bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-hypertensive medications and erectile dysfunction: focus on β-blockers
Authors: Corona G. , Vena W. , Pizzocaro A. , Salvio G. , Sparano C. , Sforza A. , Maggi M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Although anti-hypertensive medications, including thiazides and β-blockers (BBs) in particular, have been suggested to cause erectile dysfunction (ED) their real contribution is still conflicting. The aim of this paper is to summarize available evidence providing an evidence-based critical analysis of the topic.

Methods
An overall comprehensive narrative review was performed using Medline, Embase and Cochrane search. In addition, to better understand the impact of BBs on ED a specific systematic review was also performed.

Results
The negative role of centrally acting drugs, such as clonidine and α-methyldopa, is well documented althuogh limited controlled trials are available. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium-channel-blockers (CCBs) have neutral (CCBs) or even positive (ACEis and ARBs) effects on erectile function. Despite some preliminary negative reports, more recent evidence does not confirm the negative impact of thiazides. BBs should be still considered the class of medications more often associated with ED, although better outcomes can be drawn with nebivolol.

Conclusion
Sexual function should be assessed in all patients with arterial hypertension, either at diagnosis or after the prescription of specific medications. A close related patient-physician interaction and discussion can overcome possible negative outcomes allowing a successful management of possible side effects.
The Cytidine N-Acetyltransferase NAT10 Promotes Thalamus Hemorrhage-Induced Central Poststroke Pain by Stabilizing Fn14 Expression in Thalamic Neurons
Authors: Huang Tianfeng , Zhang Yang , Niu Yan , Xiao Yinggang , Ge Yali , Gao Ju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The recognition of RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification as a significant type of gene regulation is growing; nevertheless, whether ac4C modification or the N-acetyltransferase 10 protein (NAT10, the only ac4C “writer” that is presently known) participates in thalamus hemorrhage (TH)-induced central poststroke pain (CPSP) is unknown. Here, we observed NAT10 was primarily located in the neuronal nuclei of the thalamus of mice, with Fn14 and p65. An increase of NAT10 mRNA and protein expression levels in the ipsilateral thalamus was observed from days 1 to 14 after TH. Inhibition of NAT10 by several different approaches attenuated Fn14 and p65 upregulation of TH mice, as well as tissue injury in the thalamus on the ipsilateral side, and the development and maintenance of contralateral nociceptive hypersensitivities. NAT10 overexpression increased Fn14 and p65 expression and elicited nociceptive hypersensitivities in naïve mice. Our findings suggest that ac4C modification and NAT10 participate in TH-induced CPSP by activating the NF-κB pathway through upregulating Fn14 in thalamic neurons. NAT10 could serve as a promising new target for CPSP treatment.
Childfreeness in Poland – group description and reasons behind not wanting to have children
Authors: Ciesielski Paweł , Bakiera Lucyna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChildfreeness remains a largely unexplored subject in Poland. We provide insights into the scale of childlessness by choice and the motivations and characteristics of childfree people in the country. We conducted a quantitative study (national stratified random sample, n = 665, age 18–50 (M = 34.14, SD = 9.22), October 2021) and a qualitative exploration (n = 461, age 18–58 (M = 29.07, SD = 7.01), May 2020–January 2021). The quantitative analyses revealed that 14.89% of adult Poles of reproductive age did not have children and were not planning to have them. The decision not to have children was significantly predicted by lower age and left-wing political and liberal social beliefs. The qualitative analyses showed that the most common reasons for being childfree were lack of parental instinct (I do not feel the maternal instinct), not liking children (I cannot stand children) and desire for autonomy (I want to be independent). The results suggest that the Polish childfree population is substantial and diverse in their reasons for not wanting to have children.
The effect of gravity on a nonlocal fiber-reinforced thermoelastic solid with reference temperature-dependent material properties via various theories
Authors: Said Samia M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe goal of this work is to examine the effect of the gravity on a nonlocal fiber-reinforced half-space with reference temperature-dependent material properties. The three-phase lag model, the type III Green–Naghdi theory, and the Lord–Shulman theory all with memory-dependent derivatives are taken into consideration while analyzing the issue. To derive the precise formulations of physical fields, the harmonic wave analysis method is used. To quantify the impact of temperature-dependent on the characteristics of the medium and gravity, graphs are used. It is found that the physical quantities are affected by gravity, the nonlocal parameter, and reference temperature-dependent material properties. The method that was used in the present article is applicable to a wide range of problems in hydrodynamics and thermoelasticity.
Science as public service
Authors: Hilligardt Hannah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe problem this paper addresses is that scientists have to take normatively charged decisions which can have a significant impact on individual members of the public or the public as a whole. And yet mechanisms to exercise democratic control over them are often absent. Given the normative nature of these choices, this is often perceived to be at odds with basic democratic principles. I show that this problem applies in similar ways to civil service institutions and draw on political philosophy literature on the civil service (e.g. Rosanvallon, 2011; Heath, 2022) to discuss when such normative judgements can nevertheless be said to be democratically legitimate. Concretely, I seek to show that normative judgements in research need not be democratically legitimated in order for science to be democratically legitimate. Indeed, it can be democratically legitimate for scientists to go against the expressed views of the public or political representatives if this is justified in light of, firstly, the role science has been asked to fulfil and, secondly, when it is in line with public institutions’ key principles. This is a counter-position to views currently held in the values in science debate (e.g. by Kitcher, 2011; Intemann, 2015; Schroeder, 2021; Lusk, 2021) which argue that value-laden judgements in science are legitimate if they are aligned with the public’s views or directly decided by public.
ECG–gated retinal vessel calibre as a novel measure of aberrant pulsatile retinal flow in diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lal Anchal , Barry Michael Anthony , Mitchell Paul , Thiagalingam Aravinda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate ECG-gated retinal vessel calibre as a novel measure of aberrant pulsatile retinal flow in diabetes mellitus.

