bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of spaC‐type Erysipelothrix sp. isolates causing systemic disease in ornamental fish
Authors: Pomaranski E K , Reichley S R , Yanong R , Shelley J , Pouder D B , Wolf J C , Kenelty K V , Van Bonn B , Oliaro F , Byrne B , Clothier K A , Griffin M J , Camus A C , Soto E 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSince 2012, low‐to‐moderate mortality associated with an Erysipelothrix sp. bacterium has been reported in ornamental fish. Histological findings have included facial cellulitis, necrotizing dermatitis and myositis, and disseminated coelomitis with abundant intralesional Gram‐positive bacterial colonies. Sixteen Erysipelothrix sp. isolates identified phenotypically as E. rhusiopathiae were recovered from diseased cyprinid and characid fish. Similar clinical and histological changes were also observed in zebrafish, Danio rerio, challenged by intracoelomic injection. The Erysipelothrix sp. isolates from ornamental fish were compared phenotypically and genetically to E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum isolates recovered from aquatic and terrestrial animals from multiple facilities. Results demonstrated that isolates from diseased fish were largely clonal and divergent from E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum isolates from normal fish skin, marine mammals and terrestrial animals. All ornamental fish isolates were PCR positive for spaC, with marked genetic divergence (<92% similarity at gyrB, <60% similarity by rep‐PCR) between the ornamental fish isolates and other Erysipelothrix spp. isolates. This study supports previous work citing the genetic variability of Erysipelothrix spp. spa types and suggests isolates from diseased ornamental fish may represent a genetically distinct species.
Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination
Authors: Jaafar R M , Al‐Jubury A , Chettri J K , Dalsgaard I , Kania P W , Buchmann K 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTeleosts are able to raise a protective immune response, comprising both innate and adaptive elements, against various pathogens. This is the basis for a widespread use of vaccines, administered as injection or immersion, in the aquaculture industry. It has been described that repeated injection vaccination of fish raises a secondary immune response, consisting of rapid, accelerated and increased antibody reaction. This study reports how rainbow trout responds to repeated immersion vaccination against yersiniosis (ERM) caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. It was found that rainbow trout does not raise a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination. Serum antibody titres were merely slightly increased even after three immunizations, using 30‐s immersion into a bacterin consisting of formalin‐inactivated Y. ruckeri (serotype O1, biotypes 1 and 2), performed over a 3‐month period. The densities of IgM‐positive lymphocytes in spleen of fish immunized three times were increased compared to control fish, but no general trend for an increase with the number of immunizations was noted. The lack of a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by limited uptake of antigen by immersion compared to injection.
Comparison of nutrient intake in adolescents and adults with and without food allergies
Authors: Maslin K. , Venter C. , MacKenzie H. , Vlieg‐Boerstra B. , Dean T. , Sommer I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundExclusion diets for the management of food allergy pose a risk of nutritional deficiencies and inadequate growth in children, yet less is known about their effect in adolescents and adults. The present study aimed to compare the dietary intake of adolescents and adults with food allergies with that of a control group.MethodsA food allergic and a control group were recruited from Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight in the UK. Participants were recruited from a food allergy charity, allergy clinics, a local school and university, and previous research studies. Macro and micronutrient intake data were obtained using a 4‐day estimated food diary. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data was collected via a constructed questionnaire.ResultsThis cross‐sectional study included 81 adolescents (48 food allergic and 33 controls) aged 11–18 years and 70 adults aged 19–65 years (23 food allergic and 47 controls). Overall, 19 (22.8%) adolescents and 19 (27.1%) adults took dietary supplements, with no difference according to food allergic status. Adolescents with food allergy had higher intakes of niacin and selenium than adolescents without (P < 0.05). This difference persisted when dietary supplements were removed from the analysis. Adults with food allergies had higher intakes of folate and zinc than those without (P < 0.05); however, this difference did not persist when dietary supplements were removed from the analysis. Across all participants, the intake of several micronutrients was suboptimal. There was no difference in protein or energy intake, or body mass index, according to food allergic status.ConclusionsThe dietary intake of food allergic participants was broadly similar and, in some cases, better than that of control participants. However, suboptimal intakes of several micronutrients were observed across all participants, suggesting poor food choices.
