bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic differentiation and connectivity of morphological types of the broadcast‐spawning coral Galaxea fascicularis in the Nansei Islands, Japan
Authors: Nakajima Yuichi , Zayasu Yuna , Shinzato Chuya , Satoh Noriyuki , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPopulation connectivity resulting from larval dispersal is essential for the maintenance or recovery of populations in marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Studies of species diversity and genetic connectivity within species are essential for the conservation of corals and coral reef ecosystems. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequence types and microsatellite genotypes of the broadcast‐spawning coral, Galaxea fascicularis, from four regions in the subtropical Nansei Islands in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Two types (soft and hard types) of nematocyst morphology are known in G. fascicularis and are significantly correlated with the length of a mitochondrial DNA noncoding sequence (soft type: mt‐L; hard type: mt‐S type). Using microsatellites, significant genetic differentiation was detected between the mitochondrial DNA sequence types in all regions. We also found a third genetic cluster (mt‐L+), and this unexpected type may be a cryptic species of Galaxea. High clonal diversity was detected in both mt‐L and mt‐S types. Significant genetic differentiation, which was found among regions within a given type (FST = 0.009–0.024, all Ps ≤ 0.005 in mt‐L; 0.009–0.032, all Ps ≤ 0.01 in mt‐S), may result from the shorter larval development than in other broadcast‐spawning corals, such as the genus Acropora. Nevertheless, intraspecific genetic diversity and connectivity have been maintained, and with both sexual and asexual reproduction, this species appears to have a potential for the recovery of populations after disturbance.
Sex Differences and Correlates of Pain in Patients with Comorbid Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSex differences and correlates of pain were examined in a sample of patients with comorbid binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity. One hundred fifty‐two treatment‐seeking patients with BED completed the Brief Pain Inventory. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare women and men on pain, and correlational analysis, overall and by sex, was performed to examine relationships among pain, eating behaviour and metabolic risk factors. Women reported significantly greater pain severity and pain interference than men. Among women, eating behaviour and metabolic markers were not associated with pain. Among men, however, binge frequency was significantly associated with pain, as was high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting glucose. In sum, while women in this sample had more pain than men, the presence of pain in men was associated with increased behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Findings have clinical implications for the assessment of comorbid pain and obesity‐related health risks among individuals with BED. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Retrospective Correlates for Bulimia Nervosa: A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia , Machado Barbara C. , Martins Carla , Hoek Hans W. , Machado Paulo P. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThere have been few studies investigating the risk factors for bulimia nervosa (BN), and most have been in Anglo‐Saxon countries. This study aimed to (i) replicate the uncontested retrospective correlates for BN and clarify the role of factors with inconsistent findings and (ii) evaluate the strength of these factors in a different culture.MethodA case–control design was used to compare 60 women who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for BN to 60 healthy controls and 60 participants with other psychiatric disorders. Retrospective correlates were assessed by interviewing each person with the Oxford Risk Factor Interview.ResultsThe primary retrospective correlates identified from the comparison of BN participants to healthy controls were general high maternal expectations, negative attitudes about parental weight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Compared with participants with other psychiatric disorders, those with BN also reported higher rates of childhood obesity, deliberate self‐harm, family conflicts, general high maternal expectations and feeling fat in childhood.ConclusionsThe common findings across cultures suggest that, at least, individuals subjectively experience a number of similar factors that increase risk for developing BN. In addition, the difference regarding self‐harm is notable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
High‐grade malignant transformation of a radiation‐naïve nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Allensworth Jordan J. , Troob Scott H. , Lanciault Christian , Andersen Peter E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal angiofibromas are typically considered benign vascular neoplasms, with descriptions of high‐grade sarcomatous change found only in lesions with prior radiotherapy.Methods and ResultsWe describe the first reported case of high‐grade malignant change in a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma naive to radiation. A 45‐year‐old man presented with left‐sided nasal congestion and fullness and was found to have a left‐sided nasopharyngeal mass with intracranial extension on CT scan. A biopsy of the mass revealed nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The patient opted for MRI surveillance, which revealed interval growth 3 years later. Decompression surgery revealed only angiofibroma, but resection 9 months later demonstrated high‐grade sarcoma and concomitant angiofibroma. The patient had residual disease which progressed through chemoradiation, and is now pursuing clinical trial enrollment.ConclusionMalignant transformation of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is extremely rare. As highlighted by this report, high‐grade undifferentiated lesions may arise in tumors without previous radiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2425–E2427, 2016
