bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helistroke: neurointerventionalist helicopter transport for interventional stroke treatment: proof of concept and rationale
Authors: Hui Ferdinand K , El Mekabaty Amgad , Schultz Jacky , Hong Kelvin , Horton Karen , Urrutia Victor , Naqvi Imama , Brast Shawn , Lynch John K , Nadareishvili Zurab 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeIt is increasingly recognized that time is one of the key determinants in acute stroke outcome when interventional stroke therapy is applied. With increasing device efficacy and understanding of imaging triage options, reducing pre-treatment time loss may be a critical component of improving interventional stroke outcomes for the population at large. Time sensitive procedures such as organ harvest have transported physicians to the patient site to improve time to procedure. Applying this same principle to interventional stroke management may be a valid paradigm.MethodsPrevious logistical deliberation with hospital and Medevac companies was carried out to provide the rationale and funding for helicopter transfer of a neurointerventionalist to an in-network hospital with an on-site angiographic suite. An appropriate patient with large vessel occlusion and an NIH Stroke Scale score >8 was identified. MRI was performed, then the Medevac transport system was activated and the intervention was carried out. Times were collected during the case and assessed for time efficiency.ResultsThe proof of concept case was identified and Medevac was consulted at 12:13 after verifying that no in-house emergencies would prevent physician departure. Weather clearance was obtained and stroke intervention confirmed as a go at 12:24. Groin puncture occurred at 13:07 and the intervention was completed at 13:41. The total time from decision-to-treat to groin puncture was 43 min and groin closure was completed at 77 min from decision-to-treat.ConclusionsThis proof of concept case is presented for logistical, financial and use-case analysis. As it is a first case, times can likely be improved. We assert that this model may be another option in the spoke-and-hub design of stroke systems of care.
Hydrogen production using aluminum-based materials prepared by mechanical milling
Authors: Guan X. , Luo P. , Dong S. J. 
Published: May 2017

Aluminum (Al)-based materials composited of different low melting point materials were prepared by mechanical ball-milling. Hydrogen production using these materials was investigated to help resolving the safety issues associated with the storage and transportation of hydrogen. The phase composition and microstructure of the Al-based composited materials were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. As observed in this study, the addition of low melting point metals (such as Sn, Bi and In) helped to lower the initial Al-water reaction temperature and to increase the yield in the production of hydrogen. Samples of optimized compositions, Al–6% Sn–4% Bi and Al–6% Sn–4% In, were found to exhibit high hydrogen production yields of up to 448 and 515 mL, respectively. Meanwhile, their hydrogen generation rates were increased.
Preparation and characterization of ZnS nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method
Authors: Wang Caifeng , Li Qingshan , Hu Bo 
Published: May 2017

ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method using zinc nitrate [Zn(NO[Formula: see text] ⋅ 6H2O] and thiourea [SC(NH[Formula: see text]] as sources of Zn[Formula: see text] and S[Formula: see text] ions and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide [CH3(CH2)[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text](CH3)3 ⋅ Br[Formula: see text]; CTAB] as a surface active agent. The structural, surface morphology and optical properties of ZnS nanoparticles as a function of growth temperature were investigated. The studies show that ZnS nanoparticles have high transmittance over 70% in the visible light range of 400–800 nm, and it has a strong green emission band at about 520 nm which originates from the recombination of electrons from the energy level of sulfur vacancies with the holes from the energy level of zinc vacancies. With the increase of the growth temperature, the XRD peak intensity and the size of ZnS nanoparticles increase, while the green emission intensity firstly increases and then decreases.
The influence of diagenetic and mineralogical factors on the breakdown and geotechnical properties of mudrocks
Authors: Cripps John C. , Czerewko Mourice A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Mudrocks comprise fine-grained, sediments, in which the modal grain size is <0.063 mm and clay minerals are often major constituents. In geotechnics the term defines a generic group of argillaceous lithologies ranging from stiff clay-soils to strong, partly metamorphosed rocks. In the UK outcrops occur extensively and they also lie concealed beneath later deposits. In engineering applications mudrocks can present challenging forms of behaviour, including rapid deterioration and structural breakdown during sampling and preparation for tests. Attempts to measure their geotechnical properties are often frustrated and misleading results appear in the literature. A review of the engineering properties of UK mudrocks and studies involving mudrocks of varying induration demonstrates the importance of composition and genesis in controlling physical behaviour and provides a framework for understanding variation in mudrocks. Various index tests have been appraised in terms of their value for predicting mudrock durability. It is newly proposed that style of breakdown provides guidance for predicting the mechanical properties and that simple index tests can supplant relatively expensive and time-consuming undisturbed sampling and testing, even where this is possible. This approach has potential for use in the prediction of fracture formation owing to changes in stress conditions and pore water pressure.
Correlative multi-scale imaging of shales: a review and future perspectives
Authors: Ma Lin , Fauchille Anne-Laure , Dowey Patrick J. , Figueroa Pilz Fernando , Courtois Loic , Taylor Kevin G. , Lee Peter D. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

