bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal fungi as critical biotic filters for tree seedling establishment during species range expansions
Authors: Tourville Jordon C. , Horton Thomas R. , Dovciak Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal warming has been shifting climatic envelopes of many tree species to higher latitudes and elevations across the globe; however, unsuitable soil biota may inhibit tree migrations into these areas of suitable climate. Specifically, the role of mycorrhizal fungi in facilitating tree seedling establishment beyond natural species range limits has not been fully explored within forest ecosystems. We used three experiments to isolate and quantify the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and common mycorrhizal networks (CMN) on tree seedling survival and growth across (within and beyond) the elevational ranges of two dominant tree species in northeastern North America, which were associated with either arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF, Acer saccharum) or ectomycorrhiza (EMF, Fagus grandifolia). In order to quantify the influence of mycorrhiza on seedling establishment independent of soil chemistry and climate, we grew seedlings in soils from within and beyond our study species ranges in a greenhouse experiment (GE) as well as in the field using a soil translocation experiment (STE) and another field experiment manipulating seedling connections to potential CMNs (CMNE). Root length colonized, seedling survival and growth, foliar nutrients, and the presence of potential root pathogens were examined as metrics influencing plant performance across species' ranges. Mycorrhizal inoculum from within species ranges, but not from outside, increased seedling survival and growth in a greenhouse setting; however, only seedling survival, and not growth, was significantly improved in field studies. Sustained potential connectivity to AMF networks increased seedling survival across the entire elevational range of A. saccharum. Although seedlings disconnected from a potential CMN did not suffer decreased foliar nutrient levels compared with connected seedlings, disconnected AM seedlings, but not EM seedlings, had significantly higher aluminum concentrations and more potential pathogens present. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal fungi may facilitate tree seedling establishment beyond species range boundaries in this forested ecosystem and that the magnitude of this effect is modulated by the dominant mycorrhizal type present (i.e., AM vs. EM). Thus, despite changing climate conditions beyond species ranges, a lack of suitable mutualists can still limit successful seedling establishment and stall adaptive climate‐induced shifts in tree species distributions.
Slower but deeper community change: Intrinsic dynamics regulate anthropogenic impacts on species temporal turnover
Authors: Terry J. Christopher D. , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms behind biodiversity dynamics is central to assessing and forecasting anthropogenic impacts on ecological communities. However, the manner in which external environmental drivers act in concert with intrinsic ecological processes to influence local temporal turnover is currently largely unexplored. Here, we determine how human impacts affect multiple metrics of bird community turnover to establish the ecological mechanisms behind compositional change. We used US Breeding Bird Survey data to calculate transect‐level rates of three measures of temporal species turnover: (1) “short‐term” (initial rate of decline of Sørensen similarity), (2) “long‐term” (asymptotic Sørensen similarity), and (3) “throughput” (overall species accumulation rate from species–time relationship exponents) over 2692 transects across 27 regional habitat types. We then hierarchically fit linear models to estimate the effect of anthropogenic impact on these turnover metrics, using the Human Modification Index proxy, while accounting for observed species richness, the size of the species pool, and annual environmental variability. We found broadly consistent impacts of increased anthropogenic pressures across diverse habitat types. The Human Modification Index was associated with greater turnover at long timescales, but marginally slower short‐term turnover. The species “throughput” (accumulation rate) was not notably influenced. Examining anthropogenic impacts on different aspects of species turnover in combination allows greater ecological insight. Observed human impacts on short‐term turnover were the opposite of existing expectations and suggest humans are disrupting the background turnover of these systems, rather than simply driving rapid directed turnover. The increased long‐term turnover without concurrent increases in species accumulation implies human impacts lead to shifts in species occurrence frequency rather than simply greater arrival of “new” species. These results highlight the role of intrinsic dynamics and caution against simple interpretations of increased species turnover as reflections of environmental change.
The Ordering and Arrangement of Intercalated Carboxylate Ions in Anion‐Exchangeable Layered Yttrium Hydroxides
Authors: Wu Kefeng , Xu Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe intercalation chemistry is essential in the application of anion‐exchangeable layered metal hydroxides. However, much of the key information regarding intercalated anions, such as the degree of ordering and arrangement is still not clear or missing to date, due to the difficulty in probing the local environment of anions by routine characterization techniques. Herein, we employed solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy to offer valuable complementary insights into the ordering and arrangement of a series of monocarboxylate anions (RCOO−: R=HO, H, CH3, C2H5, and C3H7) within the interlayer space of two layered yttrium hydroxides (LYH‐Cl and LYH‐Br). The results imply that the two smaller carboxylate anions (R=HO and H) are disordered after intercalation, while the larger carboxylate anions (R=CH3, C2H5, and C3H7) are relatively ordered. We further explored if the intercalated anions are parallel arranged as those in sodium salts or antiparallel arranged as those predicted in the majority of previous reports. We uncovered that the intercalated anions are antiparallel arranged based on the formation energy obtained in density functional theory calculations and ssNMR data. Our results therefore contribute to a deeper and comprehensive understanding of the intercalation chemistry of layered rare earth hydroxides.
