bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imprint cytology‐based breast malignancy screening: an efficient nuclei segmentation technique
Authors: SAHA M. , ARUN I. , AGARWAL S. , AHMED R. , CHATTERJEE S. , CHAKRABORTY C. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryImprint cytology (IC) refers to one of the most reliable, rapid and affordable techniques for breast malignancy screening; where shape variation of H&E stained nucleus is examined by the pathologists. This work aims at developing an automated and efficient segmentation algorithm by integrating Lagrange's interpolation and superpixels in order to delineate overlapped nuclei of breast cells (normal and malignant). Subsequently, a computer assisted IC tool has been designed for breast cancer (BC) screening. The proposed methodology consists of mainly three subsections: gamma correction for preprocessing, single nuclei segmentation and segmentation of overlapping nuclei. Single nuclei segmentation combines histogram‐based thresholding and morphological operations; where segmentation of overlapping nuclei includes concave point detection, Lagrange's interpolation for overlapping arc area detection and the fine segmentation of overlapped arc area by superpixels. Total 16 significant features (p < 0.05) quantifying shape and texture of nucleus were extracted, and random forest (RF) classifier was skilled for automated screening. The proposed methodology has been tested on 120 IC images (approximately 12 000 nuclei); where 98% segmentation accuracy and 99% classification accuracy were achieved. Besides, performance evaluation was studied by using Jaccard's index (= 94%), correlation coefficient (= 95%), Dice similarity coefficient (= 97%) and Hausdorff distance (= 43%). The proposed approach could offer benefit to the pathologists for confirmatory BC screening with improved accuracy and could potentially lead to a better shape understanding of malignant nuclei.
Arcuate nucleus homeostatic systems reflect blood leptin concentration but not feeding behaviour during scheduled feeding on a high‐fat diet in mice
Authors: Bake T. , Baron J. , Duncan J. S. , Morgan D. G. A. , Mercer J. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHypothalamic homeostatic and forebrain reward‐related genes were examined in the context of scheduled meal feeding without caloric restriction in C57BL/6 mice. Mice fed ad libitum but allowed access to a palatable high‐fat (HF) diet for 2 hours a day rapidly adapted their feeding behaviour and consumed approximately 80% of their daily caloric intake during this 2‐hour scheduled feed. Gene expression levels were examined during either the first or second hour of scheduled feeding vs 24 hours ad libitum feeding on the same HF diet. Gene expression of neuropeptide Y, agouti‐related peptide, cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript, pro‐opiomelanocortin, long‐form leptin receptor and suppressor of cytokine signalling‐3 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), as well as enkephalin, dynorphin, dopamine‐2‐receptor and dopamine‐3‐receptor in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the forebrain, were measured by in situ hybridisation. Mice fed ad libitum on a HF diet had the highest total caloric intake, body weight gain, fat mass and serum leptin, whereas schedule‐fed mice had a mild obese phenotype with intermediate total caloric intake, body weight gain, fat mass and serum leptin. The effects of feeding regime on ARC gene expression were emphasised by significant positive or negative correlations with body weight gain, fat mass and blood leptin, although they did not appear to be related to feeding behaviour in the schedule‐fed groups (ie, the large, binge‐type meals) and did not reveal any potential candidates for the regulation of these meals. Mechanisms underlying large meal/binge‐type eating may be regulated by nonhomeostatic hedonic processes. However, assessment of opioid and dopamine receptor gene expression in the NAcc did not reveal evidence of involvement of these genes in regulating large meals. This complements our previous characterisation of ARC and NAcc genes in schedule‐fed mice and rats, although it still leaves open the fundamental question about the underlying mechanisms of meal feeding.
