bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’héritage des pauvres
Authors: Schijman Emilia 
Published: January 2017

Lorsque l’on pense à l’héritage, ce sont immédiatement les classes moyennes et supérieures qui nous viennent à l’esprit. Pour les pauvres, ceux qui n’auraient rien à transmettre, ou si peu, on considère que l’institution de l’héritage n’existe pas, ce qui d’ailleurs les définirait : le manque. Or, loin d’effacer les pratiques classiques d’héritage, la pauvreté les transforme. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique dans le logement social en Argentine (2010‑2013), cet article cherche à montrer comment la pauvreté agit sur les façons de compter lorsqu’il est question de transmission entre les générations.
Design and Validation of a Training Simulator for Laser Capsulotomy, Peripheral Iridotomy, and Retinopexy
Authors: Simpson Sarah M. , Schweitzer Kelly D. , Johnson Davin E. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Ophthalmology trainees commonly learn laser procedures on live patients. A simulator for learning peripheral iridotomy (PI), posterior capsulotomy, and retinopexy may improve patient outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A model eye with artificial tissues was designed. The tissues reacted to laser similarly to human tissues. Inexperienced (n = 6; first- to third-year residents) and experienced (n = 7; fourth- to fifth-year residents and staff) ophthalmic personal were compared on performance of the above laser procedures.

RESULTS:

The inexperienced group required more shots (
P
= .04) and caused more lens markings (
P
= .04) during capsulotomy and had more incomplete retinopexy results (
P
= .04) than the experienced group. The groups did not differ in total shots for PI, average power for retinopexy, or the total time required for any of the procedures.

CONCLUSION:
Our model effectively simulates common ophthalmic laser procedures and is practical for the training of ophthalmology residents.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:56–61.]
Development and evaluation of an ozone deposition scheme for coupling to a terrestrial biosphere model
Authors: Franz Martina , Simpson David , Arneth Almut , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is a toxic air pollutant that can damage plant leaves and substantially affect the plant's gross primary production (GPP) and health. Realistic estimates of the effects of tropospheric anthropogenic O3 on GPP are thus potentially important to assess the strength of the terrestrial biosphere as a carbon sink. To better understand the impact of ozone damage on the terrestrial carbon cycle, we developed a module to estimate O3 uptake and damage of plants for a state-of-the-art global terrestrial biosphere model called OCN. Our approach accounts for ozone damage by calculating (a) O3 transport from 45 m height to leaf level, (b) O3 flux into the leaf, and (c) ozone damage of photosynthesis as a function of the accumulated O3 uptake over the lifetime of a leaf. A comparison of modelled canopy conductance, GPP, and latent heat to FLUXNET data across European forest and grassland sites shows a general good performance of OCN including ozone damage. This comparison provides a good baseline on top of which ozone damage can be evaluated. In comparison to literature values, we demonstrate that the new model version produces realistic O3 surface resistances, O3 deposition velocities, and stomatal to total O3 flux ratios. A sensitivity study reveals that key metrics of the air-to-leaf O3 transport and O3 deposition, in particular the stomatal O3 uptake, are reasonably robust against uncertainty in the underlying parameterisation of the deposition scheme. Nevertheless, correctly estimating canopy conductance plays a pivotal role in the estimate of cumulative O3 uptake. We further find that accounting for stomatal and non-stomatal uptake processes substantially affects simulated plant O3 uptake and accumulation, because aerodynamic resistance and non-stomatal O3 destruction reduce the predicted leaf-level O3 concentrations. Ozone impacts on GPP and transpiration in a Europe-wide simulation indicate that tropospheric O3 impacts the regional carbon and water cycling less than expected from previous studies. This study presents a first step towards the integration of atmospheric chemistry and ecosystem dynamics modelling, which would allow for assessing the wider feedbacks between vegetation ozone uptake and tropospheric ozone burden.
Macro-Scale Model Study of a Tunable Drug Dispensation Mechanism for Controlled Drug Delivery in Potential Wound-Healing Applications
Authors: Mir Mariam , Ansari Umar , Najabat Ali Murtaza 
Published: January 2017

