bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Somewhere over the rainbow… » – (re-)construction élégiaque d’une mémoire collective et populaire : Life on Mars et Ashes to Ashes (BBC1, 2006-2010)
Authors: Bellenger-Morvan Yannick 
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose une étude de deux séries britanniques contemporaines, Life on Mars et Ashes to Ashes (BBC1, 2006-2010) qui toutes deux mettent en scène un retour vers le passé comme condition d’une quête initiatique. La reconstitution des différentes époques, les années 1970 puis les années 1980, est une occasion pour les concepteurs de la série de rendre hommage au patrimoine culturel populaire des Britanniques. Les références musicales et télévisuelles produisent certes un effet de réel, mais elles deviennent surtout des signes à interpréter pour les héros comme pour les spectateurs. Les détournements parodiques sont nombreux, qui jouent sur notre anticipation pour mieux déjouer nos attentes : sous un prétexte humoristique, les deux séries mettent en question la représentation du Réel tel que l’entend Clément Rosset. Nous verrons comment les deux séries ont recours à de nombreux dispositifs métafictionnels afin d’illustrer l’impossibilité pour les héros de saisir leur histoire. Il s’agit, en définitive, d’entamer une réflexion sur le rôle de la télévision dans l’élaboration d’un roman national.
MLN4924, a First-in-Class NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor, Attenuates IFN-β Production
Authors: Song Hui , Huai Wanwan , Yu Zhongxia , Wang Wenwen , Zhao Jing , Zhang Lining , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Neddylation is a posttranslational protein modification that conjugates ubiquitin-like protein neural precursor cell–expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8) to target proteins and regulates diverse cellular processes. MLN4924, a novel NEDD8 activating enzyme inhibitor, which has emerged as a promising anticancer drug, has a multifaceted function by inhibiting the process of neddylation. However, the potential roles of MLN4924 and neddylation in IFN-β production remain unknown. In this study, we show that MLN4924 inhibits TLR3/4- and retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–induced IFN-β expression in different cells, whereas NEDD8 knockdown had no effects on IFN-β expression. The ability of the MLN4924 to inhibit IFN-β production was confirmed in vivo, as mice treated with MLN4924 exhibited decreased levels of IFN-β upon LPS or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stimulation. Furthermore, we show that MLN4924 inhibits IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcriptional activation and prevents IRF3 binding to IFN-β promoter. Our findings suggest that MLN4924 inhibits TLR3/4- and retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–induced IFN-β expression by preventing IRF3 binding to the IFN-β promoter, with a neddylation-independent manner. Therefore, our results provide new insight into the mechanism of MLN4924 and may have significant implications for the treatment of MLN4924.
Moderation Movement in Iran; Moving between Liberalism and Religious Intellectualism
Authors: Amini Ansar , Mosaver Rahmani Amir Hossein 
Published: February 2016

<p>If we consider the moderation movement as a political method, this method can get help from other thoughts and discourses for reaching its desired goal. Accordingly, it seems that this movement can be defined as a thought derived from two discourses. One of them, as the dominant discourse in the global system, is called liberalism and its tolerance and moderation can be observed from John Rawls’s political thought to recent thinkers like John Walls and social righteousness discourse and the proponents of liberal democracy. The other discourse, religious intellectualism in Iran, has emphasized the need for reforms, tolerance, moderation and avoidance of extremes after 1982s. Nowadays it seems that there is no country which does not benefit from the parameters of liberalism like human rights’ discourse, democracy, tolerance, secularism, supporting the rule of law, etc. in its slogans and policies. On the other hand, religious intellectualism in Iran, as a known movement from previous decades up to now, has made an attempt to reconcile religion with the modern world and its political thought is based on such concepts as democracy, tolerance, human rights, spiritual wisdom, etc. This paper aimed to completely describe the main concepts of liberalism as a political philosophy and then religious intellectualism in Iran and reach a comprehensive view of the political thought in the moderation movement. Accordingly, the main question of the study can be posed as “to what extent can the moderation movement be influenced by other discourses dominant in the global system (liberalism) and the religious intellectualism movement?” Undoubtedly, in this study we do not intend to prove that liberalism and religious intellectualism or moderation are the same and the discussion and arguments made in this paper are in line with the effects that moderation has received from external (liberalism) and internal (religious intellectualism) sources. Descriptive-analytic and descriptive-historical methods were used for this purpose. </p>
