bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: B Cell–Intrinsic T-bet Expression Is Required To Control Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Barnett Burton E. , Staupe Ryan P. , Odorizzi Pamela M. , Palko Olesya , Tomov Vesselin T. , Mahan Alison E. , Gunn Bronwyn , Chen Diana , Paley Michael A. , Alter Galit , Reiner Steven L. , Lauer Georg M. , Teijaro John R. , Wherry E. John 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The role of Ab and B cells in preventing infection is established. In contrast, the role of B cell responses in containing chronic infections remains poorly understood. IgG2a (IgG1 in humans) can prevent acute infections, and T-bet promotes IgG2a isotype switching. However, whether IgG2a and B cell–expressed T-bet influence the host–pathogen balance during persisting infections is unclear. We demonstrate that B cell–specific loss of T-bet prevents control of persisting viral infection. T-bet in B cells controlled IgG2a production, as well as mucosal localization, proliferation, glycosylation, and a broad transcriptional program. T-bet controlled a broad antiviral program in addition to IgG2a because T-bet in B cells was important, even in the presence of virus-specific IgG2a. Our data support a model in which T-bet is a universal controller of antiviral immunity across multiple immune lineages.
Effect of Anti–IL-15 Administration on T Cell and NK Cell Homeostasis in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: DeGottardi Maren Q. , Okoye Afam A. , Vaidya Mukta , Talla Aarthi , Konfe Audrie L. , Reyes Matthew D. , Clock Joseph A. , Duell Derick M. , Legasse Alfred W. , Sabnis Amit , Park Byung S. , Axthelm Michael K. , Estes Jacob D. , Reiman Keith A. , Sekaly Rafick-Pierre , Picker Louis J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
IL-15 has been implicated as a key regulator of T and NK cell homeostasis in multiple systems; however, its specific role in maintaining peripheral T and NK cell populations relative to other γ-chain (γc) cytokines has not been fully defined in primates. In this article, we address this question by determining the effect of IL-15 inhibition with a rhesusized anti–IL-15 mAb on T and NK cell dynamics in rhesus macaques. Strikingly, anti–IL-15 treatment resulted in rapid depletion of NK cells and both CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells (TEM) in blood and tissues, with little to no effect on naive or central memory T cells. Importantly, whereas depletion of NK cells was nearly complete and maintained as long as anti–IL-15 treatment was given, TEM depletion was countered by the onset of massive TEM proliferation, which almost completely restored circulating TEM numbers. Tissue TEM, however, remained significantly reduced, and most TEM maintained very high turnover throughout anti–IL-15 treatment. In the presence of IL-15 inhibition, TEM became increasingly more sensitive to IL-7 stimulation in vivo, and transcriptional analysis of TEM in IL-15–inhibited monkeys revealed engagement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, suggesting alternative γc cytokine signaling may support TEM homeostasis in the absence of IL-15. Thus, IL-15 plays a major role in peripheral maintenance of NK cells and TEM. However, whereas most NK cell populations collapse in the absence of IL-15, TEM can be maintained in the face of IL-15 inhibition by the activity of other homeostatic regulators, most likely IL-7.
Augusto Graziani's Equilibrio generale ed equilibrio macroeconomico: a key milestone in a long journey out of the neoclassical mainstream
Authors: Cingolani Massimo 
Published: July 2016

Educated in the best Italian cultural and economic tradition, Augusto Graziani was a scholar of great finesse and erudition. These qualities come out clearly in Equilibrio generale ed equilibrio macroeconomico (1965a), interpreted here as the initial step in a process that eventually brought Graziani to the final rejection of methodological individualism and the reconstruction of microeconomics on macroeconomic bases achieved with The Monetary Theory of Production (2003). In his 1965 book, Graziani shows that, save for the Sraffian–Kaldorian heterodox alternative, extending Walras to dynamics in a multisectoral framework requires assumptions logically equivalent to those of single good models. This also points implicitly towards the need of interpreting the mainstream temporary equilibrium method in terms of path dependency when it refers to multiple sectors, and thus precludes that it converges towards a ‘plain’, long-term intertemporal general equilibrium. The latter is a notion generally associated with the name of Walras and early marginalists, but which owes much to later developments by Hayek, Lindahl and Hicks.For the single period, Graziani's work on the monetary circuit can be read as an original variant of the monetary temporary equilibrium of Myrdal, where money and debt, combined with errors in exogenous expectations, explain the path-dependency of short-term equilibria. For continuation analysis, this is completed with insights from Wicksell, Schumpeter, Marx and Kalecki, whereby the circuit provides a simple explanation of the Keynesian fallacy of composition critique of microeconomics.But the book is also an important contribution to an Italian debate on capital theory, which emerged mainly in Il Giornale degli Economisti in the 1960s, in parallel with the more cosmopolitan ‘two Cambridge capital controversies’ that developed at the same time in the top American and British journals. Both originated in Sraffa's famous 1960 contribution and should thus be examined together.