Comparison of the paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord, amniotic membrane and adipose tissue
Authors: Dabrowski Filip A. , Burdzinska Anna , Kulesza Agnieszka , Sladowska Anna , Zolocinska Aleksandra , Gala Kamila , Paczek Leszek , Wielgos Miroslaw 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThe study was conducted to investigate secretory activity and define the paracrine potential of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord and amniotic membrane (UC‐MSCs and AM‐MSCs, respectively).MethodsUC‐MSCs (n = 6) were obtained from tissue explants using an adherent method after two weeks of incubation. AM‐MSCs (n = 6) were obtained by digestion with tripsin and collagenase. MSC phenotype was confirmed in vitro by performing flow cytometry, differentiation assays and vimentin staining. Supernatants were collected after 48 h culturing in serum‐free conditions and the following concentrations were determined: epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), vascular endothelial growth factor‐α (VEGF‐α) and metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, 8 and 13, using multiplex supernatant cytokine assay. Data were compared with adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD‐MSCs, n = 6).ResultsBoth UC‐MSC and AM‐MSC populations were positively identified as MSCs by flow cytometry and differentiation potential into bone, cartilage and adipose tissue. Using a multiple cytokine detection assay, we proved that both UC‐MSCs and AM‐MSCs show high secretive capacity. However, the secretion profile differed between cells from various sources. UC‐MSCs showed significantly higher production of TGF‐β and lower production of VEGF‐α, compared to AD‐MSCs (P = 0.004) and AM‐MSCs (P = 0.039) and lower levels of EGF (P = 0005). AM‐MSCs showed significantly lower levels of MMP‐8 than UC‐MSCs (P = 0.024); however, there was no difference in levels of released cytokines compared to AD‐MSCs.ConclusionAM‐MSCs show similar IL production as AD‐MSCs, while UC‐MSCs have a significantly different profile, which suggests diverse biological potential of both cell types for immunomodulative and regenerative therapy.
Giant fetal hydrometrocolpos associated with cloacal anomaly causing postnatal respiratory distress
Authors: Kanda Tatsuhito , Iizuka Takashi , Yamazaki Rena , Iwadare Junpei , Ono Masanori , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPersistent cloaca is a rare presentation wherein the urethra, vagina, and rectum converge into a common channel with a single perineal opening. Fetal hydrometrocolpos can result if fluid accumulates behind an obstruction of this common channel. A 29‐year‐old woman (G4P1021) was referred at 36 2/7 weeks of gestation for evaluation of a fetal abdominal cystic mass. Detailed ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed two symmetric cystic masses, bilateral hydronephrosis, and oligohydramnios. Elective cesarean delivery was performed at 37 0/7 weeks; the baby weighed 4043 g with Apgar scores of 5 and 6 at 1 and 5 min. Intubation was performed for respiratory distress, and the infant was noted to have an imperforate anus; persistent cloaca was diagnosed. Drainage of the hydrometrocolpos improved the infant's breathing remarkably, and extubation was achieved. This child's imaging findings are among the largest ever reported, and resulted in neonatal respiratory distress.
