bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging and quantification of iron‐oxide nanoparticles (IONP) using MP‐RAGE and UTE based sequences
Authors: Hong Wen , He Qun , Fan Shujuan , Carl Michael , Shao Hongda , Chen Jun , Chang Eric Y , Du Jiang 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo investigate two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) and 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MP‐RAGE) sequences for the imaging of iron‐oxide nanoparticles (IONP).MethodsThe phantoms were composed of tubes filled with different IONP concentrations ranging from 2 to 45 mM. The tubes were fixed in an agarose gel phantom (0.9% by weight). Morphological imaging was performed with 3D MP‐RAGE, 2D UTE, 2D adiabatic inversion recovery–prepared UTE (2D IR‐UTE), 3D UTE with Cones trajectory (3D Cones), and 3D IR‐Cones sequences. Quantitative assessment of IONP concentration was performed using
and R1 (1/T1) measurements using a 3 Tesla (T) scanner.ResultsThe 3D MP‐RAGE sequence provides high‐contrast images of IONP with concentration up to 7.5 mM. Higher IONP concentration up to 37.5 mM can be detected with the UTE sequences, with the highest IONP contrast provided by the 3D IR‐Cones sequence. A linear relationship was observed between
and IONP concentration up to ∼45 mM, and between R1 and IONP concentration up to ∼30 mM.ConclusionThe clinical 3D MP‐RAGE sequence can be used to assess lower IONP concentration up to 7.5 mM. The UTE sequences can be used to assess higher IONP concentration up to 45 mM. Magn Reson Med 78:226–232, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Hypoplastic interface models for fine‐grained soils
Authors: Stutz Henning ,  Mašín David 
Published: August 2016

SummaryContact descriptions for interfaces between structural elements (e.g. piles, anchors and tunnel‐linings) and soils are widely used in geotechnical engineering. Most of these constitutive interface models, developed for sands, consider 2D conditions. For clays, only a limited number of 3D interface models exist. In this paper, the fine‐grained continuum models based on hypoplastic theories are adapted for the constitutive modelling of fine‐grained interfaces. To this end, we develop a general approach to convert the existing continuum soil models into an interface model adopting reduced stress and strain‐rate vectors and redefining tensorial operations in such a way that the formulation of the existing continuum models can be used without much modification. The hypoplastic Cam‐clay and the explicitly formulated hypoplastic models are adapted to model the interface behaviour. In addition to the reduced stress and strain tensor formulations, we introduce an additional variable reducing the strength and stiffness of the interfaces when compared with the strength and stiffness of the soil. For verification, experiments in constant volume and constant normal stress conditions have been simulated. A comparison of the available experimental data from the literature and the simulations is presented. It is shown that the new hypoplastic interface models can describe a number of important phenomena of clay–structure interfaces. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the response of taurine protons to PRESS at 9.4 T for Resolving choline and Determining taurine T2
Authors: Fisher Marissa E. , Dobberthien Brennen J. , Tessier Anthony G. , Yahya Atiyah 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPoint‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS), characterized by two TEs (TE1 and TE2), can be employed to perform animal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies at 9.4 T. Taurine (Tau) and choline (Cho) are relevant metabolites that can be measured by MRS. In this work, the response of the J‐coupled protons of Tau as a function of PRESS TE1 and TE2 was characterized at 9.4 T to achieve two objectives. The first was to determine two TE1 and TE2 combinations that could be used to obtain T2‐corrected measures of Tau (3.42 ppm) that were minimally influenced by J coupling. The second was to exploit the Tau J coupling to find a timing combination that minimized the 3.25‐ppm Tau signal to enable the Cho (3.22 ppm) resonance to be resolved from the overlapping Tau signal. The response of Tau protons was investigated both numerically and experimentally. It was numerically determined that the timings {TE1, TE2} = {17 ms, 10 ms} and {TE1, TE2} = {80 ms, 70 ms} yielded similar 3.42‐ppm Tau resonance areas (5% difference), rendering them suitable for Tau T2 determination. {TE1, TE2} = {25 ms, 50 ms} was found to yield minimal 3.25‐ppm Tau signal, reducing its interference with Cho. The efficacy of the timings was demonstrated on phantom solutions and in vivo in four Sprague Dawley rats. LCModel was employed to analyse the in vivo spectra and Tau T2 values were estimated by fitting the Tau peak areas obtained with {TE1, TE2} = {17 ms, 10 ms} and {TE1, TE2} = {80 ms, 70 ms} to a monoexponentially decaying function. An average Tau T2 of 106 ms (standard deviation, 12 ms) was obtained. LCModel analysis of rat spectra obtained with {TE1, TE2} = {25 ms, 50 ms} demonstrated negligible levels of Tau signal, compared with that obtained with short TE.
A Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradient (StoSAG) for optimization under uncertainty
Authors: Fonseca Rahul Rahul‐Mark , Chen Bailian , Jansen Jan Dirk , Reynolds Albert 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe consider a technique to estimate an approximate gradient using an ensemble of randomly chosen control vectors, known as Ensemble Optimization (EnOpt) in the oil and gas reservoir simulation community. In particular, we address how to obtain accurate approximate gradients when the underlying numerical models contain uncertain parameters because of geological uncertainties. In that case, ‘robust optimization’ is performed by optimizing the expected value of the objective function over an ensemble of geological models. In earlier publications, based on the pioneering work of Chenet al. (2009), it has been suggested that a straightforward one‐to‐one combination of random control vectors and random geological models is capable of generating sufficiently accurate approximate gradients. However, this form of EnOpt does not always yield satisfactory results. In a recent article, Fonsecaet al. (2015) formulate a modified EnOpt algorithm, referred to here as a Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradient (StoSAG; in earlier publications referred to as ‘modified robust EnOpt’) and show, via computational experiments, that StoSAG generally yields significantly better gradient approximations than the standard EnOpt algorithm. Here, we provide theoretical arguments to show why StoSAG is superior to EnOpt. © 2016 The Authors.International Journal for Numerical Methods in EngineeringPublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Lagrangian cell‐centred finite volume method for metal forming simulation
Authors: Cardiff P. , Tuković Ž. , Jaeger P. De , Clancy M. , Ivanković A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe current article presents a Lagrangian cell‐centred finite volume solution methodology for simulation of metal forming processes. Details are given of the mathematical model in updated Lagrangian form, where a hyperelastoplastic J2 constitutive relation has been employed. The cell‐centred finite volume discretisation is described, where a modified discretised is proposed to alleviate erroneous hydrostatic pressure oscillations; an outline of the memory efficient segregated solution procedure is given. The accuracy and order of accuracy of the method are examined on a number of 2‐D and 3‐D elastoplastic benchmark test cases, where good agreement with available analytical and finite element solutions is achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient sparse matrix‐vector multiplication on CUDA‐enabled graphic processing units for finite element method simulations
Authors: Altinkaynak Atakan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryFinite element method (FEM) is a well‐developed method to solve real‐world problems that can be modeled with differential equations. As the available computational power increases, complex and large‐size problems can be solved using FEM, which typically involves multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) per node, high order of elements, and an iterative solver requiring several sparse matrix‐vector multiplication operations. In this work, a new storage scheme is proposed for sparse matrices arising from FEM simulations with multiple DOF per node. A sparse matrix‐vector multiplication kernel and its variants using the proposed scheme are also given for CUDA‐enabled GPUs. The proposed scheme and the kernels rely on the mesh connectivity data from FEM discretization and the number of DOF per node. The proposed kernel performance was evaluated on seven test matrices for double‐precision floating point operations. The performance analysis showed that the proposed GPU kernel outperforms the ELLPACK (ELL) and CUSPARSE Hybrid (HYB) format GPU kernels by an average of 42% and 32%, respectively, on a Tesla K20c card. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Identification and Modification of Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius) Bones in the Holocene Archaeological Record of Northern Vietnam
Authors: Jones R. K. , Meijer H. J. M. , Piper P. J. , Hiep T. H. , Tuan N. A. , Oxenham M. F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report on the first prehistoric identifications of the Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius) in the prehistoric archaeological record of Vietnam, the earliest known example of this species in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). The two bone fragments, a proximal tarsometatarsus and a distal tibiotarsus, were found in the hunter–gatherer midden/cemetery site of Con Co Ngua in Thanh Hoa Province, and date toc.6000 – 5500 BP. The tarsometatarsus has been modified into an edge ground implement similar to artefacts recorded at other archaeological sites in the region. Modifications to the functional end suggest that the implement is consistent with the manipulation and/or manufacture of plant‐based fibres. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child Health in Five Early Medieval Irish Sites: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Novak M. , Howcroft R. , Pinhasi R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWith the aim to reconstruct child health in five early medieval (5th–12th c. CE) Irish sites, an osteoarchaeological study of three biological stress indicators – cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and periostitis – has been conducted on 229 skeletons. In addition, Irish early medieval written sources testifying on child health during this period were consulted. These data were furthermore combined with the results of stable isotope analyses (nitrogen and carbon) conducted on subadult bone specimens. Cribra orbitalia was found in 27.5% of the studied individuals (48.6% of subadults were affected), with only two cases active at the time of death. The prevalence of LEH per individual is 63.5% (78.9% in subadults and 59.7% in adults). The age ranges of LEH formation vary between 