How stratospheric are deep stratospheric intrusions? LUAMI 2008
Authors: Trickl Thomas , Vogelmann Hannes , Fix Andreas , Schäfler Andreas , Wirth Martin , Calpini Bertrand , Levrat Gilbert , Romanens Gonzague , Apituley Arnoud , Wilson Keith M. , Begbie Robert , Reichardt Jens , Vömel Holger , Sprenger Michael 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A large-scale comparison of water-vapour vertical-sounding instruments took place over central Europe on 17 October 2008, during a rather homogeneous deep stratospheric intrusion event (LUAMI, Lindenberg Upper-Air Methods Intercomparison). The measurements were carried out at four observational sites: Payerne (Switzerland), Bilthoven (the Netherlands), Lindenberg (north-eastern Germany), and the Zugspitze mountain (Garmisch-Partenkichen, German Alps), and by an airborne water-vapour lidar system creating a transect of humidity profiles between all four stations. A high data quality was verified that strongly underlines the scientific findings. The intrusion layer was very dry with a minimum mixing ratios of 0 to 35 ppm on its lower west side, but did not drop below 120 ppm on the higher-lying east side (Lindenberg). The dryness hardens the findings of a preceding study (“Part 1”, Trickl et al., 2014) that, e.g., 73 % of deep intrusions reaching the German Alps and travelling 6 days or less exhibit minimum mixing ratios of 50 ppm and less. These low values reflect values found in the lowermost stratosphere and indicate very slow mixing with tropospheric air during the downward transport to the lower troposphere. The peak ozone values were around 70 ppb, confirming the idea that intrusion layers depart from the lowermost edge of the stratosphere. The data suggest an increase of ozone from the lower to the higher edge of the intrusion layer. This behaviour is also confirmed by stratospheric aerosol caught in the layer. Both observations are in agreement with the idea that sections of the vertical distributions of these constituents in the source region were transferred to central Europe without major change. LAGRANTO trajectory calculations demonstrated a rather shallow outflow from the stratosphere just above the dynamical tropopause, for the first time confirming the conclusions in “Part 1” from the Zugspitze CO observations. The trajectories qualitatively explain the temporal evolution of the intrusion layers above the four stations participating in the campaign.
Turbulence kinetic energy budget during the afternoon
transition – Part 1: Observed surface TKE budget and boundary layer
description for 10 intensive observation period days
Authors: Nilsson Erik , Lohou Fabienne , Lothon Marie , Pardyjak Eric , Mahrt Larry , Darbieu Clara 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The decay of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and its budget in the afternoon period from midday until zero-buoyancy flux at the surface is studied in a two-part paper by means of measurements from the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign for 10 intensive observation period days. Here, in Part 1, near-surface measurements from a small tower are used to estimate a TKE budget. The overall boundary layer characteristics and mesoscale situation at the site are also described based upon taller tower measurements, radiosoundings and remote sensing instrumentation. Analysis of the TKE budget during the afternoon transition reveals a variety of different surface layer dynamics in terms of TKE and TKE decay. This is largely attributed to variations in the 8 m wind speed, which is responsible for different amounts of near-surface shear production on different afternoons and variations within some of the afternoon periods. The partitioning of near-surface production into local dissipation and transport in neutral and unstably stratified conditions was investigated. Although variations exist both between and within afternoons, as a rule of thumb, our results suggest that about 50 % of the near-surface production of TKE is compensated for by local dissipation near the surface, leaving about 50 % available for transport. This result indicates that it is important to also consider TKE transport as a factor influencing the near-surface TKE decay rate, which in many earlier studies has mainly been linked with the production terms of TKE by buoyancy and wind shear. We also conclude that the TKE tendency is smaller than the other budget terms, indicating a quasi-stationary evolution of TKE in the afternoon transition. Even though the TKE tendency was observed to be small, a strong correlation to mean buoyancy production of −0.69 was found for the afternoon period. For comparison with previous results, the TKE budget terms are normalized with friction velocity and measurement height and discussed in the framework of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. Empirically fitted expressions are presented. Alternatively, we also suggest a non-local parametrization of dissipation using a TKE–length scale model which takes into account the boundary layer depth in addition to distance above the ground. The non-local formulation is shown to give a better description of dissipation compared to a local parametrization.