WHAT EXPLAINS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE EFFECT OF RETIREMENT ON HEALTH? EVIDENCE FROM GLOBAL AGING DATA
Authors: Nishimura Yoshinori , Oikawa Masato , Motegi Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the reasons for differences in the estimated effect of retirement on health in previous studies. We investigate these differences by focusing on the analysis methods used by these studies. Using various health indexes, numerous researchers have examined the effects of retirement on health. However, there are no unified views on the impact of retirement on various health indexes. Consequently, we show that the choice of analysis method is one of the key factors in explaining why the estimated results of the effect of retirement on health differ. Moreover, we re‐estimate the effect of retirement on health by using a fixed analysis method controlling for individual heterogeneity and endogeneity of the retirement behavior. We analyze the effect of retirement on health parameters, such as cognitive function, self‐report of health, activities of daily living (ADL), depression, and body mass index in eight countries. We find that the effects of retirement on self‐report of health, depression, and ADL are positive in many of these countries.
Discovery of the oldest record of Nitellopsis obtusa (Charophyceae, Charophyta) in North America
Authors: Karol Kenneth G. , Sleith Robin S. 
Published: June 2017

Studies of the colonization and spread of invasive species improves our understanding of key concepts in population biology as well as informs control and prevention efforts. The characean green alga Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort) is rare in its native Eurasian range but listed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as an aggressive invasive in North America. First documented in North America in 1978 from New York, United States, it has since been reported from numerous inland lakes from Minnesota to Vermont, and from Lake Ontario and inland lakes in southern Ontario, Canada. While the ecological impacts of N. obtusa are not clearly understood in its invasive range, initial results show negative environmental effects. We have discovered a liquid‐preserved herbarium specimen that predates the 1978 records by at least 4 years, and is the first confirmed record of N. obtusa in Québec.
Zoledronic acid and alendronate sodium and the implications in orthodontic movement
Authors: Franzoni J. S. , Soares F. M. P. , Zaniboni E. , Vedovello Filho M. , Santamaria M. P. , dos Santos G. M. T. , Esquisatto M. A. M. , Felonato M. , Mendonca F. A. S. , Franzini C. M. , Santamaria M. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats treated with two types of bisphosphonates (BPs), alendronate sodium (A) and zoledronic acid (Z).DesignIn all, 15 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group OTM+A: orthodontic tooth movement and subcutaneous administration of alendronate sodium (2.5 mg/kg); Group OTM+Z: orthodontic tooth movement and subcutaneous administration of zoledronic acid (0.02 mg/kg), and Group OTM: orthodontic tooth movement and subcutaneous injection of saline. The BPs were administered once a day during 25 days before OTM started and during 10 days of OTM. The left upper first molar was moved with a stainless‐steel closed coil spring which delivered an initial force of 0.4N. OTM was measured with a digital caliper comparing the moved and the contralateral side. The histomorphometric analysis counted the number of osteoclasts, inflammatory cells, blood vessels and fibroblasts (n/104 m2) in periodontal ligament (PDL) of the distobuccal root.ResultsA reduction of 58.3% of OTM was found in Group OTM+A and 99.6% in Group OTM+Z, when compared with Group OTM. There was a significant decrease of osteoclasts and inflammatory cells in BP‐treated groups. Blood vessels and fibroblastic cells decreased mainly in Group OTM+Z.ConclusionAlendronate sodium and zoledronic acid have similar effects on the periodontal tissue during orthodontic treatment in rats. Especially, zoledronic acid can affect orthodontic tooth movement.
Does hypothermia impair cerebrovascular autoregulation in neonates during cardiopulmonary bypass?
