bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaggregation of remotely sensed land surface temperature: A new dynamic methodology
Authors: Zhan Wenfeng , Huang Fan , Quan Jinling , Zhu Xiaolin , Gao Lun , Zhou Ji , Ju Weimin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe trade‐off between the spatial and temporal resolutions of satellite‐derived land surface temperature (LST) gives birth to disaggregation of LST (DLST). However, the concurrent enhancement of the spatiotemporal resolutions of LST remains difficult, and many studies disregard the conservation of thermal radiance between predisaggregated and postdisaggregated LSTs. Here we propose a new dynamic methodology to enhance concurrently the spatiotemporal resolutions of satellite‐derived LSTs. This methodology conducts DLST by the controlling parameters of the temperature cycle models, i.e., the diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) model and annual temperature cycle (ATC) model, rather than directly by the LST. To achieve the conservation of thermal radiance between predisaggregated and postdisaggregated LSTs, herein we incorporate a modulation procedure that adds temporal thermal details to coarse resolution LSTs rather than straightforwardly transforms fine‐resolution scaling factors into LSTs. Indirect validations at the same resolution show that the mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted and reference LSTs is around 1.0 K during a DTC; the associated MAE is around 2.0 K during an ATC, but this relatively lower accuracy is due more to the uncertainty of the ATC model. The upscaling validations indicate that the MAE is around 1.0 K and the normalized mean absolute error is around 0.3. Comparisons between the DTC‐ and ATC‐based DLST illustrate that the former retains a higher accuracy, but the latter holds a higher flexibility on days when background low‐resolution LSTs are unavailable. This methodology alters the static DLST into a dynamic way, and it is able to provide temporally continuous fine‐resolution LSTs; it will also promote the design of DLST methods for the generation of high‐quality LSTs.
Seasonal transition of precipitation characteristics associated with land surface conditions in and around Bangladesh
Authors: Ono M. , Takahashi H. G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study examined the seasonal transition of precipitation characteristics and its association with land surface conditions in and around Bangladesh, where land surface conditions are predominantly wet. Hourly rain rate data from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Microwave‐Infrared Combined Product and 10 day soil moisture data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System were used over the 7 years from 2003 to 2009. Area mean values of soil moisture, and precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity were calculated for each 10 day period. Results showed that higher precipitation amount and frequency were observed over the wet soil conditions, which indicates that soil moisture was influenced by previous precipitation events. However, the soil moisture could also control the precipitation characteristics. The seasonal and interannual variations in all regions suggested that precipitation amount and frequency increased in moist soil conditions, which is associated with an increase of water vapor supplied from the moist land surface. Over a flat plain (87°E–91°E, 23°N–25°N), a higher afternoon precipitation intensity was observed over drier land surfaces. This relationship was observed on seasonal and interannual variations. This suggests that the land surface conditions in this region can affect the afternoon precipitation intensity to some extent, although changes of atmospheric conditions can be a major factor particularly for the seasonal changes. However, this relationship was not observed in mountainous regions. This can be explained by other factors, such as thermally induced local circulations by the surrounding topography, being stronger than the impact of land surface conditions.
Validation of MODIS cloud mask and multilayer flag using CloudSat‐CALIPSO cloud profiles and a cross‐reference of their cloud classifications
Authors: Wang Tao , Fetzer Eric J. , Wong Sun , Kahn Brian H. , Yue Qing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 cloud observations (MYD06) at 1 km are collocated with daytime CloudSat‐Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) (C‐C) cloud vertical structures (2B‐CLDCLASS‐LIDAR). For 2007–2010, over 267 million C‐C cloud profiles are used to (1) validate MODIS cloud mask and cloud multilayer flag and (2) cross‐reference between C‐C cloud types and MODIS cloud regimes defined by joint histograms of cloud top pressure (CTP) and cloud optical depth (τ). Globally, of total observations, C‐C reports 27.1% clear and 72.9% cloudy, whereas MODIS reports 30.0% confidently clear and 58.7% confidently cloudy, with the rest 7.1% as probably clear and 4.2% as probably cloudy. Agreement between MODIS and C‐C is 77.8%, with 20.9% showing both clear and 56.9% showing both cloudy. The 9.1% of observations are clear in MODIS but cloudy in C‐C, indicating clouds missed by MODIS; 1.8% of observations are cloudy in MODIS but clear in C‐C, likely due to aerosol/dust or surface snow layers misidentified by MODIS. C‐C reports 47.4/25.5% single‐layer/multilayer clouds, while MODIS reports 26.7/14.0%. For C‐C single‐layer clouds, ~90% of tropical MODIS high (CTP < 440 hPa) and optically thin (τ < 3.6) clouds are identified as cirrus and ~60% of high and optically thick (τ > 23) clouds are recognized as deep convective in C‐C. Approximately 70% of MODIS low‐level (CTP > 680 hPa) clouds are classified as stratocumulus in C‐C regardless of region and optical thickness. No systematic relationship exists between MODIS middle‐level (680 < CTP < 440 hPa) clouds and C‐C cloud types, largely due to different definitions adopted.
