bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐15‐induced CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells correlate with liver injury via NKG2D in chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis
Authors: Fan Jing , Xu Min , Liu Ke , Yan Wanping , Wu Huanyu , Dong Hongliang , Yang Yongfeng , Ye Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesCD8+ T cells play a critical role in the immune dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis. CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells, or bystander‐activated CD8+ T cells, are involved in tissue injury but their specific contribution to liver cirrhosis remains unclear. This study sought to identify the mechanism for CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cell‐mediated pathogenesis during liver cirrhosis.MethodsThe immunophenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity‐related indicators of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. The functional properties of these cells were assessed using transcriptome analysis. CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T‐cell killing was detected using cytotoxicity and antibody‐blocking assays.ResultsThe proportion of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells was significantly elevated in liver cirrhosis patients and correlated with tissue damage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these cells had innate‐like functional characteristics. This CD8+ T‐cell population primarily consisted of effector memory T cells and produced a high level of cytotoxicity‐related cytokines, granzyme B and perforin. IL‐15 promoted CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T‐cell activation and proliferation, inducing significant TCR‐independent cytotoxicity mediated through NKG2D.ConclusionsCD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells correlated with cirrhosis‐related liver injury and contributed to liver damage by signalling through NKG2D in a TCR‐independent manner.
Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection
Authors: Toh Zheng Quan , Anderson Jeremy , Mazarakis Nadia , Quah Leanne , Nguyen Jill , Higgins Rachel A , Do Lien Anh Ha , Ng Yan Yung , Jalali Sedi , Neeland Melanie R , McMinn Alissa , Saffery Richard , McNab Sarah , McVernon Jodie , Marcato Adrian , Burgner David P , Curtis Nigel , Steer Andrew C , Mulholland Kim , Pellicci Daniel G , Crawford Nigel W , Tosif Shidan , Licciardi Paul V 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe immune response in children elicited by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID‐19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine.MethodsParticipants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID‐19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed.ResultsA total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike‐specific CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike‐specific polyfunctional CD8 T‐cell responses.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T‐cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID‐19 vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infections.
Revascularization and outcomes in ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction after heart failure admission: The RevascHeart study
Authors: Moliner‐Abós Carlos , Calvo‐Barceló Maria , Solé‐Gonzalez Eduard , Borrellas Martín Andrea , Fluvià‐Brugués Paula , Sánchez‐Vega Jesús , Vime‐Jubany Joan , Vallverdú Maria Ferré , Taurón Ferrer Manel , Tobias‐Castillo Pablo E. , de la Fuente Mancera Juan Carlos , Vilardell‐Rigau Pau , Vila‐Olives Rosa , Diez‐López Carles , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Arzamendi Aizpurua Dabit , Ferreira‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Mirabet Pérez Sònia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsDespite numerous trials on revascularization in patients with heart failure (HF) and ischaemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, its role remains unsettled. Guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HF has shown benefits on outcomes. This multicentre study aims to compare long‐term mortality between revascularization and GDMT in patients with ischaemic LV dysfunction following admission for HF.Methods and resultsBetween 2012 and 2023, 408 patients admitted for HF with a LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40% or less and documented coronary artery disease (CAD) were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their initial treatment decision: revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] or coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]) or GDMT. The primary outcome was rate of all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality, and secondary outcomes included type of revascularization (PCI vs. CABG) and LV reverse remodelling. After a median 44.6‐month follow‐up, 100 patients (33%) died in the revascularization group, compared to 44 (43%) in the GDMT group. Multivariate analysis showed no significant benefit of revascularization on all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–1.39, p = 0.45) or cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.62–1.52, p = 0.90) compared to GDMT. Neither CABG (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.51–1.08, p = 0.13) nor PCI (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.62–1.55, p = 0.93) demonstrated a mortality reduction compared to GDMT. Both groups experienced significant reductions in LV size and improvements in LVEF, greater in the revascularization group.ConclusionRevascularization did not outperform GDMT in ischaemic LV dysfunction following HF admission in this retrospective analysis. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the potential role of revascularization in improving outcomes.
Multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, prospective study on the effects of ImmunoAdSorptiOn on cardiac function in patients with Dilated CardioMyopathy (IASO‐DCM): Rationale and design
Authors: Dörr Marcus , Böhm Michael , Erdmann Erland , Groß Stefan , Mahabadi Amir‐Abbas , Nauck Matthias , Nickening Georg , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter , Staudt Alexander , Werdan Karl , Waagstein Finn , Hjalmarson Åke , Felix Stephan B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsPilot studies indicate that immunoadsorption with subsequent IgG substitution (IA/IgG) induces beneficial effects in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. This placebo‐controlled study investigates whether IA/IgG treatment enhances left ventricular (LV) systolic function as compared to a control group receiving pseudo‐treatment.MethodsThis multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group trial aims to include 200 patients with heart failure due to DCM (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] <40%) on optimized guideline‐directed heart failure medication. Participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to IA/IgG using protein‐A columns, or to pseudo‐immunoadsorption followed by an intravenous infusion without IgG. Follow‐up visits take place by telephone after 1 and 3 months and at the study centres after 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary efficacy endpoint is the change in LVEF from baseline to 6 months determined by contrast echocardiography, analysed at a core lab. In addition, LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes will be analysed as secondary endpoints over the entire study period to assess whether IA/IgG affects LV remodelling. As main secondary outcome, a composite of all‐cause death, cardiac resuscitation, hospitalization for heart failure, and need for cardiac surgery to improve myocardial pump function will be evaluated after 24 months. In addition, exploratory outcomes as well as safety endpoints related to the treatment will be assessed throughout the whole study period.ConclusionIASO‐DCM is a randomized study which will provide comprehensive insights into the effects of immunoadsorption with subsequent IgG substitution in patients with DCM.
I2‐Promoted Povarov Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of 2,2′‐Biquinolines and N‐Heteroaromatic Benzothiazoles
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Li Jie , Wu Xiaotian , Ma Shanshan , Lv Xueyan , Feng Lei , Han Qiang , Ma Chen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn efficient I2‐promoted Povarov multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 2,2′‐biquinolines or N‐heteroaromatic benzothiazole using 2‐methylquinoline or 2‐methylbenzo[d]thiazole, arylamines, and α‐ketoesters was developed. The methyl group of methyl aza‐arenes incorporated in the Povarov reaction via an iodination/Kornblum oxidation sequence. This method was achieved through a one‐pot two‐step process without the need for transition metals, demonstrating excellent scalability in synthesis.
Update application of enzyme in food processing, preservation, and detection
Authors: Wang Huan , Sun Zhongke , Qi Yanli , Hu Yuansen , Ni Zifu , Li Chengwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnzymes play a crucial role in enhancing food processing techniques and improving flavor quality. They are also used for prolonging the storage period and rapid detection of foodborne diseases, essential for ensuring food quality and safety. With the rapid development of the food industry, the application prospects of enzymes have become increasingly prominent. In this review, the applications of enzymes in food processing, preservation, and detection were expounded in detail, and further attention is paid to the processing points and application effects of enzymes in all aspects of food production. The research and application direction of enzymes in the future were also speculated to help interested parties to understand the application advantages and prospects of enzymes.
Resistant starch, chronic kidney disease, and the gut microbiome: A mini‐review
Authors: Guo Jiayue , Szacilo Amy , Kong Lingyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe kidneys play a vital role in maintaining various homeostatic functions, yet the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing globally. The review discusses how resistant starch supplementation in CKD patients can shift the gut microbiota composition, promoting short‐chain fatty acid‐producing bacteria, especially butyrate producers, and reducing mucin‐degrading bacteria. This shift is posited to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby potentially alleviating CKD progression. It also highlights the complexity of establishing clear causal pathways due to the current limitations in testing techniques for gut microbiota, which often lack the resolution needed to establish clear causal mechanisms. Therefore, this review stresses the need for future research to address these gaps, refine testing methods, clarify the health implications of microbiota shifts, and consider individual metabolic differences and variations in gut microbiota.
The network analysis of anxiety, depression and academic burnout symptom relationships throughout early, middle, and late adolescence
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Qu Guoliang , Chen Xuhai , Luo Yangmei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has explored the associations between anxiety, depression, and academic burnout primarily from a variable‐level perspective. However, there is limited understanding of which symptoms might play a significant role in anxiety, depression, and academic burnout among adolescents at different stages.MethodsThis study included 7,286 adolescents aged 10 to 18. Questionnaires assessed participants' anxiety, depression, and academic burnout. Network analysis was conducted on the overall sample and segmented by early, middle, and late adolescence to explore relationships between symptoms and variations in symptom expression across these stages, aiming to propose effective interventions targeting anxiety, depression, and academic burnout symptoms in early, middle, and late adolescence.ResultsThe study found that “feeling that studying is meaningless” emerged as a core symptom in the overall sample. Additionally, “acting or speaking slowly” emerged as a core symptom in early adolescence, while “the thought of dying or hurting” and “feeling bad about yourself, letting your family down” were prominent in middle adolescence, and “easily annoyed or irritable” and “feeling tired” may be prioritized in late adolescence. The varying central symptoms across different adolescent stages suggest the need for targeted interventions.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of interventions tailored to specific symptoms to meet the unique needs of adolescents at different developmental stages.
