bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in choroidal thickness after intraocular pressure reduction following trabeculectomy
Authors: Kadziauskiene Aiste , Kuoliene Kristina , Asoklis Rimvydas , Lesinskas Eugenijus , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the changes of peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) after trabeculectomy.MethodsProspective longitudinal study included 37 eyes with open‐angle glaucoma. The subfoveal and peripapillary CT was measured using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography before trabeculectomy and 1 week, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The associations between changes in the CT, intraocular pressure (IOP) and axial length were analysed.ResultsThe medium subfoveal CT (IQR) increased from 182 (97) μm at baseline to 267 (107) μm 1 week, 213 (97) μm 3 months and 207 (91) μm 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). The peripapillary CT increased in all four quadrants at all follow‐ups (p < 0.05). The subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickening correlated with the magnitude of IOP reduction (p < 0.05) and axial length shortening (p < 0.01) during whole follow‐up period. There was a peripapillary CT increase of 2.9 μm per mmHg of IOP reduction (p < 0.001, CI 1.5–4.4) and 4.8 μm per mm of baseline axial length (p = 0.049, CI 0.03–9.6) 1 week postoperatively after adjustment for baseline IOP. Six months postoperatively, the decrease in axial length was the only factor associated with peripapillary choroidal thickening (p = 0.031; regression coefficient: 73.29 μm/mm, CI 7.1–139.5).ConclusionIntraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after trabeculectomy caused the increase in subfoveal and peripapillary CT for at least 6 months postoperatively correlating with greater IOP reduction and axial length shortening. In the long term, the decrease in axial eye length, but not IOP, was the only factor to be associated with peripapillary choroidal thickening.
Effect of timing and type of supplementary grain on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and milk production in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture from evening to morning
Authors: Ueda Koichiro , Mitani Tomohiro , Kondo Seiji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe present study aimed to clarify the effect of timing and type of supplementary grain in grazing dairy cows on herbage dry matter intake (HDMI), nitrogen utilization and milk production. Eight lactating cows were allowed to graze from evening to morning during three seasonal periods (spring, summer, autumn). They were randomly allocated to four treatments (timing: pre‐ (Pre) or post‐grazing (Post), for large grain allotments consisting of 75% of daily grain offered; grain type: barley or corn) in 4 × 4 Latin square designs in each period. In the spring period, HDMI was greater for cows fed corn than those fed barley (P = 0.005), whereas cows in the Pre treatment had a similar HDMI, higher (P = 0.049) urinary purine derivative concentration and greater (P = 0.004) milk yield compared with cows in the Post treatment. In the summer and autumn periods, timing treatments did not affect HDMI, nitrogen utilization or milk production, but cows supplemented with barley had higher urinary purine derivatives concentration (P < 0.05) and milk yield (P < 0.05) compared with those supplemented with corn. The results indicate that large grain allotments immediately before evening grazing during early grazing seasons increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production without reducing HDMI regardless of grain type.
Model‐based evaluation of pulmonary pharmacokinetics in asthmatic and COPD patients after oral olodaterol inhalation
Authors: Borghardt Jens Markus , Weber Benjamin , Staab Alexander , Kunz Christina , Kloft Charlotte 
Published: May 2016

AimsOlodaterol is an orally inhaled β2‐agonist for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were: (1) to investigate systemic PK and thereby make inferences about pulmonary PK in asthmatic patients, COPD patients and healthy volunteers, and (2) to assess whether differences in pulmonary efficacy might be expected based on pulmonary PK characteristics.MethodsPlasma and urine data after olodaterol inhalation were available from six clinical trials comprising 710 patients and healthy volunteers (single and multiple dosing). To investigate the relevance of covariates, full fixed‐effect modelling was applied based on a previously developed healthy volunteer systemic disposition model.ResultsA pulmonary model with three parallel absorption processes best described PK after inhalation in patients. The pulmonary bioavailable fraction (PBIO) was 48.7% (46.1–51.3%, 95% confidence interval) in asthma, and 53.6% (51.1–56.2%) in COPD. In asthma 87.2% (85.4–88.8%) of PBIO was slowly absorbed with an absorption half‐life of 18.5 h (16.3–21.4 h), whereas in COPD 80.1% (78.0–82.2%) was absorbed with a half‐life of 37.8 h (31.1–47.8 h). In healthy volunteers absorption was faster, with a half‐life of 18.5 h (16.3–21.4 h) of the slowest absorbed process, which characterized 74.6% (69.1–80.2%) of PBIO.ConclusionsThe modelling approach successfully described data after olodaterol inhalation in patients and healthy volunteers. Slow pulmonary absorption was demonstrated both in asthma and COPD. Absorption characteristics after olodaterol inhalation indicated even more beneficial lung targeting in patients compared to healthy volunteers.
