bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone use can be addictive? A case report
Authors: Körmendi Attila , Brutóczki Zita , Végh Bianka Petra , Székely Rita 
Published: September 2016

Background and aims
The use of mobile phones has become an integral part of everyday life. Young people in particular can be observed using their smartphones constantly, and they not only make or receive calls but also use different applications or just tap touch screens for several minutes at a time. The opportunities provided by smartphones are attractive, and the cumulative time of using smartphones per day is very high for many people, so the question arises whether we can really speak of a mobile phone addiction? In this study, our aim is to describe and analyze a possible case of smartphone addiction.

Methods
We present the case of Anette, an 18-year-old girl, who is characterized by excessive smartphone use. We compare Anette’s symptoms to Griffiths’s conception of technological addictions, Goodman’s criteria of behavioral addictions, and the DSM-5 criteria of gambling disorder.

Results
Anette fulfills almost all the criteria of Griffiths, Goodman, and the DSM-5, and she spends about 8 hr in a day using her smartphone.

Discussion
Anette’s excessive mobile phone usage includes different types of addictive behaviors: making selfies and editing them for hours, watching movies, surfing on the Internet, and, above all, visiting social sites. The cumulative time of these activities results in a very high level of smartphone use. The device in her case is a tool that provides these activities for her whole day. Most of Anette’s activities with a mobile phone are connected to community sites, so her main problem may be a community site addiction.
Chaos and confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder: Issues, concerns, and recommendations for clarity in the field
Authors: Kuss Daria J. , Griffiths Mark D. , Pontes Halley M. 
Published: September 2016

Background
The umbrella term “Internet addiction” has been criticized for its lack of specificity given the heterogeneity of potentially problematic behaviors that can be engaged in online as well as different underlying etiological mechanisms. This has led to the naming of specific online addictions, the most notable being Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).

Methods
Using the contemporary literature concerning IGD and cognate topics, issues and concerns relating to the concept of IGD are examined.

Results
Internet addiction and IGD are not the same, and distinguishing between the two is conceptually meaningful. Similarly, the diagnosis of IGD as proposed in the appendix of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains vague regarding whether or not games need to be engaged in online, stating that IGD typically involves specific Internet games, but can also include offline games, adding to the lack of clarity. A number of authors have voiced concerns regarding the viability of including the word “Internet” in IGD, and instead proposed to use the term “video gaming disorder” or simply “gaming disorder,” suggesting addiction to video gaming can also occur offline.

Conclusion
The DSM-5 has caused more confusion than clarity regarding the disorder, reflected by researchers in the field contesting a supposedly reached consensus for IGD diagnosis.
Caracterización financiera de las empresas generadoras de energía colombianas (2005 – 2012)
Authors: Restrepo Londoño Amanda Lucía , Sepúlveda Rivillas Claudia Inés 
Published: September 2016

