bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between anxiety and cognitive performance in an elderly population with a cognitive complaint
Authors: Delphin‐Combe F. , Bathsavanis A. , Rouch I. , Liles T. , Vannier‐Nitenberg C. , Fantino B. , Dauphinot V. , Krolak‐Salmon P. 
Published: April 2016

Background and purposeAlmost half of elderly patients being consulted in memory clinics present anxiety disorders, either with or without an associated depressive syndrome. This study investigates the relationship between the level of anxiety and cognitive performance in a population complaining of memory difficulties.MethodsThe study population (n = 149) was selected from the EVATEM cohort, which included subjects aged 65 years or older. All subjects presented memory complaints and patients with depression were excluded. Anxiety level was assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. A standard neuropsychological battery, including a free and cued episodic memory test, was administered to examine the different processes of verbal episodic memory, visual memory, executive, visuoconstructive and instrumental functions.ResultsSubjects with moderate to severe anxiety had worse performance than subjects with no anxiety in retrieval and storage processes of verbal episodic memory (respectively P = 0.004 and P = 0.02) and in visual recognition memory (P = 0.01). No relationship was found between anxiety and executive, visual‐constructive or instrumental functions.ConclusionAnxiety impacts several stages of verbal memory, notably the processes of storage and retrieval, and visual recognition memory within a population having cognitive complaints. This study suggests that anxiety should be considered as a factor of memory vulnerability for patients being treated in memory clinics.
Frequency and predictors of acute ischaemic lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging in young patients with a clinical diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Tanislav C. , Grittner U. , Fazekas F. , Thijs V. , Tatlisumak T. , Huber R. , von Sarnowski B. , Putaala J. , Schmidt R. , Kropp P. , Norrving B. , Martus P. , Gramsch C. , Giese A. K. , Rolfs A. , Enzinger C. 
Published: April 2016

Background and purposeAcute lesions in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are important as they are associated with increased risk for recurrence. Characteristics associated with acute lesions in young TIA patients were therefore investigated.MethodsThe sifap1 study prospectively recruited a multinational European cohort (n = 5023) of patients aged 18–55 years with acute cerebrovascular event. The detection of acute ischaemic lesions was based on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). The frequency of DWI lesions was assessed in 829 TIA patients who met the criteria of symptom duration <24 h and their association with demographic, clinical and imaging variables was analysed.ResultsThe median age was 46 years (interquartile range 40–51 years); 45% of the patients were female. In 121 patients (15%) ≥1 acute DWI lesion was detected. In 92 patients, DWI lesions were found in the anterior circulation, mostly located in cortical‐subcortical areas (n = 63). Factors associated with DWI lesions in multiple regression analysis were left hemispheric presenting symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27−2.91], dysarthria (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.38−3.43) and old brain infarctions on MRI (territories of the middle and posterior cerebral artery: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.42−4.15; OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.02−5.69, respectively).ConclusionsIn young patients with a clinical TIA 15% demonstrated acute DWI lesions on brain MRI, with an event pattern highly suggestive of an embolic origin. Except for the association with previous infarctions there was no clear clinical predictor for acute ischaemic lesions, which indicates the need to obtain MRI in young individuals with TIA.
Carotid plaque echogenicity predicts cerebrovascular symptoms: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jashari F. , Ibrahimi P. , Bajraktari G. , Grönlund C. , Wester P. , Henein M. Y. 
Published: April 2016

