bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic meridional heat transport in a RCP 8.5 climate projection in MPI-ESM
Authors: Fischer Matthias , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Müller Wolfgang A. , Baehr Johanna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We investigate changes in the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Ocean meridional heat transport (OHT) in a climate projection experiment with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) performed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Specifically, we compare a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) RCP 8.5 climate change scenario, covering the simulation period from 2005 to 2300, to a historical simulation, covering the simulation period from 1850 to 2005. In RCP 8.5, the OHT declines by 30–50 % in comparison to the historical simulation in the North Atlantic by the end of the 23rd century. The decline in the OHT is accompanied by a change in the seasonal cycle of the total OHT and its components. We decompose the OHT into overturning and gyre component. For the OHT seasonal cycle, we find a northward shift of 5° and latitude-dependent shifts between 1 and 6 months that are mainly associated with changes in the meridional velocity field. We find that the changes in the OHT seasonal cycle predominantly result from changes in the wind-driven surface circulation, which projects onto the overturning component of the OHT in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. This leads in turn to latitude-dependent shifts between 1 and 6 months in the overturning component. In comparison to the historical simulation, in the subpolar North Atlantic, in RCP 8.5 we find a reduction of the North Atlantic Deep Water formation and changes in the gyre heat transport result in a strongly weakened seasonal cycle with a weakened amplitude by the end of the 23rd century.
Determination of Ethanol in Kombucha Products: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2016.12
Authors: Ebersole Blake , Liu Ying , Schmidt Rich , Eckert Matt , Brown Paula N 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented nonalcoholic beverage that has drawn government attention due to the possible presence of excess ethanol (≥0.5% alcohol by volume; ABV). A validated method that provides better precision and accuracy for measu ing ethanol levels in kombucha is urgently needed by the kombucha industry. The current study validated a method for determining ethanol content in commercial kombucha products. The ethanol content in kombucha was measured using headspace GC with flame ionization detection. An ethanol standard curve ranging from 0.05 to 5.09% ABV was used, with correlation coefficients greater than 99.9%. The method detection limit was 0.003% ABV and the LOQ was 0.01% ABV. The RSDr ranged from 1.62 to 2.21% and the Horwitz ratio ranged from 0.4 to 0.6. The average accuracy of the method was 98.2%. This methodwas validated following the guidelines for single-laboratory validation by AOAC INTERNATIONAL and meets the requirements set by AOAC SMPR 2016.001, “Standard Method Performance Requirements for Determination of Ethanol in Kombucha.”
Initial Diagnostic Workup of Acute Leukemia: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology
Authors: Arber Daniel A. , Borowitz Michael J. , Cessna Melissa , Etzell Joan , Foucar Kathryn , Hasserjian Robert P. , Rizzo J. Douglas , Theil Karl , Wang Sa A. , Smith Anthony T. , Rumble R. Bryan , Thomas Nicole E. , Vardiman James W. 
Published: February 2017

