bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae)
Authors: Sánchez Nuria , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Pardos Fernando , Sørensen Martin V. , Martínez Alejandro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKinorhyncha is a group of benthic, microscopic animals distributed worldwide in marine sediments. The phylum is divided into two classes, Cyclorhagida and Allomalorhagida, congruent with the two major clades recovered in recent phylogenetic analyses. Allomalorhagida accommodates more than one‐third of the described species, most of them assigned to the family Pycnophyidae. All previous phylogenetic analyses of the phylum recovered the two genera within Pycnophyidae, Pycnophyes and Kinorhynchus, as paraphyletic and polyphyletic. A major problem in these studies was the lack of molecular data of most pycnophyids, due to the limited and highly localized distribution of most species, often in the Arctic and the deep‐sea. We here overcame the problem by adding a morphological partition with data for 79 Pycnophyidae species, 15 of them also represented by molecular data. Model‐based analyses yielded seven clades, which each was supported by several morphological apomorphies. Accordingly, Kinorhynchus is synonymized with Pycnophyes and six new genera are described for the remaining recovered clades: Leiocanthus gen. nov., Cristaphyes gen. nov., Higginsium gen. nov., Krakenella gen. nov., Setaphyes gen. nov. and Fujuriphyes gen. nov.
Influence of immediate/delayed implant placement and implant platform on the peri‐implant bone formation
Authors: Passoni Bernardo B. , Marques de Castro Daniel S. , de Araújo Maria Angelica R. , de Araújo Carlos d. R. P. , Piatelli Adriano , Benfatti César A. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo determinate the influence of the timing and position of the implant placement, as well as the presence and absence of a buccal gap, associated with different implant platforms on bone formation around implants.Methods and materialsIn a first surgical stage, two premolars in one side of the mandibular arch of 07 mongrel dogs were extracted. After a 120‐day healing period, a second‐stage surgery was performed, in which a full flap was raised and two implants were installed. At this same stage, two contralateral premolars were extracted and two immediate implants were placed into the fresh sockets, through the “palatal approach technique” without flap elevation, totaling four implants per animal. The 28 installed implants constituted groups according to the timing (Immediate or delayed) of placement and the type of surface treatment. After 4 months, samples were collected and histomorphometric analysis was performed to determinate buccal surface BIC, lingual surface BIC, total BIC, buccal area, and lingual area of all implants. Kruskal–Wallis and pared Wilcoxon (P < 0.05) tests were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter 4‐month healing period, the groups of immediate implants presented better BIC scores, mainly on the buccal surface. Data also suggest better bone area formation around the implants of these same groups. Concerning the type of implant platform, better results were found using Morse taper.ConclusionThe flapless technique with “palatal approach,” Morse taper implants, and immediate implant placement all have favorable influence on the bone formation around the implants.
Enigma of painful diabetic neuropathy: can we use the basic science, research outcomes and real‐world data to help improve patient care and outcomes?
Authors: Coppini D. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is very complex and its detailed understanding often beyond the remit of the diabetologist or the diabetes multidisciplinary team. Nonetheless it is a very common and difficult to treat complication of diabetes, with significant co‐morbidity and mortality, and some basic understanding may help the health care professional with its day to day management. In this review, we discuss the basic pathological mechanisms of PDN, and its clinical manifestations, and present both scientific and real world data on its management, in an attempt to help improve patient care and outcomes.
Ouro proteins are not essential to tail regression during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis
Authors: Nakai Yuya , Nakajima Keisuke , Robert Jacques , Yaoita Yoshio 
Published: February 2016

Tail regression is one of the most prominent transformations observed during anuran metamorphosis. A tadpole tail that is twice as long as the tadpole trunk nearly disappears within 3 days in Xenopus tropicalis. Several years ago, it was proposed that this phenomenon is driven by an immunological rejection of larval‐skin‐specific antigens, Ouro proteins. We generated ouro‐knockout tadpoles using the TALEN method to reexamine this immunological rejection model. Both the ouro1‐ and ouro2‐knockout tadpoles expressed a very low level of mRNA transcribed from a targeted ouro gene, an undetectable level of Ouro protein encoded by a target gene and a scarcely detectable level of the other Ouro protein from the untargeted ouro gene in tail skin. Furthermore, congenital athymic frogs were produced by Foxn1 gene modification. Flow cytometry analysis showed that mutant frogs lacked splenic CD8+ T cells, which play a major role in cytotoxic reaction. Furthermore, T‐cell‐dependent skin allograft rejection was dramatically impaired in mutant frogs. None of the knockout tadpoles showed any significant delay in the process of tail shortening during the climax of metamorphosis, which shows that Ouro proteins are not essential to tail regression at least in Xenopus tropicalis and argues against the immunological rejection model.
