bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Patient Blood Management Program and an Outpatient Anemia Management Protocol on Red Cell Transfusions in Oncology Inpatients and Outpatients
Authors: Gross Irwin , Trentino Kevin M. , Andreescu Astrid , Pierson Rhonda , Maietta Richard A. , Farmer Shannon 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background.
Patient blood management (PBM) programs are associated with reduced transfusion usage, reduced hospital costs, and improved patient outcomes. The application of PBM principles in patients with malignant disease might achieve similar results. However, this population presents unique challenges. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a PBM program on blood usage and patient outcomes in cancer patients, particularly in the setting of restricted use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).

Materials and Methods.
A retrospective observational study was performed of patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of malignancy treated at Eastern Maine Medical Center as inpatients or outpatients, or both, from January 2008 through July 2013.

Results.
The proportion of inpatients and outpatients receiving ESAs decreased from 2.9% in 2008 to 1.1% in 2013 (p &lt; .001). During the same period, an increase occurred in the mean dose of intravenous (IV) iron from 447 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 337–556) to 588 mg (95% CI, 458–718). The mean red blood cell (RBC) units transfused per inpatient and outpatient episode decreased from 0.067 to 0.038 unit (p &lt; .001). In inpatients, significant increases occurred in the proportion of single-unit RBC transfusions (p &lt; .001) and patients infused with IV iron (p = .02), and significant decreases in the mean pretransfusion hemoglobin (p = .02) and RBC transfusion rate (p = .04). In-hospital mortality and length of stay did not change significantly during this period.

Conclusion.
Despite the decreased use of ESA therapy, the implementation of a PBM program and outpatient anemia management protocol in cancer patients at our medical center was associated with significant reductions in RBC usage.
The FemtoSpeX facility at BESSY II
Authors: Pontius Niko , Holldack Karsten , Schüßler-Langeheine Christian , Kachel Torsten , Mitzner Rolf 
Published: February 2016

The FemtoSpeX facility of the BESSY II storage ring is dedicated to ultrafast optical-pump & soft x-ray probe experiments. Experimental end-stations for experiments in transmission, reflection, and diffraction geometry are available.
A promoção e difusão da língua portuguesa – vozes de estudantes lusófonos
Authors: Ançã Maria Helena 
Published: February 2016

RESUMO:O interesse atual pela promoção e difusão da Língua Portuguesa e pela sua internacionalização tem conduzido a diferentes iniciativas, em diferentes contextos, nomeadamente no acadêmico. Assim, tendo em conta que os professores de Português são agentes decisivos no processo de difusão da língua, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de conhecer a perspetiva de futuros professores de Português sobre esta questão. Para o efeito, foi passado um questionário em três Universidades (Portugal, Brasil e Cabo Verde), tendo os dados sido tratados na Universidade portuguesa, com recurso ao programa informático NVivo10. Os resultados apontam para a nítida consciência da importância que estes sujeitos têm da difusão da LP, mas da pouca convicção que cada um tem sobre si neste processo. Como conclusão, é sublinhado que a formação de professores de Português terá de integrar uma abordagem mais lata que contemple questões de políticas linguísticas, com o reconhecimento das diferentes dimensões que a LP comporta.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Língua Portuguesa; promoção e difusão; formação de professores de Português. ABSTRACT: The current interest in the promotion and diffusion of the Portuguese language (PL) and in its internationalization has led to various initiatives in different contexts, particularly in the academic one. Thus, given that PL teachers are decisive agents in this dissemination process, a study has been carried out in order to ascertain the standpoint of future PL teachers. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed in three Universities (Portugal, Brazil and Cape Verde), and the data was treated in the Portuguese university, using the NVivo10 software program. The results indicate that these students have a clear awareness of the importance of spreading the PL, but little conviction about their role in this process. The findings emphasize the need to integrate in the training of PL teachers a broader and contemporary approach addressing language policy issues, acknowledging the different dimensions comprising the PL.KEYWORDS: Portuguese language; promotion and diffusion; training of Portuguese language teachers.
Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo primario de páncreas en un paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Riveros-Ramos Lizbeth Carolina , Velasco-Hidalgo Liliana , Shalkow-Klincovstein Jaime , Rojas-Maruri César Mauricio , Cárdenas-Cardos Rocío , Rivera-Luna Roberto 
Published: February 2016

