bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Radiographic Classification for Retrograde Peri-implantitis
Authors: Shah Rucha , Thomas Raison , Kumar AB Tarun , Mehta Dhoom Singh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundRetrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) is an inflammatory disease that affects the apical part of an osseointegrated implant, while the coronal portion of the implant sustains a normal bone-to-implant interface. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for implantologists. There is lack of a standard classification system and a definite treatment algorithm for the same. This article aims to introduce a classification system for RPI based on the radiographic amount of bone loss around an implant apex.Materials and methodsA search of PubMed database was conducted with the keywords “retrograde peri-implantitis” and “implant periapical lesion.” Preoperative intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs of implants with RPI in case reports/case series were compiled. A total of 54 IOPAs from 36 articles were compiled and were assessed.ResultsThree different classes were proposed. The amount of bone loss from the apex of the implant to the most coronal part of radiolucency was calculated as a percentage of the total implant length and classified into one of the three classes: Mild, moderate, and advanced. Treatment options and prognosis have been suggested for each class.ConclusionThe proposed classification may allow for an easy and reproducible radiographic assessment of the RPI lesion and may serve as a guideline to prognosis and treatment planning.How to cite this articleShah R, Thomas R, Kumar ABT, Mehta DS. A Radiographic Classification for Retrograde Periimplantitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):313-321.
Enamel Wetness Effects on Microshear Bond Strength of Different Bonding Agents (Adhesive Systems): An in vitro Comparative Evaluation Study
Authors: Kulkarni Girish , Mishra Vinay K 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of enamel wetness on microshear bond strength using different adhesive systems.

Objectives
To evaluate microshear bond strength of three bonding agents on dry enamel; to evaluate microshear bond strength of three bonding agents on wet enamel; and to compare microshear bond strength of three different bonding agents on dry and wet enamel.

Materials and methods
Sixty extracted noncarious human premolars were selected for this study. Flat enamel surfaces of approximately 3 mm were obtained by grinding the buccal surfaces of premolars with water-cooled diamond disks. This study evaluated one etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Single Bond 2) and two self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno-V). The specimens were divided into two groups (n = 30). Group I (dry) was air-dried for 30 seconds and in group II (wet) surfaces were blotted with absorbent paper to remove excess water. These groups were further divided into six subgroups (n = 10) according to the adhesives used. The resin composite, Filtek Z 250, was bonded to flat enamel surfaces that had been treated with one of the adhesives, following the manufacturer's instructions. After being stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours, bonded specimens were stressed in universal testing machine (Fig. 3) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Tukey's Multiple Post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results
The two-way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Post hoc tests showed significant differences among adhesive systems, but wetness did not influence microshear bond strength (p = 0.1762). The one-way ANOVA and t-test showed that the all-in-one adhesive (Xeno-V) was the only material influenced by the presence of water on the enamel surface. Xeno-V showed significantly higher microshear bond strength when the enamel was kept wet. Single Bond 2 adhesive showed significantly higher microshear bond strength as compared with Xeno-V adhesive but no significant difference when compared with Clearfil SE Bond adhesive in dry enamel. Single Bond 2 adhesive showed no significant difference in microshear bond strength as compared with self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno-V), when the enamel was kept wet.

Conclusion
From the findings of the results, it was concluded that self-etching adhesives were not negatively affected by the presence of water on the enamel surface.

Clinical significance
The all-in-one adhesive showed different behavior depending on whether the enamel surface was dry or wet. So the enamel surface should not be desiccated, when self-etching adhesives are used.

How to cite this article
Kulkarni G, Mishra VK. Enamel Wetness Effects on Microshear Bond Strength of Different Bonding Agents (Adhesive Systems): An in vitro Comparative Evaluation Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):399-407.
Inequality in Under-Five Mortality in Iran: A National and Subnational Survey Data Analysis
Authors: Amini Rarani Mostafa , Rashidian Arash , Arab Mohammad , Khosravi Ardeshir , Abbasian Ezatollah 
Published: July 2016