Interfaces como metacomunicação: contribuição da engenharia semiótica na representação no ciberespaço
Authors: Santos Miriam Cristina Fava , Monteiro Silvana Drumond 
Published: July 2016

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>O ciberespaço com suas características interativas trouxe novos desafios para a representação do conhecimento, devido as mudanças tecnológicas, o protagonismo dos sujeitos em ambientes de informação digital e a experiência que esses ambientes podem fornecer. A interação no ciberespaço pode ser vista como um processo de indicações recíprocas, em que o<em> designer </em>deve indicar como outra pessoa pode agir. Nesse processo, o sujeito informacional não é um agente passivo, ele é chamado à interpretação. A metacomunicação leva o <em>designer </em>a se preocupar em prever as necessidades levando em conta a visão de quem esse sujeito é, o que ele busca na Interface e por meio dela. </p><p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>1) Analisar as Interfaces como Metacomunicação do <em>designer</em> no ciberespaço. 2) Identificar a contribuição da Engenharia Semiótica para o <em>designer</em> no processo de significação e representação nas interfaces.</p><p><strong>Metodologia: </strong>Para efetuar a Análise Documental, utilizou-se a técnica de análise categorial, ou seja, um desmembramento dos signos estáticos, dinâmicos e metalinguísticos da Teoria da Engenharia Semiótica, comparando-os com a divisão triádica dos signos de Peirce (ícone, índice e símbolo) no <em>corpus</em> selecionado: <em>site</em>s da Biblioteca Nacional da Austrália e da Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> Percebeu-se uma maior preocupação do <em>designer</em> da Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos para a metacomunicação, pois o <em>designer</em> criou mais rotas e indicações para caminhos que antecipavam as possíveis intenções dos sujeitos informacionais na busca pelo conhecimento. Conclusões: A Teoria da Engenharia Semiótica contribui com a Ciência da Informação na busca por representar melhor o conteúdo ao trazer o conceito da Interface como Metacomunicação do <em>designer</em> para o sujeito informacional que navega no ciberespaço<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">,</span> ambos mentes interpretadoras e produtoras de conhecimento.</p>
Quilombolas e indígenas: intercruzamentos, identidades e conflitos no sertão de Pernambuco (Maroon and indigeneous comunities: intermingling, identities and conflicts in Pernambuco hinterlands)
Authors: Leite Maria Jorge Dos Santos 
Published: July 2016

<p>O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar o processo de construção identitária da comunidade quilombola de Conceição das Crioulas, observando o entrelaçamento étnico-cultural entre seus habitantes e os da aldeia indígena Atikum. Ambas são comunidades tradicionais localizadas no sertão de Pernambuco. Devido à proximidade geográfica entre as duas comunidades e as múltiplas relações historicamente estabelecidas entre elas, há evidências de que há certa assimilação da cultura indígena pela população quilombola, o mesmo acontecendo com os índios Atikum.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this study is to analyze the identitary construction process of the maroon community from Conceição das Crioulas, observing the ethnic and cultural intermingling between its inhabitants and the Atikum Indian village. Both are traditional communities located in Pernambuco. Because of geographical proximity between the two communities and multiple relationships historically established between them, there is certain assimilation of indigenous culture, by maroon population , as do the Atikum Indians.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Identities. Maroon. Indigenous.</p>
Entre a farroupilha e a redenção: negros percursos museológicos na terra do chimarrão (Between farroupilha and redemption: museological black routes on earth the mate)
Authors: Mello Janaina Cardoso 
Published: July 2016