Methods
A novel mydriatic ECG-gated fundoscope was used to acquire retinal vessel calibre measurements at four cardiac cycle time points from end diastole to early diastole. An inhouse software recorded the exact time when an image was captured to corroborate ECG-synchronisation. Arterial applanation tonometry, an alternative method of assessing aberrant blood flow, was used to measure carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cPWV) and augmentation index (AIx). The intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to perform intra- and inter-observer reliability analyses. Two reviewers measured the retinal vessel calibre in single retinal arterioles and venules. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined associations with diabetes mellitus.

Results
In this study 119 controls and 120 participants with diabetes mellitus were recruited. Mean peak change in retinal arteriolar calibre from baseline was higher in diabetes mellitus compared with controls (controls: 0.92%, IQR 0.63 vs diabetes mellitus: 2.05%, IQR 1.25, p<0.0001). In a subset of 9 controls and 11 participants, the intra-and inter-observer reliability was high (ICC 0.87-0.97) in mean peak changes in retinal vascular responses from baseline. In a subset of 36 controls and 95 participants with diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus was more strongly associated with retinal arteriolar pulsatility (AUC 0.85, 95%CI 0.76-0.93) than applanation tonometry (cfPWV AUC 0.72, 95%CI 0.62-0.82 vs AIx AUC 0.56, 95%CI 0.45-0.68).

Conclusion
Higher retinal arteriolar pulsatility appears to be more strongly correlated with diabetes mellitus than arterial applanation tonometry.
Why People Use Cannabis and Why It Matters: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gex Kathryn S. , Gückel Tara , Wilson Jack , Ladd Benjamin O. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Motives, or reasons, for cannabis use are salient proximal indicators of cannabis use. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of recent research examining motives for cannabis use and a discussion of implications for research, practice, and policy.

