bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuality and Transgenerational Inheritance of Social Dominance and Sex Pheromones in Isogenic Male Mice
Authors: Fang Qi , Zhang Yao‐Hua , Shi Yao‐Long , Zhang Jin‐Hua , Zhang Jian‐Xu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPhenotypic variation and its epigenetic regulations within the inbred isogenic mice have long intrigued biologists. Here, we used inbred C57BL/6 mice to examine the individual differences and the inheritance of social dominance and male pheromones, expecting to create a model for studying the underlying epigenetic mechanisms for the evolution of these traits. We used a repeated male–male contest paradigm to form stable dominance–submission relationships between paired males and make superior or inferior quality manifest. Females showed olfactory preferences for the urine of dominant males to that of subordinate opponents. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometer analysis revealed that dominance‐related or superior quality related pheromones were actually exaggerated male pheromone components (e.g., E‐β‐farnesene, hexadecanol, and 1‐hexadecanol acetate) of preputial gland origin. Although the socially naïve sons of both dominant and subordinate males elicited the same female attraction when reaching adulthood, the former could dominated over the latter during undergoing the male–male competition and then gained more attraction of females. Our results demonstrated that social dominance or superior quality and the related pheromones were heritable and could be expressed through the interaction between aggression‐related epigenotypes and male–male contests. It suggested that the evolution of sexually selected traits could be epigenetically determined and promoted through female mate choice. The epigenetic mechanisms driving the individual differences in behavior and male pheromones deserve further studies.
In vivo visualization using MRI T2 mapping of induced osteochondrosis and osteochondritis dissecans lesions in goats undergoing controlled exercise
Authors: Tóth Ferenc , David Frédéric H. , LaFond Elizabeth , Wang Luning , Ellermann Jutta M. , Carlson Cathy S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn vivo visualization of subclinical osteochondrosis (OC) lesions, characterized by necrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage, is necessary to clarify the pathogenesis of this disease. Hence, our objectives were to demonstrate induced necrosis of the epiphyseal cartilage in vivo using MRI and to monitor progression or resolution of resulting lesions. We also aimed to improve the goat model of OC by introducing controlled exercise. Vascular supply to the epiphyseal cartilage was surgically interrupted in four 5‐day‐old goats to induce ischemic cartilage necrosis in a medial femoral condyle. Starting 3 weeks postoperatively, goats underwent daily controlled exercise until euthanasia at 6, 10, 11 (n = 2) weeks postoperatively. T2 maps of operated and control femora were obtained in vivo at 3 (n = 4), 6 (n = 4), 9 (n = 3), and 11 (n = 2) weeks postoperatively using a 3 T MR scanner. In vivo MRI findings were validated against MRI results obtained ex vivo at 9.4 T in three goats and compared to histological results in all goats. Surgical interruption of the vascular supply caused ischemic cartilage necrosis in three out of four goats. T2 maps obtained in vivo at 3 T identified regions of increased relaxation time consistent with discrete areas of cartilage necrosis 3–11 weeks postoperatively and demonstrated delayed progression of the ossification front at 9 (n = 1) and 11 (n = 2) weeks postoperatively. In vivo MRI findings were confirmed by ex vivo MRI at 9.4 T and by histology. Identification of cartilage necrosis in clinical patients in the early stages of OC using T2 maps may provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of this condition. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:868–875, 2017.
