bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of doming and toe flexion testing to quantify foot muscle strength
Authors: Ridge Sarah Trager , Myrer J. William , Olsen Mark T. , Jurgensmeier Kevin , Johnson A. Wayne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundQuantifying the strength of the intrinsic foot muscles has been a challenge for clinicians and researchers. The reliable measurement of this strength is important in order to assess weakness, which may contribute to a variety of functional issues in the foot and lower leg, including plantar fasciitis and hallux valgus. This study reports 3 novel methods for measuring foot strength – doming (previously unmeasured), hallux flexion, and flexion of the lesser toes.MethodsTwenty‐one healthy volunteers performed the strength tests during two testing sessions which occurred one to five days apart. Each participant performed each series of strength tests (doming, hallux flexion, and lesser toe flexion) four times during the first testing session (twice with each of two raters) and two times during the second testing session (once with each rater). Intra‐class correlation coefficients were calculated to test for reliability for the following comparisons: between raters during the same testing session on the same day (inter‐rater, intra‐day, intra‐session), between raters on different days (inter‐rater, inter‐day, inter‐session), between days for the same rater (intra‐rater, inter‐day, inter‐session), and between sessions on the same day by the same rater (intra‐rater, intra‐day, inter‐session).ResultsICCs showed good to excellent reliability for all tests between days, raters, and sessions. Average doming strength was 99.96 ± 47.04 N. Average hallux flexion strength was 65.66 ± 24.5 N. Average lateral toe flexion was 50.96 ± 22.54 N.ConclusionsThese simple tests using relatively low cost equipment can be used for research or clinical purposes. If repeated testing will be conducted on the same participant, it is suggested that the same researcher or clinician perform the testing each time for optimal reliability.
Deeply rooted in the present: Contemporary street art and palimpsest memories on Réunion Island
Authors: Compan Magali 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article explores the work of street artists Kid Kréol and Boogie whose creative endeavours with visual texts constitute (re)articulations of memory and identity in Reunion Island. In abandoned industrial zones and urban locations, their work consistently features Zamérantes (creole for wandering souls) who serve as the protagonists of tales and legends from the island’s oral and written traditions. The public venues chosen for their works catalyse the meanings and messages of the works while the works reconstitute the meaning of spaces and places of exhibition. These artists purpose is to manipulate the traditional in ways that are emphatically contemporary and designed to superimpose the real and imaginary, the past and present. This article argues that these (re)visions of memory take the form of a superimposition of traces that come to constitute a new composite structure. This layering can be a superimposition of not only two moments in time but also of places, spaces and cultures that produce a chain of signification. Hence, considering KidKréol and Boogie’s art as palimpsests leads to new understandings of memory as transcultural and intertextual. It is a critically dynamic and open space composed of interconnected traces of different voices, sites and times.
Represent your origins: An analysis of the diatopic determinants of non-standard language use in French rap
Authors: Verbeke Martin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article investigates the impact of diatopic determinants, and more specifically, ethnic and geographic origins, on non-standard language use in francophone rap (in France and Belgium). This study relies on a lexicographic analysis to produce quantitative results that are then analysed qualitatively with the help of extracts from rap tracks and semi-structured interviews with francophone rappers. This article looks at a variety of possible determinants, including multicultural communities, immigration, flows of people, notions of power relations, authenticity and conflicts between cities and départements. The general conclusion from the analysis is that the diatopic determinants do not have a marked impact on quantitative variation within the corpus when it comes to the overall use of non-standard language, although some wider differences emerge in relation to specific categories, such as the absence of verlan by Marseille rappers or the higher use of Arabic, slang and verlan by rappers of Algerian origin.
