bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural Motor Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Sanjeevan Teenu , Mainela-Arnold Elina 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder that affects language and motor development in the absence of a clear cause. An explanation for these impairments is offered by the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH), which argues that motor difficulties in SLI are due to deficits in procedural memory. The aim of this study was to test the PDH by examining the procedural motor learning abilities of children with and without SLI.

Method
Thirteen children with SLI and 14 age-matched typically developing children completed the following procedural measures: (a) a knot-tying task as a measure of motor sequencing and (2) a mirror-drawing task as a measure of visual–motor adaptation.

Results
Although children with SLI produced significantly more errors on certain knot-tying tasks, they performed comparably on others. Also, children with SLI performed comparably with typically developing children on the mirror-drawing task.

Conclusions
The PDH requires reframing. The sequence learning deficits in SLI are modest and specific to more difficult tasks. Visual–motor adaptation, on the other hand, appears to be unaffected in SLI.
Chandra and ALMA observations of the nuclear activity in two strongly lensed star-forming galaxies
Authors: Massardi M. , Enia A. F. M. , Negrello M. , Mancuso C. , Lapi A. , Vignali C. , Gilli R. , Burkutean S. , Danese L. , De Zotti G. 
Published: October 2017

Aim. According to coevolutionary scenarios, nuclear activity and star formation play relevant roles in the early stages of galaxy formation. We aim at identifying them in high-redshift galaxies by exploiting high-resolution and high-sensitivity X-ray and millimeter-wavelength data to confirm the presence or absence of star formation and nuclear activity and describe their relative roles in shaping the spectral energy distributions and in contributing to the energy budgets of the galaxies.
Methods. We present the data, model, and analysis in the X-ray and millimeter (mm) bands for two strongly lensed galaxies, SDP.9 (HATLAS J090740.0-004200) and SDP.11 (HATLAS J091043.1-000322), which we selected in the Herschel-ATLAS catalogs for their excess emission in the mid-IR regime at redshift ≳1.5. This emission suggests nuclear activity in the early stages of galaxy formation. We observed both of them with Chandra ACIS-S in the X-ray regime and analyzed the high-resolution mm data that are available in the ALMA Science Archive for SDP.9. By combining the information available in mm, optical, and X-ray bands, we reconstructed the source morphology.
Results. Both targets were detected in the X-ray, which strongly indicates highly obscured nuclear activity. ALMA observations for SDP.9 for the continuum and CO(6-5) spectral line with high resolution (0.02 arcsec corresponding to ~65 pc at the distance of the galaxy) allowed us to estimate the lensed galaxy redshift to a better accuracy than pre-ALMA estimates (1.5753 ± 0.0003) and to model the emission of the optical, millimetric, and X-ray band for this galaxy. We demonstrate that the X-ray emission is generated in the nuclear environment, which strongly supports that this object has nuclear activity. On the basis of the X-ray data, we attempt an estimate of the black hole properties in these galaxies.
Conclusions. By taking advantage of the lensing magnification, we identify weak nuclear activity associated with high-z galaxies with high star formation rates. This is useful to extend the investigation of the relationship between star formation and nuclear activity to two intrinsically less luminous high-z star-forming galaxies than was possible so far. Given our results for only two objects, they alone cannot constrain the evolutionary models, but provide us with interesting hints and set an observational path toward addressing the role of star formation and nuclear activity in forming galaxies.
Epistemic responsibility as an edifying force in academic research: investigating the moral challenges and opportunities of an impact agenda in the UK and Australia
Authors: Chubb Jennifer , Reed Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe requirement to anticipate, articulate and evaluate the impact of research is a growing part of academic labor. A research impact agenda in the UK and Australia reflects a drive from Governments to see a return on the public investment of research. Some view this as symptomatic of a marketised higher education system, in which knowledge is a commodity as opposed to an object of intrinsic value and dismiss the latter view as nostalgic and unrealistic. Within a research context where knowledge continues to be politicized, long-standing philosophical concerns concerning the value of knowledge and its purpose are re-rehearsed and revisited. Discourse concerning the preservation of freedom in an age of increased accountability can be seen to give rise to increased moral and emotional dissonance amongst pockets of the academic community. At the same time, the academic community can be largely seen to possess a strong moral sense of epistemic responsibility toward the societal contribution of useful knowledge. This piece, based upon research that examined the philosophical challenges with respect to an impact agenda facing academics in the UK and Australia, will serve to provoke further discussion about the challenges posed by an impact agenda whilst also acting as a provocation for academics to locate and harness a sense of epistemic responsibility in order to respond to the impact agenda. This may enable a departure away from narrow conceptions of knowledge and its instrumentalism, thus supporting the academic community and its actors in forming a more holistic view of the value of knowledge within this context.
Synthesis and properties of 2-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted thiochromones
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. 
Published: October 2017

