bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algal Growth and Morphogenesis-Promoting Factors Released by Cold-Adapted Bacteria Contribute to the Resilience and Morphogenesis of the Seaweed Ulva (Chlorophyta) in Antarctica (Potter Cove)
Authors: Ghaderiardakani Fatemeh , Ulrich Johann F. , Barth Emanuel , Quartino Maria Liliana , Wichard Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMacroalgae are found in a variety of marine vegetation ecosystems around the world, contributing significantly to global net primary production. In particular, the sea lettuce species, i.e., members of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta), are located in many ecological niches and are characterized by excellent adaptability to environmental changes but depend on essential associated bacteria, which release algal growth and morphogenesis-promoting-factors (AGMPFs). Our work investigated the hypothesis that bacteria need to be stress-adapted to provide sufficient amounts of AGMPFs for the growth and morphogenesis of Ulva throughout its life cycle, even under severe environmental conditions. Our study thus aimed to understand which bacteria contribute to overcoming a variety of stressors in polar regions. Green macroalgae were collected from Potter Cove, King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo), Antarctica, to study the associated microbiome and, subsequently, to identify AGMPFs releasing bacteria. Therefore, microbiome analysis was combined with morphogenetic bioassays and chemical analysis, identifying bacteria essential for algal growth under Antarctic conditions. Hereby, axenic cultures of Ulva compressa (cultivar Ulva mutabilis, Ria Formosa, Portugal), previously developed as a model system for bacteria-induced algal growth and morphogenesis, were inoculated with freshly isolated and cultivable Antarctic bacteria to determine their morphogenetic activity. The exploratory microbiome investigation identified numerous cold-adapted AGMPF-producing bacteria. Unlike the temperate-adapted bacterial strains originally isolated from the U.mutabilis holobiont, the cold-adapted isolates Maribacter sp. BPC-D8 and Sulfitobacter sp. BPC-C4 released sufficient amounts of AGMPFs, such as thallusin and still unknown compounds, necessary for the morphogenesis of the Antarctic Ulva even at 2 °C. Our results illustrate the role of chemical mediators provided by bacteria in cross-kingdom interactions under cold conditions within aquatic systems. The newly isolated bacteria will enable further functional studies to understand the resilience of the holobiont Ulva and might be applied in algal aquaculture even under adverse conditions. The study highlights the importance of eco-physiological assays in microbiome analysis.
On the present and future changes in Indian summer monsoon precipitation characteristics under different SSP scenarios from CMIP6 models
Authors: Norgate Marc , Tiwari P. R. , Das Sushant , Kumar D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMonsoons are a vital part of the agriculture and economy of India which most of its population rely on for their livelihoods. It still is not clear how climate change will impact precipitation events over India due to the complexity of accurately modelling precipitation. Using twelve Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Six (CMIP6) models, we compared their performance to observed data taken from CRU as well as looking at the future changes in precipitation until the end of the twenty first century for the six precipitation homogenous regions over India. The individual models showed varying degrees of wet and dry biases and the ensemble mean of these models showed relatively lesser bias and improved spatial correlation. Out of 12 models, NorESM and MIROC6 models outperform other models in terms of capturing the spatial variability of precipitation over the Indian region. It is also found that due to lesser moisture transport from the adjoining seas represented through vertically integrated moisture transport (VIMT) analysis, there is consistent dry bias across the models. Further a comprehensive analysis of model performance across six homogeneous precipitation regions indicates that NorESM demonstrates better performance in the CNE and HR regions, EC-Earth excels in the PR, WC, and NE regions, while CMCC shows better performance specifically in the NW region compared to other models. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) were used for future projections and a slight increase in June, July, August, and September (JJAS) precipitation until the end of the century with SSP5-8.5 showing the largest increase. We found an increase in precipitation of 0.49, 0.74 and 1.4 mm/day under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in the far future. The northeast region was shown to receive the largest increase in precipitation (2.9 mm/day) compared to other precipitation homogenous regions and northwest will experience largest shift in precipitation. Interestingly, the number of wet days is expected to increase in the northwest region implying more VIMT towards the region. Our results indicate that monsoon precipitation extremes across all the homogenous regions will increase into the future with a higher severity under fossil-fuelled development, although the models still show large biases lowering confidence in our results.
Neuropathological spectrum of anti-IgLON5 disease and stages of brainstem tau pathology: updated neuropathological research criteria of the disease-related tauopathy
Authors: Gelpi Ellen , Reinecke Raphael , Gaig Carles , Iranzo Alex , Sabater Lidia , Molina-Porcel Laura , Aldecoa Iban , Endmayr Verena , Högl Birgit , Schmutzhard Erich , Poewe Werner , Pfausler Bettina , Popovic Mara , Pretnar-Oblak Janja , Leypoldt Frank , Matschke Jakob , Glatzel Markus , Erro Elena Maria , Jerico Ivonne , Caballero Maria Cristina , Zelaya Maria Victoria , Mariotto Sara , Heidbreder Anna , Kalev Ognian , Weis Serge , Macher Stefan , Berger-Sieczkowski Evelyn , Ferrari Julia , Reisinger Christoph , Klupp Nikolaus , Tienari Pentti , Rautila Osma , Niemelä Marja , Yilmazer-Hanke Deniz , Guasp Mar , Bloem Bas , Van Gaalen Judith , Kusters Benno , Titulaer Maarten , Fransen Nina L. , Santamaria Joan , Dawson Thimoty , Holton Janice L. , Ling Helen , Revesz Tamas , Myllykangas Liisa , Budka Herbert , Kovacs Gabor G. , Lewerenz Jan , Dalmau Josep , Graus Francesc , Koneczny Inga , Höftberger Romana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnti-IgLON5 disease is a unique condition that bridges autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Since its initial description 10 years ago, an increasing number of autopsies has led to the observation of a broader spectrum of neuropathologies underlying a particular constellation of clinical symptoms. In this study, we describe the neuropathological findings in 22 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease from 9 different European centers. In 15 patients (68%), we observed a hypothalamic and brainstem-predominant tauopathy of varying severity in which the original research neuropathological criteria were readily applicable. This pathology was observed in younger patients (median age at onset 61 years) with a long disease duration (median 9 years). In contrast, in 7 (32%) patients, the originally described brainstem tauopathy was nearly absent or only minimal in the form of delicate threads, despite mild-to-moderate neurodegenerative features, consistent clinical symptoms and the presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies in CSF and serum. These patients were older at onset (median 79 years) and had shorter disease duration (median < 1 year). Overall, about one-third of the patients showed concomitant TDP-43 pathology within the regions affected by tau pathology and/or neurodegeneration. Based on these observations and in view of the spectrum of the tau burden in the core regions involved in the disease, we propose a simple staging system: stage 1 mild neurodegeneration without overt or only minimal tau pathology, stage 2 moderate neurodegeneration and mild/ moderate tauopathy and stage 3 prominent neurodegeneration and tau pathology. This staging intends to reflect a potential (age- and time-dependent) progression of tau pathology, supporting the current notion that tau accumulation is a secondary phenomenon related to the presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies in the CNS. Finally, we adapt the original research criteria of the anti-IgLON5 disease-related tauopathy to include the spectrum of pathologies observed in this larger postmortem series.
Predicting chemotherapy-induced thrombotoxicity by NARX neural networks and transfer learning
Authors: Steinacker Marie , Kheifetz Yuri , Scholz Markus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Thrombocytopenia is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapies, which is often dose-limiting. Predicting an individual’s risk is of high clinical importance, as otherwise, a small subgroup of patients limits dosages for the overall population for safety reasons.