Rapid modulation of the silent information regulator 1 by melatonin after hypoxia‐ischemia in the neonatal rat brain
Authors: Carloni Silvia , Riparini Giulia , Buonocore Giuseppe , Balduini Walter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that melatonin possesses protective effects toward different kinds of damage in various organs, including the brain. In a neonatal model of hypoxia‐ischemia (HI), melatonin was neuroprotective and preserved the expression of the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) 24 hours after the insult. This study aimed to gain more insight into the role of SIRT1 in the protective effect of melatonin after HI by studying the early (1 hour) modulation of SIRT1 and its downstream targets, and the consequences on necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and glial cell activation. We found that melatonin administered 5 minutes after the ischemic insult significantly reduced necrotic cell death assessed 1 hour after its administration. In parallel, we found a reduced activation of the early phases of intrinsic apoptosis, detected by reduced BAX translocation to the mitochondria and preservation of the mitochondrial expression of cytochrome C, indicating a reduced outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in the melatonin‐treated ischemic animals. These effects were concomitant to increased expression and activity of SIRT1, reduced expression and acetylation of p53, and increased autophagy activation. Melatonin also reduced HI‐induced glial cells activation. SIRT1 was expressed in neurons after HI and melatonin but not in reactive glial cells expressing GFAP. Colocalization between SIRT1 and GFAP was found in some cells in control conditions. In summary, our results provide more insight into the connection between SIRT1 and melatonin in neuroprotection. The possibility that melatonin‐induced SIRT1 activity might contribute to differentiate neuronal progenitor cells during the neurodegenerative process needs to be further investigated.
A reproducible microcosm biofilm model of subgingival microbial communities
Authors: Fernandez y Mostajo M. , Exterkate R. A. M. , Buijs M. J. , Beertsen W. , van der Weijden G. A. , Zaura E. , Crielaard W. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo develop a reproducible subgingival microcosm biofilm model.Material and MethodsSubgingival plaque samples were collected from four deep pockets (probing pocket depth ≥6 mm) in each of seven patients with periodontitis and from shallow pockets (probing pocket depth ≤3 mm) in two periodontally healthy donors. An active attachment model and a peptone medium (Thompson et. al., Appl Environ Microbiol 2015;81:8307–8314) supplemented with 30% serum was used. Biofilms were harvested at 2 and 4 weeks. DNA of dead cells was blocked for amplification by propidium monoazide treatment. Composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. Similarities between the biofilm samples were assessed by non‐metric multidimensional scaling using the Bray‐Curtis similarity index and similarity percentage analysis. Data from duplicate experiments, different biofilm sources and different biofilm age were compared.ResultsThe non‐metric multidimensional scaling revealed a strong clustering by the inoculum source, the donor and their periodontal status. Statistically significant differences were found between the sources of inoculum (P=.0001) and biofilm age (P=.0016). Furthermore, periodontitis biofilms (P) were distinct in composition from health‐derived biofilms (H) by genera: Porphyromonas (P=19%; H=0%), Filifactor (P=10%; H=0%), Anaeroglobus (P=3%; H=0%), Phocaeicola (P=1.5%; H=0%), Parvimonas (P=19%; H=14%), Fusobacterium (P=2%; H=26%), Peptostreptococcus (P=20%; H=30%), Veillonella (P=7%; H=8%) and 57 other genera. Similarity distances (Bray‐Curtis) (mean 0.73, SD 0.15) and the Shannon diversity index (mean 2, SD 0.2) revealed no differences between duplicate experiments (P=.121).ConclusionThis biofilm model allows reproducible production of complex subgingival microbial communities.
Autonomous demand, Harrodian instability and the supply side
Authors: Skott Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA recent literature introduces autonomous demand as the driver of long‐run economic growth and as a stabilizing force that tames Harrodian instability. The argument is unconvincing. The stabilizing effect is modest for plausible parameter values and more importantly, it is questionable whether any components of aggregate demand can be viewed as autonomous in the long run. By contrast, models that include the supply side (the labor market) and/or economic policy can address Harrodian instability and produce level and growth effects that resemble those derived in the literature on autonomous demand.
A Gricean Theory of Malaprops
Authors: Unnsteinsson Elmar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGricean intentionalists hold that what a speaker says and means by a linguistic utterance is determined by the speaker's communicative intention. On this view, one cannot really say anything without meaning it as well. Conventionalists argue, however, that malapropisms provide powerful counterexamples to this claim. I present two arguments against the conventionalist and sketch a new Gricean theory of speech errors, called the misarticulation theory. On this view, malapropisms are understood as a special case of mispronunciation. I argue that the Gricean theory is supported by empirical work in phonetics and phonology and, also, that conventionalism inevitably fails to do this work justice. I conclude, from this, that the conventionalist fails to show that malapropisms constitute a counterexample to a Gricean theory.
