bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPACT GALACTIC PLANETARY NEBULAE: AN HST/WFC3 MORPHOLOGICAL CATALOG, AND A STUDY OF THEIR ROLE IN THE GALAXY
Authors: Stanghellini Letizia , Shaw Richard A. , Villaver Eva 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the images of a Hubble Space Telescope (HST/WFC3) snapshot program of angularly compact Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe), acquired with the aim of studying their size, evolutionary status, and morphology. PNe that are smaller than ∼4″ are underrepresented in most morphological studies, and today they are less well studied than their immediate evolutionary predecessors, the pre-planetary nebulae. The images have been acquired in the light of [O iii]λ5007, which is commonly used to classify the PN morphology, in the UV continuum with the aim of detecting the central star unambiguously, and in the I-band to detect a cool stellar companion, if present. The sample of 51 confirmed PNe exhibits nearly the full range of primary morphological classes, with the distribution more heavily weighted toward bipolar PNe, but with the total of aspherical PNe almost identical to that of the general Galactic sample. A large range of microstructures is evident in our sample as well, with many nebulae displaying attached shells, halos, ansae, and internal structure in the form of arcs, rings, and spirals. Various aspherical structures in a few PNe, including detached arcs, suggest an interaction with the ISM. We studied the observed sample of compact Galactic PNe in the context of the general Galactic PN population, and explore whether their physical size, spatial distribution, reddening, radial metallicity gradient, and possible progenitors are peculiar within the population of Galactic PNe. We found that these compact Galactic PNe, which have been selected based on apparent dimensions, constitute a diverse Galactic PN population that is relatively uniformly distributed across the Galactic disk, including the outskirts of our Galaxy. This unique sample will be used in the future to probe the old Galactic disk population.
L’énigme de la chouette
Authors: Jamin Jean 
Published: October 2016

Dans Hamlet Ophélie prononce une phrase que, depuis quatre‑cents ans, les commentateurs de Shakespeare ont toujours jugée énigmatique : « On dit que la chouette a été jadis la fille d’un boulanger ». Proverbe, bribe de conte ou titre de légende ? Ni le contexte de la tragédie, ni ceux qui – roi et reine – donnent la réplique à la « blanche Ophélie », ni la suite de ses paroles ne permettent d’en comprendre vraiment le sens. Cet article, qui entend se situer dans le sillage des recherches de Daniel Fabre sur les rapports entre anthropologie et littérature, propose quelques hypothèses sur l’association étrange, voire sur le lien de parenté fantasmagorique qu’exprime cette phrase, qui pourrait trouver son origine aussi bien dans des fonds folkloriques gallois et roms que dans la Rome antique, et n’être pas seulement une manifestation de la « folie » d’Ophélie.
Capitales du vin : identités, hiérarchies et concurrences
Authors: Brochot Aline 
Published: October 2016

Être « capitale » relève, pour certaines cités viticoles, de la simple évidence. À la tête de l’appellation à laquelle elles ont donné leur nom, leur prééminence ne peut être disputée. Pour d’autres, qui ne jouissent pas d’une telle position, le statut de capitale relève bien davantage d’une affirmation, plus ou moins appuyée et argumentée, face à d’éventuelles concurrentes. Tokaj en Hongrie, Saint‑Émilion et Épernay en France illustreront notre propos.
Le mont Garizim, nouvelle « Genève de la paix » : une capitale sans territoire ?
Authors: Urien‑Lefranc Fanny 
Published: October 2016

Situé à Naplouse en Cisjordanie, le mont Garizim constitue à la fois le lieu de culte et d’habitation d’une partie de la communauté samaritaine. Depuis une dizaine d’années, il est progressivement devenu le « territoire samaritain », au sein duquel se multiplient des entreprises de patrimonialisation et de visibilisation du lieu et de la communauté. Cet article se propose d’étudier la façon dont les Samaritains se sont saisis de ces dynamiques pour rehausser leur lieu saint en Centre pour la paix, en « Genève du Moyen‑Orient ».
La production d’une capitale indienne
Authors: Demanget Magali 
Published: October 2016