Background Auxetic materials tend to exhibit stretching in the direction of the applied load as well as in the perpendicular direction. This may be an inherent property of the material, or it might be a particular structural characteristic that confers it with auxetic properties. In this study, the auxetic properties of a rotating squares auxetic design were utilized in tandem with a stretching mechanism to manufacture a device that offers the advantages of adjustable pore size and hence tunable drug delivery characteristics. Methods An auxetic polyurethane film was fabricated through the polymer casting technique. An acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic mold for polymer casting was made through additive manufacturing. Stereolithography was used for fabrication of the mechanism that controlled pore size of the polymeric auxetic film. A laminate arrangement of the film and the mechanism was devised, through which movement of the mechanism controlled stretching of the auxetic film underneath. Results Results were analyzed through image processing. It was observed that a 2-dimensional increase (in length and width) of the auxetic film took place that corresponded to an increase in pore size of the film. Several mathematical correlations were drawn up. Conclusions It may be concluded that the first factor controlling drug release kinetics is the pore size of the film. This study explored a prototype mechanism that has the potential for being used in devices for controlled drug delivery or in smart bandage systems that may enhance wound healing in chronic wound treatment.
Surgeon experience affects outcome of forearm arteriovenous fistulae more than outcomes of upper-arm fistulae
Authors: Regus Susanne , Almási-Sperling Veronika , Rother Ulrich , Meyer Alexander , Lang Werner 
Published: January 2017

Introduction There is still an ongoing discussion about the influence of vascular surgeon experience on the immediate and long-term outcome of newly created arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients on hemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to compare failure and patency rates of AVF between experienced consultants and resident trainees with special focus on location of the anastomosis on the forearm or upper arm. Methods Between November 2012 and September 2016, 159 patients (83 on HD and 76 preemptive) received an AVF (90 radiocephalic [RCAVF] on the forearm; 69 brachiocephalic [BCAVF] in the elbow) by two experienced vascular surgeons (group A; n = 74) or five residents in training with one-to-four years of experience (group B; n = 85). We compared the two groups for demographic and treatment data, immediate failures (IF), bleeding complications and patency rates. Results There were no significant differences in demographic data between the two groups. Vessel diameters were significantly lower for forearm compared to upper arm arteries (p = 0.026) and veins (p = 0.05). There was a significantly increased risk for IF in group B for RCAVF (p = 0.003), but not for BCAVF (p = 1.000). Furthermore, the cumulative primary patency was reduced in group B for RCAVF (p<0.001), but not for BCAVF (p = 0.899). Conclusion Surgeon experience seems to have more influence on the immediate and long-term outcome of newly created forearm AVF compared to those located on the upper arm.
Advantage of Sorafenib Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Zhe , Kang Muxing , Zhang Bo , Chen Jianke , Fang Heqing , Ye Qin , Jiang Biao , Wu Yulian 
Published: January 2017

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Among the surgical and nonsurgical treatments available, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sorafenib have been shown to have efficacy. There is little evidence whether combination of these therapies would have additional benefits. Methods In a mouse model of HCC, effects of sorafenib were determined by tumor size, RFA-induced necrosis area (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), microvascular density (MVD; 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and anti-CD31 antibody staining), and tumor perfusion (magnetic resonance imaging). Results The RFA-induced necrosis area was 80.98 ± 9.14 and 69.49 ± 7.46 mm2 in mice administered 80 and 40 mg/kg sorafenib, respectively, but only 57.29 ± 3.39 mm2 in controls. Sorafenib also reduced tumor volume and enhanced RFA-induced tumor destruction in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced both MVD and tumor perfusion. Conclusions The results of our study suggest a potential role for combining RFA with sorafenib for treatment of HCC. Sorafenib could enhance RFA efficiency, possibly through its angiogenesis suppressive effects.
Two-stage Hepatectomy in Two Regional District Community Hospitals: Perioperative Safety and Long-Term Survival
Authors: Griseri Guido , Ceriotti Michela , Percivale Andrea , Franceschi Angelo , Santori Gregorio , Benasso Marco , Pellicci Riccardo 
Published: January 2017

