bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification and validation as a key driver in modern engineering education
Authors: Lo Sophie Hong Rui 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>In the era of fast technological development in all engineering disciplines, how to improve the employability of engineering graduates imposes an even greater challenge than ever before to the educators in higher education. What constitutes key knowledge and skills for future professional engineers and how they can be developed in the graduates through our engineering courses are important questions whose answers can have a profound impact on the success of the engineering education.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>In this paper, the strategy of using verification &amp; validation (V&amp;V) as a key driver for quality learning in engineering education is proposed. The rationale of the proposed strategy and the requirements for its success are explained. An example of implementing this strategy is illustrated. In the conclusion section, a current and common issue is raised.</em></p></div>
Socio-Religious and Political Changes in Punjab during the Second Half of Nineteenth Century
Authors: Singh Karanbir 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the East India Company defeated the Khalsa Army of Lahore Darbar in two Anglo-Sikh Wars. Being astute political masters, the British felt the lurking fear of simmering discontent among the Punjabis against their rule. For safeguarding the logistics of administration, efficacious precautionary measures were undertaken by them to satisfy the grievances of certain sections of the society so that British rule would face lesser political instability and enmity of the natives. After 1857, the British conducted a thorough study of ethnographic, fiscal, geographical, political, social and religious conditions of Punjab and oriented their administrative policies to suit the best interests of the Empire. Far-reaching political, economic and social changes were introduced by the British to strengthen their hold over all branches of administration. A new administrative hierarchy, composed of Anglo-Indian elements was firmly established and it embraced every activity of the state. </em></p></div>
Magnetic resonance imaging–based measures predictive of short-term surgical outcome in patients with Chiari malformation Type I: a pilot study
Authors: Alperin Noam , Loftus James Ryan , Bagci Ahmet M. , Lee Sang H. , Oliu Carlos J. , Shah Ashish H. , Green Barth A. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study identifies quantitative imaging-based measures in patients with Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) that are associated with positive outcomes after suboccipital decompression with duraplasty.

METHODS
Fifteen patients in whom CM-I was newly diagnosed underwent MRI preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. More than 20 previously described morphological and physiological parameters were derived to assess quantitatively the impact of surgery. Postsurgical clinical outcomes were assessed in 2 ways, based on resolution of the patient's chief complaint and using a modified Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). Statistical analyses were performed to identify measures that were different between the unfavorable- and favorable-outcome cohorts. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the strongest predictors of outcome.