The Dinaric fault system: Large‐scale structure, rates of slip, and Plio‐Pleistocene evolution of the transpressive northeastern boundary of the Adria microplate
Authors: Moulin Adrien , Benedetti Lucilla , Rizza Magali , Jamšek Rupnik Petra , Gosar Andrej , Bourlès Didier , Keddadouche Karim , Aumaître Georges , Arnold Maurice , Guillou Valery , Ritz Jean‐François 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLocated at the northeastern corner of the Adria microplate, the Alps‐Dinarides junction represents a key region for understanding how the Adria microplate interacts with stable Europe. However, little is known on how the present‐day deformation imposed by the rotation of the Adria microplate is absorbed across the Dinarides. Using morphotectonic analysis based on satellite and aerial images, accurate topographical maps, and digital elevation models combined with field investigations, we mapped in detail the three main active faults of the Northern Dinarides. Geomorphic and geological cumulative displacements ranging from a few meters to several kilometers have been identified on those faults and dated for the most recent ones using 36Cl exposure dating. Those results yielded a total right‐lateral motion of 3.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr oriented N317. Comparing our results with the motion expected from Adria rotation models suggests that the Northern Dinarides absorbs most of the predicted Adria‐Eurasia motion, thus representing the eastern boundary of the microplate. However, a significant E‐W component is lacking, suggesting that part of the stress imposed by the microplate rotation is transferred farther to the east. Finally, bounds placed on the Plio‐Pleistocene kinematics confirm that faulting onset occurred during the Early Pliocene and evidence a significant kinematic change at the Early/Middle Pleistocene boundary.
Tandem Difluoroalkylation‐Arylation of Enamides Catalyzed by Nickel
Authors: Gu Ji‐Wei , Min Qiao‐Qiao , Yu Ling‐Chao , Zhang Xingang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed three‐component reaction for the synthesis of difluoroalkylated compounds through tandem difluoroalkylation‐arylation of enamides has been developed. The reaction tolerates a variety of arylboronic acids and widely available difluoroalkyl bromides, and even the relatively inert substrate chlorodifluoroacetate. The significant advantages of this protocol are the low‐cost nickel catalyst, synthetic convenience, excellent functional‐group compatibility and high reaction efficiency.
Organic Polymer Dots as Photocatalysts for Visible Light‐Driven Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Lei , Fernández‐Terán Ricardo , Zhang Lei , Fernandes Daniel L. A. , Tian Lei , Chen Hong , Tian Haining 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFor the first time, organic semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) based on poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐{2,1′,3} thiadiazole)] (PFBT) and polystyrene grafting with carboxyl‐group‐functionalized ethylene oxide (PS‐PEG‐COOH) are introduced as a photocatalyst towards visible‐light‐driven hydrogen generation in a completely organic solvent‐free system. With these organic Pdots as the photocatalyst, an impressive initial rate constant of 8.3 mmol h−1 g−1 was obtained for visible‐light‐driven hydrogen production, which is 5‐orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine PFBT polymer under the same catalytic conditions. Detailed kinetics studies suggest that the productive electron transfer quench of the excited state of Pdots by an electron donor is about 40 %. More importantly, we also found that the Pdots can tolerate oxygen during catalysis, which is crucial for further application of this material for light‐driven water splitting.
