bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide Long Non-coding RNA Analysis Identified Circulating LncRNAs as Novel Non-invasive Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gynecological Disease
Authors: Wang Wen-Tao , Sun Yu-Meng , Huang Wei , He Bo , Zhao Ya-Nan , Chen Yue-Qin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human diseases. This study aimed to investigate the tissue and serum lncRNAs that are differentially expressed between patients with endometriosis, a gynecological disease, to evaluate the potential of these lncRNAs as non-invasive markers for the disease. The differentially expressed lncRNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were also analyzed to predict their functions in disease development. Genome-wide profiling of lncRNA expression patterns revealed that many lncRNAs were abnormally expressed between sera and tissuesof the patient samples. A set of aberrant differentially expressed lncRNAs were further validated in a validation cohort of 110 serum and 24 tissue samples. Functional analysis predicted that differentially expressed lncRNAs may participate in disease development through crosstalk between the ceRNAs of miRNAs and may be involved in a range of cellular pathways including steroid or hormone responses. We also found a unique set of lncRNAs that were associated with disease severity and progression and their diagnostic values were also investigated. Our study demonstrated that lncRNAs could potentially serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis and as important regulators in the progression of this disease.
Exploring regulatory networks of miR-96 in the developing inner ear
Authors: Lewis Morag A. , Buniello Annalisa , Hilton Jennifer M. , Zhu Fei , Zhang William I. , Evans Stephanie , van Dongen Stijn , Enright Anton J. , Steel Karen P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMutations in the microRNAMir96cause deafness in mice and humans. In the diminuendo mouse, which carries a single base pair change in the seed region of miR-96, the sensory hair cells crucial for hearing fail to develop fully and retain immature characteristics, suggesting that miR-96 is important for coordinating hair cell maturation. Our previous transcriptional analyses show that many genes are misregulated in the diminuendo inner ear and we report here further misregulated genes. We have chosen three complementary approaches to explore potential networks controlled by miR-96 using these transcriptional data. Firstly, we used regulatory interactions manually curated from the literature to construct a regulatory network incorporating our transcriptional data. Secondly, we built a protein-protein interaction network using the InnateDB database. Thirdly, gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify gene sets in which the misregulated genes are enriched. We have identified several candidates for mediating some of the expression changes caused by the diminuendo mutation, includingFos,Myc,Trp53andNr3c1, and confirmed our prediction thatFosis downregulated in diminuendo homozygotes. Understanding the pathways regulated by miR-96 could lead to potential therapeutic targets for treating hearing loss due to perturbation of any component of the network.
Biological insertion of computationally designed short transmembrane segments
Authors: Baeza-Delgado Carlos , von Heijne Gunnar , Marti-Renom Marc A. , Mingarro Ismael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe great majority of helical membrane proteins are inserted co-translationally into the ER membrane through a continuous ribosome-translocon channel. The efficiency of membrane insertion depends on transmembrane (TM) helix amino acid composition, the helix length and the position of the amino acids within the helix. In this work, we conducted a computational analysis of the composition and location of amino acids in transmembrane helices found in membrane proteins of known structure to obtain an extensive set of designed polypeptide segments with naturally occurring amino acid distributions. Then, using an in vitro translation system in the presence of biological membranes, we experimentally validated our predictions by analyzing its membrane integration capacity. Coupled with known strategies to control membrane protein topology, these findings may pave the way to de novo membrane protein design.
Inhibition of Aβ(1–40) fibril formation by cyclophilins
Authors: Villmow Marten , Baumann Monika , Malesevic Miroslav , Sachs Rolf , Hause Gerd , Fändrich Marcus , Balbach Jochen , Schiene-Fischer Cordelia 
Published: March 2016