<p><em>El presente documento tiene como objetivo principal la caracterización desde el punto de vista financiero de las empresas de generación más representativas que transaron en bolsa entre los años 2005 a 2012. La generación de energía en Colombia se encuentra concentrada en cinco empresas de acuerdo con volúmenes de generación y ventas en los mercados regulado y no regulado. Estas empresas se caracterizaron a partir del análisis de indicadores financieros y correlaciones entre ellos, la demanda de energía y la entrada en operación de centrales de generación. Como resultado se evidencia la relación directa de la demanda de energía en el crecimiento de ingresos operacionales, inversiones en Propiedad, Planta y Equipo e indicadores financieros, además de una estructura financiera representada en activos fijos y financiación de largo plazo.</em></p>
Effectiveness of Persuasive Media on Risk Oriented Habits
Authors: Soni Uma , Yadav Beena 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>The study was conducted in Haryana and Rajasthan states covering a sample of 200 respondents (100 male and female each) from two villages and two slum areas of each state. Print (VCD) as well as electronic media (Booklet) was developed, standardized and exposed to the selected respondents on five risk oriented habits viz; use of tobacco; drinking alcohol; and poor environmental, eating and personal habits. There was significant gain in knowledge about health hazards due to all the five risk oriented habits. The gain in knowledge about persuasive messages on consumption of tobacco was highest followed by use of alcohol, poor personal, environmental and eating habits. Direct impact of persuasive messages was perceived in term of ease in understanding and following which would help the respondents in dealing with the related problems immediately. Indirect impact of intervention programme was perceived in terms of changes in the habits in the coming time as it has improved consciousness, confidence and motivation to deal with the risk oriented habits. </em></p></div>
India Stepping for IFRS: A Critical Review
Authors: Tripathi Nilmani 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>The Asian crisis of 1990, the US accounting scandals like that of Enron, World com, Adelphia, European scandals of Ahold and the present economic crunch all have enforced the importance of effective corporate governance mechanism and global GAAP. All these activities have forced the development of some universal reporting standards i.e. IFRS. The benefits which Indian companies hope to reap after IFRS adoption are numerous. But no benefits can be drawn without facing some crucial challenges. The current shaken market confidence globally may present significant challenges to organizations. Adoption of IFRS could result in an added considerable volatility in reported earnings and some performance specific measures like EPS and P/E Ratio. Entities will have to clarify reasons for this IFRS related volatility apart from other macroeconomic factors. This paper talks about some such challenges and impact of IFRS implementation in some sectors of the Indian economy. The sectors mainly touched upon are that of retail, technology, telecom and power. The paper closes with two small cases of JK Paper and Wipro who have gone for the adoption of IFRS. The cases will aid in understanding the implementation issues of IFRS.</em></p></div>
Education and Poverty Relationship in Punjab
Authors: Sarkaria Maninder S. , Sharma Shiwani 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>As education is being increasingly promulgated as an effective tool to reduce poverty, it is pivotal to evaluate the impact of different levels of education on poverty. This chapter analyzes the relationship between education and poverty in Punjab, using data from the primary survey of 1520 households collected over 2008-2010 from rural and urban habitations. Analysis has been done at the household as well as the individual level. Apart from making simple comparisons between standard of living, income and education level, logistic regression has been employed to sort out the determinants of poverty.</em></p><p><em>Standard of living and PCI are positively associated with education level at the household as well as the individual level, implying improvement in educational attainments reduces the likelihood of being poor. The results of logistic regression are in line with the generally accepted theory that educational attainment is critical in declining the incidence of poverty and should be given due consideration in implementing poverty alleviation programs. As one would expect, experience is negatively related with poverty status. </em></p></div>
Influence of the First Consultation on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Peyre Marion , Gauchet Aurélie , Roustit Matthieu , Leclercq Pascale , Epaulard Olivier 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Physician attitude influences the way patients cope with diagnosis and therapy in chronic severe diseases such as cancer. Previous studies showed that such an effect exists in HIV care; it is likely that it begins with the first contact with a physician.

Objective:
We aimed to explore in HIV-infected persons their perception of the first consultation they had with an HIV specialist (PFC-H), and whether this perception correlates with adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Method:
The study was conducted in Grenoble University Hospital, France, a tertiary care center. Every antiretroviral-experienced patient was asked to freely complete a self-reported, anonymous questionnaire concerning retrospective PFC-H, present adherence (Morisky scale), and present perceptions and beliefs about medicine (BMQ scale).

