bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER LANTHANOIDE 33. MITT. KOMPLEXE DER SELTENERDMETALLE MIT 2‐BUTYRYLCYCLOHEXANON
Authors: DUTT N. K. , SANYAL S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Titelligand wird durch Reaktion von 1‐Morpholincyclohexen mit Butyryl‐ Chlorid in Gegenwart von Trimethylamin in CHCl3 und anschließender Hydrolyse mit HCl hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: EIN NEUES STEROID MIT NICHT IN DER NATUR VORKOMMENDER KONFIG., 8ALPHA,14BETA‐PROGESTERON
Authors: MUKAWA FUMIKAZU , NAGATA WATARU 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas nach bekannter Methode dargestellte Oxo‐Derivat (I) wird durch eine modifizierte Wolff‐Kishner‐Reduktion und anschließende Acetylierung in das Diacetat (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: HOCHEMPFINDLICHE NACHWEISRK. MIT PYRIDOXIN‐DERIVATEN 1. MITT. AMINOSAURE‐ANALYSE IM PICOMOL‐BEREICH
Authors: LUSTENBERGER NORBERT , LANGE HANS‐WALTER , HEMPEL KLAUS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAminosäuren (I) und Pyridoxal (II) kondensieren sich in alkalischem Medium zu den Schiffschen Basen (III), die sich mit Na‐boranat bzw. mit tritiiertem Na‐boranat reduzieren lassen; die so erhaltenen Pyridoxylaminosäuren bzw. radioaktiven Pyridoxylaminosäuren (IV) lassen sich noch in geringsten Mengen ‐ d.h. im Picomol‐Maßstab (1·10‐12 mol) ‐ quantitativ bestimmen.
ChemInform Abstract: DOPPELSCHICHTKAPAZITANZ VON EISEN UND KORROSIONSHEMMUNG DURCH POLYMETHYLENDIAMINE
Authors: MCCAFFERTY E. , HACKERMAN NORMAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Einfluß von Polymethylendiaminen NH2‐(CH2)n‐NH2 (n: 2‐12) auf die Korrosion von Fe in 6n HCl bei 25°C wird durch Polarisationsmessungen und kolorimetrische Analyse der Lösung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: RING‐SCHEIBEN‐ UND UNTERTEILTE SCHEIBENELEKTRODEN
Authors: SMYRL WILLIAM H. , NEWMAN JOHN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGleichungen, die die Diffusionsschicht an einer rotierenden Scheibenelektrode beschreiben, werden benutzt, um die Formel von Albery und Bruckenstein über ein rotierendes Ring‐Scheiben‐System zu revidieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ENTWICKLUNG ROSTFREIER STAEHLE ZUR KONSTRUKTION VON KONDENSATORROHRBUENDELN
Authors: BAKER D. W. C. , HEATON W. E. , PATIENT B. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Möglichkeit, austenitischen rostfreien Stahl für die Kondensatorrohrbündel‐ Konstruktion einer Anlage eines Elektrizitätswerks zu verwenden, wurde im Laboratorium und praktisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS VON HALOGENDAEMPFEN AUF DIE VERZUNDERUNG EINER NIMONIC‐LEG.
