bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney damage and associated risk factors in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rosales Gonzalez Ernesto , Yogeswaran Parimalanie , Chandia Jimmy , Pulido Estrada Guillermo Alfredo , Adeniyi Oladele Vincent 
Published: September 2024

Background
The colliding epidemic of infectious and non-communicable diseases in South Africa could potentially increase the prevalence of kidney disease in the country. This study determines the prevalence of kidney damage and known risk factors in a rural community of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of the Mbekweni Community Health Centre in the Eastern Cape between May and July 2022. Relevant data on demography, medical history, anthropometry and blood pressure were obtained. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Creatinine (CKD-EPICreatinine) equation and the re-expressed four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, without any adjustment for black ethnicity. Prevalence of kidney damage was defined as the proportion of individuals with low eGFR (<60mL/min per 1.73m2). The presence of proteins in the spot urine samples was determined with the use of test strips. We used the logistic regression model analysis to identify the independent risk factors for significant kidney damage.

Results
The mean (±standard deviation) age of the 389 participants was 52.3 (± 17.5) years, with 69.9% female. The prevalence of significant kidney damage was 17.2% (n = 67), as estimated by the CKD-EPICreatinine, with a slight difference by the MDRD equation (n = 69; 17.7%), while the prevalence of proteinuria was 7.2%. Older age was identified as a significant risk factor for CKD, with an odds ratio (OR) = 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.1, p < 0.001). Hypertension was strongly associated with proteinuria (OR = 4.17, 95% CI 1.67–10.4, p<0.001).

Conclusions
This study found a high prevalence of kidney damage (17.2%) and proteinuria (7.97%) in this rural community, largely attributed to advanced age and hypertension, respectively. Early detection of proteinuria and decreased renal function at community health centres should trigger a referral to a higher level of care for further management of patients.
Effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Arisi Tainah Ortiz Pinto , da Silva Diego Silveira , Stein Elana , Weschenfelder Camila , de Oliveira Patrícia Caetano , Marcadenti Aline , Lehnen Alexandre Machado , Waclawovsky Gustavo 
Published: September 2024

Background
Cardiometabolic diseases cover a spectrum of interrelated conditions linked to metabolic dysfunctions and/or cardiovascular disorders, including systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Cocoa is a rich source of dietary polyphenols and has been associated with cardiovascular health benefits. However, beneficial effects of cocoa consumption and appropriate quantities in decreasing cardiometabolic risk factors have yet to be established. Therefore, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) in adults with or without established cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
Our review will include all randomized controlled trials published in English, Portuguese and Spanish with no date of publication restrictions evaluating the effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers selected from the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science and SciELO, and gray literature. Eligible studies must involve adults (age ≥18y), and the consumption of cocoa or dark chocolate (≥ 70% cocoa), include a control group and evaluate blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and lipid or glycemic profiles. We will use risk-of-bias 2 (RoB2) tool to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE system to assess the strength of evidence. Statistical analyses will be performed using RStudio for Windows and R package meta.

Discussion
This meta-analysis will summarize existing evidence on the effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic health in adults. Better understanding the effects of cocoa consumption on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lipid and glycemic profiles can provide valuable insights for health professionals to improve dietary recommendations regarding appropriate quantities.