Results:
One hundred and fifty-one questionnaires were available for evaluation. PFC-H score and adherence were correlated, independently from age, gender, and numbers of pill(s) and of pill intake(s) per day. BMQ score also correlated with adherence; structural equation analysis suggested that the effect of PFC-H on adherence is mediated by positive beliefs.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that for HIV-infected persons, the perceptions remaining from the first consultation with an HIV specialist physician influence important issues such as adherence and perception about medicine. Physicians must be aware of this potentially long-lasting effect.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TABLET PREPARED BY COAMORPHOUS SYSTEM CONTAINING ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE AND ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUG
Authors: Adahalli Sachin Basavaraj , Talluri Manjula 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Amlodipine besylate (AML) and Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) belong to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II (i.e. low solubility and high permeability) which leads to variable bioavailability. Hence, the aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of both drugs by utilizing the co-amorphous technique. This converted form and physical mixture of both drugs were utilized in the formulation of tablets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The co-amorphous system was prepared by using rotary flash evaporator. Solubility study was carried out to investigate the dissolution advantage of prepared co-amorphous form. Total twelve formulations were formulated by keeping constant drugs concentrations utilizing direct compression technique among which F1 to F6 contains co-amorphous AML-ATR (Co-A AML-ATR) and F7 to F12 contains a physical mixture of AML and ATR as active pharmaceutical ingredient (APIs). Pre-compression and post-compression studies were carried out to all twelve formulations. Stability study was performed to the optimized formulations as per ICH guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixture obtained after evaporation was found to become amorphous. FTIR study shows no evidence of intermolecular interactions between AML and ATR. The solubility of both AML and ATR were increased in almost one fold as compared to their respective crystalline counterparts. Pre-compression parameters of all twelve formulations blend fall under excellent to fair to flow properties. Post-compression parameters of all twelve formulations were within the specifications. But <em>in vitro</em> drug release of formulations F5, F6, F11, and F12 showed % drug release as per IP. Stability study of optimized formulations was observed with, no significant difference in % drug release.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-amorphous system can be prepared by utilizing rotary flash evaporator and the same was confirmed by XRPD and FTIR studies. The dissolution rate of the co-amorphous system was greater than that of the crystalline counterpart. Based on the results; F5 and F6 are considered as optimized formulations. Optimized formulations were stable during the stability study.<p> </p>
‘BRCA1’ RESPONSIVENESS TOWARDS BREAST CANCER-A POPULATION-WISE PHARMACOGENOMIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Iyer Preethi M. , P. Sanjay Kumar , S. Karthikeyan , Namboori P. K Krishnan 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present pharmacogenomic work, the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors associated with BRCA1 induced breast cancer, cancer proneness and its variants across different populations like Indian, Netherland, Belgium, Denmark, Austrian, New Zealand, Sweden, Malaysian and Norwegian and the ‘mutation and methylation-prone’ region of BRCA1 have been computed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The global variations associated with the disease have been identified from the ‘Leiden open variation database (LOVD 3.0)’ and ‘Indian genome variation database (IGVDB)’. The variants, ‘single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)’ are then characterized. The epigenetic factors associated with breast cancer have been identified from the clinical reports and further scrutinized using EpiGRAPH tool. The various contributing environmental factors responsible for the variations have been considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the variants across different populations such as Indian, Netherland, Belgium, Denmark, Austrian, New Zealand, Sweden, Malaysian and Norwegian are found to be in a specific transcript of BRCA1 that ranges within 41,196,312-41,277,500 (81,189 base pairs) of the chromosome 17. Two ‘single nucleotide variations (SNVs)’ (5266dupC: rs397507246 and 68_69delAG: rs386833395) have been identified as risk factors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in the global population and 39 SNPs have been identified as pathogenic and deleterious. ‘Evolutionary history’ seems to be the most significant attribute in the predictability of methylation of BRCA1. Unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, use of unsafe cosmetics, estrogen exposure, ‘hormone replacement therapy (HRT)’, use of oral contraceptives and smoking are the major environmental risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This chromosome location (41,196,312-41,277,500 (81,189 base pairs)) can be considered as the population-specific sensitive region corresponding to BRCA1 mutation. This supports the fact that stabilization within the region can be a promising technique to control the epigenetic variants associated with the global position. The global variation in the proneness of the disease may be due to a cumulative effect of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors subject to further experimentations with identical variations and populations. </p>
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LIQUORICE (GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA) IN HEPG2 CELL LINE
Authors: Shinde Dasharath B. , Koratkar Santosh S. , Sharma Neeti , Shitole Ajinkya A. 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the <em>in vitro </em>antioxidant activity of liquorice (<em>Glycyrrhiza glabra) </em>against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em> was investigated by measuring total phenolic content using folin-ciocalteu reagent (FCR), free radical scavenging activity by DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extract was confirmed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Furthermore, the protective effect of methanolic extract of <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em> against oxidative stress induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>in HepG2 cells was investigated by MTT assay. HepG2 cells were exposed with five different treatments viz. liquorice, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, ascorbic acid, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+liquorice and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+ascorbic acid, to explore the effect of the extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) production, catalase activity, and glutathione reductase levels.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total phenolic content estimated in <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra </em>extract was found to be 241.47 µg per 1000 µg/ml of methanolic extract. It was found that as the concentration of the extract was increased both the free radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing power was also found to increase. LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of eight different phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract which are possibly contributing to the antioxidant activity exhibited by the extract. It was also observed that liquorice treated HepG2 cells showed lower MDA and higher glutathione and catalase levels as compared to only H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>treated HepG2 cells where increased MDA production, decreased glutathione reductase and catalase production was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results thus conclude that, the methanolic extract of <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra </em>can be used as natural supplements in various disease conditions where oxidative stress has been reported. <strong></strong></p><p> </p>
Early Evaluation of Renal Function in High-Risk Patients after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Ahmed Istiaq , Rahim AM Asif , Mahmood Khawaja Nasir Uddin , Ahmad Manzil 
Published: September 2016

