bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of i‐PRF, A‐PRF+, and EMD on Osteogenic Potential of Osteoblasts on Titanium
Authors: Ramenzoni Liza Lima , Varghese Jothi , Schmidlin Patrick Roger , Mehrotra Shubhankar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe study evaluates three biologically active substances with known bone‐inductive potential on previously decontaminated titanium (Ti) discs.Material and MethodsRough and smooth Ti surfaces were contaminated with a multispecies biofilm and cleaned with a chitosan brush. Discs were treated either with injectable‐platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF), advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF+), or enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs) before osteoblast seeding.ResultsBiocompatibility, adhesion, migration, and gene expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), collagen Type I Alpha 2 (COL1a2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and osteonectin (ON) were performed. All the tested biologic agents similarly increased cell viability. Specifically, osteoblasts seeded over i‐PRF and EMD‐treated surfaces showed improvement in adhesion and migration and significantly increased ALP, OC, ON, RUNX‐2, and COL1a2 mRNA levels up to 2.8 fold (p < 0.05) with no differences between Ti surfaces.Conclusionsi‐PRF and EMD possess beneficial bioactive properties that enhance tissue healing and promote regeneration on thoroughly sterilized surfaces. Biologically active materials may hold the potential to influence the process of implant re‐osseointegration, which warrants more research since sterilization of the affected surfaces under clinical conditions is still not reliably possible and remains one of the greatest challenges.
Factors shaping innovative behavior: A meta‐analysis of technology adoption studies in agriculture
Authors: Konstantinos Chatzimichael , Charoula Daskalaki , Grigorios Emvalomatis , Michail Tsagris , Vangelis Tzouvelekas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study conducts a meta‐regression analysis to synthesize the marginal effects of 12 factors that frequently appear in empirical studies examining farmer's technology adoption behavior. The analysis includes 187 observational studies on technology adoption in agriculture, which are published in 32 peer‐reviewed journals in the broader field of agricultural economics, covering farmer's adoption in 47 countries for a diverse range of agricultural technologies. Using this broad meta‐dataset, we investigate whether each of the 12 determinants has a true effect on technology adoption rates and examine whether Type I and Type II publication bias are present in the adoption literature. Our results reveal that while most determinant factors significantly affect adoption rates, their marginal effects are generally of small magnitude and vary considerably by technology type and country group. Additionally, our results provide evidence of the presence of Type I publication bias in half of the factors considered and Type II publication bias in nearly all, underscoring the need for caution when interpreting results in the adoption literature by researchers and policymakers. Overall, the findings highlight the critical need for proactive measures to address publication bias and promote more transparent and credible research practices in agricultural economics.
A 10‐year Retrospective Clinical Study to Identify Risk Indicators for Peri‐Implant Bone Loss and Implant Failure
Authors: Windael Simon , Collaert Bruno , De Buyser Stefanie , Vervaeke Stijn , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate long‐term survival and success of dental implants and evaluate indicators affecting the long‐term outcome.Materials and MethodsImplant survival, success and crestal bone loss (BL) over time were evaluated. For covariates at patient level, Kaplan–Meier estimates of implant survival were compared between groups with the log‐rank test. Observed mean bone loss (MBL) was plotted as a function of time. Cumulative frequencies of BL were plotted for different post‐op times. Uni‐ and multivariate analysis was performed. Simple linear mixed and multiple linear mixed models for BL at 1, 5 and 10 years were fitted.Results407 patients (221 women, 186 men; mean age 64.86 years (range 28–92, SD 10.11)), with 1482 implants, responded. Absolute implant survival was 94.74%; MBL was 0.81 mm (SD 1.58, range 0.00–17.00) after an average follow‐up of 10.66 years (range 10–14, SD 0.87). Implant survival was influenced on implant level by smoking, implant width and early bone loss (EBL) > 0.5 mm; on patient level by a history of periodontitis. Indicators influencing MBL after the 1st year were abutment height, type of surgery and implant width, while after 5 and 10 years of function were abutment height, EBL > 0.5 mm and smoking.ConclusionImplant survival was significantly affected by a history of periodontitis on patient level and by smoking, implant width and EBL > 0.5 mm on implant level. Late bone loss was significantly affected by abutment height, EBL > 0.5 mm and smoking.Trial Registration: B670201524796