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Despite substantial progress in the national average of under-five mortality rate in Iran, distribution of under-five mortality across different socioeconomic groups is unknown. This study measured socioeconomic inequality in under-five mortality in Iran and across its provinces.</p><p><strong>METHOD: </strong>Using data from provincially representative Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, conducted in Iran in 2010, we developed an accurate principal component analysis model to construct an indicator of socioeconomic status of Iranian households. Under-five mortality rates at national and subnational level were estimated using full birth history. The indicator then was used to measure inequality in under-five mortality using Wagstaff normalised concentration index (WCI) at national and subnational levels. </p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Estimates of Wagstaff normalised concentration indices showed a pro-rich inequality in under-five mortality at national and subnational levels. The concentration index of under-five mortality in Iran was -0.197. Moreover, the consistent negative values of the concentration indices indicated that under-five mortality inequality disfavored the worst-off in all provinces. However, the inequality varied among provinces and ranged from -0.013 to -0.487. At national level there was a descending trend in the under-five mortality rate as one moves higher up in the socioeconomic quintiles.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>This study suggests that further reduction in under-five mortality not only requires addressing the national average but also needs considering inequality in under-five mortality. Therefore, child health policy requires looking beyond the average, putting equality and average together at both national and sub national levels.</p>
The Effect of Oil Price Shocks on Economic Activity in Saudi Arabia: Econometric Approach
Authors: Algahtani Goblan J 
Published: July 2016