Trial registration
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023484490.
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis Which Developed During Treatment for Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease: A Case Series of 3 Patients
Authors: Uehara Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Yoshitaka , Akamatsu Taiji , Shimodaira Kazuhisa , Miyajima Masayuki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of a collection of individual gas cysts in the submucosa and subserosa of the intestine. The etiology of PCI is still unclear. We experienced 3 cases with PCI during treatment for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. Each case was treated conservatively. We believe our case series will highlight the importance of examining the gastrointestinal tract of patients with MAC infection and hopefully elucidate the clinical characteristics of PCI which developed during MAC treatment.
Cardiopulmonary adaptations of a diving marine mammal, the bottlenose dolphin: Physiology during anesthesia
Authors: Le‐Bert Carolina R. , Mitchell Gordon S. , Reznikov Leah R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiving marine mammals are a diverse group of semi‐ to completely aquatic species. Some species are targets of conservation and rehabilitation efforts; other populations are permanently housed under human care and may contribute to clinical and biomedical investigations. Veterinary medical care for species under human care, at times, may necessitate the use of general anesthesia for diagnostic and surgical indications. However, the unique physiologic and anatomic adaptations of one representative diving marine mammal, the bottlenose dolphin, present several challenges in providing ventilatory and cardiovascular support to maintain adequate organ perfusion under general anesthesia. The goal of this review is to highlight the unique cardiopulmonary adaptations of the completely aquatic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and to identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of how those adaptations influence their physiology and pose potential challenges for sedation and anesthesia of these mammals.
Overview of dendritic cells and related pathways in autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Zhao Fan , Yu Jing-Sheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. They are widely distributed in various tissues and organs, including the eyes. In the ocular context, permanent DCs are present at the peripheral edge of the retina and the peripapillary area in an immature state. However, during the inflammatory process, DCs become activated and contribute to the development of uveitis. This review focuses on introducing the characteristics and status of DC-induced uveitis, exploring factors that can influence the status of DCs, and discussing feasible methods for treating DCs in both experimental autoimmune uveitis animal models and humans. It emphasizes the importance of further research on molecular pathways and signaling pathways that regulate the function of DCs. For example, investigating molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, which inhibits the B7-CD28 co-stimulatory interaction, can help improve immune homeostasis. The aim is to identify new therapeutic targets and develop targeted strategies for DCs, such as DC vaccine therapy or the use of immune modulators. These approaches can be tailored to the immune characteristics and disease manifestations of individual patients, enabling personalized treatment strategies. This may include the personalized design and precise medication of DC therapy, with the ultimate goal of improving treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse reactions.
PEI/MMNs@LNA-542 nanoparticles alleviate ICU-acquired weakness through targeted autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial protection
Authors: Wang Yun , Xu Yi , Zhao Tun , Ma Ya-Jun , Qin Wei , Hu Wen-Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is prevalent in critical care, with limited treatment options. Certain microRNAs, like miR-542, are highly expressed in ICU-AW patients. This study investigates the regulatory role and mechanisms of miR-542 in ICU-AW and explores the clinical potential of miR-542 inhibitors. ICU-AW models were established in C57BL/6 mice through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and in mouse C2C12 myoblasts through TNF-α treatment. In vivo experiments demonstrated decreased muscle strength, muscle fiber atrophy, widened intercellular spaces, and increased miR-542-3p/5p expression in ICU-AW mice model. In vitro experiments indicated suppressed ATG5, ATG7 and LC3II/I, elevated MDA and ROS levels, decreased SOD levels, and reduced MMP in the model group. Similar to animal experiments, the expression of miR-542-3p/5p was upregulated. Gel electrophoresis explored the binding of polyethyleneimine/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PEI/MMNs) to locked nucleic acid (LNA) miR-542 inhibitor (LNA-542). PEI/MMNs@LNA-542 with positive charge (3.03 ± 0.363 mV) and narrow size (206.94 ± 6.19 nm) were characterized. Immunofluorescence indicated significant internalization with no apparent cytotoxicity. Biological activity, examined through intraperitoneal injection, showed that PEI/MMNs@LNA-542 alleviated muscle strength decline, restored fiber damage, and recovered mitochondrial injury in mice. In conclusion, PEI/MMNs nanoparticles effectively delivered LNA-542, targeting ATG5 to inhibit autophagy and alleviate mitochondrial damage, thereby improving ICU-AW.
Cultural Perspectives on Financial Accountability in a Balinese Traditional Village
Authors: Dewi Anak Agung Istri Pradnyarani , Sudarma Made , Djamhuri Ali , Andayani Wuryan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop accountability practices that harmonize with the local spiritual culture in the Jimbaran traditional village. The current accountability practices are viewed not just as formal procedures but also as informal practices involving moral and ethical relationships with God. An ethnomethodological study integrated withCatur Margaculture as a critical perspective revealed the problem of delays in submitting accountability reports due to the shift in the cultural meaning of “ngayah” and the shift in the implementation of religious ceremonies from spiritual practices to more formal activities. These problems can be addressed by synergizing Catur Marga principles with accountability practices. First, involve community representatives, religious leaders, and traditional elders in the village's financial management, as in regular meetings to align the vision and mission to strengthen the “ngayah” motivation in governance and financial accountability. Second, the traditional village governments must consistently provide Dharmawacana and management accounting training to balance scientific knowledge with traditional spiritual–cultural knowledge. Last is the development of the Catur Marga-based Pararem, which regulates the technical aspects of financial management accountability and should be synchronized with the spirit of devotion to God to preserve the local spiritual culture in the Jimbaran traditional village.
Simulation and experimental analysis of dynamic thermal rise relaxation characteristics for dry-type distribution transformer
