bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Fundamental Groups and Small Generated Coverings
Authors: Torabi Hamid , Pakdaman Ali , Mashayekhy Behrooz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper is devoted to study some topological properties of the SG subgroup, πsg
1 (X, x), of the quasitopological fundamental group of a based space (X, x), πqtop
1 (X, x), its topological properties as a subgroup of the topological fundamental group πτ
1 (X, x) and its influence on the existence of universal covering of X. First, we introduce small generated spaces which have indiscrete topological fundamental groups and also small generated coverings which are universal coverings in the categorical sense. Second, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the small generated coverings. Finally, by introducing the notion of semi-locally small generatedness we show that the quasitopological fundamental groups of semi-locally small generated spaces are topological groups.
A Relation between two Kinds of Norms for Martingales
Authors: Kikuchi Masato 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Let X be a Banach function space over a nonatomic probability space Ω and let M- denote the collection of all uniformly integrable martingales on Ω. For f = (fn)n∈Z+ ∈Mu, let Mf denote the maximal function of f, and let f∞ denote the almost sure limit of f. We give some necessary and sufficient conditions for X to have the property that if f, g ∈Mu and ‖Mg‖x ≤ ‖Mf‖x, then ‖g∞‖X ≤ C‖f∞‖x.
Identification of a Parameter in Fourth-Order Partial Differential Equations by an Equation Error Approach
Authors: Bush Nathan , Jadamba Baasansuren , Khan Akhtar A. , Raciti Fabio 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The objective of this short note is to employ an equation error approach to identify a variable parameter in fourth-order partial differential equations. Existence and convergence results are given for the optimization problem emerging from the equation error formulation. Finite element based numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Driving factors affecting spatial and temporal variations in the structure of phytoplankton functional groups in a temperate reservoir
Authors: Ćirić Miloš , Gavrilović Bojan , Subakov Simić Gordana , Krizmanić Jelena , Vidović Milka , Zebić Goran 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
During the twenty-five years of existence, water quality has declined and severe blooms of cyanobacteria have occurred in the Grlište Reservoir. Changes in phytoplankton functional groups over time and along horizontal and vertical gradients were investigated in the course of a one-year study in this water-supply reservoir. We identified 19 dominant taxa, classified into 12 phytoplankton associations. The presence of the codons C, P, D and S1 differentiated the transitional from the lacustrine part of the reservoir. The nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Dolichospermum viguieri dominated the phytoplankton community in the epilimnion during August and September, when the reservoir showed P-limitation, but the bloom was not observed. The driving factors that accounted for the main variability in phytoplankton functional groups along the seasonal and vertical profile were identified using the direct gradient analysis (RDA). Our results revealed the importance of two bipolar factors. The first factor explained the variability in phytoplankton due to thermal stratification and physical mixing, each process affecting the algal community in contrasting ways. The second factor was interpreted as reduction vs. oxidation processes. Positive correlation between stratification and water pumping by a drinking water plant indicated that human activities were not severe enough to break down the thermal stability of the reservoir and to cause a cyanobacterial bloom.
Are beetles good indicators of insect diversity in freshwater lakes?
Authors: Pakulnicka Joanna , Buczyńska Edyta , Buczyński Paweł , Czachorowski Stanisław , Kurzątkowska Alicja , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Stryjecki Robert , Frelik Anna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The study verifies the usefulness of aquatic beetles as an indicator of biodiversity of a simple ecological system. Detailed analyses were carried out at the elementary level for the purpose of determining the significance of correlations between the biodiversity of Coleoptera and other groups of aquatic insects in single samples. The relation of selected taxa to selected habitats of the lake Wukśniki (north-eastern Poland) was also investigated. Moreover, the possibility of application of biodiversity surrogates, i.e. higher taxonomic units (genera and orders), in the determination of biodiversity was examined. A significant high correlation was determined between Coleoptera and the total remaining taxa (RR - Remaining Richness) in samples collected in the entire lake. The correlation has the highest value at the species level. The complementarity analysis reveals that the percentage contribution of Coleoptera in the overall biodiversity of the lake is similarly high at the species and genus level, and substantially lower at the family level. In accordance with the hypothesis, aquatic beetles can be used as indicators of the overall biodiversity of insects in the ecosystem of a mesotrophic lake. Biodiversity surrogates, i.e. higher taxonomic units (genera and families), can be applied instead of the species level.
MEG Multivariate Analysis Reveals Early Abstract Action Representations in the Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex
Authors: Tucciarelli Raffaele , Turella Luca , Oosterhof Nikolaas N. , Weisz Nathan , Lingnau Angelika 
Published: December 2015

