bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Villa Savoye. Permanencias y transformaciones
Authors: Carrau Carbonell Teresa 
Published: March 2016

Resumen: El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno y su conservación es un tema de actualidad, no solo desde el punto de vista teórico sino también desde el práctico, ya que la arquitectura de principios del s.XX lleva tiempo necesitando y asumiendo intervenciones para mantenerlas en pie. Se escoge como tema de estudio la vivienda, como arquetipo estudiado por los grandes del Movimiento Moderno y concretamente la villa Savoye como paradigma del Estilo Internacional. Así, con la investigación de este modelo se pretende sacar conclusiones para la conservación de la herencia de Le Corbusier asegurando su permanencia en las generaciones futuras. Se ha realizado un análisis de la villa Savoye por etapas de tiempo. Cada periodo se ha estudiado a través de unos parámetros comunes, obteniéndose una panorámica de la evolución de los elementos que la forman y de su globalidad. Los resultados de este análisis permiten hacer un estudio comparativo entre la villa original, la villa en sus distintas etapas y el estado actual, precisando qué es lo que realmente queda de la villa de 1930. De esta aportación surgen preguntas y reflexiones: ¿importa la conservación de la materia original en la permanencia de un hito? ¿es aceptable una máquina para habitar que no se puede habitar? ¿qué prevalece: la autenticidad arquitectónica o a la autenticidad histórica en la conservación de las obras de Le Corbusier? Abstract: The Heritage of the Modern Movement and its conservation is a current topic, not only from the theoretical point of view but also from the practical, that is because the early twentieth century architecture has been needing and assuming interventions to keep up. It is chosen as a subject of study the housing, as well studied by the great archetype of the modern movement and specifically the Villa Savoye as a paradigm of the International Style. Thus, the investigation of this model is to draw conclusions for the preservation of the heritage of Le Corbusier ensuring its permanence in future generations. It has conducted an analysis of the Villa Savoye through stages of time. Each period has been studied through common parameters, giving an overview of the evolution of the elements that shape it and its entirety. The results of this analysis can make a comparative study between the original villa, the villa in its different stages and the current status, specifying what really remains of the villa of 1930. This contribution questions and thoughts arise: Does it matter the conservation of the original matter in the permanence of a milestone? Is it acceptable to inhabit a machine that you can not live in? Architectural authenticity prevails against the historical authenticity in the conservation of the works of Le Corbusier?Palabras clave: Savoye; evolución; permanencia; intervención; patrimonio. Keywords: Savoye; evolution; permanence; intervention; heritage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.523
A Critical Review on the Major Conceptual Strands/debates on the Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and Improved Social Livelihoods
Authors: Mukono Danstan , Sambaiga Richard Faustine 
Published: March 2016

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">The problem of climate change has attracted different approaches on how best to tackle it. Equally, at the level of theorization and conceptualization, it has attracted a fierce debate on how to interpret, analyze, and suggest the best approach which seems to improve the social livelihoods of the main actors who directly depends on forest resources. This paper intends albeit in a brief manner to synthesis various theoretical and conceptual issues which explicitly or implicitly inform REDD+ as a new sustainable intervention in conserving forest and improving people’s social livelihoods. At the same time, each approach is critically analyzed to see its strength and weakness in addressing the key issue of improving social livelihood taking into account power dynamics. And lastly, it points out the conceptual framework which at least illuminates the manner in which to apprehend the power dynamics and agency play out in REDD+ interventions. </span></p>
Tipologia de sistemas de produção leiteiros baseado nas características produtivas e de manejo na Região Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Lange Maichel Jhonattas , Zambom Maximiliane Alavarse , Ramos Carlos Eduardo Crispim de Oliveira , Castagnara Deise Dalazen , Bánkuti Ferenc Istvan , Neumann Marcelo Eduardo , Brito Marcel Moreira de , Tinini Rodrigo Cesar dos Reis 