Context.—A complete diagnosis of acute leukemia requires knowledge of clinical information combined with morphologic evaluation, immunophenotyping and karyotype analysis, and often, molecular genetic testing. Although many aspects of the workup for acute leukemia are well accepted, few guidelines have addressed the different aspects of the diagnostic evaluation of samples from patients suspected to have acute leukemia.Objective.—To develop a guideline for treating physicians and pathologists involved in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of new acute leukemia samples, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage.Design.—The College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology convened a panel of experts in hematology and hematopathology to develop recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address 6 key questions. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, feedback received during the public comment period, and expert panel consensus.Results.—Twenty-seven guideline statements were established, which ranged from recommendations on what clinical and laboratory information should be available as part of the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of acute leukemia samples to what types of testing should be performed routinely, with recommendations on where such testing should be performed and how the results should be reported.Conclusions.—The guideline provides a framework for the multiple steps, including laboratory testing, in the evaluation of acute leukemia samples. Some aspects of the guideline, especially molecular genetic testing in acute leukemia, are rapidly changing with new supportive literature, which will require on-going updates for the guideline to remain relevant.
Lifetime Cost-Effectiveness of Structured Education and Exercise Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis in Australia
Authors: Docking Sean , Ademi Zanfina , Barton Christian , Wallis Jason A. , Harris Ian A. , de Steiger Richard , Buchbinder Rachelle , Brusco Natasha , Young Kirby , Pazzinatto Marcella Ferraz , Harries Dylan , Vertullo Christopher J. , Ackerman Ilana N. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceStructured education and exercise therapy programs have been proposed to reduce reliance on total knee replacement (TKR) surgery and improve health care sustainability. The long-term cost-effectiveness of these programs is unclear.ObjectivesTo estimate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of implementing a national structured education and exercise therapy program for individuals with knee osteoarthritis with the option for future TKR compared with usual care (TKR for all).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis economic evaluation used a life table model in combination with a Markov model to compare costs and health outcomes of a national education and exercise therapy program vs usual care in the Australian health care system. Subgroup, deterministic, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were completed. A hypothetical cohort of adults aged 45 to 84 years who would undergo TKR was created.ExposureStructured education and exercise therapy intervention provided by physiotherapists. The comparator was usual care where all people undergo TKR without accessing the program in the first year.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncremental net monetary benefit (INMB), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio threshold of 28 033 Australian dollars (A$) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, was calculated from a health care perspective. Transition probabilities, costs, and utilities were estimated from national registries and a randomized clinical trial.ResultsThe hypothetical cohort included 61 394 individuals (53.9% female; 93.6% aged ≥55 years). Implementation of an education and exercise therapy program resulted in a lifetime cost savings of A$498 307 942 (US $339 922 227), or