bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of Bidirectional‐Signal Nanoclusters for Two miRNAs Simultaneously Monitoring in Single Cancer Cells
Authors: Jiao Yuting , Zhu Mengting , Wang Xiaomeng , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel finding is herein reported that the bidirectional‐signal nanoclusters self‐assemble simultaneously on the nanoflowers as a result of four‐way folding (FWF) nanoprobes and DNA rolling circle replication reactions. The functionalized FWF nanoprobe containing the identification region for two targets monitoring and the trigger region for amplification signals is first used to activate the clustered amplification for two cancer‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) assays in single cells. Furthermore, the self‐assembled nanoclusters with two‐way amplification signals can provide more reliable information in situ in individual cell. Importantly, this new method can significantly distinguish cancer cells from normal cells and identify changes in the expression levels of cancer‐related miRNAs for single cells. These findings have exciting potential to provide new opportunities for detection and enhance the accuracy of early disease diagnosis.
Asterozoans from the Ludlow Series (upper Silurian) of Leintwardine, Herefordshire, UK
Authors: Gladwell David J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA diverse, upper Silurian asterozoan fauna of 16 species is described from Leintwardine, Herefordshire. The asterozoans, comprising taxa assigned to the Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea are found within the Lower Leintwardine Formation of lower Ludfordian (upper Ludlow) age, predominantly in rocks interpreted as submarine channel deposits. This paper amplifies and revises Spencer's treatment of the fauna within the broader context of British Palaeozoic Asterozoa in the early twentieth century. Owing to the rarity of asterozoan‐bearing deposits in the Palaeozoic and particularly the Silurian, the Leintwardine fauna is significant for understanding the early diversity of the group, and assessing potential diversification trends. The study is based on extensive museum collections and material collected from the Church Hill starfish beds. New observations are made on previously known taxa: the asteroids Hudsonaster? leintwardensis (Salter) (which is reassigned), Coccaster bulbiferus Spencer, Urasterella cf. ruthveni (Forbes) and Palasterina cf. antiqua, the stenurids Rhopalocoma pyrotechnica Salter, Sturtzaster marstoni (Salter), Sturtzaster colvini (Salter), Bdellacoma vermiformis Salter and Antiquaster magrumi Kesling, and the oegophiurid ophiuroids Lapworthura miltoni (Salter) and Furcaster leptosoma (Salter). The asteroids Doliaster sp. and Palasterina sp. are recognized. New species are the stenurids Bdellacoma fortispina sp. nov. and Antiquaster apertisulcus sp. nov., and the oegophiurid Loriolaster fragilicalceus sp. nov., the latter extending the range of the genus to the Ludlovian. Morphological and taxonomic diversity of this fauna is high, compared to the preceding Silurian (with the stenurids comprising a notably diverse component of the fauna), supporting potential asterozoan diversification during the Wenlockian to Ludlovian.
Beyond School Breaks: Reinterpreting the Uses of Film in Classrooms
Authors: Domke Lisa M. , Weippert Tracy L. , Apol Laura 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen using film adaptations of children's literature, teachers often limit learning opportunities to comparisons and contrasts of film and text or use movies as rewards. To develop deeper understandings of film adaptations of literature, students must learn that film adaptations do not merely translate a text but rather reenvision it within a particular cultural and historical moment. To move beyond looking at a film's fidelity to the original book and instead realize that the film is a creative work in its own right, students engage in film analysis in which they attend to a film's images, use of color, music, and camerawork and speculate about the consequences of the filmmakers’ choices. In doing so, students develop critical media literacy skills and meet Common Core State Standards. This article offers a SCREEN Guide created by the authors to facilitate students’ film analysis.