Oxocarbon Salts for Fast Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing , Wang Jianbin , Lu Yong , Li Yixin , Liang Guangxin , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOxocarbon salts (M2(CO)n) prepared through one‐pot proton exchange reactions with different metal ions (M=Li, Na, K) and frameworks (n=4, 5, 6) have been rationally designed and used as electrodes in rechargeable Li, Na, and K‐ion batteries. The results show that M2(CO)5/M2(CO)6 salts can insert two or four metal ions reversibly, while M2(CO)4 shows less electrochemical activity. Especially, we discover that the K2C6O6 electrode enables ultrafast potassium‐ion insertion/extraction with 212 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C and 164 mA h g−1 at 10 C. This behavior can be ascribed to the natural semiconductor property of K2C6O6 with a narrow band gap close to 0.9 eV, the high ionic conductivity of the K‐ion electrolyte, and the facilitated K‐ion diffusion process. Moreover, a first example of a K‐ion battery with a rocking‐chair reaction mechanism of K2C6O6 as cathode and K4C6O6 as anode is introduced, displaying an operation voltage of 1.1 V and an energy density of 35 Wh kg−1. This work provides an interesting strategy for constructing rapid K‐ion batteries with renewable and abundant potassium materials.
Novel Oligopyrrole Carboxamide based Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Salens, Their Targeting of Human G‐Quadruplex DNA, and Selective Cancer Cell Toxicity
Authors: Ali Asfa , Kamra Mohini , Roy Soma , Muniyappa K. , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDNA targeting by various metal complexes is a key strategy toward the restriction of cancer cell proliferation. Toward this end, we designed and synthesized novel salen‐based NiII and PdII metal complexes with positively charged flanking side chains comprising N‐methylpyrrole carboxamides of varying lengths. The compounds showed high specificity toward G‐quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA. Sufficient inhibition of the telomerase activity was observed, which was ascertained by the prominent restriction of cancer cell proliferation in the long‐term cell viability and telomerase inhibition assays. The compounds exhibited selective cancer cell death following an apoptotic pathway. Analysis of the binding mode showed partial stacking of the salen moiety over the G‐tetrads and association of the pendant oligopyrrole carboxamide units with the grooves. The conjugation of the tetrad‐binding metal salen core with groove‐oriented flexible oligopyrrole moieties resulted in the high selectivity and stabilization of the human G‐quadruplex DNA structures.
Arginine‐Substituted Phthalocyanine with Concentration‐Driven Self‐Disaggregation Performance: Synthesis, Properties and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Wang Ao , Zhou Rongrong , Zhou Lin , Sun Kang , Zhou Jiahong , Wei Shaohua , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn arginine‐substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ArgZnPc) capable of disaggregating at high concentrations in polar non‐aqueous solvents through concentration‐driven hydrogen bond type transformation has been prepared. The ArgZnPc was prepared through a guanidine‐meditated self‐catalytic ester hydrolysis reaction. The concentration‐driven disaggregation of ArgZnPc was confirmed by UV‐Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and lifetimes, and singlet oxygen quantum yield data.
Age‐related differences in brain network activation and co‐activation during multiple object tracking
Authors: Dørum Erlend S. , Alnæs Dag , Kaufmann Tobias , Richard Geneviève , Lund Martina J. , Tønnesen Siren , Sneve Markus H. , Mathiesen Nina C. , Rustan Øyvind G. , Gjertsen Øivind , Vatn Sigurd , Fure Brynjar , Andreassen Ole A. , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionMultiple object tracking (MOT) is a powerful paradigm for measuring sustained attention. Although previous fMRI studies have delineated the brain activation patterns associated with tracking and documented reduced tracking performance in aging, age‐related effects on brain activation during MOT have not been characterized. In particular, it is unclear if the task‐related activation of different brain networks is correlated, and also if this coordination between activations within brain networks shows differential effects of age.MethodsWe obtained fMRI data during MOT at two load conditions from a group of younger (n = 25, mean age = 24.4 ± 5.1 years) and older (n = 21, mean age = 64.7 ± 7.4 years) healthy adults. Using a combination of voxel‐wise and independent component analysis, we investigated age‐related differences in the brain network activation. In order to explore to which degree activation of the various brain networks reflect unique and common mechanisms, we assessed the correlations between the brain networks' activations.ResultsBehavioral performance revealed an age‐related reduction in MOT accuracy. Voxel and brain network level analyses converged on decreased load‐dependent activations of the dorsal attention network (DAN) and decreased load‐dependent deactivations of the default mode networks (DMN) in the old group. Lastly, we found stronger correlations in the task‐related activations within DAN and within DMN components for younger adults, and stronger correlations between DAN and DMN components for older adults.ConclusionUsing MOT as means for measuring attentional performance, we have demonstrated an age‐related attentional decline. Network‐level analysis revealed age‐related alterations in network recruitment consisting of diminished activations of DAN and diminished deactivations of DMN in older relative to younger adults. We found stronger correlations within DMN and within DAN components for younger adults and stronger correlations between DAN and DMN components for older adults, indicating age‐related alterations in the coordinated network‐level activation during attentional processing.