Cet article aborde le processus de production d’une petite capitale indienne, Huautla de Jimenez, chef‑lieu mazatèque récemment consacré par le label touristique pueblo mágico au Mexique. En soulignant combien ce processus apparaît à contre‑ courant de la dichotomie anciennement établie entre Indiens et capitale, il s’agit d’apporter un éclairage sur les mutations des zones rurales et les relations entre les Indiens et la société nationale dans le contexte de la globalisation.
Montmartre ou l’autre Paris
Authors: Monjaret Anne , Niccolai Michela 
Published: October 2016

Surplombant Paris, la butte Montmartre est l’un des quartiers parisiens les plus connus. Les Montmartrois entretiennent depuis l’annexion de leur commune en 1860 et les événements de la Commune de Paris, un rapport singulier avec la capitale, s’en distinguant, jouant des frontières, pour mieux aussi l’absorber. Mais sous son double visage – à la fois village et capitale culturelle – Montmartre incarne la partie pour le tout, représentant le côté authentique de Paris, et plus encore son « cœur ».
Les infrastructures fluviales et l’essor des villes de la Meuse moyenne
Authors: Suttor Marc 
Published: October 2016

Débarcadères, ponts et moulins constituent des éléments importants de l’espace urbain. Au sein des villes de la Meuse moyenne, des origines au XVII e siècle, il paraît intéressant d’étudier l’emplacement de ces infrastructures fluviales, leur rôle dans l’évolution de l’espace urbain, les potentialités offertes par les différents sites. Cela permet de proposer, sous forme de synthèse, une courbe d’évolution, d’établir des comparaisons entre villes, de chercher les liens entre ces équipements et leur contexte politique et économique, de montrer combien ces infrastructures témoignent de l’essor urbain. Il convient donc de les intégrer au « faisceau de critères » utilisé pour définir et classifier les villes, à une typologie adéquate à décrire le phénomène urbain.
Constantinople dans les éloges impériaux de Michel VIII et d’Andronic II (1259-1328)
Authors: Parlier Matthieu 
Published: October 2016

Dès sa fondation comme capitale de l’Empire byzantin, au IV e siècle, Constantinople entretient des rapports complexes avec la légitimité impériale. Et la reprise de la Ville, aux mains des Latins, en 1261 , conduit les lettrés byzantins à réfléchir à nouveau à ces rapports, au centre desquels se trouve désormais la question de la légitimité de la nouvelle dynastie impériale des Paléologues. A travers les éloges impériaux rédigés entre 1261 et 1328, base de notre étude, se dessine alors, au-delà du portrait de la capitale de l’Empire byzantin, celui de l’empereur et une réflexion sur la nature de son pouvoir.
Associações de remadores teuto-brasileiros em Porto Alegre (1917): recomposições identitárias em um conflito bélico
Authors: Fernandes da Silva Carolina , Assmann Alice Beatriz , Klein Carmona Eduardo , Zarpellon Mazo Janice 
Published: October 2016