Addition of grape pomace extract to probiotic fermented goat milk: the effect on phenolic content, probiotic viability and sensory acceptability
Authors: dos Santos Karina MO , de Oliveira Isabel C , Lopes Marcos AC , Cruz Ana Paula Gil , Buriti Flávia CA , Cabral Lourdes M 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape pomace is a source of phenolic compounds, which are associated with health benefits in humans. Additionally, fermented dairy foods with probiotics can be good vehicles to deliver these bioactive compounds. The effects of the addition of grape pomace extract (GPE) on the total phenolic (TP) content, physico‐chemical characteristics and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in fermented goat milks prepared with grape juice were investigated.RESULTSThe TP concentration increased significantly in fermented milks with the addition of GPE. A protective effect of GPE on the viability of L. acidophilus was observed. However, after 14 days of storage, the populations of L. acidophilus were significantly lower when compared with those of L. rhamnosus, and only the last probiotic maintained its viability above 7 log CFU mL−1 throughout the period investigated. The sensory scores of flavor, color and overall acceptability of the fermented milk containing L. rhamnosus HN001 were significantly increased when GPE was added.CONCLUSIONThe use of GPE might increase the functionality of probiotic fermented goat milk processed with L. rhamnosus HN001 and grape juice because grape polyphenols are known for their antioxidant properties and positive effect on the modulation of gut microbiota. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of nano‐TiO2‐LDPE packaging on postharvest quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) stored at refrigeration temperature
Authors: Li Dongdong , Ye Qingyang , Jiang Lei , Luo Zisheng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDNano‐TiO2–low‐density polyethylene (NTLDPE) packaging was prepared, and the effects of NTLDPE packaging on quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits were investigated.RESULTSWith increased barrier properties, NTLDPE packaging quickly formed a relative lower O2 and higher CO2 air composition in comparison with LDPE. It was also more efficient in maintaining the overall quality of strawberry fruit, as reflected by lower decay rate and weight loss, as well as retarding the decrease in firmness and titratable acid. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in NTLDPE‐packed fruits were 10.8% and 21.9% lower, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS scavenging in NTLDPE‐packed fruits were significantly higher at the later period of storage time. Anthocyanin accumulation was inhibited, whereas ascorbic acid and total phenolics contents were better retained and 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was 13.2% higher in NTLDPE‐packed fruit by the end of storage.CONCLUSIONThese data indicate that the beneficial effects of NTLDPE packaging on postharvest quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberry are probably associated with the promotion of ROS scavenging and related antioxidant enzyme activities, and NTLDPE packaging together with refrigeration storage is a promising method for strawberry fruit preservation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A method of holographic magnification based on Fresnel diffraction
Authors: Gan Feng‐Jiao , Wang Di , Wang Cui , Wang Jun , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method of holographic magnification based on Fresnel diffraction. Similarity principle of Fourier transform is used in convolution algorithm in order to adjust the size of the reconstructed image. With the splicing technology based on a spatial light modulator, the reconstructed images can be magnified. By combining the similarity principle of Fourier transform with the splicing technology, the reconstructed images can be further magnified to eight times, which is verified by the experiments.
Protease‐Triggered, Integrin‐Targeted Cellular Uptake of Recombinant Protein Micelles
Authors: Gao Chen , Vargo Kevin B. , Hammer Daniel A. 
Published: June 2016

Targeting nanoparticles for drug delivery has great potential for improving efficacy and reducing side effects from systemic toxicity. New developments in the assembly of materials afford the opportunity to expose cryptic targeting domains in tissue‐specific microenvironments in which certain proteases are expressed. Here, recombinant proteins are designed to combine the responsiveness to environmental proteases with specific targeting. Materials made recombinantly allow complete control over amino acid sequence, in which each molecule is identically functionalized. Previously, oleosin, a naturally occurring plant protein that acts as a surfactant, has been engineered to self‐assemble into spherical micelles—a useful structure for drug delivery. To make oleosins that are locally activated to bind receptors, oleosin is genetically modified to incorporate the integrin‐binding motif RGDS just behind a domain cleavable by thrombin. The resulting modified oleosin self‐assembles into spherical micelles in aqueous environments, with the RGDS motif protected by the thrombin‐cleavable domain. Upon the addition of thrombin, the RGDS is exposed and the binding of the spherical micelles to breast cancer cells is increased fourfold.image
Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams
Authors: Blattmann Hannes , Lauth Marc , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: June 2016

The amine cure of cyclic carbonate blends, derived from renewable resources and carbon dioxide, in the presence of a liquid fluorohydrocarbon as physical blowing agent with no ozone depletion potential, enables the facile tailoring of flexible bio‐based nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams. Unlike conventional PU foams, neither isocyanates nor phosgene or aromatic amines are required as intermediates in NIPU foaming. Typically, rigid cyclic carbonates such as carbonated trimethylolpropane glycidylether (TMPGC) are blended together with the corresponding flexible cyclic carbonate such as ethoxylated TMPGC (EO‐TMPGC) which lowers monomer viscosity and reactivity. This is reflected by higher pot life and gelation times for the cure with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), improving NIPU foam processing. With increasing EO‐TMPGC content, rigid TMPGC/HMDA‐NIPU foams are rendered flexible and soft, as verified by simultaneously declining storage modulus and glass transition temperature. In this NIPU foam family, the TMPGC/EO‐TMPGC (60 wt%/40 wt%) blend cured with HMDA in the presence of Solkane 365/227 affords flexible NIPU foams exhibiting low density, very good mechanical hysteresis, and tailored hardness, meeting the demands of various applications like automotive seating. Emission tests confirm the absence of critical compounds mentioned in the global automotive declarable substance list.
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Relationships of Teachers’ Language and Explicit Vocabulary Instruction to Students’ Vocabulary Growth in Kindergarten
Authors: Bowne Jocelyn Bonnes , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Snow Catherine E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study evaluates the relationships between aspects of Chilean teachers’ explicit vocabulary instruction and students’ vocabulary development in kindergarten. Classroom videotapes of whole‐class instruction gathered during a randomized experimental evaluation of a coaching‐based professional development program were analyzed. The amount of conceptual information about words made available during these discussions was the only significant predictor of students’ end‐of‐kindergarten vocabulary, when controlling for the density and diversity of teachers’ language and time spent in explicit vocabulary support, as well as child and teacher demographics. Each additional standard deviation of conceptual information about words provided predicted a 0.11 standard deviation increase in students’ vocabulary outcomes. Practice and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Simulations and measurements in scanning electron microscopes at low electron energy
Authors: Walker Christopher G.H. , Frank Luděk , Müllerová Ilona 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe advent of new imaging technologies in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) using low energy (0–2 keV) electrons has brought about new ways to study materials at the nanoscale. It also brings new challenges in terms of understanding electron transport at these energies. In addition, reduction in energy has brought new contrast mechanisms producing images that are sometimes difficult to interpret. This is increasing the push for simulation tools, in particular for low impact energies of electrons. The use of Monte Carlo calculations to simulate the transport of electrons in materials has been undertaken by many authors for several decades. However, inaccuracies associated with the Monte Carlo technique start to grow as the energy is reduced. This is not simply associated with inaccuracies in the knowledge of the scattering cross‐sections, but is fundamental to the Monte Carlo technique itself. This is because effects due to the wave nature of the electron and the energy band structure of the target above the vacuum energy level become important and these are properties which are difficult to handle using the Monte Carlo method. In this review we briefly describe the new techniques of scanning low energy electron microscopy and then outline the problems and challenges of trying to understand and quantify the signals that are obtained. The effects of charging and spin polarised measurement are also briefly explored. SCANNING 38:802–818, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of Entrepreneurial Judgment With Venture‐Specific Experience
Authors: Uygur Ugur , Kim Sung Min 
Published: June 2016

Research summaryThis study advances research on entrepreneurial cognition by investigating how entrepreneurial judgment evolves during new venture creation. We conceptualize entrepreneurial judgment as a cognitive process in the minds of entrepreneurs that operates on the causal map—i.e., a knowledge structure concerning what factors they believe will help the chances of profitability under uncertainty. At the time of initial epiphany, entrepreneurs construct cognitive causal maps, which guide resource allocation decisions. Over time, venture‐specific experience accumulates and entrepreneurial judgment evolves in response to their observations. Using a dataset of 524 nascent entrepreneurs, we find that entrepreneurs with more venture‐specific experiences have more selective judgments, and they have stronger conviction in those judgments. We also find that perceived uncertainty and cognitive dispositions of the individuals affect entrepreneurial judgment.Managerial summaryEntrepreneurs often have to exercise judgment due to limited information and resources when creating new businesses. Because they cannot effectively make progress in all aspects of a new venture at once, entrepreneurs choose the important success factors to focus on. Our findings suggest that it is important to understand the cognitive mechanisms underpinning their judgments. As entrepreneurs gain more experience with the venture, their chosen set of success factors narrows and their confidence increases. Additionally, their self‐efficacy and decisiveness encourage them to make stronger judgments. This may imply a precarious scenario because of the risk of overconfidence in their judgments. Similarly, investors are also advised to check if the entrepreneur's conviction is supported by accumulated experience in the context of the venture. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Climate change and social transformations: is it time for a quantum leap?
Authors: O'Brien Karen L. 