A$7970 (US $5537) per individual, and resulted in fewer QALYs (0.43 per individual) compared with usual care. At a population level, education and exercise therapy was not cost-effective at the lifetime horizon (INMB, −A$4090 [−US $2841]). Subgroup analysis revealed that the intervention was cost-effective only for the first 9 years and over a lifetime only in individuals with no or mild pain at baseline (INMB, A$11 [US $8]). Results were robust to uncertainty around model inputs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this economic evaluation of structured education and exercise therapy compared with usual care, the intervention was not cost-effective over the lifetime for all patients but was for the first 9 years and for those with minimal pain. These findings point to opportunities to invest early cost savings in additional care or prevention, including targeted implementation to specific subgroups.
Identification of sparse nonlinear controlled variables for near‐optimal operation of chemical processes
Authors: Ma Xie , Guan Hongwei , Ye Lingjian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor optimal operation of chemical processes, the selection of controlled variables plays an important role. A previous proposal is to approximate the necessary conditions of optimality (NCO) as the controlled variables, such that process optimality is automatically maintained by tracking constant zero setpoints. In this paper, we extend the NCO approximation method by identifying sparse nonlinear controlled variables, motivated by the fact that simplicity is always favoured for practical implementations. To this end, the ‐regularization is employed to approximate the NCO, such that the controlled variables are maintained simple, even they are specified as nonlinear functions. The sparse controlled variables are solved using the proximal gradient method, implemented within a tailored Adam algorithm. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.
Long‐Term Excretion of Roxadustat in Urine
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Fedoruk Matthew , Dellanna Frank , Geyer Hans , Ahrens Brian , Thevis Mario 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRoxadustat (FG‐4592), an orally active hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase stabilizer, has been shown to enhance erythropoiesis by increasing endogenous erythropoietin. It is indicated for the treatment of anemia and chronic kidney disease and is approved for clinical use in several countries, including the European Union, Japan and others. Due to its reasonably anticipated performance‐enhancing effect in athletes, roxadustat is prohibited for use in sports at all times. A few cases of adverse analytical findings in routine doping controls have been reported worldwide, some of which were claimed to be the result of contaminated dietary supplements. The present study offers new data demonstrating the long‐term excretion pattern of roxadustat. Even after a single‐dose administration, roxadustat can remain detectable in urine for 8 months, albeit at very low concentrations (<10 pg/mL). Following three times a week treatment with 70 to 100 mg of roxadustat, the drug was still detectable in the urine of anemic patients for between 9 and 18 months after treatment was discontinued. Lastly, an athlete who admitted use of roxadustat for almost a year (50 mg 3 to 5 times a week) has now tested positive multiple times over the course of 15 months (the first test being 12 months after the drug was discontinued), with an estimated concentration of roxadustat between 3 and 8 pg/mL. Altogether, these findings indicate the unusually prolonged terminal excretion kinetics of roxadustat, a property that testing authorities should consider in their results management process.
ピルシカイニドの大量服薬に対してV–A ECMOを導入した1例(A case of V–A ECMO effectiveness in the treatment of pilsicainide intoxication)
Authors: 萌 関根 , 泰彦 塚田 , 雅洋 岩渕 , 友誉 三澤 , 一樹 菅谷 , 憲哉 武藤 , 憲 伊関 
Published: October 2024