Background and purposeMany reports have shown an association between hypoechoic (echolucent) carotid atherosclerotic plaques and unstable features. In this meta‐analysis our aim was to determine the role of carotid plaque echogenicity in predicting future cerebrovascular (CV) symptoms.MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Center Register) up to September 2015 were systematically searched. Studies with ultrasound‐based characterization of carotid artery plaque echogenicity and its association with focal neurological symptoms of vascular origin were eligible for analysis. In the meta‐analysis, heterogeneity was measured using I2 statistics and publication bias was evaluated using the Begg–Mazumdar test. In addition several comparisons between subgroups were performed.ResultsOf 1387 identified reports, eight studies with asymptomatic patients and three studies with symptomatic patients were meta‐analyzed. Pooled analysis showed an association between echolucent carotid plaques and future CV events in asymptomatic patients [relative risk 2.72 (95% confidence interval 1.86–3.96)] and recurrent symptoms in symptomatic patients [relative risk 2.97 (95% confidence interval 1.85–4.78)]. The association was preserved for all stenosis degrees in asymptomatic patients, whilst patients with echolucent plaques and severe stenosis were at higher risk of future events. Also, computer‐assisted methods for assessment of carotid plaque echogenicity and studies analyzing ultrasound data collected after the year 2000 showed better prediction.ConclusionsIn asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, analysis of carotid plaque echogenicity could identify those at high risk of CV events.
Stem‐galling moths provide cetoniine beetles with feeding sites via sap exudation of invasive alien plants
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuo , Sugiura Shinji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe alien moth Epiblema sugii (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) induces stem galls on an invasive alien weed, Ambrosia trifida. During summer, along riverbanks in central Japan, the native insects Protaetia brevitarsis, P. orientalis submarumorea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), and Camponotus vitiosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) feed on the sap exuded from the galls. The cetoniine beetles are highly aggregated among the galls and make wounds on the galls to facilitate sap exudation. Feeding on gall sap may be beneficial to the beetles due to the efficient intake of water and sugar, and the beetles’ inflicting wounds and feeding on the sap seem to have little effect on the gallers. This is a unique finding, where alien plant–galler interaction provides a feeding site for native insects.
The diversity and composition of moth assemblages of protected and degraded raised bogs in Ireland
Authors: Flynn Ciara , Griffin Christine T. , Coll John , Williams Christopher D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Peatlands are globally important habitats, which act as net carbon stores. As a result of drainage, peat extraction and agricultural intensification, raised bogs in the midlands of Ireland are a diminishing and increasingly fragmented peatland habitat. A network of protected sites has been established, which is intended to represent the best abiotic and plant community systems.

Lepidoteran communities are an important component of raised bog biodiversity and may be useful as biodiversity indicators, yet they are a neglected area of research.

We address this by surveying night‐flying macro‐moths on six protected and six degraded raised bogs to establish whether there is a distinct moth fauna associated with the wettest areas of protected sites by comparing them to assemblages found on degraded sites where this wet habitat has been lost.

In general, differences between moth assemblages on protected and degraded raised bogs are rather subtle, with assemblages on both site types generally similar. But, a number of species were found to be associated with protected sites, three of which are bog‐associated species of conservation concern and may be particularly vulnerable due to the continuing loss of the wettest areas of raised bogs.