A process for conducting mixed methods data analysis
Authors: Creswell John W. , Inoue Machiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe process of mixed methods data analysis has long been understudied and needs clear guidance for researchers. This review article honors Michael D. Fetters' pioneering work on mixed methods data analysis, building on his concepts of integration, joint displays, and metainferences. This review summarizes existing mixed methods data analysis discussions and proposes advanced steps for the analysis process. Our approach involves identifying a research problem, collecting diverse data, selecting a mixed methods design, integrating the data within the design, using joint displays for analysis, and drawing metainferences. We illustrate our methods with a Japanese empirical research study from family medicine. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by detailing a practical process approach to mixed methods analysis combining recent procedures in the field of mixed methods research.
Cronkhite–Canada syndrome tends to be accompanied by colorectal cancer: Report of seven cases
Authors: Shimoyama Masayuki , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Minaga Kosuke , Akamatsu Takuji , Uenoyama Yoshito , Yamashita Yukitaka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCronkhite–Canada syndrome (CCS) can be difficult to diagnose. To diagnose CCS, it is important to perform endoscopic examination for patients with chronic diarrhea, check for the presence or absence of polyposis, and evaluate inflammation in the mucosa between the polyps. This study reported seven cases of CCS. The age of the patients, which included four men and three women, ranged 48–72 years, and all patients were Asian. The most common symptom among these patients was chronic diarrhea. Three of the patients had rectal cancer. In two patients, the lesions were detected at an early stage and resected via endoscopic treatment. CCS is associated with a high risk of malignant gastrointestinal lesions, especially rectal cancers, and periodic surveillance endoscopy and careful observation are required.
Current Advances in Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives: An Approach Toward Energetic Materials
Authors: Portilla Jaime 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPyrazole derivatives are strategic structural motifs due to their proven utility in preparing chemicals in biological, pharmaceutical, photophysical, technological, and industrial fields; therefore, syntheses of pyrazole‐containing compounds are highly desirable. Some nitrogen‐rich pyrazoles, specifically nitrated derivatives posing high density and moderate thermal stability, have been used as energetic compounds since a high amount of energy is stored in their structures that can be released quickly with high detonation power under external stimuli (i.e., thermal, impact, and friction). These compounds have good capacity and sensitivity in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics applications in eco‐friendly ways. Therefore, this contribution focuses on recent and illustrative examples regarding the (i) synthesis and reactivity of pyrazoles, especially works of the last decade, highlighting works on (ii) applications in energetic compounds to analyze their scope.
Early Detection of Myocardial Involvement in Thalassemia Intermedia Patients: Multiparametric Mapping by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Meloni Antonella , Pistoia Laura , Garamella Davide , Parlato Alessandro , Positano Vincenzo , Ricchi Paolo , Casini Tommaso , De Marco Emanuela , Corigliano Elisabetta , Borsellino Zelia , Visceglie Domenico , De Caterina Raffaele , Pepe Alessia , Cademartiri Filippo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundNo study has assessed myocardial T1 and T2 values in patients with beta‐thalassemia intermedia (β‐TI).PurposeTo assess the prevalence of myocardial involvement in β‐TI patients by T2* relaxometry and native T1 and T2 mapping and to determine the correlation of myocardial relaxation times with demographic and clinical parameters.Study TypeProspective matched‐cohort study.Subjects42 β‐TI patients (27 females, 39.65 ± 12.32 years), enrolled in the Extension‐Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassaemia Network, and 42 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers (27 females, 40.01 ± 11.36 years) and thalassemia major (TM) patients (27 females, 39.27 ± 11.57 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T/multi‐echo gradient echo, modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery, multi‐echo fast‐spin‐echo, cine balanced steady‐state‐free precession, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences.AssessmentHepatic, pancreatic, and left ventricular (LV) T2* values, LV native T1 and T2 values, biventricular ejection fractions and volumes, and presence and extent of replacement myocardial fibrosis.Statistical TestsComparisons between two groups were performed with two‐sample t tests, Wilcoxon's signed rank tests, or χ2 testing. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's or Spearman's test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Resultsβ‐TI patients had significantly higher LV T2 values than healthy subjects (56.84 ± 4.03 vs. 52.46 ± 2.50 msec, P < 0.0001) and significantly higher LV T1 values than TM patients (1018.32 ± 48.94 vs. 966.66 ± 66.47 msec, P < 0.0001). In β‐TI, female gender was associated with significantly increased LV T1 (P = 0.041) and T2 values (P < 0.0001), while splenectomy and presence of regular transfusions were associated with significantly lower LV T1 values (P = 0.014 and P = 0.001, respectively). In β‐TI patients, all LV relaxation times were significantly correlated with each other (T2*‐T1: P = 0.003; T2*‐T2: P = 0.003; T1‐T2: P < 0.0001). Two patients with a reduced LV T2* also had a reduced LV T1, while only one had a reduced LV T2. Three patients had a reduced LV T1 but a normal LV T2*; 66.7% of the patients had an increased LV T2. All LV relaxation times were significantly correlated with pancreas T2* values (T2*: P = 0.033; T1: P < 0.0001; T2: P = 0.014). No LV relaxation time was associated (P > 0.05) with hepatic iron concentration, biventricular function parameters, or LGE presence.ConclusionThe combined use of all three myocardial relaxation times has potential to improve sensitivity in the detection of early/subclinical myocardial involvement in β‐Tl patients.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Evaluating the thermal stability of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine through iterative multi‐physics simulation
Authors: Garmut Mitja , Steentjes Simon , Petrun Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the thermal operating capability of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine. An iterative workflow is presented, combining electromagnetic modeling, control, power‐loss modeling, and thermal modeling to identify maximum thermal stable operating points. Special attention is given to the critical temperatures of winding and permanent magnets. A nonlinear reduced order model based on finite element method model was used to simulate the system, including an inverter model with space vector pulse width modulation in combination with field‐oriented control. Furthermore, an advanced iron core loss model and thermal lumped parameter model were employed. The presented approach allows for evaluating losses and their impact on steady‐state temperatures. The obtained results highlight the significant influence of space vector pulse width modulation on iron core losses and the importance of considering both advanced power‐loss models and adequate thermal models when analyzing the machine's thermal state. This research emphasizes the concept of a thermally stable envelope, providing a comprehensive understanding of the thermal boundaries under various operating conditions.
Bidirectional long‐short‐term memory‐based fractional power system stabilizer: Design, simulation, and real‐time validation
Authors: Jha Abhishek , Ray Dhruv , Sarkar Devesh Umesh , Prakash Tapan , Dewangan Niraj Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPower oscillations in modern power grids are inherent phenomena that may threaten system reliability. Therefore, to ensure acceptable system reliability, effective damping of power oscillations is inevitably required. In this context, this article introduces a novel approach to designing fractional power system stabilizer (FPSS) for effective damping of power oscillations. Bidirectional long‐short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) approach is adopted to predict the parameters of FPSS. The conventional phase compensation technique is used to train Bi‐LSTM network. To validate the efficacy of FPSS, different test scenarios of contingent operating conditions are simulated for the system. Comparative analysis is carried out with conventional power system stabilizers (PSSs) and optimization‐based PSS techniques. Additionally, a test scenario is performed against existing deep neural network‐based PSS methods to ascertain the robustness of the proposed PSS. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed Bi‐LSTM‐based FPSS is validated in real‐time simulation using an interfaced OPAL‐RT OP5700 hardware device.
Projected climatic exposure and velocities of precipitation extremes over India and its biogeographic zones
Authors: Sachan Disha , Kumari Amita , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate change is leading to alterations in the dynamic and thermodynamic climate systems worldwide, including the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), which supports more than a billion population and drives the Indian economy. The anthropogenic climate change induces unprecedented transformations in the natural and ecological systems, such as the increased probability of precipitation extremes, changes in their frequency, duration and spatial variabilities. This current study aims to project the regional landscape‐based metric, velocity of climate change (VoCC) and associated climatic exposure regarding precipitation extremes (PEs) for India and its different biogeographic zones. The climate velocities of mean precipitation, 95th, 99.5th and 99.9th percentiles of precipitation for the ISM season are presented for the historical and three projected time slices under the RCP8.5 scenario. ROM, a state‐of‐the‐art regional earth system model over the CORDEX‐South Asia domain, was used in the study. It was observed that the intense and very intense rainfall (95th, 99.5th and 99.9th percentiles) was enhanced over most of the study region in the near‐ and mid‐future compared to the far‐future. The intense rainfall exhibited higher climate velocity than the mean and very intense precipitation in the near‐future. The southern part of the Indian subcontinent usually displayed positive VoCC values for the historical and near‐future time slices compared to the northern part of the Indian peninsula, particularly the intense and very intense precipitation. The climatic exposure for all‐India was also higher in the near‐ and mid‐future compared to the far‐future, especially for the intense rainfall followed by the mean and very intense rainfall. These results suggest the need for focusing the adaptation and mitigation measures towards managing the near‐term impacts of PEs in relation to the long‐term impacts, especially on the country's diverse flora.