bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q‐TWiST: What really matters to the cancer patient?
Authors: Husson Olga , Jones Robin L. 
Published: March 2017

The quality‐adjusted time without symptoms of disease or toxicity method improves on the current benchmarks of overall and progression‐free survival by adding adverse events and utility coefficients to account for patients' quality of life. This will provide patients and their caregivers with additional information critical to making treatment decisions.See also pages 2294‐302.
Iron‐Based Electrodes Meet Water‐Based Preparation, Fluorine‐Free Electrolyte and Binder: A Chance for More Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries?
Authors: Valvo Mario , Liivat Anti , Eriksson Henrik , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Edström Kristina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly and cost‐effective Li‐ion cells are fabricated with abundant, non‐toxic LiFePO4 cathodes and iron oxide anodes. A water‐soluble alginate binder is used to coat both electrodes to reduce the environmental footprint. The critical reactivity of LiPF6‐based electrolytes toward possible traces of H2O in water‐processed electrodes is overcome by using a lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) salt. The absence of fluorine in the electrolyte and binder is a cornerstone for improved cell chemistry and results in stable battery operation. A dedicated approach to exploit conversion‐type anodes more effectively is also disclosed. The issue of large voltage hysteresis upon conversion/de‐conversion is circumvented by operating iron oxide in a deeply lithiated Fe/Li2O form. Li‐ion cells with energy efficiencies of up to 92 % are demonstrated if LiFePO4 is cycled versus such anodes prepared through a pre‐lithiation procedure. These cells show an average energy efficiency of approximately 90.66 % and a mean Coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.65 % over 320 cycles at current densities of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mA cm−2. They retain nearly 100 % of their initial discharge capacity and provide an unmatched operation potential of approximately 2.85 V for this combination of active materials. No occurrence of Li plating was detected in three‐electrode cells at charging rates of approximately 5C. Excellent rate capabilities of up to approximately 30C are achieved thanks to the exploitation of size effects from the small Fe nanoparticles and their reactive boundaries.
Seasonal and temperature‐related movement of Colorado River cutthroat trout in a low‐elevation, Rocky Mountain stream
Authors: Hodge Brian W. , Battige Kyle D. , Rogers Kevin B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMobile species will migrate considerable distances to find habitats suitable for meeting life history requirements, and stream‐dwelling salmonids are no exception. In April–October 2014, we used radio‐telemetry to examine habitat use and movement of 36 Colorado River cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus (CRCT) in a 14.9‐km fragment of Milk Creek, a relatively low‐elevation stream in the Rocky Mountains (Colorado). We also used a network of data loggers to track stream temperature across time and space. Our objectives were to (1) characterize distribution and movement of CRCT, (2) evaluate seasonal differences in distribution and movement of CRCT, and (3) explore the relationship between stream temperature and distribution and movement of CRCT. During the course of our study, median range of CRCT was 4.81 km (range = 0.14–10.94) and median total movement was 5.94 km (range = 0.14–26.02). Median location of CRCT was significantly further upstream in summer than in spring, whereas range and movement of CRCT were greater in spring than in summer. Twenty‐six of the 27 CRCT tracked through mid‐June displayed a potamodromous (freshwater migratory) life history, migrating 1.8–8.0 km upstream during the spring spawning season. Four of the seven CRCT tracked through July migrated >1.4 km in summer. CRCT selected relatively cool reaches during summer months, and early‐summer movement was positively correlated with mean stream temperature. Study fish occupied stream segments in spring and fall that were thermally unsuitable, if not lethal, to the species in summer. Although transmitter loss limited the scope of inference, our findings suggest that preferred habitat is a moving target in Milk Creek, and that CRCT move to occupy that target. Because mobile organisms move among complementary habitats and exploit seasonally‐unsuitable reaches, we recommend that spatial and temporal variability be accounted for in delineations of distributional boundaries.