Authors: ELLIOT P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs werden Besonderheiten, die bei der Verzunderung von Nimonic 75 unter direkter Einwirkung von Brz‐ und J z‐Dampf bei Temperaturen von 820‐9 10°C auftreten, anhand photographischer Aufnahmen beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: STUFENWEISE HYDRIERUNG VON TERT.‐BUTYLDIACETYLEN
Authors: MEL'NIKOVA S. P. , VOROB'EV L. N. , PETROV A. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Diin (I) wird an Pd in Methanol zunächst mit hoher Selektivität zum Enin (II) hydriert.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTO‐INDUZIERTE UMLAGERUNG VON 3‐O‐23‐O,N‐TRIACETYL‐ISOJERVIN‐11BETA‐OL‐′NITRIT′
Authors: SUGINOME H. , TSUNENO T. , SATO N. , MASAMUNE T. , SHIMANOUCHI H. , TSUCHIDA Y. , SASADA Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Photolyse des Nitrits (I) zum Spaltprodukt (II) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SWAZIN, EIN NEUES ALKALOID AUS SENECIO SWAZIENSIS COMPTON, EINE CHEMISCHE UND ROENTGENANALYSE EINES NEUEN SPIRODILACTONS
Authors: GORDON‐GRAY C. G. , WELLS R. B. , HALLAK N. , HURSTHOUSE M. B. , NEIDLE S. , TOUBE T. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus Swazin (I) entstehen beim Abbau Retronecin (II) und ein neues Spirodilacton (III), dessen Struktur aufgeklärt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HEPATO‐CARCINOGENITAET DER TRIMETHYL‐HOMOLOGEN VON 4‐DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZOL
Authors: BROWN E. V. , KRUEGEL A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Verwendung der Trimethyl‐aniline (I) erhält man über die Diazonium‐ Verbindungen (II) mit Dimethyl‐anilin (III) die 4‐Dimethylamino‐azobenzole (IV), die hegatocarcinogene Eigenschaften zeigen.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE UEBERPRUEFTE STRUKTUR DES ZERS.‐PRODUKTES EINES O‐CHINON‐OXIM‐BENZOLSULFONATS
Authors: FLEMING I. , HATANAKA N. , OHTA H. , SIMAMURA O. , YOSHIDA M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie thermische Zersetzung des o‐Chinon‐oxim‐benzolsulfonats (II) in wäßrigem Pyridin ergibt das Lacton (III) und nicht das Aza‐bicyclo‐heptenon (I).
ChemInform Abstract: EINIGE RK. MIT 3‐CYAN‐ UND 3‐ACETYL‐2(H)‐PYRIDONEN
Authors: SAMMOUR A. , AKHNOOKH Y. , JAHINE H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Addition von Grignard‐Reagentien (II) an 3‐Cyan‐2(H)‐pyn′done (I) führt zu 3‐Acyl‐2(H)‐pyridonen (III), die auch durch Kondensation auf unabhängigem Weg synthetisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RE‐UMLAGERUNG VON ISOXAZOLIUM‐SALZEN, DIE UMWANDLUNG EINES ISOXAZOLO(2,3‐A)PYRIDINIUM‐SALZES IN EIN REDUZIERTES FURO(3,2‐B)PYRIDON
Authors: GOOD R. H. , JONES G. , PHIPPS J. R. , FERGUSON G. , MARSH W. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus dem Isoxazo1o(2,3‐a)py1idinium‐Salz (II) erhält man durch Bromierung/ Dehydrobromierung den Aromaten (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON TRIMETHOPRIM‐VARIATIONEN, SUBSTITUTION DER METHYLENGRUPPE DURCH POLARE GRUPPEN
Authors: STOGRYN E. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Verbindungen der Art (I) werden in der z.Tl. angegebenen Weise hergestellt und im Vergleich zum Trimethoprim untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ORIENTIERENDE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UEBER DIE ANTITUMOR‐WIRKUNG EINIGER PHOSPHATIDYL‐STICKSTOFF‐LOSTVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: TURCOTTE J. G. , HEGDE G. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus den früher beschriebenen Phosphoramidestern (I) und (II) werden die Acylierungsprodukte (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ARALKYLPOLYAMIN‐KOMPLEXE 3. MITT. THIO‐ UND SELENOCYANAT‐KOMPLEXE VON KUPFER(II), NICKEL(II) UND KOBALT(II) MIT N‐BENZYL‐ UND N,N′‐DIBENZYL‐AETHYLENDIAMIN
Authors: PATEL K. C. , GOLDBERG DAVID E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Cu‐Komplexe (I) und (II) erfolgt durch Behandlung des aus Cu‐nitrathydrat und dem Liganden gewonnenen Dinitrato‐Komplexes mit Ammoniumthiocyanat bzw. K‐selenocyanat.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON HARMALIN (4,9‐DIHYDRO‐7‐METHOXY‐1‐METHYL‐3H‐PYRIDO(3,4‐B)INDOL) UND SEINEN DERIVATEN 1. MITT. RK. VON HARMALIN MIT METHYLACRYLAT
Authors: ATTA‐UR‐RAHMAN ATTA‐UR‐RAHMAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHarmalin (I) gibt beim Erhitzen mit einem kleinen Überschuß Methylacrylat (II) in Methanol/Benzol das‐Indolochinolizinon (III); unter sonst analogen Bedingungen aber bei Raumtemperatur (72 Std.) liefert (I) mit (II) das β‐Carbolin (IV) (90% Ausbeute), das in siedendem Methanol zu (V) cyclisiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERISIERUNG VON ALPHA‐ALLENISCHEN ALKOHOLEN IN SAUREM MEDIUM
Authors: GELIN RENE , GELIN SUZANE , ALBRAND MICHEL 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Dienol (Ia) isomerisiert sich am Rückfluß in saurem Medium (wäßrige Phosphor‐ oder Schwefelsäure) zum Keton (IIa) (8% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH.‐GAS‐ERZEUGUNG AUS NEBENPRODUKTEN DER OXOSYNTH.