Apply the Laws, if They are Good: Moral Evaluations Linearly Predict Whether Judges Should Enforce the Law
Authors: Engelmann Neele , de Almeida Guilherme da Franca Couto Fernandes , Oliveira de Sousa Felipe , Prochownik Karolina , Hannikainen Ivar R. , Struchiner Noel , Magen Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat should judges do when faced with immoral laws? Should they apply them without exception, since “the law is the law?” Or can exceptions be made for grossly immoral laws, such as historically, Nazi law? Surveying laypeople (N = 167) and people with some legal training (N = 141) on these matters, we find a surprisingly strong, monotonic relationship between people's subjective moral evaluation of laws and their judgments that these laws should be applied in concrete cases. This tendency is most pronounced among individuals who endorse natural law (i.e., the legal‐philosophical view that immoral laws are not valid laws at all), and is attenuated when disagreement about the moral status of a law is considered reasonable. The relationship is equally strong for laypeople and for those with legal training. We situate our findings within the broader context of morality's influence on legal reasoning that experimental jurisprudence has uncovered in recent years, and consider normative implications.
Protection beyond park boundaries: On the impact of systematic patrolling in Divisional Forest Office, Sarpang, Bhutan
Authors: Dhendup Phub , Wangchuk Tandin , Wyatt Alexander , Tenzin Kuenley , Singh Rohit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProtected areas and biological corridors play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity and promoting connectivity between habitat patches. Bhutan, known as a stronghold for tigers (Panthera tigris), has dedicated a significant portion of its land to a network of protected areas and biological corridors. However, these areas face risks from illegal activities, posing challenges for their management. To address this, the Department of Forests & Park Services in Bhutan deployed an adaptive management framework, informed by the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool in 2016 in the Divisional Forest Office, Sarpang, an important corridor area outside of official protected area boundaries. This study analyses 5 years of data (2017–2021) recorded through a monitoring tool to assess changes in ranger activities and on‐ground observations. The results show improved data availability, increased patrol effort, enhanced monitoring of wildlife, and a reduction in threat detection over time. Furthermore, camera trap surveys targeting tigers reveal a potential increase in the number of individual tigers utilizing the corridor since the adoption of the tool and other management actions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of these efforts in a critical wildlife corridor.
Population Size in Evolutionary Biology Is More Than the Effective Size
Authors: Mergeay Joachim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn population genetics idealized Wright‐Fisher (WF) populations are generally considered equivalent to real populations with regard to the major evolutionary processes that influence genotype and allele frequencies. As a result we often model the response of populations by focusing on the effective size Ne. The Diversity Partitioning Theorem (DPT) shows that you cannot model the behavior of a system solely on the basis of a diversity (accounting for unevenness among items) without taking richness into account. I show that the census population size (the number of adults, Nc) is equivalent to a richness, and that the effective size Ne is equivalent to a true diversity. It follows logically from the DPT that we require both Ne and Nc to understand how drift, selection, mutation, and gene flow interact to shape the course of evolution of populations. Here I review evidence that both Nc and Ne affect evolutionary trajectories of populations for neutral and adaptive processes. This also influences how we should consider evolutionary potential and genetic criteria for conservation of populations. The effective size of a population is of huge importance in evolutionary biology, but it should not be the sole focus when population size is concerned. Applied evolutionary studies need to integrate Nc in the equation more consistently when modeling the response to selection, mutation, migration, and drift.