1.9 and 4.8 years for the maxillary teeth and between 1.8 and 6.2 years for the mandibular teeth. Periosteal inflammations were recorded in over one third of the studied subadults (36.2%) with six cases active at the time of death. The stable isotope results suggest a diet based on terrestrial food sources, with little or no marine input. The presented data strongly suggest that most of the individuals were exposed to a high level of physiological stress during their childhood, and as such does not support the so called ‘osteological paradox’ hypothesis. The observed disturbances were probably caused by a synergistic effect of various biological and socio‐cultural factors. Although the historical records indicate certain differences in diet and lifestyle between social classes and the sexes, this study showed that the children of all ages had poor health in all social classes across a wide geographical location for the full time period of the early medieval. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancient DNA Clarifies Osteological Analyses of Commingled Remains from Midnight Terror Cave, Belize
Authors: Verdugo C. , Kassadjikova K. , Washburn E. , Harkins K. M. , Fehren‐Schmitz L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the past two decades, paleogenetics has made a significant impact on the field of archaeology. Interestingly, paleogenetic methods have not been extensively employed in osteoarchaeology despite its ability to address issues that cannot be resolved through traditional osteological analysis alone. This paper tackles a problem concerning the relationship between human remains in a commingled deposit from Midnight Terror Cave, Belize. Paleogenetics demonstrates that the bones in question belonged to multiple individuals, thus resolving an issue that was at the heart of the interpretation of social processes at the site. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animal Bones from the Late Neolithic Site of Ponte da Azambuja 2 (Évora, Portugal)
Authors: Nabais M. , Rodrigues F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeolithic faunal assemblages are scarce in Portugal, and although some trends related to the beginning of domestication are now becoming understood, more data and further zooarchaeological analyses are necessary to fully understand them. Ponte da Azambuja 2 is a set of three Late Neolithic ditch enclosures located in the Alentejo region, Southern Portugal. It was discovered in 2008 by the archaeological unit Crivarque during the construction of a new irrigation system. Ditch enclosure 1 was excavated in two trenches, Locus 1 and Locus 2. A small faunal assemblage was recovered, showing high fragmentation mainly due to post‐depositional processes, which made the interpretation rather problematic. Although animal herding strategies are difficult to assess, it was possible to confirm the domesticate status of some of the taxa. Domestication appears to have been complemented by hunting – both red deer and leporids being present. The identification of burning, cut marks and worked bone confirms an anthropogenic faunal accumulation. Worked bone fragments suggest needle production and the production of potential ornaments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear mass scans in quadrupole ion traps using the inverse Mathieu q scan
Authors: Snyder Dalton T. , Pulliam Christopher J. , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: August 2016

RationaleSecular frequency scanning is a method of mass selectively scanning ions out of a quadrupole ion trap by linearly ramping the frequency of the resonance ejection signal through ion secular frequencies at constant rf amplitude and frequency. The method is electronically much simpler than resonance ejection but it requires a complex nonlinear calibration procedure to correlate mass‐to‐charge with time.MethodsA method of secular frequency scanning in quadrupole ion traps is described in which mass‐to‐charge is linear with time. This method, termed an “inverse Mathieu q scan”, contrasts with linear frequency sweeping which requires a complex nonlinear mass calibration procedure. In the current method, mass scans are forced to be linear with time by scanning the frequency of the supplementary ac so that there is an inverse relationship between the ejected ion's Mathieu q parameter and time.ResultsIn all cases, excellent mass spectral linearity is observed. The rf amplitude is shown to control both the scan range and the scan rate, whereas the ac amplitude and scan rate influence the mass resolution. The scan rate depends linearly on the rf amplitude, a unique feature of this scan. Although changes in either rf or ac amplitude affect the positions of peaks in time, they do not change the mass calibration procedure since this only requires a simple linear fit of m/z vs time. Space charge effects are shown to give rise to significant changes in resolution as well as to mass shifts.ConclusionsA method of secular frequency scanning which provides a linear mass scale has been demonstrated. The inverse Mathieu q scan offers a significant increase in mass range and power savings while maintaining access to linearity, paving the way for a mass spectrometer based completely on ac waveforms for ion isolation, ion activation, and ion ejection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of video case content on preservice elementary teachers’ decision‐making and conceptions of effective science teaching
