bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua en el quinto grado, escuela “Chepita Toledo”, de la comunidad de “Santo Tomas Umbra”, municipio de Waspam, período 2007 – 2008.
Authors: Kittler Frank Rosalfina , Pikitle Charly Virgilio , Miguel Lino Baudilio 
Published: February 2016

El presente trabajo se fundamenta en el aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua en el centro escolar “Chepita Toledo”, municipio de Waspam río Coco. Para la elaboración de este trabajo obtuvimos la información a través de entrevistas, grupos focales a los padres y madres de familia, estudiantes activos de este centro escolar.El estudio es cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico sociolingüístico, porque se describe el estudio de la población de manera general donde influye la cultura, lo social y otros aspectos de la vida cotidiana de una población. Asimismo, para complementar la información sobre el tema se realizaron: grupos focales y entrevistas individuales, a estudiantes, padres y madres de familia, selección bibliográfica, la trascripción e interpretación de las inquietudes de las personas comunitarias. El análisis se efectuó de acuerdo con los objetivos planteados, aplicando el marco teórico y los resultados. Entre los hallazgos: el docente no utiliza metodologías adecuadas durante el proceso de enseñanza, según las expresiones de los padres de familia; el entorno donde se desarrolló el proceso presta las condiciones de infraestructura.
Participación Política de las Mujeres en el Concejo Municipal de Puerto Cabezas desde 1996 al 2004
Authors: Jack Reyna , Barbeyto Arelly 
Published: February 2016

Esta investigación monográfica evalúa la participación de las mujeres en la esfera política del Concejo Municipal de Puerto Cabezas, durante dos períodos: 1996-2000 y 2001-2004.De acuerdo a los resultados, las mujeres concurren como minoría en términos numéricos, también en relación a la calidad de la participación en espacios públicos. Han pasado tres períodos del Concejo Municipal y aún no se cuenta con un espacio donde las mujeres electas o que hayan concluido su período, logren comunicar sus experiencias.En este estudio por primera vez se considera examinar cómo están las mujeres en un campo difícil dominado por los hombres. Uno de los resultados más novedosos se orienta a considerar la pasiva participación en el debate y capacidad propositiva de las mujeres conce­jales del período estudiado. Además, se identificó que tenían escasa experiencia en el campo político, causando una limitada capacidad propositiva en temáticas de beneficio para ellas de acuerdo a su género.Al realizar la revisión de actas del Concejo Municipal de Puerto Cabezas, se evidencia que no hay resoluciones u ordenanzas a favor de las mujeres de forma directa. Así mismo, una vez que las mujeres políticas se enlistan en los partidos para participar de una contienda electoral, tampoco tienen una agenda propia. Una vez electas, se aíslan de las organizaciones de mujeres que les permite el vínculo directo con las demandas de un sector representado por ellas.
SEGUIMIENTO A PROFESIONALES GRADUADOS DE LA URACCAN, GENERACIÓN 2001-2007
Authors: Castillo Letisia , Aragón Mibsam , García Argentina , Dávila Alba Luz , Beltodano Marbel 
Published: February 2016

En evaluación de la excelencia en todo el quehacer de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN), se realizó esta investiga- ción con el objeto de valorar la formación en el nivel de licenciatura y el desempeño profesional de la cohorte generacional 2001-2007. Se encuestaron a 993 profesionales, distribuidos por cada uno de los Recintos Universitarios así: 290 de Las Minas, 253 de Nueva Guinea, 240 de Bilwi y 210 de Bluefields, de un total de 1132, generación que ha egresado de 19 programas de forma- ción profesional. El 68% corresponde al sexo femenino; el 24% pertenece a un pueblo indígena o afrodescendientes de las Regiones Autónomas; el 76% corresponde a la etnia mestiza y la edad promedio es de 37 años. Concerniente a la ocupabilidad de las personas egresadas, el 93% se encuentran empleadas y la mayoría son asalariadas en instituciones del sector estatal donde ejercen funciones principalmente administra- tivas y de docencia. Estos profesionales tienen un alto grado de satisfacción con su preparación y han expresado su agradecimiento a la Universidad.Palabras claves: Seguimiento a profesionales; características de las personas graduadas; fortalezas y debilidades en las carreras cursadas; pertinencia de la formación. CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD Volumen 8, año 4 No. 1 Erero - Julio 2011 pp.11-24
USO Y VALORACIÓN DE LA TORTUGA VERDE (CHELONIA MYDAS) EN LA COMUNIDAD DE AWASTARA
Authors: Cordón Suárez Maritza , Cordón Suárez Enrique 
Published: February 2016

