bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modest Conception of Moral Right & Wrong
Authors: Dannenberg Jorah 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTaking inspiration from Hume, I advance a conception of the part of morality concerned with right and wrong, rooted in the actual moral rules established and followed within our society. Elsewhere, I have argued this approach provides a way of thinking about how we are genuinely “bound in a moral way” to keep our moral obligations that it is both ethically attractive and psychologically realistic. Here, I focus on some implications for our evaluation and criticism of actions, which some may initially find peculiar. Sometimes we should judge of an action that it was (unqualifiedly) right, and the result of flawless reasoning by the agent; and yet, we may also have cause to regard that same action as, in other respects, deeply morally deficient. Using Nomy Arpaly's conception of “responsiveness to right‐making moral reasons” as a foil, I argue that this unorthodox implication leads to more subtle and helpful evaluations of actions—especially actions undertaken in the context of wicked social institutions. The conception also encourages us to take a more conflicted, less confident, attitude toward many of our own righteous and rational actions—and perhaps even toward our capacity for living together by moral rules itself.
Ultraviolet radiation inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics activity
Authors: Perez Aline S. , Inada Natalia M. , Mezzacappo Natasha F. , Vollet‐Filho Jose D. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMitochondria play an important role in cellular function, not only as a major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production but also by regulating energy expenditure, apoptosis signaling, control of the cell cycle, cellular growth, cell differentiation, transportation of metabolites, and production of reactive oxygen species. Interaction with electromagnetic waves can lead to dysregulation or alterations in the patterns of energy activities in the mitochondria. Ultraviolet light (UV) can be found in sunlight and artificial sources, such as lamps. UV radiation can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Besides that, UV radiation is largely used in microorganism disinfection. To establish possible alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, this study proposes to investigate the UV (at two distinct intervals) effects on isolated mitochondria from mice liver to obtain direct responses and selective permeability of the internal membrane information. UVA‐371 and UVC‐255 nm lamps were used to irradiate, at different doses varying from 22.5 to 756 mJ/cm2, isolated mitochondria samples. Mitochondrial respiration pathways were investigated by high‐resolution respirometry, and possible mitochondrial membrane damages were evaluated by mitochondrial swelling by spectrophotometer analysis. UVC irradiation results (in the higher dose) indicate decrease in 75% of mitochondrial bioenergetics capacity, such as limitation of oxidative phosphorylation in 60% and increased energy dissipation in 30%. Mitochondrial swelling experiments (spectrophotometer) indicated inner membrane damage, and consequently a loss of selective permeability. Direct correlation between irradiation and effect responses was observed, mitochondrial bioenergetics is severely affected by UVC radiation, but (UVA) radiation did not present bioenergetic alterations. These alterations can contribute to improving the knowledge behind the cell death mechanism in disinfection UV light and UV therapy such as phototherapy.
Different drought‐tolerance strategies of tree species to cope with increased water stress under climate change in a mixed forest
Authors: Aranda I. , Martin‐Benito D. , Sánchez‐Gómez D. , de Simón B. Fernández , Gea‐Izquierdo G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrees' functional strategies to cope with extreme drought are essential under climate change. In a mixed Mediterranean forest, we analyzed the functional strategy in response to drought of four co‐occurring species (Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster, Juniperus oxycedrus, and Quercus ilex) during two years. Specifically, we assessed functional traits related to tree water status, leaf water relations, and gas exchange. Different trait‐syndrome metrics and the functional strategies under water stress observed suggested a species drought‐tolerance differentiation, with the more anysohidric Q. ilex and J. oxycedrus showing a much higher drought tolerance than the more isohydric P. pinea and P. pinaster. All species recovered from negative leaf turgor reached during peak water stress in summer. Q. ilex and J. oxycedrus kept lower leaf osmotic potentials and lower sensitivity of leaf gas exchange and leaf photochemistry to water stress. In contrast, the pine species exhibited more drought‐avoidant and water‐conservative strategies, yet this behavior was less effective in mitigating water stress's impact on their physiology. The pine species were the most affected by drought, with prolonged near‐zero net photosynthesis during summer. P. pinaster was more isohydric than P. pinea and exhibited a lower capacity to maintain leaf turgor. Physiological processes regulating leaf turgor under drought constitute a key functional strategy involved in the carbon and water‐related mechanisms, ultimately inducing mortality under hot drought. The currently observed mortality dynamics for P. pinaster, and to a lower extent in P. pinea, may be exacerbated by loss of functional homeostasis.