Understanding other people's actions is a fundamental prerequisite for social interactions. Whether action understanding relies on simulating the actions of others in the observers' motor system or on the access to conceptual knowledge stored in nonmotor areas is strongly debated. It has been argued previously that areas that play a crucial role in action understanding should (1) distinguish between different actions, (2) generalize across the ways in which actions are performed (Dinstein et al., 2008; Oosterhof et al., 2013; Caramazza et al., 2014), and (3) have access to action information around the time of action recognition (Hauk et al., 2008). Whereas previous studies focused on the first two criteria, little is known about the dynamics underlying action understanding. We examined which human brain regions are able to distinguish between pointing and grasping, regardless of reach direction (left or right) and effector (left or right hand), using multivariate pattern analysis of magnetoencephalography data. We show that the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) has the earliest access to abstract action representations, which coincides with the time point from which there was enough information to allow discriminating between the two actions. By contrast, precentral regions, though recruited early, have access to such abstract representations substantially later. Our results demonstrate that in contrast to the LOTC, the early recruitment of precentral regions does not contain the detailed information that is required to recognize an action. We discuss previous theoretical claims of motor theories and how they are incompatible with our data.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is debated whether our ability to understand other people's actions relies on the simulation of actions in the observers' motor system, or is based on access to conceptual knowledge stored in nonmotor areas. Here, using magnetoencephalography in combination with machine learning, we examined where in the brain and at which point in time it is possible to distinguish between pointing and grasping actions regardless of the way in which they are performed (effector, reach direction). We show that, in contrast to the predictions of motor theories of action understanding, the lateral occipitotemporal cortex has access to abstract action representations substantially earlier than precentral regions.
Auxiliary Subunit GSG1L Acts to Suppress Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptor Function
Authors: McGee Thomas P. , Bats Cécile , Farrant Mark , Cull-Candy Stuart G. 
Published: December 2015

AMPA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated cation channels responsible for a majority of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. Their behavior and calcium permeability depends critically on their subunit composition and the identity of associated auxiliary proteins. Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) contribute to various forms of synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction underlies a number of serious neurological conditions. For CP-AMPARs, the prototypical transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein stargazin, which acts as an auxiliary subunit, enhances receptor function by increasing single-channel conductance, slowing channel gating, increasing calcium permeability, and relieving the voltage-dependent block by endogenous intracellular polyamines. We find that, in contrast, GSG1L, a transmembrane auxiliary protein identified recently as being part of the AMPAR proteome, acts to reduce the weighted mean single-channel conductance and calcium permeability of recombinant CP-AMPARs, while increasing polyamine-dependent rectification. To examine the effects of GSG1L on native AMPARs, we manipulated its expression in cerebellar and hippocampal neurons. Transfection of GSG1L into mouse cultured cerebellar stellate cells that lack this protein increased the inward rectification of mEPSCs. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous GSG1L in rat cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons led to an increase in mEPSC amplitude and in the underlying weighted mean single-channel conductance, revealing that GSG1L acts to suppress current flow through native CP-AMPARs. Thus, our data suggest that GSG1L extends the functional repertoire of AMPAR auxiliary subunits, which can act not only to enhance but also diminish current flow through their associated AMPARs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCalcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) are an important group of receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate. These receptors contribute to various forms of synaptic plasticity, and alterations in their expression or regulation are also seen in a number of serious neurological conditions, including stroke, motor neuron disease, and cocaine addiction. Several groups of auxiliary transmembrane proteins have been described that enhance the function and cell-surface expression of AMPARs. We now report that the recently identified auxiliary protein GSG1L decreases weighted mean channel conductance and calcium permeability of CP-AMPARs while increasing polyamine-dependent rectification by diminishing outward current. Our experiments reveal that GSG1L is an auxiliary subunit that can markedly suppress CP-AMPAR function, in both recombinant systems and central neurons.
A cytoreductiv sebészet és hyperthermiás intraperitonealis chemotherapia szerepe a peritoneum malignus elváltozásainak kezelésében
Authors: Tóth Lajos Barna , Bartók Róza , Bogdán Rajcs Sándor , Szigligeti Gábor 
Published: December 2015

Absztrakt
A peritonealis carcinosis megjelenése ma egy igen rossz prognózisú, terminális
kondícióként kezelt kórkép, amelynek terápiájában jelentős előrelépést jelent a
cytoreductiv sebészet (CRS) és a hyperthermiás intraperitonealis chemotherapia
(HIPEC). A hashártyaáttétes pácienseknél eddig alkalmazott hagyományos
műtétekkel és csekély hatású vénás chemotherapiás kezeléssel szemben ez egy
olyan új, személyre szabott, speciális beavatkozás, amellyel a betegek
többségének túlélése meghosszabbítható. Bizonyos jól meghatározott esetekben
lehetőséget nyújt a definitív, kuratív terápia elvégzésére is. A közlemény célja
a hazánkban újnak számító eljárás folyamatának irodalmi adatok szerinti
ismertetése, figyelembe véve saját gyakorlatunkat.
EXTRAÇÃO DO MATERIAL LIPÍDICO PRESENTE NA ESCUMA E NO LODO DE ESGOTO SANITÁRIO ATRAVÉS DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS
Authors: Barros Hilquias Sabino , Souza Luiz Di , Dias Santos Anne Gabriella , Batista dos Santos Adriana Paula , Souza Lindeberg Ventura 
Published: December 2015

