bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business datasets and record linkage: Correlates of linkage and estimating risks of non-linkage biases.
Authors: Moore Jamie , Durrant Gabriele , Smith Peter W. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesOur first objective is to investigate how between subject differences in the likelihood of record linkage consent and record linkability determine the composition of and so risks of biases in estimates from linkable business datasets. The utility of datasets linking information from multiple sources is compromised by such non-linkage biases, but both components of the linkage process have rarely been considered. Our second objective is to introduce methods for evaluating non-linkage bias risks in datasets. Such evaluations can inform linkage method choice and assessment of the validity of linked dataset findings. Previous work, often lacking non-linked subject information on non-sample dataset covariates, tends to utilise overall linkage rates as quality measures, but in the related area of survey non-response correlations between analogous response rates and non-response biases are weak.
Approach We utilise the UK 2010 Small Business Survey (SBS) dataset. If a survey subject consents to record linkage, an attempt is made to append their Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) identifier (if one exists), enabling linkage to other surveys etc. Given this, we evaluate bias risks arising from variation in subject linkage consent and identifier appendability, as well as its product, overall linkability, utilising representativeness indicators developed to evaluate survey non-response bias risks. These measure risks in terms of sample-subset similarity (representativeness) given an attribute covariate set obtained from the sample dataset, based on variation in subject inclusion propensities estimated by logistic regression, and are decomposable to assess correlates of inclusion propensity variation. Specifically, we use the CV (the standard deviation of inclusion propensities divided their mean), computed given nine attribute covariates describing business demography and perceived performance.
ResultsWe give full details in our presentation. Briefly, overall CVs suggest the linkable dataset exhibits substantial non-representativeness and non-linkage bias risk. Decompositions suggest main impacts on the linkable dataset are under-representation of very small businesses (those with low turnovers, few employees and / or un-incorporated), due to being both less likely to consent and less likely to have an identifier appended, and under-representation of businesses unable / refusing to respond to survey items, due to being less likely to consent.
Conclusions Our analyses provide evidence of non-linkage bias risks in linked SBS datasets caused by under-representation of several sample subgroups. Each is explicable given known IDBR under-coverage or knowledge of business response processes. We also conclude that representativeness indicators are an easily applied method by which such risks can be evaluated.
Business Intelligence System for Government and the Community
Authors: Radbone Christopher 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesBusiness Intelligence System for Government and the Community's goal is to assist the delivery of quality publically funded services and infrastructure informed by evaluation and research. Governments drive for open data can facilitate reduced budget expenditure and maximised value and benefit to citizens from government funded services and infrastructure. The challenge is to incorporate non-for-profit and for-profit organisation's data into this business intelligence and reporting capacity. Obviously there are necessary governance issues to be resolved to include non-government data. These issues include ensuring the legal release of data as well maintaining the trust of the community through adequate data security, privacy protection and demonstration of public benefit from the use of sensitive data. In building on the government's capability to bring together data for public good purposes, the wider community needs to be included for the ability to monitor, evaluate and perform research at a unit record level on publically funded government and non-for-profit provided services.
ApproachIt is critically important to demonstrate trust to both the community and delegated Data Custodians responsible for approving data release and use. This ability to bridge across the government and community has three goals including:
1. Striving for world class public funded services and infrastructure including Health & Wellbeing, Education, Training, Economic, Employment, Criminal and Justice, Social Services.2. Providing the evidence base to inform Policy, Planning, Evaluation, Monitoring of Programs, and to promote Innovation.3. Providing cost effective and appropriate service delivery, infrastructure and programs - informed by Science & Research.
With multiple tiers of government and multiple agencies collecting and maintaining large databases, resulting in silos which prevent bringing together an evidence base, consideration is required on how best to collect and utilise the data from the non-for-profit and for-profit sectors to inform government planning, priorities and spending.
A federated model is required to bring together data from multiple agencies and organisations, with the critical role of a trusted third party data broker for assurance of privacy protecting and governance.
ResultsThere are significant challenges from multiple jurisdictions and tiers government, and the need to facilitates legal data access for ethically approved use. Legislative reform is required to provide the approved processes to demonstrate assurance to the community, and enable data custodians participation.
ConclusionA Business Intelligence System for Government and the Community requires political leadership, the establishment of trust and the active engagement across the community.