<p>Este artigo parte dos conceitos de patrimonialização e musealização para tratar da presença negra no sul do Brasil. O processo de musealização, partindo do percurso da presença negra em Porto Alegre, reafirma a conexão subjetiva entre a população e seu território para que dele se apropriem e nele se reinscrevam como sujeitos da comunicação de suas memórias. Na primeira parte desenvolve-se uma análise conceitual para, depois, apresentar o estudo de caso da elaboração dos percursos e simbologias negras na terra do chimarrão em seus processos de negociação, conflitos, silêncios e resistência.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article part of the concepts of having and musealization to treat the black presence in southern Brazil. The musealization process starting from the path of the black presence in Porto Alegre reaffirmed the subjective connection between the population and its territory for that ownership and rewrites as subjects of his memories. In the first part develops a conceptual analysis to then present the case study of routes and black symbologies in the land of chimarrão in trading processes, conflicts, silences and resistance.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: patrimonialisation. Musealization. Museum. Black identity.</p><p> </p>
Etnicidade de hutus e tutsis no Manifesto Hutu de 1957 (Ethnicity of Tutsis and Hutus in the 1957 Hutu Manifest)
Authors: Fonseca Danilo Ferreira da 
Published: July 2016

<p>O presente artigo visa refletir acerca do modo com que a etnicidade de hutus e tutsi é vivenciada e problematizada na turbulenta década de 1950 de Ruanda, principalmente devido ao processo de independência frente a Bélgica, que foi concretizado em 1962. O foco principal está na maneira que o chamado “Manifesto hutu”, de 1957, compreende e divulga múltiplas faces acerca da etnicidade de hutus e tutsis, envolvendo a relação construída entre os dois grupos e o seu sentimento de pertencimento. O movimento emancipatório de Ruanda possibilita novas reflexões acerca da unidade nacional ruandesa e do pertencimento étnico que os hutus constroem acerca de si mesmos e acerca dos tutsis, em um movimento que funde elementos tradicionais e modernos a partir dos costumes locais e da inserção de instituições ocidentais no país. Tais elementos são centrais para a construção da Revolução hutu de 1959, que rompe com a dominação aristocrática dos tutsis e traz cicatrizes históricas profundas que são reabertas em diferentes momentos da história ruandesa, inclusive no próprio genocídio ocorrido em 1994.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article aims to reflect on the way the Hutu and Tutsi ethnicity is touched upon and problematized in the turbulent 1950s in Rwanda, mainly due independence process in front of Belgium, that was implemented in 1962. The main focus is on so that the called "Hutu Manifest" of 1957 comprises and discloses multiple faces on the ethnicity of Hutus and Tutsis, involving the relationship built between the two groups and their sense of belonging. The emancipatory movement of Rwanda provides new insights about the Rwandan national unity and ethnic belonging that Hutus build about themselves and about the Tutsis, in a move that merge traditional and modern elements from the local customs and the inclusion of estern institutions in the country. These elements are central to Hutu revolution of 1959 building that breaks with the aristocratic domination of Tutsis and back deep historical scars that are reopened at different times of Rwandan history, including genocide occurred in 1994.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:<strong> </strong>Ethnicity. Hutus. Tutsis. Rwanda. Hutu Manifest.</p>
Diásporas africanas e contatos afroindígenas na Amazônia Marajoara (African diasporas and afroindígenas contacts in Marajoara Amazon)
Authors: Pacheco Agenor Sarraf 
Published: July 2016

<p>Este artigo percorre evidências históricas das diásporas africanas na Amazônia Marajoara e das intersecções tecidas por índios e negros desde o período colonial. Focaliza descobertas e sentidos na escrita do saber acerca da temática e questiona o lugar da região na compreensão mais ampla e inclusiva da história da Amazônia. Em seguida, procura mapear e discutir o processo de colonização do grande arquipélago, formação dos latifúndios, introdução da mão de obra africana, bem como fugas e práticas de solidariedade entre nativos e diaspóricos na constituição de mocambos e quilombos entre campos e florestas marajoaras. Fundamentado nos Estudos Culturais e no Pensamento Pós-Colonial e Decolonial, analisa experiências dos variados sujeitos históricos na compreensão das zonas de contato e mediações interculturais, deixando ver que entre idas e vindas, índios e negros recriaram costumes, renovaram e readaptaram rituais, festas e tradições na ambiguidade de viveres sempre domados e regidos pelo invencível regime das águas marajoara. Nessas simbioses, as Áfricas foram recriadas na Amazônia Marajoara, assim como as identidades de homens e mulheres marajoaras de matrizes afroindígenas vêm sendo reinventadas ao longo da história regional.