bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug eluting stents are superior to bare metal stents to reduce clinical outcome and stent‐related complications in CKD patients, a systematic review, meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Crimi Gabriele , Gritti Valeria , Galiffa Vincenzo Alessandro , Scotti Valeria , Leonardi Sergio , Ferrario Maurizio , Ferlini Marco , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Oltrona Visconti Luigi , Klersy Catherine 
Published: December 2017

AimsTo compare clinical outcome in Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving coronary stents according to stent type BMS versus DES and 1st generation versus 2nd generation DES.Methods and ResultsPubMed, Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies including CKD patients. CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min. We selected n = 35 articles leading to 376 169 patients, of which 76 557 CKD patients receiving BMS n = 35,807, 1st generation DES n = 37,650, or 2nd generation DES n = 3100. Patient receiving DES, compared to BMS, had a 18% lower all‐cause mortality (RR 0.82, 95%CI 0.71‐0.94). The composite of death or myocardial infarction (MI) was lower in DES patients (RR 0.78, 95%CI 0.67‐0.91), as was stent thrombosis (ST) (RR 0.57, 95%CI 0.34‐0.95), target vessel/lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR) (RR 0.69, 95%CI 0.57‐0.84) and death for cardiovascular cause (RR 0.43, 95%CI 0.25‐0.74). We also found a gradient between 1st and 2nd generation DES, through BMS. Second, compared to 1st generation DES, were associated with further relative risk (RR) reduction of −18% in of all‐cause death, and lower incidence of stent‐related clinical events: −39% RR of ST risk; −27 RR of TVR/TLR risk.ConclusionsDES in CKD patients undergoing PCI were superior to BMS in reducing major adverse clinical events. This was possibly explained, by a lower risk of stent‐related events as ST and TVR or TLR. Second, compared to 1st generation DES may furtherly reduce clinical events.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty to improve candidacy of patients evaluated for transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Arsalan Mani , Khan Samir , Golman Jake , Szerlip Molly , Mahoney Cecile , Herbert Morley , Brown David , Mack Michael , Holper Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesEvaluate the role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in improving candidacy of patients for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundPatients who are not candidates for TAVR may undergo BAV to improve functional and clinical status.Methods117 inoperable or high‐risk patients with critical aortic stenosis underwent BAV as a bridge‐to‐decision for TAVR. Frailty measures including gait speed, serum albumin, hand grip, activities of daily living (ADL); and NYHA functional class before and after BAV were compared.ResultsMean age was 81.6 ± 8.5 years and the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 9.57 ± 5.51, with 19/117 (16.2%) patients non‐ambulatory. There was no significant change in mean GS post‐BAV, but all non‐ambulatory patients completed GS testing at follow‐up. Albumin and hand grip did not change after BAV, but there was a significant improvement in mean ADL score (4.85 ± 1.41 baseline to 5.20 ± 1.17, P = 0.021). The number of patients with Class IV congestive heart failure (CHF) was significantly lower post BAV (71/117 [60.7%] baseline versus 18/117 [15.4%], P = 0.008). 78/117 (66.7%) of patients were referred to definitive valve therapy after BAV.ConclusionsWhen evaluating frailty measures post BAV, we saw no significant improvement in mean GS, however, we observed a significant improvement in non‐ambulatory patients and ADL scores. We also describe improved Class IV CHF symptoms. With this improved health status, the majority of patients underwent subsequent valve therapy, demonstrating that BAV may improve candidacy of patients for TAVR.
