bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil and Mineral Excavating Company Limited
Authors: Ghosh Mousumi 
Published: September 2016

The case featured in this issue depicts a situation enmeshed in several organizational and systems problems with behaviourial manifestations. Mr Basak is addressing the problem of non-receipt of two vital equipments on time due to which drilling operations of an Oil Company in the public sector had to be suspended causing financial and non-financial losses. While familiarizing the readers with the organizational reality where pinpointing of a problem situation is often difficult, the case raises a few important issues: Is it possible for an individual to tide over multiple organizational constraints with innovation, patience and tact and is advancement always through questioning the existing way of doing things? Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa Office.
Blair Water Purifiers India
Authors: Nelson James E 
Published: September 2016

The case featured in this issue deals with international marketing strategy and current business conditions in India particularly in the field of home water purification devices. Rahul Chatterjee is entrusted with the task of gathering background data on the possibility of Blair Company entering the competitive Indian market for home water purification devices. The data would be used by the executives to make a recommendation on market entry and on elements of an entry strategy. Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa Office.
Abstracts Indian Management Research
Authors: Sarkar Mitali 
Published: September 2016

This section features abstracts of articles covering empirical studies, experiences, ideas, and theories published in Indian and international journals. Sponsored by the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi, this service is intended to facilitate Indian management research. Authors desirous of having their publications considered for inclusion in this feature may please send reprints of their articles to Vikalpa Editorial Office.
Organizational Culture in the Changing Environment
Authors: Bhatnagar Deepti , Bhandaris Leena 
Published: September 2016

In the context of rapid changes taking place in the economic and business environment in the country⁄ organizations need to transform themselves radically in order to seize new opportunities. Arguing that organizational culture is a crucial organizational variable that can facilitate or impede the change process⁄ this paper by Deepti Bhatnagar and Leena Bhandari presents results of an empirical study. The use of competing values framework showed hierarchy to be dominant and market culture to be weak in our organizations⁄ although there appeared to be interesting differences between the private sector⁄ the public sector⁄ and a government department. Implications of these findings are presented.
Diagnoses
Authors: Ranganathan V 
Published: September 2016

The April-June 1998 issue of Vikalpa had published a Management Case titled ‘Aokam Perdana Berhad’ by Jayanth R Varma and V Raghunathan which discussed the issue of put options spelling bankruptcy for financially weak companies like Aokam. In this issue, we carry V Ranganathan's response on the case. The July-September 1998 issue had featured a Management Case titled ‘Splendor Decorative Laminates India Ltd.’ by Abraham Koshy which focused on the evaluation of market research proposals and selecting an appropriate market research agency. In this issue, we carry two responses on the case by V Sanal Kumar and Ashis Mishra.
Malaysia: Strategy for the Twenty–first Century
Authors: Vachani Sushil 
Published: September 2016

Malaysia dramatically transformed itself from a developing country into a newly industrializing country, and one of the ten most competitive nations of the world, in just two decades. The case describes the important challenges that Malaysia's ambitious leader, Dr Mahathir, faced in 1997 as he looks to the future with the objective of making Malaysia a developed country by the year 2020. Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa Office.
Asoka Spintex
Authors: Gupta Parvinder 
Published: September 2016

The case featured in this issue discusses the turnaround of Asoka Spintex from an ailing company in 1987 to a growing company in the year 1997. What strategies should Anang Lalbhai adopt for the long-term survival of the company? Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa Office.
Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity and Access to Foreign Capital of Overseas Listed Indian Firms
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Bhole L M , Saudagaran Shahrokh M 
Published: September 2016