Authors: Smith Brendan , Vu Eric , Kibler Kathleen , Rusin Craig , Easley Ronald B. , Andropoulos Dean , Heinle Jeffrey , Czosnyka Marek , Licht Daniel , Lynch Jennifer , Brady Ken 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundAutoregulation monitoring has been proposed as a means to identify optimal arterial blood pressure goals during cardiopulmonary bypass, but it has been observed that cerebral blood flow is pressure passive during hypothermic bypass. When neonates cooled during cardiopulmonary bypass are managed with vasodilators and controlled hypotension, it is not clear whether hypothermia or hypotension were the cause of impaired autoregulation.AimWe sought to measure the effect of both arterial blood pressure and hypothermia on autoregulation in a cohort of infants cooled for bypass, hypothesizing a collinear relationship between hypothermia, hypotension, and dysautoregulation.MethodsCardiopulmonary bypass was performed on 72 infants at Texas Children's Hospital during 2015 and 2016 with automated physiologic data capture, including arterial blood pressure, nasopharyngeal temperature, cerebral oximetry, and a cerebral blood volume index derived from near infrared spectroscopy.Cooling to 18°C, 24°C, and 30°C was performed on 33, 12, and 22 subjects, respectively. The hemoglobin volume index was calculated as a moving correlation coefficient between mean arterial blood pressure and the cerebral blood volume index. Positive values of the hemoglobin volume index indicate impaired autoregulation. Relationships between variables were assessed utilizing a generalized estimating equation approach.ResultsHypothermia was associated with hypotension, dysautoregulation, and increased cerebral oximetry. Comparing the baseline temperature of 36°C with 18°C, arterial blood pressure was 44 mm Hg (39‐52) vs 25 mm Hg (21‐31); the hemoglobin volume index was 0.0 (−0.02 to 0.004) vs 0.5 (0.4‐0.7) and cerebral oximetry was 59% (57‐61) vs 88% (80‐92) (Median, 95% CI of median; P<.0001 for all three associations by linear regression with generalized estimation of equations with data from all temperatures measured).ConclusionsArterial blood pressure, temperature, and cerebral autoregulation were collinear in this cohort. The conclusion that hypothermia causes impaired autoregulation is thus confounded. The effect of temperature on autoregulation should be delineated before clinical deployment of autoregulation monitors to prevent erroneous determination of optimal arterial blood pressure. Showing the effect of temperature on autoregulation will require a normotensive hypothermic model.
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists versus long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in patients with stable COPD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Wang‐Chun , Huang Chi‐Hsien , Sheu Chau‐Chyun , Chong Inn‐Wen , Chu Kuo‐An , Chen Yung‐Che , Tsai Jong‐Rung , Lee Cheng‐Hung , Wei Yu‐Feng 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Several long‐acting bronchodilators have been developed and are widely used as first‐line treatment in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the initial choice of therapy is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical efficacy and safety of long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long‐acting beta2‐agonist (LABA) in patients with stable COPD. We searched several databases and manufacturers’ websites to identify relevant randomized clinical trials for meta‐analysis. Outcomes of interest were trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), acute exacerbations, transitional dyspnoea index (TDI) score, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and adverse events. Sixteen trials with a total of 22 872 patients were included in this study. Compared with LABA, LAMA were associated with a greater reduction in acute exacerbations (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.94, P = 0.003) and fewer adverse events (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97, P = 0.005). There were no significant differences in trough FEV1, TDI and SGRQ scores. In patients with stable COPD, LAMA were associated with a greater reduction in acute exacerbations and fewer adverse effects compared with LABA.
Small Area Models for Skewed Brazilian Business Survey Data
Authors: Moura Fernando A. S. , Neves André Felipe , Silva Denise Britz do N. 
Published: June 2017

Summary
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics performs an annual service survey that focuses on segments of the tertiary sector. Sample estimates for some economic activities in the north, north-east and midwest regions of Brazil have low precision due to the sample design. Furthermore, one of the main variables of interest is considerably skewed with potential outliers. To overcome this problem, skew normal and skew t-models are proposed to produce model-based estimates. The small domain estimation models relate operating revenue variables to potential auxiliary variables (the number of employed people and wages) obtained from a business register. The models proposed are compared with the usual Fay–Herriot model under the assumptions of known and unknown sampling variances and its transformed log-version under the assumption of known variances. The evaluation studies with real business survey data show that the models proposed seem to be more efficient for small area predictions under skewed data than the customarily employed Fay–Herriot model, as well as its log-normal version.