Data on the methods of synthesis, chemical reactivity and biological activity of 2-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted thiochromones are integrated and described systematically. Particular sections of the review address 2-arylthiochromones (thioflavones), 2-alkyl- and 2,3-dialkyl-substituted thiochromones and functionalized thiochromones with electron-donating (amino, hydroxy or mercapto group) or electron-withdrawing (cyano, nitro, formyl or carboxyl group or halogen atom) groups in positions 2 and/or 3. Analysis of published data indicates that chemical transformations of thiochromones, including functional derivatives, are rarely accompanied by thiopyrone ring opening, which distinguishes these compounds from representatives of the chromone system. Reaction conditions and product yields and data on the biological activities of some compounds of this class are given.
The bibliography includes 189 references.
Poly(organo)phosphazenes: recent progress in the synthesis and applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery
Authors: Khan Rizwan Ullah , Wang Li , Yu Haojie , Zain-ul-Abdin  , Akram Muhammad , Wu Jialiang , Haroon Muhammad , Ullah Raja Summe , Deng Zheng , Xia Xia 
Published: October 2017

It is a highly desirable goal of researchers to develop effective biomaterials with minimum recovery time and affordable treatment expense for tissue engineering and drug delivery. In this scenario, numerous synthetic and natural polymers have been used. Among those synthetic polymers, polyorganophosphazenes (POPs) have got much attention as highly promising candidates for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Polyorganophosphazenes are hybrid polymers containing inorganic backbone consisting of alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms with two organic side groups. POPs possess a wide range of unique properties, i.e., synthetic flexibility, biocompatibility, osteocompatibility, osteoinductivity, sustainability and degradability into harmless end products with predictable degradation rate and adjustable mechanical strength. Moreover, their tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic and stimuli responsive properties add extra points to their use in biomedical applications. In addition, their various polymeric forms, i.e., microspheres, nano/microfibres, micelles, membranes, polymersomes, hydrogels and nano-conjugate linear polymers provide different carriers to efficiently deliver various hydrophilic/hydrophobic therapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the most recent progress that has been made in the synthesis and applications of POPs in tissue engineering and their different polymeric forms used for drug delivery. Moreover, we have also summarized the effect of different side groups on the overall efficiency of POPs.
The bibliography includes 239 references.
Polyelectrolyte multilayers: preparation and applications
Authors: Izumrudov Vladimir A. , Mussabayeva Binur Kh. , Murzagulova Kunnaz B. 
Published: October 2017

