bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Deficiency Exacerbates Type 1 Diabetes–Induced Bone TNF-α Expression and Osteoporosis in Female Mice
Authors: Raehtz Sandi , Bierhalter Hayley , Schoenherr Daniel , Parameswaran Narayanan , McCabe Laura R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Estrogen deficiency after menopause is associated with rapid bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased fracture risk. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), characterized by hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, is also associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. With better treatment options, T1D patients are living longer; therefore, the number of patients having both T1D and estrogen deficiency is increasing. Little is known about the mechanistic impact of T1D in conjunction with estrogen deficiency on bone physiology and density. To investigate this, 11-week-old mice were ovariectomized (OVX), and T1D was induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin injection. Microcomputed tomographic analysis indicated a marked reduction in trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF) in T1D-OVX mice (~82%) that was far greater than the reductions (~50%) in BVF in either the OVX and T1D groups. Osteoblast markers, number, and activity were significantly decreased in T1D-OVX mice, to a greater extent than either T1D or OVX mice. Correspondingly, marrow adiposity was significantly increased in T1D-OVX mouse bone. Bone expression analyses revealed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α levels were highest in T1D-OVX mice and correlated with bone loss, and osteoblast and osteocyte death. In vitro studies indicate that estrogen deficiency and high glucose enhance TNF-α expression in response to inflammatory signals. Taken together, T1D combined with estrogen deficiency has a major effect on bone inflammation, which contributes to suppressed bone formation and osteoporosis. Understanding the mechanisms/effects of estrogen deficiency in the presence of T1D on bone health is essential for fracture prevention in this patient population.
SNAP-25 gene family members differentially support secretory vesicle fusion
Authors: Arora Swati , Saarloos Ingrid , Kooistra Robbelien , van de Bospoort Rhea , Verhage Matthijs , Toonen Ruud F. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Neuronal dense-core vesicles (DCVs) transport and secrete neuropeptides necessary for development, plasticity and survival, but little is known about their fusion mechanism. We show that Snap-25-null mutant (SNAP-25 KO) neurons, previously shown to degenerate after 4 days in vitro (DIV), contain fewer DCVs and have reduced DCV fusion probability in surviving neurons at DIV14. At DIV3, before degeneration, SNAP-25 KO neurons show normal DCV fusion, but one day later fusion is significantly reduced. To test if other SNAP homologs support DCV fusion, we expressed SNAP-23, SNAP-29 or SNAP-47 in SNAP-25 KO neurons. SNAP-23 and SNAP-29 rescued viability and supported DCV fusion in SNAP-25 KO neurons, but SNAP-23 did so more efficiently. SNAP-23 also rescued synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion while SNAP-29 did not. SNAP-47 failed to rescue viability and did not support DCV or SV fusion. These data demonstrate a developmental switch, in hippocampal neurons between DIV3 and DIV4, where DCV fusion becomes SNAP-25 dependent. Furthermore, SNAP-25 homologs support DCV and SV fusion and neuronal viability to variable extents – SNAP-23 most effectively, SNAP-29 less so and SNAP-47 ineffectively.
Research roundup: April 2017
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: April 2017

In brief People with alcohol dependency are more likely to develop or die from a range of diseases, including several conditions with less well-known links to excessive drinking In eczema, moisturisers, particularly combined with active treatment, prolong time to flare, reduce the number of flares and are steroid sparing Antidepressants seem to be associated with an increased risk of hip fracture People with one of 18 autoimmune diseases may be especially likely to develop dementia
A comparative study of tissue-engineered constructs from Acropora and Porites coral in a large animal bone defect model
Authors: Decambron A. , Manassero M. , Bensidhoum M. , Lecuelle B. , Logeart-Avramoglou D. , Petite H. , Viateau V. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives To compare the therapeutic potential of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coral granules from either Acropora or Porites to repair large bone defects. Materials and Methods Bone marrow-derived, autologous MSCs were seeded on Acropora or Porites coral granules in a perfusion bioreactor. Acropora-TECs (n = 7), Porites-TECs (n = 6) and bone autografts (n = 2) were then implanted into 25 mm long metatarsal diaphyseal defects in sheep. Bimonthly radiographic follow-up was completed until killing four months post-operatively. Explants were subsequently processed for microCT and histology to assess bone formation and coral bioresorption. Statistical analyses comprised Mann-Whitney, t-test and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Results A two-fold increaseof newly formed bone volume was observed for Acropora-TECs when compared with Porites-TECs (14 sd 1089 mm3 versus 782 sd 507 mm3; p = 0.09). Bone union was consistent with autograft (1960 sd 518 mm3). The kinetics of bioresorption and bioresorption rates at four months were different for Acropora-TECs and Porites-TECs (81% sd 5% versus 94% sd 6%; p = 0.04). In comparing the defects that healed with those that did not, we observed that, when major bioresorption of coral at two months occurs and a scaffold material bioresorption rate superior to 90% at four months is achieved, bone nonunion consistently occurred using coral-based TECs. Discussion Bone regeneration in critical-size defects could be obtained with full bioresorption of the scaffold using coral-based TECs in a large animal model. The superior performance of Acropora-TECs brings us closer to a clinical application, probably because of more suitable bioresorption kinetics. However, nonunion still occurred in nearly half of the bone defects. Cite this article: A. Decambron, M. Manassero, M. Bensidhoum, B. Lecuelle, D. Logeart-Avramoglou, H. Petite, V. Viateau. A comparative study of tissue-engineered constructs from Acropora and Porites coral in a large animal bone defect model. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:208–215. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0236.R1.