<p>This paper is attempt to investigate the effect of oil price shocks on the Saudi's economic activity using annual data (1970-2015) to cover all of oil price shocks; particularly the recent decline in oil prices amid 2014. The vector autoregressive (VAR) and vector error correction model (VECM) were utilized to investigate the long-run and the short-run relationships between variables. The findings suggest a positive and significant relationship between oil prices and the Saudi's GDP in the long run. </p><p> </p>
Relationship between behavioural diversity and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites: a case study with cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Miller LJ , Pisacane CB , Vicino GA 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ability to monitor the welfare of animal collections in zoological institutions is critical to the mission of these facilities. Historically, zoos have utilised negative indicators of welfare, such as stereotypic behaviour to examine and monitor collection animals. However, absence of stereotypic behaviour or negative indicators of welfare does not indicate that an animal is thriving. The goal of the current study was to continue efforts to validate behavioural diversity as an indicator of welfare using cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) as a model species. Behavioural and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite data were collected on 18 cheetah at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park over a period of three months to explore the relationship between behavioural diversity and adrenal hormones related to the stress response. Results suggest that behavioural diversity can be utilised as an indicator of animal welfare to monitor animal collections within zoological facilities. However, additional research with other species should be conducted to better understand behavioural diversity as a positive indicator of animal welfare. We hope this manuscript will increase discussion surrounding behavioural diversity as well as increase efforts to validate it as an indicator of welfare.
Measurements of fine particle size using image processing of a laser diffraction image
Authors: Tsubaki Kotaro 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The measurement of fine particle size is important in spray systems, minimum quantity lubrication, and weather observation. Introducing the recent progress of imaging techniques, the authors developed a portable measurement system. To overcome the large light intensity difference between the incident laser light and diffracted light and the limitation of the dynamic range of imaging devices, the event correlation was adopted. The growth of droplets in fog was experimentally measured.
Radiative characteristics of clouds embedded in smoke derived from airborne multiangular measurements
Authors: Gautam Ritesh , Gatebe Charles K. , Singh Manoj K. , Várnai Tamás , Poudyal Rajesh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractClouds in the presence of absorbing aerosols result in their apparent darkening, observed at the top of atmosphere (TOA), which is associated with the radiative effects of aerosol absorption. Owing to the large radiative effect and potential impacts on regional climate, above‐cloud aerosols have recently been characterized in multiple satellite‐based studies. While satellite data are particularly useful in showing the radiative impact of above‐cloud aerosols at the TOA, recent literature indicates large uncertainties in satellite retrievals of above‐cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA), which are among the most important parameters in the assessment of associated radiative effects. In this study, we analyze radiative characteristics of clouds in the presence of wildfire smoke using airborne data primarily from NASA's Cloud Absorption Radiometer, collected during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites campaign in Canada during the 2008 summer season. We found a strong positive reflectance (R) gradient in the UV‐visible (VIS)‐near infrared (NIR) spectrum for clouds embedded in dense smoke, as opposed to an (expected) negative gradient for cloud‐free smoke and a flat spectrum for smoke‐free cloud cover. Several cases of clouds embedded in thick smoke were found, when the aircraft made circular/spiral measurements, which not only allowed the complete characterization of angular distribution of smoke scattering but also provided the vertical distribution of smoke and clouds (within 0.5–5 km). Specifically, the largest darkening by smoke was found in the UV/VIS, with R0.34μm reducing to 0.2 (or 20%), in contrast to 0.8 at NIR wavelengths (e.g., 1.27 µm). The observed darkening is associated with large AODs (0.5–3.0) and moderately low SSA (0.85–0.93 at 0.53 µm), resulting in a significantly large instantaneous aerosol forcing efficiency of 254 ± 47 W m−2 τ−1. Our observations of smoke‐cloud radiative interactions were found to be physically consistent with theoretical plane‐parallel 1‐D and Monte Carlo 3‐D radiative transfer calculations, capturing the observed gradient across UV‐VIS‐NIR. Results from this study offer insights into aerosol‐cloud radiative interactions and may help in better constraining satellite retrieval algorithms.
Microstructural foundations of the strength and resilience of LLDPE artificial turf yarn
Authors: Ragaert K. , Delva L. , Van Damme N. , Kuzmanovic M. , Hubo S. , Cardon L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe production of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) yarns for artificial turf is an advanced extrusion process, which relies heavily on the polymer's semicrystalline structure and inherent strengthening mechanisms to obtain the tailored mechanical properties so typical for turf yarns: a combination of strength and resilience. This review aims to bring together all relevant aspects in the structure–materials–processing interaction triangle which is so strongly in evidence in this application, by first summarizing the specific structural origins of the properties of the semicrystalline LLDPE and then discussing how structure evolves during the different steps of the production process, to eventually come to the final product properties of the yarn. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44080.
Replacement of conventional dedusting agents with green alternatives in production of rock mineral wool insulation products
Authors: Mirnik L. , Kovačič S. , Huskić M. , Pahovnik D. , Žagar E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe possibility to replace commonly used dedusting agents based on mineral oil with more sustainable vegetable oils as representatives of natural and environmental friendly materials is studied. Different anionic and nonionic emulsifying additives are studied as well. The stability of binder mixtures consisting of phenol‐formaldehyde resin, urea, silane, and various dedusting agents is evaluated, and the adhesion of binder mixtures to the rock sand is analyzed by the sandbar test. Adequate stability of binder mixtures and high bending strength to break the bars are achieved when binder mixtures contained dedusting emulsions based on mineral or vegetable oil as well as their combination emulsified with lignosulfonate salt. The combination of mineral or vegetable oil with nonionic emulsifier on the other hand shows poor stability of binder mixtures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44165.
Label‐free live cell imaging by Confocal Raman Microscopy identifies CHO host and producer cell lines