Methods
We aim to predict individual platelet dynamics using non-linear auto-regressive networks with exogenous inputs (NARX). We consider different architectures of the NARX networks, namely feed-forward networks (FNN) and gated recurrent units (GRU). To cope with the relative sparsity of individual patient data, we employ transfer learning (TL) approaches based on a semi-mechanistic model of hematotoxicity. We use a large data set of patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma to learn the respective models on an individual scale and to compare prediction performances with that of the semi-mechanistic model.

Results
Of the examined network models, the NARX with GRU architecture performs best. In comparison to the semi-mechanistic model, the network model can result in a substantial improvement of prediction accuracy for patients with irregular dynamics, given well-spaced measurements. TL improves individual prediction performances.

Conclusion
NARX networks can be utilized to predict an individual’s thrombotoxic response to cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment. For reasonable model learning, we recommend at least three well-spaced measurements per cycle: at baseline, during the nadir phase and during the recovery phase. We aim at generalizing our approach to other treatment scenarios and blood lineages in the future.
A lean approach to comparing the mooring systems of Suezmax tankers
Authors: Hennø Eirik , Schøyen Halvor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMooring Suezmax tankers is a process requiring skilled ship crews and terminal workers to accomplish the time-consuming, hazardous task of securing the ship to a jetty to load or discharge oil cargoes. The advent of new equipment technologies has enabled industry professionals to view the mooring process from a new perspective. A lean approach is applied to analysing alternative mooring processes of Suezmax tankers. A reduction in mooring time of about 30 min is noted when replacing steel wire with high modulus synthetic fibre (HMSF) ropes. Further, a potential time saving of 57 min is noted if automated mooring is used instead of steel wire, and 27 min compared with HMSF. The automated mooring concept reduces the manpower required to perform the mooring process, both on board and ashore. If HMSF lines replace steel wires, a significant reduction is noted in ship and crew time costs incurred with mooring maintenance onboard during sailing. A single case study addresses the two research questions: (1) What is the mooring process of Suezmax tankers? (2) How can the mooring process of Suezmax tankers be enhanced?
Emergency imaging protocols for pregnant patients: a multi-institutional and multi- specialty comparison of physician education
Authors: Eibschutz Liesl , Lu Max Yang , Jannatdoust Payam , Judd Angela C. , Justin Claire A. , Fields Brandon K.K. , Demirjian Natalie L. , Rehani Madan , Reddy Sravanthi , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies have demonstrated that radiologists and other providers perceive the teratogenic risks of radiologic imaging to be higher than they actually are. Thus, pregnant patients were less likely to receive ionizing radiation procedures. While it is imperative to minimize fetal radiation exposure, clinicians must remember that diagnostic studies should not be avoided due to fear of radiation, particularly if the imaging study can significantly impact patient care. Although guidelines do exist regarding how best to image pregnant patients, many providers are unaware of these guidelines and thus lack confidence when making imaging decisions for pregnant patients. This study aimed to gather information about current education, confidence in, and knowledge about emergency imaging of pregnant women among radiology, emergency medicine, and OB/GYN providers.

Methods
We created and distributed an anonymous survey to radiology, emergency medicine, and OB/GYN providers to evaluate their knowledge and confidence in imaging pregnant patients in the emergent setting. This study included a questionnaire with the intent of knowing the correct answers among physicians primarily across the United States (along with some international participation). We conducted subgroup analyses, comparing variables by specialty, radiology subspecialty, and training levels. Based on the survey results, we subsequently developed educational training videos.