Semiconducting Mixed Valence Sulfido (Selenido) Ferrates: Optical, Dielectric, and Electrochemical Impedance Properties
Authors: Reza Ghazanfari M. , Janus Lara , Ramadan Islam , Tallu Mirko , Dehnen Stefanie , Thiele Günther 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ternary potassium sulfido and selenido ferrates K9[Fe2S(e)7] were synthesized as pure phases through a facile and straightforward solid‐state method. The compounds crystalize isotypic as has been reported previously. UV‐visible measurements indicate semiconductivity, showing direct optical band gaps with energies of 1.91 eV for the sulfido and 1.72 eV for the selenido ferrate. Investigations of dielectric and impedance properties provide their dielectric constants in the range of 60 to 74 at room temperature at a frequency of 1 kHz, as well as ionic conductivity values in the range of 2.08 ⋅ 10−5 and 2.61 ⋅ 10−5 mS cm−1. Both, the dielectric constants and the calculated ionic conductivity of the selenido ferrate are higher compared to the sulfido ferrate, corresponding to the larger unit cell volume and increased bond lengths in the selenido ferrates. The dielectric constants are comparably higher than the reference material of SiO2, which might introduce them for dielectric applications.
Digital teaching resource management system for higher education
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhuang Li , Li Caihong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAt present, the management and utilization of teaching resources in higher education are characterized by issues, such as limited functionality, simple structure, inadequate sharing, and weak management capacity. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multimedia information processing technique based on computer technology. The system utilizes Java programming language, the Spring Boot framework, Servlet, and other technologies to process data through a MySQL database. It consists of main modules for students, teachers, and administrators. The developed digital teaching resource management system is stable, user‐friendly, with a clear interface, and capable of meeting the educational needs of colleges and universities. By maximizing the sharing and integration of university teaching resources, this system not only innovates teaching and learning approaches but also holds significant practical implications.
Musical Sophistication and Multilingualism: Effects on Arcuate Fasciculus Characteristics
Authors: Cui Anja‐Xiaoxing , Kraeutner Sarah N. , Kepinska Olga , Motamed Yeganeh Negin , Hermiston Nancy , Werker Janet F. , Boyd Lara A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe processing of auditory stimuli which are structured in time is thought to involve the arcuate fasciculus, the white matter tract which connects the temporal cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. Research has indicated effects of both musical and language experience on the structural characteristics of the arcuate fasciculus. Here, we investigated in a sample of n = 84 young adults whether continuous conceptualizations of musical and multilingual experience related to structural characteristics of the arcuate fasciculus, measured using diffusion tensor imaging. Probabilistic tractography was used to identify the dorsal and ventral parts of the white matter tract. Linear regressions indicated that different aspects of musical sophistication related to the arcuate fasciculus' volume (emotional engagement with music), volumetric asymmetry (musical training and music perceptual abilities), and fractional anisotropy (music perceptual abilities). Our conceptualization of multilingual experience, accounting for participants' proficiency in reading, writing, understanding, and speaking different languages, was not related to the structural characteristics of the arcuate fasciculus. We discuss our results in the context of other research on hemispheric specializations and a dual‐stream model of auditory processing.
Socioeconomic inequalities in waiting times for breast cancer surgery
Authors: Matias Maria Ana , Santos Rita , Siciliani Luigi , Sivey Peter , Proctor Andrew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrompt access to cancer care is a policy priority in several OECD countries, because delayed access can exacerbate deleterious health outcomes. Access to care based on need remains a key pillar of publicly‐funded health systems. This study tests for the presence of inequalities in waiting times by socioeconomic status for patients receiving breast cancer surgery (mastectomy or breast conserving surgery) in England using the Hospital Episode Statistics. We investigate separately the pre‐COVID‐19 period (April 2015–January 2020), and the COVID‐19 period (February 2020–March 2022). We use linear regression models to study the association between waiting times and income deprivation measured at the patient's area of residence. We control for demographic factors, type and number of comorbidities, past emergency admissions and Healthcare Resource Groups, and supply‐level factors through hospital fixed effects. In the pre‐COVID‐19 period, we do not find statistically significant associations between income deprivation in the patient's area of residence and waiting times for surgery. In the COVID‐19 period, we find that patients living in the most deprived areas have longer waiting times by 0.7 days (given a mean waiting time of 20.6 days).