From trauma to drama: A polymorphous space for witnessing (to) the Rwandan genocide in theatre
Authors: Collins Holly , Abell Jacob 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study analyses the play, Rwanda 94, and demonstrates how it distinguishes itself from other literature dealing with the 1994 genocide. Rwanda 94 expresses a desire to bear witness to the genocide. This objective contrasts with the artistic, intellectual and political aims of other artistic projects, which often seek a swift catharsis. Rwanda 94’s structure and content suggest that the task of understanding must be preceded by an extended act of witnessing. The play creates a platform for this witnessing, facilitated by the theatre space and the relationship between the spectators and the actors. These dramatic elements differentiate Rwanda 94 from other creative attempts to represent the Rwandan genocide because the polymorphous nature of theatre allows for a better representation of the heterogeneous experiences of the event. The creation of Rwanda 94 by a diverse group results in a polyphonic project that addresses issues of authenticity, imposed identity and collaboration between francophone groups.
Reviews
Authors: Arnold Markus , Arnold Markus , Arnold Markus , Bennett Kirsty , Chandna Mohit , Dasgupta Swati , Miraglia Anne Marie , Shilton Siobhán , Turberfield Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
At the Limits of Memory: Legacies of Slavery in the Francophone World, Nicola Frith and Kate Hodgson (eds) (2015) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 259 pp., ISBN: 9781781381595, h/bk, £80
Cannibal Writes: Eating Others in Caribbean and Indian Ocean Women’s Writing, Njeri Githire (2014) Urbana, Chicago and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 256 pp., ISBN: 9780252038785, h/bk, $55
The Literatures of the French Pacific: Reconfiguring Hybridity, Raylene Ramsay (2014) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 384 pp., ISBN: 9781781380376, h/bk, £80
Isabelle Eberhardt and North Africa: A Carnivalesque Mirage, Lynda Chouiten (2014) London: Lexington Books, 246 pp., ISBN: 9780739185926, h/bk, £65
Gendered Frames, Embodied Cameras: Varda, Akerman, Cabrera, Calle, and Maïwenn, Cybelle H. McFadden (2014) Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 233 pp., ISBN: 9781611476323, h/bk, £49.95
The French Colonial Imagination: Writing the Indian Upsrisings, 1857–1858, from Second Empire to Third Republic, Nicola Frith (2014) Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books, 217 pp., ISBN: 9780739180006, h/bk, $88
Le Ventre des femmes: Capitalisme, racialisation, féminisme, Françoise Vergès (2017) Paris: Albin Michel, 231 pp., ISBN: 9782226395252, 20€
Scars of Partition: Postcolonial Legacies in French and British Borderlands, William Miles (2014) Lincoln, NE and London: Nebraska University Press, 365 pp., ISBN: 9780803248328, p/bk, $35
The Colonial Comedy: Imperialism in the French Realist Novel, Jennifer Yee (2016) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 272 pp., ISBN: 9780198722632, h/bk, £60
On this side of the Alps: a sociolinguistic overview of Francoprovençal in northwestern Italy
Authors: Regis Riccardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis contribution offers a sociolinguistic overview of Francoprovençal (FP) in northwestern Italy. Some aspects of the vitality of FP in Piedmont and Valle d’Aosta, as well as the linguistic repertoires of the two communities, are outlined in the first part of the article, while a selection of phenomena arising from contact between FP and Piedmontese is discussed in the second.
Politique linguistique et planification linguistique pour le francoprovençal en Suisse: le cas du Valais
Authors: Diémoz Federica 
Published: December 2017

Résumé
Après une introduction sur la situation sociolinguistique du francoprovençal en Suisse, la contribution présentera des actions de planification linguistique entreprises récemment dans le canton du Valais pour le francoprovençal, langue vernaculaire parlée par une minorité de la population. Nous observerons ensuite les actions patrimoniales mises en œuvre par les locuteurs, des formes de patrimonialisation ordinaire. Des enquêtes de terrain réalisées avec des locuteurs natifs, des néo-locuteurs et différents acteurs locaux de cette langue minoritaire, nous permettrons d’analyser leurs discours épilinguistiques. Si nous avons pu observer des visions parfois divergentes au sujet de la transmission de la langue traditionnelle et des représentations qu’elle véhicule, un consensus fort existe sur la nécessité de sauvegarde de ce patrimoine linguistique.