Results
108 radiologists, of which 32 self-identified as emergency radiologists, ten emergency medicine providers and six OB/GYN clinicians completed the survey. The overall correct response rate was 68.5%, though performance across questions was highly variable. Within our 18-question survey, four questions had a correct response rate under 50%, while five questions had correct response rates over 90%. Most responding physicians identified themselves as either “fairly” (58/124, 47%) or “very” (51/124, 41%) confident. Amongst specialties, there were differences in performance concerning the knowledge assessment (p = 0.049), with the strongest performance from radiologists. There were no differences in knowledge by training level (p = 0.4), though confidence levels differed significantly between attending physicians and trainees (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study highlights deficiencies in knowledge to support appropriate decision-making surrounding the imaging of pregnant patients. Our results indicate the need for improved physician education and dissemination of standardized clinical guidelines.
Liver at crossroads: unraveling the links between obesity, chronic liver diseases, and the mysterious obesity paradox
Authors: Elsabaawy Maha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObesity is a global health issue that is intricately linked to the development and progression of chronic liver disease (CLD). This bidirectional connection, coupled with the obesity paradox (OP), presents a management dilemma. The established influence of obesity on the development and progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) is surpassed by the liver’s impact on the onset and advancement of obesity. Patients with CLD always experience increased energy expenditure, reduced appetite, and low protein synthesis, all of which might lead to weight loss. However, metabolic disturbances, hormonal imbalances, inflammatory signaling, immobility, drugs, and alterations in nutrient metabolism can contribute to the development and exacerbation of obesity. Despite the propagation of the OP concept, none of the guidelines has changed, recommending being overweight. Research bias and confounders might be the lifebuoy explanation. Additionally, overlooking the lethal morbidities of obesity for survival benefits full of suffering seems to be an illogical idea. Therefore, rather than endorsing an overweight status, emphasis should be placed on improving cardiorespiratory fitness and preventing sarcopenia to achieve better outcomes in patients with CLD. Accordingly, the complex interplay between obesity, CLD, and the concept of OP requires a sophisticated individualized management approach. Maximizing cardiorespiratory fitness and mitigating sarcopenia should be considered essential strategies for attaining the most favourable outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Acute right-sided transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation improves cardio-vagal baroreflex gain in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Gentile Francesco , Giannoni Alberto , Navari Alessandro , Degl’Innocenti Eleonora , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to investigate the acute effects of short-term transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on cardio-vagal baroreflex gain and heart rate variability in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods
A total of 16 adults with CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% in sinus rhythm were enrolled (65 ± 8 years, 63% men, LVEF 40 ± 5%, 88% on beta-blockers, 50% on quadruple CHF therapy). Over a single experimental session, after a 10-min baseline recording, each patient underwent two trials of 10-min tVNS (Parasym Device, 200 µs, 30 Hz, 1 mA below discomfort threshold) at either the right or left tragus in a randomized order, separated by a 10-min recovery.

Results
Compared with baseline, tVNS did not affect heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate (p > 0.05), and no patients complained of discomfort or any adverse effect. Right-sided tVNS was associated with a significant increase in cardio-vagal baroreflex gain (from 5.6 ± 3.1 to 7.5 ± 3.8 ms/mmHg, ∆ 1.9 ± 1.6 ms/mmHg, p < 0.001), while no change was observed with left-sided tVNS (∆ 0.5 ± 2.0 ms/mmHg, p = 0.914). These findings were independent of stimulation-side order (excluding any carry-over effect) and consistent across sex, LVEF category, and HF etiology subgroups (p-value for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusions
Acute right-sided tVNS increases cardio-vagal baroreflex gain in patients with CHF and LVEF < 50%, with no tolerability concerns.
Generalised Lat-Igusa-Todorov Algebras and Morita Contexts
Authors: Lanzilotta Marcelo , Vivero José 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we define (special) GLIT classes and (special) GLIT algebras. We prove that GLIT algebras, which generalise Lat-Igusa-Todorov algebras, satisfy the finitistic dimension conjecture and give several properties and examples. In addition we show that special GLIT algebras are exactly those that have finite finitistic dimension. Lastly we study Morita algebras arising from a Morita context and give conditions for them to be (special) GLIT in terms of the algebras and bimodules used in their definition. As a consequence we obtain simple conditions for a triangular matrix algebra to be (special) GLIT and also prove that the tensor product of a GLIT