Between May 1992 and June 2001, 72 Indian firms listed their 85 Depositary Receipt (DR) programmes on the foreign capital markets. Most Indian DR programmes are listed on the European exchanges rather than on the US exchanges. This paper studies firm-level financial data of foreign listed Indian firms to see whether the ‘improved access to external capital markets’ is an important consideration for Indian firms listing on the foreign markets. The results of the study can be interpreted in terms of informational disclosure requirements of the foreign markets (in our case the Global Depositary Receipts– GDR markets) where sample Indian firms have listed their securities. The firms listed on the US exchanges have to necessarily follow US GAAP in casting of their accounts and disclose more. Hence, US listing acts as a signal about the firm's level of transparency and disclosures which, in turn, reduces informational asymmetry between managers and external investors. Thus, listing of emerging markets' firms on the US exchanges improves their access to the external capital markets and hence reduces their investment-to-cash flow sensitivity. Also, till recently, two-way fungibility in the Indian DRs was not allowed. Foreign institutional investors (FIIs), investing in the Indian GDRs, are restricted from owning and trading in Indian shares listed on the Indian stock exchanges. Besides, Indian citizens were prohibited from owning and trading in Indian DRs listed on the foreign markets. These factors impede the free flow of information between the GDR markets and Indian markets. Thus, GDR listings by the Indian firms are rendered ineffective in removing the information asymmetry about the listing firms and in improving Indian firms' access to the external markets. The results of the study have the following implications: The policy makers should adopt a regulatory framework so that firms are encouraged to disclose more and thus become transparent. Managers should prefer listing firms' securities only on stringent and transparent foreign markets with listing requirements. The measures proposed will reduce the informational asymmetry for the Indian firms and hence improve their access to the external capital markets. But if these markets do not improve their transparency and disclosure levels, they will lose out to the US markets. Naturally, firms contemplating fresh listing on foreign markets will list their securities on the more transparent US markets to improve their access to the external capital markets. Corporate decision makers should realize that the listings on the US markets send strong signals about the firms' level of transparency and disclosures to the investing community. This signalling effect is rather less in case of listing on the GDR markets. This could be the reason for US exchanges becoming more successful in attracting foreign listings by the Indian firms compared to the London and the Luxembourg exchanges in recent years.
The Art of Growing a Company: An Entrepreneurial Monologue
Authors: Nair Rajesh 
Published: September 2016

This paper presents entrepreneurship as an emotional pursuit. It is the gut feeling that is most important in making a start-up decision. Drawing on his own experiences and of those closely associated with start-ups, the author offers a framework that reflects on how a company can be started-the various stages, the key problems in each stage, and suggestions for sailing smoothly through them. The different stages are as follows: Confusion: It includes three phases of Fright, Flight, and Fantasy. The initial apprehensions of a failure could hold an aspirant from starting up. It is possible that he gets frightened about the possibility of failure or gets frustrated about his lack of focus and keeps jumping from one idea to another or be overconfident about the success of his idea. Crossing threshold: The limited few who cross the stage of confusion face the three P's: Peer Pressure, Procrastination, and Poverty. A green signal from family, friends, and industry leaders and the confidence of a sound financial backing are important for a take-off. Although starting up should be a bold step, yet one needs to have at least six months financial expenses, an activity plan for the first month, and lots of ‘hope’ in the baggage. Start-up: The key issues at this stage include how to set up a team, share equity or raise funds. It is important to realize that responsibilities cannot be shared equally. There has to be a leader with highest equity who would be ready to own the consequences of a decision. First thousand days: This is believed to be the decisive phase. There could be difficulties in capturing clients, managing too many jobs at a time or getting payments in time. At this stage, it is very important to have a clear set of priorities, be flexible, and responsible. Success or failure would also depend a lot on how the ‘hard’ issues such as finance, marketing, technology, and partnership and alliances are tackled. Growth: Once the company crosses the hurdles of the first thousand days and is in the winning track, there emerges the fear of losing focus. This is the most difficult period in the company's life with the possibility of the business ending up in a disaster. To sustain the focus on organizational growth, it is important for the entrepreneurs to: decide whether he really wants to grow and if yes, be prepared to face the emerging issues separate the two roles of investor and entrepreneur-manager break the vicious cycle of money-recruitment-retention align the important individuals to a common organizational vision through equity. No entrepreneur should forget the supremacy of cash, mind, and intuition. He who has these would be able to fight, take rational decisions, and remove mistakes at the earliest. Above all, what is important is to enjoy the journey towards the destination.
A simple method of bronchial occlusion with silicone spigots (Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot; EWS®) using a curette
Authors: Morikawa Sayako , Okamura Takuya , Minezawa Tomoyuki , Goto Yasuhiro , Hayashi Masamichi , Yamaguchi Teppei , Isogai Sumito , Mieno Yuki , Yamamoto Naoki , Uozu Sakurako , Nakanishi Toru , Okazawa Mitsushi , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2016

