bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pymetrozine (Cga 215944) and Imidacloprid (Provado) Foliar Sprays to Control Aphids in Tomatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted on 9 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single row 20 ft X 5 ft, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. On 1 Oct, heavy potato aphid populations developed in the test field. A pre-count of live aphids on 5 randomly picked compound leaves/plot was taken on this date and followed by a single application of all treatments. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer equipped with a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom and delivering 46 gal water/acre at 40 psi. To evaluate efficacy, the plots were sampled as previously described for the pre-count on the dates indicated in the table.
Effect of Registered and Experimental Insecticides on Second Generation White Apple Leafhopper, 1996
Authors: Beers E. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test was conducted in a mature apple orchard (several strains of ‘Delicious’) on the grounds of the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. Treatments were replicated 4 times, with each replicate consisting of a single tree. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, using pre-treatment leafhopper populations as the blocking factor. The experimental treatments were applied on 21 Aug, which coincided with the 1st appearance of adults of the 2nd generation. Pesticides were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip. WALH populations were sampled c-a. weekly by counting in situ all live nymphs on 20 leaves per tree, distributed throughout the tree canopy.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control on Malting Barley, 1996
Authors: Blodgett Sue L. , Tharp Cecil , Waters Deb 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Malting barley was planted by a producer located near Edgar, MT on 13 Apr. Plots were 20 ft long and 8 rows wide (1 ft row spacing) and arranged in a RCB design with four replications (Trial 1) and 3 replications (Trial 2). Insecticide applications were made using a backpack, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8002VS nozzles, calibrated to deliver 8.2 gpa at 30 psi. Number of CLB eggs and larvae per plant were counted on 3 plants from center rows. Plots in Trial 1 were treated on 17 May when barley was at 2 to 3 tiller stage and evaluated on 1,3, and 11 DAT. No CLB larvae were detected until 28 May. A second trial was conducted to determine insecticide efficacy on CLB larvae. Plots in Trial 2 were treated on 4 Jun when barley was beginning to joint and evaluated on 1,3, 7, and 14 DAT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using DMRT.
Flea Beetle Control, 1996
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were planted 30 May at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA at a rate of 6 lb seed/acre in 7-inch rows. Plots were 20 X 4 ft replicated 4 times in a RCBD, and were situated adjacent to a crested wheat grass field. Treatments of CR-10 at 2.5 lbs product per acre and Gaucho 75 ST at 12 oz AI cwt seed were applied at planting. Six other treatments were made at emergence with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi. Conditions at emergence treatment were: 75° F with a 5 mph wind at 11:00 a.m. A mean of 80 FB were present per 6.6 ft of row throughout the plot area at time of treatment. All plants were in cotyledon stage with the apical meristem visible. Counts of damage were made of 20 randomly selected plants on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage and 6 = total destruction of apical meristem, on 2, 5, 9, and 12 DAT. All surviving plants were in the rosette stage by 12 DAT.
Western Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1996
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eight insecticides were applied for control of WCR larvae in no-till and conventional tillage corn. The test was set up in a continuous corn field on the UK Spindletop Research Farm on 14 May in a RCB design with three replicates of no-till and three replicates of conventional tillage. Individual plots consisted of single rows, 12 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. All plots received Bicep 6L at 2.27 liters per acre and Roundup 3L at 2 pt/a at planting plus Accent 75 SP (0.0356 lb [AI]/acre) on 7 Jun. All insecticide treatments were applied at planting. Extended leaf heights were measured on each of 10 plants per plot on 14 Jun. Plant stand counts were recorded on 3 Jun. Numbers of lodged plants per plot was recorded 27 Jun. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was less than 45°. Root damage ratings were evaluated on 27 Jun by examining 5 plants per plot using the Iowa 1-6 system. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatment means compared by LSD (SAS Institute).
