bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Review
Authors: Zhi Tianhao 
Published: September 2024

This article reviews C. Aspalter’s latest book Super Inequality. The book consists of a collection of Aspalter’s essays in (i) public choice theory, (ii) a theory of social efficiency, and (iii) a theory of super inequality. Not only had it provided us with a timely and systematic explanation regarding the causes of super inequality, but also a myriad of other social issues such as persistent social divide, inflation, a lack of education, and Medicare for many people. The book starts from a foundation of behavioral economics, which attempts to explain why humans make inferior choices when better options are available, with an emphasis on the context of public choices. Aspalter further elaborates on a General Theory of Z-Efficiency. Mainstream economists often focus merely on economic and allocative inefficiency, while ignoring other forms of social inefficiency arising from non-economic factors such as environmental, managerial, and personal and social barriers. The realization of higher general efficiency requires sound social policy design beyond the conventional laissez-faire, neoliberal economic approach. The book continues to build a general theory of super inequality from the lens of the Z-inefficiency measure. In our current world of fast-changing technological progress, thanks to the development of AI, big data, and blockchain technology, it is never a better time to contemplate the ramifications of a technological paradigm shift and how it will affect social efficiency overall. To this end, Aspalter’s General Theory of Z-Efficiency and Super Inequality laid a promising path for future research in this direction.
Chronic Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Children: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Gokulakrishnan Rajasekar , Delhikumar Chinnaiah G. , Senthilkumar Gandhipuram P. , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Kumar Ramachandran R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Childhood obesity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which results in obesity-related comorbidities. This study compared the inflammatory markers between obese and normal children and assessed obesity-related comorbidities.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional analytical study, 40 obese children between 5-18 years of age were recruited as cases, and an equal number of age and gender-matched normal children as the control. The inflammatory markers-high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and adiponectin were compared between the groups. Hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were screened among obese children.

Results:
We observed a male-female ratio of 1.5:1 in each group. The median hs-CRP between obese and normal children were 2.53 mg/L (0.94,6.85) and 0.77 mg/L (0.19,7.19), and the median IL-6 levels were 3.56 pg/ml (2.17,5.48) and 3.76 pg/ml (1.08,7.91) respectively. The median IL-10 levels between obese and control groups were 2.06 pg/ml (0.35,6.3) and 1.82 pg/ml (0.41,6.5), and the median adiponectin levels between the groups were 8.6 mcg/ml (6.65,16.04) and 9.79 mcg/ml (8.45,11.91) respectively. We didn’t observe significant differences in the markers between the groups. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome were seen in 80%, 52.5%, and 45% of obese children, respectively. Other comorbidities-NAFLD, hypertension, and hypothyroidism, were observed in 27.5%, 25%, and 7.5% of obese children, respectively. IL-6 had a significant positive correlation with total cholesterol (r = 0.40), LDL levels (r = 0.50), and HDL (r = 0.32).

Conclusion:
There was no difference in inflammatory markers between obese and normal children. Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were the most common comorbidities.
A Professional Development Program in Management of Midwifery Emergencies for Midwifery Graduates
Authors: Mohamadirizi Soheila , Kazemi Ashraf , Haghani Fariba , Janighorban Mojgan 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Midwifery emergencies can be managed by providing effective and quality care through a skilled workforce. Improving the quality of midwifery care requires the professional development of midwives, especially those who are novice, to maintain their capabilities and enhance their performance. This study was designed to develop a professional development program in the management of midwifery emergencies for midwifery graduates.

Materials and Methods:
This mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted to investigate the program needs, facilitators, and barriers to the management of midwifery emergencies in midwifery graduates. Further, the initial version of the program was developed based on the results of the qualitative study and literature review. The Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model was used to develop a professional development program for the management of midwifery emergencies. The developed program was then evaluated and approved by a panel of experts. In the second phase, the developed professional development program is implemented, and its impacts are evaluated. Finally, the final professional development program in the management of midwifery emergencies for midwifery graduates is provided.

Results:
In total, 2,360 primary codes were extracted and merged into 210 codes. After extracting the sub-categories and categories, a review of the texts was conducted, and the final program was developed.

Conclusions:
Using a professional development program for newly graduated midwives is an effort to improve the health of mothers and infants who receive these services.
Prevention and Management of Risky Behaviors in Adolescents, Focusing on Suicide, Substance Use, and Risky Sexual Behaviors through Empowerment Programs: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ghelbash Zakiye , Alavi Mousa , Noroozi Mahnaz , Far Masuood Mahdavian 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Empowering adolescents to manage and reduce unhealthy behaviors and promote adaptive behaviors is a promising approach to promoting healthy behaviors. This review was an attempt to evaluate adolescent empowerment programs aimed at preventing and managing risky behaviors.