Introduction Surgical resection offers the best chance of cure for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective to obtain curative resection in patients with multiple, bilobar CRLMs that are unresectable in a single procedure. Up to now TSH has been the prerogative of dedicated liver surgery centers. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of TSH also in community hospitals. Methods Of 294 patients operated on for CRLMs between September 1997 and June 2012 in 2 district community hospitals (belonging to the same regional healthcare district), 43 (14.6%) were scheduled for TSH. Thirty-eight/43 received neoadjuvant and/or bridge chemotherapy (2 neoadjuvant only, 4 neoadjuvant and bridge, 32 bridge only). Results The mean follow-up was 35.74 ± 29.53 months. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 31.4%, with a median survival time of 31 months. Twenty-nine patients completed the planned procedure (OS: 42.9%; median 47 months), while 14 did not because of disease progression (OS: 0%; median 13 months). No operative mortality occurred within the first 90 days either after the first or second stage. Conclusions Our results suggest good efficacy and safety of TSH even when performed in a community hospital setting. Shifting patient selection from neoadjuvant to bridge chemotherapy had no impact on outcome once the clearing of the liver had been achieved. In patients presenting with synchronous CRLMs, simultaneous colorectal resection and clearing of the less involved hemiliver as the first surgical step is feasible without any negative impact on outcome.
As mulheres na École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts de Paris: os regulamentos de 1892 a 1937 e suas alterações decorrentes da presença das alunas-mulheres
Authors: Alves Fabiola Cristina 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa os regulamentos da École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Paris, entre o período de 1892 a 1937, com o objetivo de discutir a inclusão da candidatura das mulheres para a formação nessa instituição. Apresenta as alterações adotadas nos usos dos ateliês para a recepção das alunas-mulheres e normativa específica para a permanência de alunas-mães.The women at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts de Paris: 1892 regulations to 1937 and its amendments arising from the presence of the students - women. This article analyses the regulation of the Parisian École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, between 1892 and 1937. Its objective is mapping women participation by the scope of their admission process, ateliers specific using rules and the normative for students that became mothers at this Parisian School of Art. Keywords: Students-women; École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts; regulation between 1892 and 1937.
Mortality trends and the impact of lymphadenectomy on survival for renal cell carcinoma patients with distant metastasis
Authors: Patel Hiten D. , Gorin Michael A. , Gupta Natasha , Kates Max , Johnson Michael H. , Pierorazio Phillip M. , Allaf Mohamad E. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Current treatment paradigms for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) invoke a combination of surgical and systemic therapies. We sought to quantify trends in mortality and performance of lymphadenectomy, as well as impact on survival for patients with mRCC.Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER) (1988‒2011) identified patients with mRCC. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models with competing risksregression were employed to assess survival.Results: 15 060 patients with mRCC were identified, with 6316 (41.9%) undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. Mean number of lymph nodes removed was 6.2, with mean 3.3 positive nodes among 1018 (43.9%) patients with positive nodes. Median overall survival (OS) increased from seven to 11 months (1999‒2010), and finding a positive node decreased median cancer survival from 22 to nine months. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) showed significant decreases in mortality after 2005 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71 [0.60‒0.83] comparing 2010 to 1990). Lymphadenectomy was associated with decreased OS (HR 1.10 [1.03‒1.16]; p=0.002) due to decreased CSS (HR 1.10 [1.04‒1.17]; p<0.001) without increase in other-cause mortality (HR 0.94 [0.79‒1.11]; p=0.455). However, more extensive lymphadenectomy ≥3 lymph nodes removed did not significantly impact OS or CSS. Number of positive lymph nodes was associated with decreased CSS.Conclusions: mRCC continues to carry a poor prognosis, but current treatment paradigms have led to modest improvements in OS and CSS in recent years. Lymphadenectomy was found to play a prognostic rather than therapeutic role in the management of mRCC. The performance of lymphadenectomy should be limited based on clinical judgment and better incorporated into randomizedtrials of new systemic therapies to identify scenarios where implementation may improve survival.
Depression and catastrophizing predict suicidal ideation in tertiary care patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Tripp Dean A. , Nickel J. Curtis , Krsmanovic Adrijana , Pontari Michel , Moldwin Robert , Mayer Robert , Carr Lesley K. , Yang Claire C. , Nordling Jorgen 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: We sought to evaluate psychosocial factors as predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) in a tertiary care outpatient sample of women suffering from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS).Methods: The patients are women managed at tertiary care centres (n=190). Controls were recruited from the community (n=117). Both groups completed questionnaires on demographics, pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), IC/BPS symptoms, and psychological variables. Univariate and multivariate hierarchical regression modelling was conducted to examine the strength of associations and unique effects of psychosocial variables on patient SI.Results: Compared to 6% in healthy controls, 23% of patients endorsed SI in the past two weeks. Correlations between SI, depression, and catastrophizing across controls and cases show that forcontrols, SI is associated with greater pain (0.31; p<0.01) and depression only (0.59; p<0.01). For tertiary care centre cases, SI is associated with pain (0.24; p<0.01), depression (0.64; p<0.01), and catastrophizing (0.35; p<0.01). Regression analyses indicated that psychosocial variables accounted for a significant amount of variance over and above IC/BPS symptoms. Catastrophizing (i.e., helplessness) about pain and depression were significant univariate predictors of SI, but only depression predicted SI in multivariable analyses.Conclusions: Limitations of this study include its cross-sectional design and primarily correlation-based statistics. The present study is the first to implicate multiple psychosocial risk factors over and above IC/BPS-specific symptoms and patient pain experience in SI in women with IC/BPS. Depression in particular is uniquely important in predicting suicidality. These results support a multidisciplinary,proactive approach to IC/BPS involving not only treatment of disease symptoms, but also early detection/treatment of associated psychosocial problems.
Quo Vadis, Europa?
Authors: Whelanová Markéta 
Published: January 2017