Cyclophilins interact directly with the Alzheimer's disease peptide Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) and are therefore involved in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ binding to CypD (cyclophilin D) induces dysfunction of human mitochondria. We found that both CypD and CypA suppress in vitro fibril formation of Aβ(1–40) at substoichiometric concentrations when present early in the aggregation process. The prototypic inhibitor CsA (cyclosporin A) of both cyclophilins as well as the new water-soluble MM258 derivative prevented this suppression. A SPOT peptide array approach and NMR titration experiments confirmed binding of Aβ(1–40) to the catalytic site of CypD mainly via residues Lys16–Glu22. The peptide Aβ(16–20) representing this section showed submicromolar IC50 values for the peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase activity of CypD and CypA and low-micromolar KD values in ITC experiments. Chemical cross-linking and NMR-detected hydrogen–deuterium exchange experiments revealed a shift in the populations of small Aβ(1–40) oligomers towards the monomeric species, which we investigated in the present study as being the main process of prevention of Aβ fibril formation by cyclophilins.
Improved estimates of orange roughy biomass using an acoustic-optical system in commercial trawlnets
Authors: Ryan Tim E. , Kloser Rudy J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Echo integration is a well-established method for estimating fish biomass, but is challenging for a low target strength (TS), deep-living fish species such as orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus). A novel approach has been to utilize the infrastructure of the fishing vessel's trawlnet by attaching an acoustic-optical system (AOS) to the net's headline. Deep deployment of the AOS via the trawlnet reduces uncertainties associated with hull-mounted acoustics that include the influence of weather on data quality, low resolution due to the long range to target, large acoustic dead zone on sloping seabed, and inability to identify and differentiate other fish that co-occur with the target species. The AOS system simultaneously records acoustic data at multiple frequencies (38 and 120 kHz), species composition in video and stereo imagery, and environmental data as the net collects biological samples and/or commercial catch. All data streams were considered in a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach to give improved estimates of orange roughy biomass with low error due to species uncertainty. AOS-based biomass estimates, made over a 5-year period from 11 key spawning locations in Australia and New Zealand, showed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.97, n = 39) between frequencies (38 and 120 kHz); the 38 kHz estimates were, on average, 8% higher than 120 kHz, with a standard deviation of 20%. This similarity in estimates across frequencies improves confidence in results compared with single-frequency surveys that are potentially prone to large errors resulting from unknown (mixed) species composition and target strengths, calibration, and sound absorption uncertainties.
How Residents Develop Trust in Interns: A Multi-Institutional Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Sheu Leslie , O’Sullivan Patricia S. , Aagaard Eva M. , Tad-y Darlene , Harrell Heather E. , Kogan Jennifer R. , Nixon James , Hollander Harry , Hauer Karen E. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
Although residents trust interns to provide patient care, little is known about how trust forms.

Method
Using a multi-institutional mixed-methods study design, the authors interviewed (March–September 2014) internal medicine (IM) residents in their second or third postgraduate year at a single institution to address how they develop trust in interns. Transcript analysis using grounded theory yielded a model for resident trust. Authors tested (January–March 2015) the model with residents from five IM programs using a two-section quantitative survey (38 items; 31 rated 0 = not at all to 100 = very much; 7 rated 0 = strongly disagree to 100 = strongly agree) to identify influences on how residents form trust.

Results
Qualitative analysis of 29 interviews yielded 14 themes within five previously identified factors of trust (resident, intern, relationship, task, and context). Of 478 residents, 376 (78.7%) completed the survey. Factor analysis yielded 11 factors that influence trust. Respondents rated interns’ characteristics (reliability, competence, and propensity to make errors) highest when indicating importance to trust (respective means 86.3 [standard deviation = 9.7], 76.4 [12.9], and 75.8 [20.0]). They also rated contextual factors highly as influencing trust (access to an electronic medical record, duty hours, and patient characteristics; respective means 79.8 [15.3], 73.1 [14.4], and 71.9 [20.0]).

Conclusions
Residents form trust based on primarily intern- and context-specific factors. Residents appear to consider trust in a way that prioritizes interns’ execution of essential patient care tasks safely within the complexities and constraints of the hospital environment.
Self-reported Mobility in Older Patients Predicts Early Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Kim Sunghye , Marsh Anthony P. , Rustowicz Lauren , Roach Catherine , Leng Xiaoyan I. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Rejeski W. Jack , Groban Leanne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
Preoperative self-reported mobility, as measured by the quick, reliable, and cost-effective mobility assessment tool–short form, predicted early postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, and discharge to a nursing home in older patients scheduled for elective noncardiac surgery.

Background
Specific geriatric assessment tools may complement traditional perioperative risk stratification. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether self-reported mobility is predictive of postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery.

Methods
Patients aged 69 yr or older (n = 197) underwent (1) traditional risk assessments (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and Revised Cardiac Risk Index), (2) five-point frailty evaluation, (3) self-reported mobility assessment using the Mobility Assessment Tool–short form (range, 30.21 [poor] to 69.76 [excellent]), and (4) measurements of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Outcomes were postoperative complications, time to discharge, and nursing home placement (NHP).