As the fastest growing energy sector globally, shale and shale reservoirs have attracted the attention of both industry and scholars. However, the strong heterogeneity at different scales and the extremely fine-grained nature of shales makes macroscopic and microscopic characterization highly challenging. Recent advances in imaging techniques have provided many novel characterization opportunities of shale components and microstructures at multiple scales. Correlative imaging, where multiple techniques are combined, is playing an increasingly important role in the imaging and quantification of shale microstructures (e.g. one can combine optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy and X-ray radiography in 2D, or X-ray computed tomography and electron microscopy in 3D). Combined utilization of these techniques can characterize the heterogeneity of shale microstructures over a large range of scales, from macroscale to nanoscale (
c.
10
0
–10
−9
m). Other chemical and physical measurements can be correlated to imaging techniques to provide complementary information for minerals, organic matter and pores. These imaging techniques and subsequent quantification methods are critically reviewed to provide an overview of the correlative imaging workflow. Applications of the above techniques for imaging particular features in different shales are demonstrated, and key limitations and benefits summarized. Current challenges and future perspectives in shale imaging techniques and their applications are discussed.
Hey Factors at the Crossroad of Tumorigenesis and Clinical Therapeutic Modulation of Hey for Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Zihao , Sanders Andrew J. , Liang Gehao , Song Erwei , Jiang Wen G. , Gong Chang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHairy and Enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif (Hey) transcription factors are important regulators of stem cell embryogenesis. Clinical relevance shows that they are also highly expressed in malignant carcinoma. Recent studies have highlighted functions for the Hey factors in tumor metastasis, the maintenance of cancer cell self-renewal, as well as proliferation and the promotion of tumor angiogenesis. Pathways that regulate Hey gene expression, such as Notch and TGFβ signaling, are frequently aberrant in numerous cancers. In addition, Hey factors control downstream targets via recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDAC). Targeting these signaling pathways or HDACs may reverse tumor progression and provide clinical benefit for cancer patients. Thus, some small molecular inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies of each of these signaling pathways have been studied in clinical trials. This review focuses on the involvement of Hey proteins in malignant carcinoma progression and provides valuable therapeutic information for anticancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 775–86. ©2017 AACR.
Space metamorphosis:action in preexistence and questioning as project premise
Authors: Duran Nathalia Valença 
Published: May 2017

A ação em preexistência ocorre a partir do questionamento do espaço e pode ser entendida como premissa de projeto, recurso substancial para uma ação crítica e propositiva. Assim, pretende-se tatear como arquitetura e arte, em suas diversas escalas, enfrentam a lógica dos espaços e do vazio, buscando entender como é possível, com base no questionamento do espaço previamente dado, lidar com tempos sobrepostos, colocando-­‐o como foco da prática artística e arquitetônica. Para tanto, foram selecionados para estudo projetos de intervenções que enfrentam essa questão, mantendo reconhecível a preexistência: a Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, por Paulo Mendes da Rocha; o Solar do Unhão, por Lina Bo Bardi; a Reforma Prudência, de Andrade Morettin; o cenário da peça The Rotary Notary, por DS+R e Susan Mosakowski; a escultura Tilted arc de Richard Serra e a obra Detetor de Ausências, de Rubens Mano
Accuracy of Seattle Heart Failure Model and HeartMate II Risk Score in Non–Inotrope-Dependent Advanced Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Lanfear David E. , Levy Wayne C. , Stehlik Josef , Estep Jerry D. , Rogers Joseph G. , Shah Keyur B. , Boyle Andrew J. , Chuang Joyce , Farrar David J. , Starling Randall C. 
Published: May 2017

Background—
Timing of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in advanced heart failure patients not on inotropes is unclear. Relevant prediction models exist (SHFM [Seattle Heart Failure Model] and HMRS [HeartMate II Risk Score]), but use in this group is not established.

Methods and Results—

ROADMAP (Risk Assessment and Comparative Effectiveness of Left Ventricular Assist Device and Medical Management in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients) is a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized study of 200 advanced heart failure patients not on inotropes who met indications for LVAD implantation, comparing the effectiveness of HeartMate II support versus optimal medical management. We compared SHFM-predicted versus observed survival (overall survival and LVAD-free survival) in the optimal medical management arm (n=103) and HMRS-predicted versus observed survival in all LVAD patients (n=111) using Cox modeling, receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots. In the optimal medical management cohort, the SHFM was a significant predictor of survival (hazard ratio=2.98;
P
<0.001; ROC area under the curve=0.71;
P
<0.001) but not LVAD-free survival (hazard ratio=1.41;
P
=0.097; ROC area under the curve=0.56;
P
=0.314). SHFM showed adequate calibration for survival but overestimated LVAD-free survival. In the LVAD cohort, the HMRS had marginal discrimination at 3 (Cox
P
=0.23; ROC area under the curve=0.71;
P
=0.026) and 12 months (Cox
P
=0.036; ROC area under the curve=0.62;
P
=0.122), but calibration was poor, underestimating survival across time and risk subgroups.