Salivary caffeine concentrations are comparable to plasma concentrations in preterm infants receiving extended caffeine therapy
Authors: Dobson Nicole R. , Liu Xiaoxi , Rhein Lawrence M. , Darnall Robert A. , Corwin Michael J. , McEntire Betty L. , Ward Robert M. , James Laura P. , Sherwin Catherine M. T. , Heeren Timothy C. , Hunt Carl E. 
Published: May 2016

AimsCaffeine concentrations in preterm infants are usually measured in the blood. However, salivary assays may provide a valid and practical alternative. The present study explored the validity and clinical utility of salivary caffeine concentrations as an alternative to blood concentrations and developed a novel plasma/salivary caffeine distribution model.MethodsPaired salivary and plasma samples were obtained in 29 infants. Salivary samples were obtained using a commercially available salivary collection system. Caffeine concentrations in the saliva and plasma were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM 7.3.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) gestational age (GA) at birth and birth weight were 27.9 ± 2.1 weeks and 1171.6 ± 384.9 g, respectively. Paired samples were obtained at a mean postmenstrual age (PMA) of 35.5 ± 1.1 weeks. The range of plasma caffeine concentrations was 9.5–54.1 μg ml−1, with a mean difference (95% confidence interval) between plasma and salivary concentrations of −0.18 μg ml−1 (−1.90, 1.54). Salivary and plasma caffeine concentrations were strongly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.87, P < 0.001). Caffeine PK in plasma and saliva was simultaneously described by a three‐compartment recirculation model. Current body weight, birth weight, GA, PMA and postnatal age were not significantly correlated with any PK parameter.ConclusionsSalivary sampling provides an easy, non‐invasive method for measuring caffeine concentrations. Salivary concentrations correlate highly with plasma concentrations. Caffeine PK in saliva and plasma are well described by a three‐compartment recirculation model.
Child abuse and fabricated or induced illness in the ENT setting: a systematic review
Authors: Rees P. , Al‐Hussaini A. , Maguire S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundChild maltreatment is persistently under‐recognised. Given that a third of maltreated children may return with serious or fatal injuries, it is imperative that otolaryngologists who are in frequent contact with children are able to detect maltreatment at first presentation.Objective of reviewThis review aims to identify ENT injuries, signs or symptoms that are indicative of physical abuse or fabricated or induced illness (child maltreatment).Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyAn all‐language search, developed in Medline Ovid and consisting of 76 key words, was conducted of published and grey literature across 10 databases from inception to July 2015, for primary observational studies involving children aged <18 years.Evaluation methodEach relevant article underwent two independent reviews with full critical appraisal, applying strict quality standards.ResultsOf the 2448 studies identified and screened, 371 underwent full review, resulting in 38 included studies that detailed 122 maltreated children. Pharyngeal perforations (n = 20) were the most frequent abusive ENT injury, predominantly affecting neonates and infants, presenting with dysphagia, drooling, haemoptysis and surgical emphysema. At least 52% of children with abusive pharyngeal injuries had additional co‐existent injuries. The majority of ear injuries were inflicted to the external ear (n = 11) and included auricular deformity, abrasions, petechiae, lacerations and burns. Fabricated or induced illness cases presented most commonly with recurrent, unexplained otorrhoea or ENT lesions that failed to heal despite appropriate therapy.ConclusionsAll clinicians should be familiar with the signs of child maltreatment. Pharyngeal injuries, or injuries to the external ear, presenting in young children without an explicit history of witnessed injury should prompt a child protection referral for full evaluation. Likewise, children who present with recurrent, or apparently intractable symptoms and signs despite appropriate treatment, should raise the possibility of fabricated or induced illness, and discussion with a child protection specialist is advised. Early recognition of possible child maltreatment and instigation of appropriate safeguarding measures are essential to prevent repetition and escalation of injury. This is of paramount importance to otolaryngologists, who have the potential to identify these children in their practice.