Underlying knowledge-knower structures in graphic design: Contributing to establishing a cohesive language for use in graphic design education
Authors: Giloi Susan , Belluigi Dina Zoe 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Providing a cohesive language for graphic design, which can be utilized in the production of knowledge and the generation of theory specific to that sub-discipline of Art and Design, is a challenge that is often obscured by the very practical nature of the field. As practice-based problem-solving is at the core of graphic design, application often supersedes meta-level theoretical engagement when it comes to educating undergraduate students. In this article, the underlying structures of graphic design pedagogy are explored through sociology of knowledge theories. We demonstrate how these theories enable the identification and analysis of those underlying structures, both epistemic and social, which influence how knowledge and the knower is constructed, taught and assessed in this sub-discipline. Applying these knowledge-knower structuring theories to analyses of empirical data collected from curriculum documentation and assessment events, we draw comparisons with data generated from formative and summative assessment practices. It is our intention that, through articulating a language of description and providing this example of the application of such methodological procedures for investigating such knowledge, a cohesive language may be shared that holds the potential to better inform curriculum development of the sub-discipline in higher education.
A study on the current situation of sport sponsorship<p>Spor sponsorluğunun mevcut durumu üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Halıcı Alperen , Eynur Baybars Recep , Eraslan Ali 
Published: April 2017

In order to achieve international success, amateur sports clubs and federations need to obtain more financial resources, especially sponsorship. In order to provide the financial resources needed to carry out youth and sports service activities in Turkey, sports sponsorship found a legal ground with the Law No. 4644 in 2001. Thereafter, the scope of sports sponsorhips and tax advantages have expanded with the Law No. 5105 in 2004. The objective of this research is to examine the existing 5105 sponsorship legislation and to determine the situation on the use of sports sponsorships of non-autonomous federations and amateur sports clubs. In this study; A scanning model has been used which aims to define in the past or at present a situation that does not represent an existing situation. Within the scope of this study, the relevant literature was examined and descriptions have been done in the direction of the statistical data obtained from the Sponsorhip Department, the General Directorate of Sports. As a result, federations and amateur sports clubs have been in financial trouble for years in Turkey. However, despite the expansion the scope and the advantages of sports sponsorhip with the Law No. 5105, it is seen that sports sponsorhip has not been utilized at the desired level. ÖzetUluslararası düzeyde başarı elde edebilmek için amatör spor kulüpleri ve federasyonların başta sponsorluk olmak üzere daha çok finansal kaynak elde etmeleri gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de gençlik ve spor hizmet faaliyetlerinin yürütülebilmesi için ihtiyaç duyulan bu finansal kaynağı sağlamak amacıyla, 2001 yılında 4644 sayılı Kanunla yasal bir zemin bulan spor sponsorluğunun, 2004 yılında 5105 sayılı Kanunla kapsam olarak genişlediği ve vergisel avantajlar getirildiği görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, mevcut yürürlükte olan 5105 sayılı sponsorluk mevzuatını incelemek ve özerk olmayan federasyonlar ile amatör spor kulüplerinin spor sponsorluğunu kullanımı üzerine durum tespiti yapmaktır. Bu çalışmada; geçmişte ya da o anda var olan bir durumu var olduğu şekliyle betimlemeyen, tanımlamayı amaçlayan tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, ilgili alan yazın incelenmiş ve Spor Genel Müdürlüğü Sponsorluk Şubesi’nden elde edilen istatistikî veriler doğrultusunda betimlemeler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, federasyonların ve amatör spor kulüplerinin finans sorununun yıllardan beri var olduğu ülkemizde, 5105 sayılı Kanunla kapsamı genişleyen spor sponsorluğundan istenilen düzeyde yararlanılamadığı görülmektedir.