Authors: FALBE J. , HAHN H.‐D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs wird die Synthesegas‐Erzeugung aus Nebenprodukten (Isobutyraldehyd u.a.) der Hydroformylierung von Propylen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA‐ALKYLMERCAPTO‐ALDEHYDE UND BETA‐ALKYLMERCAPTOENAMINE
Authors: DUHAMEL PIERRE , DUHAMEL LUCETTE , CHAUVIN JOE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie aus den entsprechenden Chloraldehyden (I) und Mercaptiden (II) dargestellten Aldehyde (III) (35‐67% Ausbeute) werden durch Erwärmen in Dioxan in Gegenwart geringer Mengen H2SO4 in die isomeren Ketone (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASENUMWANDLUNGEN IN EUTEKTISCHEN GOLD‐SILICIUM‐LEG. AUF SILICIUM‐EINKRISTALLEN
Authors: PHILOFSKY E. , RAVI K. V. , BROOKS J. , HALL E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Phasenumwandlungen in eutektischen dünnen Au‐Si‐Legierungsfilmen auf Si‐Einkristallen werden in Abhängigkeit von der Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit der Schmelze metallographisch, durch Widerstandsmessungen sowie durch Röntgen‐ und Elektronenbeugung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EMK‐MESSUNGEN BEI HOHER TEMPERATUR AN SULFID BILDENDEN ZELLEN
Authors: THOMPSON W. T. , FLENGAS S. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie EMK‐Messungen an den Sulfid bildenden Zellen A werden bei 600°C unter Verwendung einer S‐Dampfelektrode durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS DES LOESUNGSMITTELS AUF DIE BLDG. VON PERMALEINSAEURE UND IHRE EPOXIDIERUNGSRK. MIT 1,4‐DIBROM‐2‐METHYL‐BUTEN‐(2)
Authors: MALINOVSKII M. S. , DRYUK V. G. , KUROCHKIN A. F. , TYURINA L. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Bildung von Permaleinsäure aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und Wasserstoffperoxid sowie die der Epoxidierung des Olefins (I) durch die Persäure zum Oxiran (II) in Diäthyläther, Äthylacetat, Dioxan, Aceton, tert.‐Butanol, Eisessig, Acetonitril, Dimethylformamid und Diäthylenglykol bei 10‐30°C werden bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON MONO‐ UND DIMETHYLPYRROLEN
Authors: GARDINI GIAN PIERO , BOCCHI VITTORIO 
Published: February 2016

AbstractN‐Methyl‐pyrrol (I) wird durch H2O2 in verdünnter wäßriger Lösung oder in konzentrierterer Lösung in Äthanol/ Äther zu dem Pyrrolinon (II) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: TELOMERISATION VON AETHYLEN MIT 1,1,1,3‐TETRACHLORPROPAN
Authors: ASAHARA T. , KURITA A. , SATO T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractÄthylen (I) reagiert als Taxogen mit l,1,1,3‐Tetrachlorpropan (II) als Telogen in Gegenwart von Triäthylphosphit/Eisen?l)‐ bzw. Eisen(III)‐Sa1zen als Initiator zu Telomerisierungsprodukten, von denen die Tetrachloralkane (III) die Hauptprodukte sind.