The long‐term impact of magnesium in seawater on foraminiferal mineralogy: Mechanism and consequences
Authors: van Dijk I. , de Nooijer L. J. , Hart M. B. , Reichart G.‐J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractForaminifera are unicellular protists, primarily known for their calcium carbonate shells that provide an extensive fossil record. This record, ranging from Cambrian to present shows both major shifts and gradual changes in the relative occurrence of taxa producing different polymorphs of carbonate. Here we present evidence for coupling between shifts in calcite‐ versus aragonite‐producing species and periods with, respectively, low and high seawater Mg/Ca throughout the Phanerozoic. During periods when seawater Mg/Ca is <2 mol/mol, low‐Mg calcite‐producing species dominate the foraminiferal community. Vice versa, high‐Mg calcite‐ and aragonite‐producing species are more abundant during periods with relatively high seawater Mg/Ca. This alteration in dominance of the phase precipitated is due to selective recovery of groups producing the favorable polymorph after shifts from calcite to aragonite seas. In addition, relatively high extinction rates of species producing the mineral phase not favored by the seawater Mg/Ca of that time may be responsible for this alteration. These results imply that the current high seawater Mg/Ca will, in the long term, favor prevalence of high‐Mg and aragonite‐producing foraminifera over calcite‐producing taxa, possibly shifting the balance toward a community in which calcite production is less dominant.
Linking nutrient loading and oxygen in the coastal ocean: A new global scale model
Authors: Reed Daniel C. , Harrison John A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed an exponential spread of low‐oxygen regions in the coastal ocean due at least in‐part to enhanced terrestrial nutrient inputs. As oxygen deprivation is a major stressor on marine ecosystems, there is a great need to quantitatively link shifts in nutrient loading with changes in oxygen concentrations. To this end, we have developed and here describe, evaluate, and apply the Coastal Ocean Oxygen Linked to Benthic Exchange And Nutrient Supply (COOLBEANS) model, a first‐of‐its‐kind, spatially explicit (with 152 coastal segments) model, global model of coastal oxygen and nutrient dynamics. In COOLBEANS, benthic oxygen demand (BOD) is calculated using empirical models for aerobic respiration, iron reduction, and sulfate reduction, while oxygen supply is represented by a simple parameterization of exchange between surface and bottom waters. A nutrient cycling component translates shifts in riverine nutrient inputs into changes in organic matter delivery to sediments and, ultimately, oxygen uptake. Modeled BOD reproduces observations reasonably well (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.71), and estimates of exchange between surface and bottom waters correlate with stratification. The model examines sensitivity of bottom water oxygen to changes in nutrient inputs and vertical exchange between surface and bottom waters, highlighting the importance of this vertical exchange in defining the susceptibility of a system to oxygen depletion. These sensitivities along with estimated maximum hypoxic areas that are supported by present day nutrient loads are consistent with existing hypoxic regions. Sensitivities are put into context by applying historic changes in nitrogen loading observed in the Gulf of Mexico to the global coastal ocean, demonstrating that such loads would drive many systems anoxic or even sulfidic.
Rapid automated W‐phase slip inversion for the Illapel great earthquake (2015, Mw = 8.3)
Authors: Benavente Roberto , Cummins Phil R. , Dettmer Jan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe perform rapid W‐phase finite fault inversion for the 2015 Illapel great earthquake (Mw = 8.3). To evaluate the performance of the inversion in a near real time context, we divide seismic stations into four groups. The groups consider stations up to epicentral distances of 30°, 50°, 75°, and 90°, respectively. The results for the first group could have been available within 25 min after the origin time and the results for the last group within 1 h. The four results consistently show a peak slip of ∼10 m near the trench with trench perpendicular rake which is consistent with the tsunami genesis of the event. The slip location is similar to that in the preliminary U.S. Geological Survey solution. The inversion is automated and provides meaningful results within 25 min after the event. This makes the method particularly suited to emergency management and early warning at regional and teletsunami distances.