Assessment of a hydrologic model's reliability in simulating flow regime alterations in a changing climate
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Schnorbus Markus A. , Peters Daniel L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is a common practice to employ hydrologic models for assessing present and future states of watersheds and assess the degree of alterations for a range of hydrologic indicators. Previous studies indicate that the hydrologic model may not be able to replicate some of the indicators of interest, which raises questions on the reliability of model simulated changes. Hence, we initiated a study to evaluate the replicability of the streamflow changes by employing the widely used variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model for sub‐basins and mainstem of the Fraser River Basin, Canada. Given that the hydrologic regime of the region is known to be influenced by teleconnections to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), we used hydrologic responses to the PDO and ENSO states as analogues for evaluating the model's ability to simulate climate‐induced changes. The results revealed that the qualitative patterns of response, such as lower flows for the warm PDO state compared to the cool state, and progressively higher flows for the warm, neutral and cool ENSO states, were generally well reproduced for most hydrologic indicators. Additionally, while the directions of change between the different PDO and ENSO states were mostly well replicated, the magnitude of change for some of the indicators showed considerable differences. Hence, replicability of both magnitude and direction of change need to be carefully examined before using the simulated indicators for assessing future hydrologic changes, and a reliable replication increases the confidence of projected changes. Copyright © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis from Strained Rings
Authors: Racine Sophie , Vuilleumier Jérémy , Waser Jérôme 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNucleoside analogues are widely employed as bioactive compounds against cancer and viral infections. Consequently, it is important to develop efficient synthetic methods to access them with high efficiency and structural diversity. Herein, we present a full account of our work on the synthesis of nucleoside analogues via annulations of donor acceptor aminocyclopropanes and aminocyclobutanes. Thymine‐ and uracil‐derived diester cyclopropanes were accessed from the corresponding nucleobases via vinylation and rhodium‐catalyzed cyclopropanation, and were then used in (3+2) annulations with aldehydes, ketones and enol ethers. The obtained analogues could be transformed into important hydroxymethyl derivatives. Thymine and fluoro‐uracil‐derived diester cyclobutanes obtained from the nucleobases via vinylation and (2+2) cycloaddition could also be used in a (4+2) annulation with aldehydes. Finally, purine‐derived diester cyclopropanes could be accessed using the condensation of nucleobases with chloromethyl ethylidene malonates, but annulation reactions with this class of substrates were not successful.
Expression of protocadherin gamma in skeletal muscle tissue is associated with age and muscle weakness
Authors: Hangelbroek Roland W. J. , Fazelzadeh Parastoo , Tieland Michael , Boekschoten Mark V. , Hooiveld Guido J. E. J. , van Duynhoven John P. M. , Timmons James A. , Verdijk Lex B. , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , van Loon Luc J. C. , Müller Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe skeletal muscle system plays an important role in the independence of older adults. In this study we examine differences in the skeletal muscle transcriptome between healthy young and older subjects and (pre‐)frail older adults. Additionally, we examine the effect of resistance‐type exercise training on the muscle transcriptome in healthy older subjects and (pre‐)frail older adults.MethodsBaseline transcriptome profiles were measured in muscle biopsies collected from 53 young, 73 healthy older subjects, and 61 frail older subjects. Follow‐up samples from these frail older subjects (31 samples) and healthy older subjects (41 samples) were collected after 6 months of progressive resistance‐type exercise training. Frail older subjects trained twice per week and the healthy older subjects trained three times per week.ResultsAt baseline genes related to mitochondrial function and energy metabolism were differentially expressed between older and young subjects, as well as between healthy and frail older subjects. Three hundred seven genes were differentially expressed after training in both groups. Training affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix, glucose metabolism ,and vascularization. Expression of genes that were modulated by exercise training was indicative of muscle strength at baseline. Genes that strongly correlated with strength belonged to the protocadherin gamma gene cluster (r = −0.73).ConclusionsOur data suggest significant remaining plasticity of ageing skeletal muscle to adapt to resistance‐type exercise training. Some age‐related changes in skeletal muscle gene expression appear to be partially reversed by prolonged resistance‐type exercise training. The protocadherin gamma gene cluster may be related to muscle denervation and re‐innervation in ageing muscle.