Body mass index of 23 or greater is relevant to hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with harmful alcohol use
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Watanabe Takuya , Yoshida Yuichi , Abe Hiroaki , Yusa Kenji , Sasaki Tokio , Fujiwara Yudai , Abe Tamami , Suzuki Akiko , Endo Kei , Oikawa Takayoshi , Sawara Kei , Miyasaka Akio , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSteatotic liver disease, characterized by a combination of metabolic dysfunction, alcohol use, or specific etiologies, is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. However, the role of metabolic dysfunction in chronic liver disease with harmful alcohol use remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with harmful alcohol use.MethodsOver a 2‐year period, we registered patients with harmful alcohol use, defined by an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of 8 or higher. We retrospectively analyzed background information, blood test results, ultrasound‐guided attenuation parameter (attenuation coefficient), and liver stiffness measurement. Hepatic steatosis was defined as attenuation coefficient ≥0.65 dB/cm/MHz, and fibrosis as liver stiffness measurement ≥7.5 kPa.ResultsThe study included 131 patients (82% men, median age 59 years). Linear regression analysis revealed significant associations with attenuation coefficient for body mass index ≥23 (0.08, p < 0.0001) and age (−0.002, p = 0.002). Liver stiffness measurement was associated with body mass index ≥23 (2.52, p = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (0.02, p = 0.0189), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (0.008, p < 0.0001), platelet count (−0.02, p = 0.001), and prothrombin international normalized ratio (26.40, p < 0.0001). Among the four groups classified by the presence or absence of steatosis and fibrosis, patients with fibrosis, but without steatosis, demonstrated the lowest liver reserve. In contrast, patients with both steatosis and fibrosis showed higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels.ConclusionsBody mass index is associated with both hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with harmful alcohol use.
Evaluation of bacterial anti‐adhesion and sustained antimicrobial abilities of chlorhexidine gluconate‐loaded phase‐transited lysozyme nanoparticle suspension on dentine: An ex vivo study
Authors: Li Rong , Wu Jiaxin , Cheng Yu , Sun Guangxu , Zhao Jiange , Zhang Xu , Yang Jing , Que Kehua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate‐loaded phase‐transited lysozyme (CHG@PTL) coating on inhibiting bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in an ex vivo root canal dentine model.MethodologyThe physicochemical and structural characteristics of CHG@PTL nanoparticle suspension and its coating formed on the dentine surface were analysed by thioflavin T fluorescence assay, transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The sustained chlorhexidine release profile of the CHG@PTL coating on the dentine surface was compared with that of the 2% CHG solution. By comparing with phosphate‐buffered saline, 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% CHG solutions, the sustained antibacterial ability of the CHG@PTL coating and its effects on adhesion and biofilm formation of three types of bacteria (E. faecalis, S. mutans, and A. viscous) were analysed in ex vivo root canal dentine models using the serial plate transfer test (SPTT) and CLSM with live/dead bacterial staining, respectively.ResultsCHG promoted the lysozyme protein to form a higher proportion of β‐sheet structure during phase transition. In the CHG@PTL nanoparticle suspension, characteristic drug‐loaded nanospheres with a high concentration of CHG molecules inside and an outer PTL nanofilm were observed, and they formed a thinner and tighter coating on the dentine surface. The CHG@PTL coating on the dentine surface showed a significantly higher cumulative release amount of chlorhexidine than that of 2% CHG (p < .05). The results of SPTT showed that the CHG@PTL coating had a longer antibacterial duration than the control groups. After 12 h of incubation, a higher number of bacteria were agglutinated on the CHG@PTL coating surface compared to the control groups (p < .05). After 7 days of incubation, the number of agglutinated bacteria significantly decreased. At two time points, the percentage of dead bacteria on the CHG@PTL coating surface was the highest among all experimental groups based on CLSM observation (over 99.9% for all three bacteria, p < .001).ConclusionsCHG@PTL nanoparticle suspension could form an antimicrobial coating on the surface of dentine with a novel ‘agglutinating bacteria and sterilizing’ mode.
