bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency domain analysis of triggered lightning return stroke luminosity velocity
Authors: Carvalho F. L. , Uman M. A. , Jordan D. M. , Moore R. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFourier analysis is applied to time domain return stroke luminosity signals to calculate the phase and group velocities and the amplitude of the luminosity signals as a function of frequency measured between 4 m and 115 m during 12 triggered lightning strokes. We show that pairs of time domain luminosity signals measured at different heights can be interpreted as the input and the output of a system whose frequency domain transfer function can be determined from the measured time domain signals. From the frequency domain transfer function phase we find the phase and group velocities, and luminosity amplitude as a function of triggered lightning channel height and signal frequency ranging from 50 kHz to 300 kHz. We show that higher‐frequency luminosity components propagate faster than the lower frequency components and that higher‐frequency luminosity components attenuate more rapidly than lower frequency components. Finally, we calculate time domain return stroke velocities as a function of channel height using two time delay techniques: (1) measurement at the 20% amplitude level and (2) cross correlation.
Bis(aminoaryl) Carbon‐Bridged Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Expand the Limits of Electronic Couplings
Authors: Burrezo Paula Mayorga , Lin Nai‐Ti , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Calzado Eva M. , Boj Pedro G. , Díaz García María A. , Franco Carlos , Rovira Concepciò , Veciana Jaume , Moos Michael , Lambert Christoph , López Navarrete Juan T. , Tsuji Hayato , Nakamura Eiichi , Casado Juan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCarbon‐bridged bis(aminoaryl) oligo(para‐phenylenevinylene)s have been prepared and their optical, electrochemical, and structural properties analyzed. Their radical cations are class III and class II mixed‐valence systems, depending on the molecular size, and they show electronic couplings which are among the largest for the self‐exchange reaction of purely organic molecules. In their dication states, the antiferromagnetic coupling is progressively tuned with size from quinoidal closed‐shell to open‐shell biradicals. The data prove that the electronic coupling in the radical cations and the singlet–triplet gap in the dications show similar small attenuation factors, thus allowing charge/spin transfer over rather large distances.
Bright, Stable, and Biocompatible Organic Fluorophores Absorbing/Emitting in the Deep Near‐Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Lei Zuhai , Li Xinran , Luo Xiao , He Haihong , Zheng Jing , Qian Xuhong , Yang Youjun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSmall‐molecule organic fluorophores spectrally active in the 800–950 nm region are sought‐after for their broad potential in biomedical and material applications. We have developed a new family of brightly fluorescent dyes (ECX) to meet this challenge. ECX dyes are transparent to the visible region, while strongly absorbing in the NIR region at approximately 880 nm. They emit at around 915 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 13.3 %. ECX dyes exhibit high chemostability, high photostability, and low tendency to aggregate. Other merits of ECX dyes include low degree of solvatochromism and facile post‐synthetic derivatization. ECX dyes potentially make available the 800–950 nm region for spectroscopic and microscopic applications and are also expected to find broad material applications.
A Personal Construct Psychology Based Investigation Into A Product Service System For Renting Pushchairs To Consumers
Authors: Catulli Maurizio , Reed Nick 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper explores how consumers construe a product service system (PSS) for the supply of pushchairs. A PSS is a system of products, services, networks of actors and supporting infrastructure designed to be more sustainable than traditional business models. PSSs face an implementation challenge in consumer markets, and this case based research explores some reasons for this. The study applies personal construct psychology (in particular, the repertory grid technique), which has not previously been used in relation to researching PSSs.Results suggest that a PSS might be difficult to implement in relation to pushchairs. Renting pre‐used equipment may meet resistance because of a perceived risk that acquisition by this means might endanger infants. Participants in the study construed buying new products from specialist infant product shops as being the best way of acquiring them. Accordingly, PSS providers may, for instance, have to implement certified quality assurance processes in order to reassure consumers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Low utility of Oncotype DX® in the clinic
Authors: Ricks‐Santi Luisel J. , McDonald John Tyson 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrecision medicine tools are currently making their way into the clinic and being utilized to diagnose, prognose, and individualize cancer care. The multi‐gene expression‐based assay, Oncotype DX® (ODX), is a genomic tumor profiling tool that determines the expression of 21 tumor‐ associated genes; it helps determine the risk for distant recurrence and whether chemotherapy is an appropriate course of treatment in patients with early stage, estrogen receptor (ER) positive, HER2 negative, and lymph node negative (or 1–3 positive lymph nodes) invasive BCa. The aim of this study was to determine the overall utilization and uptake of the ODX genomic test in a cross‐sectional analysis of the Virginia Tumor registry, compare utilization in African Americans (AAs) and Caucasian Americans (CAs), and determine the profile of patients referred for testing. Caucasian (89.7%) patients made up the majority of the ODX testers compared to AAs (10.3%) (P < 0.0001). Those who received ODX testing were less likely to have higher grade and higher stage tumors, and were less likely to be ER negative (RR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.01–0.31), progesterone receptor (PR) negative (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.27–0.45), HER2 amplified (RR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17–0.43), or triple negative (RR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14–0.33). Of the patients that were eligible (n = 3924), 10.5% (n = 412) received ODX testing. Specifically, 11.7% of the Caucasian patients and 5.1% of AAs patients received ODX testing (P < 0.001). Our analysis confirmed that the utilization of ODX was low and that AAs were much less likely to receive ODX testing.
