bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Markov model for seismic hazard analysis along the Hellenic subduction Zone (Greece)
Authors: Votsi I. , Tsaklidis G. , Limnios N. , Papadimitriou E. , Vallianatos F. 
Published: January 2017

A homogeneous finite–state discrete–time Markov model is applied for the earthquake occurrence in the Hellenic Subduction Zone (Greece), a region accommodating high seismic activity, being a key structure from a seismotectonic point of view. An attempt is made to provide a stochastic representation of the earthquake process and to assess the seismic hazard through the application of the Markov model. The model is applied on a complete data sample comprising strong () eart h-quakes that occurred in the study area since 1911 up to present. The continuous magnitude scale is divided into appropriate intervals to specify discrete states of the model. As the stochastic behavior of the model is governed by its transition probability matrix, we firstly estimate its well–known maximum likelihood estimator. The estimation of the transition probability matrix leads to the estimation of important indicators of the Markov chain, including hitting times and failure rate functions. The mean number of steps for the first occurrence of an anticipated earthquake (belonging to the class with the stronger events, which we are more interested in) is estimated along with its variance. In a next step, we calculate the confidence interval of the aforementioned estimators.
Qualitative precursory pattern before several strong earthquakes in Greece.
Authors: Baskoutas I. , Papadopoulos G. 
Published: January 2017

The temporal variation of the seismicity, based on the analysis of three seismic parameters i.e., number of earthquakes, b-value and energy released, were investigated before several strong earthquakes occurrence in Greece the time period 2000-2008. The seismic parameters estimates were obtained by the means of new tool, suited to analyze earthquake catalogue, and visualize their spatio-temporalvariation behaviour. The seismic data used were taken from the earthquake catalogue of the Geodynamic Institute of National Observatory of Athens, Greece. The obtained temporal variation series shows significant changes around their relative mean values, which specific phases can be related to the strong earthquakes preparation stages. This relation shows remarkable temporal regularity so that itcan be establish considered as a precursor seismicity pattern. These results suggest that identification of this behaviour, by the continuous monitoring of the temporal variation of the seismic parameters, can contribute to the assessment of the current seismic hazard and to the impending strong earthquake parameters evaluation, in a given area.
Ground deformation measurements over Lake Trichonis based on SAR interferometry.
Authors: Benekos G. , Parcharidis I. , Foumelis M. , Ganas A. 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study is to detect and measure ground deformation over the broader area of Lake Trichonis (Western Greece), focusing mainly on the April 2007 earthquake swarm which occurred at the vicinity of the Lake. The area, forming a pull-apart basin, presented historically an intense seismic activity along the two active normal faults at the northern and southern part of the Lake. The swarminitiated by small magnitude events on the 8th of April 2007 followed by the three strongest events of the entire sequence on the 10th of April 2007, with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 5.2 Mw. The seismic activity continued for longer with smaller seismic events. Based on seismological data this activity was attributed to two unmapped NW SE trending normal faults that bounds the SE bank of the Lake. Using a dataset of 28 ENVISAT ASAR scenes covering the period from February 2003 until February 2010 (~7 yr), different Interferometric Stacking techniques was applied in order to quantify the ground deformation induced by the earthquake swarm as well as its effect on the inter-seismic deformation pattern of the area. Our results indicate that co-seismic motion differs significantly from that observedduring the pre- and post- swarm periods. The co-seismic pattern reveals subsidence at the northern and uplift at the southern lake sides, consistent with the structural model already proposed for the area. For the pre- and post-seismic periods both sides of the Lake show stability or low rates of subsidence with higher deformationvelocity rates for the period after the seismic activity, possibly attributed to postseismic relaxation. Our findings imply that inter-seismic ground deformation does not necessary follow the deformation pattern observed during seismic triggering, thus, long-term geodetic observations such as those provided by SAR interferometry are valuable in order to fully characterize the geodynamic behavior of an active region.
Spatio-temporal earthquake clustering in the Western Corinth Gulf
Authors: Karagianni E. , Paradisopoulou P. , Karakostas V. 
Published: January 2017

Corinth Gulf has been studied, thoroughly using multidisciplinary approaches (geological, seismological, geodetic etc), which revealed its complicated tectonic behaviour. In the last five years or more, an intense continuous microseismic activity is observed in the westernmost part of the gulf covering the area from west of Aigio tothe area west of Rio Antirrio strait, near the city of Patras. Aiming to study in detail the properties of this microseismic manifestation, the recordings of the Hellenic Unified Seismological Network (HUSN) are used to accurately determine the focal coordinates of earthquakes with magnitudes M=1.5 or more. Relocation was performed using the HYPOINVERSE program, for all available data for the period 2010-2011 when earthquakes up to magnitude M=5.5 occurred. The space time plot of the epicentres shows that seismicity is not random in the area but formed distinctive clusters, indicating an E-W striking seismic zone whose patches are successively activated for certain periods. The present work deals with the investigation of spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity with the intention to examine the migration ofseismicity and multi-segment activation.
Chemical Functionalization of Graphene Family Members
Authors: Vacchi Isabella Anna , Ménard-Moyon Cécilia , Bianco Alberto 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Thanks to their outstanding physicochemical properties, graphene and its derivatives are interesting nanomaterials with a high potential in several fields. Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide, however, differ partially in their characteristics due to their diverse surface composition. Those differences influence the chemical reactivity of these materials. In the following chapter the reactivity and main functionalization reactions performed on graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide are discussed. A part is also dedicated to the main analytical techniques used for characterization of these materials. Functionalization of graphene and its derivatives is highly important to modulate their characteristics and design graphene-based conjugates with novel properties. Functionalization can be covalent by forming strong and stable bonds with the graphene surface, or non-covalent via π–π, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and/or van der Waals interactions. Both types of functionalization are currently exploited.
Inactivation of the Prelimbic Cortex Attenuates Context-Dependent Operant Responding
Authors: Trask Sydney , Shipman Megan L. , Green John T. , Bouton Mark E. 
Published: January 2017

Operant responding in rats provides an analog to voluntary behavior in humans and is used to study maladaptive behaviors, such as overeating, drug taking, or relapse. In renewal paradigms, extinguished behavior recovers when tested outside the context where extinction was learned. Inactivation of the prelimbic (PL) region of the medial prefrontal cortex by baclofen/muscimol (B/M) during testing attenuates renewal when tested in the original acquisition context after extinction in another context (ABA renewal). Two experiments tested the hypothesis that the PL is important in context-dependent responding learned during conditioning. In the first, rats learned to lever-press for a sucrose-pellet reward. Following acquisition, animals were infused with either B/M or vehicle in the PL and tested in the acquisition context (A) and in a different context (B). All rats showed a decrement in responding when switched from Context A to Context B, but PL inactivation decreased responding only in Context A. Experiment 2a examined the effects of PL inactivation on ABC renewal in the same rats. Here, following reacquisition of the response, responding was extinguished in a new context (C). Following infusions of B/M or vehicle in the PL, responding was tested in Context C and another new context (D). The rats exhibited ACD renewal regardless of PL inactivation. Experiment 2b demonstrated that PL inactivation attenuated the ABA renewal effect in the same animals, replicating earlier results and demonstrating that cannulae were still functional. The results suggest that, rather than attenuating renewal generally, PL inactivation specifically affects ABA renewal by reducing responding in the conditioning context.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExtinguished operant behavior can recover (“renew”) when tested outside the extinction context. This suggests that behaviors, such as overeating or drug taking, might be especially prone to relapse following treatment. In rats, inactivation of the prelimbic cortex (PL) attenuates renewal. However, we report that PL inactivation after training attenuates responding in the context in which responding was acquired, but not in another one. A similar inactivation has no impact on renewal when testing occurs in a new, rather than the original, context following extinction. The PL thus has a more specific role in controlling contextually dependent operant behavior than has been previously reported.
Traditional Land Practice and Forest Conservation: Case Study of The Manggarai Tribe in Ruteng Mountains, Indonesia
Authors: Iswandono Elisa - , Zuhud Ervizal A.M. , Hikmat Agus , Kosmaryandi Nandi 
Published: January 2017

Conservation of mountain forests in the tropics will be successful if the interests of local communities to be considered in the management. Indigenous system of forest management for the sustainable use is the most appropriate for better understand to the environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyze the traditional land management by Manggarai communities and integrate them into forest conservation. This research is a qualitative ethnographic approach. Qualitative data in 2014 obtained through observation, interviews, data from relevant agencies and related literature. The results showed that the Manggarai community has been practicing traditional land management and sustainable use zoning system. Indigenous land use practice is done by considering the sustainability and preventing land degradation.
Problems, Challenges and Prospects of Indonesian Muslim Community in Sydney for Promoting Tolerance
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad , Arifin Achmad Zainal , Wajdi Firdaus 
Published: January 2017

This paper elucidates a map of Indonesian Muslim communities around Sydney in order to observe the possibility to promote a moderate and tolerance of Indonesian Islam worldwide. Indonesian Muslims who live in Australia are relatively small if we consider that we are the closer neighbor of Australia and have the biggest Muslim populations in the world. Most Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney are in a form of kelompok pengajian (Islamic study group), which is commonly based on ethnicity, regionalism (province and regency), and religious affiliation with Indonesian Islamic groups. The main problems of Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney are an ambiguous identity, laziness integration, and dream to home country. Most Indonesian Muslim diaspora in Sydney only consider Australia as the land for making money. Therefore, their inclusion to Australian community is just being “Indonesian Muslim in Australia” and it seems hard for them to be “Australian Muslim”, especially in the case of those who already changed to be Australian citizens. This kind of diaspora attitude differs from Muslims Diasporas from the Middle East and South Asia countries who are mostly ready to be fully Australian Muslim. Naturally, most Indonesian Muslim communities put their emphasis to develop their community based on social needs and try to avoid political idea of Islamism. In this case, the Indonesian government, through the Indonesian Consulate in Sydney, has great resources to promote moderate and tolerant views of Indonesian Islam to other Muslim communities, as well as to Western media. In optimizing resources of Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney to envoy Indonesian cultures and policies, it is necessary for Indonesian government to have a person with integrated knowledge on Islamic Studies who are working officially under the Indonesian consulate in Sydney. It is based on the fact that most Indonesian Muslim communities needs a patron from the government to manage and soften some differences among them, especially related to problems of identities, as well as to link them with the wider Australian communities.
Al-Ṭarīqah wa al-ḥarakah al-iḥtijājīyah al-ijtimā‘īyah bi Jawa fī al-qarn al-tāsi‘ ‘ashar: Al-Shaykh Aḥmad al-Rifā‘ī Kalisalak Namūdhajan
Authors: Islam M. Adib Misbachul 
Published: January 2017

This article delves into a manuscript of Nazam Tarekat written by Kiai Ahmad ar-Rifai Kalisalak. So far, there has been no study related to Kiai Ahmad ar-Rifai Kalisalak which used Nazam Tarekat as the primary source. The research on this manuscript and its social context highlights the special nature of Kiai Ahmad ar-Rifai’s teachings on Sufism, such as his attitude toward Javanese traditional leaders who have abandoned morality. The other special feature of his teachings on Sufism is that they show the determination of alim adil based on fiqh as the qualification for Sufi teachers. The analysis of this alim adil concept as the qualification for Sufi teachers, put into the dynamics of socio-religious movements in 19th century Java, reveals that besides being a qualification for teachers of Sufism, alim adil also became the ideology for the social protest movement against Dutch colonialization in Java. The strength of the fiqh factor in the concept of alim adil indicates that Kiai Ahmad ar-Rifai Kalisalak’s movement was far from messianic-millenarianism.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i3.3716
Democratización y campo policial: nuevos consensos, cambios estructurales y mutaciones organizacionales en las policías de Chile (1990-2005)
Authors: Hathazy Paul 
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo explico los cambios organizaciones en las policías de Chile en la primera década de democracia. Teniendo en cuenta el sistema de fuerzas policiales y el complejo de agentes que conforman lo que llamo, siguiendo la teoría de campos de Bourdieu, el campo policial, aquí analizo como, en la primer década de democracia se gestó un nuevo consenso sobre las funciones policiales y como se institucionalizó en nuevas doctrinas y modos de despliegue de las policías de Chile, Carabineros de Chile y la Policía de Investigaciones. Analizo el origen de las demandas de cambio y el modo en que las estructuras históricas de relaciones entre agentes políticos e instituciones policiales y las luchas al interior del campo policial llevaron a la transformación doctrinal y organizacional de ambas fuerzas. Distintos mecanismos produjeron el cambio en cada organización policial en línea con la nueva ortodoxia democrática en función de las distintas posiciones de cada fuerza en el campo policial y de sus distintas relaciones de autonomía respecto del poder ejecutivo .
¿Legados dictatoriales? Instituciones y prácticas policiales entre pasado y presente en América del Sur
Authors: Sozzo Máximo 
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo pretende abordar la cuestión de los legados dictatoriales en las instituciones y practicas policiales en América del Sur. Se identifican dos elementos fundamentales: la militarización y la marginalización de la ley. Luego, se exploran algunas de sus manifestaciones cruciales y como han sido enfrentadas en algunos contextos en el marco de las luchas políticas en torno a la transición a la democracia y los resultados que se han generado. Se utilizan ejemplos del caso de Argentina. Concluye con una reflexión sobre la cuestión de los legados dictatoriales, su relación con el pasado remoto y sus metamorfosis en las prácticas e instituciones policiales contemporáneas.
Consciência fonológica na alfabetização de jovens e adultos: como esta relação é concebida pelos alfabetizadores
Authors: Juchem Luiza De Salles , Bolzan Doris Pires Vargas 
Published: January 2017

Alfabetizar jovens e adultos abrange variados aspectos biopsicossociais, desafiando a formação dos alfabetizadores para enfrentarem as adversidades que surgem. Ao mesmo tempo, as especificidades relativas ao funcionamento do sistema de escrita alfabética urgem ser exploradas nesse processo de alfabetização. Dentre elas, chamamos a atenção para a consciência fonológica, a qual possibilita ao alfabetizando compreender as relações entre a escrita e os sons que fala. Assim, visamos problematizar concepções de cinco alfabetizadores acerca da consciência fonológica no processo de alfabetização de jovens e adultos. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, baseadas em uma abordagem narrativa sociocultural, realizamos a análise das narrativas e evidenciamos que as concepções dos alfabetizadores são permeadas por uma incipiência teórico-metodológica, que os leva a protelar o trabalho metalinguístico (espera) e, quando promovem atividades dessa natureza, baseiam-se na empiria, improviso e ausência de planejamento (tateamento). Ainda assim, observamos que reconhecem a importância da consciência fonológica à alfabetização de jovens e adultos (valorização). Ressaltamos a necessidade de conhecimentos do campo da linguística, incluindo a consciência fonológica, fazerem parte do rol formativo de alfabetizadores de jovens e adultos, com vistas a uma efetiva aprendizagem sobre funcionamento do sistema de escrita alfabética por esse grupo de estudantes.
Contribuições para uma internacionalização da educação superior desde e para América Latina. A experiência da UNILA e da ELAM
Authors: Abba Maria Julieta , Corsetti Berenice 
Published: January 2017

O trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre uma internacionalização da educação superior desde e para a América Latina, mediante o estudo das experiências da Universidade Federal para a Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), localizada em Foz de Iguaçu, Brasil, e da Escola Latino-americana de Medicina (ELAM), localizada em Havana, Cuba. Deste modo, buscamos problematizar a temática da internacionalização através da tensão entre duas perspectivas teóricas: uma hegemônica e outra em construção. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido a partir da análise de documentos e da produção bibliográfica sobre a internacionalização, a UNILA e a ELAM. O texto está organizado em quatro partes. Na primeira, analisamos diversas perspectivas da internacionalização da educação superior, detectadas mediante a evisão bibliográfica da pesquisa. Em segundo lugar, caracterizamos uma perspectiva da internacionalização, que consideramos em construção, formulada desde e para a América Latina. Num terceiro momento, apresentamos duas experiências de internacionalização que se inserem nesta última perspectiva emergente. Finalmente, expomos algumas considerações e reflexões sobre o trabalhado ao longo do texto, e apontamos os principais desafios a serem enfrentados por estas duas instituições no que diz respeito à promoção da internacionalização desde e para América Latina.
Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of CoCrPt Thin Films Investigated Using Single-Crystal Perpendicular Magnetic Thin Film Samples
Authors: Futamoto Masaaki , Terayama Kouta , Sato Katsuaki , Inaba Nobuyuki , Hirayama Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConditions to prepare good single-crystal CoCrPt magnetic thin film with the easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the film plane were investigated using oxide single-crystal substrates, Al2O3(0001), LaAlO3(0001), mica(0001), SrTiO3(111), and MgO(111). The best CoCrPt(0001) single-crystal thin film was obtained on an Al2O3(0001) substrate employing a non-magnetic CoCrRu underlayer. The crystallographic quality of single-crystal thin film was investigated using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Some intrinsic magnetic properties (Hk, Ku) were determined for the single-crystal CoCrxPty thin films for a compositional range of x=17-20at% and y=0-17at%.
In-Situ Studies of Silicide Formation in Ti-Ta Bilayer Thin Films on Poly-Si
Authors: Özcan A. S. , Ludwig K. F. , Lavoie C. , Cabral C. , Harper J. M. E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe have studied the formation of titanium silicides in the presence of an ultra-thin layer of Ta, interposed between Ti and Si. In-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD), resistance measurements and elastic light scattering were used to study the thin film reactions in real time during ramp anneals to 1000°C. On poly-Si substrates the Ta thickness was varied from 0 to 1.5 nm while the Ti thickness was held constant at ∼27 nm. The time-resolved XRD shows that the volume fraction of C40 and metal-rich silicide phases grows with increasing Ta layer thickness. Increased Ta layer thicknesses also delay the growth of the C49 disilicide phase to higher temperatures. Among the Ta thicknesses we examined, 0.3 nm is the most effective in lowering the C49-C54 transformation temperature. Films with Ta layers thicker than 0.5 nm do not completely transform into the C54 phase. The texture of the C54 phase is also sensitive to the Ta thickness. The C54 disilicide film is predominantly (010) textured for the Ti / 0.3 nm Ta sample. The final C54 texture is significantly different for Ta layers thinner or thicker than the optimal 0.3 nm. This suggests that the most effective thickness for lowering the C54 formation temperature is related to the development of a strong (010) texture. The possibility of a template effect by the C40 or metal-rich Ti5Si3 phases is also discussed on the basis of texture considerations.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Copper Thin Film Growth on β-Ta (002) Substrate
Authors: Li Youhong , Adams James B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTantalum can be used both as a diffusion barrier and an adhesion layer for copper metallization for semiconductor devices. Experiments show that β-Ta (200) substrates promote (111) texture growth in copper films. In this study, we first create an embedded atom method (EAM) Cu-Ta potential developed by our force matching method (FMM); then the potential is used for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of initial copper thin film growth on β-Ta substrates. Both Cu/Ta interfacial structures and copper film structure are investigated. The relevance to (111) texturing is discussed.