Bubble plume effects on the flotation kinetics of nonmetallic inclusions based on experimental observations
Authors: Falsetti Luís Otávio Z. , Charruault Florian , Delfos René , Luchini Bruno , van der Plas Dirk , Pandolfelli Victor C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSteelmaking has shown an increasing concern toward nonmetallic inclusions, leading to new technologies in the secondary metallurgy of steel. Although the typical inclusion removal procedure is by injecting inert gas into the ladle, this vessel does not fulfill all the requirements to accept a porous structure tailored to produce “clean steels.” Consequently, the spotlight has moved to the tundish, the last vessel before solidification, in which gas injection can continuously operate. Therefore, this work focuses on understanding the influence of typical gas flow rates (10–60 NL/min) on the kinetics of inclusion flotation, considering two bubble diameters (0.6 and 1.1 mm). For this purpose, experimental measurements were conducted in a water model, where glass hollow spheres played the role of inclusions, and their concentration was fitted by an exponential decay. In general, injecting bubbles into the system contributed positively to a faster and greater flotation of particles. The smaller bubbles led to a higher maximum efficiency, whereas the larger ones allowed a shorter time scale (i.e., a faster removal), defining a trade‐off to tune the bubble size. Regarding the gas flow rate, the results indicate an optimum range to decrease the time scale, and suggestions for bubble curtains in tundishes are drawn.
Effect of long‐chain inulin on the rheological properties, water state, gluten structure, and microstructure of frozen dough
Authors: Peng Huainan , Wang Xin , Chen Keying , Yue Chonghui , Wang Libo , Bai Zhouya , Han Sihai , Zhang Zijing , Guo Jinying , Luo Denglin 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effects of long‐chain inulin (FXL) on the water state, rheological properties, gluten depolymerisation, and microstructure of frozen dough. The results suggested that FXL improved the water state and rheological properties of the frozen dough. It also significantly enhanced the proportion of bound water, G′, G″ value, and the pasting properties of the frozen dough. FXL effectively increased the content of disulfide bonds, α‐helix, and β‐sheet structures in gluten, thereby enhancing its thermal stability and inhibiting depolymerisation. Microstructure results demonstrated that FXL improved the continuity and uniformity of the gluten‐starch network structure in frozen dough, effectively reducing the mechanical damage caused by ice crystals. The addition of 1 g/100 g FXL better alleviate the deterioration of frozen dough quality during frozen storage and improved its overall quality. These results indicated that FXL can be used as a promising cryoprotectant in frozen dough.
Dutasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, could be associated with the exacerbation of inflammation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Inamura So , Fukiage Yusuke , Kobayashi Hisato , Tsutsumiuchi Manami , Seki Masaya , Taga Minekatsu , Fukushima Masato , Kobayashi Motohiro , Yokoyama Osamu , Terada Naoki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundα‐1 blockers and dutasteride are widely used as agents to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); the impact of these drugs on prostatic inflammation is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the impact of α‐1 blockers and dutasteride treatment of BPH in terms of the degree of prostatic inflammation.Materials and MethodsTissue specimens were obtained from 143 BPH patients who were administered α‐1 blockers up until their operation. Thirty‐three of the patients had also been treated with dutasteride before the procedure. The degree of prostatic inflammation was quantified histologically by the ratio of high endothelial venule (HEV)‐like vessels. We divided this retrospective cohort into α‐1 blocker monotherapy and combination therapy (α‐1 blockers + dutasteride) groups and evaluated clinical parameters of the two groups in relation to the degree of chronic prostatic inflammation. At the same time, we assessed factors exacerbating chronic prostatic inflammation.ResultsComparison of the monotherapy and combination therapy groups showed no significant differences in the parameters of the urodynamic study or degree of chronic prostatic inflammation, whereas the IPSS total score, voiding subscore, nocturia, intermittency, weak stream, and straining were significantly lower in the combination than the monotherapy group. The duration of α‐1 blockers administration was not correlated with the ratio of HEV‐like vessels, while that of dutasteride was strongly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.595; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the duration of dutasteride administration was a key factor exacerbating the degree of chronic prostatic inflammation.ConclusionsThe present study showed that despite their ameliorating effect on prostatic hyperplasia, dutasteride contributed significantly to chronic prostatic inflammation.
