bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Au, Ag)Te2Minerals from Epithermal Gold Deposits in Japan
Authors: Komuro Kosei , Nakata Masataka 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChemical composition and mode of occurrences of (Au, Ag)Te2minerals such as calaverite (AuTe2), sylvanite (AuAgTe4) and krennerite ((Au, Ag)Te2) in epithermal gold telluride ores from Suzaki, Kawazu and Teine are examined. In the ores from Suzaki, (Au, Ag)Te2minerals occur in microbands of tellurides and fine quartz. The minerals in telluride bands change from krennerite, via calaverite‐native tellurium, to sylvanite, in the order of crystallization. A sample from Kawazu contains sylvanite and native tellurium with stutzite, hessite and tetradymite in the coarser gray quartz part. The Teine sample also contains sylvanite and native tellurium with barite and quartz. The peak patterns of XRD of calaverite, krennerite and sylvanite from Suzaki are almost identical to that of JCPDS 43–1472, JCPDS 8–20 and JCPDS 9–477, respectively. The Te, Au, Cu, and Ag contents of calaverite from Suzaki range from 56.4 to 57.9 wt.%, from 41.6 to 42.6 wt.%, from 0.28 to 0.45 wt.% and from 0.14 to 0.31 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au0.97Ag0.01Cu0.02Te2. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of krennerite from Suzaki range from 59.6 to 61.4 wt.%, from 31.3 to 33.6 wt.%, from 4.91 to 6.13 wt.% and from 0.66 to 0.80 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au0.71Ag0.22Cu0.05Te2with Au and Ag ranging from 0.68 to 0.74 and from 0.20 to 0.25, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Suzaki range from 61.5 to 63.4 wt.%, from 24.1 to 27.4 wt.%, from 10.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.12 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Kawazu range from 62.7 to 63.3 wt.%, from 23.5 to 24.1 wt.%, from 12.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.09 to 0.16 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, Cu and Fe contents of sylvanite from Teine range from 61.8 to 63.5 wt.%, from 23.6 to 24.7 wt.%, from 11.9 to 13.3 wt.%, from 0.01 to 1.65 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.02 wt.%, respectively. The average formulae of sylvanite from Suzaki, Kawazu, and Teine are expressed as Au1.06Ag0.94Cu0.02Te4, Au1.00Ag0.95Cu0.02Te4and Au1.01Ag0.95Cu0.06Te4, respectively. Judging from the mineral assemblages of these ores and other localities, Au–Te mineralization in the Japanese Islands can be divided into four types: native gold–calaverite at Date and Agawa, krennerite(−native tellurium) at Osore‐zan and Mutsu, sylvanite–native tellurium–hessite at Teine, Kawazu, Kobetsuzawa, and Kato, and polyminerallic assemblages at Suzaki and Kushikino. The pH–Eh diagram of aqueous tellurium species and tellurium minerals at 250°C indicates that (Au, Ag)Te2minerals in epithermal gold telluride mineralization would have been formed under middle to low Eh and acidic (to intermediate) pH conditions. It is possible that dilute tellurium‐containing fluid would scavenge dilute gold.
Geneses of Two Types of Mafic Rocks to Carry Placer‐Magnetite Ores in the Sanin Granitic Belt, SW Japan
Authors: Ishihara Shunso , Hirano Hideo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTwo types of mafic rocks from the central Sanin district, and their mafic minerals, were studied chemically and microscopically. They are classified into pyroxene‐containing gabbroid and hornblende–biotite quartz diorite. The gabbroid had higher color index but lower magnetite content; while the quartz diorite had lower color index, but higher magnetite content. The magnetite contents are also related to the amounts of hydrous mafic silicates. The gabbroic magma having pyroxene–amphibole assemblage, originated in the upper mantle, was considered essentially anhydrous, but became partly hydrous on the way to the site of solidification in the continental crust, and crystallized some magnetites with hypersthene and amphibole. The quartz dioritic magma was formed by partial melting of possibly subducting ocean‐floor basalts, once exposed to the sea‐floor then altered; thus the magmas became hydrous and oxidized originally, and precipitated abundant magnetite and hydrous mafic silicates from the early crystallization stage onward. Their weathered parts provided the most placer magnetite ores in the history.