Measurement of troponin and natriuretic peptides shortly after admission in patients with heart failure—does it add useful prognostic information? An analysis of the Value of Endothelin Receptor Inhibition with Tezosentan in Acute heart failure Studies (VERITAS)
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Teerlink John R. , Davison Beth A. , Shoaib Ahmad , Metra Marco , Senger Stefanie , Milo Olga , Cotter Gad , Bourge Robert C. , Parker John D. , Jondeau Guillaume , Krum Henry , O'Connor Christopher M. , Torre‐Amione Guillermo , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , McMurray John J.V. ,   for the VERITAS Investigators
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivePlasma concentrations of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin are often measured for diagnostic purposes when patients are admitted with heart failure, but their prognostic value when measured soon after admission is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the added prognostic value of admission measurements of BNP and troponins in patients with acute heart failure.Methods and resultsMultivariable prognostic models for death or any worsening heart failure (WHF) or rehospitalization for WHF by 30 days, 30‐day death or rehospitalization for WHF, and 90‐day mortality were constructed using baseline data from the Value of Endothelin Receptor Inhibition with Tezosentan in Acute heart failure Studies (VERITAS) including BNP and troponin I. Of 1347 patients, the median (interquartile range) value of BNP was 422 (156–945) pg/mL and 855 (63%) had measurable troponin I. By 30 days, 432 patients had died or experienced WHF. Clinical variables had only moderate predictive performance that was not substantially improved by BNP or troponin I (c‐indices 0.6528 and 0.6595, respectively). By 30 days, 150 patients died or were rehospitalized for WHF. The c‐index using clinical variables (0.6855) was not improved by adding biomarkers. By 90 days, 135 patients had died. The c‐index for mortality was somewhat better than for composite outcomes (0.7394) but improved little with biomarkers (0.7461).ConclusionRoutine clinical data recorded at the time of admission in patients with acute heart failure are poor at predicting recurrent admissions but somewhat better at predicting mortality. Neither BNP nor troponin measured at admission improved predictions; measurement closer to discharge, or of other novel biomarkers, might perform differently.
Thermophilic microorganisms in arable land around medieval archaeological sites in Northern Caucasus, Russia: Novel evidence of past manuring practices
Authors: Chernysheva Elena , Korobov Dmitry , Borisov Alexander 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThermophilic microorganisms in the soils of medieval cultivated fields located within the Kislovodsk Basin (Northern Caucasus, Russia) were selected as a means for the reconstruction of manuring practices. Thermophilic bacteria are specific groups of microorganisms that develop in manure during the composting process when temperatures reach 60–70°C. The abundance of this type of bacteria in soils depends greatly on the intensity of farming practices. In medieval cultivated soils (Alanic Culture, A.D. 500–800), high numbers of thermophilic bacteria were observed, indicating the long‐term use of manure. In arable lands near Alanic settlements, the abundance of thermophilic bacteria decreased significantly with distance from the sites. The highest abundance of thermophilic bacteria was observed in the 500 m zone adjacent to the sites. Moreover, the highest concentration of thermophilic microorganisms was found in the soil within an Alanic corral. We suggest that dung accumulated in the paddock for a long time. Abundance of thermophilic microorganisms at archaeological sites could be used as a new indicator of the application of decomposed manure to ancient and medieval arable soils.
Dynamics of Celtic fields—A geoarchaeological investigation of Øster Lem Hede, Western Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Nina Helt , Dalsgaard Kristian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCeltic fields are the most widespread type of prehistoric field systems in northwestern Europe. Many questions remain regarding their formation and use, but these may potentially be answered through geoarchaeological investigations. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the formation of the field systems, the formation of the banks and lynchets demarcating the fields, and the prehistoric land use through geoarchaeological investigations of Øster Lem Hede, one of the best preserved Celtic fields in Denmark. Four trenches dug through selected field boundaries were sampled for geochemical, particle size, thin section, and pollen analyses, as well as radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. OSL dates show that the investigated banks were formed in the late Bronze Age/early Iron Age (oldest dates: c. 600 ± 140 B.C.), but cultivation predating the field system is also indicated. Particle size and multielement analyses indicate that the banks formed through accumulation of soil from the fields. Dynamic alterations of the layout and field boundaries in the form of added banks and temporarily discontinued boundaries were identified. Geochemistry, pollen, and microscopic inclusions in the soil indicate that the fields were amended with household waste, animal manure, and material from wetlands and heathland. Several different crops were grown including barley, flax, and spurry but also rye appears to have been present in the 2.500‐year‐old fields.