Anticancer nanoparticulate polymer‐drug conjugate
Authors: Feng Quanyou , Tong Rong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe review recent progress in polymer‐drug conjugate for cancer nanomedicine. Polymer‐drug conjugates, including the nanoparticle prepared from these conjugates, are designed to release drug in tumor tissues or cells in order to improve drugs’ therapeutic efficacy. We summarize general design principles for the polymer‐drug conjugate, including the synthetic strategies, the design of the chemical linkers between the drug and polymer in the conjugate, and the in vivo drug delivery barriers for polymer‐drug conjugates. Several new strategies, such as the synthesis of polymer‐drug conjugates and supramolecular‐drug conjugates, the use of stimulus‐responsive delivery, and triggering the change of the nanoparticle physiochemical properties to over delivery barriers, are also highlighted.
Virtualization of the process control laboratory using ASPEN HYSYS
Authors: Taimoor Aqeel Ahmad 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTUndergraduate chemical engineering students should be trained differently from other disciplines in control theory. ASPEN HYSYS provides basic modules for the unit operation with dynamics that can be used in elucidating the intended principles to control students virtually, which are not available in MATLAB (SIMULINK). A total of six workshops are designed. The laboratory course starts by familiarizing students to dynamic feature of the commercial software. Students are then introduced to operational safety aspects, by solving a runaway CSTR model. Importance of transfer functions is elucidated as an approach to integrate with different other electrical devices. Frequency response analysis is then presented using the transfer function to visualize instability. Two experiments are designed for PID controller so that students can envisage the affect of tuning parameters on absolute integrated error, offset, and regulation of manipulated variable. Different tuning methods and their objectives are also explained. The comparison between SIMULINK and HYSYS simulation is discussed. Modules are provided as supplement material. Surveys and direct assessment tools evaluate student's understanding of the course. The results are compared with the previous session using SIMULINK as laboratory tool presenting higher satisfaction with HYSYS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:887–898, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21758
Unconstrained Gibbs minimization for solving multireaction chemical equilibria using a stochastic global optimizer
Authors: Fateen Seif‐Eddeen K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a simple method for solving multireaction chemical equilibrium problems via Gibbs Minimization through the use of a stochastic global optimizer. The method is explained at the level of upper‐undergraduate chemistry or chemical engineering students. Its matlab code is also presented and explained. Four examples with varying difficulties illustrate the versatility and robustness of the method, which is simple, general, and scalable and can be easily extended to simultaneous chemical and phase equilibrium problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:899–904, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21759
Papillomatosis cutis lymphostatica
Authors: Aydin Dogu , Heidenheim Michael 
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical MessagePapillomatosis cutis lymphostatica is a benign, usually asymptomatic and underreported condition resulting from primary lymphedema or damage of lymphatic vessels due to diabetes. Cases have only been published sporadically. The presented image may help future colleagues to establish the diagnosis.