The Use of Simulation to Reduce the Domain of “Black Swans” with Application to Hurricane Impacts to Power Systems
Authors: Berner Christine L. , Staid Andrea , Flage Roger , Guikema Seth D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecently, the concept of black swans has gained increased attention in the fields of risk assessment and risk management. Different types of black swans have been suggested, distinguishing between unknown unknowns (nothing in the past can convincingly point to its occurrence), unknown knowns (known to some, but not to relevant analysts), or known knowns where the probability of occurrence is judged as negligible. Traditional risk assessments have been questioned, as their standard probabilistic methods may not be capable of predicting or even identifying these rare and extreme events, thus creating a source of possible black swans.In this article, we show how a simulation model can be used to identify previously unknown potentially extreme events that if not identified and treated could occur as black swans. We show that by manipulating a verified and validated model used to predict the impacts of hazards on a system of interest, we can identify hazard conditions not previously experienced that could lead to impacts much larger than any previous level of impact. This makes these potential black swan events known and allows risk managers to more fully consider them. We demonstrate this method using a model developed to evaluate the effect of hurricanes on energy systems in the United States; we identify hurricanes with potentially extreme impacts, storms well beyond what the historic record suggests is possible in terms of impacts.
Bayesian Hierarchical Structure for Quantifying Population Variability to Inform Probabilistic Health Risk Assessments
Authors: Shao Kan , Allen Bruce C. , Wheeler Matthew W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHuman variability is a very important factor considered in human health risk assessment for protecting sensitive populations from chemical exposure. Traditionally, to account for this variability, an interhuman uncertainty factor is applied to lower the exposure limit. However, using a fixed uncertainty factor rather than probabilistically accounting for human variability can hardly support probabilistic risk assessment advocated by a number of researchers; new methods are needed to probabilistically quantify human population variability. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify variability among different populations. This approach jointly characterizes the distribution of risk at background exposure and the sensitivity of response to exposure, which are commonly represented by model parameters. We demonstrate, through both an application to real data and a simulation study, that using the proposed hierarchical structure adequately characterizes variability across different populations.
High Incidence of Respiratory Involvement in a Cluster of Brucella suis‐Infected Workers from a Pork Processing Plant in Argentina
Authors: Wallach J. C. , García J. L. , Cardinali P. S. , Seijo A. P. , Benchetrit A. G. , Echazarreta S. E. , Garro S. L. , Deodato B. , Baldi P. C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryEpidemiological and clinical aspects of Brucella suis infection in 17 workers from a pork processing plant in Argentina occurring between January 2014 and July 2015 are presented. All patients reported working 9 h daily without adequate personal protection garment. Blood cultures were positive for Brucella spp. in 14 of the 17 patients (82.3%). All isolates were identified as B. suis biovar 1. Although fever, sweats, asthenia, myalgia and hepatic involvement were the most frequent clinical manifestations, an unusually high incidence of respiratory involvement was found. From 13 patients in which chest radiography was performed, four (30%) had radiological abnormalities, including lobar pneumonia in two cases (one with pleural effusion) and interstitial involvement in other two. The high frequency of respiratory involvement in our series makes necessary to consider brucellosis in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in pork processing plant employees.
Serial transthoracic coronary Doppler shows complete reversibility of microvascular obstruction pattern at one month after reperfused acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: Ober Camelia Diana , Ober Mihai Claudiu , Iancu Adrian Corneliu 
Published: December 2016

“No reflow” phenomenon is a common complication with significant prognostic repercussions after reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Previous studies have shown the feasibility and prognostic significance of coronary microcirculation assessment by transthoracic Doppler of left anterior descending artery (LAD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the time course of the coronary microcirculation status after acute anterior myocardial infarction reperfused by primary angioplasty with stent on LAD. Material and methods: Twenty-three patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography at 3 days (M0) and one month (M1) after reperfusion, with LAD flow analysis (peak systolic and diastolic velocities, diastolic deceleration time and systolic flow reversal). The patients were divided into two groups, of good reperfusion and “no reflow”, by a 600 ms cut-off of the M0 diastolic deceleration time, previously shown to best discriminate between the two microvascular reperfusion states. Results: Of all patients, 21 survived to M1 and were included in analysis. Microvascular obstruction, as defined, was present in 50% of patients at M0 and it was associated with significantly worse ejection fraction both at M0 and M1 (p=0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Killip class at admission was the only independent predictor of “no reflow”. DDT increased from 661.9±339.3 at M0 to 948.2±201.8 at M1 (p=0.0003). In patients with initial “no reflow”, DDT increased to normal values at M1 (876.2±167.7 vs. 346.3±133.9 at M0, p<0.0001). In these patients, the PDV/PSV ratio decreased at one month (1.91±0.37 vs. 2.70±1.22, p=0.06), by decrease of PDV (0.29±0.06 vs. 0.40±0.19, p=0.03). Conclusions: The parameters of coronary microcirculatory impedance improve significantly at one month after infarction, suggesting delayed full reversibility of the microvascular obstruction.