RESULTS
The strongest physiological parameter predictive of outcome was the preoperative maximal cord displacement in the upper cervical region during the cardiac cycle, which was significantly larger in the favorable-outcome subcohorts for both outcome types (p < 0.05). Several hydrodynamic measures revealed significantly larger preoperative-to-postoperative changes in the favorable-outcome subcohort. Predictor sets for the chief-complaint classification included the cord displacement, percent venous drainage through the jugular veins, and normalized cerebral blood flow with 93.3% accuracy. Maximal cord displacement combined with intracranial volume change predicted outcome based on the modified CCOS classification with similar accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS
Tested physiological measures were stronger predictors of outcome than the morphological measures in patients with CM-I. Maximal cord displacement and intracranial volume change during the cardiac cycle together with a measure that reflects the cerebral venous drainage pathway emerged as likely predictors of decompression outcome in patients with CM-I.
The impact of the neurodevelopmental traction technique on activation of lateral abdominal muscles in children aged 11–13 years
Authors: Gogola Anna , Gnat Rafał , Dziub Dorota , Gwóźdź Michalina , Zaborowska Małgorzata 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the activation of lateral abdominal muscles (LAM) in response to neurodevelopmental traction technique as assessed by ultrasounds as well as to compare the effects of different traction forces. OBJECTIVE: An experiment with repeated measurements of the dependent variables was conducted. Thirty-seven children (22 girls) participated. METHODS: Measurements of LAM thickness (indicating LAM activation) were performed bilaterally during traction of 5% body weight: 1) in neutral position, 2) in 20° posterior trunk inclination; during traction of 15% body weight: 3) in neutral position, 4) in 20° posterior trunk inclination. The ultrasound technology was employed. RESULTS: When applying the lighter traction the superficial LAM (external and internal oblique muscles) showed significant changes. The mean thickness of both muscles during traction increased (both p < 0.001). The deepest transversus abdominis showed no response ( p > 0.05). Stronger traction elicited smaller changes. External and internal oblique muscles showed significant increases ( p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). Transversus abdominis became less thick during stronger traction ( p < 0.01). CONCUSIONS: The neurodevelopmental traction technique elicits the changes in LAM thickness in children with typical development. The superficial LAM show more distinct responses than the profound LAM. Stronger traction induces smaller LAM thickness changes than lighter traction.
The effectiveness of psychological interventions for aggressive behavior following acquired brain injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Coetzer Rudi 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: The consequences of aggressive behavior following ABI have an impact at both an individual and systemic level. In contrast to other ABI sequelae, aggressive behavior has been shown to increase over time without appropriate timely interventions. OBJECTIVE: The current meta-analysis aimed to systematically review the current literature examining psychological interventions for aggressive behavior following ABI. The meta-analysis also aimed to provide a statistical synthesis of the available evidence. METHOD: Following the PRISMA guidelines, an electronic and ancestral search of the available literature identified eleven studies (N = 123) that met the inclusion criteria for the review. Non-overlap effect sizes (Tau-U) were calculated to synthesize the available evidence from single case experimental design studies (SCEDs; N = 7). Standardized mean difference effect sizes (d) were calculated to synthesize the available evidence from group studies (N = 4). RESULTS: A medium omnibus effect size (weighted d = –0.46, 95% CI: –0.69 <> –0.24) was found for group studies. Similarly, the overall effect size (Tau-U) for SCEDs was –0.59 (95% CI: –0.72 <> –0.46), indicating a 59% reduction in aggressive behaviour compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: The findings of the meta-analysis suggest that psychological interventions for aggressive behavior are at least moderately effective at reducing aggressive behavior following ABI.
Walking with a powered robotic exoskeleton: Subjective experience, spasticity and pain in spinal cord injured persons
Authors: Stampacchia Giulia , Rustici Alessandro , Bigazzi Samuele , Gerini Adriana , Tombini Tullia , Mazzoleni Stefano 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Powered robotic exoskeletons represent an emerging technology for the gait training of Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) persons. The analysis of the psychological and physical impact of such technology on the patient is crucial in terms of clinical appropriateness of such rehabilitation intervention for SCI persons. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acceptability of overground robot-assisted walking and its effect on pain and spasticity. METHODS: Twenty-one SCI persons participated in a walking session assisted by a powered robotic exoskeleton. Pain assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and muscle spasticity, assessed as subjective perception using an NRS scale and as objective assessment using the Modified Ashworth scale and the Penn scale, were evaluated before and after the walking experience. Positive and negative sensations were investigated using a questionnaire. The patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) scale was administrated as well. RESULTS: After the walking session a significant decrease in the muscle spasticity and pain intensity was observed. The SCI persons recruited in this study reported (i) a global change after the walking session, (ii) high scores on the positive and (iii) low scores on the negative sensations, thus indicating a good acceptability of the robot-assisted walking. CONCLUSIONS: The overground robot-assisted walking is well accepted by SCI persons and has positive effects in terms of spasticity and pain reduction.
Query aspects approach to web search
Authors: Crabtree Daniel , Gao Xiaoying , Andreae Peter 
Published: August 2016