Este estudio se enfocó en los aspectos socioculturales, económicos y legales que intervienen en el aprovechamiento de la tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) en la comunidad indígena miskita de Awastara. Su metodología fue cualitativa y cuantitativa, en el paradigma de la investigación crítico social y el interaccionismo simbólico.Según los registros, el 95 % de la población de Awastara se dedica a la captura de tortugas durante todo el año. Esta práctica no sólo es para asegurar la alimentación comunal; sino también tiene un valor espiritual, es un legado de sus ancestros y a través de esto han preservado su cultura. La visión comunitaria actual no es regularizar la captura, sino integrar la participación comunitaria de forma equitativa.Los sitios de pesca son los Cayos Miskitos, y es la ruta por donde viaja la tortuga desde Norte a Sur. Esta ruta es permanente y de obligatoria estadía para su alimentación y descanso. La captura comunal es de unas 1200 unidades mensuales y el consumo es de 80 y 100 unidades mensuales, el remanente es para abastecer los mercados de Bilwi. Los costos varían de 10,700 a 6,000 córdobas por jornada, con un promedio de20-30 tortugas, lo cual proyecta una utilidad neta promedio de 17,500 córdobas, y por cada tortuga destazada 1,071 córdobas.La mayoría de las leyes y normativas emitidas por el MARENA y otras instancias, están dirigidas a la protección de la tortuga, sin considerar la parte espiritual y cotidiana de la comunidad; no obstante, también existen medidas comunales de protección del recurso con la pesca artesanal.Palabras claves: tortuga; uso; valoración; pesca artesanal; Cayos Miskitos; normativas.CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD Volumen 8, año 4 No. 1 Erero - Julio 2011 pp.112-126
Participación de las mujeres indígenas de Rama Cay, RAAS, en los espacios de toma de decisión
Authors: Wilson Blandford Narda 
Published: February 2016

El estudio ha versado sobre la participación de las mujeres indígenas rama de la comunidad de Rama Cay en los espacios de la toma de decisiones. El objetivo planteado fue comprender la lógica estructural de esta dinámica. Se implementó la metodología cualitativa y se enfocó en la Teoría Crítica, particularmente la que se inscribe en el conocimiento de las reglas implícitas que generan actuación e interpretación. Técnicamente se describe e interpreta la actuación de las mujeres ramas en determinados contextos políticos, lo cual implica necesariamente adentrarse en las esferas del poder. El estudio presenta la situación de la mujer indígena rama de la comunidad de Rama Cay en los espacios de toma de decisiones, las limitantes y los desafíos a fin de lograr una mayor integración y participación cualitativa en estos ámbitos. SummaryThe study is focused on the participation of Rama’s indigenous women from the community of Rama Cay in decision-making spaces. The objective was to understand the structural logic of this dynamic. Qualitative methodology was implemented and it focused on the critical theory, particularly those that are inscribed in the knowledge of the implicit rules that generate action and interpretation. Technically it describes and interprets the performance of the Rama’s women in certain political contexts, which necessarily involves getting inside the spheres of power.The study presents the situation of indigenous women from Rama Cay community in decision-making spaces, as well as the constraints and challenges to achieve greater integration and qualitative participation in these areas.
Transmetric Density Estimation
Authors: Hovda Sigve 
Published: February 2016