When “symbolic” policy is anything but: Policy design and feedbacks from California's human right to water law
Authors: Rempel Jenny Linder , Dobbin Kristin Babson 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the reality that advocates frequently expend significant resources to pass symbolic policies, this policy design has often been neglected by policy studies scholarship. We combine policy design and policy feedback theory to examine this oft overlooked policy design in practice using the case of California's human right to water law (Assembly Bill 685, or AB 685). Through semi‐structured interviews, archival research, and document analysis, we reveal how grassroots advocates deliberately and effectively pursued AB 685 to build power across the water justice movement and catalyze narrative change about drinking water access, while also building state responsiveness on the topic. These interpretive policy feedback effects then accelerated the policy's resource effects through formal policy changes in funding allocations, administrative structures, and regulatory systems. Collectively, feedbacks from AB 685 have transformed the sociopolitics of drinking water access. Contrary to prevailing wisdom, the policy's ambiguity proved key to building the broad coalition necessary to accomplish these changes, and it facilitated work across policy venues and governance scales through time, which is critical to enacting transformational change. Based on these findings, we argue that symbolic policies merit attention as a potentially advantageous policy design for social movements seeking social change and transformation.
‘Playing the tourist card’: Clandestine solidarity in occupied Timor‐Leste
Authors: Lundry Chris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConcepts of solidarity and justice have become salient in relation to tourism. This article describes clandestine activity in the name of solidarity but under the guise of tourism. When Indonesia opened Timor‐Leste to tourism in 1988, solidarity activists entered as tourists to obtain information and media that would contradict the official Indonesian position on the status of the territory and its people. Maintaining personae, these activists simulated tourist behaviour in order to avoid detection by the authorities. The information and media they gathered was critical in bringing pressure to bear on Indonesia to resolve the conflict.
Trainees as teachers: Building evaluative judgement through peer teaching
Authors: Bearman Margaret , Castanelli Damian J. , Molloy Elizabeth , Ward Natalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile peer teaching is often seen as benefiting learners, it can also benefit peer teachers. One possible mechanism is by building peer teachers' evaluative judgement or their ability to judge the quality of work of selves and others. This qualitative interview study explores how specialty medical trainees build evaluative judgement through peer teaching. It also acts as an illustrative example of researcher positionality within a special series exploring facets of qualitative methodologies.MethodsSeventeen interviews with specialty trainees were recorded and thematically analysed, using qualitative description to stay close to the trainees' views of their experiences. We reflect on our positionality throughout.ResultsTwo thematic categories are interpreted: (1) Peer teaching as uni‐directional. (2) Reflecting on one's own practice through peer teaching develops evaluative judgement.DiscussionFindings suggest the significance of self‐scrutiny in response to teaching dialogues, learner cues or fixing problems, in order to develop evaluative judgement. With respect to positionality, reflection suggests the value of diverse teams, and the need for reflexivity due to the sensitising nature of expertise.
Contesting the American Scripture: The Qur'an as a Critical Foundation of the Liberal Arts in the 21st Century
Authors: von Doetinchem de Rande Raissa A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on recent changes in Rhodes College's Foundations in the Liberal Arts curriculum that were motivated by a desire to help students become competent and engaged debaters of meaning and value in the trying times of the 21st century. I focus on how my own two foundational liberal arts classes—“The Bible* and Nationalism” and “The Bible* and Comparative Ethics”—sought to widen the category of scripture for college students in their value discussions, as well as the benefits and potential limitations of moving away from the Bible as the sole source of moral formation in the American classroom.
Le Ton beau de Xuanzang: Translation as Epistemological Journey
Authors: Taylor Andrew S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis essay shows how one professor teaching “Introduction to Buddhism” sought to counteract his students' view that Chinese and Tibetan forms of Buddhism represented a deviation from a “pure” Indian Buddhism rather than worthwhile forms of creativity and religiosity in themselves. A simple comparative assignment that asked a group of primarily monolingual students from Minnesota to translate a 500‐year‐old French ditty into English helped illustrate the inextricability of form and content, that all translation is interpretation, that translations target specific audiences, and that religious systems that might be intuitively conceptualized as perversions of a pure original can be more charitably understood as valuable systems of thought and practice in their own right. The assignment shows that linguistic translation can be a valuable form of comparative pedagogy in the undergraduate classroom beyond language classes, especially as a proxy for simulating the challenges and possibilities of intercultural translation.
Perspective on donor‐derived infections in Italy
Authors: Grossi Paolo Antonio , Lombardini Letizia , Donadio Raffaele , Peritore Daniela , Feltrin Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundExpected and unexpected donor‐derived infections (DDI) are a rare event in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients but are potentially associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To assure the microbial safety of transplantation, both national guidelines and the current, regional, and local epidemiology of infectious diseases must be considered.MethodsIn the present paper the strategies adopted by the Italian National Center for Transplantation (CNT) since 2003 and their evolution to guarantee the safety of organ transplantation are reported. Starting in 2012 mandatory reporting to the CNT of all adverse reactions was started. The number and type of DDI reported to the CNT are currently being analyzed.ResultsThe infectious diseases second opinion has written and updated the guidelines on the safety of organs for transplantation and supported the Italian transplant network for the use of organs from donors with suspected or documented potentially transmissible infections.ConclusionA transplant safety network was developed in Italy in 2003 and has been updated according to the evolving knowledge and the changing epidemiology. This is an evolving field, and a continuous update of the recommendation is needed.