<p>Los tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos son tumores de células pequeñas y redondas derivadas del tejido blando, pertenecen a la familia del sarcoma de Ewing. El tumor neuroectodérmico primario del páncreas es muy poco frecuente, en la literatura sólo se han reportado 17 casos. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad, con diagnóstico de tumor neuroectodérmico primario del páncreas a la que se le realizó una cirugía de Whipple e inició tratamiento de quimioterapia con ciclofosfamida, vincristina, doxorrubicina pegilada, etopósido e ifosfamida y radioterapia. Desde marzo de 2013 la paciente se encuentra en vigilancia, con un periodo de seguimiento de 23 meses. Actualmente, se encuentra en buenas condiciones generales y sin evidencia de actividad tumoral.</p>
Impaired nutritional status in social welfare home residents
Authors: Sroka Zofia , Kozieł Paweł , Walkiewicz Katarzyna , Gętek Monika , Fatyga Edyta , Fizia Katarzyna , Nowakowska-Zajdel Ewa 
Published: February 2016

WstępStarzenie jest naglącym problemem wynikającym z aktualnej demografii. Aspekty zdrowotne starzenia opisywane są jako tzw. wielkie problemy geriatrii, ale ważnym zagadnieniem dotyczącym zwłaszcza pensjonariuszy domów pomocy społecznej (DPS) jest problem niedożywienia. Jest ono uwarunkowane wieloczynnikowo, a jednym z ważnych czynników jego jest wielochorobowość. Celem pracy jest analiza stanu odżywienia pensjonariuszy DPS w zależności od chorób współistniejących, wieku i płci.Materiał i metodyAnalizą objęto 107 badanych (72 kobiety, 35 mężczyzn) w wieku 65–99 lat, przebywających na stałe pod opieką DPS. Do oceny stanu odżywienia wykorzystano kwestionariusz Mini Nutritional Assesment oraz wskaźniki biometryczne. Zebrano także wywiad dotyczący chorób przewlekłych. Wyniki analizowano w programie Statistica 10.0.WynikiPrawidłowy stan odżywienia charakteryzował tylko 22,4% zbadanej populacji, natomiast aż u 33,7% stwierdzono niedożywienie. Wyniki kształtują się podobnie, niezależnie od płci. Niedożywienie zależało od liczby chorób współwystępujących i przyjmowanych leków (p < 0,0001), natomiast nie było zależności między gorszym stanem odżywienia a wiekiem badanych chorych (p > 0,05).WnioskiPrzeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że niedożywienie jest skutkiem wielochorobowości i stosowanych leków oraz może mieć negatywny wpływ na proces leczenia schorzeń przewlekłych.
Are Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Caregivers at Higher Risk for Health Problems?
Authors: Pinho Ana Catarina , Gonçalves Edna 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Patients present with progressive physical impairment, respiratory failure being the main cause of death. A significant portion of patients presents neurobehavioral problems as well. As severe impairment occurs, patients become highly dependent and in general, their families assume the role of primary caregivers, exposing them to stress and other potential causes of disease like insomnia, physical strain from patients’ mobilization and changes on eating habits. The aim of this work is to understand if taking care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis increases disease and health problems on caregivers.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Comprehensive review of the literature published on the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus between 2010 and 2014.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. We found that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caregivers have higher levels of burden, depression and anxiety with lower quality of life. This is associated to age and gender of caregivers, time spent caring, patients’ disability and neurobehavioral changes. Higher sense of support and spirituality on family seem to promote wellbeing.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> On our work, we were able to understand that several factors have influenced caregivers’ quality of life and affect their health. Besides, we could understand that the outcomes studied are related between themselves and, as seen in some of the studies, related to patients’ quality of life itself. Consequently, it has become essential to adopt a holistic approach of these patients and their families, fighting the deteriorating risk factors and investing on health promoters.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Despite the large body of research on family caregiving for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, little has changed and the outcomes measured remain almost the same before and after 2010. The work indicates that caregivers have lower levels of health than the general population. Still additional research is required, in order to better understand and characterized the changes on caregivers’ health. It is nevertheless clear that health care professionals cannot ignore these health changes and need an approach focused not only on patients but also on caregivers.</p>
Injury to the Obturator Artery During Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Toki Shunichi , Nagamachi Akihiro , Yonezu Hiroshi , Adachi Keisuke , Inoue Kazumasa , Naito Masatoshi 
Published: February 2016

Case:
We describe a middle-aged woman who had undergone periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) on both hips successively within a two-year period. Although the first PAO was successfully performed on the right hip without any complications, injury to the obturator artery occurred during the subsequent PAO on the left hip. In this case, the obturator artery seemed to be injured at the medial base of the iliopectineal eminence during osteotomy.