<div>A transmetric is a generalization of a metric that is tailored to properties needed in kernel density estimation. Using transmetrics in kernel density estimation is an intuitive way to make assumptions on the kernel of the distribution to improve convergence orders and to reduce the number of dimensions in the graphical display. This framework is required for discussing the estimators that are suggested by Hovda (2014).</div><div> </div><div>Asymptotic arguments for the bias and the mean integrated squared error is difficult in the general case, but some results are given when the transmetric is of the type defined in Hovda (2014). An important contribution of this paper is that the convergence order can be as high as $4/5$, regardless of the number of dimensions.</div>
People living with HIV travel farther to access healthcare: a population‐based geographic analysis from rural Uganda
Authors: Akullian Adam N , Mukose Aggrey , Levine Gillian A , Babigumira Joseph B 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionThe availability of specialized HIV services is limited in rural areas of sub‐Saharan Africa where the need is the greatest. Where HIV services are available, people living with HIV (PLHIV) must overcome large geographic, economic and social barriers to access healthcare. The objective of this study was to understand the unique barriers PLHIV face when accessing healthcare compared with those not living with HIV in a rural area of sub‐Saharan Africa with limited availability of healthcare infrastructure.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 447 heads of household on Bugala Island, Uganda. Multiple linear regression models were used to compare travel time, cost and distance to access healthcare, and log binomial models were used to test for associations between HIV status and access to nearby health services.ResultsPLHIV travelled an additional 1.9 km (95% CI (0.6, 3.2 km), p=0.004) to access healthcare compared with those not living with HIV, and they were 56% less likely to access healthcare at the nearest health facility to their residence, so long as that facility lacked antiretroviral therapy (ART) services (aRR=0.44, 95% CI (0.24 to 0.83), p=0.011). We found no evidence that PLHIV travelled further for care if the nearest facility supplies ART services (aRR=0.95, 95% CI (0.86 to 1.05), p=0.328). Among those who reported uptake of care at one of two facilities on the island that provides ART (81% of PLHIV and 68% of HIV‐negative individuals), PLHIV tended to seek care at a higher tiered facility that provides ART, even when this facility was not their closest facility (30% of PLHIV travelled further than the closest ART facility compared with 16% of HIV‐negative individuals), and travelled an additional 2.2 km (p=0.001) to access that facility, relative to HIV‐negative individuals (aRR=1.91, 95% CI (1.00 to 3.65), p=0.05). Among PLHIV, residential distance was associated with access to facilities providing ART (RR=0.78, 95% CI (0.61 to 0.99), p=0.044, comparing residential distances of 3–5 km to 0–2 km; RR=0.71, 95% CI (0.58 to 0.87), p=0.001, comparing residential distances of 6–10 km to 0–2 km).ConclusionsPLHIV travel longer distances for care, a phenomenon that may be driven by both the limited availability of specialized HIV services and preference for higher tiered facilities.
Solution-processed tBu4-ZnPc:C61 bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Bekalé Laurent , Barazzouk Saïd , Sakai Nobuya , Murakami Takurou , Miyoshi Kozo , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Hotchandani Surat 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic cell employing tetra-tert-butyl zinc phthalocyanine as electron donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61-buturic acid methyl ester as electron acceptor has been fabricated. The effect of TiO
x
cathode interlayer, the weight ratio of donor:acceptor in the photoactive layer, and the thermal annealing of photoactive layer on the performance of the cells were investigated. The results show that the insertion of TiO
x
layer leads to an increase in the photocurrent density of the cells by 11 times compared to those without cathode interlayer. Atomic force microscopy images reveal the formation of well-connected percolated pathways for each phase separated component (donor and acceptor) upon annealing of the film at 150 °C. An important aspect of the present BHJ photovoltaic cell is that it has been obtained by simple wet processes, and most of the fabrication steps have been carried out in ambient air without the use of a glove box.