Psychological characteristics of patients with asthma
Authors: Bulcun Emel , Turkel Yakup , Oguztürk Omer , Dag Ersel , Visal Buturak S. , Ekici Aydanur , Ekici Mehmet 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionPsychological distress of patients with asthma may be reduced when they learned to live with their illness. Asthma can change the psychological and personality characteristics. We aim to investigate the psychological and personality characteristics of patients with asthma using MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory).MethodsThirty‐three adult patients with asthma (23 female and 10 male) and 20 healthy controls (14 females and 6 males) were enrolled in this study. Psychometric evaluation was made with the Turkish version of the MMPI. The patients were separated into two groups according to the duration of symptoms (recent‐onset asthma < 10 years, long‐standing asthma ≥10 years).ResultsPatients with asthma compared with control group had significantly higher the rate of clinical elevation on depression, hysteria, psychasthenia and social introversion. Patients with recent‐onset asthma compared with long‐standing asthma have significantly higher the rate of clinical elevation on depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, psychasthenia and social introversion. MMPI mean t score in patients with recent‐onset asthma was higher than patients with long‐standing asthma. MMPI mean t score in patients with asthma was negatively associated with the symptom duration in multivariate model.ConclusionsPatients with asthma have relatively more inactivity, anergia, guilt, pessimism, nonspecific physical complaints, irrational fears and introvert. Patients with long‐standing asthma have less psychological distress, suggesting that learned to cope with his illness.
Prognostic factors in kidney transplantation in the septuagenarian: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Saucedo‐Crespo Hector , Haakinson Danielle J. , Croome Kristopher P. , Mai Martin L. , Taner C. Burcin , Heilman Raymond L. , Gonwa Thomas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKidney transplant (KT) programs have extended recipient eligibility to those who were previously excluded due to advanced age. We aimed to determine the outcomes of the patients ≥70 years undergoing KT and investigate factors predicting survival. Two thousand six hundred and twenty‐four KT patients between 2003 and 2013 at two institutions were divided into two groups; those ≥70 years (n=300) and those <70 years (n=2324) at the time of KT. Patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 95%, 86%, and 77% in ≥70 years of age group and 98%, 95%, and 90% in the <70 years group (P<.001). When graft loss due to death was censored, graft survival was not significantly different between the two groups (P=.18). On multivariable analysis, the significant predictors of inferior survival in patients ≥70 years included: body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m2 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07; P=.01), panel reactive antibody (PRA)>20% (HR 2.38; P=.01), previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; HR 1.95; P=.03) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD; HR 2.60; P=.04). Acceptable outcomes can be achieved in KT recipients ≥70 years. Caution should be used when listing these patients if they have BMI>30 kg/m2, PRA>20%, CABG or PVD.