Published: March 2016

<p>A produção de leite no Brasil é de natureza complexa, pois depende de uma base constituída de elevado número de produtores de baixa escala de produção e grande diversidade de estratégias. Nos últimos anos, essa cadeia produtiva tem sofrido consideráveis modificações estruturais, aumentando a necessidade do conhecimento e caracterização da atividade. Desta forma, o objetivo proposto neste estudo foi caracterizar propriedades rurais segundo aspectos produtivos a fim de identificar os diferentes sistemas de produção de bovinos leiteiros do Oeste do Paraná. Para tanto, foram realizadas 735 entrevistas através de questionários semiestruturados, com produtores de leite, utilizando um questionário guia referente às práticas de manejo da diversidade dos sistemas de produção. Os dados foram tabulados e tratados no programa estatístico <em>SPSS-v.18, </em>utilizou-se a análise de correspondências múltiplas – ACM e análise de conglomerados (<em>cluster hierárquico</em>). As duas primeiras dimensões agruparam 71,9% da inércia, sendo a DIM1 49,4% e a DIM2 22,5%. Utilizando a análise de cluster, formaram-se cinco grupos distintos e homogêneos (G1, G2, G3, G4 e G5) de sistemas de produção. Esses sistemas tinham em comum serem propriedades de pequeno porte e de apresentarem em sua maioria mão-de-obra familiar. Conclui-se que existem diferentes grupos de produtores de leite no município, com relação às características dos sistemas de produção no que diz respeito à estrutura da propriedade, plantel e maneira como os produtores mobilizam e atuam sobre os fatores de produção, a tipologia realizada a partir dessas características se mostra uma ferramenta útil na ação da assistência técnica e na definição de estratégias por parte da indústria.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Pratiques juridiques et idéologies langagières dans un tribunal non officiellement multilingue
Authors: Hoffman Katherine E. , Broué Catherine 
Published: March 2016

Au Maroc, les tribunaux demeurent le Saint Graal des militants amazighs qui souhaitent la légitimation institutionnelle du tamazight (langue berbère ou langue amazighe) et cherchent à mettre fin aux discriminations linguistiques et à la domination arabe dans les administrations. Les pratiques juridiques en langue vernaculaire tamazight ne sont régies par aucune politique étatique officielle, et c’est plutôt la langue arabe qui domine les affaires judiciaires. Pourtant, comme je le soutiens dans le présent article, l’ « État » emploie des individus, en particulier des juges et des officiers d’état civil, dont certains utilisent des variétés régionales de tamazight dans le cadre de leur travail, notamment pour enregistrer les mariages dans le cadre de tribunaux coutumiers ambulants, procédures qui ont fait l’objet de mes enquêtes sur le terrain et d’entrevues. Les pratiques et les idéologies langagières des juges méritent l’attention de quiconque souhaite étudier l’économie de la langue dans la politique marocaine, notamment en raison du statut élevé de ces représentants de l’État et du respect dont ils sont auréolés. Le personnel juridique obéit aux nécessités politiques en fonction de contraintes et de possibilités locales – notamment linguistiques – et, ce faisant, contribue à modeler l’ensemble des choix politiques en matière de langue au Maroc.
Marchés linguistiques autochtones
Authors: Dorais Louis-Jacques 
Published: March 2016

Cet article cherche à examiner le fonctionnement de quatre marchés linguistiques (selon la définition de Bourdieu) : trois en contexte inuit (Nunavut, Nunavik, Groenland) et un en milieu amérindien (chez les Hurons-Wendat). Nous essayons de comprendre jusqu’à quel point les langues indigènes constituent un capital dont la possession dote leurs locuteurs d’une agencéité économique et politique potentiellement moins efficace que celle des locuteurs des langues véhiculaires, renforçant ainsi les hégémonies issues du colonialisme. A contrario, nous nous demandons également si, au-delà des simples considérations économiques, les langues ne contribuent pas à accroître le capital symbolique de ceux qui les parlent (jouant ainsi un rôle anti-hégémonique), même quand ceux-ci constituent une minorité. En dernière instance cependant, une langue minoritaire peut-elle survivre sans le soutien d’une base économique et politique favorable ?
Les frontaliers sur le marché linguistique luxembourgeois
Authors: Franziskus Anne 
Published: March 2016

Dans cette note de recherche sont proposées quelques pistes de réflexion sur la forte présence de frontaliers dans le marché de l’emploi luxembourgeois et la demande complexe en compétences linguistiques exigées par les entrepreneurs. Il existe en effet un décalage entre les besoins de la part des entreprises et les compétences disponibles de cette main-d’oeuvre. Plus concrètement, l’article s’appuie sur une étude ethnographique menée dans trois entreprises : un supermarché, une entreprise de distribution de bureau de matériel et une entreprise informatique. Tout d’abord la perspective des responsables quant aux exigences qu’ils posent à leur main d’oeuvre est présentée. Ces discours montrent que le luxembourgeois est la langue la plus convoitée pour les entreprises ancrées dans le contexte local. Ensuite sont mises en évidence les stratégies de compensation mises en oeuvre pour pallier le manque de main d’oeuvre compétente en cette langue. Finalement, le décalage entre les discours managériaux et le vécu des employés frontaliers et les tensions qui existent au sein de l’entreprise sont décrits par le biais du cas d’une entreprise de distribution.
Le cimetière des « Éléphants noirs »
Authors: Soldani Jérôme 
Published: March 2016

Des affaires judiciaires de matchs truqués liés aux paris touchent régulièrement la ligue taïwanaise de baseball professionnel depuis le milieu des années 1990. Elles impliquent chaque fois un grand nombre de joueurs et d’entraîneurs, des personnalités politiques locales et des membres de la police. L’acte de tricherie constitue une rupture du contrat moral qui lie les joueurs professionnels à leurs supporters. Ces joueurs sont le plus souvent désignés par l’animal emblématique de leur club auquel est attachée l’épithète « noir », qui souligne la perception négative de ces agissements et les relie implicitement aux organisations criminelles qui contrôlent le milieu des paris. Ces pratiques de corruption sont imbriquées aux réseaux étendus d’interconnaissance dans lesquels les joueurs s’inscrivent. Ces derniers se trouvent ainsi pris entre plusieurs espaces d’obligations sociales et sous la menace d’une radiation à vie de la ligue. Une analyse des matchs truqués relatifs aux paris permet d’appréhender comment les valeurs morales structurent la pratique du baseball à Taïwan et la façon dont elles sont négociées.
Les déterminants de la croissance des essaimages académiques1
Authors: Bessière2 Véronique , Gomez-Breysse Marie , Messeghem Karim , Ramaroson Andry , Sammut Sylvie 
Published: March 2016

Les essaimages académiques se sont fortement développés en France depuis le début des années 2000. Cependant, malgré ce développement, la compréhension de leur processus de croissance et la durabilité de cette croissance restent peu explorées. À partir d’un échantillon de 118 essaimages académiques français de la même génération, cet article analyse les facteurs qui déterminent leur croissance au-delà de leur 5e année d’existence. Ces facteurs sont dérivés de l’approche par les ressources et des capacités dynamiques. Les résultats de notre étude quantitative montrent que 5 facteurs expliquent la croissance des essaimages académiques étudiés : l’orientation entrepreneuriale (et plus largement les ressources cognitives), l’acquisition de compétences tout au long du processus entrepreneurial, le montant des fonds levés (publics et privés), la capacité technologique et l’accompagnement.
Comparative study of scintillation properties of Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2ZrCl6
Authors: Saeki Keiichiro , Fujimoto Yutaka , Koshimizu Masanori , Yanagida Takayuki , Asai Keisuke 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The photoluminescence and scintillation properties of Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2ZrCl6 crystals were investigated. Two emission bands in the photoluminescence spectra were observed at 375 and 435 nm for the Cs2HfCl6 crystal and at 440 and 479 nm for the Cs2ZrCl6 crystal. Similar spectra were observed for radioluminescence. The decay time constants were found to be about 2.2 and 8.4 µs for Cs2HfCl6 and 1.5 and 7.5 µs for Cs2ZrCl6. The scintillation light yields were estimated to be 27,500 and 25,100 photons/MeV for Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2ZrCl6, respectively.