Materials and Methods:
This narrative review was conducted in 2023. The texts were reviewed in two sections: (1) a review of articles and books in databases and (2) a review of international websites. The keywords used to search for studies and programs included substance-related disorders, risky behaviors, empowerment, program, adolescent, suicide, and risky sexual behaviors. These keywords were individually searched in international databases such as “PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.” In the second section, a search was conducted on the websites of international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). The inclusion criteria included having the full text of the original articles, articles in English, articles related to the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of empowerment programs, and the age range of adolescents. The texts that only had abstracts and were in non-English languages were excluded.

Results:
The programs designed to empower adolescents were in three areas: (1) community-based and peer-based programs, (2) family-based programs, and (3) comprehensive programs. Most programs focused on peer group participation and skill interventions.

Conclusions:
A powerful and effective empowering program for adolescents to prevent and control risky behaviors should be designed in the form of comprehensive programs in social, educational, economic, and health dimensions, and with the active engagement and participation of adolescents.
Factors Associated with Subjective Successful Aging Among Iranian Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Mohamadzadeh Marzieh , Zanjari Nasibeh , Delbari Ahmad , Foroughan Mahshid , Tabesh Hamed 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Subjective Successful Aging (SSA) refers to individuals’ self-rating of their aging process. Demographics, socioeconomic status, and health conditions of older adults can shape their aging process and their self-evaluation of it. This study aimed to explore the status of SSA and its related factors among a sample of Iranian older adults in 2022.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 410 older adults in Bojnurd, Iran, who were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected through a four-part questionnaire consisting of objective socioeconomic status, subjective socioeconomic status (Subjective Social Status (SSS) and Perceived Income Adequacy (PIA)), health status (Self-Related Health (SRH) and number of chronic diseases), and the SSA six-question scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22). Bivariable and multiple linear regression analyses were run to identify the factors associated with SSA.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 68 (7.33). The mean (standard deviation) of the SSA score was 60.69 (17.85). Only 132 individuals (32.20%) considered themselves successful. According to regression analysis, among the investigated variables, the predictors of SSA were SRH (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), PIA (β = 0.23, p < 0.001), SSS (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), and age (β = −0.11, p = 0.009), respectively.

Conclusions:
Regarding the low percentage of participants who considered themselves successful seniors, it is necessary to pay more attention to promoting the aspect of successful aging and its related determinants. According to the results, promoting perceived health and reducing financial concerns, especially in older people, could finally increase SSA among Iranian older adults.
Family Caregivers’ Experiences of Living with Hemodialysis Patients: A Descriptive Phenomenology
Authors: Solaimanimoghaddam Rasool , Beydokhti Tahereh Baloochi , Firouzkohi Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Several challenges are experienced by caregivers of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment. These difficulties pertain to the patients, their hemodialysis treatment, and other caregiving responsibilities and concerns. Given the adverse effects of caring for individuals with such conditions on the lives of caregivers, this study aims to investigate the experiences of hemodialysis patients’ family caregivers.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative study with a descriptive, phenomenological approach was conducted in the hemodialysis department of a teaching hospital in Birjand, Iran, in 2022. Fourteen participants were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.

Results:
The participants were caregivers of dialysis patients who had a 6-month history of caring for patients and were first-degree relatives of the patient. A total of 278 initial codes emerged, which were categorized into three overarching themes and eight subthemes based on the research purpose and question. The overarching themes comprised caregiver time and cost strain, social challenges faced by the caregiver, and life challenges faced by the caregiver.