Recent Findings
We identified recent studies for this review through searches in PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, and CINAHL using a variety of terms for “cannabis” and “motives” to capture a broad literature since 2017. The majority of studies examined cannabis motives derived from the motivational model, specifically coping, enhancement/enjoyment, expansion, social, and conformity, with the largest portion of these focused on coping motives. A similarly large body of research focused on medical motives, or using cannabis for medical or “health” reasons. A concerning feature of some medical/health related reasons for using cannabis is their overlap with coping-related reasons and the development of subsequent use-related problems and cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Summary
Understanding why individuals use cannabis is critical to determining how it will be used and whether problems develop related to use. Future research is necessary to distinguish between medical/health motives and coping motives, which should inform policy and clinical practice.
Neural Networks or Linguistic Features? - Comparing Different Machine-Learning Approaches for Automated Assessment of Text Quality Traits Among L1- and L2-Learners’ Argumentative Essays
Authors: Lohmann Julian F. , Junge Fynn , Möller Jens , Fleckenstein Johanna , Trüb Ruth , Keller Stefan , Jansen Thorben , Horbach Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent investigations in automated essay scoring research imply that hybrid models, which combine feature engineering and the powerful tools of deep neural networks (DNNs), reach state-of-the-art performance. However, most of these findings are from holistic scoring tasks. In the present study, we use a total of four prompts from two different corpora consisting of both L1 and L2 learner essays annotated with trait scores (e.g., content, organization, and language quality). In our main experiments, we compare three variants of trait-specific models using different inputs: (1) models based on 220 linguistic features, (2) models using essay-level contextual embeddings from the distilled version of the pre-trained transformer BERT (DistilBERT), and (3) a hybrid model using both types of features. Results imply that when trait-specific models are trained based on a single resource, the feature-based models slightly outperform the embedding-based models. These differences are most prominent for the organization traits. The hybrid models outperform the single-resource models, indicating that linguistic features and embeddings indeed capture partially different aspects relevant for the assessment of essay traits. To gain more insights into the interplay between both feature types, we run addition and ablation tests for individual feature groups. Trait-specific addition tests across prompts indicate that the embedding-based models can most consistently be enhanced in content assessment when combined with morphological complexity features. Most consistent performance gains in the organization traits are achieved when embeddings are combined with length features, and most consistent performance gains in the assessment of the language traits when combined with lexical complexity, error, and occurrence features. Cross-prompt scoring again reveals slight advantages for the feature-based models.
Feasibility of riverbank filtration in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Thi Ngoc Anh , Covatti Gustavo , Nguyen Dan Van , Börnick Hilmar , Grischek Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRiverbank filtration (RBF) could contribute to meeting the growing demand for drinking water in Vietnam. This study investigates the feasibility of implementing RBF in different regions of Vietnam, with a focus on the Red River Delta (RRD) and Binh Dinh (a province in central Vietnam). Although Vietnam’s extensive river network and shallow aquifers generally provide favorable hydrogeological conditions for RBF, regional variations in hydrogeology introduce specific challenges. In the RRD, complex hydrogeological settings, such as thick clay layers near the surface and low hydraulic conductivity in the Holocence aquifer, can limit the effectiveness of RBF in maximizing the portion of bank filtrate and improving water quality. In contrast, Binh Dinh generally presents more favorable conditions, with absence of clay layers on top and higher hydraulic conductivity leading to successful RBF implementation. Water quality issues such as high concentrations of ammonium, arsenic, and other pollutants persist in both RBF and groundwater in the RRD, requiring careful site-specific evaluations. The study also highlights that while surface water remains underutilized compared to groundwater, its use may be economically preferable in regions where groundwater quality is compromised. Lessons learned from the RRD and Binh Dinh can serve as good practice for RBF implementation in other parts of Vietnam. The findings indicate that while RBF holds significant promise for enhancing water supply in Vietnam, its application needs to be carefully tailored to local hydrogeological and water quality conditions.
Transnational Solidarity in Rough Times: Documenting and Engaging for Peace
Authors: Zaviršek Darja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSocial work war studies that incorporate critical theory, including feminist, disability and crip studies, and postcolonial approaches, can be used to respond to the needs of people living through genocide, domicide, ecocide, and scholasticide, and for advocacy of human dignity regardless of state and ethnic affiliation, and thus for peace worldwide. The first case study presents a thematic analysis of the war memories of social work educators and practitioners living in Ukraine and outside the war zone. Oral history, a fundamental method of critical social work research, epistemological reflexivity, and epistemic flexibility to understand the experience of the other(s), began with war stories collected by early Greek historians. The latest memoirs related to the invasion of Ukraine reveal the dichotomy between life-threatening circumstances on the one hand and the necessity of social work educators and practitioners to continue ordinary life on the other; the need for institutional and emotional support; and the recognition that war narrows the perception of human diversity and regiments people into binary identities of gender and singular identity positions regarding ethnicity. The second case study presents a unique example of transnational solidarity and support meetings with social work teachers and practitioners during wartime. From the onset of the war, transnational solidarity was a resistance to the isolation of social work colleagues due to the war and served as a force of connectedness in a time of human suffering and division. The Global Principle of Social Work Ethics (9.3) are used to show complexities and ambivalences of the dangerous peace and the need for situated ethics and standpoints concerning war and peace.
Convection Permitting Regional Climate Modelling Over the Carpathian Region
Authors: Torma Csaba Zsolt , Giorgi Filippo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A preliminary analysis of the performance of the latest version of the RegCM regional modelling system, RegCM5, run at a convection permitting resolution (2 km) over the Carpathian Basin is presented for the following years: 1980, 2006, 2008 and 2010. The performance of the model is assessed using various statistics of surface air temperature and precipitation against the CARPATCLIM high-resolution observational dataset and the ERA5 reanalysis, which also provides the driving field for the simulations. While the model performs generally well, it exhibits a warm bias over the Hungarian lowlands during the warm season and a wet (dry) bias over the mountain chains (flat regions) within the basin. The model also shows a strong orographic forcing of precipitation. In general, RegCM5 has a systematic positive precipitation bias over mountainous regions, which can also be attributed to the relatively low station density of the observation network. The high-resolution model adds value especially for simulating medium to high-intensity precipitation events. Our preliminary experiments provide encouraging indications towards the applicability of RegCM5 to the Carpathian region. Future work will include testing the model with different physics configurations and longer simulations and applying the model to climate change studies over the Carpathian Basin.
What Instagram Means to Me: Links Between Social Anxiety, Instagram Contingent Self-worth, and Automated Textual Analysis of Linguistic Authenticity
Authors: Brandao Beatriz M. , Denny Bryan T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile research has shown mixed effects of social media on mental health and well-being, little is known about the association between social media attitudes and objective measures of social interaction, such as linguistic authenticity. This study examined the relationship between self-reported social anxiety, linguistic authenticity, and Instagram contingent self-worth (ICSW). A total of 149 adults with active Instagram accounts completed online questionnaires and shared their Instagram comment data. Automated linguistic analysis of authenticity was performed on participants’ comment data using validated algorithms. Multiple linear regression showed that ICSW significantly moderated the relationship between social anxiety and linguistic authenticity, whereby higher levels of social anxiety marginally predicted lower linguistic authenticity at high levels of ICSW. As social media use continues to rise, this study emphasizes the need to explore the impact of social media interactions on emotional and social well-being.
A study on the changes of cultural and educational facilities in Dali City during the Ming and Qing dynasties
Authors: Bai Xiaohe , Xu Dailing , Sun Xiaoli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring the Ming and Qing dynasties, the central government implemented a policy of Bureaucratization of Native Officers, in order to develop and consolidate the integration of frontier with the mainland. Through the gradual construction of cultural and educational facilities, appointed officials were able to achieve the political goal of ideological integration with the Central Plains in the frontier society. Taking the construction of cultural and educational facilities as a starting point, this article attempts to explore the relationship between urban development, power change and cultural identity in Dali City from four aspects: the number of facilities, scale regulation, spatial form and functional structure. Shows that: (1) In basic education facilities, charitable schools replaced village schools, and New-type schools gradually increased and showed decentralised distribution, making Confucianism available to a wider audience. (2) The scale of the main educational facilities had expanded and the regulation has improved, gradually showing a concentrated distribution. And due to the formation of functional zoning, cultural and educational facilities occupy a more central and prominent landscape position in Dali City. (3) Influenced by the Confucian culture of Central Plains, the number of imperial examinations gradually increased, and the social life of Dali City changed. Dali City gradually converged with the Central Plains, and the local people's sense of cultural identity with the Central Plains deepened, strengthening the central government's rule over the border areas.
A combined active control method of restricted nonlinear model and machine learning technology for drag reduction in turbulent channel flow
Authors: Han Bing-Zheng , Huang Wei-Xi , Xu Chun-Xiao 
Published: September 2024