Effects of Elastic Resistance Exercise on Muscle Strength and Functional Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Poliana Alves , Blasczyk Juscelino Castro , Junior Gerson Souza , Lagoa Karina Ferreira , Soares Milene , de Oliveira Ricardo Jacó , Filho Paulo José Barbosa Gutierres , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz , Martins Wagner Rodrigues 
Published: December 2016

Background:Elastic Resistance Exercise (ERE) has already demonstrated its effectiveness in older adults and, when combined with the resistance generated by fixed loads, in adults. This review summarizes the effectiveness of ERE performed as isolated method on muscle strength and functional performance in healthy adults.Methods:A database search was performed (MEDLine, Cochrane Library, PEDro and Web of Knowledge) to identify controlled clinical trials in English language. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and overall effect size were calculated for all comparisons. The PEDro scale was used assess the methodological quality.Results:From the 93 articles identified by the search strategy, 5 met the inclusion criteria, in which 3 presented high quality (PEDro > 6). Meta-analyses demonstrated that the effects of ERE were superior when compared with passive control on functional performance and muscle strength. When compared with active controls, the effect of ERE was inferior on function performance and with similar effect on muscle strength.Conclusion:ERE are effective to improve functional performance and muscle strength when compared with no intervention, in healthy adults. ERE are not superior to other methods of resistance training to improve functional performance and muscle strength in health adults.
Ethnic Differences in Impact of Physical Activity Program on Psychological Symptoms in Youth
Authors: Carter Jocelyn S. , Karczewski Sabrina , DeCator Draycen D. , Hollowell Alescia M. 
Published: December 2016

Background:Children who engage in regular physical activity are protected from developing behavioral problems at home and school, but many children do not have the opportunity to participate in regular physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a noncurricular school-based physical activity program resulted in reductions in children’s psychological problems in 2 domains: internalizing (eg, depression) and externalizing (eg, aggression) and whether these effects varied according to ethnicity, gender, and baseline psychological symptoms.Methods:One hundred and eleven third-grade students (mean age = 8.47; 55% African American, 42% Latino) from 4 schools participated in the study. Children in 2 schools received the Work to Play physical activity intervention during the study (intervention condition) and children in the other 2 schools did not receive the program until after the study was complete (waitlist control condition). Teachers and parents reported on children’s psychological symptoms at baseline and at follow-up approximately 9 months later.Results:Regression analyses showed that children who participated in the program had fewer internalizing symptoms at follow-up. Ethnicity moderated intervention effects with significant decreases in internalizing symptoms for African American, but not Hispanic participants. Neither gender nor baseline psychological symptoms moderated the program’s effectiveness.Conclusions:The Work-to-Play intervention program appeared to be effective in reducing internalizing symptoms for ethnic minority participants who are at the greatest risk for psychological problems.
Association of Maximum Temperature With Sedentary Time in Older British Men
Authors: Sartini Claudio , Morris Richard W , Whincup Peter H , Wannamethee S Goya , Ash Sarah , Lennon Lucy , Jefferis Barbara J 
Published: December 2016

Background:Sedentary behavior is very common in older adults and a risk factor for mortality. Understanding determinants of sedentary behavior may help in defining strategies aimed to reduce the time spent sedentary. The degree of difference in sedentary time attributable to varying temperatures has not been yet estimated in older men.Methods:Men aged 71 to 91 years participating in an established UK population-based cohort study were invited to wear an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer for 1 week in 2010–12. Outcome was sedentary time (<1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Task) in minutes per day. Associations between daily outdoor maximum temperature and accelerometer-measured sedentary time were estimated using multilevel models.Results:43% (1361/3137) of invited men participated in the study and provided adequate data. Men spent on average 615 minutes in sedentary time per day (72% of the total accelerometer-wear time). After adjusting for covariates, men spent 26 minutes more per day (P < .001) in sedentary time when temperatures were in the lowest (–3.5; 9.2°C) versus highest quintile (19.1; 29.5°C).Conclusions:Sedentary time in older adults is highest at lowest temperatures, typically recorded in winter. Findings are relevant for guidelines: interventions may consider targeting older men in winter providing recommendations for minimizing sedentariness on daily basis.
Nanotized Curcumin and Miltefosine, a Potential Combination for Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Tiwari Brajendra , Pahuja Richa , Kumar Pradeep , Rath Srikanta Kumar , Gupta Kailash Chand , Goyal Neena 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis chemotherapy remains very challenging due to high cost of the drug and its associated toxicity and drug resistance, which develops over a period of time. Combination therapies (CT) are now in use to treat many diseases, such as cancer and malaria, since it is more effective and affordable than monotherapy. CT are believed to represent a new explorable strategy for leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite
Leishmania
. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda), a natural product curcumin and miltefosine, the only oral drug for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using a
Leishmania donovani
-hamster model. We developed an oral nanoparticle-based formulation of curcumin. Nanoformulation of curcumin alone exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. In combination with miltefosine, it exhibited a synergistic effect on both promastigotes and amastigotes under
in vitro
conditions. The combination of these two agents also demonstrated increased
in vivo
leishmanicidal activity accompanied by increased production of toxic reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites and enhanced phagocytic activity. The combination also exhibited increased lymphocyte proliferation. The present study thus establishes the possible use of nanocurcumin as an adjunct to antileishmanial chemotherapy.