要旨抗不整脈薬である塩酸ピルシカイニドは，上室性および心室性の頻脈性不整脈の治療に用いられる。大量服薬により血中濃度が上昇した場合，致死的不整脈を呈しうる。症例は40歳台，女性。意識障害のため救急搬送された。現場にはピルシカイニド（50mg）23錠，ブロマゼパム（2mg）200錠などの空包を認め，大量服薬が考えられた。来院後，JCS III–300，血圧68/40mmHg，P波消失とQRS幅の高度増大，QTc時間延長の心電図変化を認めた。ピルシカイニドによる中毒と考えた。輸液負荷と昇圧剤投与後も高度循環不全が続いており，V–A ECMOを導入した。尿量を確保できていたことから血液浄化法は行わなかった。第2病日には洞調律に復した一方，新規にBrugada症候群に特有のcoved型ST上昇を認めた。循環動態は安定していたため第3病日にV–A ECMOから離脱し第5病日に退院した。塩酸ピルシカイニドはヒトの体内では代謝を受けにくく，90%以上が腎臓から尿中へと排泄され，消失半減期は4～5時間である。尿量が得られていれば比較的短時間で排泄されると考えられ，腎血流量を維持できるV–A ECMOを用いることは有効である可能性がある。また，ピルシカイニド中毒ではBrugada症候群様の心電図変化を呈することがあるが，経過観察が可能である。
Slot‐Die‐Printed Electroactive Polymer Actuators with High‐Strain Sensitivity for Soft Robotic Applications
Authors: Lu Duanhao , Yu Ying , Zuo Yuxin , Lv Yong , Zhang Tianyu , Li You , Zhao Zhangfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIonic electroactive polymer gels are widely employed as actuators in soft robotics due to their ability to undergo rapid mechanical deformation under low‐voltage. How to improve the performance of the ionic electroactive polymer actuators is always the focus of research in this field. Optimizing the migration of ions within the actuator is crucial for enhancing the actuation performance. In this regard, this study innovatively introduces slot‐die‐printing technology to fabricate gel actuation layers characterized by high smoothness and uniform particle distribution, achieving seamless integration between the electrodes and gel actuation layers, while mitigating issues associated with ion accumulation due to polymer clustering. Furthermore, this study attempts to add lactic acid to the traditional CS‐PVA‐IL gel, effectively strengthening the connection between CS and PVA, and promoting smooth ion transport within the gel. The results demonstrate that the actuators prepared in this study achieved a high‐bending‐strain of 0.35%, with a retention rate of 91% for actuation displacement after 10 000 cycles, showcasing superior actuation performance compared to existing research. The fabrication method proposed in this study is simple and highly reproducible, making it suitable for widespread industrial application, and providing a new approach for future industrial production of soft robotics.
Segmental myocardial strain in myocarditis in young adults: Natural variability versus myocarditis signal
Authors: Kirn Borut , Strašek Katja , Awais Kanza , Cerne Cercek Andreja 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionMyocardial segmental peak strain (pkS) is used in detection and characterization of myocarditis; however, its clinical diagnostic values are inconclusive. To reveal potential causes of positive and negative study results and evaluate the diagnostic potential of pkS, we quantified its natural variability and compared it to the change in pkS caused by myocarditis.MethodsThe study included 34 patients (sex: 29 M, age: 30 ± 7.5 years) with diagnosed myocarditis which underwent two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) in three apical echocardiographic planes at the time of diagnosis (M0) and 6 months (M6) following treatment. In total, 18 longitudinal segmental strain patterns were extracted at each session and a pkS was found as a minimum strain value during systole. The average natural variability () was calculated from sector values of all unique pkS absolute differences separately at M0 and M6, and myocarditis signal () was calculated from pkS difference in the same patient between M6 and M0. A signal‐to‐noise ratio was calculated as ().ResultsWe found that the average pkS at M0 and M6 were different (−19% ± 5% and −20% ± 5%, p < 0.05), and the difference was largest around the basal‐posterior segment. There was no difference in () between M0 and M6 (5.1% ± 4.2% and 5.0% ± 4.2%, p > 0.05), but they were both significantly larger than () (−1.3% ± 5.3%, p < 0.05). The average signal‐to‐noise ratio was 0.3, and it was largest in the basal‐lateral region and lowest in the anterior‐septal region.ConclusionWe found that natural variability in pkS is significantly larger than the change of pkS due to myocarditis. Thus, information about inflammation severity and location from pkS alone needs further investigation.
Realisation of the Non-Rotating Terrestrial Reference Frame by an Actual Plate Kinematic and Crustal Deformation Model (APKIM2020)
Authors: Drewes Hermann , Seitz Manuela , Sánchez Laura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince 1991, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) includes the global time evolution of station positions (velocities) in addition to the three-dimensional Cartesian station positions at a fixed reference epoch. The orientation of the velocities refers to a kinematic model of rigid tectonic plates derived from geophysical observations over millions of years. For consistency with other geodetic parameters (e.g., Earth orientation), the models must be aligned to actual no-net-rotation of the whole Earth surface. Because of deviations of present-day velocities and neglect of non-rigid surface deformations, e.g., in seismic zones, the geophysical models are not valid for today. This paper describes a further developed method of estimating a non-rotating terrestrial reference frame from space geodetic observations. Different to previous estimations of geodetic no-net-rotation models, regional inter-plate and intra-plate crustal deformations are included, and instead of using the irregularly distributed observed station velocities, an evenly distributed grid throughout the Earth is interpolated by least squares collocation. Due to significant changes of the station velocities from one ITRF to another, NNR models must be computed for each ITRF. Here it is done for the ITRF2020.
FFAG, Scaling
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter is an introduction to Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) cyclic accelerators. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical and technological context, and continues with the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It relies on charged particle optics and acceleration concepts introduced in the previous cyclotron and synchrotron chapters. Furthermore it addresses