Results
In the sample of this study (mean age, 75 ± 5 yr; 51% women), 72% had intermediate- or high-risk surgery. Median time to discharge was 3 days (interquartile range, 1 to 4 days). Thirty patients (15%) developed postoperative complications, and 27 (13%) required NHP. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index, pain score, Revised Cardiac Risk Index, American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status, surgical risk, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, worse self-reported mobility (per 10-point decrease in Mobility Assessment Tool, which is equivalent to 1 SD) was associated with more postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.73), later time to discharge (hazards ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96), and increased NHP (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.56). By using the same model, intermediate frailty or frailty increased NHP (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 9.54) but was not related to either postoperative complications or time to discharge.

Conclusions
Preoperative self-reported mobility using a novel and brief assessment may help identify elderly patients at risk for adverse postoperative events.
Neural Control of Inflammation
Authors: Steinberg Benjamin E. , Sundman Eva , Terrando Niccolo , Eriksson Lars I. , Olofsson Peder S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
Inflammation and immunity are regulated by neural reflexes. Recent basic science research has demonstrated that a neural reflex, termed the inflammatory reflex, modulates systemic and regional inflammation in a multiplicity of clinical conditions encountered in perioperative medicine and critical care. In this review, the authors describe the anatomic and physiologic basis of the inflammatory reflex and review the evidence implicating this pathway in the modulation of sepsis, ventilator-induced lung injury, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, and traumatic hemorrhage. The authors conclude with a discussion of how these new insights might spawn novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the context of perioperative and critical care medicine.
Neural reflexes modulate systemic inflammation in clinical conditions encountered in perioperative and critical care. This review discusses how recent studies in this area are leading to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
No Silver Medal for Nobel Prize Contenders
Authors: Hansson Nils , Fangerau Heiner , Tuffs Annette , Polianski Igor J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
Taking the examples of the pioneers Carl Ludwig Schleich, Carl Koller, and Heinrich Braun, this article provides a first exploratory account of the history of anesthesiology and the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Besides the files collected at the Nobel Archive in Sweden, which are presented here for the first time, this article is based on medical literature of the early 20th century. Using Nobel Prize nominations and Nobel committee reports as points of departure, the authors discuss why no anesthesia pioneer has received this coveted trophy. These documents offer a new perspective to explore and to better understand aspects of the history of anesthesiology in the first half of the 20th century.
Using nominations and Nobel committee reports from the archive of the Nobel committee in Sweden as points of departure, the authors discuss why no anesthesia pioneers have received the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine.
Fixation of Displaced Medial Epicondyle Fractures in Adolescents
Authors: Pace Gregory I. , Hennrikus William L. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced medial epicondyle fracture dislocations in adolescents is recommended for incarceration of the epicondyle in the joint and for athletes who need a stable elbow for their sport. A screw placed across the epicondyle into the medial column avoiding the olecranon fossa is a common fixation method. One author has recommended adding a metal washer to the screw fixation because of the perceived risk of epicondyle fragmentation or penetration when using a screw alone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a screw and washer for the fixation of pediatric medial epicondyle fractures results in less fragmentation of the epicondyle at the time of surgery and more complaints of hardware prominence leading to a second surgery to remove a deep implant.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of patients treated surgically for displaced medial epicondyle fracture dislocations between 2008 and 2014.

Results:
Sixteen patients with a total of 17 fracture dislocations were included in the study. The average follow-up was 11.5 months. Twelve fractures were treated with a screw and washer and 5 fractures were treated with a screw alone. All fractures healed. No fracture treated with a screw alone resulted in fragmentation or penetration of the epicondyle fragment. Seven of 12 patients treated with a screw and washer requested deep metal removal due to prominence and irritation at the medial epicondyle. No patient treated with a screw alone requested metal removal (58% vs. 0%; P=0.04).

Conclusions:
One author suggested that adding a washer to the screw for fixation of medial epicondyle fractures improved the ability to safely compress the fragment. However, the results of the present study report no case of fragmentation or penetration of the epicondyle when a washer was not used. In addition, the use of a screw and washer significantly increased the likelihood of a second surgery for removal of prominent hardware.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Epidemiology and Prognosis of Primary Periocular Sweat Gland Carcinomas
Authors: Baker Meredith S. , Yin Vivian T. , Ivan Doina , Allen Richard C. , Carter Keith D. , Esmaeli Bita , Shriver Erin M. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To characterize the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with sweat gland carcinoma of the periocular region. To review the pathologic classification scheme, compare the clinical behavior between subtypes, and discuss treatment recommendations for periocular sweat gland carcinomas.

Methods:
Retrospective study from 2 tertiary centers, which are part of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oncology Database.

