bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of compression stockings on ankle muscle H‐reflexes during standing
Authors: Espeit Loic , Pavailler Sebastien , Lapole Thomas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionWearing compression stockings (CS) may improve postural stability through additional cutaneous feedback. The aim of this study was to further determine how wearing CS could influence spinal excitability by investigating ankle muscle H‐reflexes.MethodsFifteen subjects were asked to stand barefoot on a rigid floor with their eyes open. H‐reflex amplitude was measured in the soleus (SOL), fibularis longus (FL), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with and without CS. Concomitant M‐waves and baseline electromyographic activity (EMG) were monitored.ResultsBaseline EMG activity and concomitant M‐wave amplitude remained stable across conditions in all tested muscles. Although CS did not affect the H‐reflex in the SOL (+0.8 ± 19.2%; P = 0.77) and FL (–10.0± 33.2%; P = 0.28) muscles, the TA H‐reflex was significantly depressed (–21.9% ± 24.0%; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThese results suggest decreased spinal motoneuron excitability and/or increased presynaptic inhibition of Ia‐afferent terminals through increased cutaneous inputs provided by CS while standing. Muscle Nerve 55: 596–598, 2017
Stress‐driven integration strategies and m‐AGC tangent operator for Perzyna viscoplasticity and viscoplastic relaxation: application to geomechanical interfaces
Authors: Aliguer I. , Carol I. , Sture S. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe paper proposes a stress‐driven integration strategy for Perzyna‐type viscoplastic constitutive models, which leads also to a convenient algorithm for viscoplastic relaxation schemes. A generalized trapezoidal rule for the strain increment, combined with a linearized form of the yield function and flow rules, leads to a plasticity‐like compliance operator that can be explicitly inverted to give an algorithmic tangent stiffness tensor also denoted as the m‐AGC tangent operator. This operator is combined with the stress‐prescribed integration scheme, to obtain a natural error indicator that can be used as a convergence criterion of the intra‐step iterations (in physical viscoplasticity), or to a variable time‐step size in viscoplastic relaxation schemes based on a single linear calculation per time step. The proposed schemes have been implemented for an existing zero‐thickness interface constitutive model. Some numerical application examples are presented to illustrate the advantages of the new schemes proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disentangling overlapping influences of neighborhoods and schools on adolescent body mass index
Authors: Richmond Tracy K. , Dunn Erin C. , Milliren Carly E. , Rosenfeld Evans Clare , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the simultaneous influence of schools and neighborhoods on adolescent body mass index (BMI).MethodsAnalyzing data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12 (n = 18,200), cross‐classified multilevel modeling was used to examine the fixed and random effects of individuals, schools, and neighborhoods on adolescent BMI. Additionally, the ability of school and neighborhood demographics to explain racial/ethnic disparities in BMI was assessed.ResultsThere were 18,200 students nested in 128 schools and 2,259 neighborhoods, with 2,757 unique combinations of schools and neighborhoods. In girls, schools (vojk = 0.18, CI: 0.06–0.33) contributed twice that of neighborhoods (uojk = 0.08, CI: 0.01–0.20) to the variance in BMI, while in males, schools (uojk = 0.15, CI: 0.05–0.30) and neighborhoods (vojk = 0.16, CI: 0.05–0.31) had similar contributions. The interaction of the neighborhood and school random effects contributed significantly to the variance of male and female BMI. Characteristics of neighborhoods and schools explained a large portion of the racial/ethnic disparity in female BMI.ConclusionsIn an analysis of a nationally representative sample including multiple racial and ethnic groups, the BMI variance of adolescent females was associated with schools more than neighborhoods. In males, there was no difference in school or neighborhood association with BMI.
Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence
Authors: Mehta A. , Marso S. P. , Neeland I. J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo review the efficacy, safety, and clinical applicability of liraglutide for weight management from phase III clinical trials.MethodsA search of the English language literature was performed using PubMed search terms: “liraglutide”, “glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist”, and “randomized clinical trial”. Articles and bibliographies relevant to the subject were reviewed and additional references known to the authors were included.ResultsFive randomized, placebo‐controlled trials of liraglutide for weight management were identified. In addition to recommended diet and physical activity, liraglutide consistently resulted in a 4 to 6 kg weight loss, with a greater proportion of patients achieving at least 5 and 10% weight loss compared with placebo. The most common adverse effects were gastrointestinal and primarily occurred early in the treatment course. Comparative data suggest that weight loss with liraglutide is greater than that seen with orlistat or lorcaserin, but slightly less that seen with phentermine/topiramate. Liraglutide 1.8 mg was recently shown to have cardiovascular benefit in a large outcomes trial; applicability of these results for the 3.0 mg formulation in a more diverse weight loss population at high cardiovascular risk is not currently known. Barriers to real‐world clinical use as a first‐line agent include gastrointestinal side effects, high cost, and need for injection.ConclusionsLiraglutide helps to induce and sustain weight loss in patients with obesity. Its efficacy is comparable to other available agents but it offers the unique benefit of improved glycemic control. Additional studies are needed to determine its long term efficacy and safety profile.
25(OH)D status: Effect of D3 supplement
Authors: Lukaszuk J. M. , Luebbers P. E. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundExcess adipose tissue may lead to sequestrating of vitamin D, making it less available for use in the body.ObjectiveThis study determined if overweight or obese individuals (BMI > 25 kg m−2) had insufficient (<30 ng mL−1) levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and, if so, would serum levels respond to exogenous supplementation.MethodsSixty‐three women who were overweight/obese (BMI = 31.07 ± 5.00 kg m−2) were randomly assigned in a double‐blind manner to receive 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 (D3) (n = 31) or a placebo (PL) (n = 32) daily. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by finger‐stick analyses at baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed by using a 2 × 2 (group × time) repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance to determine group differences for pre‐values and post‐values (p < 0.05).ResultsOn day one of the study, both D3 and PL groups had insufficient levels of vitamin D (mean ± SD) 24.03 ± 9.78 ng mL−1 and 23.62 ± 9.77 ng mL−1, respectively. After 8 weeks of supplementation, the D3 group 25(OH)D level rose to a mean of 43.57 ± 10.87 ng mL−1 (p < 0.001) versus the PL group whose 25(OH)D level remained statistically unchanged 24.31 ± 8.84 ng mL−1. Women who were overweight/obese had insufficient vitamin D levels prior to supplementation.ConclusionsFollowing supplementation with 5,000 IU of vitamin D3, all subjects' 25(OH)D levels rose to a sufficient level (≥30 ng mL−1). The findings of this study concur with the Institute of Medicine and Endocrine Society recommendations in that two to three times the daily requirement of vitamin D is required to improve serum vitamin D levels in individuals who are overweight or obese.
The Effect of the Child Support Performance and Incentive Act of 1998 on Rewarded and Unrewarded Performance Goals
Authors: Gerrish Ed 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the Child Support Performance and Incentive Act (CSPIA) of 1998 on child support performance measures that are rewarded financially as well as outcomes that are not rewarded. Three of the five performance measures explicitly rewarded by CSPIA are reconstructed in this analysis, as are two child support outcomes that were considered for financial rewards but were ultimately rejected. Using a panel interrupted time series model with state fixed effects and state‐specific trends, this analysis finds that CSPIA had a statistically positive impact on just one rewarded performance goal, cost‐effectiveness, and negatively impacted an unrewarded child support outcome—collections sent to other states. Effect sizes suggest that CSPIA had little impact on child support performance, on balance. These results provide more evidence to the ongoing debate about the ability of performance incentives to improve public sector performance. It also suggests that reforming performance systems in response to perceived problems may create new gaming responses.