design aspects of scaling FFAGs,

beam dynamics in radial- and spiral-sector rings,

synchrotron acceleration and various other acceleration techniques.

Simulations introduce dedicated keywords providing an analytical modeling of the field: FFAG (radial sector dipole) and FFAG-SPI (spiral sector). They otherwise use optical elements met in the previous chapters: DIPOLE[S], TOSCA, CAVITE, data input/output keywords such as FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, the SYSTEM keyword, etc. Beam dynamics simulations include

particle trajectories through multiple-dipole FFAG cells,

closed-orbit finding, from multi-turn raytracing or using FIT,

deriving ancillary outcomes from rays, such as

transport matrices using MATRIX,

periodic optical functions and their transport using TWISS,

finding dynamical aperture.
Relativistic Cyclotron
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the AVF (azimuthally varying field), isochronous, relativistic cyclotron, and to the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. A brief reminder of the historical context is followed by further basic theoretical considerations leaning on the cyclotron concepts introduced in Chap. 3 and including

Thomas focusing and the AVF cyclotron,

positive focusing index,

isochronous optics,

separated sector cyclotrons,

spin dynamics in an AVF cyclotron.

Simulation exercises use optical elements and keywords met earlier: the analytical field modeling DIPOLE, TOSCA in case using a field map is preferred, CAVITE to accelerate, SPNTRK to solve spin motion, FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, FIT, etc. The exercises further develop on radial and spiral sector magnets, edge focusing and flutter, isochronous optics, separated sector ring cyclotrons, and their modeling in DIPOLE, DIPOLES and other CYCLOTRON keyword capabilities.
Microtron
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the microtron, and to the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with the beam optics and acceleration techniques that the microtron method leans on, relying in that on basic charged particle optics and acceleration concepts introduced in the previous chapters. It further addresses the following aspects:

spiraling accelerated orbits tangenting at the accelerating gap,

beam recirculation through an accelerating system, via return arcs,

methods for periodic motion stability,

harmonic number jump acceleration.

The simulation of a classical microtron only requires one optical element: DIPOLE, and CAVITE for acceleration. Simulation of a racetrack microtron adds DRIFT to simulate drift sections, possibly BEND for small steering dipoles along the recirculation paths, and a series of CAVITE to simulate a linac section. Particle monitoring requires keywords introduced in the previous chapters, such as FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, PICKUPS, and some others. Beam path and optics optimization use FIT[2]. SYSTEM is used to, mostly, resort to gnuplot so as to end simulations with some nice graphs (orbits, fields, or else) obtained by reading data from output files such as zgoubi.fai (resulting from the use of FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL $$=$$
=
2), or other zgoubi.*.out files resulting from a PRINT command.
Synchrocyclotron
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of phase focusing by synchronous acceleration, and the synchrocyclotron which confirmed the principle. Synchrocyclotron style of acceleration in a fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG) is also addressed. The theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises is essentially that of the Weak Focusing Synchrotron, Chap. 8, regarding phase stability, and that of the Classical Cyclotron, Chap. 3, or FFAG optics, Chap. 10, regarding transverse stability. The chapter begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with the theoretical material which the synchrocyclotron optics and acceleration techniques lean on. The simulation of a synchrocyclotron is achieved using just three keywords: DIPOLE for the magnet, and CAVITE and SCALING for acceleration. FFAG dipoles have their specific keywords, FFAG and FFAG-SPI (Chap. 10). Particle monitoring uses FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, and some others. Optics matching and optimization, and the design of RF programs as well, use FIT[2]. INCLUDE is resorted to, although there is no obligation, in order mostly to simplify the input data files. SYSTEM calls to gnuplot scripts allow ending simulations with various graphs; gnuplot reads data from output files such as zgoubi.fai (produced by FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL $$=$$
=
2) and from files zgoubi.*.out resulting from a PRINT command.
Three-Step Rhetorical Model of Conspiratorial Populism
Authors: Bergmann Eirikur 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter delineates a threefold claim that nativist populists put forth in their support of the people. Initially, they tend to fabricate an external threat to the inner nation discursively. Subsequently, they levy accusations against a domestic elite, alleging treachery against the populace, often portraying them as colluding with external foes. Lastly, they cast themselves as the authentic guardians of the ‘pure people,’ pledging protection against both the elite and these malevolent foreign entities—entities they have themselves rhetorically constructed. In the current landscape of post-truth politics, conspiracy theories stand out as one of the most effective rhetorical strategies populist leaders can use. In the chapter, the commonalities between populist conspiratorial ideologues, transcending national and thematic boundaries will be illuminated. The discourse will centre on three salient contemporary conspiracy theories: the notion of Eurabia in Europe, the Deep State in the United States, and anti-Western narratives in Russia. The analysis will reveal how populist figures employ Neo-Nationalist rhetoric in these instances, thereby ideologically conjuring threats from beyond the nation's borders, denouncing domestic elites as traitors who have surrendered the people to adversaries, and portraying themselves as the genuine protectors of the unblemished populace against both the compromised elite and these fabricated external threats.