Emissions of coalbed and natural gas methane from abandoned oil and gas wells in the United States
Authors: Townsend‐Small Amy , Ferrara Thomas W. , Lyon David R. , Fries Anastasia E. , Lamb Brian K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent work indicates that oil and gas methane (CH4) inventories for the United States are underestimated. Here we present results from direct measurements of CH4 emissions from 138 abandoned oil and gas wells, a source currently missing from inventories. Most abandoned wells do not emit CH4, but 6.5% of wells had measurable CH4 emissions. Twenty‐five percent of wells we visited that had not been plugged emitted > 5 g CH4 h−1. Stable isotopes indicate that wells emit natural gas and/or coalbed CH4. We estimate that abandoned wells make a small contribution (<1%) to regional CH4 emissions in our study areas. Additional data are needed to accurately determine the contribution of abandoned wells to national CH4 budgets, particularly measurements in other basins and better characterization of the abundance and regional distribution of high emitters.
An oblate beaming cone for Io‐controlled Jovian decameter emission
Authors: Galopeau P. H. M. , Boudjada M. Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigate the emission cone of the Io‐controlled Jovian decameter radiation from the layout of the sources in the central meridian longitude (CML)‐Io phase diagram where the occurrence of the radiation is plotted versus the central meridian longitude (CML) and the phase of the satellite Io. Four zones of enhanced probability are revealed in this diagram and named Io‐controlled sources Io‐A, Io‐B, Io‐C, and Io‐D. We propose an angular representation of the CML‐Io phase diagram in a coordinate system linked to the local magnetic field in the radio source and the gradient of the magnetic field. The angular distribution of the sources in such a diagram clearly shows that the radio emission is radiated in a hollow cone which is not axisymmetrical around the magnetic field gradient but flattened in the direction of the magnetic field vector. The use of elliptic coordinates allows us to compute the variable opening angle and the flattening of the cone in both Jovian hemispheres. Finally, it comes from our investigation that the flattening of the emission cone allows the theoretical existence of a Jovian active longitude sector much more easily than in the case of an axisymmetrical cone, and the zones of maximum theoretical amplification correspond to the areas of high occurrence probability observed in the CML‐Io phase diagram.
Europa's far ultraviolet oxygen aurora from a comprehensive set of HST observations
Authors: Roth Lorenz , Saur Joachim , Retherford Kurt D. , Strobel Darrell F. , Feldman Paul D. , McGrath Melissa A. , Spencer John R. , Blöcker Aljona , Ivchenko Nickolay 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe analyze a large set of far ultraviolet oxygen aurora images of Europa's atmosphere taken by Hubble's Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) in 1999 and on 19 occasions between 2012 and 2015. We find that both brightness and aurora morphology undergo systematic variations correlated to the periodically changing plasma environment. The time variable morphology seems to be strongly affected by Europa's interaction with the magnetospheric plasma. The brightest emissions are often found in the polar region where the ambient Jovian magnetic field line is normal to Europa's disk. Near the equator, where bright spots are found at Io, Europa's aurora is faint suggesting a general difference in how the plasma interaction shapes the aurora at Io and Europa. The dusk side is consistently brighter than the dawnside with only few exceptions, which cannot be readily explained by obvious plasma physical or known atmospheric effects. Brightness ratios of the near‐surface OI] 1356 Å to OI 1304 Å emissions between 1.5 and 2.8 with a mean ratio of 2.0 are measured, confirming that Europa's bound atmosphere is dominated by O2. The 1356/1304 ratio decreases with increasing altitude in agreement with a more extended atomic O corona, but O2 prevails at least up to altitudes of ∼900 km. Differing 1356/1304 line ratios on the plasma upstream and downstream hemispheres are explained by a differing O mixing ratio in the near‐surface O2 atmosphere of ∼5% (upstream) and
1% (downstream), respectively. During several eclipse observations, the aurora does not reveal any signs of systematic changes compared to the sunlit images suggesting no or only weak influence of sunlight on the aurora and an optically thin atmosphere.