Functional brain segmentation using inter‐subject correlation in fMRI
Authors: Kauppi Jukka‐Pekka , Pajula Juha , Niemi Jari , Hari Riitta , Tohka Jussi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe human brain continuously processes massive amounts of rich sensory information. To better understand such highly complex brain processes, modern neuroimaging studies are increasingly utilizing experimental setups that better mimic daily‐life situations. A new exploratory data‐analysis approach, functional segmentation inter‐subject correlation analysis (FuSeISC), was proposed to facilitate the analysis of functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data sets collected in these experiments. The method provides a new type of functional segmentation of brain areas, not only characterizing areas that display similar processing across subjects but also areas in which processing across subjects is highly variable. FuSeISC was tested using fMRI data sets collected during traditional block‐design stimuli (37 subjects) as well as naturalistic auditory narratives (19 subjects). The method identified spatially local and/or bilaterally symmetric clusters in several cortical areas, many of which are known to be processing the types of stimuli used in the experiments. The method is not only useful for spatial exploration of large fMRI data sets obtained using naturalistic stimuli, but also has other potential applications, such as generation of a functional brain atlases including both lower‐ and higher‐order processing areas. Finally, as a part of FuSeISC, a criterion‐based sparsification of the shared nearest‐neighbor graph was proposed for detecting clusters in noisy data. In the tests with synthetic data, this technique was superior to well‐known clustering methods, such as Ward's method, affinity propagation, and K‐means
. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2643–2665, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basis of bone metabolism around dental implants during osseointegration and peri‐implant bone loss
Authors: Insua Angel , Monje Alberto , Wang Hom‐Lay , Miron Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite the growing number of publications in the field of implant dentistry, there are limited studies to date investigating the biology and metabolism of bone healing around dental implants and their implications in peri‐implant marginal bone loss. The aim of this review article is to provide a thorough understanding of the biological events taking place during osseointegration and the subsequent early and late phases of bone remodeling around dental implants. An update on the coupling mechanism occurring during bone resorption‐bone remodeling is provided, focused on the relevance of the osteocytes, bone lining cells and immune cells during bone maintenance. An electronic and manual literature search was conducted by three independent reviewers in several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register databases for articles up to September 2016 with no language restriction. Local bone metabolism is subject to signals from systemic calcium‐phosphate homeostasis and bone remodeling. Three areas of interest were reviewed due to recent reported compromises in bone healing including the putative effects of (1) cholesterol, (2) hyperlipidemia, and (3) low vitamin D intake. Moreover, the prominent influence of osteocytes and immune cells is discussed as being key regulators during dental implant osseointegration and maintenance. These cells are of crucial importance in the presence of biofilm accumulation and their associated byproducts that leads to hard and soft tissue breakdown; the so called peri‐implantitis. Factors that could negatively impact osteoclastogenesis or osteal macrophage activation should be monitored in future research including implant placement/torque protocols, bone characteristics, as well as meticulous maintenance programs to favor osseointegration and future long‐term stability and success of dental implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2075–2089, 2017.
Three‐dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for long‐term maintenance and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lalwani Gaurav , D'agati Michael , Gopalan Anu , Patel Sunny C. , Talukdar Yahfi , Sitharaman Balaji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExpansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintenance of their self‐renewal capacity in vitro requires specialized robust cell culture systems. Conventional approaches using animal‐derived or artificial matrices and a cocktail of growth factors have limitations such as consistency, scalability, pathogenicity, and loss of MSC phenotype. Herein, we report the use of all‐carbon 3‐D single‐ and multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) as artificial matrices for long‐term maintenance and expansion of human MSCs. Three‐dimensional SWCNT and MWCNT scaffolds were fabricated using a novel radical initiated thermal cross‐linking method that covalently cross‐links CNTs to form 3‐D macroporous all‐carbon architectures. Adipose‐derived human MSCs showed good cell viability, attachment, proliferation, and infiltration in MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds comparable to poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds (baseline control). ADSCs retained stem cell phenotype after 30 days and satisfied the International Society for Cellular Therapy's (ISCT) minimal criteria for MSCs. Post expansion, (1) ADSCs showed in vitro adherence to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS); (2) MSC surface antigen expression [CD14(−), CD19(−), CD34(−), CD45(−), CD73(+), CD90(+), CD105(+)]; and (3) trilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Results show that cross‐linked 3‐D MWCNTs and SWCNTs scaffolds are suitable for ex vivo expansion and maintenance of MSCs for therapeutic applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1927–1939, 2017.