Conclusion:
PAO has been employed as a reconstructive surgery for acetabular dysplasia. However, given the proximity of intrapelvic vascular structures, there is a risk of iatrogenic vascular injury.
Mechanistic Simulation of Polymer Injectivity in Field Tests
Authors: Lotfollahi Mohammad , Farajzadeh Rouhi , Delshad Mojdeh , Al-Abri Al-Khalil , Wassing Bart M. , Al-Mjeni Rifaat , Awan Kamran , Bedrikovetsky Pavel 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPolymer flooding is one of the most widely used chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods because of its simplicity and low cost. To achieve high oil recoveries, large quantities of polymer solution are often injected through a small wellbore. Sometimes, the economic success of the project is only feasible when injection rate is high for high-viscosity solution. However, injection of viscous polymer solutions has been a concern for the field application of polymer flooding.The pressure increase in polymer injectors can be attributed to (1) formation of an oil bank, (2) polymer rheology (shear-thickening behavior near wellbore), and (3) plugging of the reservoir pores by insoluble polymer molecules or suspended particles in the water.In this paper, a new model to history match field injection-rate/pressure data is proposed. The pertinent equations for deep-bed filtration and external-cake buildup in radial coordinates were coupled to the viscoelastic polymer rheology to capture important mechanisms. Radial coordinates were selected to minimize the velocity/shear-rate errors caused by gridblock size in the Cartesian coordinates.The filtration theory was used and the field data history matched successfully. Systematic simulations were performed, and the impact of adsorption (retention), shear thickening, deep-bed filtration, and external-cake formation was investigated to explain the well-injectivity behavior of polymer. The simulation results indicate that the gradual increase in bottomhole pressure (BHP) during early times is attributed to the shear-thickening rheology at high velocities experienced by viscoelastic hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymers around the wellbore and the permeability reduction caused by polymer adsorption and internal filtration of undissolved polymer. However, the linear impedance during external-cake growth is responsible for the sharper increase in injection pressure at the later times.One can use the proposed model to calculate the injectivity of the polymer-injection wells, understand the contribution of different phenomena to the pressure rise in the wells, locate the plugging or damage that may be caused by polymer, and accordingly design the chemical stimulation if necessary.
Application of forward osmosis in reusing the brackish concentrate produced in reverse osmosis plants with secondary treated wastewater as feed solution: a case study
Authors: Wang W. D. , Esparra M. , Liu H. , Xie Y. F. 
Published: February 2016

This study evaluated the feasibility of forward osmosis (FO) in diluting and reusing the concentrate produced in a reverse osmosis (RO) plant in James City County, VA. Secondary treated wastewater (STW) was used as the feed solution. Findings indicated that pH had slight effects on the water flux of the FO membrane. As the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the concentrate was diluted from 12.5 to 1.0 g/L or the temperature in the STW decreased from 23 to 10 °C, the membrane flux decreased from 2.2 to 0.59 and 0.81 L/(m2 h), respectively. The FO membrane showed a good performance in the rejection of organic pollutants, with only a small part of the protein-like substances and disinfection byproducts permeating to the diluted concentrate. During an 89-hour continuous operation, water flux decline due to membrane fouling was not observed. Controlling the TDS in the second-stage FO effluent at 1.5 g/L, approximately 8.3% of the pump energy input could be saved. The consumption of groundwater was reduced from 22.7 × 103 to 10.6 × 103 m3/d. FO was proved to be an effective method in both diluting the discharged concentrate and reducing the energy consumption of RO.
The Rhinitis Control Scoring System: Development and Validation
Authors: Boulay Marie-Eve , Boulet Louis-Philippe 
Published: February 2016

Background Allergic rhinitis is a common health problem that requires regular monitoring of symptoms to provide adequate treatment. There is a need to develop rhinitis control assessment tools that are meaningful and easy to interpret by both the patient and the practitioner. Objective To develop a simple, easy-to-interpret instrument, the Rhinitis Control Scoring System (RCSS), for the assessment of rhinitis control, as a companion tool to the Asthma Control Scoring System previously validated. Methods After a literature review and based on the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma guidelines, allergic rhinitis control parameters were identified. The draft items were subjected to cognitive debriefing regarding instructions, wordings, and response options. The second version of the draft was then pretested and modified according to the results. The final draft of the RCSS, based on the intensity and frequency of symptoms, was then pilot tested with 50 subjects who had allergic rhinitis for validation of some psychometric properties. Each subject completed the RCSS in addition to other rhinitis instruments. They also had nasal peak inspiratory flow measurements. Results The RCSS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.84). There was strong criterion validity between the RCSS scores and the other instruments. The discriminant validity demonstrated as mean RCSS scores differed significantly across groups of patients with different Total Nasal Symptom Score severity (F = 58.8, p < 0.0001). Conclusions This pilot study showed that the RCSS is a simple tool to assess and quantify rhinitis control by using a percentage score This questionnaire allows the quantification of rhinitis control and, therefore, may help guide therapeutic interventions. Combined with the Asthma Control Scoring System, it can provide a global assessment of rhinitis and asthma control. Clinical Trial number NCT00967967.
The Bacterial Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Richness, Diversity, Postoperative Changes, and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Cleland Edward John , Bassiouni Ahmed , Vreugde Sarah , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: February 2016