Este estudo busca interpretar as recomposições identitárias nas associações de remadores teuto-brasileiros porto-alegrenses, principalmente no ano de 1917, durante um conflito bélico. Para a construção do corpus documental da pesquisa foram analisadas atas de clubes e jornais. As fontes revelaram que, até 1917, nas associações de remo, espaços de lazer e sociabilidades de teuto-brasileiros, eram cultivadas práticas e representações de identidades culturais teuto-brasileiras como, por exemplo, o uso da língua alemã. Com a inserção do Brasil na Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), essas associações foram pressionadas ao abrasileiramento, ocorrendo negociações identitárias no cenário esportivo. A adoção do português na comunicação interna, bem como no nome original de associações são exemplos de mudanças.
Medidas antropométricas podem discriminar a ocorrência de alterações bioquímicas em mulheres acima de 50 anos praticantes de atividade física?
Authors: Petreça Daniel Rogério , Hauser Eduardo , Capeletto Eduardo , Santana Fabiano José , Gevaerd Monique Da Silva , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon 
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar por meio da sensibilidade e especificidade se variáveis antropométricas são discriminadoras de alterações bioquímicas de colesterol, triglicerídeos e glicemia em mulheres acima de 50 anos praticantes de atividade física. Participaram 139 mulheres com 50 anos ou mais de idade praticantes de atividade física regular. As variáveis antropométricas analisadas foram: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC); Perímetro de Cintura (PC); Razão cintura-quadril (RCQ); razão cintura estatura (RCE); Índice de conicidade (IC) e percentual de Gordura (%G). As variáveis bioquímicas analisadas foram: Glicemia (GL); Triglicerídeos (TG) e colesterol total (CT). Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e a curva ROC. Como resultado, IMC, PC, RCQ, RCE e %G discriminaram GL aumentada. A RCQ discriminou TG aumentada e nenhuma variável antropométrica discriminou CT aumentada. Conclui-se que o risco aumentado de alterações bioquímicas, glicemia e triglicerídeos, podem ser discriminadas por algumas variáveis antropométricas em mulheres acima de 50 anos praticantes de atividade física.
Chemotaxis and Immunoregulatory Function of Cardiac γδ T Cells in Dystrophin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Cascabulho Cynthia Machado , Beghini Daniela Gois , Meuser-Batista Marcelo , Penido Carmen , Henriques-Pons Andrea 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that lead to degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles and to chronic inflammation. Despite the importance of γδ T cells in many diseases, this cellular subpopulation has not been described in DMD patients or in mdx mice, a widely used mouse model for studying DMD. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the migration of γδ T cells to the cardiac muscle of mdx mice and to characterize their phenotype and functional activity. We observed no migration of γδ T cells to skeletal muscles, but these cells were found in the hearts of mdx mice during the study period, reaching a peak in 12-wk-old mice. These cells migrate primarily owing to CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines produced by cardiac tissue, and they are Vγ1+/CD27+ and thus produce high levels of IFN-γ. In vivo depletion of the γδ T cells revealed γδ T cell–dependent cardiac inflammatory immunoregulation, with increased numbers of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and, in particular, F4/80+ cells in the heart and increased cardiac damage in mdx mice. We also observed in vitro that purified cardiac Γδ T cells are cytotoxic against adherent endomysial cardiac cells, mostly macrophages, but not against peritoneal cells, in a perforin/granzyme–dependent manner. Our present data indicate that γδ T cells exert protective effects on the hearts of mdx mice, possibly by selectively killing pathogenic macrophages, and this function may be important for the late onset of cardiac damage in DMD.
Global Health and Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bills Corey B. , Ahn James 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Global health (GH) interest is increasing in graduate medical education (GME). The popularity of the GH topic has created growth in the GME literature.

Objective
The authors aim to provide a systematic review of published approaches to GH in GME.

Methods
We searched PubMed using variable keywords to identify articles with abstracts published between January 1975 and January 2015 focusing on GME approaches to GH. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated for content by authors to ensure relevance. Methodological quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), which has demonstrated reliability and validity evidence.

Results
Overall, 69 articles met initial inclusion criteria. Articles represented research and curricula from a number of specialties and a range of institutions. Many studies reported data from a single institution, lacked randomization and/or evidence of clinical benefit, and had poor reliability and validity evidence. The mean MERSQI score among 42 quantitative articles was 8.87 (2.79).

Conclusions
There is significant heterogeneity in GH curricula in GME, with no single strategy for teaching GH to graduate medical learners. The quality of literature is marginal, and the body of work overall does not facilitate assessment of educational or clinical benefit of GH experiences. Improved methods of curriculum evaluation and enhanced publication guidelines would have a positive impact on the quality of research in this area.
Transporte público y peatonalizaciones: De un matrimonio mal avenido a una relación de conveniencia
Authors: Moreno Gomez Clara , Matamoros Grande Sandra 
Published: October 2016