Chromosomal Integration of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Gene,
bla
KPC
, in Klebsiella Species Is Elusive but Not Rare
Authors: Mathers Amy J. , Stoesser Nicole , Chai Weidong , Carroll Joanne , Barry Katie , Cherunvanky Anita , Sebra Robert , Kasarskis Andrew , Peto Tim E. , Walker A. Sarah , Sifri Costi D. , Crook Derrick W. , Sheppard Anna E. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Carbapenemase genes in
Enterobacteriaceae
are mostly described as being plasmid associated. However, the genetic context of carbapenemase genes is not always confirmed in epidemiological surveys, and the frequency of their chromosomal integration therefore is unknown. A previously sequenced collection of
bla
KPC
-positive
Enterobacteriaceae
from a single U.S. institution (2007 to 2012;
n
= 281 isolates from 182 patients) was analyzed to identify chromosomal insertions of Tn
4401
, the transposon most frequently harboring
bla
KPC
. Using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing, we confirmed five independent chromosomal integration events from 6/182 (3%) patients, corresponding to 15/281 (5%) isolates. Three patients had isolates identified by perirectal screening, and three had infections which were all successfully treated. When a single copy of
bla
KPC
was in the chromosome, one or both of the phenotypic carbapenemase tests were negative. All chromosomally integrated
bla
KPC
genes were from
Klebsiella
spp., predominantly
K. pneumoniae
clonal group 258 (CG258), even though these represented only a small proportion of the isolates. Integration occurred via IS
15
-ΔI-mediated transposition of a larger, composite region encompassing Tn
4401
at one locus of chromosomal integration, seen in the same strain (
K. pneumoniae
ST340) in two patients. In summary, we identified five independent chromosomal integrations of
bla
KPC
in a large outbreak, demonstrating that this is not a rare event.
bla
KPC
was more frequently integrated into the chromosome of epidemic CG258
K. pneumoniae
lineages (ST11, ST258, and ST340) and was more difficult to detect by routine phenotypic methods in this context. The presence of chromosomally integrated
bla
KPC
within successful, globally disseminated
K. pneumoniae
strains therefore is likely underestimated.
attI1
-Located Small Open Reading Frames ORF-17 and ORF-11 in a Class 1 Integron Affect Expression of a Gene Cassette Possessing a Canonical Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
Authors: Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Tzouvelekis Leonidas S. , Tzelepi Eva , Miriagou Vivi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

By searching the Integrall integron and GenBank databases, a novel open reading frame (ORF) of 51 nucleotides (nts) (ORF-17) overlapping the previously described ORF-11 was identified within the
attI1
site in virtually all class 1 integrons. Using a set of isogenic plasmid constructs carrying a single gene cassette (
bla
GES-1
) and possessing a canonical translation initiation region, we found that ORF-17 contributes to GES-1 expression.
Physiological Differences in Cryptococcus neoformans Strains
In Vitro
versus
In Vivo
and Their Effects on Antifungal Susceptibility
Authors: Grossman Nina T. , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans
is an environmentally ubiquitous fungal pathogen that primarily causes disease in people with compromised immune systems, particularly those with advanced AIDS. There are estimated to be almost 1 million cases per year of cryptococcal meningitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, leading to over 600,000 annual deaths, with a particular burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Amphotericin B (AMB) and fluconazole (FLC) are key components of cryptococcal meningitis treatment: AMB is used for induction, and FLC is for consolidation, maintenance and, for occasional individuals, prophylaxis. However, the results of standard antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for AMB and FLC do not correlate well with therapeutic outcomes and, consequently, no clinical breakpoints have been established. While a number of explanations for this absence of correlation have been proffered, one potential reason that has not been adequately explored is the possibility that the physiological differences between the
in vivo
infection environment and the
in vitro
AFST environment lead to disparate drug susceptibilities. These susceptibility-influencing factors include melanization, which does not occur during AFST, the size of the polysaccharide capsule, which is larger in infecting cells than in those grown under normal laboratory conditions, and the presence of large polyploid “titan cells,” which rarely occur under laboratory conditions. Understanding whether and how
C. neoformans
differentially expresses mechanisms of resistance to AMB and FLC in the AFST environment compared to the
in vivo
environment could enhance our ability to interpret AFST results and possibly lead to the development of more applicable testing methods.