Complex whey utilization: the propionic acid alternative
Authors: Vidra Aladár , Tóth András József , Németh Áron 
Published: December 2017

Abstract Whey is the complex waste of the dairy industry. Despite the fact, that it has numerous applications (like different form of food supplements), its major amount is still handled as waste. The carbohydrate, protein and lactic acid content, as well as the COD and BOD, are sufficiently high warranting disposal as waste resulting in high costs; however, their levels are insufficient for the cost-effective isolation and purification. Most of the numerous reports on whey utilisation focus on lactose utilization, while lactic acid removal is complex, but necessary, particularly in case of sour whey decontamination. According to our best knowledge among the microbial fermentation, the only lactic acid (as carbon source) utilization process is propionic acid fermentation. Propionic acid is an attractive product with a wide application range. In this study, two propionic acid producing microorganisms were investigated in terms of industrial applicability. The propionic acid producing bacteria are generally characterized by anaerobic metabolism (except the pathogenic P. acne); but, for application in a biorefinery, facultative anaerobe behavior is the most appropriate and cost-effective. In this study, the aero-tolerances of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii and Propionibacterium acidipropionici were examined; their propionic acid-producing properties (yield, concentration, substrate preference, productivity) were compared.
Advances on the group composition, mating system, roosting and flight behaviour of the European free-tailed bat (Tadarida teniotis)
Authors: Balmori Alfonso 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We investigated a large colony of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) in Spain, using a combination of capture-mark-recapture data and direct observations. Its social and reproductive organisation is complex and the mating system fits a “resource defence polygyny” model. In spring and autumn, aggressive interactions in flight, defence of roosts and mating songs of males to attract females occurred. According to our results, T. teniotis is organised in “harems” consisting of a dominant male and a variable number of females. In addition the sexual cycle displayed a bimodal reproductive pattern (this is unique and remarkable for European bats). The bimodal pattern coincided with peaks in food availability (moths) at high altitudes. Presumably, roost-guarding activities (patrolling, advertising…) make males less prone to move away (e.g. at higher altitudes and longer distances) from roosts, resulting in differences in prey selection and in altitudinal segregation between sexes. This provides a plausible explanation for the differences in diet (predation of more sedentary vs. high-flying migratory moths) between males and females that has been found in published studies.
Big-Men and Small Chiefs: The Creation of Bronze Age Societies
Authors: Iversen Rune 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates to what extent the significant material changes observable at the end of the Neolithic reflect transformations of the underlying social dynamics. Answering this question will help us to understand the formation of Bronze Age societies. The analysis concerns southern Scandinavia with a certain focus on Denmark. The assumption is that the creation of Bronze Age societies must be understood as a long formative process that partly originated in the culturally-heterogeneous Middle Neolithic. Four aspects seem to have been essential to this process: the rise of the warrior figure, the reintroduction of metal, increased agricultural production, and the establishment of one of the characteristic features of the Bronze Age, the chieftain hall. These aspects do not appear simultaneously but are introduced stepby- step starting out in the late Middle Neolithic and early Late Neolithic to fully develop around 2000 BC. Consequently, this paper argues that the final Late Neolithic (LN II, c. 1950-1700 BC) was de facto part of the Earliest Bronze Age.
Playing Reading, Using Hands: Which Activities are Linked to Number-Space Processing in Preschool Children?
Authors: Patro Katarzyna , Haman Maciej 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Literate subjects from Western cultures form spatial-numerical associations (SNA) in left-to-right direction, which follows their reading habits. In preliterate children, sources of SNA directionality are more disputable. One possibility is that SNA follows children's early knowledge about text orientation. It could also reflect ipsilateral/contralateral tendencies in manual task execution. Furthermore, SNA's characteristics could differ depending on the evaluation method used. In this study, we test SNA in preliterate preschoolers using object counting, finger counting, and numerosity arrangement tasks. We examined the relations of SNA to children's directional reading knowledge and their manual response tendencies. Left-to-right SNA was pronounced for object counting, disappeared for the numerosity task, and was reversed for finger counting. In all tasks, left-to-right SNA dominated in children who responded contralaterally with their hand. Reading knowledge was partially related to numerosity-based SNA, but not to other SNAs. Based on these findings, we discuss developmental characteristics of different forms of number-space associations.