Immunoengineering with biomaterials for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xie Yu‐Qing , Wei Lixia , Tang Li 
Published: January 2018

Cancer immunotherapy has recently shown dramatic clinical success inducing durable response in patients of a wide variety of malignancies. Further improvement of the clinical outcome with immune related cancer treatment requests more exquisite manipulation of a patient's immune system with increased immunity against diseases while mitigating the toxicities. To meet this challenge, biomaterials applied to immunoengineering are being developed to achieve tissue‐ and/or cell‐specific immunomodulation and thus could potentially enhance both the efficacy and safety of current cancer immunotherapies. Here, we review the recent advancement in the field of immunoengineering using biomaterials and their applications in promoting different modalities of cancer immunotherapies, with focus on cell‐, antibody‐, immunomodulator‐, and gene‐based immune related treatments and their combinations with conventional therapies. Challenges and opportunities are discussed in applying biomaterials engineering strategies in the development of future cancer immunotherapies.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Dynamic preservation of Texel Inlet, the Netherlands: understanding the interaction of an ebb-tidal delta with its adjacent coast
Authors: Elias Edwin P.L. , van der Spek Ad J.F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTidal inlets and the associated ebb-tidal deltas can significantly impact the coastal sediment budget due to their ability to store or release large quantities of sand. Nearly 300 million m3(mcm) of sediments were eroded from Texel Inlet's ebb-tidal delta and the adjacent coasts following the closure of the Zuiderzee in 1932. This erosion continues even today as a net loss of 77 mcm was observed between 1986 and 2015. To compensate, over 30 mcm of sand has been placed on the adjacent coastlines since 1990, making maintenance of these beaches the most intensive of the entire Dutch coastal system.Highly frequent and detailed observations of both the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of Texel Inlet have resulted in a unique dataset of this largest inlet of the Wadden Sea, providing an opportunity to investigate inlet sediment dynamics under the influence of anthropogenic pressure. By linking detailed measurements of bathymetric change to direct observations of processes we were able to unravel the various components that have contributed to the supply of sediment to the basin, and develop a four-stage conceptual model describing the multi-decadal adaptation of the ebb-tidal delta.Prior to closure of the Zuiderzee a dynamic equilibrium state (stage 1) existed with a stable ebb-tidal delta. The largest morphological changes occurred in roughly the first 40 years since the closure, and were dominated by the rotation and scouring of large tidal channels and landward retreat of the Noorderhaaks ebb shoal (stage 2; adaptation). Between 1975 and 2001 the general layout of main channels and shoals was stable, but large sediment losses continued to occur (stage 3; equilibrium erosional state). Since 2001, the erosion rates have significantly reduced to 2 mcm a−1(stage 4; stabilisation).Twenty-five years of data on ‘Dynamic Preservation’ prove that sand nourishments are well capable of keeping the coastlines adjacent to the Texel Inlet in place. Moreover, the abundant supply of sediment may also have compensated for the sediment losses on the larger scale of the southern part of the ebb-tidal delta, resulting in a recent stabilisation of its volume. This response illustrates the potential benefits of Dynamic Preservation not only for coastline resilience but also on the larger scale of the inlet system. Such knowledge is essential for future preservation, management and maintenance of inlet systems in the scope of climate change and accelerated sea-level rise.
Malleus Maleficarum: Scrutinizing Sorcery in Cameroon
Authors: Ada Tchoukou Julie Ynes 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research, this article reflects critically on the current involvement of the Cameroonian state in witchcraft accusations. Unlike other African states where witchcraft is connected to religion and culture and as such is far detached from economics and politics, post-colonial Cameroon associates witchcraft and other occult practices with being a major factor in its slow economic development. The state resorted to criminal law in its attempts to eradicate the practice. Its penal code subjects persons accused of witchcraft to imprisonment for up to ten years. This provision has been subject to great criticism, as its application has led to a high conviction rate of indigenous Cameroonians. The aim of this article is not to determine the appropriateness of this approach, but to raise questions and shed light on the various inconsistencies with criminalizing a practice that arguably constitutes an underlying basis of indigenous Cameroonian cultural heritage.
‘Long Live Ratthathammanūn!’: Constitution worship in revolutionary Siam
Authors: FUWONGCHAROEN PULI 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSiam managed to replace royal absolutism with limited monarchy in June 1932 without any chaos or bloodshed. But the transition quickly proved to be far from complete. The country was to undergo a major upheaval before suffering a semi-civil war only about a year after the princely rule was toppled. The new regime, accordingly, began to consider its constitution as a symbol behind which the people could be mobilized. A massive campaign for the document was then launched in late 1933 and it soon culminated in what can be regarded as the practice of constitution worship. This article will look at the campaign in detail, especially with respect to its underlying logics; the aim is to reveal and analyse the attempt by the revolutionary regime to transform the first permanent constitution into a sacred entity. Meanwhile, in pursuing such an aim, this article will shed light on the formation of a constitutional culture in Siam. Given that a basic law had never existed in the country, the article will discuss not only how the state promoted the permanent constitution, but also how the Siamese society encountered and experienced constitutional rule for the first time.