Background: Bronchial occlusion with an Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot (EWS) has been shown to be useful in managing prolonged bronchopleural fistulas and intractable hemoptysis. EWS bronchial occlusion using a curette is less technically demanding. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical utility and simplicity of this method. Methods: A total of 18 consecutive patients (15 men, 3 women, aged 47–85 years) who underwent bronchial occlusion using an EWS from April 2012 to August 2014 were evaluated. The method involves sticking the tip of a curette into an EWS to the first joint, allowing it to be turned in any direction or at any angle. The time required to occlude the target bronchus was measured on routinely recorded digital videos. Other parameters evaluated included success rates, complications, and clinical outcomes. Results: Of the 18 patients, 11 underwent bronchial occlusion for intractable pneumothorax, 5 for postoperative bronchopleural fistula, two for intractable empyema, and one for hemoptysis. Each patient required 1–7 EWSs (median 4). Target bronchi included the right upper ( n = 8), left upper ( n = 5), right lower ( n = 2), left lower ( n = 2), and right middle ( n = 1) bronchi. The success rate of EWS insertion into the target bronchus was 100%. Time per EWS occlusion ranged from 65–528 sec (median 158.5 sec). Of the 62 insertions, 36 (58.1%) were completed within 3 min, and 58 (93.5%) within 5 min. Successful outcomes were observed in 15 (83.3%) of the 18 patients. Conclusions: EWS bronchial occlusion using a curette is a simple method for managing intractable bronchopleural fistulas in daily clinical settings.
Characterization of Exercise and Alcohol Self-Management Behaviors of Type 1 Diabetes Patients on Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Grando Maria Adela , Groat Danielle , Soni Hiral , Boyle Mary , Bailey Marilyn , Thompson Bithika , Cook Curtiss B. 
Published: September 2016

Background: There is a lack of systematic ways to analyze how diabetes patients use their insulin pumps to self-manage blood glucose to compensate for alcohol ingestion and exercise. The objective was to analyze “real-life” insulin dosing decisions occurring in conjunction with alcohol intake and exercise among patients using insulin pumps. Methods: We recruited adult type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients on insulin pump therapy. Participants were asked to maintain their daily routines, including those related to exercising and consuming alcohol, and keep a 30-day journal on exercise performed and alcohol consumed. Thirty days of insulin pump data were downloaded. Participants’ actual insulin dosing behaviors were compared against their self-reported behaviors in the setting of exercise and alcohol. Results: Nineteen T1D patients were recruited and over 4000 interactions with the insulin pump were analyzed. The analysis exposed variability in how subjects perceived the effects of exercise/alcohol on their blood glucose, inconsistencies between self-reported and observed behaviors, and higher rates of blood glucose control behaviors for exercise versus alcohol. Conclusion: Compensation techniques and perceptions on how exercise and alcohol affect their blood glucose levels vary between patients. Improved individualized educational techniques that take into consideration a patient’s unique life style are needed to help patients effectively apply alcohol and exercise compensation techniques.
The MEssaging for Diabetes Intervention Reduced Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Low-Income, Diverse Adults With Type 2
Authors: Mayberry Lindsay S. , Mulvaney Shelagh A. , Johnson Kevin B. , Osborn Chandra Y. 
Published: September 2016

Background: Nonadherence to diabetes medication is prevalent and costly. MEssaging for Diabetes (MED), a mobile health (mHealth) intervention, identified and addressed user-specific barriers to medication adherence. We assessed whether MED reduced users’ targeted barriers and if barrier reductions were associated with within-participant improvements in adherence or glycemic control (HbA1c). Methods: Adults (N = 80) with type 2 diabetes completed self-report measures identifying barriers to adherence at baseline and monthly for 3 months. At each assessment, 17 barriers were assessed and ranked for each user. Each subsequent month, users received daily text messages addressing their 3 highest ranked barriers. Targeted barriers were different for each participant and could change monthly. Paired t-tests assessed within-participant improvement in targeted barriers each month, and nested regression models assessed if changes in a participant’s barrier scores were associated with improvements in adherence and HbA1c. Results: Participants were 69% non-white and 82% had incomes <$25K. Average HbA1c was 8.2 ± 2.0%. Assessment completion rates were 100% at baseline, 59% at 1 month, 30% at 2 months, and 65% at 3 months. The most commonly reported barriers were the cost of medications (76%), believing medications are harmful (58%), and lacking information about medications (53%). Participants’ barrier scores improved each month and barrier improvement predicted adherence assessed via nightly adherence assessment text messages ( P < .001). Among participants who completed assessments each month, barrier improvement in months 2 and 3 ( P < .05) predicted HbA1c improvement. Conclusions: Iterative, individual tailoring may overcome users’ barriers to adherence. Attrition is a challenge for mHealth interventions among low-income patients.
Surgical Treatment of Bony and Soft-Tissue Impingement in Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Adams Samuel B. , Easley Mark , Nunley James A. , DeOrio James K. 
Published: September 2016