Computed tomographic perfusion imaging for the prediction of response and survival to transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Popovic Peter , Leban Ana , Kregar Klara , Garbajs Manca , Dezman Rok , Bunc Matjaz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the clinical value of computed tomographic perfusion imaging (CTPI) parameters in predicting the response to treatment and overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEBTACE).

Patients and methods
Between December 2010 and January 2013 eighteen patients (17 men, 1 woman; mean age 69 ± 5.8 years) with intermediate stage HCC underwent CTPI of the liver prior to treatment with DEBTACE. Treatment response was evaluated on follow-up imaging according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Pre-treatment CTPI parameters were compared between patients with complete response and partial response with a Student t-test. We compared survival times with Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
CTPI parameters of patients with complete response and others did not show statistical significant difference. The mean survival time was 25.4 ± 3.2 months (95%; CI: 18.7-32.1). Survival was statistically significantly longer in patients with hepatic blood flow (BF) lower than 50.44 ml/100 ml/min (p = 0.033), hepatic blood volume (BV) lower than 13.32 ml/100 ml (p = 0.028) and time to peak (TTP) longer than 19.035 s (p = 0.015).

Conclusions
CTPI enables prediction of survival in patients with intermediate stage HCC, treated with DEBTACE based on the pre-treatment values of BF, BV and TTP perfusion parameters. CT perfusion imaging can’t be used to predict treatment response to DEBTACE.
„Figur“, „Grund“ und narrative Kontinuität in der Grammatikalisierung des gotischen Protoartikels
Authors: Pimenova Natalia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The author investigates the use of proto-article with locative nouns in the Gothic Bible and shows that the choice in Gothic among the anaphoric pronoun sa (proto-article) and Ø is pragmatically/functionally motivated. The locative nouns are mostly inherently definite and unmarked because of being elements of the frame in natural discourse. However, the anaphoric pronoun is used with unexpected locative objects or locative objects in surprising situations. It also marks the change NomLoc as ground > NomLoc as figure and serves as a highlighting device and as an attention-getter. When the topic-continuity is violated, the anaphoric pronoun is used as an invitation addressed to the hearer to mobilize previous knowledge in order to retrieve the referent. The investigation sheds light on the process of language change that led to the shift from demonstrative to article and the overall spread of anaphoric article.
A FUNÇÃO DO RISO NA OBRA DE SAMUEL BECKETT: UMA ANÁLISE DO CÔMICO EM MOLLOY
Authors: Casini Maria Cecilia , Cavalcanti Thaís Helena de Barros Neves 
Published: December 2017

Presente em toda a obra de Samuel Beckett, o cômico torna-se mais radical a cada etapa de sua narrativa. Partindo dos procedimentos paródicos nos textos dos anos 30, o cômico corrói as estruturas do gênero nos romances dos anos 50 e avança, por fim, sobre a própria linguagem por volta dos anos 70. Este artigo estabelece uma relação entre a teoria do riso de Henri Bergson e o romance Molloy (1951). A partir desta análise, podemos perceber como as ideias de Bergson sobre a rigidez (de corpo, de caráter, de linguagem) ajudam a explicar os efeitos metanarrativos do cômico desta segunda fase. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA MULHER NA LITERATURA: A PROTAGONISTA EM THE AWAKENING, DE KATE CHOPIN
Authors: Verardi Burlamaque Fabiane , Zanatta Deisi Luzia 
Published: December 2017

Este artigo visa analisar como é representada a prática transgressora de emancipação da protagonista Edna Pontellier, no romance The Awakening, da escritora norte-americana Kate Chopin mediante a categoria da personagem, do narrador e foco narrativo. Para tal buscamos subsídios teóricos em Candido (1976), Rosenfeld (1969) e Forster (2005) sobre a natureza e a classificação da personagem de ficção; Genette (1972) acerca da teoria da narrativa, o qual trata sobre o narrador heterodiegético e de Friedman (2002) sobre o foco narrativo, especificamente, a onisciência seletiva e seletiva múltipla. O estudo mostra que, muitas vezes, a escritora deixa transparecer os sentimentos e percepções da protagonista, bem como das demais personagens, permitindo ao leitor (a) saber que ideologia atravessa a mente dos seres ficcionais. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