Verifying the performance characteristics of the TEG5000 thromboelastogram in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Gosselin R.C. , Estacio E. E. , Song J. Y. , Dwyre D. M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo verify the manufacturer performance claims of the TEG5000 with traditional laboratory methods.Materials and methodsSamples were concurrently measured using the TEG5000 analyzer and either PT, APTT, fibrinogen, factor activities, platelet count, or platelet function testing using whole blood or platelet‐rich plasma methods.ResultsWithin‐run imprecision yielded coefficient of variation (CV) of <5%. There was no correlation of PT or APTT with R time. Only Factor VIII and factor XII activity significantly correlated with R time. There was significant correlation between k and angle with FBG, PLT count, and factor levels. There was weak inverse correlation between angle results and measures of platelet function. All laboratory methods were significantly correlated with MA. There were significant differences between citrated whole blood and fresh citrated plasma for angle and MA, and between fresh and frozen plasma for R time and MA. We demonstrated a high % inhibition noted with normal, drug naïve donors, especially with ADP PLT mapping (50% inhibition), but less so with AA PLT mapping (20% inhibition). For TEG platelet mapping, 19/22 (86.3%) and 17/22 (77.3%) results were concordant with traditional aggregation results.ConclusionWe demonstrated both the lack of, and strong correlation between laboratory tests and the TEG parameters.
Male non‐gonococcal urethritis: From microbiological etiologies to demographic and clinical features
Authors: Ito Shin , Hanaoka Nozomu , Shimuta Ken , Seike Kensaku , Tsuchiya Tomohiro , Yasuda Mitsuru , Yokoi Shigeaki , Nakano Masahiro , Ohnishi Makoto , Deguchi Takashi 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo detect microorganisms responsible for male acute urethritis and to define the microbiology of non‐gonococcal urethritis.MethodsThe present study comprised 424 men with symptoms and signs compatible with acute urethritis. Their urethral swabs and first‐voided urine underwent detection of the microorganisms. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of Mycoplasma genitalium‐, Ureaplasma urealyticum‐, Haemophilus influenza‐, adenovirus‐ or Herpes simplex virus‐positive monomicrobial non‐gonococcal urethritis, or all‐examined microorganism‐negative urethritis in heterosexual men were compared with urethritis positive only for Chlamydia trachomatis.ResultsNeisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 127 men (30.0%). In 297 men with non‐gonococcal urethritis, C. trachomatis was detected in 143 (48.1%). In 154 men with non‐chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis, M. genitalium (22.7%), M. hominis (5.8%), Ureaplasma parvum (9.1%), U. urealyticum (19.5%), H. influenzae (14.3%), Neisseria meningitidis (3.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis (1.3%), human adenovirus (16.2%), and Herpes simplex virus types 1 (7.1%) and 2 (2.6%) were detected. Although some features of monomicrobial non‐chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis or all‐examined microorganism‐negative urethritis were significantly different from those of monomicrobial chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis, most features were superimposed.ConclusionsPredicting causative microorganisms in men with non‐gonococcal urethritis based on demographic and clinical features is difficult. However, the present study provides useful information to better understand the microbiological diversity in non‐gonococcal urethritis, and to manage patients with non‐gonococcal urethritis appropriately.
Loss of miR‐182 affects B‐cell extrafollicular antibody response
Authors: Li Yan‐Feng , Ou Xijun , Xu Shengli , Jin Zi‐Bing , Iwai Naoharu , Lam Kong‐Peng 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMicroRNAs have been shown to play a role in B‐cell differentiation and activation. Here, we found miR‐182 to be highly induced in activated B cells. However, mice lacking miR‐182 have normal B‐cell and T‐cell development. Interestingly, mutant mice exhibited a defective antibody response at early time‐points in the immunization regimen when challenged with a T‐cell‐dependent antigen. Germinal centres were formed but the generation of extrafollicular plasma cells was defective in the spleens of immunized miR‐182‐deficient mice. Mutant mice were also not able to respond to a T‐cell‐independent type 2 antigen, which typically elicited an extrafollicular B‐cell response. Taken together, the data indicated that miR‐182 plays a critical role in driving extrafollicular B‐cell antibody responses.
First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Studies of Oxygen Sublattice Melting in Thoria
Authors: Szpunar Barbara , Szpunar Jerzy A. 
Published: February 2016

We apply first‐principles molecular dynamics to investigate the order–disorder transition in the oxygen sublattice, observed experimentally in thoria. The mean‐square displacements were calculated at high temperatures (2700 K–3660 K) and we demonstrate that oxygen atoms become mobile at 3000 K, while they stay confined at 2700 K. The rate of diffusion of oxygen atoms was calculated while for thorium atoms the mean‐square amplitudes of vibrations were evaluated. Thoria is predicted to exhibit a higher increase in thermal expansion with temperatures in the premelting region, similar to urania.