Das iLab: Hands-on-Forschung am Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft
Authors: Reichardt Mareen , Greifeneder Elke 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Der Beitrag stellt das im Frühjahr 2016 eröffnete Forschungslabor (iLab) des Instituts für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin vor. Das iLab ist sowohl ein Forschungslabor für empirische Studien wie Eye-Tracking, Interviews, Usability-Studien oder Retrieval-Experimente und anderseits ein Raum fürhands-on-Forschung zur Förderung einer praxisorientierten Vermittlung von Methoden und Verfahren an den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs. Der Beitrag reflektiert außerdem die ersten beiden Semester im laufenden Betrieb und den bisherigen sowie zukünftigen Mehrwert für Forschung und Lehre.
Strong Forward Induction
Authors: Zheng Bingyong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractForward induction, as defined by Govindan and Wilson (2009. “On Forward Induction.” Econometrica 77:1–28), places a local dominance condition on off-equilibrium beliefs that restricts relevant strategy profiles for an equilibrium outcome to be infinitely more likely than profiles that include irrelevant strategies. Meanwhile, it places no global dominance restrictions and thus leaves open the possibility that a dominated strategy is deemed more likely than strategies dominating it. This paper defines strong forward induction, which improves upon forward induction. We also develop a solution concept called strong forward induction equilibrium that is obtained from iterative application of the strong forward induction criterion.
The Case of “Less is More”: Modelling Risk-Preference with Expected Downside Risk
Authors: Ormos Mihály , Timotity Dusán 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses an alternative explanation for the empirical findings contradicting the positive relationship between risk (variance) and reward (expected return). We show that these contradicting results might be due to the false definition of risk-perception, which we correct by introducing Expected Downside Risk (EDR). The EDR parameter, similar to the Expected Shortfall or Conditional Value-at-Risk, measures the tail risk, however, fits and better explains the utility perception of investors. Our results indicate that when using the EDR as risk measure, both the positive and negative relationship between expected return and risk can be derived under standard conditions (e. g. expected utility theory and positive risk-aversion). Therefore, no alternative psychological explanation or additional boundary condition on utility theory is required to explain the phenomenon. Furthermore, we show empirically that it is a more precise linear predictor of expected return than volatility, both for individual assets and portfolios.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin: do think twice, it’s not all right
Authors: Ungerer Jacobus P.J. , Pretorius Carel J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA questionable scientific approach to measuring at low concentrations and inappropriate censoring of results below certain cut-offs have resulted in the dichotomous classification of troponin assays based on their so-called analytical sensitivity. The definition of “high-sensitivity” cardiac troponin is flawed. Evidence suggests that its apparent diagnostic superiority may be explained by the censoring of data. In the evaluation of the detection and quantification capabilities of analytical methods we recommend alignment with International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) guidelines, including reporting of all results. This will allow the objective evaluation of the diagnostic performance of troponin assays and will render the current troponin assay classification and nomenclature obsolete.
“It’s about politics, stupid!”: Common understandings of interpersonal political communication
Authors: Podschuweit Nicole , Jakobs Ilka 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor the general public and for scientists, interpersonal political communication is highly important; however, surveys based on self-reports often lack satisfactory validity and reliability, because political talk is embedded in everyday conversations and thus hard to remember. Furthermore, different people are likely to ascribe different meanings to the term ‘politics’. The present paper aims to further our understanding of what people perceive or do not perceive as political. To determine the factors influencing the general public’s understanding of politics, we conducted a representative telephone survey among 804 citizens of a German city. The findings indicate that people’s classification of conversations as political is determined by the characteristics of the discussed issues. Furthermore, some respondents did not mention all conversations that might influence their political opinions and behavior. Nonetheless, the matter might be relevant for research when people are asked about their political conversation behavior.
Experimental comparison between R409A and R437A performance in a heat pump unit
Authors: Duarte M. V. , Pires L. C. , Silva P. D. , Gaspar P. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental comparison between the use of the refrigerants R409A and R437A in a heat pump unit designed and developed to work with R12. Although the use of both refrigerants in new equipments were abolished in EU and US according the new F-Gas Regulation of EU and SNAP, they still being used as options for R12 in old equipments, especially in developing countries. Both refrigerants were studied for the same test conditions, according to two groups of tests: group A (variation of the heat source temperature) and group B (variation of refrigerant flow rate). The results obtained showed that the R437A presents a higher discharge pressure and a lower discharge temperature. The heating and cooling capacities of both refrigerants were similar, as well as the exergetic efficiency. For the group A of tests the COP of both refrigerants was similar and for the group B of tests the R409A presented an average COP 15% higher. According to the results obtained it is recommended the use of R409A in old equipments (as transition refrigerant) until the acquisition of equipments operating with refrigerants with low-GWP becomes technically and economic feasible.