La relación entre el transporte público y las actuaciones de peatonalización de centros urbanos es siempre materia de discusión. En este caso queremos abordar el tema a través de la realización de entrevistas a los diferentes actores de la movilidad (desde responsables políticos, técnicos, hasta colectivos o asociaciones, operadores de transporte o viajeros individuales), recogiendo los motivos que les llevan a tomar una determinada posición respecto a este tema, buscando la confrontación entre las diferentes posturas de una manera abierta y conciliadora.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2155
New variables for detecting transport disadvantages. The role of social capital
Authors: DI CIOMMO FLORIDEA 
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the potential role of social capital variables on the transport mode choice. Traditionally travel behavior model included social capital as empowerment factor (i.e. social capital as substitute of financial capital) or as social network influence on travel choice. Only recently constraints of social capital are considered as factors influencing travel behavior (Swanen et al, 2015, Di Ciommo &amp; Martens, 2015).This article will show both aspects of empowerments and constraints of social capital in a dynamic way stressing two dynamic aspects of social capital: the building up social capital and use of social capital. Both aspects are related with the value of time: when you are doing something for others ( i.e. Voluntary actions, pick up all family members, etc) you are loosing your time, and your mode choice will be oriented to saving time, therefore a private mode will be chosen, while when you are using your social capital benefit (somebody else is helping you), you will easily choose the less flexible and more time consuming public transport. After defining social capital notion in both aspects of empowerments and constraints, a set of social capital variables is defined. Then two of these variables are tested through a smartphone short panel survey, where 100 individuals living or working in one surrounding southern area of Madrid have participated in entering their travel data for an entire working week. The estimated mixed-logit model that incorporated two “social capital variables: participation in voluntary activities and receiving help for various tasks (i.e. child care) show how people who have less social capital, but that are trying to build it up choose more private than public modes: building social capital stock has a cost in term of time that push people to use more flexible transport mode (i.e. private car), while people who have already a stock of social capital and can use it (i.e. helped people) receive time from others and are more relaxed in choosing a less flexible mode of transport such as public transport. Results confirm that when a new metro station is opened, the shift towards metro is higher in the case of people ”helped” and lower for those participating in some voluntary activities. From a policy point of view, it will be relevant to know if people leaving a specific area are more voluntary or helped oriented, for forecasting the future policies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2158
Methodological Analysis about the Potential Avoidabilty of Motor Vehicles Colliding Against Pedestrians in Urban Areas
Authors: Cabrerizo Sinca Julià , Campos Cacheda José Magín , Pérez Díez Fernando 
Published: October 2016

The main motivation of the authors of this article is to establish a rigorous definition of the potential capacity that a motor vehicle driver has to avoid a collision against a pedestrian. Henceforth we will call this capacity avoidability. To calculate the avoidability, it is necessary to analyze time, distance and itinerary, initial position of the pedestrian when exposed to the risk, initial speed; theoretical maximum speed developed by the vehicle and road limit speed; the driver’s reaction time and the influence of the environment; and the interrelation of the initial positions of vehicle and pedestrian with respect to the transversal axis of the road. The definition, categorized by variables, of a driver’s ability to avoid run over a pedestrian in an urban area has an evident usefulness: it allows knowing the influence of the initial speed of a vehicle as an isolated variable and the importance of the road limit speed in the ability to prevent an accident.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3481
Considerations on free public transport implementation - based on Krakow case
Authors: Zakowska Lidia , Piwowarczyk Maciej Adam , Aleksandrowicz Jan Hipolit 
Published: October 2016