The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series
Authors: Erovic Ademovski Seida , Mårtensson Carina , Persson G. Rutger , Renvert Stefan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis 3 months after therapy.Material and methodsSixty‐eight adults with intra‐oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra‐oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter®, and a gas chromatograph.ResultsSignificant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T‐VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T‐VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis presenting with a T‐VSC value <160 ppb, a H2S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb.ConclusionNon‐surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T‐VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis.
Micro‐sampling Lu–Hf geochronology reveals episodic garnet growth and multiple high‐P metamorphic events
Authors: Cheng H. , Liu X. C. , Vervoort J. D. , Wilford D. , Cao D. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present Lu–Hf dates from multiple growth zones within two large garnet porphyroblasts by a micro‐sampling method. A single eclogite sample, taken from the Huwan shear zone in the Hong'an orogen, was investigated with Lu–Hf geochronology by micro‐sampling and traditional bulk separation methods. The sample contains a few large garnet porphyroblasts up to several centimetres in diameter and a second major population of smaller (0.1–2.0 mm) garnet porphyroblasts, comprised of dark cores and pale rims. Elemental compositions and mineral inclusions in the garnet appear consistent with two garnet generations. Lu–Hf dates (c. 400–264 Ma) were determined from twelve micro‐sawed garnet sections from two large garnet porphyroblasts. These Lu–Hf dates overlap with age peaks defined by 115 SIMS zircon U–Pb analyses from the same eclogite sample. Bulk analyses of smaller garnet separates define a minimum date of c. 306 Ma and a maximum date of c. 252 Ma for the dark cores and pale rims respectively. These Lu–Hf dates were interpreted to bracket the period of garnet growth and the broad interval from c. 400 to 264 Ma is best explained by protracted and episodic garnet growth, which may require that these rocks experienced two subduction cycles that were initiated during the Devonian and terminated in the Triassic.
How the stimulus defines the dynamics of vesicle pool recruitment, fusion mode, and vesicle recycling in neuroendocrine cells
Authors: Cárdenas Ana María , Marengo Fernando D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe pattern of stimulation defines important characteristics of the secretory process in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, including the pool of secretory vesicles being recruited, the type and amount of transmitters released, the mode of membrane retrieval, and the mechanisms associated with vesicle replenishment. This review analyzes the mechanisms that regulate these processes in chromaffin cells, as well as in other neuroendocrine and neuronal models. A common factor in these mechanisms is the spatial and temporal distribution of the Ca2+ signal generated during cell stimulation. For instance, neurosecretory cells and neurons have pools of vesicles with different locations with respect to Ca2+ channels, and those pools are therefore differentially recruited following different patterns of stimulation. In this regard, a brief stimulus will induce the exocytosis of a small pool of vesicles that is highly coupled to voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels, whereas longer or more intense stimulation will provoke a global Ca2+ increase, promoting exocytosis irrespective of vesicle location. The pattern of stimulation, and therefore the characteristics of the Ca2+ signal generated by the stimulus also influence the mode of exocytosis and the type of endocytosis. Indeed, low‐frequency stimulation favors kiss‐and‐run exocytosis and clathrin‐independent fast endocytosis, whereas higher frequencies promote full fusion and clathrin‐dependent endocytosis. This latter type of endocytosis is accelerated at high‐frequency stimulation. Synaptotagmins, calcineurin, dynamin, complexin, and actin remodeling, appear to be involved in the mechanisms that determine the response of these processes to Ca2+.
imageIn chromaffin cells, a brief stimulus induces the exocytosis of a small pool of vesicles that is highly coupled to voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (A), whereas longer or high‐frequency stimulation provokes a global Ca2+ increase, promoting exocytosis irrespective of vesicle location (B). Furthermore, low‐frequency stimulation favors kiss‐and‐run exocytosis (A), whereas higher frequencies promote full fusion (B). In this review, we analyze the mechanisms by which a given stimulation pattern defines the mode of exocytosis, and recruitment and recycling of neurosecretory vesicles.This article is part of a mini review series on Chromaffin cells (ISCCB Meeting, 2015).