Cyclotron transition line-width due to interactions with the flexural wave of a phonon confined in a quantum well
Authors: Kang Nam Lyong 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The cyclotron transition line-width for a system of electrons interacting with the flexural wave of phonons confined in a quantum well structure of silicon was calculated using the optical conductivity formula derived by the projection-reduction method. Only a few confined phonons with low energy make a significant contribution to the line-width, which increases with increasing temperature. The well width and magnetic field dependence of the line-width are complicated and the flexural mode contributes to the line-width more strongly than the dilatational mode at low magnetic fields and for small well widths.
Design and experimental verification of low-voltage two-dimensional CMOS electrophoresis platform with 32 × 32 sample/hold cell array
Authors: Yamaji Yuuki , Niitsu Kiichi , Nakazato Kazuo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Electrophoresis is widely used in biomedical applications. However, conventional (centimeter-order) electrophoresis requires a high-voltage power supply, which is not suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT). Electrophoresis is driven by electric fields, and miniaturization (from the centimeter order to the micrometer order) is effective for low-voltage operation. A CMOS platform is a cost-competitive and promising candidate for miniaturization and enables the integration of biomolecule manipulation by electrophoresis and its electrochemical sensing. These features will contribute to the development of a biochemical analyzer called the micro-total analysis system (µ-TAS). To realize a truly portable electrophoresis system, we present the design and experimental verification of a low-voltage (<1 V), two-dimensional CMOS electrophoresis platform with 32 × 32 sample/hold cell array. Experimental results showed successful constant voltage outputs to each electrode. By miniaturizing the electrode structure to a 60 µm pitch, we achieved sufficient electric field strength even at low voltages.
Robustness of fossil fish teeth for seawater neodymium isotope reconstructions under variable redox conditions in an ancient shallow marine setting
Authors: Huck Claire E. , van de Flierdt Tina , Jiménez‐Espejo Francisco J. , Bohaty Steven M. , Röhl Ursula , Hammond Samantha J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFossil fish teeth from pelagic open ocean settings are considered a robust archive for preserving the neodymium (Nd) isotopic composition of ancient seawater. However, using fossil fish teeth as an archive to reconstruct seawater Nd isotopic compositions in different sedimentary redox environments and in terrigenous‐dominated, shallow marine settings is less proven. To address these uncertainties, fish tooth and sediment samples from a middle Eocene section deposited proximal to the East Antarctic margin at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1356 were analyzed for major and trace element geochemistry, and Nd isotopes. Major and trace element analyses of the sediments reveal changing redox conditions throughout deposition in a shallow marine environment. However, variations in the Nd isotopic composition and rare earth element (REE) patterns of the associated fish teeth do not correspond to redox changes in the sediments. REE patterns in fish teeth at Site U1356 carry a typical mid‐REE‐enriched signature. However, a consistently positive Ce anomaly marks a deviation from a pure authigenic origin of REEs to the fish tooth. Neodymium isotopic compositions of cleaned and uncleaned fish teeth fall between modern seawater and local sediments and hence could be authigenic in nature, but could also be influenced by sedimentary fluxes. We conclude that the fossil fish tooth Nd isotope proxy is not sensitive to moderate changes in pore water oxygenation. However, combined studies on sediments, pore waters, fish teeth, and seawater are needed to fully understand processes driving the reconstructed signature from shallow marine sections in proximity to continental sources.
Lithium [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2013]
Authors: Schaller K.H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR)
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Metabolismus und Toxikokinetik