Heterogeneity in non‐epitope loop sequence and outer membrane protein complexes alters antibody binding to the major porin protein PorB in serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Matthias Kathryn A. , Strader Michael Brad , Nawar Hesham F. , Gao Yamei S. , Lee Joonseong , Patel Dhilon S. , Im Wonpil , Bash Margaret C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPorB is a well‐characterized outer membrane protein that is common among Neisseria species and is required for survival. A vaccine candidate, PorB induces antibody responses that are directed against six variable surface‐exposed loops that differ in sequence depending on serotype. Although Neisseria meningitidis is naturally competent and porB genetic mosaicism provides evidence for strong positive selection, the sequences of PorB serotypes commonly associated with invasive disease are often conserved, calling into question the interaction of specific PorB loop sequences in immune engagement. In this report, we provide evidence that antibody binding to a PorB epitope can be altered by sequence mutations in non‐epitope loops. Through the construction of hybrid PorB types and PorB molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that loops both adjacent and non‐adjacent to the epitope loop can enhance or diminish antibody binding, a phenotype that correlates with serum bactericidal activity. We further examine the interaction of PorB with outer membrane‐associated proteins, including PorA and RmpM. Deletion of these proteins alters the composition of PorB‐containing native complexes and reduces antibody binding and serum killing relative to the parental strain, suggesting that both intramolecular and intermolecular PorB interactions contribute to host adaptive immune evasion.
Myelinating cocultures of rodent stem cell line‐derived neurons and immortalized Schwann cells
Authors: Ishii Tomohiro , Kawakami Emiko , Endo Kentaro , Misawa Hidemi , Watabe Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2017

Myelination is one of the most remarkable biological events in the neuron–glia interactions for the development of the mammalian nervous system. To elucidate molecular mechanisms of cell‐to‐cell interactions in myelin synthesis in vitro, establishment of the myelinating system in cocultures of continuous neuronal and glial cell lines are desirable. In the present study, we performed co‐culture experiments using rat neural stem cell‐derived neurons or mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell‐derived motoneurons with immortalized rat IFRS1 Schwann cells to establish myelinating cultures between these cell lines. Differentiated neurons derived from an adult rat neural stem cell line 1464R or motoneurons derived from a mouse ES cell line NCH4.3, were mixed with IFRS1 Schwann cells, plated, and maintained in serum‐free F12 medium with B27 supplement, ascorbic acid, and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor. Myelin formation was demonstrated by electron microscopy at 4 weeks in cocultures of 1464R‐derived neurons or NCH4.3‐derived motoneurons with IFRS1 Schwann cells. These in vitro coculture systems utilizing the rodent stable stem and Schwann cell lines can be useful in studies of peripheral nerve development and regeneration.
Workplace continuing education for nurses caring for hospitalised older people
Authors: Baumbusch Jennifer , Shaw Maureen , Leblanc Marie‐Eve , Kjorven Mary , Kwon Jae‐Yung , Blackburn Lorraine , Lawrie Barb , Shamatutu Marilyn , Wolff Angela C. 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo develop, implement and evaluate a workplace continuing education programme about nursing care of hospitalised older people.BackgroundThe healthcare system cannot rely solely upon nurses’ prelicensure education to prepare them to meet the evolving needs of hospitalised older patients. Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic rise in the proportion of older people in hospitals, yet many nurses do not have specialised knowledge about the unique care needs of this population.DesignA multimethod pre‐to post‐design was employed.MethodsBetween September 2013 and April 2014, data were collected via surveys, focus groups and interviews. Thirty‐two Registered Nurses initially enrolled in the programme of which 22 completed all data points. Three managers also participated in interviews. One‐way repeated‐measures ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the effect of the programme and change over time. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSurvey results indicated improvements in perceptions about nursing care of older people but no changes in knowledge. Themes generated from the qualitative data focused on participants’ experiences of taking part in the programme and included: (i) relevance of content and delivery mode, (ii) value of participating in the programme and (iii) continuing education in the context of acute care.ConclusionsThis study illustrated the potential role of workplace continuing education in improving care for hospitalised older people, particularly the potential to change nurses’ perceptions about this population. Nurses prefer learning opportunities that are varied in delivery of educational elder‐focused content and accessible at work. Organisational leaders need to consider strategies that minimise potential barriers to workplace continuing education.Implications for practiceWorkplace continuing education can play a key role in improving quality of care for hospitalized older adults and ought to be a priority for employers planning education for nurses.