Authors: Olson Joanne K. , Bruxvoort Crystal N. , Vande Haar Andrea J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLittle is known about how the content of a video case influences what preservice teachers learn about science teaching. This study was designed to determine the impact of two different video cases on preservice elementary teachers’ conceptions of multiple aspects of effective science teaching, with one video selected to focus attention on the role of the teacher. Three groups completed either: (i) a unit plan; (ii) a video case analysis with problematic selection of content and use of teacher behaviors; or (iii) a video case analysis with only problematic teacher behaviors. Two hundred seven end‐of‐semester oral defenses were analyzed to determine the extent to which group differences exist on six questions. Both groups who completed the video case analysis better consider how children learn when making decisions, involving activities and content than those who completed the unit plan. However, they do not use this same knowledge base to inform their role in interacting with children to move their thinking toward more accurate ideas. Prospective teachers in all three groups overlook the role of the teacher in the classroom and focus almost entirely on keeping children physically active. Therefore, even when a video case was deliberately selected to focus attention on the role of the teacher, this critically important aspect of teaching continues to be absent, or vague at best, for the 207 prospective teachers in this study. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1500–1523, 2016
A comparison study on node clustering techniques used in target tracking WSNs for efficient data aggregation
Authors: Mahdi Omar Adil , Abdul Wahab Ainuddin Wahid , Idna Idris Mohd. Yamani , Abu znaid Ammar M. A. , Khan Suleman , Al‐Mayouf Yusor Rafid Bahar , Guizani Nadra 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWireless sensor applications are susceptible to energy constraints. Most of the energy is consumed in communication between wireless nodes. Clustering and data aggregation are the two widely used strategies for reducing energy usage and increasing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In target tracking applications, large amount of redundant data is produced regularly. Hence, deployment of effective data aggregation schemes is vital to eliminate data redundancy. This work aims to conduct a comparative study of various research approaches that employ clustering techniques for efficiently aggregating data in target tracking applications as selection of an appropriate clustering algorithm may reflect positive results in the data aggregation process. In this paper, we have highlighted the gains of the existing schemes for node clustering‐based data aggregation along with a detailed discussion on their advantages and issues that may degrade the performance. Also, the boundary issues in each type of clustering technique have been analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the efficacy and validity of these clustering‐based data aggregation algorithms are limited to specific sensing situations only, while failing to exhibit adaptive behavior in various other environmental conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Associated with Interest in Gene‐Panel Testing and Risk Communication Preferences in Women from BRCA1/2 Negative Families
Authors: Flores Kristina G. , Steffen Laurie E. , McLouth Christopher J. , Vicuña Belinda E. , Gammon Amanda , Kohlmann Wendy , Vigil Lucretia , Dayao Zoneddy R. , Royce Melanie E. , Kinney Anita Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractScientific advances have allowed the development of multiplex gene‐panels to assess many genes simultaneously in women who have tested negative for BRCA1/2. We examined correlates of interest in testing for genes that confer modest and moderate breast cancer risk and risk communication preferences for women from BRCA negative families. Female first‐degree relatives of breast cancer patients who tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations (N = 149) completed a survey assessing multiplex genetic testing interest and risk communication preferences. Interest in testing was high (70 %) and even higher if results could guide risk‐reducing behavior changes such as taking medications (79 %). Participants preferred to receive genomic risk communications from a variety of sources including: primary care physicians (83 %), genetic counselors (78 %), printed materials (71 %) and the web (60 %). Factors that were independently associated with testing interest were: perceived lifetime risk of developing cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67: 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.65) and high cancer worry (OR = 3.12: CI 1.28–7.60). Findings suggest that women from BRCA1/2 negative families are a unique population and may be primed for behavior change. Findings also provide guidance for clinicians who can help develop genomic risk communications, promote informed decision making and customize behavioral interventions.
Dynamics of Fatty Acids, Tocopherols and Phenolic Compounds Biogenesis During Olive (Olea europaea L.) Fruit Ontogeny
Authors: Bodoira Romina , Torres Mariela , Pierantozzi Pierluigi , Aguate Fernando , Taticchi Agnese , Servili Maurizio , Maestri Damián 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFatty acids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds biogenesis from two major Spanish olive cultivars (Arbequina and Manzanilla) were analyzed for the function of the thermal regime during the fruit ontogeny in a non‐Mediterranean environment. Bilinear models characterized the dynamics of fatty acid biogenesis. Regressions between the accumulated thermal time (TT) and the levels of both oleic and linoleic acids showed different responses to temperature of each olive cultivar. After reaching similar absolute maximum oleic acid contents at similar TT, the levels of this fatty acid decreased markedly in cv. Arbequina and its final concentration was 10 % lower than that found in cv. Manzanilla. In both cultivars, concentrations of all tocopherol isoforms were negatively associated with the TT accumulated over the entire oil accumulation period. Dynamics of phenolic compounds biogenesis showed no clear tendencies with TT. Nevertheless, and whatever the stage of fruit development, secoiridoids were the major phenolic components. Results suggest greater sensitivity of fatty acid metabolism to temperature in cv. Arbequina. This fact points out the necessity of appropriate evaluation of the ambient thermal characteristics before introducing this cultivar into new growing environments.