Chronic lead malposition diagnosis and management: discussion of two cases and literature review
Authors: Almomani Ahmed , Abualsuod Amjad , Paydak Hakan , Peer Wilburt , Maskoun Waddah 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageManagement of lead malposition is crucial to avoid complications and is carried out on case‐by‐case bases. The 12‐lead ECG during pacing and chest X‐ray are essential during initial workup and recommended for new patients to the device clinic. Echocardiography and CT scan are important to confirm the location and plan appropriate therapy.
Thrombosis in a bleeding disorder: case of thromboembolism in factor VII deficiency
Authors: Ramdass Sheryl K. , Loh Kah Poh , Howard Leslie M. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageCongenital factor VII deficiency (FVIID) is a rare disorder with a wide range of bleeding manifestations. The disorder does not protect patients against occurrence of thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis can occur in the setting of surgery and recombinant factor VIIa replacement.
Catalytic Oxidation of Soot Spray‐Coated Lithium Zirconate in a Plate Reactor
Authors: Emmerich Thomas , Lotz Katrin , Sliozberg Kirill , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Muhler Martin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA plate reactor was designed to investigate the catalytic soot oxidation applying glass ceramic plates coated with lithium zirconate. The results are compared to the corresponding powder catalysts in thermogravimetric experiments. The deposition of soot by spray coating resulted in an intimate contact mode equivalent to the mortaring preparation of the tight contact powder samples. In the presence of lithium ions the soot oxidation temperature was decreased significantly both in the thermobalance and in the plate reactor.
Detection and Manipulation of the Stress Response Protein Metallothionein
Authors: Bhandari Sadikshya , Melchiorre Clare , Dostie Kristen , Laukens Debby , Devisscher Lindsey , Louwrier Ariel , Thees Amy , Lynes Michael A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are small molecular weight stress response proteins that play a central role as reservoir of essential divalent heavy metal cations such as zinc and copper, and also can diminish the effects of toxic heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium. Historically, MT has been considered to be an intracellular protein with roles to play in the management of heavy metals, as a regulator of cellular redox potential, and as a buffer of free radicals. Our recent studies have highlighted immunomodulatory role of MT in inflammatory diseases and also in the progression of metastatic cell movement. Hence, manipulation and detection of MT is essential for its possible use as a diagnostic and in therapeutic interventions of chronic inflammation. This review describes procedures used to detect MT using techniques such as western immunoblot, competition ELISA, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, it also describes the use of a colorimetric cell proliferation assay (CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution/MTS) to study the proliferative effect of MT. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A simple unit cell structure for an efficient sketch of series‐connected multilevel inverters
Authors: Choupan Reza , Nazarpour Daryoush , Golshannavaz Sajjad 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper develops a simple design of unit cells to be taken in use in series‐connected multilevel inverters. The proposed structure not only reduces the part counts efficiently but also increases the number of generated levels in the output voltage. By aggregating the cascaded series‐connected units as the basic module, the proposed structure follows one H‐bridge circuit. The basic module acts as the initial stage in direct current/alternative current conversion within which all the positive and zero levels are produced. Afterwards, the H‐bridge circuit affords the production of symmetric sine‐wave by realizing negative levels. To assure the expected operational objectives, we developed three different algorithms to determine the magnitude of input direct current voltage sources. Moreover, to further investigate the proposed structure, different switching algorithms such the fundamental switching frequency and pulse width modulation level shifting approaches are implemented and compared with each other. Extensive numerical and experimental studies are conducted to yield in a suitable evaluation platform. The obtained results demonstrate a superior performance of the proposed structure rather than the conventional topologies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating partial regulation in spatiotemporal models of community dynamics
Authors: Thorson James T. , Munch Stephan B. , Swain Douglas P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNiche‐based approaches to community analysis often involve estimating a matrix of pairwise interactions among species (the “community matrix”), but this task becomes infeasible using observational data as the number of modeled species increases. As an alternative, neutral theories achieve parsimony by assuming that species within a trophic level are exchangeable, but generally cannot incorporate stabilizing interactions even when they are evident in field data. Finally, both regulated (niche) and unregulated (neutral) approaches have rarely been fitted directly to survey data using spatiotemporal statistical methods. We therefore propose a spatiotemporal and model‐based approach to estimate community dynamics that are partially regulated. Specifically, we start with a neutral spatiotemporal model where all species follow ecological drift, which precludes estimating pairwise interactions. We then add regulatory relations until model selection favors stopping, where the “rank” of the interaction matrix may range from zero to the number of species. A simulation experiment shows that model selection can accurately identify the rank of the interaction matrix, and that the identified spatiotemporal model can estimate the magnitude of species interactions. A 40‐yr case study for the Gulf of St. Lawrence marine community shows that recovering grey seals have an unregulated and negative relationship with demersal fishes. We therefore conclude that partial regulation is a plausible approximation to community dynamics using field data and hypothesize that estimating partial regulation will be expedient in future analyses of spatiotemporal community dynamics given limited field data. We conclude by recommending ongoing research to add explicit models for movement, so that meta‐community theory can be confronted with data in a spatiotemporal statistical framework.