A Visual Analog Scale to assess anxiety in children during anesthesia induction (VAS‐I): Results supporting its validity in a sample of day care surgery patients
Authors: Berghmans Johan M. , Poley Marten J. , van der Ende Jan , Weber Frank , Van de Velde Marc , Adriaenssens Peter , Himpe Dirk , Verhulst Frank C. , Utens Elisabeth 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale is widely used to assess children's anxiety during induction of anesthesia, but requires training and its administration is time‐consuming. A Visual Analog Scale, in contrast, requires no training, is easy‐to‐use and quickly completed.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate a Visual Analog Scale as a tool to assess anxiety during induction of anesthesia and to determine cut‐offs to distinguish between anxious and nonanxious children.MethodsFour hundred and one children (1.5‐16 years) scheduled for daytime surgery were included. Children's anxiety during induction was rated by parents and anesthesiologists on a Visual Analog Scale and by a trained observer on the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Psychometric properties assessed were: (i) concurrent validity (correlations between parents' and anesthesiologists' Visual Analog Scale and modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale scores); (ii) construct validity (differences between subgroups according to the children's age and the parents' anxiety as assessed by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory); (iii) cross‐informant agreement using Bland‐Altman analysis; (iv) cut‐offs to distinguish between anxious and nonanxious children (reference: modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale ≥30).ResultsCorrelations between parents' and anesthesiologists' Visual Analog Scale and modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale scores were strong (0.68 and 0.73, respectively). Visual Analog Scale scores were higher for children ≤5 years compared to children aged ≥6. Visual Analog Scale scores of children of high‐anxious parents were higher than those of low‐anxious parents. The mean difference between parents' and anesthesiologists' Visual Analog Scale scores was 3.6, with 95% limits of agreement (−56.1 to 63.3). To classify anxious children, cut‐offs for parents (≥37 mm) and anesthesiologists (≥30 mm) were established.ConclusionsThe present data provide preliminary data for the validity of a Visual Analog Scale to assess children's anxiety during induction.
Various LED Wavelengths Affected Myofiber Development and Satellite Cell Proliferation of Chick Embryos via the IGF‐1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Yao , Bai Xinjie , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Dong Yulan , Dong Yanjun , Chen Yaoxing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn effect of monochromatic light illumination on muscle mass has been discovered in chickens; however, its effect on the development of embryonic muscle remains unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that monochromatic green light promoted satellite cell proliferation and muscle growth in posthatching broilers. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of monochromatic light exposure on muscle development in late embryogenesis. Seven hundred and fifty fertile broiler eggs were randomly assigned to blue (B‐group), green (G‐group), red (R‐group), white (W‐group) lights or darkness (D‐group) throughout the incubation period. The muscle weight and fiber size were highest in the G‐group compared to the other groups during embryonic days (E) 17 to E20. The proliferation of satellite cells isolated from the G‐group was highest, and in vivo green light remarkably increased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, plasma IGF‐1 was higher (15.5–16.2%) in the G‐group than that in D‐ and R‐groups, and the satellite cells isolated from the G‐group had a more sensitive response to IGF‐1. These findings demonstrate green monochromatic photobiomodulation promoted the muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation was related to the IGF‐1 signaling pathway in late embryogenesis.