Standardized letters of recommendation and successful match into otolaryngology
Authors: Kimple Adam J. , McClurg Stanley W. , Del Signore Anthony G. , Tomoum Mohamed O. , Lin Feng‐Chang , Senior Brent A. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives/HypothesisHistorically, narrative letters of recommendation have been utilized in the selection of applicants for otolaryngology residency programs. In the last two application cycles, our specialty adopted a standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR). The intent was to decrease time burden for letter writers and to provide readers with an objective evaluation of applicants. The objective of this study was to determine attributes in the SLOR that correlate with matching into a residency program.Study DesignWe performed a retrospective study using SLOR, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 scores, and matched outcomes of applicants who applied to our institution for the 2013 and 2014 match cycle.MethodsWe included the following variables from the SLOR in the statistical analysis to determine which ones were associated with matching: patient care, medical knowledge, communication skills, procedural skills, research, initiative and drive, commitment to otolaryngology, commitment to academic medicine, match potential, and USMLE1 scores.ResultsWe identified 532 applicants and 963 SLOR. In successful applicants, scores for patient care, medical knowledge, communication skills, initiative and drive, and match potential were statistically higher (P < 0.05). Scores for professionalism, procedural skills, research, commitment to otolaryngology, commitment to academic medicine, and USMLE step 1 scores were not higher among successfully matched applicants.ConclusionAlthough SLOR can save time for letter writers and provide an objective description of applicants, the utility of individual domains within the SLOR is questionable. Additionally, it is concerning that applicants' professionalism and procedural skills are not correlated with matching in our specialty.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:1071–1076, 2016
Quantitative assessment of the effects of water proton concentration and water T1 changes on amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) MRI: The origin of the APT imaging signal in brain tumor
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hoon , Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Kai , Zhang Yi , Jiang Shanshan , Zhao Xuna , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo quantify pure chemical exchange–dependent saturation transfer (CEST) related amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) signals in a rat glioma model and to investigate the mixed effects of water content and water T1 on APT and NOE imaging signals.MethodsEleven U87 tumor‐bearing rats were scanned at 4.7 T. A relatively accurate mathematical approach, based on extrapolated semisolid magnetization‐transfer reference signals, was used to remove the concurrent effects of direct water saturation and semisolid magnetization‐transfer. Pure APT and NOE signals, in addition to the commonly used magnetization‐transfer‐ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm, MTRasym(3.5ppm), were assessed.ResultsThe measured APT signal intensity of the tumor (11.06%, much larger than the value reported in the literature) was the major contributor (approximately 80.6%) to the MTRasym(3.5ppm) contrast between the tumor and the contralateral brain region. Both the water content ([water proton]) and water T1 (T1w) were increased in the tumor, but there were no significant correlations among APT, NOE, or MTRasym(3.5ppm) signals and T1w/[water proton].ConclusionThe effect of increasing T1w on the CEST signal in the tumor was mostly eliminated by the effect of increasing water content, and the observed APT‐weighted hyperintensity in the tumor should be dominated by the increased amide proton concentration. Magn Reson Med 77:855–863, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Quantifying disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using peripheral nerve sonography
Authors: Schreiber Stefanie , Dannhardt‐Stieger Verena , Henkel Dorothea , Debska‐Vielhaber Grazyna , Machts Judith , Abdulla Susanne , Kropf Siegfried , Kollewe Katja , Petri Susanne , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Dengler Reinhard , Nestor Peter J. , Vielhaber Stefan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we investigated whether peripheral nerve sonography could be used as a biomarker to monitor disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: In 37 patients, ulnar and median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) was determined in at least 2 ultrasound sessions; mean follow‐up was 14.5 months. Linear mixed‐effects models were conducted to analyze time effects on CSA. Results: Ulnar nerve CSA declined significantly at a monthly rate of –0.04 mm2 (forearm) and –0.05 mm2 (wrist); the decrease was more pronounced when baseline CSA was greater. To detect a 50% treatment effect on ulnar nerve CSA, 332 patients would need to be entered in a hypothetical randomized, controlled clinical trial. Time had no significant impact on median nerve CSA. Conclusions: Distal ulnar nerve ultrasound may be a useful biomarker to monitor disease progression in ALS, especially as hypothetical treatment effects on CSA seem to be detectable in manageable cohort sizes. Muscle Nerve 54: 391–397, 2016
Prenatal reflex DNA screening for Down syndrome: enhancing the screening performance of the initial first trimester test
Authors: Wald Nicholas J. , Bestwick Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of adding three biochemical markers (alphafetoprotein, inhibin‐A, and placental growth factor) and two ultrasound markers (ductus venosus pulsatility index and nasal bone examination) to enhance the initial Combined test in prenatal reflex DNA screening for Down syndrome.MethodsPublished data were used to estimate screening performance [detection rates (DRs) and false‐positive rates (FPRs)] of reflex DNA screening according to the additional markers used, the proportion of women with the highest initial test risks reflexed to DNA testing and the gestational age at the time of blood collection.ResultsIf 10% of women are reflexed, the addition of the three biochemical markers to the Combined test increases the DR from 90.8% to 92.3% (FPR 0.025% to 0.027%) with markers measured at 11 completed weeks' gestation. With markers measured at 13 completed weeks' gestation the DR increases from 87.7% to 95.2% (FPRs both 0.027%). The further addition of the two ultrasound markers increases the DR to 96.8% and 97.5% at 11 and 13 weeks' respectively (FPR to 0.024% and 0.022% respectively).ConclusionAdding the specified markers to the Combined test can maintain or improve screening performance with a lower proportion of women reflexed. Our results can be used to determine the most cost‐effective reflex DNA screening policy. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexuality‐related issues in borderline personality disorder: A comprehensive review
Authors: Frías Álvaro , Palma Carol , Farriols Núria , González Laura 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveSexuality is somewhat neglected in clinical research on borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodWe performed a systematic review from 1980 to November 2014 through PubMed and PsycINFO.ResultsEmpirical evidence underscores that childhood sexual trauma may be considered a non‐specific risk factor for BPD. Furthermore, individuals with BPD also display higher sexual identity disturbances and homosexual relationships than non‐BPD individuals. Moreover, patients with BPD also exhibit higher sexual impulsivity than non‐BPD. In addition, sexual risk behaviours among individuals with BPD are related to increased rates of sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, rape and commercial sexual relationships, especially among drug abusers. Although psychotherapy is widely recommended for BPD, there has been little systematic research on the effect of these treatments with respect to co‐morbid post‐traumatic symptoms related to childhood sexual trauma.ConclusionsSexuality‐related issues represent a major clinical topic within this population. Findings are discussed concerning their methodological limitations and clinical implications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent progress on cyclic polymers: Synthesis, bioproperties, and biomedical applications
Authors: Tu Xiao‐Yan , Liu Ming‐Zhu , Wei Hua 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPolymer topologies exert a significant effect on its properties, and polymer nanostructures with advanced architectures, such as cyclic polymers, star‐shaped polymers, and hyperbranched polymers, are a promising class of materials with advantages over conventional linear counterparts. Cyclic polymers, due to the lack of polymer chain ends, have displayed intriguing physical and chemical properties. Such uniqueness has drawn considerable attention over the past decade. The current review focuses on the recent progress in the design and development of cyclic polymer with an emphasis on its synthesis and bio‐related properties and applications. Two primary synthetic strategies towards cyclic polymers, that is, ring‐expansion polymerization and ring‐closure reaction are summarized. The bioproperties and biomedical applications of cyclic polymers are then highlighted. In the end, the future directions of this rapidly developing research field are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1447–1458
Energetics and core structure of the undissociated basal screw dislocation in wurtzite GaN
Authors: Belabbas I. , Chen J. , Nouet G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe have carried out computer atomistic simulations, based on Density Functional Theory, to investigate energetics and core structure of the undissociated basal screw dislocation in wurtzite GaN. Our calculations enabled us to establish the energetic hierarchy of two stable core configurations. The shuffle core configuration, which is formed by fully coordinated atoms, was demonstrated to be more energetically favorable than the glide configuration, which exhibits sp2‐like hybridization. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of QW growth temperature on the optical properties of blue and green InGaN/GaN QW structures
Authors: Hammersley Simon , Kappers Menno J. , Massabuau Fabien C.‐P. , Sahonta Suman‐Lata , Dawson Phil , Oliver Rachel A. , Humphreys Colin J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper we report on the impact that the quantum well growth temperature has on the internal quantum efficiency and carrier recombination dynamics of two sets of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well samples, designed to emit at 460 and 530 nm, in which the indium content of the quantum wells within each sample set was maintained. Measurements of the internal quantum efficiency of each sample set showed a systematic variation, with quantum wells grown at a higher temperature exhibiting higher internal quantum efficiency and this variation was preserved at all excitation power densities. By investigating the carrier dynamics at both 10 K and 300 K we were able to attribute this change in internal quantum efficiency to a decrease in the non‐radiative recombination rate as the QW growth temperature was increased which we attribute to a decrease in incorporation of the point defects. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of interface traps on switching behavior of normally‐OFF AlGaN/GaN MOS‐HEMTs
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Zhou Qi , Jin Yang , Chen Bowen , Chen Wanjun , Huang Wei , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we report an experimental observation of the two‐stage turn‐on characteristic in normally‐OFF Al2O3/GaN metal‐oxide‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS‐HEMTs) on Si substrate. The impact of oxide/GaN interface traps with different energy levels on the switching behavior of the device was extensively examined by simulation and verified by measurements. The interface traps at 0.4 eV below the bottom of the conduction band (Eit = EC‐0.4 eV) of GaN buffer with a density of Dit= 6.5×1012 cm‐2 was identified responsible for the observed two‐stage turn‐on characteristic. The weak Fermi‐level pinning (WFLP) induced by the dynamic electron filling of interface traps may hamper the electron from accumulating in the Al2O3/GaN MOS‐channel and then manifests a premature turn‐on during the switching‐on process. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)