Borderline rejection in ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation
Authors: Sánchez‐Escuredo Anna , Oppenheimer Federico , Solé Manel , Revuelta Ignacio , Cid Joan , Lozano Miguell , Blasco Miquel , Esforzado Nuria , Ricart Maria Jose , Cofán Federico , Torregrosa Josep Vicens , Paredes David , Musquera Mireia , Ercilla Guadalupe , Campistol Josep M. , Diekmann Fritz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe clinical results of ABO‐incompatible (ABOi) and ABO‐compatible (ABOc) kidney transplantation (KT) are similar. Protocol kidney biopsies (PKB) of ABOi transplant recipients show positivity for C4d without evidence of antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR), but little is known about the histologic progression.MethodWe evaluated histologic parameters in PKB at 12 months and also compared clinical outcome at 1 year. This is a prospective observational study conducted between 2009 and 2013. We performed 146/30 ABOc/ABOi consecutive living‐donor KT with PKB as well as additional indication biopsies. In the ABOi group, the desensitization protocol consisted of rituximab, plasma exchange or immunoadsorption, and immunoglobulins.ResultsIn indication biopsies during the first year, T‐cell‐mediated rejection Banff ≥immunoadsorption was 8.2% vs 6.7% (P=.561) and ABMR 4.8% vs 13.3% (P=.095). At 1 year, PKB (ABOc/ABOi) showed differences in borderline rejection lesions (6.8% vs 23.3% [P=.012]) and in C4d positivity in the ABOi group (P=.001). Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) lesions (ABOc/ABOi) were 68.4% vs 63.2% (P=.348). Transplant glomerulopathy was 0.7% vs 3.3% (P=.373) at 1 year.ConclusionsOur PKB ABOi series shows at 1 year more borderline lesions independent of ABO titers, HLA incompatibility, and the presence of antidonor antibody, but do not show more IFTA nor transplant glomerulopathy. No clinical differences were observed between ABOi and ABO transplants.
Guidelines for May‐Grünwald–Giemsa staining in haematology and non‐gynaecological cytopathology: recommendations of the French Society of Clinical Cytology (SFCC) and of the French Association for Quality Assurance in Anatomic and Cytologic Pathology (AFAQAP)
Authors: Piaton E. , Fabre M. , Goubin‐Versini I. , Bretz‐Grenier M‐F. , Courtade‐Saïdi M. , Vincent S. , Belleannée G. , Thivolet F. , Boutonnat J. , Debaque H. , Fleury‐Feith J. , Vielh P. , Egelé C. , Bellocq J‐P. , Michiels J‐F. , Cochand‐Priollet B. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveSince the guidelines of the International Committee for Standardisation in Haematology (ICSH) in 1984 and those of the European Committee for External Quality Assessment Programmes in Laboratory Medicine (EQALM) in 2004, no leading organisation has published technical recommendations for the preparation of air‐dried cytological specimens using May‐Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) staining.Data sourcesLiterature data were retrieved using reference books, baseline‐published studies, articles extracted from PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar, and online‐available industry datasheets.RationaleThe present review addresses all pre‐analytical issues concerning the use of Romanowsky's stains (including MGG) in haematology and non‐gynaecological cytopathology. It aims at serving as actualised, best practice recommendations for the proper handling of air‐dried cytological specimens. It, therefore, appears complementary to the staining criteria of the non‐gynaecological diagnostic cytology handbook edited by the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK‐NEQAS) in February 2015.
Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided tattooing of the pancreas with a minuscule amount of marking solution using a newly designed injector
Authors: Okuzono Toru , Kanno Yoshihide , Nakahori Masato , Aoki Hayato , Sato Shun , Matsuda Tomoki , Chonan Akimichi 
Published: May 2016

Background and AimRecent studies have reported the usefulness of preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fiducial tattooing (EUS‐tattooing) of the pancreas. However, problems of proper procedure, including markers and amounts, have not been resolved. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of EUS‐tattooing with a minuscule amount of marking solution using a new injector.MethodsSix consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐tattooing between June 2013 and April 2015 at our center were retrospectively analyzed (mean age, 60.7 years; males, 4). A 25‐gauge needle was inserted into the surface of the pancreas near the tumor with EUS guidance. Then, 0.02 mL marking solution was injected three to five times (maximal total amount was defined as 0.1 mL). The marking solution used in this study was a compound of aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate and India ink with proportions of 4 to 1. The newly developed injector for precise injection of minuscule amount of solution was used.ResultsAll six patients were successfully injected with the intended amount of marking solution. The tattoo mark was easily detected during surgery and localized in a small area in five patients. In one patient, however, the tattoo mark was not detected during surgery. There were no adverse events, including bleeding, perforation, and acute pancreatitis, by EUS‐tattooing.ConclusionsEUS‐tattooing with a minuscule amount of marking solution using the newly developed injector was feasible and seemed useful and relatively safe. Further studies are warranted to confirm the safety and efficacy of EUS‐tattooing.