Background The bacterial microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains poorly understood. Microorganisms are believed to be important contributors to the inflammatory response seen in these patients. Objective To examine the bacterial CRS microbiome by using a pyrosequencing technique and determine the diversity, richness, prevalence, and abundance of bacterial species in these patients. Furthermore, the postoperative changes that occur in the microbiome and correlations with patient outcomes are assessed. Methods Swabs were collected from 23 patients with CRS and 11 controls during surgery. Further postoperative swabs were collected in the CRS group. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the swabs and then sequenced by using 16S ribosomal DNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing. Results A total of 456 unique bacterial species were detected. No difference was seen for richness or diversity between the study groups (p > 0.05). Diversity declined after surgery in the CRS group (p = 0.01). Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most prevalent species. Several significant differences were determined for prevalence and mean relative abundance (MRA) between the study groups. In particular, Acinetobacter johnsonii was more prevalent and had a higher MRA in the controls. Furthermore, the MRA of this species increased after surgery and was associated with improved quality of life. Conclusion This study characterized the sinonasal microbiome in a group of controls and patients with CRS. Important differences in diversity, prevalence, abundance, and temporal changes were described. Of great interest is the potential association between A. johnsonii and health. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between the microbiome and health in the paranasal sinuses.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Ag1478 Inhibits Mucus Hypersecretion in Airway Epithelium
Authors: Takezawa Kumiko , Ogawa Takao , Shimizu Shino , Shimizu Takeshi 
Published: February 2016

Background Mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration are important characteristics of airway inflammation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation induces mucus and inflammatory cytokine secretion from airway epithelial cells. To elucidate the roles of EGFR in airway inflammation, the in vitro effects on mucin production and interleukin (IL) 8 secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells and the in vivo effects on mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal mucosa of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 were examined. Methods The in vitro effects of AG1478 treatment of cultured NCI-H292 cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a induced MUC5AC mucin and IL-8 secretion were evaluated. Hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells, mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium were induced by intranasal instillation of LPS in vivo, and the inhibitory effects of AG1478 by intraperitoneal injection or intranasal instillation were examined. Results AG1478 (1-1000 nM) significantly inhibited both LPS-induced and TNF-α-induced secretion of MUC5AC and IL-8 from cultured NCI-H292 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MUC5AC and IL-8 messenger RNAs was also significantly inhibited. Intranasal instillation of AG1478 one hour after intranasal LPS instillation significantly inhibited LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium, as did intraperitoneal injection of AG1478 one hour before LPS instillation. Conclusions These results indicated that EGFR transactivation plays an important role in mucin and IL-8 secretion from airway epithelial cells. Intranasal instillation of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of upper airway inflammation.
Characterizing Airflow Profile in the Postoperative Maxillary Sinus by Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling: A Pilot Study
Authors: Choi Kevin J. , Jang David W. , Ellison Matthew D. , Frank-Ito Dennis O. 
Published: February 2016

Background Maxillary antrostomy is commonly performed during endoscopic sinus surgery. Little is known about the association surrounding recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis, antrostomy size, and intranasal airflow changes. Furthermore, the interaction between sinus mucosa and airflow is poorly understood. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to investigate postoperative airflow characteristics between diseased and nondiseased maxillary sinuses in subjects with recurrent disease. Methods A retrospective review of patients from a tertiary-level academic rhinology practice was performed. Seven subjects with endoscopic evidence of postoperative maxillary sinus disease that presented as chronic unilateral crusting at least 1 year after bilateral maxillary antrostomies were selected. A three-dimensional model of each subject's sinonasal cavity was created from postoperative computed tomographies and used for CFD analysis. Results Although the variables investigated between diseased and nondiseased sides were not statistically significant, the diseased side in six subjects had a smaller antrostomy, and five of these subjects had both reduced nasal unilateral airflow and increased unilateral nasal resistance on the diseased side. The ratio of posterior wall shear stress (WSS) of the maxillary sinus to the total WSS was higher on the diseased side in six subjects. Results also showed strong correlations between antrostomy and CFD variables on the diseased side than on the nondiseased side. Conclusion This pilot study showed that the majority of the simulated sinonasal models exhibited common characteristics on the side with persistent disease, such as smaller antrostomy, reduced nasal airflow, increased nasal resistance, and increased posterior WSS. Although statistical significance was not established, this study provided preliminary insight into variables to consider in a larger cohort study.