$$\mathbb {K}$$

K

-algebra with a path algebra of a finite quiver without oriented cycles is GLIT.
Passive sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low-density polyethylene: Equilibration limitations in aqueous suspensions
Authors: Liu Jialin , Liu Binlong , Xie Shuya , Grathwohl Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) and other polymers are widely and successfully used as passive samplers for organic pollutants in the environment. This study provides high-resolution experimental data from batch shaking tests on the uptake, reversibility, and linear equilibrium partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using two different PE sheets of 30 µm and 80 µm thickness. Kinetics for phenanthrene are well described by a mechanistic first-order model with mass transfer limited by an aqueous boundary layer (with a mean thickness of 170 µm). Equilibration in laboratory batch systems during uptake and desorption is very rapid with characteristic times of 1–2 h but this depends on the boundary condition, e.g., the ratio of PE mass to water volume. Therefore, equilibration of PE in other setups, e.g., in soil slurries or sediment suspensions, may take orders of magnitude longer because the boundary condition for PE changes from finite to infinite bath conditions (soil or sediment particles may keep the concentration in water almost constant). Solid precipitates for high molecular weight PAHs explain partition coefficients below expected values because of kinetic limitations in such a system. Nevertheless, passive sampling can be employed safely if such limitations are considered; furthermore, partition coefficients can be estimated accurately by empirical relationships (e.g., within 0.1 log unit) based on molecular weight, octanol/water partition coefficients, or subcooled liquid solubilities.
Functionalization of boron nitride with poly(catechol-polyamine) and bis(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide for preparing epoxy nanocomposites with enhanced thermal conductivity
Authors: Wu Zijian , Yang Changjie , Gao Shunying , Gao Junguo , Almalki Abdulraheem SA , Fallatah Ahmed M. , Ren Juanna , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Guo Ning , Zhao Wei , Weng Ling , Guo Zhanhu , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has garnered significant interest as inorganic thermally conductive material in electronic packaging due to its high-efficiency thermal management capability and electrical insulation properties. However, the relatively inert chemical environment of the BN surface hinders phonon transfer at the interface. Additionally, the high content of inorganic components in the matrix leads to the deterioration of the composite’s mechanical properties. In this research, h-BN surface is modified using poly(catechol-polyamine) (PCPA) and bis (γ-triethoxysi-lylpropyl)tetrasulphide (Si69) (denoted as BN-PCPA-Si69). The noncovalent PCPA modification protects the endothermic properties of BN, Si69 provides covalent bonding between thermally conductive fillers and bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (Ep), and the interfacial compatibility between BN and epoxy resin is improved. The heat conductivity of final BN/Ep composite achieved 0.817 W/(m·K) containing 30 wt% BN. Correspondingly, the heat conductivity of the composite (mBN/Ep) achieved 0.881 W/(m·K) containing 30 wt% BN-PCPA-Si69. Compared to pure epoxy resin (0.200 W/(m·K), the thermal conductivity (TC) of the mBN/Ep composite increased by 364% while maintaining good electrical insulation properties. The proposed BN surface functionalization approach has potential applications in fields such as microelectronic packaging, where materials need to balance high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Erythritol Sebacate)
Authors: Godinho Bruno , Smarandache Diana , Ionescu Cătălina , Cioateră Nicoleta , Ferreira Artur , Gama Nuno 
Published: October 2024

AbstractErythritol is a sweetener polyol widely distributed in nature. Its industrial production is based on biotechnological fermentative processes using yeasts. It is used essentially in nutrition and pharmaceutical fields. However, due to its still high price, the use of erythritol is not widespread and is lower than that of other polyols. The use of erythritol for polymer synthesis remains largely unexplored by the scientific community. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of polyester, poly (erythritol sebacate) (PES), obtained by thermal polycondensation of erythritol and sebacic acid in a two steps approach. A prepolymerization step was realized at different temperatures (150 °C, 160 °C and 170 °C, respectively) followed by a cure step at 150 °C. It was found that using a higher temperature allows the same degree of polymerization (50%) to be achieved in a shorter period, but this leads to prepolymers with a more heterogeneous oligomeric composition. This is reflected in the final properties of the polymers after curing. Synthesis at 150 °C produced a polymer with superior mechanical performance (ultimate tensile strength: 0.5 MPa; Young’s modulus: 0.44 MPa: elongation at break: 123%) and higher chemical resistance to solvents than polymers synthesized at 160 °C and 170 °C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is between − 20 and 0 °C for all polymers and density is 1.08 g/cm3. Based on these results, we believe that PES is a good elastomer with tunable properties and potential for selective absorption of molecules, such as ethanol, that could be useful for beverage industry and biotechnological applications.
Graphical Abstract