Density variations in the Earth's magnetospheric cusps
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Niehof J. , Collier M. R. , Welling D. T. , Sibeck D. G. , Mozer F. S. , Fritz T. A. , Kuntz K. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeven years of measurements from the Polar spacecraft are surveyed to monitor the variations of plasma density within the magnetospheric cusps. The spacecraft's orbital precession from 1998 through 2005 allows for coverage of both the northern and southern cusps from low altitude out to the magnetopause. In the mid‐ and high‐ altitude cusps, plasma density scales well with the solar wind density (ncusp/nsw∼0.8). This trend is fairly steady for radial distances greater then 4 RE. At low altitudes (r < 4RE) the density increases with decreasing altitude and even exceeds the solar wind density due to contributions from the ionosphere. The density of high charge state oxygen (O>+2) also displays a positive trend with solar wind density within the cusp. A multifluid simulation with the Block‐Adaptive‐Tree Solar Wind Roe‐Type Upwind Scheme MHD model was run to monitor the relative contributions of the ionosphere and solar wind plasma within the cusp. The simulation provides similar results to the statistical measurements from Polar and confirms the presence of ionospheric plasma at low altitudes.
Indian summer monsoon rainfall simulation and prediction skill in the CFSv2 coupled model: Impact of atmospheric horizontal resolution
Authors: Ramu Dandi A. , Sabeerali C. T. , Chattopadhyay Rajib , Rao D. Nagarjuna , George Gibies , Dhakate A. R. , Salunke K. , Srivastava A. , Rao Suryachandra A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study compares the simulation and prediction skill of the Indian summer monsoon at two different horizontal resolutions viz., T126 (~100 km) and T382 (~38 km) using 28 years of hindcast runs of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) model. It is found that the simulation of the mean state of the South Asian summer monsoon, its variance, and prediction skill of the all India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) are better represented in the high‐resolution configuration (T382) of the CFSv2 compared to the low‐resolution (T126) configuration. In the high‐resolution run, the systematic bias in the teleconnection between the AISMR and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has considerably reduced and the teleconnections between the AISMR and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remained same. We hypothesize that the better simulation of mean climate and IOD‐AISMR teleconnection in high‐resolution configuration (T382) of CFSv2 are responsible for the improved prediction skill of AISMR in T382 configuration. Although the T382 configuration of CFSv2 has shown a significant improvement in the simulation and prediction of Indian summer monsoon as compared to the T126 configuration, several parallel efforts are still essential to understand the processes controlling some of the systematic biases of CFSv2 and those efforts are underway as part of the Monsoon Mission project.
Constraints on the composition and particle size of chloride salt‐bearing deposits on Mars
Authors: Glotch Timothy D. , Bandfield Joshua L. , Wolff Michael J. , Arnold Jessica A. , Che Congcong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChloride salt‐bearing deposits on Mars were discovered using the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and have been characterized by both mid‐infrared (MIR) and visible‐to‐near‐infrared (VNIR) remote sensing instruments. The chloride salt‐bearing deposits exhibit a blue slope at MIR wavelengths and a featureless red slope at VNIR wavelengths. These deposits also lack strong 3 µm bands in VNIR spectra, indicating that they are desiccated compared to the surrounding regolith. The lack of VNIR spectral features suggests that an anhydrous chloride salt, the most likely of which is halite, is responsible for the observed spectral slope. In this work, we use laboratory spectra and a hybrid T‐matrix/Hapke light scattering model to constrain the particle sizes and salt abundances of the Martian chloride salt‐bearing deposits. Our work shows that the two broad spectral classes of these deposits observed by THEMIS can be explained by a difference in the particle size of the admixed silicate regolith. In all cases, chloride salt abundances of 10–25% are required to match the THEMIS data. The chloride salt abundances determined in this work suggest deposition in a lacustrine/playa setting or in association with late‐stage groundwater upwelling.