Unimpaired endogenous pain inhibition in the early phase of complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Kumowski N. , Hegelmaier T. , Kolbenschlag J. , Maier C. , Mainka T. , Vollert J. , Enax‐Krumova E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by distal generalisation of pain beyond the initial trauma. This might be the result of impaired endogenous pain inhibition.MethodWe compared Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) between patients with CRPS (n = 24; pain: 4.5 ± 2.2, NRS 0–10; disease duration <1 year), neuralgia (n = 17; pain: 5.5 ± 1.1) and healthy subjects (n = 23) and its correlation with loss and gain of function as assessed by Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). CPM was assessed with heat as test stimulus (TS) and cold water as conditioning stimulus (CS). The early CPM‐effect was calculated as difference between heat pain during and before conditioning, the late CPM‐effect, 5 minutes after and before conditioning, respectively.ResultsHeat pain decreased comparably after CS in all groups, resulting in a significant CPM‐effect (healthy: −12.5 ± 12.4, NRS 0–100; CRPS: −14.7 ± 15.7; neuralgia: −7.9 ± 9.8; p < 0.001). When compared to healthy subjects, heat pain declined significantly steeper in CRPS patients (healthy: −2.0 ± 5.5, NRS 0–100/10 s; CRPS: −6.3 ± 8.1; p < 0.05). Only CRPS patients demonstrated a late CPM effect (−6.0 ± 9.0, p < 0.005).Neither spontaneous pain nor any QST parameter correlated with CPM, with the exception of a decreased cold pain threshold, which correlated with an enhanced CPM in CRPS patients only (r = −0.456, p < 0.05).ConclusionAn impairment of endogenous pain inhibition does not explain the extent of pain in the early stage of CRPS or in neuralgia. The unexpectedly high CPM in CRPS patients might result from activation of the intact descending pathways in response to central sensitization, as cold hyperalgesia correlated with the CPM‐effect.SignificanceConditioned pain modulation (CPM) is not impaired in the early phase of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and neuralgia. Only in CRPS higher CPM was associated with lower cold pain thresholds.
Modification of Surface Oxide Layer of Fe‐Cr‐Al Alloy with Coating Materials for SOFC Applications
Authors: Pham H.‐C. , Taniguchi S. , Inoue Y. , Matsuda J. , Chou J.‐T. , Misu Y. , Matsuoka K. , Sasaki K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated the treatment of Fe‐Cr‐Al alloy for application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The electrical resistance of the Al2O3‐based surface oxide layer on the alloy decreased and was stable when La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF), La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM), LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 (LNF), or Pr0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (PrSM) were first coated on the alloy and heat treated at 700 °C in air. The activation energy, calculated from the resistance, also suggested that the surface oxide became more conductive with treatment. The surface oxide layer after treatment had a microstructure of columns growing outward in the same direction, containing small amounts of elements such as Sr, Ni, Fe, La, Mn, and Pr. The microstructure consists of polycrystalline γ‐Al2O3 and small amounts of Al compounds with these elements. In the case of the LNF coating, the formation of NiAl2O4 was observed. The enhanced electrical conductivity may have resulted from the arrangement of the columnar structure, along with the electronic conduction path generated by the reaction of γ‐Al2O3 with these elements.