Published: June 2016

Climate change is recognized as an urgent societal problem with widespread implications for both natural and human systems, and transforming society at the rate and scale that is mandated by the 2015 Paris Agreement remains a major challenge. Do we need to be open to new paradigms for social change? In this opinion piece, I draw attention to the emerging field of quantum social theory and consider its implications for climate change responses. Quantum social theory considers how concepts, methods and understandings from quantum physics relate to societal issues, and it provides a physically based, holistic perspective on conscious and intentional transformations to sustainability. It is distinct from other social theories in that it raises deep metaphysical and ontological questions about what is really real. I explore the methodological, metaphorical and meaningful significance of quantum social theory for understandings of social change. Quantum concepts such as entanglement, complementarity, uncertainty, and superposition provide a strong basis for recognizing and promoting people as the solution to climate change. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:618–626. doi: 10.1002/wcc.413This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Evaluating old and novel proxies for in vitro digestion assays in wild ruminants
Authors: Jean Pierre‐Olivier , Bradley Robert L. , Berthiaume Robert , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn vitro digestion assays provide useful data for wild ruminant ecologists. It remains highly constraining, however, to conduct these assays in the field. We evaluated various proxies for in vitro digestion assays that use ruminal liquor from wild ruminants. The ruminal liquor of freshly killed white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was used to measure in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), total gas, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production of dominant summer and winter forage. We evaluated the ability of 4 proxies to predict these digestibility variables: 1) IVTD, total gas, and VFA produced with cow ruminal liquor; 2) acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration; 3) CO2 production from soil–forage mixtures; and 4) predictive models based on near infrared spectra (NIRS) of forages. Predictions using NIRS were best correlated with all deer digestibility variables (each r2 > 0.93) with limited bias across forage species. Forage ADF and CO2 production from soil–forage mixtures were related with all digestibility variables (r2 = 0.62–0.95). Digestion assays using cow ruminal liquor was relatively good for predicting IVTD (r2 = 0.94) from deer ruminal liquor, but the weakest for predicting total gas (r2 = 0.63) and VFA production (r2 = 0.44). Calibrated NIRS models could substantially improve the prediction of in vitro digestibility variables. If access to NIRS technology or the ability to collect reference data with deer inocula for NIRS calibrations is impractical, forage ADF or CO2 production from soil–forage mixtures remain acceptable alternatives. Comparing the digestion kinetics and VFA production of wild and domestic ruminants is an innovative avenue for better understanding the adaptive ecophysiology of digestion by different herbivores. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Coupling on weighted branching trees
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Olvera-Cravioto Mariana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper we consider linear functions constructed on two different weighted branching processes and provide explicit bounds for their Kantorovich–Rubinstein distance in terms of couplings of their corresponding generic branching vectors. Motivated by applications to the analysis of random graphs, we also consider a variation of the weighted branching process where the generic branching vector has a different dependence structure from the usual one. By applying the bounds to sequences of weighted branching processes, we derive sufficient conditions for the convergence in the Kantorovich–Rubinstein distance of linear functions. We focus on the case where the limits are endogenous fixed points of suitable smoothing transformations.
Planar tessellations that have the half-Gilbert structure
Authors: Burridge James , Cowan Richard 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the full rectangular version of Gilbert's planar tessellation (see Gilbert (1967), Mackisack and Miles (1996), and Burridge et al. (2013)), lines extend either horizontally (with east- and west-growing rays) or vertically (north- and south-growing rays) from seed points which form a stationary Poisson point process, each ray stopping when it meets another ray that has blocked its path. In the half-Gilbert rectangular version, east- and south-growing rays, whilst having the potential to block each other, do not interact with west and north rays, and vice versa. East- and south-growing rays have a reciprocality of blocking, as do west and north. In this paper we significantly expand and simplify the half-Gilbert analytic results that we gave in Burridge et al. (2013). We also show how the idea of reciprocality of blocking between rays can be used in a much wider context, with rays not necessarily orthogonal and with seeds that produce more than two rays.
On the equivalence of systems of different sizes, with applications to system comparisons
Authors: Lindqvist Bo H. , Samaniego Francisco J. , Huseby Arne B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The signature of a coherent system is a useful tool in the study and comparison of lifetimes of engineered systems. In order to compare two systems of different sizes with respect to their signatures, the smaller system needs to be represented by an equivalent system of the same size as the larger system. In the paper we show how to construct equivalent systems by adding irrelevant components to the smaller system. This leads to simpler proofs of some current key results, and throws new light on the interpretation of mixed systems. We also present a sufficient condition for equivalence of systems of different sizes when restricting to coherent systems. In cases where for a given system there is no equivalent system of smaller size, we characterize the class of lower-sized systems with a signature vector which stochastically dominates the signature of the larger system. This setup is applied to an optimization problem in reliability economics.
High-tech utopianism: Chinese and Indian science parks in the neo-liberal turn
Authors: DAS DIGANTA , LAM TONG 
Published: June 2016

AbstractScience park developments have become ubiquitous in China and India in recent decades as both countries integrate further into the global economy. These exclusive high-tech spaces prioritize the partnership between industry, research and the government as a desirable mode of urbanization, economic growth and knowledge production. Contrary to the older form of industrial zone associated with big science and big industry for national mobilization during the Cold War, contemporary science parks constitute a network of global spaces that are designed to facilitate the circulation of technology, personnel and capital in the neo-liberal world. Similarly, science parks are closely linked to innovation, entrepreneurship and social exclusion rather than the collective social betterment. As utopian machines for the privileged, these exclusive spaces are about consumption, desire, hedging and speculation as much as about science, research and production.