A reutilização do material lipídico (ML) presente nos esgotos apresenta-se como alternativa de matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel. Seu uso para obtenção de energia alternativa, trás consigo, benefícios como: disponibilidade imediata, baixo custo e minimização de problemas ambientais. Porém, muitos desafios como a complexidade da matriz, a porcentagem de óleo e a falta de tecnologias prontas para a extração e esterificação deste material, acompanham a confirmação da sua viabilidade técnica e precisam ser resolvidos. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar qual o método de extração é mais eficiente para obtenção do ML da escuma e do lodo de esgoto, sendo estudados diferentes métodos de extração e diferentes tipos de solventes para a extração do óleo. Dentre esses métodos foi possível constatar que o método de Bligh&Dyer (1959), foi o mais eficiente com rendimento de aproximadamente 6% de ML extraído da escuma. Porém, esse método é menos seletivo aos triglicerídeos que favoreceriam uma melhor conversão da matéria prima em biodiesel, o que deve considerar a boa porcentagem extraída dos outros métodos com o uso de hexano e ultrassom como potencialmente viáveis.
PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO DA FINOBRASA
Authors: Tasca Gabriela Guirao , Da Costa Lúcia de Fátima Lúcio Gomes 
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo circunscreve a respeito da Finobrasa Agroindustrial S/A, uma empresa do Grupo Vicunha. Considerada, atualmente, a segunda maior exportadora de frutas do Rio Grande do Norte, a Finobrasa produz mais de 2 milhões de caixas de manga por ano. O objetivo principal é compreender o processo de formação e desenvolvimento das estratégias de internacionalização da empresa. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, amparado pelos preceitos teóricos no tocante a formação de estratégia, sob a metodologia de caráter exploratório-descritivo, de natureza qualitativa (VERGARA, 2009; YIN, 2005). Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado e entrevista respondida por um representante da empresa. Evidenciou-se a convergência entre a teoria disposta sobre as dimensões da estratégia - quais sejam: processo, conteúdo e contexto (DEWIT; MEYER, 2004; PETTIGREW, 1987) - com diversos aspectos práticos, desenvolvidos no cenário real.
Physicochemical Investigations of Scheelite Concentrate Decomposition
Authors: Yar-Mukhamedova G. , Darisheva А. , Kasimzhanov K. , Babazhanov D. , Barkitova B. 
Published: December 2015

<p>In the article results of kinetic studies of autoclave-carbonate decomposition of scheelite concentrates are presented. Studies are carried out in temperature range of 368–523 K, at mixing with a speed of 100–400 revolutions per minute. Solutions of sodium carbonate, mol/ dm<sup>3</sup>: 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0 was used to determine the dependence of the degree of tungsten leaching from scheelite on concentration. It was established, that with increase of concentration of sodium carbonate leaching degree increases and at the concentration of 1.5–2.0 mol/dm<sup>3</sup> it is reached rapid, within 45–60 min, 80−90% of leaching, and the almost complete leaching of tungsten (95.2–99.3%) achieved in 2 h. For interaction of WO<sub>3</sub> with Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution it was obtained the kinetic mode. In this case there is practically no concentration gradient of sodium carbonate at an oxide surface. It is obvious, that increase of the hydrolysis takes place due to the fact that to oxides reaction with a reagent-solvent precedes hydration of their surface. In the adsorbed water molecules due to their interaction with the oxide surface intramolecular bonds are weakened, thereby hydrolysis of<br /> oxide ions coming to the hydrated surface flows more fully.</p>
Data Management in Scholarly Journals and Possible Roles for Libraries – Some Insights from EDaWaX
Authors: Vlaeminck Sven 
Published: December 2015

In this paper we summarize the findings of an empirical study conducted by the EDaWaX-Project. 141 economics journals were examined regarding the quality and extent of data availability policies that should support replications of published empirical results in economics. This paper suggests criteria for such policies that aim to facilitate replications. These criteria were also used for analysing the data availability policies we found in our sample and to identify best practices for data policies of scholarly journals in economics. In addition, we also evaluated the journals’ data archives and checked the percentage of articles associated with research data. To conclude, an appraisal as to how scientific libraries might support the linkage of publications to underlying research data in cooperation with researchers, editors, publishers and data centres is presented.
Sustainable Free: Lessons Learned from the Launch of a Free Service Supporting Publishing in Art History
Authors: Shulman James 
Published: December 2015