The review concerns the results of studies on the synthesis of polyelectrolyte coatings on charged surfaces. These coatings represent nanostructured systems with clearly defined tendency to self-assembly and self-adjustment, which is of particular interest for materials science, biomedicine and pharmacology. A breakthrough in this area of knowledge is due to the development and introduction of a new technique, so-called layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of nanofilms. The technique is very simple, viz., multilayers are formed as a result of alternating treatment of a charged substrate of arbitrary shape with water-salt solutions of differently charged polyelectrolytes. Nevertheless, efficient use of the LbL method to fabricate nanofilms requires meeting certain conditions and limitations that were revealed in the course of research on model systems. Prospects for applications of polyelectrolyte layers in various fields are discussed.
The bibliography includes 58 references.
NOX4-dependent neuronal autotoxicity and BBB breakdown explain the superior sensitivity of the brain to ischemic damage
Authors: Casas Ana I. , Geuss Eva , Kleikers Pamela W. M. , Mencl Stine , Herrmann Alexander M. , Buendia Izaskun , Egea Javier , Meuth Sven G. , Lopez Manuela G. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Schmidt Harald H. H. W. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Why the brain is uniquely sensitive to hypoxia and which cells are involved is incompletely understood. Here we identify that, upon ischemic stroke, in endothelial cells and neurons the reactive oxygen-forming NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) causes breakdown of the BBB and neuronal cell death. This mechanism is unique to the brain and not found in other forms of ischemia in the body. Genetic deletion of either cell type (endothelial or neuronal) or pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 leads to a significant reduction of infarct volume and direct neuroprotection. This mechanism explains the unique vulnerability of the hypoxic brain compared with other organs and provides a clear rationale for first-in-class neuroprotective therapies in stroke.
Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities
Authors: Frainer André , Primicerio Raul , Kortsch Susanne , Aune Magnus , Dolgov Andrey V. , Fossheim Maria , Aschan Michaela M. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing a rapid biogeographic change following the highest warming rates observed around the globe in recent decades. Currently, there are no studies of how the observed shifts in species composition are affecting Arctic marine ecosystem functioning at a biogeographic scale. We address this issue via functional biogeography and show that increasing temperatures and reduced ice coverage are associated with the borealization of Arctic fish communities. We find that large body-sized piscivorous and semipelagic boreal species are replacing small-bodied benthivorous Arctic species, likely affecting biomass production in the benthic and pelagic compartments and their coupling. The documented speed and magnitude of climate-driven borealization will profoundly alter ecosystem functioning in the Arctic.
Environmental and geographic variables are effective surrogates for genetic variation in conservation planning
Authors: Hanson Jeffrey O. , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Riginos Cynthia , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceTo protect biodiversity for the long term, nature reserves and other protected areas need to represent a broad range of different genetic types. However, genetic data are expensive and time-consuming to obtain. Here we show that freely available environmental and geographic variables can be used as effective surrogates for genetic data in conservation planning. This means that conservation planners can, with some confidence, design protected area systems to represent intraspecific genetic diversity without investing in expensive programs to obtain and analyze genetic data.
Replication of early and recent Zika virus isolates throughout mouse brain development
Authors: Rosenfeld Amy B. , Doobin David J. , Warren Audrey L. , Racaniello Vincent R. , Vallee Richard B. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with multiple pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) including microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, lissencephaly, the loss of white and gray matter volume and acute myelitis. Using organotypic brain slice cultures, we determined that ZIKV replicates across different embryonic developmental stages, and viral infection can disrupt proper brain development leading to congenital CNS complications. These data illustrate that all lineages of ZIKV tested are neurotropic, and that infection may disrupt neuronal migration during brain development. The results expand our understanding of neuropathologies associated with congenital Zika virus syndrome.
Caffeine ingestion enhances Wingate performance: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Grgic Jozo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe positive effects of caffeine ingestion on aerobic performance are well‐established; however, recent findings are suggesting that caffeine ingestion might also enhance components of anaerobic performance. A commonly used test of anaerobic performance and power output is the 30‐second Wingate test. Several studies explored the effects of caffeine ingestion on Wingate performance, with equivocal findings. To elucidate this topic, this paper aims to determine the effects of caffeine ingestion on Wingate performance using meta‐analytic statistical techniques. Following a search through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SportDiscus®, 16 studies were found meeting the inclusion criteria (pooled number of participants = 246). Random‐effects meta‐analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) for peak power output and mean power output was performed. Study quality was assessed using the modified version of the PEDro checklist. Results of the meta‐analysis indicated a significant difference (p = .005) between the placebo and caffeine trials on mean power output with SMD values of small magnitude (0.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.31; +3%). The meta‐analysis performed for peak power output indicated a significant difference (p = .006) between the placebo and caffeine trials (SMD = 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.47 [moderate magnitude]; +4%). The results from the PEDro checklist indicated that, in general, studies are of good and excellent methodological quality. This meta‐analysis adds on to the current body of evidence showing that caffeine ingestion can also enhance components of anaerobic performance. The results presented herein may be helpful for developing more efficient evidence‐based recommendations regarding caffeine supplementation.
‘It is not only an artist village, it is much more than that’1. The binding and dividing effects of the arts on a community
Authors: van der Vaart Gwenda , van Hoven Bettina , Huigen Paulus P P 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The value of ‘the arts’ in community development is increasingly being recognized. This paper contributes to emerging insights on the various impacts of the arts on communities by highlighting when and how they can have binding and dividing effects on a community. We draw on a participatory research project conducted in Pingjum, a village in the Netherlands that hosts many cultural activities and in which many artists live. We discuss how the arts in Pingjum influence the community in the village. In our discussion, we pay attention to the sense of community that the arts generate, the meeting opportunities they provide and how the community is engaged by some artists. Our study shows that the influence of the arts is context-dependent, with the arts having both binding and dividing effects on the community in Pingjum. In terms of the value of the arts for community development, we emphasize three key issues: that the arts (i) do not have only advantages for a community; (ii) do not engage the entire community; and (iii) could potentially contribute to community fragmentation. Given these issues, we argue that the arts should be considered as one of several supportive means in community development processes. Ideally, they are integrated into a wider community development strategy and planning, and exist alongside other associations and activities in a community. In this way, the arts can contribute to the robustness of a community and assist it in developing the capacity and resources to flourish.
A numerical method for the approximation of reachable sets of linear control systems
Authors: Shao Lizhen , Zhao Fangyuan , Hu Guangda 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, a numerical method for the approximation of reachable sets of linear control systems is discussed. First a continuous system is transformed into a discrete one with Runge–Kutta methods. Then based on Benson’s outer approximation algorithm for solving multiobjective optimization problems, we propose a variant of Benson’s algorithm to sandwich the reachable set of the discrete system with an inner approximation and an outer approximation. By specifying an approximation error, the quality of the approximations measured in Hausdorff distance can be directly controlled. Furthermore, we use an illustrative example to demonstrate the working of the algorithm. Finally, computational experiments illustrate the superior performance of our proposed algorithm compared to a recent algorithm in the literature.
FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN): Molecular clouds toward W 33; possible evidence for a cloud–cloud collision triggering O star formation
Authors: Kohno Mikito , Torii Kazufumi , Tachihara Kengo , Umemoto Tomofumi , Minamidani Tetsuhiro , Nishimura Atsushi , Fujita Shinji , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Tsuda Yuya , Kuriki Mika , Kuno Nario , Ohama Akio , Hattori Yusuke , Sano Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe observed molecular clouds in the W 33 high-mass star-forming region associated with compact and extended H ii regions using the NANTEN2 telescope as well as the Nobeyama 45 m telescope in the J = 1–0 transitions of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O as part of the FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN) legacy survey. We detected three velocity components at 35 km s−1, 45 km s−1, and 58 km s−1. The 35 km s−1 and 58 km s−1 clouds are likely to be physically associated with W 33 because of the enhanced 12CO J = 3–2 to J = 1–0 intensity ratio as $R_{\rm 3\mbox{-}2/1\mbox{-}0} &gt; 1.0$ due to the ultraviolet irradiation by OB stars, and morphological correspondence between the distributions of molecular gas and the infrared and radio continuum emissions excited by high-mass stars. The two clouds show complementary distributions around W 33. The velocity separation is too large to be gravitationally bound, and yet not explained by expanding motion by stellar feedback. Therefore, we discuss whether a cloud–cloud collision scenario likely explains the high-mass star formation in W 33.
Restorative Justice as the Rx for Mistreatment in Academic Medicine: Applications to Consider for Learners, Faculty, and Staff
Authors: Acosta David , Karp David R. 
Published: October 2017