Degraded sites were found to harbour a significant number of bog‐associated species of conservation concern and may have a role to play in peatland invertebrate conservation, hitherto undervalued. To determine this, further research is required to describe the invertebrate fauna of these sites and of marginal areas of protected sites.
Association of clinical parameters with periodontal bacterial haemolytic activity
Authors: Wong Benedicta K. J. , McGregor Neil R. , Butt Henry L. , Knight Rachel , Liu Louise Ye , Darby Ivan B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine whether haemolytic activity of subgingival bacteria is associated with periodontitis clinical parameters and to identify which bacteria produce the haemolysins.Materials and MethodsSubgingival plaque samples from 22 untreated chronic periodontitis patients were investigated by culture and identified with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.ResultsTotal aerobic and anaerobic bacterial viable counts, percentage distribution of α‐ and β‐haemolytic bacteria were significantly elevated in diseased sites in relation to healthy sites (p < 0.001). Periodontal pathogens were more frequently detected at diseased sites: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema sp., Prevotella sp., Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium sp., Campylobacter sp., Capnocytophaga sp., and Selenomonas sp. Haemolytic unidentifiable species and Gram‐positive anaerobes such as Slackia exigua, Solobacterium moorei, and Bulledia extructa were also more frequently detected at diseased sites. In diseased sites, the presence of different haemolytic characteristics was more strongly correlated with clinical measures of disease than the mere absence or presence of specific species. The strongest correlation with probing pocket depth was observed for overall β‐haemolytic toxicity (r = 0.73, p < 0.001).ConclusionA strong association was observed between subgingival bacterial haemolytic activity and clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Further investigations are warranted to delineate the role of haemolysins in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Mechanical and chemical implant decontamination in surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: preclinical “in vivo” study
Authors: Carral Cristina , Muñoz Fernando , Permuy María , Liñares Antonio , Dard Michel , Blanco Juan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a titanium brush and chemical agents following surgical treatment of experimental peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsSix implants were installed in the mandible of eight beagle dogs (unit of analysis) 3 months after tooth extraction. Experimental peri‐implantitis was induced 3 months later. The defects were randomly allocated in three treatment groups: (a) TiBrush™ + sodium hypochlorite + chlorhexidine (TBH), (b) TiBrush™ + chlorhexidine (TB), (c) an ultrasonic device + chlorhexidine (US). The distal implant in each hemimandible was used as control, and no treatment was done. Clinical and histological measurements were performed after 3 months of healing.ResultsAll treatment procedures resulted in statistically significant improvements of all clinical parameters. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in terms of woven bone height (primary outcome). However, there were differences between test and control groups in terms of inflammation, bone defect depth and bone refill without differences between TBH and TB groups.ConclusionsResolution of peri‐implantitis after access surgery and decontamination of peri‐implant surfaces with TiBrush™ with or without sodium hypochlorite is possible. However, the concomitant use of sodium hypochlorite has minor effect on treatment outcomes.
Delirium as a Predictor of Physical and Cognitive Function in Individuals Aged 80 and Older After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Eide Leslie S. P. , Ranhoff Anette H. , Fridlund Bengt , Haaverstad Rune , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Kuiper Karel K. J. , Nordrehaug Jan E. , Norekvål Tone M. ,   The Delirium in Octogenarians Undergoing Cardiac Surgery or Intervention–CARDELIR Investigators
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine how development of delirium after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) could predict activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADLs (IADL) disability, cognitive function, and self‐reported health in individuals aged 80 and older.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary university hospital.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 80 and older undergoing elective SAVR or TAVI (N = 136).MeasurementsDelirium was assessed for 5 days using the Confusion Assessment Method. The Barthel Index, Nottingham Extended ADL Scale, and SF‐12 were used to determine ADL and IADL ability and self‐reported health at baseline and 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Cognition was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsParticipants had lower IADL scores 1 month after SAVR than at baseline (baseline 58, 1 month: delirium 42, no delirium 50, P ≤ .02), but scores had returned to baseline levels at 6 months. The Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐12) Physical Component Summary (PCS) score was higher at 6‐month follow‐up (48) than at baseline (39), especially in participants who did not develop delirium (P < .001). No differences in other outcomes were found. Regression models suggest that delirium may help predict IADL disability 1 month after baseline (P ≤ .07) but does not predict large differences in ADL disability, cognitive function, or SF‐12‐scores. Individuals who underwent TAVI and developed delirium had lower ADL (baseline 19, 1‐month 16, P < .001) and IADL (baseline 49, 1‐month 40, P = .003) scores at 1‐month follow‐up. SF‐12 PCS score (baseline 30) increased from baseline to 1‐ (35, P = .04) and 6‐ (35, P = .02) month follow‐up in individuals who underwent TAVI and did not develop delirium. Delirium after TAVI predicted greater ADL and IADL disability at 1‐month but not at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionIndividuals who develop delirium after SAVR and TAVI have poorer short‐term IADL function but do not seem to have long‐term reductions in physical, mental, or self‐reported health.
Interventions for adults with mild intellectual disabilities and mental ill‐health: a systematic review
Authors: Osugo M. , Cooper S. ‐A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have very high rates of mental ill health. Standard psychosocial interventions designed for the general population may not be accessible for people with mild intellectual disabilities, and drug usage tends to be modified – ‘start low and go slow’. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on psychological, pharmacological and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) interventions for adults with mild intellectual disabilities and mental ill health.MethodPRISMA guidelines were followed. Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched, as was grey literature and reference lists of selected papers. Papers were selected based on pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A proportion of papers were double reviewed. Data was extracted using a structured table. Study registration: PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015015218.ResultsInitially, 18 949 records were identified. Sixteen studies were finally selected for inclusion; seven on psychological therapies, two on group exercise, five on antipsychotics and two on antidepressants. They do not provide definitive evidence for effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, nor address whether starting low and going slow is wise, or causes sub‐optimum therapy.ConclusionsThere are few evidence‐based interventions for people with mild intellectual disabilities and mental ill‐health; existing literature is limited in quantity and quality. Group cognitive‐behavioural therapies have some supporting evidence – however, further randomised control trials are required, with longer‐term follow‐up, and larger sample sizes.
Chronic nausea and vomiting: insights into underlying mechanisms
Authors: Törnblom H. , Abrahamsson H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChronic nausea and vomiting are common and debilitating symptoms in adults. There are some fundamental problems that make our understanding of mechanisms difficult, diagnostic definitions of patient‐cohorts being central. As there is no unifying mechanism with a direct link to chronic nausea or vomiting, it is most likely that several mechanisms interact, e.g., pylorus function and its relation to gastric emptying, or gastric sensory and motor function. In this mini‐review, we highlight the roles and evidence for brain–gut interactions as well as gastrointestinal neurophysiologic, motor, sensory, and hormonal factors involved in the pathophysiology of chronic nausea and vomiting. There are factors not mentioned in the text, mostly as they are not well characterized in the setting of chronic symptoms or only in animal models.
A symbiosis‐dedicated SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 13II isoform controls the formation of a stable host–microbe interface in symbiosis
Authors: Huisman Rik , Hontelez Jan , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Wen Jiangqi , Bisseling Ton , Limpens Erik 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobium bacteria are accommodated in specialized membrane compartments that form a host–microbe interface. To better understand how these interfaces are made, we studied the regulation of exocytosis during interface formation.