Apple, Effects of Insecticides on Spirea Aphid and Its Natural Enemies, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Fuji’ and 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 4 years old and planted to a spacing of 20 x 30 ft. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa, driven at 2.4 mph. The date of application for the treatments was 21 Jun. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Ziram 76WP. All maintenance materials were applied using the alternate row middle method of application. Effectiveness on the spirea aphid was evaluated by counting the number of aphid-infested leaves/10 actively growing shoots, and by rating the density of aphids/most infested leaf on a 0-4 scale as given in the table footnotes. The number of natural enemies preying on aphids was determined by counting the number observed in a 2-min examination around the periphery of each plot tree. Pest pressure was moderate during the course of the experiment.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm and Residual Pest Control, 1996
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied by fixed wing airplane to field corn in the pollen shed stage on 1 Aug. All treatments were applied in water with 1.5 oz/acre Dynamic surfactant. Capture was applied at 0.08 lb Al/acre in total volumes of 1 gpa, 3 gpa and 5 gpa. Penncap-M was applied at 0.625 lb Al/acre in a total volume of 1 gpa. The plots were 120 ft wide and field length. Each treatment was replicated two times and arranged in a RCB design. Corn rootworm (CRW) beetles were counted on five plants in one row, each plant separated by four plants. Five leaves, on each of three plants, were evaluated for the presence of naturally occurring twospotted spider mites (TSM). Four plants in each plot were artificially infested with TSM 14 DAT. Five leaves on each of these plants were rated for mite colonies 21 and 28 DAT. European corn borer (ECB) damage was evaluated 86 DAT by splitting from root to tassel ten plants from each plot. Yield was determined by hand harvesting and shelling all ears from 40 ft of row.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on Continuous Corn, 1996
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley J. B. , Young C. E. , Jasinski J. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soil insecticides were evaluated for stand protection and root-worm control at the OARDC Northwestern Branch Station near Hoytville, OH. The test included six treatments compared with an untreated check on reduced tillage plots that were 61 m (200 ft) in length and 4-row wide. Row spacing was at 76.2 cm (30 inches). A RCBD was applied with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied 5 Jun at planting time using a 4-row John Deere 7000 planter equipped Noble granular applicators. All treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel. Stand counts on 30.5 m (100 ft) of row and root ratings of 5 root systems per plot using the Iowa 1-6 scale were taken 26 Jul. On 29 Oct, plots were machine harvested to determine yield.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Bollworms on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 12 May into a Wicham loam soil in 38-inch rows at the Cherry Farn Unit in Goldsboro. The fertility and herbicide programs followed extension recommendations for cotton in this region. Temik at 5.0 lb. (AI)/acre was used at planting. Plot size was 50 ft X 6 rows with four replications arranged in a RCBD. Insecticide applications were applied on 29 Jul and on 8 and 19 Aug with a backpack-type, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX 8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. All treatments were evaluated for fruit damage and live caterpillars on 6 and 15 Aug and 2 Sep., as indicated in the table. On 12 Aug, 57 BW and TBW were taken from the outside 2 rows of the untreated check plots and reared to adulthood to determine species composition. Plots were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 2-row John Deere picker on 3 Nov. Seed cotton yields were converted to lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Bagwell R. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids on non-irrigated cotton in the Macon Ridge region of Louisiana. Plots were planted 28 Apr and consisted of 3 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications in both tests. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test areas. Treatments were applied to Test I on 24 May and Test II on 7 Jun. Insecticides were applied with a hand-boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 25 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling ten plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot. Treatments were evaluated in Test I on 27 May (3 DAT) and in Test II on 10 (3 DAT) and 17 Jun (10 DAT). Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm), and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. The plots in Test II received 0.54, 0.26, and 0.03 inch rainfall on 8, 14, and 15 Jun, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Selected Non-Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of Bollworm on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected non-pyrethoid insecticides was evaluated for control of bollworm in Virginia cotton. ‘DPL 51’ cotton was planted 10 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 31 psi through one TX10 hollow cone nozzle over the top of each of the two center rows of each plot. All applications were applied at egg threshold (based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruit, i.e., squares or bolls) and again in 5 days. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Boll damage was determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Heliothine Larvae on Cotton (Trial 1), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of larvicides and larvicide combinations for the control of TBW and BW in cotton in Mississippi. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with four untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plots were sampled at 3-4 day-intervals throughout the growing season for square damage, larvae in terminals and squares, and eggs in terminals. Twenty-five randomly selected terminals and squares in each plot were sampled, and treatment was initiated when population levels reached treatment threshold according to recommendations in the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide. Other pests occurring throughout the season were treated according to the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide recommendations. All insecticide applications were applied with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX 4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Applications were made on 24 Jun, 4, 10, 22 and 29 Jul, and 7 Aug. Yield was estimated by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot. Rain was frequent during the trial and caused poor timing of insecticide application, contributing to reduced residual efficacy of insecticides.
Efficacy of Various Insecticides Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton (Field Trial), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test evaluated the effectiveness of insecticides for the control of TPB in cotton. Plots were 8 rows wide and 50 ft long with 8 untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffei between plots. Plots were sampled 3 DAT for TPB in squares. Twenty-five randomly selected squares in each plot were sampled by visually observing the number of TBP adults and nymphs in each square. An insecticide application was applied on 9 Aug with a high-clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity.