Micro‐Computed Tomography of Tooth Volume Changes Following Post Removal
Authors: Kim Jiyeon J. , Alapati Satish , Knoernschild Kent L. , Jeong Yong‐Hoon , Kim Do Gyoon , Lee Damian J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo measure tooth volume change before and after post removal using micro‐CT and to compare the difference among various combinations of prefabricated post and cement systems.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular canines were sectioned 13 mm from the apex. Root canals were properly instrumented. Preparations were filled with gutta percha using lateral condensation. Post space was prepared with a touch and heat device, leaving 5 mm of gutta percha from the apex. Specimens were scanned with micro‐CT to establish objective baseline volume and divided into two groups of post systems: stainless steel (SS) ParaPost and glass‐fiber reinforced composite (FRC) post. Half the posts for each group were cemented with Ketac Cem radiopaque glass‐ionomer cement, and the other half with SpeedCEM dual‐curing resin cement. The posts and residual cement were removed by the same operator, using the ultrasonic vibration technique under an endodontic operating microscope. The remaining tooth root structure was scanned again using micro‐CT with volume reported (mm3). The statistical difference between the combination of posts and cements was measured using the Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA test (α = 0.001). The independent variables were evaluated separately using post hoc Tukey examination to determine which groups resulted in a statistically significant difference.ResultsThere was a statistical difference of tooth root volume change among the groups. Post hoc exam revealed a statistically significant difference in tooth root volume change between group 1 (SS + GI) and the other groups (α = 0.0002).ConclusionCompared to other post and cement combinations, serrated parallel‐sided SS posts cemented with GI cement had the most tooth root structure loss upon post removal using the ultrasonic vibration technique.
Effect of dietary probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in broilers
Authors: Salehimanesh A. , Mohammadi M. , Roostaei‐Ali Mehr M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic (Primalac), prebiotic (TechnoMos) and synbiotic (Primalac + TechnoMos) supplementation on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations of ileum in broilers. A total of 240 one‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups which included 60 birds. Control group did not receive any treatment. The chicks in the second, third and fourth groups were fed probiotic (0.9 g/kg), prebiotic (0.9 g/kg) and probiotic (0.9 g/kg) plus probiotic (0.9 g/kg; synbiotic), respectively, at entire period. Daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. The birds were immunized by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) on days 12 and 29 of age and serum antibody titres were measured on days 28, 35 and 42. Newcastle vaccines administered on days 9, 18 and 27 to chicks and blood samples were collected on day 42. Intestinal morphometric assessment and enumeration of intestinal bacterial populations were performed on day 42. The results indicated that consumption of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic had no significant effect on daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations of ileum (p > 0.05). Consumption of prebiotic increased total and IgM anti‐SRBC titres on days 28 and 42 and antibody titre against Newcastle virus disease on day 42 (p < 0.05). Synbiotic increased only total anti‐SRBC on day 28 (p < 0.05). It is concluded that consumption of prebiotic increased humoral immunity in broilers. Therefore, supplementation of diet with prebiotic for improvement of humoral immune responses is superior to synbiotic supplementation.
Effects of dietary resistant starch content on metabolic status, milk composition, and microbial profiling in lactating sows and on offspring performance
Authors: Yan H. , Lu H. , Almeida V. V. , Ward M. G. , Adeola O. , Nakatsu C. H. , Ajuwon K. M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn the present study, the effects of dietary resistant starch (RS) content on serum metabolite and hormone concentrations, milk composition, and faecal microbial profiling in lactating sows, as well as on offspring performance was investigated. Sixteen sows were randomly allotted at breeding to two treatments containing low‐ and high‐RS contents from normal and high‐amylose corn varieties, respectively, and each treatment had eight replicates (sows). Individual piglet body weight (BW) and litter size were recorded at birth and weaning. Milk samples were obtained on day 10 after farrowing for composition analysis. On day 2 before weaning, blood and faecal samples were collected to determine serum metabolite and hormone concentrations and faecal microbial populations, respectively. Litter size at birth and weaning were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the sow dietary treatments. Although feeding the RS‐rich diet to sows reduced (p = 0.004) offspring birth BW, there was no difference in piglet BW at weaning (p > 0.05). High‐RS diet increased (p < 0.05) serum triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and milk total solid content, and tended (p = 0.09) to increase milk fat content in lactating sows. Feeding the RS‐rich diet to sows increased (p < 0.01) faecal bacterial population diversity. These results indicate that high‐RS diets induce fatty acid mobilization and a greater intestinal bacterial richness in lactating sows, as well as a greater nutrient density in maternal milk, without affecting offspring performance at weaning.
Cognitive Distortions of Child Molesters on Probation or Parole in Japan
Authors: Katsuta Satoshi , Hazama Kyoko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study examined cognitive distortions of child molesters on probation or parole in Japan utilizing an 18‐item questionnaire administered in a treatment program conducted by the probation officers. This study analyzed the responses of child molesters (n = 51), non‐child‐molesting sexual offenders (n = 65), and non‐offenders (n = 64). Factor analysis of the responses showed three types of cognitive distortions: Rationalization of Offending Behavior, Minimization of Responsibility for Offending, and Minimization of Victim Harm. Welch's analysis of variance followed by Games‐Howell post hoc tests revealed that the child molesters scored significantly higher than the non‐offender group on the Rationalization of Offending Behavior subscale and the Minimization of Responsibility for Offending subscale, and significantly higher than the non‐child‐molesting sexual offender group on the Minimization of Responsibility for Offending subscale. The authors discuss the meanings of these three types of cognitive distortions and future research issues.