Biological effects of melatonin on osteoblast/osteoclast cocultures, bone, and quality of life: Implications of a role for MT2 melatonin receptors, MEK1/2, and MEK5 in melatonin‐mediated osteoblastogenesis
Authors: Maria Sifat , Samsonraj Rebekah M. , Munmun Fahima , Glas Jessica , Silvestros Maria , Kotlarczyk Mary P. , Rylands Ryan , Dudakovic Amel , van Wijnen Andre J. , Enderby Larry T. , Lassila Holly , Dodda Bala , Davis Vicki L. , Balk Judy , Burow Matt , Bunnell Bruce A. , Witt‐Enderby Paula A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Melatonin Osteoporosis Prevention Study (MOPS) demonstrated that nightly melatonin resulted in a time‐dependent decrease in equilibrium ratios of serum osteoclasts and osteoblasts in perimenopausal women. This study examines mechanisms related to the ratios of osteoblasts and osteoclasts using coculture models (transwell or layered) of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). Human MSC/PBMC cocultures exposed to melatonin in osteogenic (OS+) medium for 21 days induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization; however, only in layered cocultures did melatonin inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Melatonin effects were mediated through MT2 melatonin receptors, MEK1/2, and MEK5. In layered but not transwell cocultures, melatonin increased OPG:RANKL ratios by inhibiting RANKL, suggesting that contact with osteoclasts during osteoblastogenesis inhibits RANKL secretion. Melatonin modulated expression of ERK1/2, ERK5, β1 integrin, GLUT4, and IRβ that was dependent upon the type of coculture; however, in both cultures, melatonin increased RUNX2 and decreased PPARγ expression, indicating a role for metabolic processes that control osteogenic vs adipogenic cell fates of MSCs. Furthermore, melatonin also has osteoblast‐inducing effects on human adipose‐derived MSCs. In vivo, one‐year nightly melatonin (15 mg/L) given to neu female mice in their drinking water increased pErk1/2, pErk5, Runx2, and Opg and Rankl levels in bone consistent with melatonin's already reported bone‐enhancing effects. Finally, analysis of daily logs from the MOPS demonstrated a significant improvement in mood and perhaps sleep quality in women receiving melatonin vs placebo. The osteoblast‐inducing, bone‐enhancing effects of melatonin and improvement in quality of life suggest that melatonin is a safe and effective bone loss therapy.
Effect of Intravenous Administration of Cobalt Chloride to Horses on Clinical and Hemodynamic Variables
Authors: Burns T.A. , Dembek K.A. , Kamr A. , Dooley S.B. , Dunbar L.K. , Aarnes T.K. , Bednarski L.S. , O'Brien C. , Lakritz J. , Byrum B. , Wade A. , Farmer R. , Tan S. , Toribio R.E. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundCobalt chloride (CoCl2) is administered to racehorses to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of parenterally administered CoCl2.ObjectivesTo describe the effects of weekly intravenous doses of CoCl2 on Standardbred horses.AnimalsFive, healthy Standardbred mares.MethodsProspective, randomized, experimental dose‐escalation pilot. Five Standardbred mares were assigned to receive 1 of 5 doses of CoCl2 (4, 2, 1, 0.5, or 0.25 mg/kg) weekly IV for 5 weeks. Physical examination, blood pressure, cardiac output, and electrocardiography (ECG) were evaluated for 4 hours after administration of the first and fifth doses. Blood and urine samples were collected for evaluation of cobalt concentration, CBC and clinical chemistry, and hormone concentrations.ResultsAll mares displayed pawing, nostril flaring, muscle tremors, and straining after CoCl2 infusion. Mares receiving 4, 2, or 1 mg/kg doses developed tachycardia after dosing (HR 60–126 bpm). Ventricular tachycardia was noted for 10 minutes after administration of the 4 mg/kg dose. Increases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurred after administration of all doses (4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg). Profound hypertension was observed after the 4 mg/kg dose (SAP/DAP, MAP [mmHg] = 291–300/163–213, 218–279). Hemodynamics normalized by 1–2 hours after administration. ACTH and cortisol concentrations increased within 30 minutes of administration of all CoCl2 doses, and cardiac troponin I concentration increased after administration of the 4 and 2 mg/kg doses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe degree of hypertension and arrhythmia observed after IV CoCl2 administration raises animal welfare and human safety concerns.