Thrips Control in Cotton with In-Furrow Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Studebaker Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Hartz 1215’ cotton was planted on 15 May at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center. Granular compounds were applied by Gandy box on the planter. In-furrow liquids were applied with a CO2-powered system mounted on the planter directing sprays into the furrow. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 5.5 gpa at 42 psi through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Bidrin was applied as a foliar application. All other treatments were in-furrow at planting. Plots were four, 38-inch rows 50 ft long arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Damage ratings were based on a scale of 1-10 with 10 = severe damage. Thrips counts were made by collecting 5 plants from each plot in alcohol, washing the plants through a sieve, collecting the thrips on a piece of filter paper. Stand counts were made by counting the number of plants in 7 ft on 2 rows for a total of 14 row feet. Plant height was measured on 5 plants in each plot. Yields were taken by harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Thrips in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton seed was planted in a Gigger silt loam on 1 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. The seed was treated with Orthene 80S (8 oz form/cwt seed) and Terraclor Super X (10 lb form./acre) was applied at planting to reduce seeding disease problems. Plots in this test consisted of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X35 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 20 psi. Plots were treated on 15 May and sampled on 17 (2 DAT), 20 (5 DAT), and 23 May (8 DAT). Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants in each plot and processing samples with whole plant washing procedures. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT. No rainfall occurred during this test.
Effects of Selected Seed, Foliar and In-Furrow Applied Insecticides on Thrips Injury, Plant Stand and Yield, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides, applied as seed, foliar or in-furrow treatments, were evaluated against TT injury and for effects on plant stand and yield of Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted 23 Apr at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with tractor-mounted jars calibrated to deliver exact amounts through lid holes via gravity; liquids with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 24 psi- through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction. Foliar sprays were applied in a 12- to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 22 psi through one 8003E nozzle per row. Seed treatments were prepared just before planting by gently mixing measured amounts of product and seed in the planter box (PB). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. TT injury was evaluated based on a 0 to 10 scale where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≤5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≥50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = ≥50% injured leaves + a90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Plant stand was assessed by counting all seedlings in the 2 center rows of each plot (17 May). Yield was determined by digging, drying and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mites in Peanuts, 1994
Authors: Mulder P.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected miticides for control of TSSM. One portion of a field was selected because of a uniform infestation of TSSM. The field selected was planted on 36-inch rows on 2 Jun. Management practices were determined by the grower, but did not include any insecticides or miticides. The selected area became heavily infested with TSSM because of lack of moisture from inoperable irrigation nozzles. Each plot was 25 ft long by 2 rows wide. Plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replicates. Treatments were applied on 5 Sep using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 32 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. To avoid overspray from adjacent plots, treatments were separated by 2 rows of peanut. Pretreatment counts were taken on 5 Sep just prior to application. Post-treatment counts were made on 13 Sep and 18 Sep, or 8 and 13 DAT, respectively. Treatments were evaluated by comparing mite control on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Population densities of mites were estimated by sampling an area of 0.35 in2 (2.25 cm2) on each plant in the lower, middle and upper canopy. This sampling scheme resulted in checking 15 leaflets per plot. Yields were determined by digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from both rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Control of Rice Water Weevil With Karate 1996
Authors: Bernhardt J. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch spacing) by 20 ft. Each plot was bound by levees. Rice was drill-seeded in Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 2 May and emerged on 10 May. Propanil and Bolero at 4 and 2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 29 May. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 75 lb N/acre as urea on 5 Jun and 30 lb N/acre on 1 and 9 Jul. Permanent flood was established on 5 Jun. All treatments of Karate were made with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer at 18 gpa. The Karate 0 d preflood treatment was applied 3 h before application of permanent flood. Karate 0 d after flood was applied 4 h after permanent flood was established. Furadan 3G was applied 14 d after permanent flood with a hand-shaker. On 25 and 26 Jun and on 1 and 2 Jul five 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 4 plants/core were removed from plots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Plots were harvested with a small combine on 11 Sept. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil With Fipronil in A Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. On 8 Apr, plots were fertilized by hand with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same day, plots were dry-seeded by hand with fipronil-treated or untreated seed at 90 lb/acre. Fipronil-treated seed was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Pre-plant incorporated treatments were applied on 8 Apr with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 29.7 gpa. After spray applications, fertilizer, seed, and spray treatments were incorporated into dry soil (League) with a rake. Immediately after incorporating, plots were flush irrigated (temporarily flood for 24 h then drain). Rice emerged through the soil on 18 Apr. From emergence to application of the permanent flood on 10 May (22 d after rice emergence through soil), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 30 Apr, plots were treated with Stam 4E and Basagran at 4.0 lb and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. On 9 May, plots were treated again with Stam 4E and Basagran at 2.0 lb and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. On 10 May (immediately before application of the permanent flood), plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. Furadan 3G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar 14 d after application of the permanent flood. On 4 Jun (approximately panicle differentiation), urea was applied by hand at 51 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied to rice was 170 lb/acre. On each of 6 and 25 Jun (27 and 46 d after application of the permanent flood) five 4 inch diameter by 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity (5 Aug) plots were harvested with a small plot combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using (x + 0.05) and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.