Evaluation of the ‘A walk can work wonders’ mass media campaign in South Australia
Authors: Bauman Adrian , Schranz Natasha , Bellew William , Fisher Gabrielle , Krumeich Benjamin , Crozier Alyson J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedFew population‐wide efforts have targeted physical activity in Australia. Mass media campaigns are used to promote physical activity and walking, and World Health Organisation recommends their linkage to broader cross‐government initiatives. This project evaluates a South Australian (SA) walking mass media campaign linked to the overall SA Walking Strategy.MethodsBetween January and June 2022, Wellbeing SA (a SA government agency) conducted two waves of a mass media campaign, ‘A walk can work wonders’, to promote walking. The campaign was part of the SA Walking Strategy, targeting the goal to change the ‘community culture towards recognising walking’ as convenient, affordable and health‐promoting. Evaluation was formative (pre‐campaign), process (campaign implementation and delivery) and impact. Formative evaluation comprised concept and tagline testing with adult SAs to develop the campaign messages and theme. Process evaluation was comprised of media monitoring of social media, mainstream media and other media monitoring metrics. The process evaluation was dominated by social media marketing in Wave 1, with substantially more paid TV media and radio in Wave 2. The impact evaluation comprised two independent sample surveys of adult SAs (n = 800 each) following each wave of the campaign. Measures included generic and prompted campaign recall and attitudes to physical activity. An independent South Australian Population Health Survey (SAPHS) tracked walking and physical activity behaviours from 2021 to the end of 2022.ResultsProcess evaluation showed intensive social media usage in Wave 1, and through increased paid television and radio in Wave 2. Generic recall of any walking message (23.9%) and prompted recall of the specific campaign message (27.8%) reached most socio‐demographic groups, especially those with chronic health problems. Increases in intention to increase activity and increased self‐reported activity were seen between the campaign Wave 1 and Wave 2 notable as the Wave 2 increase followed substantial television advertising. The SAPHS data showed increased population walking following the campaign waves, compared to the same period in 2021.ConclusionsDetailed and structured evaluation of a comprehensive mass media campaign showed good reach, and population changes in intentions and walking behaviour amongst SAs.So What?It is likely that comprehensive approaches are needed to support mass media campaigns and amplify their effects. Serial, sustained campaigns are needed to monitor ongoing effects.
Field study of a cubical integrated solar collector storage tank under Baghdad province
Authors: Amori Karima E. , Al‐Tahir Sarah O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new, easy‐to‐manufacture, and low‐cost integrated cubical solar collector tank for domestic usage is concerned in this work. Three models are prepared, side by side, and tested to point out their seasonal performance. Tank Model I has three vertical sides, black painted and glazed to act as an absorber; the other sides are insulated. Tank Model II has two black painted and glazed sides, with four insulated surfaces. The models are south‐oriented at different positions and tested versus the conventional tank (Model III) to validate and assess their performance in summer and winter. In summer, the temperatures in Models I and II are lower than those for Model III since they have insulated sides. Their glazed sides absorb a small amount of solar radiation since they are almost parallel to the incident solar radiation in summer. In winter, the water temperature in these models rises higher than that for Model III since their glazed sides work as solar collectors and have much lower heat loss to ambient. Therefore, the new design can provide a moderate temperature for summer and winter for residential use. Their water temperature does not exceed the ambient temperature at night in summer. It was higher than the ambient temperature in winter. The thermal efficiency for Models I and II in summer was 10.93% and 15.62%, respectively. While in winter, they were 15.09% and 19.46%, respectively.
How to evaluate local fit (residuals) in large structural equation models
Authors: Kline Rex B. 
Published: October 2024

Consistent with reporting standards for structural equation modelling (SEM), model fit should be evaluated at two different levels, global and local. Global fit concerns the overall or average correspondence between the entire data matrix and the model, given the parameter estimates for the model. Local fit is evaluated at the level of the residuals, or differences between observed and predicted associations for every pair of measured variables in the model. It can happen that models with apparently satisfactory global fit can nevertheless have problematic local fit. This may be especially true for relatively large models with many variables, where serious misspecification is indicated by some larger residuals, but their contribution to global fit is diluted when averaged together with all the other smaller residuals. It can be challenging to evaluate local fit in large models with dozens or even hundreds of variables and corresponding residuals. Thus, the main goal of this tutorial is to offer suggestions about how to efficiently evaluate and describe local fit for large structural equation models. An empirical example is described where all data, syntax and output files are freely available to readers.