Conclusions:
Caregivers of patients with chronic kidney disease face problems in multiple dimensions and are susceptible to developing new problems. The majority of caregivers in this study were extremely vulnerable women; if they experience difficulties, the family’s foundation will be weakened. Therefore, caregivers should be included in patients’ treatment plans. The expression of caregivers’ experiences can help solve the problems they are facing and also helps hospital managers and health planners better plan to solve problems.
Prevalence and Predictors of Fatigue among Thai Women after COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Jitpanya Chanokporn , Maninet Surachai , Saengkham Pannita 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Several people suffered from fatigue after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, limited studies focused on fatigue in women who recovered from COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fatigue among Thai women after COVID-19 infection and to identify predictive factors, including depression, anxiety, fear, and insomnia.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional research design using convenience sampling was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023. A total of 142 Thai women after COVID-19 infection were recruited from two urban communities located in the Bangkok Metropolitan area, Thailand. The participants completed self-reported questionnaires, including the demographic and illness-related data questionnaire, the Depress Anxiety Stress Scales, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Fear of Progression Questionnaire, and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, range, Pearson’s product-moment correlations, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results:
All (100%) participants returned the questionnaires. After recovering from COVID-19 infection for at least 1 month or longer, 39.40% of the participants reported fatigue. The multiple regression analysis revealed that fear, anxiety, and insomnia collectively contributed to 47% of the variance in the participants’ fatigue (R2 = 0.47; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Nearly two-quarters of Thai women after recovering from COVID-19 infection experienced fatigue. To prevent fatigue among Thai women after COVID-19 infection, it is necessary to help them overcome feelings of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, nursing interventions aiming to alleviate insomnia should be implemented.
The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Fatigue, Sleep Quality, Physiological Indices, and Electrocardiogram Changes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pasyar Nilofar , Rambod Masoume , Najafian Zahra , Nikoo Mohammad Hossein , Yoosefinejad Amin Kordi , Salmanpour Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Limited evidence is available regarding the effect of reflexology on Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). The present study evaluated the effect of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep quality, physiological indices, and electrocardiogram changes in AMI.

Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial was conducted on 80 subjects with AMI. They were divided into an intervention (received reflexology for 3 consecutive days) and a control (received the routine care) group. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a pain numeric analog scale, a daily physiological indices form, and daily electrocardiogram were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. The study was conducted based on CONSORT criteria.

Results:
After controlling the covariates, a significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups with regard to the mean scores of fatigue (F5,80 = 16.33; p < 0.001), sleep quality (F5,80 = 16.56; p < 0.001), and chest pain intensity (F5,80 = 6.86; p = 0.010); means of systolic blood pressure (F5,80 = 22.20; p < 0.001), heart rate (F5,80 = 5.86; p = 0.010), respiration (F5,80 = 9.37; p = 0.003), and temperature (F5,80= -4.23; p < 0.001); and incidence of ST-segment (χ2
1,80 = 5.00; p = 0.020) and T-wave changes (χ2
1,80 = 6.05, p = 0.010) on the fourth day of the intervention.

Conclusions:
Given the effectiveness of foot reflexology in different aspects of AMI patients, the implementation of this intervention is recommended for these patients in coronary care units.
Demographic Differences in Insomnia and Anxiety and the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Jordanian Healthy Adult
Authors: Al-Smadi Ahmed Mohammad , Shajrawi Abedalmajeed , Gammoh Omar Salem , Ashour Ala , Tawalbeh Loai Issa , Harb Eman , Esmadi Hanan , Al-Akash Hekmat Yousef 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Prior studies showed that anxiety and insomnia are both associated with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). There is a lack of literature related to the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthy adult populations in developing countries as in Jordan, Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the CVD risk factors and both insomnia and anxiety among healthy adults had one or more modifiable CVD risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional method was used to examine the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and demographical and clinical association with anxiety and insomnia among 1000 Jordanian adult participants using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the insomnia severity index. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the correlation between anxiety and insomnia scores. Linear regression was used to examine predictors to anxiety and insomnia based on demographical and clinical details.

Results:
The result of the current study showed that (30.20%) of participants had higher anxiety scores, (29.70%) had moderate to severe insomnia. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and insomnia scores, p = 0.01. Based on the current study findings only marital status and anxiety were unique predictors of insomnia F(14,45) = 989, p = 0.001. Moreover, Predictors of anxiety were gender, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and insomnia F(19,89) = 989, p = 0.001.

Conclusions:
Sleep and psychological well-being are important components of an adult’s health and well-being. The study showed that marital status and anxiety are predictors of insomnia. Whereas, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and insomnia were predictors of anxiety. This study highlights the importance of the implementation of a primary prevention strategy for individuals with modifiable CVD risk factors to reduce anxiety and insomnia levels among adults.
The Principles of Home Care for Patients with Stroke: An Integrative Review
Authors: Bahadoram Somayeh , Arsalani Narges , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Mohammadi-Shahbolaghi Farahnaz , Dalvandi Asghar 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Patients With Stroke (PWS), like patients with other chronic health conditions, need long-term care in home settings. Patient transfer from hospital to home is associated with challenges such as care quality impairment and ineffective patient need fulfillment. The aim of this study was to assess the principles of Home Care (HC) for PWS.