Effect of surrounding gases and water vapor on the induced electric current associated with a laser-induced plasma
Authors: Matsuta Hideyuki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The effect of surrounding gases and water vapor on the laser-induced electric current was investigated. Laser-induced plasma was generated on an aluminum alloy target. The laser-induced plasma was optically examined to estimate the excitation temperature and electron density in room air. There was a linear relationship between the maximum amplitude of the laser-induced current and the electron density. As the electron mean free path of the surrounding gas increased, the observed amplitude of the current increased. The amplitude of the induced current signal in dry air became maximum upon mixing with the optimum amount of water vapor. This enhancement of the induced current signal might be due to the large relative permittivity of water vapor. The laser-induced plasma as a whole seems to be a low-temperature plasma consisting of electrons, a large amount of cold surrounding gas, injected hot atoms, hot ions, and hot particles.
Recent results for concentrator photovoltaics in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Takamoto Tatsuya , Araki Kenji , Kojima Nobuaki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We summarize the Europe–Japan Collaborative Research Project on Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV); NGCPV Project (a New Generation of Concentrator PhotoVoltaic cells, modules and systems). The aim of this project was to accelerate the move to very high efficiency and lower cost CPV technologies and to enhance the widespread deployment of CPV systems. Seven European partners and nine Japanese partners have contributed to this international collaboration. The following objectives have been reached: 1) a CPV cell with InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs three-junction world-record efficiency of 44.4% has been developed by Sharp, 2) 50 kW and 15 kW CPV plant operations with an average DC efficiency of 27.8% have been demonstrated in Spain (since mid-2012), 3) a new “Intrepid” CPV module with 31.3% efficiency has been developed by Daido Steel, 4) standard measurement of CPV cells has been established by FhG-ISE and AIST, and 46.0% efficiency has been confirmed for the direct-bonded GaInP/GaAs/GaInAsP/GaInAs four-junction solar cell under this project, 5) the fundamental research on novel materials and structures for CPV has also been conducted.
Self-stabilization techniques for intermediate power level in stacked-Vdd integrated circuits using DC-balanced coding methods
Authors: Kohara Yusuke , Kubo Naoya , Nishiyama Tomofumi , Koizuka Taiki , Alimudin Mohammad , Rahmat Amirul , Okamura Hitoshi , Yamanokuchi Tomoyuki , Nakamura Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Two new parallel bus coding methods for generating a DC-balanced code with additional bits are proposed to achieve the self-stabilization of the intermediate power level in Stacked-Vdd integrated circuits. They contribute to producing a uniform switching current in parallel inputs and outputs (I/Os). Type I coding minimizes the difference in the number of switchings between the upper and lower CMOS I/Os by 8B/10B coding followed by toggle conversion. Type II coding, in which the multi-value running disparity control feature is integrated into the bus-invert coding, requires only one redundant bit for any wider bus. Their DC-balanced feature and the stability effect of the intermediate power level in the Stacked-Vdd structure were experimentally confirmed from the measurement results obtained from the developed test chips.
First-principles study of defect formation in the photovoltaic semiconductor Cu2SnS3 for comparison with Cu2ZnSnS4 and CuInSe2
Authors: Nishihara Hironori , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Shigemi Akio , Wada Takahiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The formation energies of neutral Cu, Sn, and S vacancies in monoclinic Cu2SnS3 were calculated by first-principles pseudopotential calculations using plane-wave basis functions in typical points in a schematic ternary phase diagram of a Cu–Sn–S system. The formation energy of a Cu atom vacancy in Cu2SnS3 under the Cu-poor condition has been calculated to be 0.23 eV, which is considerably smaller than those of Sn and S vacancies in Cu2SnS3. The results have been compared with those in Cu2SnZnS4 and CuInSe2 calculated with the same version of program code. The formation energy of a Cu atom vacancy in Cu2SnS3 under the Cu-poor condition is smaller than those for Cu2SnZnS4 (0.40 eV) and CuInSe2 (0.50 eV). The results indicate that Cu vacancies are easily formed in Cu2SnS3 under the Cu-poor condition as is the case with Cu2ZnSnS4 and CuInSe2. In this respect, Cu2SnS3 has the appropriate character of a light-absorbing material for thin-film solar cells, as is the case with Cu2ZnSnS4 and CuInSe2.