Parenting styles and home literacy opportunities: Associations with children's oral language skills
Authors: Bingham Gary E. , Jeon Hyun‐Joo , Kwon Kyong‐Ah , Lim Chaehyun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study examined associations among parenting style, home literacy practices, and children's language skills. A total of 181 ethnically diverse parents, primarily African American, and their preschool‐aged child participated. Results suggest that an authoritative parenting style was positively associated with informal home literacy (book reading) practices and formal literacy (parental teaching) practices whereas an authoritarian parenting style was negatively associated with informal home literacy practices. Informal home literacy experience was positively and parents' teaching literacy was negatively related to children's oral language scores. In a mediational model, parents who were more likely to have authoritative parenting style provided their children with informal (reading) home literacy experiences, which in turn, was associated with children's oral language skill. Parent education was positively related to home literacy experiences and directly related to children's oral language skill. Findings suggest that researchers should acknowledge multiple aspects of parenting when considering relations among home literacy practices and children's language and literacy development.Highlights

Parenting style is associated with parents' engagement in home literacy activities with children.

The relation between parenting style and children's oral language skills is mediated by the home literacy environment.

Parent education has a strong and direct impact on children's oral language skills.
Charge Transfer Variability in Misfit Layer Compounds: Comparison of SnS‐SnS2 and LaS‐TaS2
Authors: Lorenz Tommy , Baburin Igor A. , Joswig Jan‐Ole , Seifert Gotthard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present paper compares and discusses two selected misfit (layer) compounds exemplarily, namely SnS‐SnS2 and LaS‐TaS2. We have employed a density‐functional theory‐based approach to calculate structural, energetic, and electronic properties of these structures. We have put emphasis on the difference between single layers, combined double‐layer systems and periodically stacked bulk structures. Especially the varying magnitudes of charge transfer between the sublayers were studied. We demonstrate how the chemical constitution of the sublayers affects the interlayer interactions: these may be a weak non‐bonding van‐der‐Waals dominated interlayer interaction as in SnS‐SnS2 and many other layered structures or a strong interaction related to a remarkable charge transfer between the layers as in LaS‐TaS2.
Monitoring of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle represents another option for neural monitoring during thyroid surgery: Normative vagal and recurrent laryngeal nerve posterior cricoarytenoid muscle electromyographic data
Authors: Liddy Whitney , Barber Samuel R. , Lin Brian M. , Kamani Dipti , Kyriazidis Natalia , Lawson Bradley , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveIntraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of laryngeal nerves using electromyography (EMG) is routinely performed using endotracheal tube surface electrodes adjacent to the vocalis muscles. Other laryngeal muscles such as the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) are indirectly monitored. The PCA may be directly and reliably monitored through an electrode placed in the postcricoid region. Herein, we describe the method and normative data for IONM using PCA EMG.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsData were reviewed retrospectively for thyroid and parathyroid surgery patients with IONM of laryngeal nerves from January to August 2016. Recordings of vocalis and PCA EMG amplitudes and latencies with stimulation of laryngeal nerves were obtained using endotracheal (ET) tube‐based and postcricoid surface electrodes.ResultsData comprised EMG responses in vocalis and PCA recording channels with stimulation of the vagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from 20 subjects (11 left, 9 right), as well as PCA EMG threshold data with RLN stimulation from 17 subjects. Mean EMG amplitude was 725.69 ± 108.58 microvolts (µV) for the ipsilateral vocalis and 329.44 ± 34.12 µV for the PCA with vagal stimulation, and 1,059.75 ± 140.40 µV for the ipsilateral vocalis and 563.88 ± 116.08 µV for the PCA with RLN stimulation. There were no statistically significant differences in mean latency. For threshold cutoffs of the PCA with RLN stimulation, mean minimum and maximum threshold intensities were 0.37 milliamperes (mA) and 0.84 mA, respectively.ConclusionThis study shows robust and reliable PCA EMG waveforms with direct nerve stimulation. Further studies will evaluate feasibility and application of the PCA electrode as a complementary quantitative tool in IONM.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:283–289, 2018
Curing enhancement and network effects in multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐filled vulcanized natural rubber: evidence for solvent sensing
Authors: Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Varughese Konnanilkunnathil Thomas , Al‐Maadeed Mariam Al Ali , Thomas Sabu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractElectrically and thermally conductive polymer composites offer great possibilities in various electronic fields because of their low weight and ease of processing. This paper addresses the curing behaviour and network properties of conducting multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐reinforced natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites, emphasizing the sensing and diffusion performances. NR/MWCNT composites were prepared following a special master batch technique which allows the appropriate distribution of nanotubes within the elastomer. The sensing responses of the composites towards solvents were observed as variations in electrical resistance. Thermal resistance and glass transition behaviour were examined and correlated with the swelling measurements as evidence for solvent sensing. An optimum level of 3 phr of MWCNTs is understood to lead to the best properties for the NR/MWCNT composites. Finally, the structural morphology and interfacial interactions were found to have correlations with cure reactions, glass transition temperatures and sensing responses of all compositions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry