bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caecal bascule: a case series and literature review
Authors: Park Jin‐Soo , Ng Kheng‐Seong , Young Christopher J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundCaecal bascule is a rare condition characterized by the inferior pole of the caecum folding on a horizontal axis antero‐superiorly towards the ascending colon, potentially causing obstruction. An unusual variant of volvulus, diagnosis is challenging due to its obscurity. We present the experience of an Australian tertiary‐referral hospital with the diagnosis/management of caecal bascule, and review cases reported in the literature to raise awareness of this uncommon diagnosis.MethodsMedical records of patients diagnosed with caecal bascule during 2001–2016 were reviewed. Data relating to their presentation, investigations, management and outcomes were obtained. A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Medline databases.ResultsCaecal bascule was diagnosed in four patients (median age: 60.5 (range: 48–75) years, two females). Patients presented with abdominal pain (4/4), distension (3/4), vomiting (3/4) and confusion (1/4) over a 1‐ to 4‐day period. Computed tomography identified caecal displacement in three cases, and bascule was diagnosed at laparotomy in all cases. All patients underwent right hemicolectomy, with primary ileo‐colic anastomosis in three cases and formation of Abcarian stoma in one case. Median length of stay was 15.5 days (range: 10–24), with no mortality. Fifteen cases of caecal bascule have been reported in the literature to date, with authors suggesting resection as definitive treatment.ConclusionCorrect diagnosis of caecal bascule requires a high index of suspicion and avoids delay of appropriate management. Recent operation, particularly laparoscopic cholecystectomy, may be contributing factors. Resection is recommended, a sentiment echoed by reported cases in the literature.
Effects of ranolazine in a model of doxorubicin‐induced left ventricle diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Cappetta Donato , Esposito Grazia , Coppini Raffaele , Piegari Elena , Russo Rosa , Ciuffreda Loreta Pia , Rivellino Alessia , Santini Lorenzo , Rafaniello Concetta , Scavone Cristina , Rossi Francesco , Berrino Liberato , Urbanek Konrad , De Angelis Antonella 
Published: March 2017

Background and PurposeDoxorubicin is a highly effective anticancer drug, but its clinical application is hampered by cardiotoxicity. Asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction can be the earliest manifestation of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Therefore, a search for therapeutic intervention that can interfere with early manifestations and possibly prevent later development of cardiotoxicity is warranted. Increased doxorubicin‐dependent ROS may explain, in part, Ca2+ and Na+ overload that contributes to diastolic dysfunction and development of heart failure. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of ranolazine, a selective blocker of late Na+ current, immediately after completing doxorubicin therapy, could affect diastolic dysfunction and interfere with the progression of functional decline.Experimental ApproachFischer 344 rats received a cumulative dose of doxorubicin of 15 mg·kg−1 over a period of 2 weeks. After the assessment of diastolic dysfunction, the animals were treated with ranolazine (80 mg·kg−1, daily) for the following 4 weeks.Key ResultsWhile diastolic and systolic function progressively deteriorated in doxorubicin‐treated animals, treatment with ranolazine relieved diastolic dysfunction and prevented worsening of systolic function, decreasing mortality. Ranolazine lowered myocardial NADPH oxidase 2 expression and oxidative/nitrative stress. Expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 and Nav 1.5 channels was reduced and of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase 2 protein was increased. In addition, ranolazine lowered doxorubicin‐induced hyper‐phosphorylation and oxidation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, and decreased myocardial fibrosis.Conclusions and ImplicationsRanolazine, by the increased Na+ influx, induced by doxorubicin, altered cardiac Ca2+ and Na+ handling and attenuated diastolic dysfunction induced by doxorubicin, thus preventing the progression of cardiomyopathy.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc
Ethnic Identity Development and Acculturation Preferences Among Minority and Majority Youth: Norms and Contact
Authors: González Roberto , Lickel Brian , Gupta Manisha , Tropp Linda R. , Luengo Kanacri Bernadette P. , Mora Eduardo , De Tezanos‐Pinto Pablo , Berger Christian , Valdenegro Daniel , Cayul Oscar , Miranda Daniel , Saavedra Patricio , Bernardino Michelle 
Published: March 2017

This article tests a longitudinal model of the antecedents and consequences of changes in identification with indigenous (Mapuche) among indigenous and nonindigenous youth in Chilean school contexts over a 6‐month period (633 nonindigenous and 270 Mapuche students, Mages = 12.47 and 12.80 years, respectively). Results revealed that in‐group norms supporting contact and quality of intergroup contact at Time 1 predicted student's changes in Mapuche identification at Time 2, which in turn predicted changes in support for adoption of Chilean culture and maintenance of Mapuche culture at Time 2; some of the relationships between these variables were found to be moderated by age and ethnicity. Conceptual and policy implications are addressed in the Discussion.
Non-neutralizing epitopes induce robust hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific antibody-dependent CD56+ natural killer cell responses in chronic HCV-infected patients
Authors: Long L , Jia M , Fan X , Liang H , Wang J , Zhu L , Xie Z , Shen T 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (NK-ADCC) is of considerable interest in viral infection. However, little is known about NK-ADCC responses in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, impaired non-specific antibody-dependent CD56+ NK cell responses were observed in chronic HCV infection, as shown by decreased degranulation (extracellular CD107a expression) and interferon (IFN)-γ production in response to antibody-bound P815 cells. A peptide pool composed of epitopes recognized by anti-HCV-E1/E2 antibodies could induce pronounced HCV-specific antibody-dependent NK cell responses in sera from approximately half the chronic HCV carriers. Additionally, HCV-specific epitopes with the capacity to induce robust NK-ADCC activity were identified. Five linear NK-ADCC epitopes (aa211-aa217, aa384-aa391, aa464-aa475, aa544-aa551 and aa648-aa659 of the HCV envelope) were identified and do not overlap with putative linear neutralizing epitopes. This study revealed the dysfunctional characteristics of antibody-dependent CD56+ NK cell responses in chronic HCV carriers. The key non-neutralizing NK-ADCC epitopes identified in this study may act as new targets for immunological intervention.
Efficient and Reliable Self‐Collision Culling Using Unprojected Normal Cones
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Liu Zhihua , Tang Min , Tong Ruofeng , Manocha Dinesh 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present an efficient and accurate algorithm for self‐collision detection in deformable models. Our approach can perform discrete and continuous collision queries on triangulated meshes. We present a simple and linear time algorithm to perform the normal cone test using the unprojected 3D vertices, which reduces to a sequence point‐plane classification tests. Moreover, we present a hierarchical traversal scheme that can significantly reduce the number of normal cone tests and the memory overhead using front‐based normal cone culling. The overall algorithm can reliably detect all (self) collisions in models composed of hundreds of thousands of triangles. We observe considerable performance improvement over prior continuous collision detection algorithms.
Marginal ulcers after one anastomosis (mini) gastric bypass: a survey of surgeons
Authors: Mahawar K. K. , Reed A. N. , Graham Y. N. H. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMany surgeons believe that one anastomosis (mini) gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB) is associated with a high marginal ulcer (MU) rate and that this is associated with complications in a significant number of patients. The purpose of this survey was to find out the participant‐reported incidence of MU after OAGB/MGB and its complications. We also aimed to understand practices in this cohort concerning prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment and management of complications. Bariatric surgeons who perform OAGB/MGB procedures were invited to participate in a confidential, online survey using SurveyMonkey®. A total of 86 surgeons performing OAGB/MGB procedures participated in the survey. The total number of OAGB/MGB procedures reported was 27 672, revealing 622 MU, giving an MU rate of 2.24 %. Most participants (69/84, 82.4%) routinely use proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prophylaxis, but there was variation in drugs, dosages and duration. The majority (49/85, 57.6%) of participants ‘always’ use endoscopy for diagnosis, and 48.1% (39/81) ‘always’ perform an endoscopy to ensure healing. Most (49/55) perforated ulcers were treated with laparoscopic repair +/− omentoplasty +/− drainage. Most (55/59, 93.0%) of the bleeding ulcers were managed with PPI +/− blood transfusions +/− endoscopic intervention (23/59, 39.0%). Non‐healing ulcers were treated by conversion to Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 46.5% of patients (n = 20/43). The participants did not report any MU‐related mortality but described a number of risk factors for it. This survey is the first detailed attempt to understand the incidence of MU following OAGB/MGB; its complications; and practices concerning prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment and management of complications.
Applying a New Ensemble Approach to Estimating Stock Status of Marine Fisheries around the World
Authors: Rosenberg Andrew A. , Kleisner Kristin M. , Afflerbach Jamie , Anderson Sean C. , Dickey‐Collas Mark , Cooper Andrew B. , Fogarty Michael J. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Gutiérrez Nicolás L. , Hyde Kimberly J.W. , Jardim Ernesto , Jensen Olaf P. , Kristiansen Trond , Longo Catherine , Minte‐Vera Carolina V. , Minto Cóilín , Mosqueira Iago , Osio Giacomo Chato , Ovando Daniel , Selig Elizabeth R. , Thorson James T. , Walsh Jessica C. , Ye Yimin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe exploitation status of marine fisheries stocks worldwide is of critical importance for food security, ecosystem conservation, and fishery sustainability. Applying a suite of data‐limited methods to global catch data, combined through an ensemble modeling approach, we provide quantitative estimates of exploitation status for 785 fish stocks. Fifty‐three percent (414 stocks) are below BMSYand of these, 265 are estimated to be below 80% of the BMSYlevel. While the 149 stocks above 80% of BMSYare conventionally considered “fully exploited,” stocks staying at this level for many years, forego substantial yield. Our results enable managers to consider more detailed information than simply a categorization of stocks as “fully” or “over” exploited. Our approach is reproducible, allows consistent application to a broad range of stocks, and can be easily updated as new data become available. Applied on an ongoing basis, this approach can provide critical, more detailed information for resource management for more exploited fish stocks than currently available.
Uptake of wheel‐filtration among clients of a supervised injecting facility: Can structured education work?
Authors: Steele Maureen , Silins Edmund , Flaherty Ian , Hiley Sarah , van Breda Nick , Jauncey Marianne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWheel‐filtration of pharmaceutical opioid tablets is a recognised harm reduction strategy, but uptake of the practice among people who inject drugs is low. The study aimed to: (i) examine perceptions of filtration practices; (ii) provide structured education on wheel‐filtration; and (iii) assess uptake of the practice.Design and MethodsFrequent opioid tablet injectors (n = 30) attending a supervised injecting facility in Sydney, Australia, received hands‐on instruction on wheel‐filtration based on recommended practice. Pre‐education, post‐education and follow‐up questionnaires were administered.ResultsWheel‐filtration was generally regarded as better than cotton‐filtration (the typical method) in terms of perceived effects on health, ease of use and overall drug effect. Sixty‐eight percent of those who said they would try wheel‐filtration after the education had actually done so. Of those who usually used cotton‐filtration, over half (60%) had used wheel‐filtration two weeks later.Discussion and ConclusionsUptake of safer preparation methods for pharmaceutical opioid tablets increases after structured education in wheel‐filtration. Findings suggest that SIFs are an effective site for this kind of education. Supervised injecting facility workers are uniquely positioned to provide harm reduction education at the time of injection. [Steele M, Silins E, Flaherty I, Hiley S, van Breda N, Jauncey M. Uptake of wheel‐filtration among clients of a supervised injecting facility: Can structured education work? Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:116–120]
Widespread latent infection of Cryptostroma corticale in asymptomatic Acer pseudoplatanus as a risk for urban plantations
Authors: Kelnarová I. , Černý K. , Zahradník D. , Koukol O. 
Published: March 2017

SummarySooty bark disease (SBD) caused by the pathogen Cryptostroma corticale is currently one of the risks to the population of Acer pseudoplatanus in Europe. After a number of records of symptomatic and dead trees in Prague, assessment of the latent non‐symptomatic stage of SBD was questioned as a means to forecast the health risk of the A. pseudoplatanus population. We used two methods of early detection of C. corticale in non‐symptomatic trees: cultivation from wood tissue on agar plates and a culture‐free approach based on nested PCR with newly designed species‐specific primers. The pathogen was detected in 25% of 112 examined trees from seven localities in Prague, but the disease incidence might be higher if more A. pseudoplatanus trees in Prague were included and if the crown infections were considered. The presence of C. corticale was positively correlated with discoloured wood, but its presence did not depend on the occurrence of external symptoms. Infected trees were more frequently found in groups on steep sites at higher elevations. In addition, heavier NOx pollution combined with more paths and roads increased the incidence of C. corticale.
Evaluating the psychosocial impact of hemophilia B: The Bridging Hemophilia B Experiences, Results and Opportunities into Solutions (B‐HERO‐S) study
Authors: Sidonio Robert , Holot Natalia , Cooper David L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe needs of individuals living with hemophilia B, especially those with mild or moderate hemophilia and affected females, are not well understood. The Bridging Hemophilia B Experiences, Results and Opportunities into Solutions (B‐HERO‐S) initiative was developed in an effort to obtain greater insights into the unique issues and challenges faced by those with hemophilia B. This study explored the impact of hemophilia B on education, employment, engagement in physical activities and other psychosocial aspects of the lives of affected individuals and their families. The B‐HERO‐S findings reveal a number of unmet needs in the hemophilia B population, and these results may be leveraged to inform patient outreach and education initiatives.
High N, dry: Experimental nitrogen deposition exacerbates native shrub loss and nonnative plant invasion during extreme drought
Authors: Valliere Justin M. , Irvine Irina C. , Santiago Louis , Allen Edith B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHotter, longer, and more frequent global change‐type drought events may profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystems by triggering widespread vegetation mortality. However, severe drought is only one component of global change, and ecological effects of drought may be compounded by other drivers, such as anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and nonnative plant invasion. Elevated N deposition, for example, may reduce drought tolerance through increased plant productivity, thereby contributing to drought‐induced mortality. High N availability also often favors invasive, nonnative plant species, and the loss of woody vegetation due to drought may create a window of opportunity for these invaders. We investigated the effects of multiple levels of simulated N deposition on a Mediterranean‐type shrubland plant community in southern California from 2011 to 2016, a period coinciding with an extreme, multiyear drought in the region. We hypothesized that N addition would increase native shrub productivity, but that this would increase susceptibility to drought and result in increased shrub loss over time. We also predicted that N addition would favor nonnatives, especially annual grasses, leading to higher biomass and cover of these species. Consistent with these hypotheses, we found that high N availability increased native shrub canopy loss and mortality, likely due to the higher productivity and leaf area and reduced water‐use efficiency we observed in shrubs subject to N addition. As native shrub cover declined, we also observed a concomitant increase in cover and biomass of nonnative annuals, particularly under high levels of experimental N deposition. Together, these results suggest that the impacts of extended drought on shrubland ecosystems may be more severe under elevated N deposition, potentially contributing to the widespread loss of native woody species and vegetation‐type conversion.
The effect of engagement in an HIV/AIDS integrated health programme on plasma HIV‐1 RNA suppression among HIV‐positive people who use illicit drugs: a marginal structural modelling analysis
Authors: Ti L , Dong H , Kerr T , Turje RB , Parashar S , Min JE , Montaner J , Wood E , Milloy M‐J 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesHIV treatment‐as‐prevention campaigns emphasize early diagnosis and immediate access to care and antiretroviral therapy for HIV‐positive individuals in order to increase levels of plasma HIV RNA viral load (VL) suppression. However, the possible role of harm reduction‐based programmes in this objective has not yet been well evaluated. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between being a client of the Dr. Peter Centre (DPC; an HIV/AIDS‐focused adult integrated health programme) and VL suppression among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)‐exposed HIV‐positive people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, Canada.MethodsData were derived from the AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services (ACCESS) study, a study of a community‐recruited cohort of HIV‐positive PWUD. A marginal structural model using inverse probability of treatment weights was used to estimate the longitudinal relationship between being a DPC client and exhibiting a VL < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL plasma.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2014, 746 HAART‐exposed participants were included in the study, of whom 269 (36.1%) reported being a DPC client at some time during the study period. A marginal structural model estimated a 1.54 greater odds of achieving VL suppression (95% confidence interval 1.20–1.99) among DPC clients.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that participating in an innovative HIV/AIDS‐focused adult integrated health programme that provides a broad range of clinical, harm reduction, and support services may contribute to optimizing the benefits of HAART in terms of morbidity, mortality and viral transmission among PWUD, and as a result help to fulfill the goals of the treatment‐as‐prevention strategy.
Post‐fledging survival of Little Owls Athene noctua in relation to nestling food supply
Authors: Perrig Marco , Grüebler Martin U. , Keil Herbert , Naef‐Daenzer Beat 
Published: March 2017

Among the range of determinants of post‐fledging survival in altricial birds, the energy supply to the growing juveniles is likely to play a central role. However, the exact mechanisms shaping post‐fledging survival are poorly understood. Using a food supplementation experiment, we determined the effect of variation in food supply on the survival of juvenile Little Owls Athene noctua from hatching to 2 months post‐fledging. Experimental broods were food‐supplemented for 36 days during the nestling and the early post‐fledging period. The fate of 307 juveniles (95 of them provided with extra food) was determined by nest monitoring and radiotelemetry. In unsupplemented birds, the rates of survival measured at 5‐day intervals were lowest during the nestling stage, remained low during the early post‐fledging stage and steadily increased after about 2 weeks post‐fledging. Food supplementation substantially increased nestling survival, but we detected no direct treatment effect on post‐fledging survival. Instead, we found a strong indirect effect of food supplementation, in that fledglings of good physical condition had markedly higher chances of surviving the post‐fledging period compared with those in poor condition. Experimental food supplementation increased survival over the first 3 months from 45% to 64.6%. This suggests that energy reserves built up during the nestling stage influence post‐fledging survival and ultimately parental reproductive output. The low nestling and post‐fledging survival shows that the early life‐history stages constitute a crucial bottleneck of reproductive ecology in Little Owls. The strong treatment effects on the number of independent offspring indicate that natural variation in food supply is an important determinant of spatio‐temporal patterns in Little Owl demography.
The effectiveness of familiar auditory stimulus on hospitalized neonates' physiologic responses to procedural pain
Authors: Azarmnejad Elham , Sarhangi Forogh , Javadi Mahrooz , Rejeh Nahid , Amirsalari Susan , Tadrisi Seyed Davood 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHospitalized neonates usually undergo different painful procedures. This study sought to test the effects of a familiar auditory stimulus on the physiologic responses to pain of venipuncture among neonates in intensive care unit. The study design is quasi‐experimental. The randomized clinical trial study was done on 60 full‐term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between March 20 to June 20, 2014. The neonates were conveniently selected and randomly allocated to the control and the experimental groups. Recorded maternal voice was played for the neonates in the experimental group from 10 minutes before to 10 minutes after venipuncture while the neonates in the control group received no sound therapy intervention. The participants' physiologic parameters were assessed 10 minutes before, during, and after venipuncture. At baseline, the study groups did not differ significantly regarding the intended physiologic parameters (P > .05). During venipuncture, maternal voice was effective in reducing the neonates' heart rate, respiratory rate, and diastolic blood pressure (P < .05). Maternal voice is effective in reducing some physiologic parameters during and after performing the painful procedure of venipuncture. Nurses are recommended to use familiar sounds to effectively manage neonates' physiologic responses to procedural pain of venipuncture.