Conclusions—
In non–inotrope-dependent advanced heart failure patients receiving optimal medical management, the SHFM was predictive of overall survival but underestimated the risk of clinical worsening and LVAD implantation. Among LVAD patients, the HMRS had marginal discrimination and underestimated survival post–LVAD implantation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01452802.
Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in Masters Endurance Athletes With a Low Atherosclerotic Risk Profile
Authors: Merghani Ahmed , Maestrini Viviana , Rosmini Stefania , Cox Andrew T. , Dhutia Harshil , Bastiaenan Rachel , David Sarojini , Yeo Tee Joo , Narain Rajay , Malhotra Aneil , Papadakis Michael , Wilson Mathew G. , Tome Maite , AlFakih Khaled , Moon James C. , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Studies in middle-age and older (masters) athletes with atherosclerotic risk factors for coronary artery disease report higher coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores compared with sedentary individuals. Few studies have assessed the prevalence of coronary artery disease in masters athletes with a low atherosclerotic risk profile.

Methods:
We assessed 152 masters athletes 54.4±8.5 years of age (70% male) and 92 controls of similar age, sex, and low Framingham 10-year coronary artery disease risk scores with an echocardiogram, exercise stress test, computerized tomographic coronary angiogram, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement and a 24-hour Holter. Athletes had participated in endurance exercise for an average of 31±12.6 years. The majority (77%) were runners, with a median of 13 marathon runs per athlete.

Results:

Most athletes (60%) and controls (63%) had a normal CAC score. Male athletes had a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques of any luminal irregularity (44.3% versus 22.2%;
P
=0.009) compared with sedentary males, and only male athletes showed a CAC ≥300 Agatston units (11.3%) and a luminal stenosis ≥50% (7.5%). Male athletes demonstrated predominantly calcific plaques (72.7%), whereas sedentary males showed predominantly mixed morphology plaques (61.5%). The number of years of training was the only independent variable associated with increased risk of CAC >70th percentile for age or luminal stenosis ≥50% in male athletes (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.15;
P
=0.016); 15 (14%) male athletes but none of the controls revealed late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Of these athletes, 7 had a pattern consistent with previous myocardial infarction, including 3(42%) with a luminal stenosis ≥50% in the corresponding artery.

Conclusions:
Most lifelong masters endurance athletes with a low atherosclerotic risk profile have normal CAC scores. Male athletes are more likely to have a CAC score >300 Agatston units or coronary plaques compared with sedentary males with a similar risk profile. The significance of these observations is uncertain, but the predominantly calcific morphology of the plaques in athletes indicates potentially different pathophysiological mechanisms for plaque formation in athletic versus sedentary men. Coronary plaques are more abundant in athletes, whereas their stable nature could mitigate the risk of plaque rupture and acute myocardial infarction.
Engaging homeless individuals in discussion about their food experiences to optimise wellbeing: A pilot study
Authors: Pettinger Clare , Parsons Julie M , Cunningham Miranda , Withers Lyndsey , D’Aprano Gia , Letherby Gayle , Sutton Carole , Whiteford Andrew , Ayres Richard 
Published: May 2017