Authors: He Dong-sheng , Jia Zhi-dong , Yue Yong-gang , Wang Ji-xiang , Xiong Liu-rang , Xia Shi , Fu Jian-bing , He Fa-wu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The temperature distribution characteristics of dry-type distribution transformers reflect their overall performance and quality. Distribution transformer daily load changes dramatically, its temperature fluctuates within a certain range. However, most of the research results on transformer temperature rise focus on the steady-state temperature characteristics of transformers, and lack of research related to dynamic temperature rise characteristics. This paper carries out a multi-physics coupling simulation and experimental verification of the dynamic temperature rise relaxation characteristics. The simulation uses the “electromagnetic-flow-thermal” multi-physics coupling analysis method to simulate the steady-state temperature rise characteristics and dynamic temperature rise relaxation characteristics of windings under different load rates. Then, this paper also explores the correlation between the dynamic temperature rise relaxation characteristics and load rate at the typical positions of high-voltage windings and low-voltage windings. The results show that the temperature rise of the winding shows the law of increasing the saturation index function with the increase of the load application time at any load rate. A quantitative characterization model of dynamic temperature rise relaxation behavior at different positions of transformer windings is constructed. It is found that the steady-state temperature rise value of different parts of the winding increases regularly as a power function with the increase of load rate, while the constant value of dynamic temperature rise relaxation time in different parts of the winding decreases as a power function with the increase of load rate. The verification results of the quantitative characterization model of dynamic temperature rise relaxation behavior show that the maximum error of the measured and theoretical steady-state temperature rise value is only 1.56 K, and the maximum error of the constant value of dynamic temperature rise relaxation time is only 0.082 h. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance and quality of dry-type distribution transformers, and can help improve their design and operation for better efficiency and safety.
Paradox in the Qurʾān
Authors: Reynolds Gabriel Said 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The question of paradox and its relation to the Qurʾān is largely unexplored. Indeed, modern studies on the Qurʾān have often been shaped by a goal, stated or otherwise, to demonstrate that the Qurʾān has no real logical, or theological, contradictions or inconsistencies. In this article I propose that the Qurʾān thoughtfully uses the category of paradox to instill wonder in the reader regarding the transcendence of God’s nature and God’s will. I do this through an examination of a recent study on paradox in the Gospel of Mark, and then through an examination of five qurʾānic case studies: God’s guidance and misguidance; God’s nature; God’s will and judgment; ethics in the story of al-Khiḍr; and the personification of false gods.
Comparative analysis of household deprivation among Jewish and other religious groups in England and Wales
Authors: Aminaho Efenwengbe Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The health and well-being of some residents in the United Kingdom are quite challenged, as access to some required treatments and support is limited due to some level of deprivation. This study compared the Jewish and other religious groups in England and Wales, to determine households’ deprivation in the health and disability, housing, education, and employment dimensions. This study further investigated the number of households with disabled residents, people living with non-limiting long-term physical or mental health conditions, and unpaid carers. The analysis was based on secondary data (UK 2021 Census data) from the Office for National Statistics. The findings of the study revealed that more households are deprived in the health and disability dimension. This suggests that apart from households that have at least a disabled resident, a few households have residents who are not disabled but their day-to-day activities are limited due to ill-health (bad or very bad health conditions). A high level of deprivation was also observed in the education dimension. Based on the high level of deprivation in the education dimension and the high proportion of households deprived in the health and disability dimension, the UK government needs to look into the health and well-being of these households. In addition, while focusing on larger local authorities (LAs) like Barnet (with a large number of households across LAs), targeted government interventions are needed to improve health and well-being of Jewish households in LAs such as Swansea, Southend-on-Sea, Hackney, Oxford, and Gateshead that have a higher proportion (within the LA) of deprivation in any of the tested dimensions or affected in terms of disability, non-limiting long-term health conditions, or the proportion of unpaid carers.
Eine Tonlampe aus Turza Wielka (ehem. Groß Tauersee) in Nordostpolen. Zu römischen Einflüssen auf das Barbaricum und der Deutung ausgewählter Adaptionen
Authors: Cieśliński Adam , Hegewisch Morten 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird der Altfund einer Grabbeigabe aus Turza Wielka (ehem. Groß Tauersee) präsentiert. Dabei handelt es sich um ein keramisches Objekt, das eine römische Öllampe nachahmt. Der Fund ist bislang in der Forschung eher unbeachtet geblieben, wird hier jedoch intensiver analysiert. Grabkontext, kulturelle Stellung, Datierung und mögliche römische Parallelen werden herausgearbeitet. Zur Deutung der nachgeahmten Öllampe werden die Verwendung von Öllampen im Römischen Reich sowie theoretische Konzepte herangezogen und auf ihre Schlüssigkeit bezüglich des Fundes überprüft.
The artefact from Kwiatków: the earliest spur featuring a zoomorphic motif from the slavic lands
Authors: Piotrowska Magdalena , Podolska-Rutkowska Irena , Rutkowski Wojciech 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 2014, a fragment of a spur was discovered at the site in Kwiatków, Turek District, Brudzew Commune, within section G75, in mechanical layer I. This artefact likely originated from an early medieval burial ground located nearby, with its original site possibly altered due to intensive farming. The presented spur exemplifies extraordinary craftsmanship. This paper is a case study, the purpose of which is to examine the title artefact, while referencing other analogous discoveries. The uniqueness of this artefact lies in the absence of direct parallels to other objects featuring horse motifs of similar chronology. Consequently, an effort has been made to compare the spurs from Kwiatków with those of the Lutomiersk type, specimens with hooked fastenings, and artefacts unrelated to equestrian equipment. Furthermore, an analysis of the ornamentation, including its significance and manufacturing technique, has been conducted. The artefact has also undergone laboratory testing. The results obtained from XRF spectrometry, carried out at the Conservation and Dating Laboratory of the Institute of Archaeology, University of Łódź, were correlated with the results of studies of spurs from Pomerania, Silesia, the upper Elbe River area, and Moravia. Specialised examinations of the Kwiatków spur revealed the presence of zinc as an alloying element. This paper also delves into the manufacturing techniques of the Kwiatków artefact, utilising current findings on the specificity of early medieval crafts. This spur contributes to a collection of similar discoveries associated with the products of communities inhabiting the West Slavic lands. Fragmentarily preserved and lacking contextual dating, the Kwiatków spur has no precise analogues in Polish lands to date. An attempt to classify the artefact resulted in its assignment to technotype I according to J. Żak, suggesting a chronology between the 8th and 9th centuries, corresponding to the pottery found at the Kwiatków site. The presence of these materials and of the title artefact, potentially linked to an early medieval cemetery, significantly enhances our understanding of this period in history.
Assembly of UV-Ozone Reactor to Combat of Coronavirus and Other Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Santos Emerson Roberto , Vendrami Juliana Aparecida , Duarte Antonio Celso , Burini Júnior Elvo Calixto , Onmori Roberto Koji , Hui Wang Shu 
Published: September 2024