This paper introduces an aspect based model for analysing search queries, where queries are represented as aspects or concepts instead of “bag of words” or strings. A search query may consist of multiple aspects, while some aspects are covered well in the search results and some others are underrepresented. We think the underrepresented aspects are the main reason for the retrieval of irrelevant documents. This paper introduces novel algorithms that identify query aspects and identify underrepresented aspects. This model has many applications and this paper focuses on three of them: query difficulty prediction, query expansion and interactive query expansion. The main idea is that a hard query is a query with multiple aspects and some of the aspects are underrepresented, and a query can be improved or expanded by adding terms that are semantically related to the underrepresented aspects. Our experiments show that our aspect based methods significantly outperform existing methods.
Uncertainty reasoning for smart homes: An ontological decision network based approach
Authors: Mohammed Abdul-Wahid , Xu Yang , Liu Ming , Agyemang Brighter 
Published: August 2016

As intelligence in smart homes increasingly get sophisticated, it has become necessary adopting ontological reasoning in these domains. However, ontologies presently lack a standardised representation for uncertainty in knowledge. A key challenge therefore lies in developing ontology-based decision-making models that can integrate domain uncertainty. In this paper, a decision network extension to OWL ontology using only a subset of domain concepts relevant for probabilistic modelling is proposed. This relevant set of concepts in ontology can be generated on the fly using an algorithm, OWLMB, introduced in this paper. Given an ontology and a class as inputs to OWLMB, Markov boundary of the class is returned as this minimum relevant set. Also, representations for decision and utility nodes are proposed as an extension of valid decision situation to ontology. Validation of this approach in a smart home scenario shows its feasibility in a real application domain.
KOMPANEETS MODEL FITTING OF THE ORION–ERIDANUS SUPERBUBBLE. II. THINKING OUTSIDE OF BARNARD’S LOOP
Authors: Pon Andy , Ochsendorf Bram B. , Alves João , Bally John , Basu Shantanu , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The Orion star-forming region is the nearest active high-mass star-forming region and has created a large superbubble, the Orion–Eridanus superbubble. Recent work by Ochsendorf et al. has extended the accepted boundary of the superbubble. We fit Kompaneets models of superbubbles expanding in exponential atmospheres to the new larger shape of the Orion–Eridanus superbubble. We find that this larger morphology of the superbubble is consistent with the evolution of the superbubble being primarily controlled by expansion into the exponential Galactic disk ISM if the superbubble is oriented with the Eridanus side farther from the Sun than the Orion side. Unlike previous Kompaneets model fits that required abnormally small scale heights for the Galactic disk (<40 pc), we find morphologically consistent models with scale heights of 80 pc, similar to that expected for the Galactic disk.
A CASE AGAINST SPINNING PAHS AS THE SOURCE OF THE ANOMALOUS MICROWAVE EMISSION
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Draine B. T. , Meisner Aaron M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We employ an all-sky map of the anomalous microwave emission (AME) produced by component separation of the microwave sky to study correlations between the AME and Galactic dust properties. We find that while the AME is highly correlated with all tracers of dust emission, the best predictor of the AME strength is the dust radiance. Fluctuations in the AME intensity per dust radiance are uncorrelated with fluctuations in the emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), casting doubt on the association between AME and PAHs. The PAH abundance is strongly correlated with the dust optical depth and dust radiance, consistent with PAH destruction in low density regions. We find that the AME intensity increases with increasing radiation field strength, at variance with predictions from the spinning dust hypothesis. Finally, the temperature dependence of the AME per dust radiance disfavors the interpretation of the AME as thermal emission. A reconsideration of other AME carriers, such as ultrasmall silicates, and other emission mechanisms, such as magnetic dipole emission, is warranted.