Cancer predisposition syndromes: lessons for truly precision medicine
Authors: Glaire Mark A , Brown Matthew , Church David N , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCancer predisposition syndromes are typically uncommon, monogenic, high‐penetrance disorders. Despite their rarity, they have proven to be highly clinically relevant in directing cancer prevention strategies. As such, they share notable similarities with an expanding class of low‐frequency somatic mutations that are associated with a striking prognostic or predictive effect in the tumours in which they occur. In this review, we highlight these commonalities, with particular reference to mutations in the proofreading domain of replicative DNA polymerases. These molecular phenotypes may occur as either germline or somatic events, and in the latter case, have been shown to confer a favourable prognosis and potential increased benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition. We note that incorporation of these variants into clinical management algorithms will help refine patient management, and that this will be further improved by the inclusion of other germline variants, such as those that determine the likelihood of benefit or toxicity from anti‐neoplastic therapy. Finally, we propose that such integrated patient and tumour profiling will be essential if we are to deliver truly precision medicine for cancer patients, but in a similar way to rare germline mutations, we must ensure that we identify and utilize rare somatic mutations with strong predictive and prognostic effects. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motile and non‐motile cilia in human pathology: from function to phenotypes
Authors: Mitchison Hannah M , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCiliopathies are inherited human disorders caused by both motile and non‐motile cilia dysfunction that form an important and rapidly expanding disease category. Ciliopathies are complex conditions to diagnose, being multisystem disorders characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability with high levels of lethality. There is marked phenotypic overlap among distinct ciliopathy syndromes that presents a major challenge for their recognition, diagnosis, and clinical management, in addition to posing an on‐going task to develop the most appropriate family counselling. The impact of next‐generation sequencing and high‐throughput technologies in the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the biological basis of ciliopathy disorders, enhancing our ability to determine the possible reasons for the extensive overlap in their symptoms and genetic aetiologies. Here, we review the diverse functions of cilia in human health and disease and discuss a growing shift away from the classical clinical definitions of ciliopathy syndromes to a more functional categorization. This approach arises from our improved understanding of this unique organelle, revealed through new genetic and cell biological insights into the discrete functioning of subcompartments of the cilium (basal body, transition zone, intraflagellar transport, motility). Mutations affecting these distinct ciliary protein modules can confer different genetic diseases and new clinical classifications are possible to define, according to the nature and extent of organ involvement. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization reveals NF1 deletions and FGFR1‐activating mutations in a pediatric spinal oligodendroglioma
Authors: Bruzek Amy K. , Zureick Andrew H. , McKeever Paul E. , Garton Hugh J. L. , Robertson Patricia L. , Mody Rajen , Koschmann Carl J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPediatric spinal oligodendrogliomas are rare and aggressive tumors. They do not share the same molecular features of adult oligodendroglioma, and no previous reports have examined the molecular features of pediatric spinal oligodendroglioma. We present the case of a child with a recurrent spinal anaplastic oligodendroglioma. We performed whole exome (paired tumor and germline DNA) and transcriptome (tumor RNA) sequencing, which revealed somatic mutations in NF1 and FGFR1. These data allowed us to explore potential personalized therapies for this patient and expose molecular drivers that may be involved in similar cases.
Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma with rare BRAF V600D mutation
Authors: Greer Ashley , Foreman Nicholas K. , Donson Andrew , Davies Kurtis D. , Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters B. K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundDesmoplastic infantile astrocytoma (DIA) and desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIGs) are rare, massive, cystic and solid tumors of infants usually found in superficial cerebral hemispheres. They manifest prominent desmoplastic stroma, admixed neoplastic astrocytes, primitive‐appearing small cells, and additional neoplastic ganglion cells in the case of DIGs. While v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation is found in up to 50% of pediatric gangliogliomas, two recent studies found that it was rare in DIA/DIGs; we sought to assess BRAF status in DIA/DIGs from our institution.ProcedureDepartmental files from 2000 to 2016 were reviewed to identify cases. Clinical, neuroimaging, histological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) features were assessed; the latter included IHC for astrocytic and neuronal markers and BRAF VE1. BRAF mutational assessment by Sanger and next‐generation sequencing was attempted in all cases.ResultsAll six identified cases (four males–two females; three DIA–three DIG) occurred in children <1‐year old, were large, cerebral‐hemispheric, cystic and solid, and enhancing tumors. Only one case, a DIG with prominent aggregates of neoplastic ganglion cells, showed either BRAF VE1 IHC positivity or mutation by Sanger and next‐generation sequencing (rare c. 1799_1800delinsAT; p. V600D). Four of six archival cases were BRAF VE1 IHC negative, but failed mutational sequencing.ConclusionFive of six classic DIA/DIGs were negative for BRAF mutation; previous series have identified BRAF mutation in two of 18 and one of 14 cases, although all were the more common BRAF V600E. We were unable to find other examples of glial tumors in public databases with this rare BRAF V600D mutation. Identification of BRAF mutational opens the possibility of BRAF‐targeted therapies for the subset of DIA/DIG that clinically progress postresection.