The contamination on the surface of objects caused by: fungi, microbes, bacteria and viruses (and also coronavirus) can be solved using UV rays and/or ozone gas. For this reason, a UV-Ozone reactor apparatus with low cost was mounted to test two different types of HID (high intensity discharge) lamps: high pressure mercury vapor lamp (HPMVL) and metal halide lamp (MHL), both with nominal power of 400 watts and E-40 (base, screw) were studied as possible method of disinfection. Each lamp used the respective electromagnetic ballasts and both were manufactured by Osram Company. These lamps have two bulb types: the outer bulb which was removed and it is responsible for filtering the ultraviolet wavelengths and the internal bulb (where there is mercury, argon or metal halide confined at high pressure) that is the main source of ultraviolet rays. The complete apparatus was assembled using: aluminum reflector (used as a chamber), two microcomputer fans and a wooden base covered by an aluminum foil. A rubber strip was placed at the edge of the reflector for better adhesion on the aluminum foil (for better confinement ozone gas). The ozone concentration inside the reactor was measured with a monitor, the temperatures were measured near lamps with a thermocouple and a spectroradiometer with optical fiber was used to obtain the wavelengths. The results revealed to the elapsed time of 2 minutes a maximum peak of ozone concentration of 23 ppm for LVMAP, while the MHL presented 4.5 ppm only. The temperature obtained by HPMVL was lower with 31.5 ºC, while the MHL presented 48.0 ºC. The HPMVL presented higher amount of wavelengths at the ranges: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, while the MHL presented only UV-A. For these reasons, it is suggested to be most promissory the use of HPMVL to combat the coronavirus and other pathogenic microorganisms.
On the generating graph of a finite group
Authors: Mohammed Salih Haval M. 
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we study the generating graph for some finite groups which are semi-direct product ℤ<sub>n</sub> ⋊ ℤ<sub>m</sub> (direct product ℤ<sub>n</sub> × ℤ<sub>m</sub>) of cyclic groups ℤ<sub>n</sub> and ℤ<sub>m</sub>. We show that the generating graphs of them are regular (bi-regular, tri-regular) connected graph with diameter 2 and girth 3 if <em>n</em> and <em>m</em> are prime numbers. Several graph properties are obtained. Furthermore, the probability that 2-randomly elements that generate a finite group <em>G</em> is <em>P</em>(<em>G</em>) = |{(<em>a</em>,<em>b</em>) ∈ <em>G</em>×<em>G</em>|<em>G</em>=❬<em>a</em>,<em>b</em>❭}|/|G|<sup>2</sup>. We find the general formula for <em>P</em>(<em>G</em>) of given groups. Our computations are done with the aid of GAP and the YAGs package.