Cranial neuropathy following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Fukae Shota , Yamanaka Kazuaki , Matsumura Soichi , Tanaka Ryo , Nakazawa Shigeaki , Kakuta Yoichi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding of adverse reactions to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines remains limited.Case presentationCase 1: A 52‐year‐old woman, post‐kidney transplantation, experienced sudden vision loss in her left eye after receiving a second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. She was diagnosed with ischemic optic neuropathy.Case 2: A 53‐year‐old woman, post‐kidney transplantation, presented with worsening diplopia and left eye pain following the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. She was diagnosed with left abducens nerve palsy.ConclusionVigilance is essential for recognizing the potential for delayed cranial neuropathy in immunocompromised individuals after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination.
Possibilities and power during early Head Start Home visits: Comparing family‐ and home visitor‐opened decision‐making
Authors: Hancock Christine L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDecision‐making by families and professionals about how to support children's development is an integral aspect of home visits. This study investigated home visit decision‐making in a US program for families experiencing poverty, Early Head Start (EHS), through the following questions: What types of decisions do home visitors and families make about children's development during EHS home visits? How and to what extent do home visitors and families participate during these decisions? A convergent mixed methods research design was implemented to investigate participation through frequency counts and discourse analysis of home visit transcripts. Home visitor participants were four women, three white and one Black. Twelve families participated (12 mothers, 2 fathers). Parents identified as white (n = 8), Black (n = 3), and multiracial (n = 3; Black and white). One parent was a bilingual Arabic and English speaker. A total of 66 decisions about children's development were identified, with 49 decisions initiated by home visitors and 17 initiated by families. Although families talked more and took on active roles when they initiated (i.e., opened) decisions, home visitors predominantly controlled decision‐making. Quantitative and qualitative participation differed only in the beginning of family‐opened decisions, and home visitors gradually took more control.
PIoT‐oriented multi‐target recognition of substation infrared images driven by deep learning
Authors: Li Min , Li Tou , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubstation infrared imaging plays a crucial role in condition monitoring and fault detection of Power Internet of Things (PIoT). However, the accurate and efficient recognition of multiple targets in substation infrared images remains a challenging task. This paper proposes a deep learning‐based multi‐target recognition framework for substation infrared images in PIoT. This paper presents a method for recognizing various electrical equipment in infrared images of substations using a faster region‐based convolutional neural network (Faster RCNN). The optimization of Faster RCNN includes class rectification inspired by non‐maximum suppression (NMS), enabling the correction of misclassified equipment parts and enhancing recognition accuracy. The approach combines NMS and class rectification to retain region proposals with optimal recognition performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the recognition accuracy of electrical equipment in infrared images.
Evaluating the role of microbial degradation and analytical methods in monitoring imidacloprid persistence for white grub management in turfgrass
Authors: Huling Andrew , McGraw Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhite grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are the most destructive insect pests of cool‐ and warm‐season turfgrasses worldwide (Vittum, 2020). Neonicotinoids, particularly products containing the active ingredient imidacloprid, have been widely used to control grubs since the 1990s. Many turfgrass managers make preventive applications near egg hatch in summer to control larvae upon emergence and avoid larval feeding damage. Recently, turfgrass managers in the northeastern United States report white grub control failures at sites where imidacloprid has been applied annually for over a decade. We investigated the potential of microbial degradation at sites with a sustained history of imidacloprid use. Additionally, we explored the use of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to reliably quantify imidacloprid residues in soils and translocation in turfgrass over time to assist in future surveillance efforts. Field‐collected soils were split between sterilized and non‐sterilized treatments for use in greenhouse studies. Lolium perenne was planted in each treatment group, and the concentration of imidacloprid in various tissues was quantified over a period of 56 days and compared with estimated obtained through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ELISA provided reliable estimates of relative imidacloprid concentration, though it provided significantly higher estimates than those determined by HPLC. Significant degradation of imidacloprid was observed between 28 and 56 days after treatment, though differences between sterilized‐ and non‐sterilized soil treatments were less than 5 ppb. To understand whether these concentrations would amount to failure, imidacloprid was applied at two rates and three timings relative to oviposition in field studies. Concentrations in roots remained relatively stable, with treatments ranging between 37 and 59 ppm at oviposition. All treatments provided complete control of larvae. Significant degradation was only observed after 100 days. Given the concentration differences due to microbial degradation observed in greenhouse studies, it is unlikely that microbial degradation is the sole contributor to product failure.