Detecting Ebola with limited laboratory access in the Democratic Republic of Congo: evaluation of a clinical passive surveillance reporting system
Authors: Ashbaugh Hayley R. , Kuang Brandon , Gadoth Adva , Alfonso Vivian H. , Mukadi Patrick , Doshi Reena H. , Hoff Nicole A. , Sinai Cyrus , Mossoko Mathias , Kebela Benoit Ilunga , Muyembe Jean‐Jacques , Wemakoy Emile Okitolonda , Rimoin Anne W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundEbola virus disease (EVD) can be clinically severe and highly fatal, making surveillance efforts for early disease detection of paramount importance. In areas with limited access to laboratory testing, the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) may be a vital tool in improving outbreak response.MethodsUsing DRC IDSR data from the nation's four EVD outbreak periods from 2007–2014, we assessed trends of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) and EVD differential diagnoses reportable through IDSR. With official case counts from active surveillance of EVD outbreaks, we assessed accuracy of reporting through the IDSR passive surveillance system.ResultsAlthough the active and passive surveillance represent distinct sets of data, the two were correlated, suggesting that passive surveillance based only on clinical evaluation may be a useful predictor of true cases prior to laboratory confirmation. There were 438 suspect VHF cases reported through the IDSR system and 416 EVD cases officially recorded across the outbreaks examined.ConclusionAlthough collected prior to official active surveillance cases, case reporting through the IDSR during the 2007, 2008 and 2012 outbreaks coincided with official EVD epidemic curves. Additionally, all outbreak areas experienced increases in suspected cases for both malaria and typhoid fever during EVD outbreaks, underscoring the importance of training health care workers in recognising EVD differential diagnoses and the potential for co‐morbidities.
Vector competence of MalaysianAedes albopictuswith and withoutWolbachiato four dengue virus serotypes
Authors: Joanne Sylvia , Vythilingam Indra , Teoh Boon‐Teong , Leong Cherng‐Shii , Tan Kim‐Kee , Wong Meng‐Li , Yugavathy Nava , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the susceptibility status ofAedes albopictuswith and withoutWolbachiato the four dengue virus serotypes.MethodsTwo newly colonised colonies ofAe. albopictusfrom the wild were used for the study. One colony was naturally infected withWolbachiawhile in the otherWolbachiawas removed by tetracycline treatment. Both colonies were orally infected with dengue virus‐infected fresh blood meal. Dengue virus load was measured using quantitativeRT‐PCRat four‐time intervals in the salivary glands, midguts and ovaries.ResultsWolbachiadid not significantly affect MalaysianAe. albopictusdengue infection or the dissemination rate for all four dengue virus serotypes. MalaysianAe. albopictushad the highest replication kinetics forDENV‐1 and the highest salivary gland and midgut infection rate forDENV‐4.ConclusionWolbachia,which naturally exists in MalaysianAe. albopictus,does not significantly affect dengue virus replication. MalaysianAe. albopictusis susceptible to dengue virus infections and capable of transmitting dengue virus, especiallyDENV‐1 andDENV‐4. Removal ofWolbachiafrom MalaysianAe. albopictuswould not reduce their susceptibility status.
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genome and the genomics of punicalagin biosynthesis
Authors: Qin Gaihua , Xu Chunyan , Ming Ray , Tang Haibao , Guyot Romain , Kramer Elena M. , Hu Yudong , Yi Xingkai , Qi Yongjie , Xu Xiangyang , Gao Zhenghui , Pan Haifa , Jian Jianbo , Tian Yinping , Yue Zhen , Xu Yiliu 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a perennial fruit crop grown since ancient times that has been planted worldwide and is known for its functional metabolites, particularly punicalagins. We have sequenced and assembled the pomegranate genome with 328 Mb anchored into nine pseudo‐chromosomes and annotated 29 229 gene models. A Myrtales lineage‐specific whole‐genome duplication event was detected that occurred in the common ancestor before the divergence of pomegranate and Eucalyptus. Repetitive sequences accounted for 46.1% of the assembled genome. We found that the integument development gene INNER NO OUTER (INO) was under positive selection and potentially contributed to the development of the fleshy outer layer of the seed coat, an edible part of pomegranate fruit. The genes encoding the enzymes for synthesis and degradation of lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose were also differentially expressed between soft‐ and hard‐seeded varieties, reflecting differences in their accumulation in cultivars differing in seed hardness. Candidate genes for punicalagin biosynthesis were identified and their expression patterns indicated that gallic acid synthesis in tissues could follow different biochemical pathways. The genome sequence of pomegranate provides a valuable resource for the dissection of many biological and biochemical traits and also provides important insights for the acceleration of breeding. Elucidation of the biochemical pathway(s) involved in punicalagin biosynthesis could assist breeding efforts to increase production of this bioactive compound.
A new strategy for umbilical cord blood collection developed at the first Colombian public cord blood bank increases total nucleated cell content
Authors: Vanegas Diana , Triviño Lady , Galindo Cristian , Franco Leidy , Salguero Gustavo , Camacho Bernardo , Perdomo‐Arciniegas Ana‐María 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDThe total nucleated cell dosage of umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an important factor in determining successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after a minimum human leukocyte antigen donor‐recipient match. The northern South American population is in need of a new‐generation cord blood bank that cryopreserves only units with high total nucleated cell content, thereby increasing the likelihood of use. Colombia set up a public cord blood bank in 2014; and, as a result of its research for improving high total nucleated cell content, a new strategy for UCB collection was developed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSData from 2933 collected and 759 cryopreserved cord blood units between 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. The correlation of donor and collection variables with cellularity was evaluated. Moreover, blood volume, cell content, CD34+ count, clonogenic capacity, and microbial contamination were assessed comparing the new method, which combines in utero and ex utero techniques, with the conventional strategies.RESULTSMultivariate analysis confirmed a correlation between neonatal birth weight and cell content. The new collection method increased total nucleated cell content in approximately 26% and did not alter pre‐cryopreservation and post‐thaw cell recovery, viability, or clonogenic ability. Furthermore, it showed a remarkably low microbial contamination rate (1.2%).CONCLUSIONThe strategy for UCB collection developed at the first Colombian public cord blood bank increases total nucleated cell content and does not affect unit quality. The existence of this bank is a remarkable breakthrough for Latin‐American patients in need of this kind of transplantation.
Residual risk of bacterial contamination of platelets: six years of experience with sterility testing
Authors: Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , DiFranco Caesar , McIntyre Terri , Goldman Mindy 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDCanadian Blood Services screens 100% of platelet concentrates (PCs) for bacterial contamination with the BacT/ALERT system. Quality‐control sterility testing of 1% (≥10 units) of outdated PCs is performed monthly. Data from routine screening, quality‐control testing, and septic reactions obtained from 2010 to 2016 are presented herein.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn total, 601,988 buffy coat PC pools and 186,737 apheresis PCs were routinely screened with aerobic cultures over 6 years. Outdate quality‐control testing of 8535 buffy coat and 8498 apheresis PCs was performed using aerobic and anaerobic cultures during the same period. Results were classified as “true‐positives” when the same bacterium was isolated in initial and confirmatory cultures or “false‐negatives” when bacteria were missed in early screening and were captured during quality‐control sterility testing or through investigation of sepsis cases.RESULTSDuring routine screening, the true‐positive rates between buffy coat (0.94 per 10,000) and apheresis (0.96 per 10,000) PCs were similar (p = 0.9473). Seventy‐five bacteria isolated during PC screening included Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative organisms. Six false‐negative septic reactions were reported that implicated coagulase‐negative staphylococci (n = 3) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3) for approximate rates of 1 per 100,000 transfusion reactions and 1 per 500,000 fatalities. During quality‐control testing, the false‐negative rates between buffy coat (8 per 10,000) and apheresis (9 per 10,000) PCs were similar (p = 0.7897). All 15 quality‐control isolates were Gram‐positive bacteria.CONCLUSIONThe current bacterial screening protocol is efficacious for identifying Gram‐negative bacteria. However, the high proportion of Gram‐positive organisms detected on outdate quality‐control testing and septic transfusion events demonstrates a residual safety risk that merits further intervention.