Background. Impingement may be an underreported problem following modern total ankle replacements (TARs). The etiology of impingement is unclear and likely multifactorial. Because of the lack of conservative treatment options for symptomatic impingement after TAR, surgery is often necessary. Methods. We retrospectively identified a consecutive series of 1001 primary TARs performed between January 1998 and December 2014. We identified patients who required a secondary surgery to treat soft-tissue and bony impingement by either an open or arthroscopic procedure. Functional and clinical outcomes, including secondary procedures, infections, complications, and failure rates, were recorded. Results. In all, 75 patients (7.5%) required either open (n = 49) or arthroscopic debridement for impingement after TAR; 44 patients had >12 months of follow-up, with a follow-up of 26.5 months after their debridement procedure. The mean time to the debridement procedure for all prostheses was 29.3 months, with an average of 38.7 months in STAR, 21.8 months in INBONE, and 10.5 months in Salto Talaris patients. Of the patients with more than 1 year’s follow-up from their debridement, 84.1% were asymptomatic; 9 patients (20.4%) had repeat operations after their debridement procedure. Of these, 5 patients required a repeat debridement of their medial or lateral gutters for a failure rate of 11.4%. Conclusion. Both arthroscopic and open treatment of impingement after total ankle arthroplasty are safe and effective in improving function and pain. Although the rates for revision impingement surgery are higher in arthroscopic compared with open procedures, they are not significantly so. Therefore, we recommend arthroscopic surgery whenever possible because of earlier time to weight bearing and mobility. Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Differential timing of granule cell production during cerebellum development underlies generation of the foliation pattern
Authors: Legué Emilie , Gottshall Jackie L. , Jaumouillé Edouard , Roselló-Díez Alberto , Shi Wei , Barraza Luis Humberto , Washington Senna , Grant Rachel L. , Joyner Alexandra L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
The mouse cerebellum (Cb) has a remarkably complex foliated three-dimensional (3D) structure, but a stereotypical cytoarchitecture and local circuitry. Little is known of the cellular behaviors and genes that function during development to determine the foliation pattern. In the anteroposterior axis the mammalian cerebellum is divided by lobules with distinct sizes, and the foliation pattern differs along the mediolateral axis defining a medial vermis and two lateral hemispheres. In the vermis, lobules are further grouped into four anteroposterior zones (anterior, central, posterior and nodular zones) based on genetic criteria, and each has distinct lobules. Since each cerebellar afferent group projects to particular lobules and zones, it is critical to understand how the 3D structure of the Cb is acquired. During cerebellar development, the production of granule cells (gcs), the most numerous cell type in the brain, is required for foliation. We hypothesized that the timing of gc accumulation is different in the four vermal zones during development and contributes to the distinct lobule morphologies.

Methods and Results
In order to test this idea, we used genetic inducible fate mapping to quantify accumulation of gcs in each lobule during the first two postnatal weeks in mice. The timing of gc production was found to be particular to each lobule, and delayed in the central zone lobules relative to the other zones. Quantification of gc proliferation and differentiation at three time-points in lobules representing different zones, revealed the delay involves a later onset of maximum differentiation and prolonged proliferation of gc progenitors in the central zone. Similar experiments in Engrailed mutants (En1

−/+

;En2

−/−
), which have a smaller Cb and altered foliation pattern preferentially outside the central zone, showed that gc production, proliferation and differentiation are altered such that the differences between zones are attenuated compared to wild-type mice.

Conclusions
Our results reveal that gc production is differentially regulated in each zone of the cerebellar vermis, and our mutant analysis indicates that the dynamics of gc production plays a role in determining the 3D structure of the Cb.
A proposed preventive role for Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (XyremR) in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Maitre Michel , Klein Christian , Mensah-Nyagan Ayikoe G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB or XyremR) is frequently used in humans for several clinical indications, including anesthesia, narcolepsy/cataplexy, and alcohol-withdrawal symptoms. Pharmacological effects induced in the brain by therapeutic doses of XyremR are generally GABAergic-dependent. These effects allow sedation, stress/anxiety reduction, deep sleep induction, decrease of neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection. Furthermore, XyremR promotes the expression of pivotal genes reducing toxic proteinopathies, as demonstrated in laboratory animal models. Altogether, these data represent additional evidence to suggest that XyremR may be tested during repeated short periods in populations at risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
A survey of cloud-based network intrusion detection analysis
Authors: Keegan Nathan , Ji Soo-Yeon , Chaudhary Aastha , Concolato Claude , Yu Byunggu , Jeong Dong Hyun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs network traffic grows and attacks become more prevalent and complex, we must find creative new ways to enhance intrusion detection systems (IDSes). Recently, researchers have begun to harness both machine learning and cloud computing technology to better identify threats and speed up computation times. This paper explores current research at the intersection of these two fields by examining cloud-based network intrusion detection approaches that utilize machine learning algorithms (MLAs). Specifically, we consider clustering and classification MLAs, their applicability to modern intrusion detection, and feature selection algorithms, in order to underline prominent implementations from recent research. We offer a current overview of this growing body of research, highlighting successes, challenges, and future directions for MLA-usage in cloud-based network intrusion detection approaches.