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. VON 3‐FLUOR‐3,3‐DINITRO‐PROPANOL‐(1) UND EINIGER SEINER ESTER
Authors: EREMENKO L. T. , GAFUROV R. G. , LISINA L. A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract1‐Fluor‐l ,1‐dinitro‐3‐isocyanato‐propan (I) wird in 65%iger Schwefelsäure bei 105 ‐ 1 10°C zum Aminsulfat (II) hydrolysiert, das in der Reaktionslösung bei 35 ‐ 40°C diazotiert und bei 60°C in das Propanol (III) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: BIFUNKTIONELLE DERIVATE VON PERFLUORCARBONSAEUREN 1. MITT. SYNTH. VON BETA‐PERFLUORVINYL‐PERFLUORPROPIONSAEURE UND IHREN DERIVATEN
Authors: FEDOROVA G. B. , DOLGOPOL'SKII I. M. , GUBANOV V. A. , GRACHEVA P. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Vakuumpyrolyse der Perfluoradipinsäure (I) (als Di‐Na‐Salz) bei 350°C liefert das Säurefluorid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: BETA‐FORMYL‐PROPIONSAEURE‐AMIDALE
Authors: TSYBINA N. M. , KOROBEINIKOVA N. A. , PROTOPOPOVA T. V. , SKOLDINOV A. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Lactone (I) reagieren mit dem Urethan (II) bei 25°C in Methanol in Gegenwart katalytischer Schwefelsäure‐Mengen bzw. in Dioxan‐Wasser zu den Amidalen (III) (65‐89% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: HERSTELLUNG VON C‐IMIDOYL‐C‐AETHOXYCARBONYL‐KETENIMINEN MIT TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN/TETRACHLORMETHAN
Authors: GOERDELER J. , LINDNER C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus den Enaminen (I) und Isocyanaten (II) entstehen die Amide (III), die durch die Kombination aus Triphenylphosphin und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zu den C‐Imidoy1‐C‐äthoxycarbonyl‐keteniminen (IV) dehydratisiert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON 3ALPHA‐ACETYL‐4,5‐EPOXY‐CARAN
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , ISAEVA Z. G. , IBRAGIMOVA N. D. , VULF'SON S. G. , VERESHCHAGIN A. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMit Peressigsäure wird 3a‐Acetyl‐4‐caren (I) in Gegenwart von Soda in 3a‐Acetyl‐a‐4,5‐epoxy‐caran (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐DIALKOXY‐OXETAN
Authors: NESTEROV L. V. , SABIROVA R. A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract1,1‐Dimethoxy (IIa) und 1,1‐Diäthoxy‐äthylen (IIb) setzen sich in Äther mit Chloral (I) unter Cyclisierung zum 1,1‐Dimethoxy‐ bzw. 1,1‐Diäthoxy‐4‐trichlormethyl‐oxetan (III) um (Ausbeute (IIIa): 51%, (IIIb): 30%).
ChemInform Abstract: CHINAZOLONE 4. MITT. DIE SYNTHESE EINIGER ALLYLOXY‐CHINAZOLONE
Authors: SINHA S. K. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeim Erhitzen der substituierten Anthranilsäuren (I) mit Acetanhydrid oder mit Benzoylchlorid in Pyridin bilden sich die Benzoxazine (II), die sich durch Umsetzung mit Anilin (III) in siedendem Toluol in die Al1yloxy‐chinazoline (IV) umwandeln lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIK DER AUTOX. VON TRIMETHYLPHOSPHIT, METHYLDIPHENYL‐PHOSPHINIT UND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN
Authors: OGATA Y. , YAMASHITA M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie kinetisch untersuchte Autoxidation der Titelverbindungen in 0‐Dichlorbenzol führt im wesentlichen zu den entsprechenden P(V)‐Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPEZIFISCHE BLDG. EINES E‐PROPENYL‐PHOSPHONIUM‐SALZES UND SEINE UMWANDLUNG IN EIN 1,2‐OXAPHOSPH(V)OLEN
Authors: GARBERS C. F. , MALHERBE J. S. , SCHNEIDER D. F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMethacrylester (I) ergibt über eine Addition von Brom und nachfolgende Dehydrobromierung das Brom‐olefin (II), das mit Triphenylphosphin zum Salz (III) führt.