RELIGIÃO E VIOLÊNCIA EM A HORA E A VEZ DE AUGUSTO MATRAGA
Authors: Pereira João Batista 
Published: December 2017

Este artigo busca refletir sobre a configuração da violência no conto A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga, de Guimarães Rosa. Ao creditar importância aos condicionantes históricos para entender a natureza brutal da sociedade sertaneja, destacamos em nossa análise como a religião edifica uma nova forma de opressão, operando contra os princípios éticos e morais que definem a subjetividade do protagonista. Os pressupostos teóricos antevistos no livro Origem do drama trágico alemão, de Walter Benjamin, em cujos fundamentos a alegoria, em liame com a perspectiva dialética, se alça como categoria analítica, embasaram a leitura do relato rosiano. Concluímos que, ao abandonar as práticas cristãs e se voltar para a face secular do sertão, a formação pietista de Augusto Matraga foi insuficiente para redimir as atribulações de sua alma. Para aceitar o fardo que era viver em um espaço social profanado pela história e abandonado por Deus, a morte se insurge como um espelho que reflete os contornos mais luminosos de sua redenção. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
A DESIGNAÇÃO DA SINGULARIDADE NO RESSOAR DO JOGO ENTRE A ESTRUTURA E O ACONTECIMENTO
Authors: Braga Sandro , Meneghel Patrícia Da Silva 
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo discute-se a noção de estrutura e de acontecimento aproximando as perspectivas teóricas propostas por Gilles Deleuze, Michel Pêcheux e Michel Foucault. Além da desses autores, a noção de estruturalidade, de Derrida, é empreendia para a sustentação do argumento de que para existir uma estrutura é preciso haver, antes, o que o autor chama condições para a existência da estrutura, que neste artigo está sendo tratada como arquiestrutura, condição não só para a instauração da estrutura como também do enunciado, do acontecimento e da singularidade. Para isso, percorre-se o percurso teórico-metodológico no intento de pontuar o ingresso da subjetividade na linguagem a partir da perspectiva enunciativa e a abertura para os estudos do discurso. Na sequência, apresenta-se a proposta central deste trabalho buscando-se mostrar como a singularidade é designada no acontecimento que tem como ponto de emergência o enunciado fruto do ressoar da estrutura determinante. As discussões apontam a singularidade como o efeito de real, materializada no enunciado a partir do ressoar entre a estrutura e o acontecimento. Em outros termos, a singularidade está justamente na efetivação do acontecimento, atualizando-o em um contínuo incessante, mas, por outro lado, evadindo-se dele e se prolongando a outros acontecimentos descontínuos. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
DIREITO E ANENCEFALIA NO BRASIL: UMA ABORDAGEM SEMÂNTICO-COGNITIVA DA ADPF 54
Authors: Dos Santos Aline Nardes , Chishman Rove Luiza de Oliveira 
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as diferentes conceptualizações de feto anencéfalo no contexto do processo da Arguição de Preceito Fundamental 54-8 (ADPF 54), cuja decisão final autorizou a interrupção de gravidez de fetos anencefálicos. Como aporte teórico, propõe-se uma articulação entre a Semântica de Frames, na perspectiva dos frames de compreensão (ZIEM, 2014), e o conceito de perfilamento (LANGACKER, 1987; 2008). Como corpus de estudo, foram utilizados acórdão da ADPF 54, bem como as notas taquigráficas que registram os depoimentos das quatro audiências públicas realizadas. Esses dados foram processados pela ferramenta Sketch Engine. Os resultados mostraram que, no processo como um todo, predominam as conceptualizações em que feto anencéfalo é conceptualizado por meio de perfilamentos contra slots como [anomalia], [morte] e [ausência de atividade neurológica], negando-se, ao feto anencéfalo, a proteção jurídica dada a outros fetos por meio da Constituição. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.