Segmenting words from fluent speech during infancy – challenges and opportunities in a bilingual context
Authors: Polka Linda , Orena Adriel John , Sundara Megha , Worrall Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrevious research shows that word segmentation is a language‐specific skill. Here, we tested segmentation of bi‐syllabic words in two languages (French; English) within the same infants in a single test session. In Experiment 1, monolingual 8‐month‐olds (French; English) segmented bi‐syllabic words in their native language, but not in an unfamiliar and rhythmically different language. In Experiment 2, bilingual infants acquiring French and English demonstrated successful segmentation for French when it was tested first, but not for English and not for either language when tested second. There were no effects of language exposure on this pattern of findings. In Experiment 3, bilingual infants segmented the same English materials used in Experiment 2 when they were tested using the standard segmentation procedure, which provided more exposure to the test stimuli. These findings show that segmenting words in both their native languages in the dual‐language task poses a distinct challenge for bilingual 8‐month‐olds acquiring French and English. Further research exploring early word segmentation will advance our understanding of bilingual acquisition and expand our fundamental knowledge of language and cognitive development.
Comprehending text versus reading words in young readers with varying reading ability: distinct patterns of functional connectivity from common processing hubs
Authors: Aboud Katherine S. , Bailey Stephen K. , Petrill Stephen A. , Cutting Laurie E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSkilled reading depends on recognizing words efficiently in isolation (word‐level processing; WL) and extracting meaning from text (discourse‐level processing; DL); deficiencies in either result in poor reading. FMRI has revealed consistent overlapping networks in word and passage reading, as well as unique regions for DL processing; however, less is known about how WL and DL processes interact. Here we examined functional connectivity from seed regions derived from where BOLD signal overlapped during word and passage reading in 38 adolescents ranging in reading ability, hypothesizing that even though certain regions support word‐ and higher‐level language, connectivity patterns from overlapping regions would be task modulated. Results indeed revealed that the left‐lateralized semantic and working memory (WM) seed regions showed task‐dependent functional connectivity patterns: during DL processes, semantic and WM nodes all correlated with the left angular gyrus, a region implicated in semantic memory/coherence building. In contrast, during WL, these nodes coordinated with a traditional WL area (left occipitotemporal region). In addition, these WL and DL findings were modulated by decoding and comprehension abilities, respectively, with poorer abilities correlating with decreased connectivity. Findings indicate that key regions may uniquely contribute to multiple levels of reading; we speculate that these connectivity patterns may be especially salient for reading outcomes and intervention response.
Utilising an innovative digital software to grade pre‐clinical crown preparation exercise
Authors: Kateeb E. T. , Kamal M. S. , Kadamani A. M. , Abu Hantash R. O. , Abu Arqoub M. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundAccurate assessment of dental students' pre‐clinical work is the most critical component of the dental education process. Thus, this study came to investigate the effectiveness of using technology in students’ pre‐clinical work evaluation; by comparing grades generated from a digital assessment software of a prepared tooth and a traditional visual inspection carried out by four calibrated faculty members.MethodsNinety‐six teeth were prepared for a ceramo‐metal crown by fourth year dental students. The four examiners and the digital grading software evaluated independently each preparation once. A random sample of 20 preparations were graded twice to assess intra‐rater reliability. Inter‐class correlation (ICC) was used to measure agreement among the four examiners, and between the examiners and the digital grading software. Paired student t‐test was used to assess the accuracy of grades generated from visual inspection when compared to the digital grading system.ResultsIntra‐rater reliability for examiners 1 and 2 were 0.73 and 0.78 and for the digital grading system was 0.99. The inter‐rater reliability among the four examiners was very good, ICC of 0.76. However, the agreement between scores produced by the examiners and the digital system were mostly in the low to moderate range. The paired t‐test demonstrated statistically significant differences between each examiner and the digital grading by 6—25 grades.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the digital grading system used in this study can reliably scan and compare students’ tooth preparations to a known gold standard. Results of this study suggests that using digital grading will preclude the variability and the subjectivity that usually result from the traditional visual inspection grading.