declining hip and knee BMD. Prospective controlled studies are required to establish the optimal strategy for preventing early bone loss after acute TSCI.