We used a phylogenetic approach to identify target soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor‐attachment protein receptors (t‐SNAREs) that are dedicated to symbiosis and used cell‐specific expression analysis together with protein localization to identify t‐SNAREs that are present on the host–microbe interface in Medicago truncatula. We investigated the role of these t‐SNAREs during the formation of a host–microbe interface.

We showed that multiple syntaxins are present on the peri‐arbuscular membrane. From these, we identified SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 13II (SYP13II) as a t‐SNARE that is essential for the formation of a stable symbiotic interface in both AM and rhizobium symbiosis. In most dicot plants, the SYP13II transcript is alternatively spliced, resulting in two isoforms, SYP13IIα and SYP13IIβ. These splice‐forms differentially mark functional and degrading arbuscule branches.

Our results show that vesicle traffic to the symbiotic interface is specialized and required for its maintenance. Alternative splicing of SYP13II allows plants to replace a t‐SNARE involved in traffic to the plasma membrane with a t‐SNARE that is more stringent in its localization to functional arbuscules.
The R2R3 MYB transcription factor PavMYB10.1 involves in anthocyanin biosynthesis and determines fruit skin colour in sweet cherry (Prunus aviumL.)
Authors: Jin Wanmei , Wang Hua , Li Maofu , Wang Jing , Yang Yuan , Zhang Xiaoming , Yan Guohua , Zhang Hong , Liu Jiashen , Zhang Kaichun 
Published: April 2016

SummarySweet cherry is a diploid tree species and its fruit skin has rich colours from yellow to blush to dark red. The colour is closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by transcription factors that regulate the expression of multiple structural genes. However, the genetic and molecular bases of how these genes ultimately determine the fruit skin colour traits remain poorly understood. Here, our genetic and molecular evidences identified the R2R3 MYB transcription factor PavMYB10.1 that is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and determines fruit skin colour in sweet cherry. Interestingly, we identified three functional alleles of the gene causally leading to the different colours at mature stage. Meanwhile, our experimental results of yeast two‐hybrid assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PavMYB10.1 might interact with proteins PavbHLH and PavWD40, and bind to the promoter regions of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes PavANS and PavUFGT; these findings provided to a certain extent mechanistic insight into the gene's functions. Additionally, genetic and molecular evidences confirmed that PavMYB10.1 is a reliable DNA molecular marker to select fruit skin colour in sweet cherry.
Riluzole in augmentation of fluvoxamine for moderate to severe obsessive–compulsive disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Emamzadehfard Sahra , Kamaloo Atefeh , Paydary Koosha , Ahmadipour Ahmad , Zeinoddini Arefeh , Ghaleiha Ali , Mohammadinejad Payam , Zeinoddini Atefeh , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: April 2016

AimThe aim of the present randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 8‐week trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of riluzole augmentation of fluvoxamine in treatment of patients with moderate to severe obsessive–compulsive disorder.MethodsPatients were randomized into two parallel groups to receive fluvoxamine plus placebo or fluvoxamine plus riluzole (50 mg twice daily). All patients, regardless of their treatment group, received fluvoxamine at 100 mg/day for the initial 4 weeks of the study followed by 200 mg/day of fluvoxamine for the rest of the trial course. A total of 50 patients (25 in each group) were evaluated for response to treatment using the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) at baseline and at weeks 4, 8 and 10. Side‐effects were recorded using predesigned checklists in each visit. Repeated‐measure analysis of variance showed a significant effect for time × treatment interaction in the Y‐BOCS total score and a significant effect for time × treatment interaction in the Y‐BOCS Compulsive subscale score between the two groups.ResultsRepeated‐measure analysis of variance showed a significant effect for time × treatment interaction (Greenhouse–Geisser corrected: F = 4.07, d.f. = 1.22, P = 0.04) in the Y‐BOCS total score and a significant effect for time × treatment interaction (Greenhouse–Geisser corrected: F = 4.45, d.f. = 1.33, P = 0.028) in the Y‐BOCS Compulsive subscale score between the two groups. Riluzole augmentation therapy demonstrated higher, partial or complete treatment response according to the Y‐BOCS total scores.ConclusionRiluzole may be of clinical use as an adjuvant agent to fluvoxamine in treatment of moderate to severe obsessive–compulsive disorder.