Food Labels, Information, and Trade in GMOs
Authors: Huffman Wallace , McCluskey Jill 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article focuses on the economics of labeling of genetically modified (GM) products in an international trade context with coexistence of both GM and traditional products and asymmetric information. Even though the scientific consensus is that GM food products are safe for human consumption, there has been a lack of acceptance by a growing segment of consumers, which has resulted in reduced or curbed demand for GM food products. The size of the anti-GM consumer segment differs across countries and suggests that coexistence will continue in a subset of countries for the near future. Many countries have developed regulations, approval processes, and labelling policies that largely reflect the economics and politics specific to each country. Hence, different labeling policies have emerged across countries. These differences in policies will continue to create difficulties, and may lead to the dominance of private standards.
Performance Investigation of OTDM Link at 10*4 Gbps and Link Range of 348 km Using NRZ and RZ Schemes
Authors: Soni Gaurav 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM)-based systems, several optical signals with low bit rate B share the same carrier frequency and are optically multiplexed to form a composite bit stream at the higher bit rate N*B, where N denotes the number of channels multiplexed. In this paper, the analysis and investigation of the performance of OTDM link are carried out with help of simulation. In this paper, OTDM link is designed based on four channels having data rate of each channel which is equal to 10 Gbps with the use of RZ and NRZ schemes being analyzed. The proposed optical link achieved maximum transmission distance of 348 km over single mode fiber. The system operated over a distance of 348 km with bit error rate of 1.39×10−31 and Q-value of 11.60 with RZ, and bit rate of 1.47×10−24 and Q-value of 10.13 with NRZ respectively. The results shows that the proposed link performance is better optimized using RZ modulation scheme in comparison to NRZ scheme. This simulation work is done in optisystem 7.0. Further in this proposed OTDM link the comparison of the link performance is also analyzed using different pulse shapes for RZ and NRZ. The results being presented in this paper are significantly taken at transmitted power of 0 dBm and 2 dBm.
Application of Optical Frequency Comb in High-Capacity Long Distance Optical Communication for China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Latif Zahid , Jianqiu Zeng , Ullah Rahat , Pathan Zulfiqar Hussain , Latif Shahid 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe current study examines the fiber optic connectivity from Chinese boundary to Rawalpindi and proposes a novel technique for carrying large capacity triple play services across China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC). With the help of this technique, various wavelength data services can be extended to Pakistan, which can decrease the low bandwidth, poor connectivity and low speed problems of data transfer in Pakistan. This study contributes toward the existing literature in a way that this novel technique of data transmission not only relaxes the laying of fiber optic cable but also reduces the total cost of the project. The proposed technique proposes the deployment of optical frequency comb technique for 820 km CPEC route which could support 4 Tbps data. From the perspective of time energy consumption, the assessment suggests that the laying of fiber optic cable in CPEC is feasible with the existing route at the lowest cost between the two sovereign countries.
Predicting the lattice parameters for the A
I
A
II
B
II
2F7 disordered cubic fluoride pyrochlores
Authors: Sidey Vasyl 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A simple calculation scheme based on the Ahrens ionic radii system is proposed for predicting the lattice parameters of the A
I
A
II
B
II
2F7 disordered cubic fluoride pyrochlores.
Uncertainty-Based Analysis for Agreement of Tensile-Strength Measurement Procedures
Authors: Tutmez B. , Unver B. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Rocks fail because of compression, shear, tensile and/or a combination of these stresses. Rocks are more vulnerable to tensile stresses as they can stably accommodate only a fraction of compressive stresses in tensional loading. Therefore, reliable determination of tensile strength of rocks is important. Tensile strength of rocks that can be determined by both direct and indirect tensile testing methods have great importance in rock mechanics. Although these methods have different procedures and quite a change in results, an agreement between the methods is necessary. In addition, properly appraising the data provided by direct and indirect measurements has critical importance for applying the knowledge thereby acquired. From this point, based on the conventional measurement uncertainty framework, two weighting methods are suggested to combine the tensile-strength methods. Thus, an uncertainty-based agreement between the direct and indirect tensile-strength measurements has been made. The results showed that the weighted uncertainties of the proposed methods are lower than the best single measurement uncertainties. In addition, the weighted averages and corresponding uncertainties provide additional information and unique outcomes for the users. A reliable correlation between indirect and direct tensile-strength results is certainly useful for assessing tensile strength of rocks.