Application of Fluorescence Spectrometry With Multivariate Calibration to the Enantiomeric Recognition of Fluoxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Poláček Roman , Májek Pavel , Hroboňová Katarína , Sádecká Jana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFluoxetine is the most prescribed antidepressant chiral drug worldwide. Its enantiomers have a different duration of serotonin inhibition. A novel simple and rapid method for determination of the enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical pills is presented. Specifically, emission, excitation, and synchronous fluorescence techniques were employed to obtain the spectral data, which with multivariate calibration methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), were investigated. The chiral recognition of fluoxetine enantiomers in the presence of β‐cyclodextrin was based on diastereomeric complexes. The results of the multivariate calibration modeling indicated good prediction abilities. The obtained results for tablets were compared with those from chiral HPLC and no significant differences are shown by Fisher's (F) test and Student's t‐test. The smallest residuals between reference or nominal values and predicted values were achieved by multivariate calibration of synchronous fluorescence spectral data. This conclusion is supported by calculated values of the figure of merit. Chirality 28:319–324, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of repetitive mechanical loading on MMP2 activity in tendon fibroblasts
Authors: Huisman Elise , Lu Alex , Jamil Sarwat , Mousavizadeh Rouhollah , McCormack Robert , Roberts Clive , Scott Alex 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMatrix metalloproteinase2 has been implicated in tendon pathology caused by repetitive movements. However, its activity in the early stages of the tendon's response to overuse, and its presence in the circulation as a possible indicator of tendon degradation, remain unknown. Human tendon cells were repetitively stretched for 5 days, and the rabbit Achilles tendon complex underwent repetitive motion 3× per week for 2 weeks. Quantitative polymer chain reaction analysis was performed to detect matrix metalloproteinase2/14 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase2 messenger ribonucleic acid of cells and rabbit tissue, and matrix metalloproteinase2 protein levels were determined with an enzyme linked immunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinase2 activity was examined using zymography of the conditioned media, tendon and serum. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize matrix metalloproteinase2 in tendon tissue, and the density of fibrillar collagen in tendons was examined using second harmonic generation microscopy. Tendon cells stretched with high strain or high frequency demonstrated increased matrix metalloproteinase2 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels. Matrix metalloproteinase2 activity was increased in the rabbit Achilles tendon tissue at weeks 1 and 2; however, serum activity was only increased at week 1. After 2 weeks of exercise, the collagen density was lower in specific regions of the exercised rabbit Achilles tendon complex. Matrix metalloproteinase2 expression in exercised rabbit Achilles tendons was detected surrounding tendon fibroblasts. Repetitive mechanical stimulation of tendon cells results in a small increase in matrix metalloproteinase2 levels, but it appears unlikely that serum matrix metalloproteinase2 will be a useful indicator of tendon overuse injury. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1991–2000, 2016.
Efficient spectroscopic imaging by an optimized encoding of pretargeted resonances
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Shemesh Noam , Frydman Lucio 
Published: February 2016

PurposeA “relaxation‐enhanced” (RE) approach to acquire in vivo localized spectra with flat baselines and good sensitivity has been recently proposed. As RE MR spectroscopy (MRS) targets a subset of a priori known resonances, new possibilities arise to acquire spectroscopic imaging data in faster, more efficient manners. This is hereby illustrated by Spectroscopically Encoded Chemical Shift Imaging (SECSI).MethodsSECSI delivers spectral/spatial correlations by collecting gradient echo trains whose timings are defined by the shifts of the resonances to be disentangled. Condition number considerations allow one to unravel these image contributions for various sites by a simple matrix inversion. The efficiency of the ensuing method is high enough to enable a sampling of additional spatial axes by means of their phase encoding in spin‐echo trains.ResultsThe one‐dimensional (1D) spectral / 2D spatial SECSI acquisitions were implemented on phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo models. In all cases, quality site‐resolved images were obtained. The experimentally observed enhancements were consistent with theoretical signal‐to‐noise ratio derivations.ConclusionWhile still bound by MRSI's sensitivity limitations, a novel spectroscopic imaging protocol exploiting a priori information, selective excitations and multiple echo encodings, was proposed and demonstrated. The method is promising when dealing with high T2/
ratios, sparse data, or hyperpolarization studies. Magn Reson Med 77:511–519, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Respiratory complications following hydrocarbon aspiration in children