Effects of carbon fillers on the conductivity and tensile properties of polyetheretherketone composites
Authors: King Julia A. , Tomasi Julie M. , Klimek‐McDonald Danielle R. , Miskioglu Ibrahim , Odegard Greg M. , King Todd R. , Sutherland John W. 
Published: November 2016

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)‐based composites are used in aerospace applications due to their high mechanical strengths at temperatures >250°C, excellent chemical resistance properties, and outstanding dimensional stability. In this work, varying amounts of three different carbon fillers (carbon black [CB], graphene nanoplatelets [GNP], and carbon fiber [CF]) were added to PEEK to produce conductive composites for aerospace applications. Researchers extruded, injection molded, and performed electrical and thermal conductivity (TC) and tensile tests on GNP/PEEK, CB/PEEK, CF/PEEK, and CB/CF/PEEK composites. Five formulations could be used for electrostatic dissipative applications: 15 wt% GNP/PEEK, 20 wt% CF/PEEK, 2.5 wt% CB/10 wt% CF/PEEK, and 2.5 wt% CB/20 wt% CF/PEEK. Seven formulations could be used for electrically conductive applications: 30 wt% CF/PEEK, 5 wt% CB/PEEK, 7.5 wt% CB/PEEK, 10 wt% CB/PEEK, 2.5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK, 5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK, and 7.5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK. The most conductive composite produced was 7.5 wt% CB/30 wt% CF/PEEK, which had an electrical resisitivity (1/electrical conductivity) of 0.56 Ω cm, a TC twice that of the neat PEEK, a tensile strength of 145 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 18.4 GPa. Per the authors' knowledge, properties on these GNP/PEEK, CB/PEEK, and CB/CF/PEEK composites have not been previously reported in the open literature. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E807–E816, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mutations in the ERCC2 (XPD) gene associated with severe fetal ichthyosis and dysmorphic features
Authors: Miguet Marguerite , Thevenon Julien , Laugel Vincent , Lefebvre Mathilde , Bourchany Aurélie , Rivière Jean‐Baptiste , Duffourd Yannis , Schaefer Elise , Antal Maria Cristina , Abida Rosalie , Weingertner Anne‐Sophie , Kremer Valérie , Vabres Pierre , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Gonzales Marie , Lipsker Dan , Fraitag Sylvie , Mandel Jean‐Louis , Chelly Jamel , Dollfus Hélène , Faivre Laurence , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Calmels Nadège , El Chehadeh Salima 
Published: November 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Congenital ichthyosis is a condition that includes several distinct subtypes with significant genetic heterogeneity.
Defects in the ERCC2 [xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group D] gene lead to one of several clinical diseases, including XP, trichothiodystrophy, cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome, XP/Cockayne syndrome, and XP/trichothiodystrophy.
What Does This Study Add?

This observation enlarges the phenotypic spectrum of ERCC2 (XP complementation group D) mutations to severe fetal cases and expands the molecular basis of congenital ichthyosis by reporting the prenatal expression of a very rare nucleotide excision repair‐related condition.
Comparison of sample preparation techniques for large‐scale proteomics
Authors: Kuljanin Miljan , Dieters‐Castator Dylan Z. , Hess David A. , Postovit Lynne‐Marie , Lajoie Gilles A. 