Gene–environment interplay in the etiology of psychosis
Authors: Zwicker Alyson , Denovan-Wright Eileen M. , Uher Rudolf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSchizophrenia and other types of psychosis incur suffering, high health care costs and loss of human potential, due to the combination of early onset and poor response to treatment. Our ability to prevent or cure psychosis depends on knowledge of causal mechanisms. Molecular genetic studies show that thousands of common and rare variants contribute to the genetic risk for psychosis. Epidemiological studies have identified many environmental factors associated with increased risk of psychosis. However, no single genetic or environmental factor is sufficient to cause psychosis on its own. The risk of developing psychosis increases with the accumulation of many genetic risk variants and exposures to multiple adverse environmental factors. Additionally, the impact of environmental exposures likely depends on genetic factors, through gene–environment interactions. Only a few specific gene–environment combinations that lead to increased risk of psychosis have been identified to date. An example of replicable gene–environment interaction is a common polymorphism in theAKT1gene that makes its carriers sensitive to developing psychosis with regular cannabis use. A synthesis of results from twin studies, molecular genetics, and epidemiological research outlines the many genetic and environmental factors contributing to psychosis. The interplay between these factors needs to be considered to draw a complete picture of etiology. To reach a more complete explanation of psychosis that can inform preventive strategies, future research should focus on longitudinal assessments of multiple environmental exposures within large, genotyped cohorts beginning early in life.
Whitney equisingularity of families of surfaces in ℂ3
Authors: RUAS M.A.S. , SILVA O.N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study families of singular surfaces in ℂ3 parametrised by $\mathcal {A}$-finitely determined map germs. We consider the topological triviality and Whitney equisingularity of an unfolding F of a finitely determined map germ f : (ℂ2, 0) → (ℂ3, 0). We investigate the following question: topological triviality implies Whitney equisingularity of the unfolding F? We provide a complete answer to this question, by giving counterexamples showing how the conjecture can be false.
Clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections in Bamako, Mali
Authors: Kone B. , Sarro Y. S. , Maiga M. , Sanogo M. , Somboro A. M. , Diarra B. , Togo A. C. G. , Coulibaly N. , Dembele B. P. P. , Goita D. , Baya B. , Kone A. , Diabaté S. , Polis M. A. , Belson M. , Dao S. , Orsega S. , Achenbach C. J. , Murphy R. L. , Diallo S. , Siddiqui S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe global spread of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may be due to HIV/AIDS and other environmental factors. The symptoms of NTM and tuberculosis (TB) disease are indistinguishable, but their treatments are different. Lack of research on the epidemiology of NTM infections has led to underestimation of its prevalence within TB endemic countries. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pulmonary NTM in Bamako. A cross-sectional study which include 439 suspected cases of pulmonary TB. From 2006 to 2013 a total of 332 (76%) were confirmed to have sputum culture positive for mycobacteria. The prevalence of NTM infection was 9.3% of our study population and 12.3% of culture positive patients. The seroprevalence of HIV in NTM group was 17.1%. Patients who weighed <55 kg and had TB symptoms other than cough were also significantly more likely to have disease due to NTM as compared to those with TB disease who were significantly more likely to have cough and weigh more than 55 kg (OR 0.05 (CI 0.02–0.13) and OR 0.32 (CI 0.11–0.93) respectively). NTM disease burden in Bamako was substantial and diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary disease in TB endemic countries should consider the impact of NTM.
Short-term storage of the oocytes affects the ploidy status in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae
Authors: dos Santos Matheus Pereira , do Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira , Yasui George Shigueki , Pereira Nycolas Levy , Fujimoto Takafumi , Senhorini José Augusto , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn fish, many factors can affect reproduction during in vitro fertilization, therefore determination of the factors that affect affecting gamete quality is needed. However, few studies have focused on gamete quality and the ploidy status. This study was conducted to elucidate whether oocyte storage can affect ploidy status, survival, and embryo viability in the characid species Astyanax altiparanae. Oocytes were stored in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 26°C, then aliquots were fertilized immediately after extrusion (control) and also after 60, 120, 180, and 240 min of storage. Fertilization and hatching rates were measured, and the developmental stages were analyzed at each stage before describing the main abnormalities. Ploidy status was analyzed by flow cytometry and blood smear. In the control group, 100% of the samples were diploid. After treatment for 60 min, 95.56 ± 4.44% samples were diploid and 4.44 ± 4.44% were triploid. After 120 min, 94.44 ± 9.62% of the samples was diploid and 5.56 ± 5.56% were triploid; 100% of the samples were diploid after 180 min and, after 240 min, there was no survival. In other treatments, the highest percentage of hatching was after 60 min (88.93 ± 5.15%; P = 0.015), and treatment with 180 min storage resulted in the highest percentage of abnormal larvae (95.76 ± 12.67%; P = 0.012). These results show that oocyte storage can affect ploidy status and may be an interesting parameter for analysis in studies on chromosome set manipulation and micromanipulation.