The practical implementation of machine learning in flow control is limited due to its significant training expenses. In the present study the convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with the data of the restricted nonlinear (RNL) model is used to predict the normal velocity on a detection plane at

$y^+=10$

in a turbulent channel flow, and the predicted velocity is used as wall blowing and suction for drag reduction. An active control test is carried out by using the well-trained CNN in direct numerical simulation (DNS). Substantial drag reduction rates up to 19 % and 16 % are obtained based on the spanwise and streamwise wall shear stresses, respectively. Furthermore, we explore the online control of wall turbulence by combining the RNL model with reinforcement learning (RL). The RL is constructed to determine the optimal wall blowing and suction based on its observation of the wall shear stresses without using the label data on the detection plane for training. The controlling and training processes are conducted synchronously in a RNL flow field. The control strategy discovered by RL has similar drag reduction rates with those obtained previously by the established method. Also, the training cost decreases by over thirty times at

$Re_{\tau }=950$

compared with the DNS-RL model. The present results provide a perspective that combining the RNL model with machine learning control for drag reduction in wall turbulence can be effective and computationally economical. Also, this approach can be easily extended to flows at higher Reynolds numbers.
Reflections on ‘Have we lost sleep?’
Authors: Ekirch A. Roger 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe article, ‘Have we lost sleep? A reconsideration of segmented sleep in early modern England’, Medical History, 67, 2 (2023), 91–108, by Niall Boyce is devoted to criticising my historical research pertaining to 1) the predominance of segmented sleep in the pre-industrial Western world and 2) the nineteenth-century transition of sleep to today’s pattern of continuous slumber that most people in modern societies seek to achieve, albeit not always successfully. This response addresses Boyce’s reinterpretation of the evidence and indicates whether this is erroneous or selective. My analysis thereby reasserts the predominance of segmented sleep in pre-modern Western Europe. Boyce’s assessment rests not on his original investigation of primary sources but on my first study relating to segmented sleep, published in 2001. Not least of the flaws of ‘Have We Lost Sleep?’ is its surprising inattention to my subsequent works that have expanded, modified, and bolstered this initial publication.