A Computer‐Aided Model for the Simulation of Railway Ballast by Random Sequential Adsorption Process
Authors: Benedetto Andrea , Bianchini Ciampoli Luca , Brancadoro Maria Giulia , Alani Amir M. , Tosti Fabio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article presents a computer‐aided multistage methodology for the simulation of railway ballasts using the Random Sequential Adsorption (RSA – 2D domain) paradigm. The primary stage in this endeavor is the numerical generation of a synthetic sample by a “particle sizing and positioning” process followed by a “compaction” process. The synthetic samples of ballast are then visualized in the Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) environment. The outcomes of the simulation are analyzed by comparison with the results of an experimental investigation carried out using a methacrylate container in which real samples of railway ballast are formed. A test of model reliability is carried out between the aggregates number and the grading curves of the synthetic sample and the real one. A validation is therefore performed using the ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) nondestructive testing (NDT) method and the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulation developed in a computer‐aided environment. The results prove the viability and the applicability of the proposed modeling for the assessment of railway ballast conditions.
Antidiarrheal effect of sodium hydrosulfide in diabetic rats: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Saghazadeh‐Dezfuli M. , Fanaei H. , Gharib‐Naseri M. K. , Nasri S. , Mard S. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe inhibitory effects of H2S on spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles of small, and large intestines well‐established but its role in the pathophysiology of diarrhea has not been identified. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of exogenous H2S (NaHS) on diabetic‐induced diarrhea and determined mRNA expression of cystathionine β‐lyase (CSE) and cystathionine γ‐synthase (CBS) in diabetic rats.MethodsIn order to evaluate antidiarrheal effect of H2S, normal and diabetic rats received NaHS and L‐Cysteine and the total number of fecal pellets (FP) determined. The effect of NaHS on intestinal transit ratio (ITR) was also evaluated in diabetic rats. The level of mRNA expressions of CBS and CSE determined in smooth muscles of jejunum, ileum, and colon in normal, and diabetic rats. The effect of NaHS on frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle strips of colon, ileum, and jejunum were investigated.Key ResultsNaHS decreased ITR, total number of FP, frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of colon, ileum, and jejunum muscle strips in diabetic rats. The level of mRNA expression of CSE and CBS in diabetic rats were lower than in normal rats. NaHS, and L‐Cysteine decreased the number of FP in normal rats.Conclusions & InferencesThese findings showed NaHS effectively controlled diarrhea in diabetic rats through decreasing the frequency, and tension of spontaneous contraction of smooth muscles of large, and small intestines. The increased frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles in diabetic rats may be due to down‐regulation of H2S biosynthesis enzymes.
Betel and tobacco chewing habit and its relation to risk factors for periodontal disease
Authors: Giovannoni ML , Valdivia‐Gandur I , Lozano de Luaces V , Varela Véliz H , Balasubbaiah Y , Chimenos‐Küstner E 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo comparatively assess periodontal status in patients who chew different products and patients who do not have this habit and to assess how this practice interacts with predisposing factors and risk indicators of disease.MethodsPatients included in the dental care carried out in a rural community in India were considered for a cross‐sectional study. The simplified oral hygiene index and the community periodontal index (CPI) were assessed. Furthermore, a validated survey with items concerning chewing habits was administered. Statistical analysis of the effects of age range, gender, chewing products and hygiene status on CPI was performed.ResultsIn total, 1,023 patients met the inclusion criteria. The chewer patients (430) exhibited a significantly higher CPI than the non‐chewers (593). The chewing habit increased the likelihood of a higher CPI by 6.76‐fold, while excellent‐good oral hygiene status decreased the probability of a higher CPI by approximately 45%. CPI did not differ significantly among chewers of different products.ConclusionIn the population studied, a chewing habit was associated with a worse periodontal status, and this association was not modified by gender and age as predisposing factors. Oral hygiene could decrease the effect of chewing habit on periodontal health.