Materials and Methods:
This integrative review was conducted in 2023 using the method recommended by Whittemore and Knafl. The Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and specific databases for stroke care guidelines were searched to find relevant articles published between 2010 and 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for document screening and selection. The data were analyzed using the constant comparison method.

Results:
Primarily, 2608 documents were retrieved, and 22 of them were included in data analysis. The principles of HC for PWS were categorized into six main categories: principles of transition from hospital care to HC, principles of assessment for HC, principles of education for HC, principles of designing an HC plan, principles of HC measures, and principles of discharge from HC centers.

Conclusions:
The present study provides a detailed overview of the principles of HC for PWS, which can be used to develop standard guidelines and improve the quality of HC for PWS.
Evaluation of Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Trichrome Staining, Immunohistochemical and Morphometrical Analysis, and Its Correlation with Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Ambroise Moses Marie , Pathak Nabadwip , Gunasekaran Indira , Ramdas Anita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Renal interstitial fibrosis is outcome measure of increasing importance in transplantation and native diseases, and accurate assessment is essential for various scoring systems. There is limited research on the merits of fibrosis measurement methods.

Aim:
This study aimed to quantify and compare the degree of renal fibrosis by using visual analysis and computerized morphometry using trichrome staining and anti-collagen III immunohistochemistry and correlate with renal dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty biopsy samples of various native renal diseases with a wide range of fibrosis were included in the study. Fresh sections were cut and stained with anti-collagen III antibody. Masson’s trichrome- and anti-collagen III-stained slides were subjected to visual assessment by two pathologists following standardized criteria. Digital images were evaluated by computerized morphometry using ImageJ software. Renal cortical fibrosis was expressed as a percentage of the total analyzed cortical tubulointerstitial region.

Results:
The percentage of interstitial fibrosis obtained by each method was compared with each other and with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The interobserver agreement was good for visual assessment using Masson’s trichome staining and excellent for visual assessment using anti-collagen III. The results of visual assessment using anti-collagen III correlated well with those of computerized morphometric assessment. Morphometric analysis of Masson trichrome-stained slides was difficult, and digital images could not be segmented satisfactorily. Computerized morphometric and visual analysis of anti-collagen III immunohistochemistry are good predictors of the eGFR.

Conclusions:
Anti-collagen III immunostaining is a very useful tool for accurate measurement of renal interstitial fibrosis. Morphometry is a useful adjunct for assessment of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration in the Intra-Abdominal Lesion
Authors: Mohanty Pranita , Agrawal Ankita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a reliable, safe, rapid, cost-effective, diagnostic procedure that is, used in various intra-abdominal benign and malignant conditions.

Aim:
EUS-FNA cytology and histology correlation were analyzed with imaging findings and clinical details of the intra-abdominal lesions to assess the malignancy risk/specificity/sensitivity/accuracy for the individual categories.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital within a period of 2½ years. A total of 107 patients with radiologically detected intra-abdominal lesion were included. The demographic data, clinical symptoms, radiologic and EUS findings, laboratory work-up, and cytology results of the study participants were collected and were compared with follow-up histopathology either from a cell block preparation or from an EUS-FNA biopsy, whichever is possible. Cytology preparations were stained routinely with Diff Quik/H&E/PAP stains, and corresponding histology sections were stained routinely with H&E stain. Immunohistochemistry analysis was also performed in difficult cases. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistics software.

Results:
This study comprises a total of 107 cases with the age range of 7–80 years. The maximum number of cases were of the age range 51–60 years in both sexes, and the mean age was 51 years. Sixty-seven cases (63%) were males, whereas 40 cases were females, with M:F ratio = 1.7:1. Maximum cases were sampled from the pancreas, 64 (59.81%), followed by 26 (24.29%) abdominal lymph nodes. Among them, 46 (42.99%) cases were diagnosed to be benign, 41 (38.31%) cases were diagnosed to be malignant, 13 (12.14%) cases were diagnosed as suspicious/atypical, and seven cases (6.54%) were diagnosed as non-diagnostic. Statistical analysis showed 86.53% sensitivity, 84% specificity, PPV 86.53%, NPV 84.09%, and overall accuracy 76.63%.

Conclusion:
The EUS-FNA procedure is effective in diagnosing malignant and benign abdominal lesions and is very helpful for providing a definitive therapy at the earliest.