PROBING THE DEEP END OF THE MILKY WAY WITH KEPLER: ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS OF 854 FAINT RED GIANTS MISCLASSIFIED AS COOL DWARFS
Authors: Mathur S. , García R. A. , Huber D. , Regulo C. , Stello D. , Beck P. G. , Houmani K. , Salabert D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Asteroseismology has proven to be an excellent tool to determine not only global stellar properties with good precision, but also to infer the stellar structure, dynamics, and evolution for a large sample of Kepler stars. Prior to the launch of the mission, the properties of Kepler targets were inferred from broadband photometry, leading to the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). The KIC was later revised in the Kepler Star Properties Catalog, based on literature values and an asteroseismic analysis of stars that were unclassified in the KIC. Here, we present an asteroseismic analysis of 45,400 stars that were classified as dwarfs in the Kepler Star Properties Catalog. We found that around 2% of the sample shows acoustic modes in the typical frequency range that put them in the red-giant category rather than the cool dwarf category. We analyze the asteroseismic properties of these stars, derive their surface gravities, masses, and radii, and present updated effective temperatures and distances. We show that the sample is significantly fainter than the previously known oscillating giants in the Kepler field, with the faintest stars reaching down to a Kepler magnitude of Kp ∼ 16. We demonstrate that 404 stars are at distances beyond 5 kpc and that the stars are significantly less massive than for the original Kepler red-giant sample, consistent with a population of distant halo giants. A comparison with a galactic population model shows that up to 40 stars might be genuine halo giants, which would increase the number of known asteroseismic halo stars by a factor of 4. The detections presented here will provide a valuable sample for galactic archeology studies.
GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AS CRADLES OF LIFE AND ADVANCED CIVILIZATIONS
Authors: Stefano R. Di , Ray A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Globular clusters are ancient stellar populations in compact dense ellipsoids. There is no star formation and there are no core-collapse supernovae, but several lines of evidence suggest that globular clusters are rich in planets. If so, and if advanced civilizations can develop there, then the distances between these civilizations and other stars would be far smaller than typical distances between stars in the Galactic disk, facilitating interstellar communication and travel. The potent combination of long-term stability and high stellar densities provides a globular cluster opportunity. Yet the very proximity that promotes interstellar travel also brings danger, as stellar interactions can destroy planetary systems. We find, however, that large portions of many globular clusters are “sweet spots,” where habitable-zone planetary orbits are stable for long times. Globular clusters in our own and other galaxies are, therefore, among the best targets for searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). We use the Drake equation to compare the likelihood of advanced civilizations in globular clusters to that in the Galactic disk. We also consider free-floating planets, since wide-orbit planets can be ejected to travel through the cluster. Civilizations spawned in globular clusters may be able to establish self-sustaining outposts, reducing the probability that a single catastrophic event will destroy the civilization. Although individual civilizations may follow different evolutionary paths, or even be destroyed, the cluster may continue to host advanced civilizations once a small number have jumped across interstellar space. Civilizations residing in globular clusters could therefore, in a sense, be immortal.
MAGNETIC FIELD LINE RANDOM WALK IN ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE WITH VARYING MEAN FIELD
Authors: Sonsrettee W. , Subedi P. , Ruffolo D. , Matthaeus W. H. , Snodin A. P. , Wongpan P. , Chuychai P. , Rowlands G. , Vyas S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In astrophysical plasmas, the magnetic field line random walk (FLRW) plays an important role in guiding particle transport. The FLRW behavior is scaled by the Kubo number