General Public Views on Uses and Users of Administrative Health Data
Authors: Paprica P. Alison , Schull Michael 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesHigh profile initiatives and reports highlight the potential benefits that could be realized by increasing access to health data, but do members of the general public share this view? The objective was to gain insight into the general public’s attitudes toward users and uses of administrative health data.
ApproachIn fall 2015, four professionally-moderated focus groups with a total of 31 Ontario participants were conducted; two in Thunder Bay, two in Toronto. Participants were asked to review and comment on: general information about research based on linked administrative health data, a case study and models through which various users might use administrative health data.
ResultsSupport for research based on linked administrative health data was strongest when people agreed with the purposes for which studies were conducted. The main concerns related to the security of personal data generally (e.g., Canada Revenue Agency hacking incidents were noted) and potentially inappropriate uses of health data, particularly by the private sector (e.g., strong reservations about studies done solely or primarily with a profit motive). Participants were reassured when provided with information about the process for removing or coding identifying information from health data, and about the oversight provided by the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario. However, even when fully informed of privacy and security safeguards, participants still felt that risks unavoidably increase when there are more people and organizations accessing data.
ConclusionsMembers of general public were generally supportive of research based on linked administrative health data but with conditions, particularly when the possibility of private sector research was discussed. Notably, and citing security concerns, focus group participants preferred models that had a limited number of individuals or organizations accessing data.
The inpatient, outpatient and social care costs associated with atrial fibrillation in Scotland: a record linkage study
Authors: Ciminata Giorgio , Wu Olivia , Geue Claudia 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is a highly debilitating condition with significant economic burden. Previous studies have estimated the cost of hospitalisations associated with AF in Scotland. However, patients with AF are often elderly with co-morbidities requiring substantial outpatient and social care.
ObjectivesThis study seeks to estimate inpatient, outpatient and social care costs associated with AF in a Scottish cohort, by using individual-level linked data.
MethodsThe AF cohort of 50 years and older patients, hospitalised with a known diagnosis of AF or atrial flutter between 1997 and 2014, was followed up for five years following the first AF event. Individual-level data on hospitalisation and discharge to social care home were obtained from the Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR01); whereas data on outpatient attendance were obtained from (SMR00). Death records for the same time period were extracted from National Records of Scotland (NRS). Hospital and outpatient costs associated with the corresponding data were estimated utilising the Scottish National Tariff (SNT) based on Healthcare Resource Groups (HRGs), and the Scottish Health Service Costs report, respectively. Social care costs were identified from the Care Home Census. Following data linkage, the econometric analysis was carried out using a two-part model where, the first part estimates through a probit model the probability of using a healthcare service, and the second part estimates costs conditional on having incurred positive costs. The regression model was adjusted for demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, year of admission and location.
ResultsOverall, a cohort of 253,963 AF patients accounted for 2,988,607 hospital admissions and 4,452,476 outpatient attendances. The mean cost per patient was estimated to be £3,071 (95% CI 3,033-3,109). Overall, hospital admissions and outpatient visits accounted for 71.7% and 3.7% of the total cost, respectively; social care accounted for 24.6% of the total costs. The cost increased with age and females incurred higher costs than males. Significant differences were observed among the urban/rural classifications, individual health boards and the socio-economic status.
ConclusionsThis study has shown the importance of taking into account healthcare resource use incurred beyond hospitalisation. In addition to inpatient costs, outpatient and social care costs contribute considerably to the overall economic burden.
Public understanding of, and attitudes towards, data linkage in research
Authors: Moody Gwenllian , Lugg Fiona 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere is an ongoing need to involve and inform the public about data linkage research. Projects at the South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU) and Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University have focused on participant and public understanding of, and attitudes towards the use of routine/linked data for research purposes.
ApproachHealthWise Wales is a Welsh national cohort using prospectively collected data linked with NHS records. Face-to-face and online focus groups were conducted to explore the barriers and facilitators to signing up to this project as well as discussing the best way to communicate the technical details of the project. MINIMAL PhD conducted a focus group with care-experienced young people to gather attitudes towards the collection and linkage of child maltreatment data. The Public and Patient Involvement activities of the Building Blocks 2-6 Study included meetings with a young mothers group utilising their skills as advisors on communicating data linkage issues with study participants. These projects have been undertaken independently however comprise the same underlying questions – Do the public understand why routine & linked data is used for research? Will this be a barrier to participating? How can we communicate study design to ensure participants are fully informed? This presentation will summarise the similarities and contrasting attitudes and beliefs emerging from these projects.