The mistreatment of learners is an ongoing issue at U.S. medical schools. According to responses to the 2017 Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire, 39.3% of medical students nationally reported being mistreated. Many articles have been published on the topic of mistreatment at medical schools over the last 20 years. These articles have focused primarily on the definition of mistreatment, the impact of mistreatment, and initiatives put into place to help mitigate the problem. To date, very little attention has been paid to repairing the harm caused by mistreatment and rebuilding community trust. Academic medicine is in need of new forums of interaction to achieve more positive learning and workplace environments.
The authors discuss restorative justice practices and the potential applications that they may have in academic medicine learning and workplace environments to serve vulnerable students, faculty, and staff who are targets of mistreatment. Restorative justice practices are used to convene groups of people to engage in substantive dialogue about consequential issues that impede community functioning. This process can help a group identify and gain mutual understanding of the personal and collective harm that has occurred, create the conditions that incentivize offenders to admit responsibility rather than deny or minimize the harm, and explore and define a set of problem-solving steps to address the harm and rebuild community trust.
Renal Replacement Therapy Modality in the ICU and Renal Recovery at Hospital Discharge*
Authors: Bonnassieux Martin , Duclos Antoine , Schneider Antoine G. , Schmidt Aurélie , Bénard Stève , Cancalon Charlotte , Joannes-Boyau Olivier , Ichai Carole , Constantin Jean-Michel , Lefrant Jean-Yves , Kellum John A. , Rimmelé Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy is a major concern in ICUs. Initial renal replacement therapy modality, continuous renal replacement therapy or intermittent hemodialysis, may impact renal recovery. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of initial renal replacement therapy modality on renal recovery at hospital discharge.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study of all ICU stays from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, with a “renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury” code using the French hospital discharge database.

Setting:
Two hundred ninety-one ICUs in France.

Patients:
A total of 1,031,120 stays: 58,635 with renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury and 25,750 included in the main analysis.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements Main Results:
PPatients alive at hospital discharge were grouped according to initial modality (continuous renal replacement therapy or intermittent hemodialysis) and included in the main analysis to identify predictors of renal recovery. Renal recovery was defined as greater than 3 days without renal replacement therapy before hospital discharge. The main analysis was a hierarchical logistic regression analysis including patient demographics, comorbidities, and severity variables, as well as center characteristics. Three sensitivity analyses were performed. Overall mortality was 56.1%, and overall renal recovery was 86.2%. Intermittent hemodialysis was associated with a lower likelihood of recovery at hospital discharge; odds ratio, 0.910 (95% CI, 0.834–0.992) p value equals to 0.0327. Results were consistent across all sensitivity analyses with odds/hazards ratios ranging from 0.883 to 0.958.

Conclusions:
In this large retrospective study, intermittent hemodialysis as an initial modality was associated with lower renal recovery at hospital discharge among patients with acute kidney injury, although the difference seems somewhat clinically limited.