A framework for enriching lexical semantic resources with distributional semantics
Authors: BIEMANN CHRIS , FARALLI STEFANO , PANCHENKO ALEXANDER , PONZETTO SIMONE PAOLO 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present an approach to combining distributional semantic representations induced from text corpora with manually constructed lexical semantic networks. While both kinds of semantic resources are available with high lexical coverage, our aligned resource combines the domain specificity and availability of contextual information from distributional models with the conciseness and high quality of manually crafted lexical networks. We start with a distributional representation of induced senses of vocabulary terms, which are accompanied with rich context information given by related lexical items. We then automatically disambiguate such representations to obtain a full-fledged proto-conceptualization, i.e. a typed graph of induced word senses. In a final step, this proto-conceptualization is aligned to a lexical ontology, resulting in a hybrid aligned resource. Moreover, unmapped induced senses are associated with a semantic type in order to connect them to the core resource. Manual evaluations against ground-truth judgments for different stages of our method as well as an extrinsic evaluation on a knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation benchmark all indicate the high quality of the new hybrid resource. Additionally, we show the benefits of enriching top-down lexical knowledge resources with bottom-up distributional information from text for addressing high-end knowledge acquisition tasks such as cleaning hypernym graphs and learning taxonomies from scratch.
Knowledge Management: a Systems Case Study from Shearman & Sterling LLP
Authors: Beaumont Jon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPre-2013, Shearman & Sterling employed only two full-time knowledge management (KM) professionals across the globe. As Jon Beaumont describes, there was no centralised method of storage or retrieval for knowledge and Attorneys would have to contend with searching the firm's Document Management System (DMS), SharePoint intranet, internal discussion boards or ten disparate knowledge systems for document and matter information. ‘Knowledge Center’ was launched in 2015, following two years of planning, aimed at consolidating firm systems and providing users with a single interface to access any required know-how. This article will touch upon the consolidation and migration of information, but focus predominantly on Knowledge Center itself, examining functionality, search, filtering and browse. Processes for better knowledge identification of both document and matter know-how, all of which have contributed to the success of Knowledge Center, shall also be considered.
POLITICAL PARTIES, IMMIGRATION, AND PANETHNICITY
Authors: Mora G. Cristina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMost studies on panethnicity have focused on the United States, leaving researchers with little understanding of how it becomes institutionalized in areas with different racial politics and histories. Drawing on fifty-two in-depth interviews with Latin American immigrant leaders, political party operatives, and bureaucrats, in addition to fourteen weeks of participant observation, I examine the establishment of panethnic Latino coalitions in the Barcelona, Spain, which has witnessed a sharp increase in Latin American migration. I argue that unlike in the United States, in Spain political parties play a critical role in establishing panethnic coalitions. They do so by enabling the development of panethnic civic organizations that they hope will be politically loyal to them. Latin American immigrant leaders respond to these efforts by cooperating with parties while also resisting political pressure. Specifically, immigrant leaders forge networks with one another that cross party lines, use media to promote the nonpartisan aspects of panethnicity, and construct cultural and instrumental narratives about panethnic unity. These strategies help immigrant leaders weather political shifts and make panethnicity seem to have arisen organically. Panethnicity is forged as a strategic, cultural, and experiential form of community identification precisely through this interaction between parties, immigrant leaders, and media. Implications for understanding how panethnicity becomes institutionalized and avenues for further international research on panethnicity are discussed.
A review of preservational variation of fossil inclusions in amber of different chemical groups
Authors: McCoy Victoria E. , Soriano Carmen , Gabbott Sarah E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTFossils in amber are a particularly important and unique palaeobiological resource. Amber is best known for preserving exceptionally life-like fossils, including microscopic anatomical details, but this fidelity of preservation is an end-member of a wide spectrum of preservation quality. Many amber sites only preserve cuticle or hollow moulds, and most amber sites have no fossils at all. The taphonomic processes that control this range in preservation are essentially unknown. Here, we review the relationship between amber groups and fossil preservation, based on published data, to determine whether there is a correlation between resin type and aspects of preservation quality. We found that ambers of different chemistry demonstrated statistically significant differences in the preservational quality and the propensity of a site to contain fossils. This indicates that resin chemistry does influence preservational variation; however, there is also evidence that resin chemistry alone cannot explain all the variation. To effectively assess the impact of this (and other) variables on fossilisation in amber, and therefore biases in the amber fossil record, a more comprehensive sampling of bioinclusions in amber, coupled with rigorous taphonomic experimentation, is required.