ResultsWe have identified similar emerging themes from both the HealthWise Wales focus groups and MINIMAL PhD focus groups. Participants found it challenging to understand the methodology of data linkage and this acted as a barrier to taking part in data linkage projects. Once participants felt fully informed of the method, their concerns around data safety and confidentiality were reduced. Participants required assurances that their data were safe, that they could not be identified, and that researchers can be trusted to access these data before considering the research project in discussion. Participants also discussed the collection of sensitive data from various sources through data linkage, consent issues, and the balance between research risk/benefit for the MINIMAL PhD focus group.
ConclusionThese qualitative studies will contribute to knowledge of how to better inform members of the public about routine / linked data, as it is clear than there remains a lack of understanding of the research conducted in this area, and the importance for researchers to utilise these data. Researchers need to get the communication right in order to be successful at recruiting and retaining participants.
Investigation and reporting of Data Quality within and between linked SAIL datasets
Authors: Rees Sarah , Rees Arfon 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe SAIL databank brings together a range of datasets gathered primarily for administrative rather than research processes. These datasets contain information regarding different aspects of an individual’s contact with services which when combined form a detailed health record for individuals living (or deceased) in Wales.
Understanding the quality of data in SAIL supports the research process by providing a level of assurance about the robustness of data, identifying and describing where there may be sources of potential bias due to invalid, incomplete, inconsistent or inaccurate data and therefore helping to increase the accuracy of research using these data.
Designing processes to investigate and report on data quality within and between multiple datasets can be a time-consuming task to undertake; it requires a high degree of effort to ensure it is genuinely meaningful and useful to SAIL users and may require a range of different approaches.
ApproachData quality tests for each dataset were written, considering a range of data quality dimensions including validity, consistency, accuracy and completeness. Tests were designed to capture not just the quality of data within each dataset, but also to assess consistency of data items between datasets. SQL scripts were written to test each of these aspects: in order to minimise repetition, automated processes were implemented where appropriate.
Batch automation was used to called SQL stored procedures, which utilise metadata to generate dynamic SQL. The metadata (created as part of the data quality process) describes each dataset and the measurement parameters used to assess each field within the dataset. However automation on its own is insufficient and data quality process outputs require scrutiny and oversight to ensure they are actually capturing what they set out to do.
SAIL users were consulted on the development of the data quality reports to ensure usability and appropriateness to support data utilisation for research.
ResultsThe data quality reporting process is beneficial to the SAIL databank as it provides additional information to support the research process and in some cases may act as a diagnostic tool, detecting problems with data which can then be rectified.
ConclusionThe development of data quality processes in SAIL is ongoing, and changes or developments in each dataset lead to new requirements for data quality measurement and reporting. A vital component of the process is the production of output that is genuinely meaningful and useful.
Resistencia antibiótica de bacilos gramnegativos de ambientes intrahospitalarios
Authors: Guerrero Barrantes César , Guillén Oneeglio Alfredo , Rojas León Roberto , Díaz Tello Alberto , Noriega Romero Edix 
Published: April 2017

Los bacilos gramnegativos están comprometidos como causales de infecciones intrahospitalarias, siendo necesario mantener una vigilancia constante de los ambientes críticos de los centros de salud y determinar la resistencia antibiótica de las bacterias, los géneros más resistentes, las resistencias frecuentes observadas en ellos y los servicios mayormente contaminados. Se evaluaron 74 cultivos aislados de diferentes superficies de los servicios hospitalarios, obtenidos por frotis de las superficies y su respectivo cultivo e identificación bacteriana. Las especies aisladas fueron: E. coli (29), Enterobacter cloacae (11), Enterobacter agglomerans (10), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9), Citrobacter freundii (3), Serratia marcescens (5), Pantoea agglomerans (4), Aeromonas spp. (2) y Proteus vulgaris (1). Los servicios mayormente contaminados fueron: Cuidados Intermedios, Medicina Interna, Cirugía y Neurología. La resistencia promedio en los cultivos evaluados fue del 33%, con el 58% para Ampicilina, el 45% para Cefoxitina, el 41% para Aztreonam, el 39% para Ceftazidima, Ceftriaxona y Nitrofurantoina, mientras que para Imipenem fue el 22%, para Meropenem el 27%, para Amikacin el 11% y Piperacilina-Tazobactan el 9%. La multirresistencia antibiótica se dio en el 69% de los cultivos, especialmente en Aeromonas, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Sarratia marcescens y E. coli. La tendencia de la resistencia antibiótica es ascendente, especialmente a las cefalosporinas y carbapenemes.Palabras clave: Resistencia, bacilos gram-negatiivos, ambientes intrahospitalarios