for rms magnetic fluctuation b, large-scale mean field

, and coherence scales parallel (

) and perpendicular (

) to

. Here we use a nonperturbative analytic framework based on Corrsin’s hypothesis, together with direct computer simulations, to examine the R-scaling of the FLRW for varying B
0 with finite b and isotropic fluctuations with

, instead of the well-studied route of varying

for

. The FLRW for isotropic magnetic fluctuations is also of astrophysical interest regarding transport processes in the interstellar medium. With a mean field, fluctuations may have variance anisotropy, so we consider limiting cases of isotropic variance and transverse variance (with b

z
= 0). We obtain analytic theories, and closed-form solutions for extreme cases. Padé approximants are provided to interpolate all versions of theory and simulations to any B
0. We demonstrate that, for isotropic turbulence, Corrsin-based theories generally work well, and with increasing R there is a transition from quasilinear to Bohm diffusion. This holds even with b

z
= 0, when different routes to

are mathematically equivalent; in contrast with previous studies, we find that a Corrsin-based theory with random ballistic decorrelation works well even up to R = 400, where the effects of trapping are barely perceptible in simulation results.
TIDAL STIRRING OF SATELLITES WITH SHALLOW DENSITY PROFILES PREVENTS THEM FROM BEING TOO BIG TO FAIL
Authors: Tomozeiu Mihai , Mayer Lucio , Quinn Thomas 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The “too big to fail” problem is revisited by studying the tidal evolution of populations of dwarf satellites with different density profiles. The high-resolution cosmological ΛCDM “ErisMod” set of simulations is used. These simulations can model both the stellar and dark matter components of the satellites, and their evolution under the action of the tides of a Milky Way (MW)-sized host halo at a force resolution better than 10 pc. The stronger tidal mass loss and re-shaping of the mass distribution induced in satellites with γ = 0.6 dark matter density distributions, as those resulting from the effect of feedback in hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxy formation, are sufficient to bring the circular velocity profiles in agreement with the kinematics of MW’s dSphs. In contrast, in simulations in which the satellites retain cusps at z = 0 there are several “massive failures” with circular velocities in excess of the observational constraints. Various sources of deviations in the conventionally adopted relation between the circular velocity at the half-light radius and the one-dimensional line of sight velocity dispersions are found. Such deviations are caused by the response of circular velocity profiles to tidal effects, which also varies depending on the initially assumed inner density profile and by the complexity of the stellar kinematics, which include residual rotation and anisotropy. In addition, tidal effects naturally induce large deviations in the stellar mass–halo mass relation for halo masses below 109
M
⊙, preventing any reliable application of the abundance matching technique to dwarf galaxy satellites.
« Rebond de la fécondité » dans les pays développés, automatisme ou apanage de quelques rares privilégiés ?
Authors: Greulich Angela 
Published: August 2016

L'inversion de la tendance, appelée « rebond de la fécondité », qui accompagne le processus de développement économique dans certains pays développés, mais pas dans tous, montre que l'incidence du développement économique sur la fécondité est ambiguë. Le caractère positif ou négatif de cette incidence dépend de nombreux facteurs, en plus de la dimension économique. Dans la mesure où la fécondité affecte la croissance démographique et la pyramide des âges, ses évolutions dans un futur immédiat ont des conséquences très importantes sur le développement économique, la croissance de la productivité et certains aspects de la protection sociale. Par conséquent, le fait de savoir si de nouveaux progrès économiques sont susceptibles de provoquer un rebond de la fécondité dans les pays très développés revêt un intérêt politique, social et économique majeur. Cet article apporte un éclairage sur les moteurs potentiels de la fécondité dans les pays très développés. En dressant un état de l'art de la littérature empirique, il répond à la question : le phénomène du « rebond de la fécondité » est-il susceptible, et dans quelles conditions, de devenir un fait stylisé dans les pays développés dans un avenir proche ? Classification JEL : J11, J13, J16, O11.
L’invention freudienne : une invention en marche
Authors: Sédat Jacques 
Published: August 2016

L’invention de la psychanalyse résulte de tâtonnements, de questionnements accumulés et de réponses parfois fragmentaires que Freud a constamment ajustées et réajustées dans sa pratique. Après son stage chez Charcot à La Salpêtrière et sa rencontre avec Bernheim qui travaille sur la « relation », il abandonne la neurologie pour se consacrer au psychisme. Son travail avec les hystériques qui souffrent avant tout de réminiscences le conduit à mesurer l’importance des affects dans l’avancée de la cure, et le rôle du transfert qui assigne au psychanalyste la place de dritte Person . Ce qui implique que l’analyste, selon Freud, renonce à toute position théorique ou intellectualiste de savoir en acceptant d’adopter une position d’« oscillation psychique » au gré des paroles et des besoins du patient, afin que ce dernier puisse faire peu à peu émerger de son histoire sa propre place en tant que sujet.