Is Allosensitization Detrimental to Pig Organ Xenotransplantation, and Is Xenosensitization Detrimental to Subsequent Organ Allotransplantation? A Debate Organized by the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA)
Authors: Knechtle Stuart , Jackson Annette , Ladowski Joseph , Kwun Jean , Mangiola Massimo , Tector A. Joseph , Bühler Léo H. , Cozzi Emanuele , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis report summarizes the content of a debate sponsored by eGenesis Bio, organized by the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA), and attended by more than 150 delegates in the context of the IPITA‐IXA‐CTRMS Joint Congress held in San Diego in October 2023. The debate centered around two important immunological topics relating to xenotransplantation. The first was a debate relating to the statement that “HLA‐sensitized patients are at higher risk for rejecting a pig xenograft.” Stuart Knechtle provided evidence to support this statement and Massimo Mangiola opposed it. Before the debate, a majority (>80%) of the audience agreed with this statement. After listening to the debate, this percentage was reduced to approximately 60%. The second debated statement was “Recipients of pig xenografts who develop anti‐pig antibodies are at higher risk for rejecting a subsequent allograft.” This was proposed by A. Joseph Tector and opposed by Léo H. Bühler. Before the debate, once again a majority of the audience (approximately 60%) believed that prior sensitization to a pig xenograft would be detrimental to the survival of a subsequent allograft. However, after listening to the debate, only about 40% believed this statement to be correct.The topics discussed remain complex and answers are not yet conclusive. However, the present evidence suggests that allosensitization may prove detrimental to subsequent xenotransplantation, whilst sensitization to pig antigens may not be detrimental to subsequent allotransplantation.
Muscle fatigue, pedalling technique and the V̇O2${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ slow component during cycling
Authors: MacDougall Keenan B. , Aboodarda Saied J. , Westergard Paulina H. , MacIntosh Brian R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAbove the first lactate threshold, the steady‐state is delayed or prevented due to the slow component (). This phenomenon has been associated with muscle fatigue, but evidence for a causal relationship is equivocal. Moreover, little is known about the contribution of pedalling technique adjustments to during fatiguing cycling exercise. Eleven participants completed constant power trials at 10% above the second lactate threshold. Muscle fatigue was assessed, utilizing femoral nerve stimulation and instrumented pedals, while , quadriceps oxygenation, electromyography (EMG) and pedal force components were measured. Correlations between physiological and mechanical variables were estimated at group and individual levels. Group correlations revealed moderate values for with quadriceps twitch force (r = −0.51) and muscle oxygenation (r = −0.52), while weak correlations were observed for EMG amplitude (r = 0.26) and EMG mean power frequency (r = −0.16), and with pedalling mechanical variables such as peak total downstroke force (r = −0.16), minimum total upstroke force (r = −0.16) and upstroke index of effectiveness (r = 0.16). The findings here align with prior literature reporting significant correlations between the magnitude of muscle fatigue and that of , although there was large interindividual variability for all the reported correlations. Considering the heterogeneity in the data, it is difficult to determine the relative impact of pedalling technique adjustments on overall, but the present study opens the possibility that in some cases, increases in secondary to technical adjustments may be ‘superimposed’ on the underlying .
Shining a light on
Candida
-induced epithelial damage with a luciferase reporter
Authors: Tesfamariam Millen , Vij Raghav , Trümper Verena , Hube Bernhard , Brunke Sascha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Host cell damage is a key parameter for research in infection biology, drug testing, and substance safety screening. In this study, we introduce a luciferase reporter system as a new and reliable assay to measure cell damage and validate it with the pathogenic yeast,
Candida albicans
, as a test case. We transduced human epithelial cell lines with a lentiviral vector to stably express an optimized luciferase enzyme, Nanoluc. Upon cell damage, the release of cytoplasmic luciferase into the extracellular space can be easily detected by a luminometer. We used the luciferase reporter system to investigate the damage caused by
C. albicans
to different newly generated epithelial reporter cell lines. We found that fungus-induced cell damage, as determined by established methods, correlated tightly with the release of the luciferase. The new luciferase reporter system is a simple, sensitive, robust, and inexpensive method for measuring host cell damage and has a sensitivity comparable to the standard assay, release of lactate dehydrogenase. It is suitable for high-throughput studies of pathogenesis mechanisms of any microbe, for antimicrobial drug screening, and many other applications.