Uppermost mantle structure of the Australian continent from Pn traveltime tomography
Authors: Sun Weijia , Kennett B. L. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPast studies of the seismic structure of the Australian continent have dominantly exploited surface wave tomography for the mantle, with seismic refraction, receiver functions, and ambient noise used for crustal structure. The 3‐D structure has been summarized in the Australian Seismological Reference Model (AuSREM), for which the zone immediately below the crust is the least well characterized. Pn traveltime tomography provides a way of improving structural information on the uppermost mantle across the continent. We have exploited waveforms from larger events across Australia recorded at both permanent and portable stations since 1993, supplemented by bulletin arrival times. To compensate for the large velocity contrasts, with much faster mantle wave speeds in the center and west, all events were relocated using the AuSREM model. After relocation, consistent patterns of traveltime residuals are obtained. We extract Pn as the first arrival in the distance range 1.8° to 15°. We use the FMTOMO approach to invert the travel‐time residuals to generate a P wave speed structure with a resolution of 3°×3°. There is strong heterogeneity in Pn wave speed in the uppermost mantle across the continent. The fastest Pn wave speed of 8.36 km/s beneath the Precambrian cratons of western and central Australia is 3.99% faster than the global ak135 model, and the slowest Pn wave speed 7.66 km/s on the eastern margin is 4.74% slower. The slowest velocities in the uppermost mantle are found along the eastern margin of the Australian continent beneath the Phanerozoic orogenic belts, with links to Neogene volcanism.
Thermal emission spectroscopy of microcrystalline sedimentary phases: Effects of natural surface roughness on spectral feature shape
Authors: Hardgrove C. J. , Rogers A. D. , Glotch T. D. , Arnold J. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDistinguishing between microcrystalline and macrocrystalline mineral phases can help constrain the conditions under which those minerals formed or the degree of postdepositional alteration. This study demonstrates the effects of crystal size and surface roughness on thermal infrared emission spectra of micro and macrocrystalline phases of the two most common minerals on Earth, quartz and calcite. Given the characteristic depositional and environmental conditions under which microcrystalline minerals form, and the recent observations of high‐silica deposits on Mars, it is important to understand how these unique materials can be identified using remote infrared spectroscopy techniques. We find that (a) microcrystalline minerals exhibit naturally rough surfaces compared to their macrocrystalline counterparts at the 10 µm scale; and that (b) this roughness causes distinct spectral differences within the Reststrahlen bands of each mineral. These spectral differences occur for surfaces that are rough on the wavelength scale, where the absorption coefficient (k) is large. Specifically, the wavelength positions of the Reststrahlen features for microcrystalline phases are narrowed and shifted compared to macrocrystalline counterparts. The spectral shape differences are small enough that the composition of the material is still recognizable, but large enough such that a roughness effect could be detected. Petrographic and topographic analyses of microcrystalline samples suggest a relationship between crystal size and surface roughness. Together, these observations suggest it may be possible to make general inferences about microcrystallinity from the thermal infrared spectral character of samples, which could aid in reconstructions of sedimentary rock diagenesis where corresponding petrographic or microimaging is not available.
Eco‐Friendly Vegetable Oil‐Based Metalworking Fluid (MWFs) from Modification of Glycolyzed Products of Polyurethane
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , El‐Sukkary Mohamed M. , Sayed Galal H. , Mohamed Manal G. , Bekheit Mahmoud 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn order to produce environmentally friendly and efficient metalworking fluids and also to reduce the impact of waste polyurethane polymer in the environment, polyurethane polymers were recycled in a novel process. Waste polyurethane foam was glycolyzed using polyethylene glycol 400 to give the glycolyzed product (GPU). The GPU was esterified using oleic acid, linoleic acid, and acids obtained from hydrolysis of rapeseeds oil, coconut oil, and castor oil to obtain GPUO, GPUL, GPUA, GPUB, and GPUC, respectively. The prepared additives were used as emulsifiers in the formulation for metalworking fluid application in the presence of rapeseed oil, coconut oil, and castor oil as environmentally friendly oils. The results showed good stability of the prepared water‐vegetable oil emulsions. The pH, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity at 40 and 100 °C, surface tension, and anticorrosion tests of the prepared formulation showed acceptable results compared with the published data for several metalworking fluid formulations.