La gestión participativa del agua en Brasil: aspectos legales, institucionales y políticos (1988 - 2008)
Authors: Gravina Ogata Maria 
Published: April 2017

Este estudio analiza y evalúa la nueva política pública de recursos hídricos de Brasil, cuyo marco normativo es la Ley Federal nº 9.433, del 8 de enero de 1997, promulgada en pleno período de Reforma del Estado Brasileño (1995). Esta política trajo importantes innovaciones en la gestión del agua, considerada bien público bajo el control de la Unión y de los Estados Federados por la Constitución Federal de 1988. El aspecto innovador de esta política es su sistema de gestión, basado en los Consejos Nacionales y Estaduales de Recursos Hídricos y los Comités de Cuencas Hidrográficas. La gestión participativa se basa en la participación de representantes del Poder Público, de los usuarios del agua y de la sociedad civil, cuya opinión se recogió mediante entrevistas en profundidad. Esta nueva política pública se implantó de forma desigual en todo el territorio nacional y es reflejo de las características y peculiaridades de cada región brasileña. Este trabajo analizó las experiencias regionales a partir de los enfoques teóricos de la gestión participativa y las relaciones multinivel en la gobernanza del agua, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades del federalismo brasileño. Los resultados de la investigación reflejan que la sociedad civil confía en esta forma de gestión de los recursos hídricos y tiene grandes expectativas de que podrían lograrse mejores resultados fortaleciendo la democracia brasileña. La recuperación de la ciudadanía, la participación en la ejecución de las políticas públicas, y la deliberación rápida de conflictos sobre el uso del agua han sido algunos de los principales logros de esta nueva forma de gestión de los recursos hídricos.
Sustainable building materials: Green even below the surface?
Authors: Lombard Richard 
Published: April 2017

When it comes to material selection, green is now much more than a color – or is it? Material manufacturers are eager to pitch materials as sustainable or LEED certified or any number of valid and invalid qualifiers, and leave it to the consumer to sort the fact from fiction. Combining this with a growing interest from final clients in the specification of specific materials to support either a heartfelt or marketing desire of sustainability, the resulting confusion is inevitable. In the end, there are many factors contributing to sustainability when it comes to materials and their use in buildings. This paper will address the following:Raw materialsWeightLabor (time and materials)PerformanceIntegrationIn addition, the paper will present a list of recent material developments in the area of sustainability.
Allelopathic effects of Casuarina equisetifolia L. on seed germination of some crop plants and their associated weeds
Authors: Ahmed Talaat A. , Al-Sayed Noura Habeeb 
Published: April 2017

Casuarina equisetifolia L. is a widespread tree that has been known for its allelopathic potential causing biological inhibition on plant seed germination. Leaf extract of Casuarina equisetifolia L. was evaluated for its allelopathic influence on various plant crops. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study its allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Various concentrations of leaf extract (0, 1.25%, 2.5 and 5%) were prepared and used while in the greenhouse experiment, leaf powder was mixed with soil at concentrations of (0, 15, 30 and 45 g/kg soil). Results revealed that leaf aqueous extract of Casuarina equisetifolia L affected significantly seed germination of all selected plant crops under laboratory condition. Highest inhibition was observed with 5% concentration compared to control that was treated with distilled water. In addition, it was that leaf extract of Casuarina had maximum inhibitory effect on roots growth compared to shoots of the studied seedling. Greenhouse experiment demonstrated that C. equisetifolia exhibited significant allelopathic activity on wheat germination but did not affect plant growth characteristics based on all treatments. However, Casuarina leaf extracts showed positive effect on Mustard germination and plant growth. The inhibitory substances present in Casuarina equisetifolia L leaves could be used as a potential environmental friendly herbicide. However, allelopathy is a complex process where further studies should be done in order to understand types of chemical molecules, mode of action of the Allelochemicals on physiology and biochemical process of weeds and crop plants. Attention and effort should be made more in allelopathy now a days because of environmental protection issues as well as the need of organic food so allelopathy will have great value in sustainable agriculture in future.