Recent Progress in Metal Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Aryl Halides and Pseudo Halides Employing CO2: Opportunities for 11C Radiochemistry
Authors: Ahamed Muneer , Verbeek Joost , Funke Uta , Lecina Joan , Verbruggen Alfons , Bormans Guy 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) as a synthon in organic transformations is very useful, especially when combined with transition metal catalysts. CO2 insertion on carbon(Aryl)‐metal is are an elegant route to construct carbon–carbon bonds. A limited number of reports have been published to date on the direct conversion of aryl halides (or pseudo halides) to aryl carboxylic acids using transition metal catalysts. These reactions place great demand on the choice of catalyst, starting material, and reducing agent. However, these approaches could be of interest for the synthesis of a wide range of biologically active small molecules. Such transformations have already been applied for the synthesis of radiolabeled compounds for imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) using cyclotron produced [11C]CO2 and may be applicable to the production of a diverse range of PET tracers.
A Structurally Variable Porous Organic Salt Based on a Multidirectional Supramolecular Cluster
Authors: Miyano Tetsuya , Okada Naoki , Nishida Ryunosuke , Yamamoto Atsushi , Hisaki Ichiro , Tohnai Norimitsu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA porous organic salt (POS) composed of 2‐sulfophenyl anthracene (2‐SPA) and triphenylmetylamine (TPMA) forms five types of porous crystals, POS‐a–e, by recognizing subtle differences in the molecular structure of incorporated guest molecules. This structurally variable POS was hierarchically designed on the basis of a supramolecular cluster with a directionally flexible linker formed by the organic salt. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the salt forms six conformers attributable to rocking and rotational motions of the phenylene group in 2‐SPA. The clusters form POS crystals through different porous networks according to the conformers. The POS crystals show a wide range of fluorescence spectra that are responsive to differences in the molecular and electronic structure of the guest molecule. This remarkable behavior has potential application in sensitive chemical sensors that are responsive to slight differences in molecular structures.
Multiple Roles of Isocyanides in Palladium‐Catalyzed Imidoylative Couplings: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Perego Luca A. , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , El Kaïm Laurent , Ciofini Ilaria , Grimaud Laurence 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKinetic, spectroscopic and computational studies examining a palladium‐catalyzed imidoylative coupling highlight the dual role of isocyanides as both substrates and ligands for this class of transformations. The synthesis of secondary amides from aryl halides and water is presented as a case study. The kinetics of the oxidative addition of ArI with RNC‐ligated Pd0 species have been studied and the resulting imidoyl complex [(ArC=NR)Pd(CNR)2I] (Ar=4‐F‐C6H4, R=tBu) has been isolated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The unprecedented ability of this RNC‐ligated imidoyl‐Pd complex to undergo reductive elimination at room temperature to give the amide in the presence of water and an F−/HF buffer is demonstrated. Its behavior in solution has also been characterized, revealing an unexpected strong tendency to give cationic complexes, and notably [(ArC=NR)Pd(CNR)3]+ with excess isocyanide and [(ArC=NR)Pd(
)(CNR)]+ with bidentate phosphines (
). These species may be responsible for catalyst deactivation and side‐reactions. Ab initio calculations performed at the DFT level allowed us to rationalize the multiple roles of RNC in the different steps of the catalytic cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Phosphorus Oxides as Energy and Information Materials.
Authors: Luo Wei , Xiang Hongjun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe lowest‐energy structures of two‐dimensional PnO (n = 8, 6, 4, 2), P4O4, and P2O3 are predicted by a global optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization technique.
ChemInform Abstract: An Air‐Stable Na3SbS4 Superionic Conductor Prepared by a Rapid and Economic Synthetic Procedure.
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Yan , Hood Zachary D. , Sahu Gayatri , Pandian Amaresh Samuthira , Keum Jong Kahk , An Ke , Liang Chengdu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhase pure Na3SbS4 as a solid electrolyte for all‐solid‐state Na batteries is produced by heating Na3SbS4·9H2O at 150 °C for 1 h under vacuum.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical γ‐BaB2O4 Hollow Microspheres: Surfactant‐Assisted Hydrothermal Formation, Phase Conversion, Optical Properties and Application as Adsorbents.
Authors: Chen Xiuping , Zhai Peiyan , Li Jie , Zhang Heng , Zhu Wancheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHierarchical γ‐BaB2O4 hollow microspheres are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Ba(OH)2, H3BO3, and Na2(EDTA) (autoclave, 180 °C, 12 h).