Quo Vadis, Europa? Loopholes in the EU Law and Difficulties in the Implementation Process
EU law is a very wide-ranging legal system that comprises thousands of legal acts. It endeavours to regulate many relationships in the Member States of the European Union and effects everyday lives both of individuals and public bodies. EU law is, however, not always positively accepted. Such non-acceptance often follows from the increasing number of cases when EU law cannot be effectively applied on the national level. Significant reason for that lies in the poor quality of EU law.The article describes features that cause ambiquity of EU legislation, its complexity and incompleteness, that have a very detrimental effect on the application of EU law on the national level. Further it refers to defects of form of certain pieces of EU legislation that give rise to questions concerning legal certainty and due implementation into national legal orders. The article contains many illustrative examples supporting the presented points of view and indicates ways to be taken in the future.
Enforcement of Judgments in SEE, CIS, Georgia and Mongolia
Authors: O’Sullivan Kim , Bradautanu Veronica 
Published: January 2017

Enforcement of Judgments in SEE, CIS, Georgia and Mongolia – Challenges and Solutions
The article considers the results of the Assessment of enforcement systems for commercial cases, carried out by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in 2013-2014. In phase I the Assessment looked at the systems in thirteen countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (“CIS+ region”); and in phase II another eight countries were reviewed: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia (“SEE region”).On the basis of the information gathered during the Assessment, the article compares the three forms of enforcement systems and their manifestation in the assessed regions: public (state), private and mixed (hybrid) systems. Using examples from the reviewed jurisdictions, the article discusses the benefits and downsides of each form. There is no preferred form; however, each may borrow elements from the other to result in a stronger system.The Assessment attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the enforcement frameworks and practices and to pinpoint areas that might need reform and attention in order to improve the quality of the service. It looked at the following elements of enforcement: resources and framework, supervision and integrity issues, searching for assets, seizure of assets, sale of assets, speed of enforcement, cost and fees.The article discusses in detail the two areas of enforcement that emerged from the Assessment as most challenging: searching for debtors’ assets and sale of seized assets. Facilitated access to registers, wider use of electronic means of communications and clear process are identified among the contributors to better practice in searching for assets. Similarly, use of electronic platforms, establishing a fair price, ensuring sufficient flexibility in methods and process of sale would help improve the outcome of enforcement.The article further analyses another two components often overlooked by the regulatory bodies and policymakers, which permeate the enforcement system, significantly influencing the enforcement process. This refers to gathering of statistical data about the results of enforcement and its effective use; as well as efficient supervisory system over enforcement agents. The article argues that gathering data about, for example, enforcement timeline and percentage of recovered claims, and publicizing such data shall contribute to improved results. Furthermore, having an adequate complaints system will help build trust in the enforcement profession.
Ionic Liquid-Bonded Fused Silica as a New Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber for the Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Bisphenol A as an Endocrine Disruptor
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Nasim , Matin Amir Abbas , Samadi Naser , Shomali Ashkan , Valizadeh Hassan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Linear ionic liquid bonded to fused silica and its application as a solid-phase microextraction fiber for the extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) from water samples were studied. Afteroptimization of microextraction conditions (15 mL sample volume, extraction time of 40 min, extraction temperature of 30± 1°C, 300 μL acetonitrile as the desorption solvent, and desorption time of 7 min), the fiber was used to extract BPA from packed mineral water, followed by HPLC–UV on an XDB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm id, 3.5 μm particle) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile–water (45 + 55%, v/v) and flow rate of 1 mL . min−1). A low LOD (0.20 μg. L−1) and good linearity (0.9977) in the calibration graph indicated that the proposed method was suitable for the determination of BPA.
Development and Validation of a Fast Stability-Indicating Ion-Paired Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Assay of Thiabendazole and Estimation of Its Related Compounds
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tian Jingzhi , Rustum Abu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Thiabendazole is a benzimidazole-based anthelmintic active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of intestinal pinworm and Strongyloides infections. Thiabendazole is also used as a fungicide to control fungal diseases in fruits and vegetables. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the development and validation of a novel stability-indicating reversed-phase ion-paired HPLC method for the assay of thiabendazole and estimation of its related compounds. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using an isocraticelution at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min using an ACE 5 C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 μm particle size) columnmaintained at 35°C and with UV detection at 300 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 25% acetonitrile and75% 10 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt aqueous solution containing 0.1% methanesulfonic acid. The total run time was only 4 min. The new method was successfully validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The stability-indicating capability of the method was demonstrated through adequate separation of all potential related compounds (from thiabendazole and from each other) present in aged and stressed degraded samples. The ion-paired HPLC method described in this paper is ideal for QC laboratories to conduct routine testing.
Semantiske relasjoner i reformulering
Authors: Fløttum Kjersti 
Published: January 2017

The object of study in this article is the analysis of microsemantic aspects of the reformulation sequence signalled by c'est-à-dire in written French. The aim of the work presented is to explain what language users do when producing reformulations and to clarify the relation between form and function in such operations. Five types of semantic relationships between the reformulated and the reformulating segments are introduced. These constitute the basis of a typology of reformulation functions. The article underlines the explanatory role of the semantic component in a global modular approach of the reformulation, where structural, pragmatic and textual factors are also considered.