Molecular characterization of a novel thioredoxin‐related transmembrane protein gene AcTMX3 that plays important roles in antioxidant defence in Arma chinensis diapause
Authors: Luo Qiaozhi , Mao Jianjun , Li Yuyan , Wang Mengqing , Zhang Lisheng , Shen Zhongjian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProtein disulphide isomerase (PDI) possesses disulphide isomerase, oxidoreductase and molecular chaperone activities, and is involved in regulating various physiological processes. However, there are few studies on the function in insect diapause. In this study, we cloned one novel member PDI family (TMX3, thioredoxin‐related transmembrane protein 3) in Arma chinensis. The AcTMX3 encodes 426 amino acids that contains a predicted N‐terminal signal sequence, a thioredoxin‐like domain with the CXXC active site and a potential transmembrane region, which are typical sequence features of TMX3. RT‐qPCR results showed that AcTMX3 was mainly expressed in the head under non‐diapause conditions, while AcTMX3 was highly expressed in the fat body (central metabolic organ) under diapause conditions. Moreover, temporal expression profile showed that compared with non‐diapause conditions, diapause conditions significantly induced AcTMX3 expression, and the expression of AcTMX3 was enhanced at 15°C. Silencing AcTMX3 in A. chinensis significantly inhibited the expression of antioxidant genes (AcTrx2 and AcTrx‐like), increased the content of H2O2 and ascorbate and reduced the survival rate of A. chinensis under diapause conditions. Our results suggested that AcTMX3 played an important role in the resistance of A. chinensis to oxidative stress under diapause conditions.
Gut microbiome‐derived metabolites in Alzheimer's disease: Regulation of immunity and potential for therapeutics
Authors: Chandra Sidhanth , Vassar Robert J. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and cause of dementia. Despite the prevalence of AD, there is a lack of effective disease modifying therapies. Recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) may play a role in AD through its regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Gut microbes regulate physiology through their production of metabolites and byproducts. Microbial metabolites may be beneficial or detrimental to the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the role GMB‐derived metabolites play in AD may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, we summarize the function of bioactive GMB‐derived metabolites and byproducts and their roles in AD models. We also call for more focus on this area in the gut–brain axis field in order to create effective therapies for AD.
Inno4Vac Workshop Report Part 2: RSV‐Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) Strain Selection and Immune Assays for RSV CHIM Studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK
Authors: Waldock Joanna , Cox Rebecca J. , Engelhardt Othmar G. , Ascough Stephanie , Osterhaus Albert , Rimmelzwaan Guus F. , Ludlow Martin , Tregoning John S. , McDonald Jacqueline U. , Buchholz Ursula J. , Jeeninga Rienk E. , Sande Charles. , Chiu Christopher 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTControlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid assessment of vaccines or drug treatments. There is increasing interest in using CHIMs for vaccine development and an obvious need for widely available and fit‐for‐purpose challenge agents. Inno4Vac is a large European consortium working towards accelerating and de‐risking the development of new vaccines, including development of CHIMs for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and Clostridium difficile. This report (in two parts) summarises a workshop held at the MHRA in 2021, focused on how to select CHIM candidate strains of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) based on desirable virus characteristics and which immune assays would provide relevant information for assessing pre‐existing and post‐infection immune responses and defining correlates of protection. This manuscript (part 2) summarises presentations and discussions centred around RSV CHIMs and immune assays (an additional manuscript summarises influenza CHIM and immune assays: Inno4Vac workshop report Part 1: Controlled human influenza virus infection model (CHIVIM) strain selection and immune assays for CHIVIM studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK).