bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Related Species Isolated from Food, Environment, Cosmetics, a Medical Device, and Clinical Samples Using the VITEK MS Microbial Identification System
Authors: Sulaiman Irshad M , Banerjee Pratik , Hsieh Ying-Hsin , Miranda Nancy , Simpson Steven , Kerdahi Khalil 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. is considered as one of the most common human-pathogenic bacteria, causing illnesses ranging from nonthreatening skin infections to lethal diseases, including sepsis, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and food poisoning. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains has increased morbidity and mortality and resulted in a major healthcare burden worldwide. Single and multilocus sequence typing have been extensively used in the identification of Staphylococcus species. Nevertheless, these assays are relatively time-consuming and require high-quality DNA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight has been used recently for the rapid identification of several bacterial species. In this study, we have examined 47 Staphylococcus isolates recovered from food, environment, clinical samples, cosmetic products, and a medical device and 3 American Type Culture Collection Staphylococcus reference isolates using bioMérieux VITEK MS and VITEK 2 systems to determine isolate identity. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed to confirm and compare the species identification data generated by VITEK 2 and VITEK MS systems. Although the VITEK 2 system could not identify one of the isolates, VITEK MS identified all 50 Staphylococcus spp. isolates tested. Results of this study clearly suggest that VITEK MS can be used in the rapid identification of Staphylococcus isolates of public health importance.
Heraldry
Authors: Cheesman Clive 
Published: September 2017

Heraldry is a traditional display system for family and corporate visual identity, originating in late twelfth‐century western Europe, based on the complex of design‐bearing units known in English as a coat of arms (→ Code). The word “heraldry” originally indicated the entire business of the heralds, court officials who at first recorded coats of arms and later (from the fifteenth century, when the various European jurisdictions began to attempt to regulate the sector) administered, designed, and licensed (“granted”) them. The late medieval and early modern system of heralds granting arms to proprietors on behalf of the state, which then guarantees some degree of protection for the design, survives in only a few countries: notably parts of the Commonwealth, South Africa, and possibly Ireland, though some post‐communist republics of eastern Europe have revived versions of the system.
Asymmetric [3+2] Annulations to Construct 1,2‐Bispirooxindoles Incorporating a Dihydropyrrolidine Motif
Authors: He Qing , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConstructing chiral bispirooxindoles is difficult to achieve but highly attractive owing to their many potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Here we present an asymmetric [3+2] annulation reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates from isatins and isatin‐based N‐Boc‐ketimines under the catalysis of a newly designed multifunctional 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐type substance. The reaction shows high γ‐regioselectivity, producing highly complex 1,2‐bispirooxindoles incorporating a dihydropyrrolidine motif in excellent yields with moderate to outstanding stereoselectivity (dr>19:1, up to >99% ee). This protocol has been expanded to utilize trifluoromethyl‐containing ketimines, delivering complicated architectures with fused and spirocyclic frameworks in modest enantioselectivity.magnified image
Development of Imino‐λ3‐iodanes with Improved Reactivity for Metal‐Free [2+2+1] Cycloaddition‐Type Reactions
Authors: Baba Takafumi , Takahashi Shunsuke , Kambara Yui , Yoshimura Akira , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Saito Akio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAiming at the enhancement of electrophilicity of imino‐λ3‐iodanes, we have developed (tosylimino)pentafluorophenyl‐λ3‐iodane, which shows superior reactivity compared to the commonly used (tosylimino)phenyl‐λ3‐iodane in the [2+2+1]‐type synthesis of imidazoles.magnified image
New onset of asthma and job status change among world trade center responders and workers
Authors: Kim Hyun , Baron Sherry , Baidwan Navneet K. , Schwartz Adam , Moline Jacqueline , Camacho‐Rivera Marlene 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDespite the high rates, the consequences of new onset asthma among the World Trade Center (WTC) responders in terms of the change in job status have not been studied.MethodsThis study consists of a cohort of 8132 WTC responders out of the total 25 787 responders who held a full‐time job at the baseline visit, and participated in at least one follow‐up visit.ResultsOverall, 34% of the study cohort changed their job status from full‐time at a follow‐up visit. Multivariable models showed that asthmatics were respectively 27% and 47% more likely to have any job status change and get retired, and twice as likely to become disabled as compared to non‐asthmatics.ConclusionsWith asthma incidence from WTC exposure, negative job status change should be considered as a potential long‐term consequence of WTC exposure.
Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol on a Boron‐ and Nitrogen‐Co‐doped Nanodiamond
Authors: Liu Yanming , Zhang Yujing , Cheng Kai , Quan Xie , Fan Xinfei , Su Yan , Chen Shuo , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Yaobin , Yu Hongtao , Hoffmann Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethanol, a clean and renewable liquid fuel with high heating value, is an attractive strategy for global warming mitigation and resource utilization. However, converting CO2 to ethanol remains great challenge due to the low activity, poor product selectivity and stability of electrocatalysts. Here, the B‐ and N‐co‐doped nanodiamond (BND) was reported as an efficient and stable electrode for selective reduction of CO2 to ethanol. Good ethanol selectivity was achieved on the BND with high Faradaic efficiency of 93.2 % (−1.0 V vs. RHE), which overcame the limitation of low selectivity for multicarbon or high heating value fuels. Its superior performance was mainly originated from the synergistic effect of B and N co‐doping, high N content and overpotential for hydrogen evolution. The possible pathway for CO2 reduction revealed by DFT computation was CO2→*COOH→*CO→*COCO→*COCH2OH→*CH2OCH2OH→CH3CH2OH.
Preparation of surface‐modified, micrometer‐sized carboxymethyl chitosan drug‐loaded microspheres
Authors: Cao Yuanlong , Ding Yuanyuan , Zhang Liping , Shi Gang , Sang Xinxin , Ni Caihua 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTDrug‐loaded microspheres have attracted much attention in embolization therapy for liver cancer in recent years. Carboxymethyl chitosan has obvious advantages for biomedical applications because of its exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, surface‐modified carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres were prepared by the crosslinking reactions of carboxymethyl chitosan in a reverse suspension system with poly(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) (PEGDE) as the crosslinking agent; this was followed by the grafting polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid on the surface of the microspheres. The microspheres showed regular spherical shapes with size distributions ranging from 300 to 600 μm. Ion‐exchange groups (COOH, SO3H) were introduced into the microspheres; these groups could load doxorubicin with a loading rate as high as 34.6% in 24 h. This was an increase of 49.8% compared to that of the pure carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres. Additionally, the microspheres possessed large network structures because macromolecular PEGDE was used as the crosslinking agent. The drug‐release profile showed that the surface‐modified microspheres displayed a sustained‐release manner compared with the nonmodified microspheres in phosphate‐buffered saline. These microspheres have promising applications as drug‐loaded arterial embolization agents for the interventional treatment of tumors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45731.
Untersuchungen zum Bestandsschutz von Holztreppen aus brandschutztechnischer Sicht am Berliner Baurecht
Authors: Meyn Wilhelm 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBeim „Bauen im Bestand“ müssen Planer von Baumaßnahmen häufig die Entscheidung treffen, nach welchem Rechtsstand das zu bewertende Gebäude oder Bauteil zu beurteilen ist. Nicht immer muss die Bausubstanz nach den heute geltenden Vorschriften eingestuft werden. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen kann der bauliche Bestand unverändert erhalten bleiben. Beispielhaft wird der „Bestandsschutz“ von Holztreppen in diesem Artikel am Berliner Baurecht untersucht. Hierzu werden die Baupolizei‐ bzw. Bauordnungen im historischen Wandel sowie die Änderungen der geografischen Gültigkeitsbereiche dieser Ordnungen durch die Stadtentwicklung Berlins beschrieben. In praxisbezogenen Beispielen wird die materielle Legalität bzw. Illegalität von Holztreppen aufgrund des zur Zeit der Errichtung gültigen Baurechts überprüft. Die prinzipielle Vorgehensweise, die hier beschrieben wird, kann auch auf andere Bundesländer und andere Bauteile übertragen werden.
Boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots as a sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of curcumin
Authors: Bian Wei , Wang Xuan , Wang Yakun , Yang Haifen , Huang Jialin , Cai Zongwei , Choi Martin M. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this present study, a fluorescent probe was developed to detect curcumin, which is derived from the rhizomes of the turmeric. We used a simple and economical way to synthesize boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots (BNCDs) by microwave heating. The maximum emission wavelength of the BNCDs was 450 nm at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm. The as‐prepared BNCDs were characterized by multiple analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized carbon nanoparticles had an average particle diameter of 4.23 nm. The BNCDs exhibited high sensitivity to the detection of curcumin at ambient conditions. The changes of BNCDs fluorescent intensity show a good linear relationship with the curcumin concentrations in the range 0.2–12.5 μM. This proposed method has been successfully applied to detect the curcumin in urine samples with the recoveries of 96.5–105.5%.
Supramolecular Hydro‐ and Ionogels: A Study of Their Properties and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Rizzo Carla , Arrigo Rossella , Dintcheva Nadka Tz. , Gallo Giuseppe , Giannici Francesco , Noto Renato , Sutera Alberto , Vitale Paola , D'Anna Francesca 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiimidazolium‐based organic salts, bearing peptides or amino acids as anions have been synthesised and tested for their gelling ability in biocompatible solvents. These low molecular weight salts were successfully used as gelators in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and ionic liquids. Then, the properties of the obtained soft materials were analysed in terms of melting temperature and gel strength as accounted for by rheological investigations. The gel‐phase formation was studied by using UV/Vis and resonance light scattering measurements, whereas the morphology of the soft materials was analysed by using polarised optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. To get information about the organisation of the gelator in the gelatinous matrix, X‐ray diffraction measurements were performed both on the neat gelators and their gels. The results collected show that the properties of the gel phases, like the thermal stability, the self‐repairing ability, the resistance to flow as well as the morphology, are dependent on the nature of the anion. Furthermore, bioassays revealed that the obtained diimidazolium organic salts possessed antimicrobial activity, against gram‐negative and gram‐positive tester strains. In particular and noteworthy, the diimidazolium organic salts exert a bactericidal capability, which was retained even if they are included in the gel phase. Thus, a novel kind of bioactive soft material was obtained that could be fruitfully employed as a non‐covalent coating exerting antibacterial capability.
Co3O4@Co/NCNT Nanostructure Derived from a Dicyanamide‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient Bi‐functional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Sikdar Nivedita , Konkena Bharathi , Masa Justus , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere has been growing interest in the synthesis of efficient reversible oxygen electrodes for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reactions (OER), for their potential use in a variety of renewable energy technologies, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Here, a bi‐functional electrocatalyst, derived from a novel dicyanamide based nitrogen rich MOF {[Co(bpe)2(N(CN)2)]⋅(N(CN)2)⋅(5 H2O)}n [Co‐MOF‐1, bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, N(CN)2−=dicyanamide] under different pyrolysis conditions is reported. Pyrolysis of the Co‐MOF‐1 under Ar atmosphere (at 800 °C) yielded a Co nanoparticle‐embedded N‐doped carbon nanotube matrix (Co/NCNT‐Ar) while pyrolysis under a reductive H2/Ar atmosphere (at 800 °C) and further mild calcination yielded Co3O4@Co core–shell nanoparticle‐encapsulated N‐doped carbon nanotubes (Co3O4@Co/NCNT). Both catalysts show bi‐functional activity towards ORR and OER, however, the core–shell Co3O4@Co/NCNT nanostructure exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for both the ORR with a potential of 0.88 V at a current density of −1 mA cm−2 and the OER with a potential of 1.61 V at 10 mA cm−2, which is competitive with the most active bi‐functional catalysts reported previously.
Suggesting the cytologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP): A retrospective analysis of atypical and suspicious nodules
Authors: Strickland Kyle C. , Howitt Brooke E. , Barletta Justine A. , Cibas Edmund S. , Krane Jeffrey F. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDThe term “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features” (NIFTP) has replaced a subset of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the indolent behavior of such tumors. NIFTPs are most often classified in an “indeterminate” diagnostic category. In the current study, the authors sought to identify cytologic features helpful in distinguishing NIFTP from other entities in these categories, particularly benign nodules.METHODSThe authors retrospectively evaluated a consecutive cohort of 130 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with an indeterminate diagnosis and available histopathologic follow‐up. All FNA specimens were evaluated using the ThinPrep method. Each FNA was blindly reviewed by 2 board‐certified cytopathologists, who assessed overall cellularity; architectural parameters; and nuclear features, including nuclear pallor and fine chromatin, distinct nucleoli, and irregular nuclear membranes. Each case received a score of 0 to 3, based on the presence or absence of these 3 nuclear features.RESULTSNuclear but not architectural features appeared to distinguish NIFTP from benign nodules. Ninety‐one percent of the NIFTPs (32 of 35 NIFTPs) received a score of ≥2, compared with 35% of benign nodules (23 of 66 benign nodules) (P<.0001). In contrast, NIFTP could not be differentiated from the invasive/infiltrative follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using these criteria (P = 1.000). Nuclear scoring was found to be especially useful in atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS); a score ≥2 enriched for NIFTP (39% vs 3% of AUS cases with a score <2), whereas a score <2 was more likely benign (85% vs 50% of AUS cases with a score ≥2).CONCLUSIONSIn indeterminate FNA specimens, the distinction of a possible NIFTP from a benign thyroid nodule can be suggested using a simple nuclear scoring system that is most valuable in AUS aspirates. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:86‐93. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
On Uniqueness for the Harmonic Map Heat Flow in Supercritical Dimensions
Authors: Germain Pierre , Ghoul Tej‐Eddine , Miura Hideyuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe examine the question of uniqueness for the equivariant reduction of the harmonic map heat flow in the energy supercritical dimension d ≥ 3. It is shown that, generically, singular data can give rise to two distinct solutions that are both stable and satisfy the local energy inequality. We also discuss how uniqueness can be retrieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DoS detection in WSNs: Energy‐efficient methods for selecting monitoring nodes
Authors: Monnet Quentin , Mokdad Lynda , Ballarini Paolo , Hammal Youcef , Ben‐Othman Jalel 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has increased rapidly over the last years. Due to their low resources, sensors come along with new issues regarding network security and energy consumption. Focusing on the network availability, previous studies proposed to protect clustered network against denial of service attacks with the use of traffic monitoring agents on some nodes. Those control nodes have to analyze the traffic inside a cluster and to send warnings to the cluster head whenever an abnormal behavior (e.g., high packets throughput or non‐retransmission of packets) is detected. But if the control nodes (cNodes) die out of exhaustion, they leave the network unprotected. To better fight against attacks, we try to enhance this solution by renewing periodically the election process. Furthermore, we propose three energy‐aware and secure methods to designate the cNodes in a hierarchically clustered WSN. The first one is a simple self‐election process where nodes randomly designate themselves. It leads to a better load balancing than a static method (i.e., with no renewal), but we argue that we can obtain better results by considering the remaining energy of the nodes at cNodes selection time. Hence, the second algorithm is purely based on the residual energy of the sensors. We discuss limitations of this deterministic process concerning security and cluster coverage and suggest workarounds. These improvements lead us to the third mechanism. It is based on residual energy too, but it includes a democratic election process in which nodes in the cluster vote to optimize the cNode role attribution. Results obtained from simulation experiments with the ns‐2 tool are provided to analyze the energy repartition in the network and to compare the three selection algorithms. All experimental outcomes show improvements of the load balancing in the network, while maintaining good detection coverage, in regard to static selection. Furthermore, the analysis of the respective performances of the three mechanisms is used as a basis to establish recommendations regarding the use cases of those methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation and scalability of an open source parallel flow solver
Authors: Bricteux L. , Zeoli S. , Bourgeois N. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis article concerns validation and verification (V&V) of the open source OpenFOAM incompressible flow solver that is widely used in both research and industry for the simulation of turbulent flows. Its numerical discretization scheme relies on classical finite volumes that are second order in space on regular grids. The solver is benchmarked using a challenging test case for which direct numerical simulation (DNS) reference data exist. The geometrical configuration of this flow is very simple, yet the behavior of the flow is 3D, complex, and unsteady, requiring an accurate flow solver to capture the associated physics. The physical problem addressed here requires huge computational grids. Computations are thus carried using parallel domain decomposition methods on a fairly large number of cores. The validation study performed here is particularly severe as it consists in comparing OpenFOAM results with DNS data obtained using high‐order codes. As simulations of turbulent flows require great computational resources, results concerning strong and weak scalability of the OpenFOAM flow solver are also presented. The performances of the code are assessed on two different HPC infrastructures. The experiences carried here show that OpenFOAM scales fairly up to 1000 cores on a Tier‐1cluster. The influences of the processor hardware and network topology are also highlighted. This study also provides profiling diagnostics thanks to the Integrated Performance Monitor (IPM).
Identifying the Elusive Framework Niobium in NbS‐1 Zeolite by UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Xinping , Zhang Lejian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt was found that bands at 739, 963, and 1107 cm−1 in the resonant Raman spectra are characteristics of framework penta‐coordinated NbV−OH species, and that a band at 1336 cm−1 in the UV Raman spectrum with excitation line at 320 nm is a sensitive detector for identifying extra‐framework niobium species. The change of framework penta‐coordinated NbV−OH species into Nb+ and NbO− species due to dehydration was definitively confirmed based on UV resonance Raman and UV/Vis results.
A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: A presumptive illicit drug identification technique
Authors: Philp Morgan , Fu Shanlin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChemical ‘spot’ tests are a presumptive illicit drug identification technique commonly used by law enforcement, border security personnel, and forensic laboratories. The simplicity, low cost, and rapid results afforded by these tests make them particularly attractive for presumptive identification globally. In this paper, we review the development of these long‐established methods and discuss color test recommendations and guidelines. A search of the scientific literature revealed the chemical reactions occurring in many color tests are either not actively investigated or reported as unknown. Today, color tests face many challenges, from the appearance of new psychoactive substances to concerns regarding selectivity, sensitivity, and safety. Advances in technology have seen color test reagents used in digital image color analysis, solid sensors, and microfluidic devices for illicit drug detection. This summarizes current research and suggests the future of presumptive color testing.
Symptom trajectories throughout two family therapy treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Pila Eva , Le Grange Daniel , Sawyer Susan M. , Hughes Elizabeth K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the trajectory of symptom remission and affective functioning throughout the course of two family‐based treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN): conjoint family‐based treatment (FBT) and parent‐focused treatment (PFT).MethodParticipants were 107 adolescents (Mage = 15.5 years, SD = 1.5) with a primary diagnosis of AN who participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing FBT (N = 55) and PFT (N = 51). Patient weight and self‐reported assessments of dietary restraint and positive and negative affect were recorded at regular intervals throughout treatment.ResultsMultilevel models revealed increases in weight (β = 0.33, p < .001) and positive affect (β = 0.03, p < .001), and decreases in dietary restraint (β = –0.03, p < .001) and negative affect (β = −0.04, p < .001) over the course of treatment. No significant effects emerged by treatment type.DiscussionThese findings suggest that PFT may bring about comparable trajectories of weight gain and reduced dietary restraint as conjoint FBT, despite adolescents not being directly involved in treatment. These findings also highlight that the exclusively behavioral focus throughout both PFT and FBT is associated with significant increments in positive affect and significant reductions in negative affect.