Authors: Makrygianni Evanthia A. , Palamidou Fani , Kaditis Athanasios G. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAccidental hydrocarbon ingestion may lead to aspiration and chemical pneumonitis in children. In this review article, the clinical course of hydrocarbon pneumonitis, chest radiographic abnormalities, complications, and treatment interventions are summarized. Most children remain asymptomatic and without complications following ingestion of a hydrocarbon. In approximately 15% of ingestions, aspiration pneumonitis occurs and evolves over the first 6–8 hr presenting with fever, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and tachycardia. A symptom zenith is reached within 48 hr followed by progressive improvement. Up to 5% of pneumonitis cases progress rapidly to acute respiratory failure. Chest radiographic abnormalities develop by 4–8 hr after ingestion, but they are not always predictive of clinical pneumonitis. Patients with history of hydrocarbon ingestion should be monitored for 6–8 hr in the emergency department and a chest radiogram should be obtained at the end of the observation period. Spontaneous or induced emesis and gastric lavage have been related to aspiration pneumonitis. Children who are symptomatic are admitted to the hospital for cardiorespiratory status monitoring and supportive care. Approximately 90% of hospitalized patients have a benign clinical course. Increased work of breathing with or without altered sensorium and seizures are indications for admission to the intensive care unit. Hypoxemia unresponsive to supplemental oxygen and/or severe central nervous system involvement require mechanical ventilation. Corticosteroids do not seem to offer any benefit and antibiotics are administered in cases of bacterial superinfection. Pneumatoceles may become evident after the first 6–10 days of symptoms on follow‐up chest radiograms and they resolve up to 6 months later. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:560–569. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost‐Effective Surgical Management of Liver Disease Amidst a Financial Crisis
Authors: Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Gemenetzis Georgios , Danias Nikolaos , Kokoropoulos Panagiotis , Koukopoulou Ioanna , Bartsokas Christos , Kostopanagiotou Georgia , Smyrniotis Vassilios 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative use of specialized equipment and disposables contributes to the increasing cost of modern liver surgery. As a response to the recent severe financial crisis in our country we have employed a highly standardized protocol of liver resection that minimizes intraoperative and postoperative costs. Our goal is to evaluate cost‐effectiveness of this protocol.Study designWe evaluated retrospectively all patients who underwent open hepatic resections for 4 years. All resections were performed by the same surgical team under selective hepatic vascular exclusion, i.e., occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament and the major hepatic veins, occasionally combined with extrahepatic ligation of the ipsilateral portal vein. Sharp parenchymal transection was performed with a scalpel and hemostasis was achieved with sutures without the use of energy devices. In each case we performed a detailed analysis of costs and surgical outcomes.ResultsOur cohort included 146 patients (median age 63 years). 113 patients were operated for primary or metastatic malignancies and 33 for benign lesions. Operating time was 121 ± 21 min (mean ± SD), estimated blood loss was 310 ± 159 ml (mean ± SD), and hospital stay was 7 ± 5 days (mean ± SD). Six patients required admission in the ICU postoperatively. 90‐day mortality was 2.74 %, and 8.9 % of patients developed grade III/IV postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo classification). Total in‐hospital cost excluding physician fees was 6987.63 ± 3838.51 USD (mean ± SD).ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that, under pressing economic conditions, the proposed surgical protocol can significantly lessen the financial burden of liver surgery without compromising patient outcomes.
Invasive Infection and Outcomes in a Humanitarian Surgical Burn Program in Haiti
Authors: Murphy Richard A. , Nisenbaum Luba , Labar Amy S. , Sheridan Robert L. , Ronat Jean‐Baptiste , Dilworth Kelly , Pena Jade , Kilborn Erin , Teicher Carrie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground
Compare to high‐income settings, survival in burn units in low‐income settings is lower with invasive infections one leading cause of death. Médecins Sans Frontières is involved in the treatment of large burns in adults and children in Haiti.MethodsIn 2014, we performed a review of 228 patients admitted consecutively with burn injury during a 6‐month period to determine patient outcomes and infectious complications. Microbiology was available through a linkage with a Haitian organization. Regression analysis was performed to determine covariates associated with bloodstream infection and mortality.Results102 (45 %) patients were male, the median age was 8 years (IQR, 2–28), and the majority of patients (60 %) were admitted to the unit within 6 h of injury. There were 20 patients (9 %) with culture‐proven bacteremia. Among organisms in blood, common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (42 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 %), and Acinetobacter baumannii (15 %). Among patients with burns involving <40 % total body area, 4 (2 %) of 192 died and 20 (65 %) of 31 with ≥40 % body surface area involvement died. Factors associated with mortality included involvement of ≥40 % of body surface, depth, and flame as the mechanism. Multidrug‐resistant infections were common; 18 % of S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant, and 83 % of P. aeruginosa isolates were imipenem resistant.ConclusionsA low mortality rate was observed in a humanitarian burn surgery project in patients with burns involving <40 % of total body surface. Invasive infection was common and alarming rates of antibiotic resistance were observed, including infections not treatable with antibiotics available locally.