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an unphysiological state and widely regarded as an important contributor to renal failure. Despite improvement in cardiopulmonary bypass technique, anesthesia and intensive care, perioperative renal dysfunction still represents a significant and potentially lethal complication after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Renal dysfunction is a serious complication of coronary revascularization with CPB and results in increased morbidity, mortality and prolonged hospital stay. We compared the incidence of perioperative renal dysfunction in patients who underwent CABG, on-pump and off-pump (OPCAB) Methods: A total of 60 high -risk patients with ischaemic heart diseases were included in the study who underwent CABG. Out of the total 60 patients, 30 were in the Off-pump group (Group A) and the rest 30 were in the On-pump group (Group B). They were diagnosed as high-risk patients considering serum creatinine level>1.7mg/dl with age ?60 years, ejection fraction 30-40%. Renal function was evaluated in both groups preoperatively and postoperatively (on 1st, 2nd and 7th postoperative day) and compared between two groups.Results: One patient in the On-pump group died on 6th postoperative day. Preoperative renal parameters were also similar and showed no statistically significant difference. So both groups were comparable. Comparison of renal parameter in OPCAB and on-pump CABG between preoperative and 7th day postoperatively found in this study were blood urea 50.33±6.29, 39.87±4.8 vs 52.67±9.05 , 66.21±6.91 ; S. Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.94±0.19 , 1.28±0.19 vs 2.07±0.31 , 2.82±0.47; Creatinine Clearance Rate(ml/min) 46.61±4.1, 71.51±12.3 vs 46.53±4.6, 34.02±4.49 ; Urine output (ml/24 hrs)1692.7±71.53, 1755.7±82.91 vs 1591.2±78.76, 1492.1±196.29 all are statistically significant(p<0.05). Mean period of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and total postoperative hospital stay were significantly greater in On-pump group. One patient of Group B died due to multi organ failure including acute renal failure on 6th postoperative day (3.3%) (p>0.05). Statistically significant difference of renal parameters in different postoperative days showed evidence of well preservation of renal function in OPCAB.Conclusion: Adaptation of OPCAB offers better preservation of renal function as well as better early postoperative outcome specially in high-risk CABG patients.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 9(1): 23-30
MAGNETO-FRICTIONAL MODELING OF CORONAL NONLINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELDS. I. TESTING WITH ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: Guo Y. , Xia C. , Keppens R. , Valori G. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We report our implementation of the magneto-frictional method in the Message Passing Interface Adaptive Mesh Refinement Versatile Advection Code (MPI-AMRVAC). The method aims at applications where local adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is essential to make follow-up dynamical modeling affordable. We quantify its performance in both domain-decomposed uniform grids and block-adaptive AMR computations, using all frequently employed force-free, divergence-free, and other vector comparison metrics. As test cases, we revisit the semi-analytic solution of Low and Lou in both Cartesian and spherical geometries, along with the topologically challenging Titov–Démoulin model. We compare different combinations of spatial and temporal discretizations, and find that the fourth-order central difference with a local Lax–Friedrichs dissipation term in a single-step marching scheme is an optimal combination. The initial condition is provided by the potential field, which is the potential field source surface model in spherical geometry. Various boundary conditions are adopted, ranging from fully prescribed cases where all boundaries are assigned with the semi-analytic models, to solar-like cases where only the magnetic field at the bottom is known. Our results demonstrate that all the metrics compare favorably to previous works in both Cartesian and spherical coordinates. Cases with several AMR levels perform in accordance with their effective resolutions. The magneto-frictional method in MPI-AMRVAC allows us to model a region of interest with high spatial resolution and large field of view simultaneously, as required by observation-constrained extrapolations using vector data provided with modern instruments. The applications of the magneto-frictional method to observations are shown in an accompanying paper.
POLARIZED LINE FORMATION WITH LOWER-LEVEL POLARIZATION AND PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION
Authors: Supriya H. D. , Sampoorna M. , Nagendra K. N. , Stenflo J. O. , Ravindra B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In the well-established theories of polarized line formation with partial frequency redistribution (PRD) for a two-level and two-term atom, it is generally assumed that the lower level of the scattering transition is unpolarized. However, the existence of unexplained spectral features in some lines of the Second Solar Spectrum points toward a need to relax this assumption. There exists a density matrix theory that accounts for the polarization of all the atomic levels, but it is based on the flat-spectrum approximation (corresponding to complete frequency redistribution). In the present paper we propose a numerical algorithm to solve the problem of polarized line formation in magnetized media, which includes both the effects of PRD and the lower level polarization (LLP) for a two-level atom. First we derive a collisionless redistribution matrix that includes the combined effects of the PRD and the LLP. We then solve the relevant transfer equation using a two-stage approach. For illustration purposes, we consider two case studies in the non-magnetic regime, namely, the J

a
= 1, J

b
= 0 and J

a
= J

b
= 1, where J

a
and J

b
represent the total angular momentum quantum numbers of the lower and upper states, respectively. Our studies show that the effects of LLP are significant only in the line core. This leads us to propose a simplified numerical approach to solve the concerned radiative transfer problem.