IMPORTANCE

We present a quick, easy, inexpensive, and reliable assay to measure damage to mammalian cells. To this end, we created reporter cell lines which artificially express luciferase, an enzyme that can be easily detected in the supernatant when these cells are damaged. We used infections with the well-investigated fungal pathogen of humans,
Candida albicans
, as a test case of our system. Using our reporter, we were able to recapitulate the known effects of strain variability, gene deletions, and antifungal treatments on host cell damage. This easily adaptable reporter system can be used to screen for damage in infection models with different microbial species, assay cell-damaging potential of substances, discover new non-toxic antibiotics, and many other damage-based applications.
Caregivers’ perceptions of feeding practices and diet diversity among children aged 12–59 months in a rural district of South India: an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: George Neethu , George Meera , Dharmaraj Rock Britto , Rangasamy Madeshwaran Chitra , Gandhi Kaviya , Mahadeavan Lenin , Dhanasekaran Kowsika Suveda , Venkatachalam Keerthanaa , Ramesh Madumitha , Subbhaiyaa Muthu Raaj Kumar Rukmani 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to assess caregivers’ perceptions of feeding practices (breastfeeding and complementary feeding) and diet diversity among children aged 12–59 months in a rural district of South India. The secondary objective was to identify potential predictors of these perceptions and diet diversity.DesignAn analytical cross-sectional study was performed from March 2023 to May 2023.SettingIn a rural district of Tamil Nadu, South India.ParticipantsThis study included 301 mothers/caregivers of children between 12 and 59 months of age in a rural district of Tamil Nadu. The research gathered demographic information from caregivers, including details such as age, educational background, occupation, relationship with the child and place of residence. Additionally, the caregivers’ perspectives were evaluated through a questionnaire focused on breastfeeding/complementary feeding, and the diet diversity of the children was also assessed.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the perceptions of mothers/caregivers of children between 12 and 59 months of age about breastfeeding/complementary feeding practices, and the diet diversity of the children was measured. Additionally, predictors associated with these perceptions were evaluated through regression analysis.ResultsIn the present study, 188 (62.5%) and 179 (59.5%) of the participants had good perceptions of breastfeeding practices and complementary feeding practices, respectively. This binomial regression revealed that subjects with unstable occupations (adjusted OR=2.24, 95% CI 1.25 to 4.01), schooling (7.71, 95% CI 2.73 to 8.9) and higher education (38.32, 95% CI 4.63 to 316.85) had increased chances of having good perceptions of breastfeeding practices. Subjects with unstable occupations (0.23, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.85), stable occupations (0.13, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.51), schooling (0.43, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.74), higher education (0.15, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.50) and increased birth weights (2.54, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.78) had increased chances of having good perceptions of complementary feeding practices (p<0.05). This study revealed that 86.4% of the children had adequate diet diversity.ConclusionThe study revealed that most caregivers, particularly mothers, possess a strong understanding of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, with education and occupation exerting a notable influence. However, there is a crucial necessity to translate this knowledge into practical applications to effectively obtain feeding indicators.
Advancing health equity and the role of digital health technologies: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bitomsky Laura , Pfitzer Estelle Celine , Nißen Marcia , Kowatsch Tobias 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionHealthcare systems around the world exhibit inherent systemic inequities that disproportionately impact marginalised populations. Digital health technologies (DHTs) hold promising potential to address these inequities and to play a pivotal role in advancing health equity. However, there is a notable gap regarding a comprehensive and structured overview of existing frameworks and guidelines on advancing health equity and a clear understanding of the potential of DHTs in their implementation. To this end, our primary objectives are first to identify prevalent frameworks and guidelines that promote health equity and second to pinpoint the contemporary role of DHTs as an avenue for implementing these frameworks and guidelines. This synthesis will guide future DHTs, ensuring equitable accessibility and effectiveness and ultimately contributing to enhancing health equity among marginalised populations.Methods and analysisThis work adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Reviews. To identify pertinent evidence, we will employ seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and WISO) encompassing the fields of medicine, healthcare and social sciences. Moreover, selected grey literature will be considered. We will include primary and secondary studies published in English between 2010 and 2023 that focus on (technology and non-technology-based) frameworks and guidelines for health equity improvement. Each article will undergo an independent assessment for eligibility, followed by the extraction of pertinent data from eligible sources. Subsequently, the extracted data will be subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses, and findings will be presented using narrative and descriptive formats.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is deemed unnecessary for this scoping review, as it involves synthesising existing knowledge. The findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Protocol registrationhttps://osf.io/94pht.