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article covers historical evidence of African diasporas in the Amazon Marajoara and intersections woven by Indians and blacks from the colonial period. Focuses on discoveries and directions in writing of knowledge about the theme and question the region's place in the broader and more inclusive understanding of the history of the Amazon. Then seeks to map and discuss the process of colonization of the great archipelago, the formation of large estates, introduction of African labor, as well as trails and solidarity between locals and diasporic practices in setting up shacks and quilombos between fields and forests marajoaras. The basis of Cultural Studies and Postcolonial Thought and decolonial, analyzes experiences of historical subjects varied in understanding the contact zones and intercultural mediation, revealing that between comings and goings, Indians and blacks recreated costumes, renewed and readaptaram rituals, parties and We live in the traditions of ambiguity always tamed and governed by invincible regime of marajoara waters. In these symbioses the Áfricas were recreated in Marajoara Amazon, as well as the identities of men and women afroindígenas Marajoaras matrices have been re-invented along the regional history.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Diasporas. Blacks in Marajó. Leakage. Contactzones. Afroindígena.</p>
Não somos selvagens: cultura política dos índios no Ceará (1799-1822) (We are not wild: Indian’s political culture in Ceará (1799-1822))
Authors: Costa João Paulo Peixoto 
Published: July 2016

<p>O espaço social imaginado para os índios na América portuguesa, entre meados do século XVIII e início do XIX, os colocava em uma ambiguidade. Mesmo estando em situação de equidade com os brancos enquanto vassalos régios, eram caracterizados como ainda sujeitos a uma espécie de “menoridade moral”. Entre a construção da imagem dessa população associada à barbárie e a ação política dessas comunidades em suas povoações, chama atenção a procura constante dos índios em identificar-se enquanto súditos do rei e merecedores dos direitos que lhes eram garantidos e que bem conheciam. Diante desses conflitos, o objetivo é contrastar a imagem de “entregues à natureza” construída pelos governadores com a cultura política dos índios vilados no Ceará, omitida dos registros do governo, apesar de sua presença latente.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The social space imagined for the Indians in Portuguese America, between the mid-eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, put them in an ambiguity. Even though they are in a situation of equality with the white men known as vassals, were characterized as still subject to a kind of "moral minority". Between the construction of the image associated with this barbarism and the political action of these communities in their towns’ population, it points out the constant pursuit of the Indians in order to identify themselves as subjects of the king and deserving of rights that were guaranteed and that they knew well. Given these conflicts, the goal is to contrast the image of “delivered to nature” which is built by the governors with the political culture of Indians in Ceará, that are omitted from the records of the government, despite its latent presence.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:<strong> </strong>Indians. Political culture. Ceará.</p>
Assessment of wind resources and short-term power prediction in Lithuania
Authors: Gecevičius Giedrius , Marčiukaitis Mantas , Markevičius Antanas , Katinas Vladislovas 
Published: July 2016

The installed wind power in Lithuania reached 422 MW in 2015, and it was one of the most developing renewable energy sectors in the country. For this reason, it is important to estimate wind energy potential and the tendencies of wind power prediction accuracy. In this work, the results of statistical analysis of wind measurements in a number of locations in Lithuania are presented, which makes the basis for wind energy potential estimation. Wind power prediction errors of different time scales have been analysed, and the influence of seasonal and diurnal wind power variation is pointed out. Also, the possibilities of connection of new wind farms to the grid are analysed in the paper. Investigation shows that northern and middle regions of Lithuania are the most favourable for further wind power development with the goal of reaching the total installed power of 840 MW till 2030.