Chronic Calf Pain Caused by Fibroma‐Induced Chronic Inflammation Around the Tibial and Peroneal Nerves that Was Misdiagnosed as Centralized Neuropathic Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Ok Seong‐Ho , Han Jeong Yeol , Park Miyeong , Seo Eun Hui , Kim Yeon A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe etiology of calf pain varies widely; therefore, it is difficult to diagnose and requires careful history taking and physical examination by primary care unit physicians. Because ultrasonography is easy to perform, cheap, and readily available to physicians during a routine consultation, it is the first choice of modality for the evaluation of calf pain. However, simple inflammation around the nerve should also be considered as a possible etiology. Here we describe a 35‐year‐old man with chronic pain in the right calf that was actually caused by fibroma‐induced chronic inflammation around the tibial and peroneal nerves but misdiagnosed as centralized neuropathic pain.Case ReportThe patient presented with chronic pain and a tingling sensation in the right calf. He had a slowly growing tibial nerve neurilemmoma that was excised at 28 years of age; however, the pain and tingling sensation persisted. He visited several hospitals for 7 years and was misdiagnosed with peripheral nerve injury–induced neuropathic pain. At 35 years of age, he visited our hospital for further evaluation. Ultrasonography revealed a mass in the popliteal region, which was excised and confirmed to be a fibroma via histopathological analysis. Severe inflammation was observed in the operative field. His symptoms finally ameliorated after this surgery.ConclusionThe findings from this case suggest that ultrasonography should be used as the primary modality for the evaluation of calf pain. Although the features of unresolved calf pain are similar to those of neuropathic pain, more curable etiologies should be considered.
Melasma, a photoaging disorder
Authors: Passeron Thierry , Picardo Mauro 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMelasma is a common hyperpigmentary disorder. The impact on the quality of life of affected individuals is well demonstrated, demanding new therapeutic strategies. However, the treatment of melasma remains highly challenging. Melasma is often considered as the main consequence of female hormone stimulation on a predisposed genetic background. Although these two factors do contribute to this acquired pigmentary disorder, the last decade has revealed several other key players and brought new pieces to the complex puzzle of the pathophysiology of melasma. Here, we summarize the latest evidence on the pathophysiology of melasma, and we suggest that melasma might be a photoaging skin disorder affecting genetically predisposed individuals. Such data must be taken into consideration by clinicians as they could have a profound impact on the treatment and the prevention of melasma.
Translation and validation of the Canadian diabetes risk assessment questionnaire in China
Authors: Guo Jia , Shi Zhengkun , Chen Jyu‐Lin , Dixon Jane K. , Wiley James , Parry Monica 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo adapt the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire for the Chinese population and to evaluate its psychometric properties.Design and SampleA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 194 individuals aged 35–74 years from October 2014 to April 2015.MethodsThe Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire was adapted and translated for the Chinese population. Test–retest reliability was conducted to measure stability. Criterion and convergent validity of the adapted questionnaire were assessed using 2‐hr 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated to establish its predictive validity.ResultsThe test–retest reliability was 0.988. Adequate validity of the adapted questionnaire was demonstrated by positive correlations found between the scores and 2‐hr 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (r = .343, p < .001) and with the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores (r = .738, p < .001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.705 (95% CI .632, .778), demonstrating moderate diagnostic value at a cutoff score of 30. The sensitivity was 73%, with a positive predictive value of 57% and negative predictive value of 78%.ConclusionsOur results provided evidence supporting the translation consistency, content validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the translated Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire with minor modifications. This paper provides clinical, practical, and methodological information on how to adapt a diabetes risk calculator between cultures for public health nurses.
Associations between health literacy, HIV‐related knowledge, and information behavior among persons living with HIV in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Stonbraker Samantha , Smaldone Arlene , Luft Heidi , Cushman Linda F. , Lerebours Nadal Leonel , Halpern Mina , Larson Elaine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the health literacy levels of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) at a health clinic in the Dominican Republic (DR) and assess associations between health literacy, HIV‐related knowledge, and health information behavior (how patients need, seek, receive, and use information).Design and SampleCross‐sectional, descriptive. Participants were 107 PLWH attending the Clinic.MeasuresA theoretically based, 64‐item survey assessing information behavior and HIV‐related knowledge was administered in Spanish through individual interviews. Health literacy was assessed using the Short Assessment of Health Literacy—Spanish and English.ResultsOn average, participants were 40.8 years old and had lived with HIV for 7.7 years. The majority (69.2%) had low health literacy. HIV‐related knowledge and information behavior varied by health literacy level and uncertainty regarding a main indicator of disease progression, viral load, was demonstrated regardless of health literacy level. Participants with low health literacy were less likely to answer questions or answer questions correctly and many participants (39.2%) indicated viral transmission can occur through supernatural means.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate unmet information need and that information received may not always be understood. Methods to improve health education are needed to ensure patients receive health information in an understandable way.