Published: November 2016

Numerous workflows exist for large‐scale bottom‐up proteomics, many of which achieve exceptional proteome depth. Herein, we evaluated the performance of several commonly used sample preparation techniques for proteomic characterization of HeLa lysates [unfractionated in‐solution digests, SDS‐PAGE coupled with in‐gel digestion, gel‐eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (GELFrEE) technology, SCX StageTips and high‐/low‐pH reversed phase fractionation (HpH)]. HpH fractionation was found to be superior in terms of proteome depth (>8400 proteins detected) and fractionation efficiency compared to other techniques. SCX StageTip fractionation required minimal sample handling and was also a substantial improvement over SDS‐PAGE separation and GELFrEE technology. Sequence coverage of the HeLa proteome increased to 38% when combining all workflows, however, total proteins detected improved only slightly to 8710. In summary, HpH fractionation and SCX StageTips are robust techniques and highly suited for complex proteome analysis.
Toxin A of the nosocomial pathogen Clostridium difficile induces primary effects in the proteome of HEp‐2 cells
Authors: Junemann Johannes , Birgin Gurbet , Erdmann Jelena , Schröder Anke , Just Ingo , Gerhard Ralf , Pich Andreas 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThis study was carried out to investigate the impact of high concentrations of Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) on the proteome of human cells. It should also be examined whether a catalytically deficient mutant (TcdANXN) has an effect on target cells.Experimental designProteome changes were investigated after treatment of HEp‐2 cells with 20 nM TcdA for 8 h using a triplex SILAC labeling method and shotgun proteomics. Proteins from differently labeled and treated cells were combined for analysis using an HPLC coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.ResultsNearly 4000 proteins were identified in each replicate and 3500 could be quantified by SILAC triplicate analysis. 51 proteins exhibited an altered abundance with 29 up‐regulated and 22 down‐regulated proteins. In contrast, TcdANXN had no provable impact on the protein profile of HEp‐2 cells. Data analysis of regulated proteins revealed that mainly plasma membrane, cell death, cell proliferation and actin cytoskeleton proteins were affected by TcdA treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis proteome analysis showed novel insights of TcdA impact onepithelial cells. Comparison with long‐term treatment studies reveals distinctions in affected cellular processes that will improve the understanding of TcdA functions and might help to find new tools for diagnosis and treatment of CDI.
Self‐organized growth of cubic InN dot arrays on cubic GaN using MgO (001) vicinal substrates
Authors: Ishii Kenichi , Yagi Shuhei , Yaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2016

Cubic zincblende InN (c‐InN) nanoscale dot arrays are grown on cubic GaN (c‐GaN) by RF‐molecular beam epitaxy using MgO (001) vicinal substrates oriented 3.5° toward [110]. The obtained dot arrays have longer ordering length compared with those grown using conventional on‐axis (just) substrates. The c‐GaN underlayer grown on the vicinal substrate exhibits a single‐domain crystalline structure, while that grown on the just substrate is a mixture of two orthogonal crystalline domains. The change in the c‐GaN domain structure leads to the enlarged domain size and lower density of domain boundaries on the c‐GaN (001) surface in [1–10]. The longer ordering length of the c‐InN dot on the vicinal substrates is reflected by the decrease in the c‐GaN domain boundary that disrupts the lateral ordering of the dot arrays.Atomic force microscope image of c‐InN dots grown on a single‐domain c‐GaN. The sample was fabricated using a MgO (001) vicinal substrate.
Carbon nanotube chirality enrichment through chirality‐selective precipitation
Authors: Setaro Antonio , Bluemmel Pascal , Witt Marcus Ulf , Narula Rohit , Reich Stephanie 
Published: November 2016

The interaction with surfactants changes from one carbon nanotube species to the other. We used this to replace non‐ionic surfactants by ionic ones. By fine‐tuning the replacement conditions, we covered some specific nanotubes with non‐ionic surfactants and the others with ionic ones. Addition of salt triggers precipitation of the species suspended by the ionic surfactant; this effectively leads to chiral selective enrichment of a carbon nanotube suspension. We hence produce an (8,4)‐enriched suspension by replacing a polyglycerol‐based custom amphiphile with the commercial SDBS and salting with NaCl.Relative sample composition, before and after the salting‐out procedure.