Objective: High levels of social and economic deprivation are apparent in many UK cities, where there is evidence of certain ‘marginalised’ communities suffering disproportionately from poor nutrition, threatening health. Finding ways to engage with these communities is essential to identify strategies to optimise wellbeing and life skills. The Food as a Lifestyle Motivator project aimed to pilot creative methods among homeless adults for the examination of food-related experiences in order to facilitate their engagement in the wellbeing discourse. Design: Creative Participatory Action Research methods including Photo-Elicitation. Setting: A homeless service provider in Plymouth, UK. Method: A sample of homeless service users took photographs of their food activities over a 10-day period, and then volunteered to share their photos in focus group discussions to elicit meaning related to their food experiences. Results: Five themes were generated from nine service user narratives, demonstrating that food holds meaning, elicits emotions and exerts power. The food environment can be a critical social meeting place and food preparation can provide companionship and occupation. Conclusion: As well as being central to many health concerns, food may also be a powerful way to motivate people to change their lifestyle. The participatory methods used in this pilot hold potential to engage effectively with harder-to-reach service users. Discussions about their wellbeing indicate food as a powerful ‘catalyst’ for inclusion with the potential to empower individuals. The study serves to inform health education practice, design of services and address (nutritional) health inequalities.
Discordance between lifestyle-related health beliefs and behaviours of Saudi women in Dammam
Authors: Al-Bannay Hana R , Jarus Tal , Jongbloed Lyn , Dean Elizabeth 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Women living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia including in the Eastern Province have a high prevalence of lifestyle-related conditions for which targeted health education strategies are needed. This study’s objective was to explore their self-reported health status and the congruence of their lifestyle-related health beliefs and practices to inform health education programme development. Methods: A cross section of community-living Saudi women ( N = 407) living in Dammam (the capital of the Eastern Province) was sampled from regional health centres. Participants completed an interview survey questionnaire about their health status and their lifestyle-related health beliefs and practices. Results: In all, 44% of participants reported having an average but not excellent health. This finding was at odds with their unequivocal, evidence-supported beliefs about the positive relationship between exercise, good nutrition, not smoking and manageable stress, with health (⩾97%). Despite these strong beliefs, participants reported suboptimal levels of exercise, nutritional choices, stress and sleep quality and quantity for maximal health and wellbeing. Conclusion: Studies are warranted to explore and explain marked discrepancy between the positive health beliefs and lifestyle-related health practices of Saudi women living in Dammam, and to design effective health promotion education programmes to address this gap. Improving Saudi women’s health by narrowing the lifestyle-related health belief–practice gap may also maximise the health of families, given women’s pivotal role in managing the family, as well as individual health.
Coloniality in the Appropriation of Nature: Agrofuel Production, Dependency, and Constant Primitive Accumulation in the Periphery of Capitalism
Authors: Assis Wendell Ficher Teixeira , Franco Sérgio H. Rocha 
Published: May 2017

The expansion of sugarcane monoculture for the production of agrofuels since the early 2000s has caused territorial reconfigurations in the Brazilian countryside. This territorial reordering represents both a lucrative way of employing idle capital and the geographical expansion of capital domains. In the process, new markets are created and leveraged by discourses of environmental conservation while air, soil, and water are depredated and indigenous people, peasants, and quilombolas are dispossessed and dragged into new circuits of accumulation. Linked to the continuous search for new fronts of accumulation and the increasing commodification of nature, Brazilian agrofuel production may be understood as an expression of the logic of coloniality. A expansão da monocultura açucareira com vistas a produção de agro combustíveis tem causado reconfigurações territoriais na área rural brasileira. Implementada desde o princípio dos anos 2000, essa reordenação territorial apresenta ao mesmo tempo o emprego lucrativo do capital ocioso e a expansão geográfica do domínio do capital. Nesse processo, novos mercados são criados e alavancados por discursos ambientalistas, enquanto ar, solo e água são devastados. Demais, a população indígena, os campesinos e os quilombolas sofrem destituição e são forçados a integrar novos circuitos de acumulação. Relacionados à busca de novas frentes de acumulação e à comercialização da natureza, a produção brasileira de agro combustível pode ser compreendida como expressão da lógica da colonialidade.
Augmented Versus Nonaugmented Repair of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi-Jun , Zhang Chi , Wang Quan , Lin Xiang-Jin 
Published: May 2017

Background: Although simple end-to-end repair of the Achilles tendon is common, many augmented repair protocols have been implemented for acute Achilles tendon rupture. However, whether augmented repair is better than nonaugmented repair of an acute Achilles tendon rupture is still unknown. Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether augmented surgical repair of an acute Achilles tendon rupture improved subjective patient satisfaction without an increase in rerupture rates. Secondary outcomes assessed included infections, ankle range of motion, calf muscle strength, and minor complications. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing augmented repair and nonaugmented repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture from January 1980 to August 2016 in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science (SCI-E/SSCI/A&HCI), and EMBASE. The keywords (Achilles tendon rupture) AND (surg* OR operat* OR repair* OR augment* OR non-augment* OR end-to-end OR sutur*) were combined, and results were limited to human RCTs and controlled clinical trials published in the English language. Four RCTs involving 169 participants were eligible for inclusion; 83 participants were treated with augmented repair and 86 were treated with nonaugmented repair. Results: Augmented repair led to similar responses when compared with nonaugmented repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture (93% vs 90%, respectively; P = .53). The rerupture rates showed no significant difference for augmented versus nonaugmented repair (7.2% vs 9.3%, respectively; P = .69). No differences in superficial and deep infections occurred in augmented (7 infections) and nonaugmented (8 infections) repair groups during postoperative follow-up ( P = .89). The average incisional infection rate was 8.4% with augmented repair and 9.3% with nonaugmented repair. No significant differences in other complications were found between augmented (7.2%) and nonaugmented (8.1%) repair ( P = .80). Conclusion: Augmented repair, when compared with nonaugmented repair, was not found to improve patient satisfaction or reduce rerupture rate or infection rate. These conclusions are based on 4 trials with small sample sizes, and larger randomized trials are required to confirm these results.