New transport philosophy follows the equity criteria and should also lead toward sustainability and equity in building policies of public transport in cities. Implementation of free public transport for citizens is widely considered in different countries, cities and on several administrative government levels. However, there are not may examples of successful implementation if this concept in Europe. This work presents the discussion on multi-dimensional barriers, which make implementation of equity criteria to transport policies difficult. Both advantages and disadvantages of free of charge public transport system are presented, based on current discussions, as well as on some European examples, case studies and scientific evaluations. The case study simulation for the Krakow urban area is initiated and described, testing the effects of free of charge public transport on economic and mobility factors. Considerations presented in this work are based on current challenges to build green with multimodal transport, respecting factors of economy, traffic volumes, safety and environmental factors. It is predicted that success of free public transport for citizens could create a significant shift in travel demand from private car use toward trams and busses, reducing accident costs, decreasing congestion in city centers and limiting air pollution, contributing to social and economic growth of the whole metropolitan area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3523
Auroral meridian scanning photometer calibration using Jupiter
Authors: Jackel Brian J. , Unick Craig , Creutzberg Fokke , Baker Greg , Davis Eric , Donovan Eric F. , Connors Martin , Wilson Cody , Little Jarrett , Greffen M. , McGuffin Neil 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Observations of astronomical sources provide information that can significantly enhance the utility of auroral data for scientific studies. This report presents results obtained by using Jupiter for field cross calibration of four multispectral auroral meridian scanning photometers during the 2011–2015 Northern Hemisphere winters. Seasonal average optical field-of-view and local orientation estimates are obtained with uncertainties of 0.01 and 0.1°, respectively. Estimates of absolute sensitivity are repeatable to roughly 5 % from one month to the next, while the relative response between different wavelength channels is stable to better than 1 %. Astronomical field calibrations and darkroom calibration differences are on the order of 10 %. Atmospheric variability is the primary source of uncertainty; this may be reduced with complementary data from co-located instruments.
The Extent of Internal Control Units in the Government Sector with the Regulatory Standards of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Control Bodies (INTOSAI) in Jordan
Authors: Alhawatmeh Omar 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to statement the extent of internal control units in the government sector with the regulatory standards of the international organization of supreme audit control bodies (INTOSAI). In order to achieve the objectives of the study and the testing of hypotheses, the researcher designed a questionnaire, This questionnaire was distributed to Ministries, Department, dependent and independent institutions, a representative sample was selected to represent Ministries, Departments, dependent and independent institution study sample consist of internal control managers, directors control and employees, Out of the (300) questionnaires distributed, 249 were recovered with an adoption rate of 83%., For the statistical analysis purposes. The results showed that the commitment of internal control units in the Government sector regulatory standards, field standards, reporting standards of the international organization of Supreme Audit controls and accountability in General moderately came with the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, respectively (3.003) (0.535), and (3. 542) (0.610), and (3. 482) (1.022), The researcher attributed this result to it. Thus, the researcher attributed this result to the mechanism of internal control units action need to action strategies and future plans for its experience, skills and capabilities of both managers and workers employed by administrative government units and the need to strive towards the adoption of regulatory standards for the international organization of supreme audit control bodies (INTOSAI) in the Government sector, Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended the need for attention to the human element as one of the main components of internal control system. This is in terms of training and development to keep pace with scientific progress and the practical need to emphasize the reformulation of some legislation. Also, it helps with some of the aspects due to the need for harmonization between legislation. In addition, it helps with professional international standards, especially supreme control standards which give importance and effectiveness to financial control and other recommendations.
COMPACTAÇÃO DE UM CAMBISSOLO CAUSADA POR MÁQUINAS DE COLHEITA FLORESTAL ESPACIALIZADA COM GEOESTATÍSTICA
Authors: Sampietro Jean Alberto , Lopes Eduardo da Silva 
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto e a extensão em que Resistência à Penetração (RP) de um Cambissolo Húmico é afetada pelo tráfego de máquinas de colheita da madeira em povoamentos de Pinus taeda, utilizando métodos geoestatísticos. O estudo foi conduzido em áreas de uma empresa florestal localizada em Santa Catarina. Os tratamentos avaliados advieram da simulação de diferentes intensidades de tráfego. Foram realizadas leituras de RP nas trilhas de passagem dos rodados das máquinas e transversalmente em intervalos de 0,25 até 1,00 m e entre rodados, perfazendo uma malha de 5 x 20 m, sendo 55 pontos por tratamento e 330 no total, com dados obtidos em intervalos de 0,01 m até 0,80 m de profundidade. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e ajustaram-se modelos de semivariogramas para análise da dependência espacial e posterior realização de krigagem ordinária. Houve grande amplitude e variação da RP e predominância de ajuste de semivariogramas do tipo gaussiano, com forte grau de dependência espacial, de 0,774 a 0,929, e alcance variando de 0,83 a 2,12 m. Os métodos geoestatísticos permitiram determinar a extensão dos efeitos do tráfego, podendo servir de subsídio para melhoria no manejo do solo e planejamento das operações florestais.