Authors: Prats Mateu Batirtze , Harreither Eva , Schosserer Markus , Puxbaum Verena , Gludovacz Elisabeth , Borth Nicole , Gierlinger Notburga , Grillari Johannes 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs a possible viable and non‐invasive method to identify high producing cells, Confocal Raman Microscopy was shown to be able to differentiate CHO host cell lines and derivative production clones. Cluster analysis of spectra and their derivatives was able to differentiate between different producer cell lines and a host, and also distinguished between an intracellular region of high lipid and protein content that in structure resembles the Endoplasmic Reticulum. This ability to identify the ER may be a major contributor to the identification of high producers. PCA enabled the discrimination even of host cell lines and their subclones with inherently higher production capacity. The method is thus a promising option that may contribute to early, non‐invasive identification of high potential candidates during cell line development and possibly could also be used for proof of identity of established production clones.
Developing power‐aware scheduling mechanisms for computing systems virtualized by Xen
Authors: Ren Shenyuan , He Ligang , Zhu Huanzhou , Gu Zhuoer , Song Wei , Shang Jiandong 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCloud computing emerges as one of the most important technologies for interconnecting people and building the so‐called Internet of People (IoP). In such a cloud‐based IoP, the virtualization technique provides the key supporting environments for running the IoP jobs such as performing data analysis and mining personal information. Nowadays, energy consumption in such a system is a critical metric to measure the sustainability and eco‐friendliness of the system. This paper develops three power‐aware scheduling strategies in virtualized systems managed by Xen, which is a popular virtualization technique. These three strategies are the Least performance Loss Scheduling strategy, the No performance Loss Scheduling strategy, and the Best Frequency Match scheduling strategy. These power‐aware strategies are developed by identifying the limitation of Xen in scaling the CPU frequency and aim to reduce the energy waste without sacrificing the jobs running performance in the computing systems virtualized by Xen. Least performance Loss Scheduling works by re‐arranging the execution order of the virtual machines (VMs). No performance Loss Scheduling works by setting a proper initial CPU frequency for running the VMs. Best Frequency Match reduces energy waste and performance loss by allowing the VMs to jump the queue so that the VM that is put into execution best matches the current CPU frequency. Scheduling for both single core and multicore processors is considered in this paper. The evaluation experiments have been conducted, and the results show that compared with the original scheduling strategy in Xen, the developed power‐aware scheduling algorithm is able to reduce energy consumption without reducing the performance for the jobs running in Xen. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A topic community‐based method for friend recommendation in large‐scale online social networks
Authors: He Chaobo , Li Hanchao , Fei Xiang , Yang Atiao , Tang Yong , Zhu Jia 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOnline social networks (OSNs) have become more and more popular and have attracted a great many users. Friend recommendation, which is one of the important services in OSN, can help users discover their interested friends and alleviate the problem of information overload. However, most of existing recommendation methods only consider either user link or content information and hence are not effective enough to provide high quality recommendations. In this paper, we propose a topic community‐based method via Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF). This method first applies joint NMF model to mine topic communities existing in OSN by combing link and content information. Then it computes user pairwise similarities and makes friends recommendation based on topic communities. Furthermore, this method can be implemented using the MapReduce distributed computing framework. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method not only has better recommendation performance than state‐of‐the‐art methods but also has good scalability to deal with the problem of friend recommendation in large‐sale OSNs. Moreover, the application case demonstrates that it can significantly improve friend recommendation service in the real world OSN. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational Design of New Heterofullerene‐Based Biomimetic α‐Carbonic Anhydrase Analogues
Authors: Verma Manju , Deshpande Parag A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe biomimetic CO2 hydration activity of Ru/Rh‐doped fullerenes was revealed by using density functional theory calculations. The mechanism of CO2 hydration on the proposed heterofullerenes followed the mechanistic action of α‐carbonic anhydrases, and consisted of the adsorption and deprotonation of H2O, CO2 interaction with hydroxyl groups, CO2 bending, and proton transfer to give the
product. Free‐energy landscapes for the reaction showed the catalysts to be active for the reaction. H2O adsorption over the catalysts was exergonic whereas CO2 adsorption over the catalyst–OH complex was observed to be an endergonic process. Intramolecular proton transfer resulting in the final product,
, was found to be the rate‐limiting step for the reaction on C56N3M (M=Ru/Rh), whereas H2O dissociation was found to be the rate‐limiting step for the reaction on C59M (M=Ru/Rh). C56N3M catalysts were found to be superior to C59M catalysts for biomimetic CO2 hydration, as indicated by the free‐energy landscapes and energy requirements.
Origins, production, and utilization of cassava in Burkina Faso, a contribution of a neglected crop to household food security
Authors: Guira Flibert , Some Koussao , Kabore Donatien , Sawadogo‐Lingani Hagrétou , Traore Yves , Savadogo Aly 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food plant introduced in Africa from America by the Portuguese in 1558. The objective of this study is to establish cassava origins, production, and utilization in Burkina Faso. The investigation was carried out in the regions of Center West, Cascades, Boucle du Mouhoun, Hauts Bassins, South West, and Center East of Burkina Faso. Eighteen cassava processing units and 226 farmers in 57 communities from the selected regions have been involved in the survey. The investigation showed that cassava was introduced to Burkina Faso, former Upper Volta from the costal countries, Gold Coast (now Ghana), by both local traders and the Roman Catholic White missionaries. This happened between the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The main variety introduced was Banfti. Some improved varieties like V5 (94/0270), Banké (V2), 68.61, 30572, KTMA developed by research are now available and used by farmers along with the traditional varieties like manchien, santidougou, tchinda yaar, léo. The cases of intoxication evoked by some farmers are evidence that some of those varieties may have a high level of cyanohydric acid content. Cassava is available all the year throughout the country. But the top of cassava production is reached in July. Most of the small‐scale farmers (98%) grow cassava both for household use and as income generator. About 83.92% of cassava farmers have less than 10 tons as annual production and only 1.72% of them can produce more than 100 tons. The main food products based on cassava found in communities are raw roots, boiled roots, roasted roots, tô, attiéké, tapioca, ragout, beignets, boiled leaves, soup (with leaves), cassava juice, etc. And the main cassava‐processed products in the processing units are attiéké, gari, tapioca, and flour. Cassava contributes greatly to household food security during food shortage period. It sustains families for weeks as food and is also exchanged with other foods or sold to buy food or meet household needs.