Modeling the Jovian magnetic field and its secular variation using all available magnetic field observations
Authors: Ridley Victoria A. , Holme Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present new models of Jupiter's internal magnetic field and secular variation from all available direct measurements from three decades of spacecraft observation. A regularized minimum norm approach allows the creation of smooth, numerically stable models displaying a high degree of structure. External field from the magnetodisk is modeled iteratively for each orbit. Jupiter's inner magnetosphere is highly stable with time, with no evidence for variation with solar activity. We compare two spherical harmonic models, one assuming a field constant in time and a second allowing for linear time variation. Including secular variation improves data fit with fewer additional parameters than increasing field complexity. Our favored solution indicates a ∼0.012% yr−1 increase in Jupiter's dipole magnetic moment from 1973 to 2003; this value is roughly one quarter of that for Earth. Inaccuracies in determination of the planetary reference frame cannot explain all the observed secular variation. Should more structure be allowed in the solutions, we find the northern hemispherical configuration resembles recent models based on satellite auroral footprint locations, and there is also evidence of a possible patch of reversed polar flux seen at the expected depth of the dynamo region, resembling that found at Earth and with implications for the Jovian interior. Finally, using our preferred model, we infer flow dynamics at the top of Jupiter's dynamo source. Though highly speculative, the results produce several gyres with some symmetry about the equator, similar to those seen at Earth's core‐mantle boundary, suggesting motion on cylinders aligned with the rotation axis.
The cause of advective slowdown of tracer pebbles in rivers: Implementation of Exner‐Based Master Equation for coevolving streamwise and vertical dispersion
Authors: Pelosi A. , Schumer R. , Parker G. , Ferguson R. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTracer pebbles are often used to study bed load transport processes in gravel bed rivers. Models have been proposed for their downstream dispersion, and also for vertical dispersion, but not for the combined effects of downstream and vertical movement. Here we use the Exner‐Based Master Equation to characterize the transient coevolution of streamwise and vertical advection‐diffusion of tracer pebbles under equilibrium transport conditions (no net aggradation or degradation). The coevolution of streamwise and vertical dispersion gives rise to behavior that can differ markedly from that associated with purely streamwise processes with no vertical exchange. One example is streamwise advective slowdown. Particles that are advected downward into zones where the probability of reentrainment becomes asymptotically small are essentially trapped and can no longer participate in streamwise advection. As a result, the mean streamwise velocity of the tracer plume declines in time. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with two field experiments show encouraging agreement despite the simplified boundary conditions in the model.
Canopy‐atmosphere interactions under foggy condition—Size‐resolved fog droplet fluxes and their implications
Authors: El‐Madany T. S. , Walk J. B. , Deventer M. J. , Degefie D. T. , Chang S.‐C. , Juang J.‐Y. , Griessbaum F. , Klemm O. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicrophysical processes of fog and their spatial and temporal pattern are a challenge to study under natural conditions. This work focuses on the development of bidirectional fluxes of fog droplets above a forest canopy in northeastern Taiwan. Bidirectional fluxes occurred regularly, start from the smallest droplet class (<2.66 µm diameter), and subsequently extend to larger droplets up to 7.41 µm diameter. The development of the bidirectional fluxes with positive (upward) fluxes of smaller droplets and downward fluxes of larger fluxes is associated with a temperature gradient and with the activation of fog droplets according to the Köhler theory. Small fog droplets develop close to the canopy as result of evapotranspiration and subsequent condensation. The rapid growth of small fog droplets and the accelerated growth of activated droplets, a process which is more likely to occur at higher levels of the fog layer, lead to a sink of small droplets and a source of larger droplets within the fog. This is in accordance with the observation that positive droplet number fluxes of small fog droplets outnumber the negative fluxes from the larger fog droplets. For liquid water, the net flux is negative.