Hilary Ballon and Mariet Westermann, writing about the struggles of publishing in art history noted that “It is a paradox of the digital revolution that it has never been easier to produce and circulate a reproductive image, and never harder to publish one.” If publishing in general is in crisis because of the seismic re-ordering in a digital world, the field of art history is the extreme tail of the spectrum; rights holders are accustomed to licensing image content for limited edition print runs. Given this particularly challenging corner of the publishing work, a project initiated by the Metropolitan Museum offers some hope of a collaborative way forward. What sociological re-engineering enabled progress on this problem? It is possible that there are other lessons here too, that might throw at least streaks of light on other process re-engineering provoked by digital innovation in publishing? This paper reviews how a leading repository of art (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) and a non-profit intermediary (ARTstor) created an alternative pathway to provide primary source content in support of image-intensive publishing. This venture is framed in the context of a publishing system moving toward greater freedom and an aim to bring about ever lower (or no) fees to readers.In general, providing academic content for free requires a re-structuring of a public release process – either of processed content or less processed content. To the extent that processing adds value, it might be worth paying for. This case study argues that there are places where community wide interests align, describes what it takes to keep them aligned, and explores what we did collectively to facilitate re-structuring. The conclusion explores whether there are lessons for open access publishing more generally in the example of cross-subsidization among mission (and not only marketing) driven organizations.
Calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer cérvico-uterino, Cartagena (Colombia), 2012
Authors: Castillo-Ávila Irma Yolanda , Canencia-Padilla Johanna , Zurbarán-Lamadrid Mayerlis , Pertuz-Cantillo Daniela , Montes-Padilla Marlon , Jiménez-Chacón Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> determinar la calidad de vida en mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer cérvico-uterino de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia).<br /><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer cérvico-uterino en tratamiento que acudieron a una institución pública de salud de primer nivel de complejidad, de la ciudad de Cartagena; fueron excluidas las mujeres que, además del diagnóstico, tenían otra patología o estaban en condiciones críticas. Tamaño muestral 106 mujeres. Muestreo por conveniencia. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios de la Organización Europea para la Investigación y el Tratamiento del Cáncer (EORTC): el QLQ-C30 para medir calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer y el QOL-CX24, que es un cuestionario complementario y específico para medir calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer cérvico-uterino. Se midieron edad, procedencia, estado civil, número de hijos, ocupación, nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad y la calidad de vida según los dos cuestionarios. Se realiza análisis descriptivo.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> participaron 106 mujeres con promedio de edad de 41,3 años (DE ± 12,5 años). Todas las mujeres pertenecen a los estratos socioeconómicos 1 a 3; el mayor impacto negativo de la enfermedad, según el QLQ-30, se observa en las mujeres de estrato 1. Los aspectos más afectados de la calidad de vida son los relacionados con sus actividades sociales (51,9 %), los estados funcional y físico, la interferencia del tratamiento en su vida familiar (48,1 %), y los problemas económicos causados por la enfermedad (47,2 %). En la función psicológica, el 87,7 % de las mujeres se han sentido preocupadas por su enfermedad. Para la escala específica QOL-CX-24, se encontró que en la dimensión sexual, el 70,7 % ha tenido molestias o irritación vaginal que interfieren en su desempeño.<br /><strong>Conclusión:</strong> el cáncer de cuello uterino afecta de manera importante la calidad de vida de las pacientes que lo padecen. </p>
Una aproximación desde la física a las consecuencias patológicas de la longitud excesiva del cordón umbilical
Authors: Olaya-Contreras Mercedes , Vargas-Moreno William , Bernal-Villegas Jaime Eduardo 
Published: December 2015

<p>Introducción: el cordón umbilical es una estructura incomprendida a pesar de transportar todo lo que un feto necesita para crecer y subsistir. Cada una de sus características es relevante, y la principal es la longitud, la cual, cuando está alterada, se relaciona con pobre pronóstico neurológico y muerte fetal.<br />Materiales y métodos: con base en la revisión de principios físicos, se proponen fórmulas que podrían explicar la importancia de la longitud del cordón por sus repercusiones hemodinámicas.<br />Resultados: se analizó la circulación fetal desde el corazón hasta la red capilar vellositaria en el plato placentario y, por medio de fórmulas físicas, se plantea la importancia de la longitud del cordón en la perfusión fetal.<br />Conclusiones: las complicaciones clínicas conocidas para la excesiva longitud del cordón umbilical fueron analizadas desde el punto de vista de la física, dejando listas las fórmulas para ser alimentadas con datos reales provenientes de doppler fetales y mediciones del cordón umbilical.</p><p> </p>