Thiol surface functionalization via continuous phase plasma polymerization of allyl mercaptan, with subsequent maleimide‐linked conjugation of collagen
Authors: Stynes Gil D. , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Kiroff George K. , Morrison Wayne A. , Kirkland Mark A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThiol groups can undergo a large variety of chemical reactions and are used in solution phase to conjugate many bioactive molecules. Previous research on solid substrates with continuous phase glow discharge polymerization of thiol‐containing monomers may have been compromised by oxidation. Thiol surface functionalization via glow discharge polymerization has been reported as requiring pulsing. Herein, continuous phase glow discharge polymerization of allyl mercaptan (2‐propene‐1‐thiol) was used to generate significant densities of thiol groups on a mixed macrodiol polyurethane and tantalum. Three general classes of chemistry are used to conjugate proteins to thiol groups, with maleimide linkers being used most commonly. Here the pH specificity of maleimide reactions was used effectively to conjugate surface‐bound thiol groups to amine groups in collagen. XPS demonstrated surface‐bound thiol groups without evidence of oxidation, along with the subsequent presence of maleimide and collagen. Glow discharge reactor parameters were optimized by testing the resistance of bound collagen to degradation by 8 M urea. The nature of the chemical bonding of collagen to surface thiol groups was effectively assessed by colorimetric assay (ELISA) of residual collagen after incubation in 8 M urea over 8 days and after incubation with keratinocytes over 15 days. The facile creation of useable solid‐supported thiol groups via continuous phase glow discharge polymerization of allyl mercaptan opens a route for attaching a vast array of bioactive molecules. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1940–1948, 2017.
Physiological state as transferable operating criterion to improve recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris through oxygen limitation
Authors: Garcia‐Ortega Xavier , Valero Francisco , Montesinos‐Seguí José Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe yeast Pichia pastoris is widely used as a production platform for secreted recombinant protein. The application of oxygen‐limiting conditions leads to an important increase in protein specific productivity driven by the GAP promoter.RESULTSThe physiological and metabolic adaptation of the host to a wide range of oxygen availability has been systematically studied in glucose‐limited chemostat cultivations producing an antibody fragment (Fab). A weighty increase of up to 3‐fold of the specific Fab production rate (qFab) and Fab yield (YPX) has been achieved for the optimal conditions. Besides the remarkable increase on both Fab yield and productivity, as a consequence of the metabolic shift from respiratory to respiro‐fermentative pathways, a decrease on biomass yield and generation of several secreted by‐products have been observed.CONCLUSIONThe accurate system characterization achieved throughout the bioprocess specific rates and the monitoring of cell physiology allowed the determination of the optimal conditions to enhance bioprocess efficiency. This work also presents a versatile approach based on the physiological state of the yeast that can be used to implement the desired oxygen‐limiting conditions to fermentations set‐ups with different oxygen transfer capacities, alternative operating modes, and even for the production of other proteins of interest. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A New Class of Graphs That Satisfies the Chen‐Chvátal Conjecture
Authors: Aboulker P. , Matamala M. , Rochet P. , Zamora J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA well‐known combinatorial theorem says that a set of n non‐collinear points in the plane determines at least n distinct lines. Chen and Chvátal conjectured that this theorem extends to metric spaces, with an appropriated definition of line. In this work, we prove a slightly stronger version of Chen and Chvátal conjecture for a family of graphs containing chordal graphs and distance‐hereditary graphs.
Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care
Authors: Wang Yi , Spincemaille Pascal , Liu Zhe , Dimov Alexey , Deh Kofi , Li Jianqi , Zhang Yan , Yao Yihao , Gillen Kelly M. , Wilman Alan H. , Gupta Ajay , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Chiang Gloria Chia‐Yi , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Tanenbaum Lawrence , Chen Weiwei , Zhu Wenzhen , Chang Shixin , Lou Min , Kopell Brian H. , Kaplitt Michael G. , Devos David , Hirai Toshinori , Huang Xuemei , Korogi Yukunori , Shtilbans Alexander , Jahng Geon‐Ho , Pelletier Daniel , Gauthier Susan A. , Pitt David , Bush Ashley I. , Brittenham Gary M. , Prince Martin R. 
Published: March 2017

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes. Therefore, QSM can be used to assess important tissue functions and disease. To facilitate QSM clinical translation, this review aims to organize pertinent information for implementing a robust automated QSM technique in routine MRI practice and to summarize available knowledge on diseases for which QSM can be used to improve patient care. In brief, QSM can be generated with postprocessing whenever gradient echo MRI is performed. QSM can be useful for diseases that involve neurodegeneration, inflammation, hemorrhage, abnormal oxygen consumption, substantial alterations in highly paramagnetic cellular iron, bone mineralization, or pathologic calcification; and for all disorders in which MRI diagnosis or surveillance requires contrast agent injection. Clinicians may consider integrating QSM into their routine imaging practices by including gradient echo sequences in all relevant MRI protocols.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:951–971.