Results:
Twenty-two patients, of whom 13 (59%) were female, were included in the study. The median age was 69 years. The median follow-up time was 23 months. Twenty (91%) patients had lesions that were slow growing and were present for several months to years before diagnosis. Presentation was varied, and pathology included mucinous carcinoma (7; 32%), microcystic adnexal carcinoma (4; 18%), endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (4; 18%), eccrine carcinoma (2; 9%), apocrine carcinoma (2; 9%), poorly differential adnexal carcinoma (2; 9%), and hidroadenocarcinoma (1; 5%). Microcystic adnexal carcinoma tended to present with the largest tumor dimension (range: 25–32 mm) and mucinous carcinoma the smallest (range: 5–13 mm). Treatments included Mohs micrographic excision in 10 patients (45.5%), wide local excision in 10 patients (45.5%), and orbital exenteration in 2 patients (9%). No lesions ≤T2b (by AJCC 7th edition classification for eyelid carcinomas) had local recurrence or nodal metastasis. No patients had distant metastasis.

Conclusions:
Sweat gland carcinomas tend to grow slowly and be present for several months to years before diagnosis. Overall, microcystic adnexal carcinoma subtype showed more aggressive clinical behavior than mucinous subtypes. Eyelid carcinomas AJCC category T2b or less were associated with better outcomes.
A Prospective, Comparative Study of the Pain of Local Anesthesia Using 2% Lidocaine, 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine, and 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine–Bupivicaine Mixture for Eyelid Surgery
Authors: Han Jung-woo , Nah Seung Kwan , Lee Sang Yeul , Kim Chang Yeom , Yoon Jin Sook , Jang Sun Young 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
A mixture of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and bupivacaine was developed to achieve the fast-onset anesthetic effect of lidocaine and the long-lasting effect of bupivacaine. The authors compared pain scores between 2% lidocaine, 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine–bupivicaine mixture during local anesthesia for eyelid surgeries.

Methods:
This was a double-blind, randomized, prospective, comparative study. In total, 120 consecutive patients (43 males, 77 females, mean age = 47.2 ± 21.2) who underwent bilateral eyelid surgery under subcutaneous anesthesia were asked to report pain scores for each eye during the first injection of anesthesia. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 3 anesthetic agents in 1 eyelid, and 1 of the remaining 2 agents in the other.

Results:
The pH values of the 2% lidocaine, 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine–bupivicaine mixture were 6.23 ± 0.21, 4.21 ± 0.37, and 3.87 ± 0.19, respectively. The pain scores of each were 4.3 ± 1.8, 5.1 ± 1.8, and 5.7 ± 1.9, respectively. The 2% lidocaine with epinephrine produced a statistically significantly higher pain score than 2% lidocaine (p = 0.044, generalized estimating equation method). The mixture also showed a significantly higher pain score than 2% lidocaine (p = 0.003, generalized estimating equation method).

Conclusions:
Epinephrine seemed to increase subjective pain scores. Compared with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, 2% lidocaine with epinephrine–bupivicaine mixture was not significantly different in terms of subjective symptoms or pH.
A Comparison of Life Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Taiwanese and Immigrant Women
Authors: Tsao Ying , Creedy Debra K. , Gamble Jenny 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
An increasing number of women from other countries, mostly Mainland China and Southeast Asia, are marrying Taiwanese husbands and settling in Taiwan. Immigration, marriage abroad, and pregnancy may be stressful and adversely affect maternal health. Relatively little research has compared the life stress and depressive symptoms of pregnant women of different ethnic groups living in nonmetropolitan areas in Taiwan.

Purpose:
This study investigates the levels of life stress and depressive symptoms in pregnant Taiwanese women and Vietnamese “foreign brides” currently living in southern Taiwan.

Methods:
Eligible women in their last trimester of pregnancy who attended their local antenatal clinic were recruited for the study. Participants completed standardized measures, including the Difficult Life Circumstances Scale, Social Support APGAR Scale, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-six Taiwanese women and 44 Vietnamese women participated. Major life difficulties for both groups of women were related to their marital relationship, housing, or health problems. Taiwanese participants reported perceiving financial strain more often than their Vietnamese peers, whereas Vietnamese participants reported perceiving greater concerns regarding their children’s development and about recent physical abuse than their Taiwanese peers. Furthermore, the Vietnamese participants reported less social support and higher rates of antenatal depression than Taiwanese participants.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Clinical nurses and midwives should be sensitive to the particular difficulties and insufficient social support faced by pregnant women from different backgrounds in Taiwan. Women from foreign countries or those under unique challenging circumstances may face a particular risk of adverse outcomes. Identifying stresses informs the development of effective nursing interventions and support activities for new mothers and their families.