Kritische Toxizität

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Auswahl der Indikatoren

Untersuchungsmethoden

Hintergrundbelastung

Evaluierung

Interpretation
Roots of Typical Consciousness: Implications for Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Rochat Philippe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe chapter aims at providing some background frame regarding what seem to be the basic foundational aspects of healthy representational development or the roots of typical consciousness. Informed by current infancy research literature, changing views on the starting state of typical representational development are discussed. The concept of representation is revisited, a pervasive process of informational transformation at all levels of nature but carrying different meanings. We review some of the empirical facts accumulated in the past 50 years—demonstrating that healthy representational development rests on ready‐made systems of perception and action—and core conceptual heuristics that prepare infants from birth to tap into environmental resources as they survive their prolonged immaturity, which is a unique trademark of our species. The main argument driving the chapter is that the by‐product of infants' starting state perceptual and representational systems is a basic, core experiential sense of self‐unity and self‐agency. Both are necessary preconditions for healthy mental development. Their eventual undoing is associated with deleterious effects seen in many developmental psychopathologies, including autism and schizophrenia.
Peer Relations and Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Prinstein Mitchell J. , Giletta Matteo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPeers provide a context in which child and adolescent development occurs. Peers may right wayward developmental trajectories, buffering the effects of deleterious risk factors. Adverse peer experiences also may distort developmental pathways, contributing to psychopathology. Numerous distinct peer constructs that signal developmental perturbations have been identified and associated with indices of psychopathology. This chapter reviews peer experiences in early childhood (i.e., social withdrawal), school‐age youth (i.e., peer status, peer victimization, and friendship), and adolescence (i.e., peer influence) that are associated with psychological symptoms. This chapter highlights developmental psychopathology approaches for understanding transactions between peer experiences and multiple development systems. New directions for research, integrating affective neuroscience theories, psychophysiology findings, and more complex cascade models of development are discussed. The peer context is highly relevant for understanding psychological and even biological functioning in youth. Ongoing research integrates findings from the peer relations literature with research in related scientific disciplines.
Adolescent/Young Adult Romantic Relationships and Psychopathology
Authors: Davila Joanne , Capaldi Deborah M. , La Greca Annette M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNavigating romantic relationships in adolescence/young adulthood is a normative developmental task that can be both pleasurable and challenging for youth. The success with which one does so is both predicted by and subsequently affects psychological well‐being. This chapter reviews the literature on the associations between psychopathology and youth romantic relationships and experiences. We focus particularly on internalizing and externalizing disorders, for which the bulk of the literature exists. We also cover eating disorders and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as other disorders and issues of comorbidity. Following the reviews of specific disorders and symptoms, we review the emerging literature on psychopathology and same‐sex relationships among youth. We then address key peer and family contexts in which psychopathology and skills for romantic relationships are developing, and we discuss the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology and romantic dysfunction. The chapter closes with discussions of methodological issues and implications for prevention and intervention, emphasizing the need for ongoing basic research that can translate into novel approaches that can treat or prevent youth romantic dysfunction and psychopathology.
What Can Dynamic Systems Models of Development Offer to the Study of Developmental Psychopathology?
Authors: Mascolo Michael F. , van Geert Paul , Steenbeek Henderien , Fischer Kurt W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDynamic systems approaches have much to offer to theory, research and practice in developmental psychopathology. From the standpoint of dynamic systems theory, it is unhelpful to think of psychopathology in terms as a set of fixed forms that lie within individual persons. Instead, patterns of maladaptive behavior are emergent phenomena that arise as a product of multinested coactive elements of a dynamic person–environment system. In this chapter, we illustrate dynamic systems approach through analyses of (1) developmental changes in dissociation that arise from child maltreatment; (2) learning processes and outcomes in children with learning and emotional‐behavioral problems; (3) alternative trajectories in the development of adaptive and maladaptive forms of socioemotional adjustment. Dynamic systems hold integrate insights from diverse ways of studying the development of normative and nonnormative behavior. Dynamic systems theories offer alternative ways to approach the problems of the origins, development, treatment, and prevention of nonnormative patterns of psychological activity.
Person‐Specific Approaches to the Modeling of Intraindividual Variation in Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Rovine Michael J. , Molenaar Peter C. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInvestigators in all areas of developmental research including developmental psychopathology need to consider approaches that truly model intraindividual variation. Many methods that appear on the surface to account for such variability are actually modeling interindividual variability. For statistical approaches like growth curve modeling, even though individual parameters are generated they are based on a single common underlying model. True intraindividual methods model each subject separately and require time‐series data for these approaches. Here, we will consider a broad range of methods and indicate how certain methods are interindividual, while others are truly intraindividual. We will present two real‐data examples to illustrate an intraindividual approach.