The SMS, Phone, and medical Examination sports injury surveillance system is a feasible and valid approach to measuring handball exposure, injury occurrence, and consequences in elite youth sport
Authors: Møller M. , Wedderkopp N. , Myklebust G. , Lind M. , Sørensen H. , Hebert J. J. , Attermann J. 
Published: December 2017

Current methods of sports injury surveillance are limited by lack of medical validation of self‐reported injuries and/or incomplete information about injury consequences beyond time loss from sport. The aims of this study were to (a) evaluate the feasibility of the SMS, Phone, and medical Examination injury surveillance (SPEx) system (b) to evaluate the proportion of injuries and injury consequences reported by SPEx when compared to outcomes from a modified version of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse Injury Questionnaire. We followed 679 elite adolescent handball players over 31 weeks using the SPEx system. During the last 7 weeks, we also implemented a modified OSTRC questionnaire in a subgroup of 271 players via telephone interviews. The weekly response proportions to the primary SPEx questions ranged from 85% to 96% (mean 92%). SMS responses were received from 79% of the participants within 1 day. 95% of reported injuries were classified through the telephone interview within a week, and 67% were diagnosed by medical personnel. Comparisons between reported injuries from SPEx and OSTRC demonstrated fair (κ = 39.5% [25.1%‐54.0%]) to substantial prevalence‐adjusted bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK = 66.8% [95% CI 58.0%‐75.6%]) agreement. The average injury severity score difference between SPEx and the OSTRC approach was −0.2 (95% CI −3.69‐3.29) of possible 100 with 95% limits of agreement from(−14.81‐14.41).These results support the feasibility and validity of the SPEx injury surveillance system in elite youth sport. Future studies should evaluate the external validity of SPEx system in different cohorts of athletes.
Archaean crustal growth through successive partial melting events in an oceanic plateau‐like setting in the Tanzania Craton
Authors: Sanislav Ioan V. , Blenkinsop Thomas G. , Dirks Paul H. G. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe detrital zircon population in quartzitic conglomerates from the northern Tanzania Craton yield ages between 2640 Ma and 2790 Ma which includes most of the igneous history from this part of the craton. The igneous evolution is characterised by mafic volcanism with an oceanic plateau‐like geochemical signature at ~2800 Ma followed by diorite and tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite dominated magmatism between 2790 and 2700 Ma, which transitioned into more evolved high‐K magmatism between 2700 and 2620 Ma. The εHf values of the detrital zircons range from +2.4 to −1.4 and change with time from radiogenic Hf pre‐2700 Ma (98% positive εHf) to unradiogenic Hf post‐2700 Ma (41% positive εHf). The petrological progression from mafic to felsic crust is reflected in the detrital age distribution and Hf isotopes and is consistent with juvenile mafic crust slowly maturing into more evolved felsic crust through a series of successive partial melting events in an oceanic‐plateau‐like environment.
Timing of collision initiation and location of the Scandian orogenic suture in the Scandinavian Caledonides
Authors: Slagstad Trond , Kirkland Christopher L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Scandinavian Caledonides represent a classical example of a deeply eroded Himalayan‐style orogen formed during Baltica–Laurentia continent collision. We propose that initial contact along continental‐margin promontories led to a drop in convergence rate, resulting in increased slab rollback along parts of the margin still undergoing oceanic subduction. Slab rollback caused extension of the overlying lithosphere with orogen‐wide emplacement of mafic layered intrusions, ophiolite formation and bimodal magmatism at 438–434 Ma, in what immediately thereafter became the upper plate (Laurentia) in the Scandian continent–continent collision. A compilation of magmatic ages provides evidence of long‐lived, Ordovician arc magmatism in units above the suture, which is essentially absent below the suture. This model provides a tight constraint on the timing of collision initiation, and provides a framework by which tectonic units comprising the Scandinavian Caledonides can be assigned a Baltican or more exotic heritage.