bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the experience of voices in borderline personality disorder with the experience of voices in a psychotic disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Merrett Zalie , Rossell Susan L , Castle David J 
Published: February 2016

Objective: In clinical settings, there is substantial evidence both clinically and empirically to suggest that approximately 50% of individuals with borderline personality disorder experience auditory verbal hallucinations. However, there is limited research investigating the phenomenology of these voices. The aim of this study was to review and compare our current understanding of auditory verbal hallucinations in borderline personality disorder with auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with a psychotic disorder, to critically analyse existing studies investigating auditory verbal hallucinations in borderline personality disorder and to identify gaps in current knowledge, which will help direct future research. Method: The literature was searched using the electronic database Scopus, PubMed and MEDLINE. Relevant studies were included if they were written in English, were empirical studies specifically addressing auditory verbal hallucinations and borderline personality disorder, were peer reviewed, used only adult humans and sample comprising borderline personality disorder as the primary diagnosis, and included a comparison group with a primary psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. Results: Our search strategy revealed a total of 16 articles investigating the phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations in borderline personality disorder. Some studies provided evidence to suggest that the voice experiences in borderline personality disorder are similar to those experienced by people with schizophrenia, for example, occur inside the head, and often involved persecutory voices. Other studies revealed some differences between schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder voice experiences, with the borderline personality disorder voices sounding more derogatory and self-critical in nature and the voice-hearers’ response to the voices were more emotionally resistive. Furthermore, in one study, the schizophrenia group’s voices resulted in more disruption in daily functioning. These studies are, however, limited in number and do not provide definitive evidence of these differences. Conclusion: The limited research examining auditory verbal hallucinations experiences in borderline personality disorder poses a significant diagnostic and treatment challenge. A deeper understanding of the precise phenomenological characteristics will help us in terms of diagnostic distinction as well as inform treatments.
Conventional En Masse Repair Versus Separate Double-Layer Double-Row Repair for the Treatment of Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo , Lee Hyo-Jin , Jin Hong-Ki , Kim Sung-Eun , Lee Jin-Woo 
Published: February 2016

Background: The rotator cuff tendon is known to exert a shear force between the superficial and deep layers. Owing to this characteristic, separate repair of delaminated rotator cuff tears has been introduced for the restoration of the physiological biomechanics of the rotator cuff. However, whether conventional en masse repair or separate repair is superior is controversial in terms of outcomes. Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes between conventional en masse repair and separate double-layer double-row repair for the treatment of delaminated rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Randomized controlled study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Between August 2007 and March 2014, a total of 82 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of a delaminated tear were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups. In group 1 (n = 48), arthroscopic conventional en masse repair was performed. In group 2 (n = 34), separate double-layer double-row repair was performed. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain and range of motion (ROM) were assessed before surgery; at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery; and at the last follow-up visit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 12 months postoperatively to examine the retear rate and pattern. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in the preoperative demographic data, including patient age, sex, symptom duration, tear size, and functional scores ( P > .05). The mean follow-up period was 25.9 ± 1.2 months. Significant improvements in functional and pain scores were observed in both groups at the last follow-up visit. However, no significant differences in functional scores and ROM were found between the 2 groups at each time point, except that group 2 had significantly lower VAS pain scores ( P < .05) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Eight (17%) of 48 patients in group 1 and 6 (18%) of 34 patients in group 2 showed retears on MRI at 12-month follow-up ( P > .05). Conclusion: Both conventional en masse repair and separate double-layer double-row repair were effective in improving clinical outcomes in the treatment of delaminated rotator cuff tears. Lower pain scores were seen in patients who underwent separate double-layer double-row repair.
Effectiveness of Various Methods of Teaching Proper Inhaler Technique
Authors: Axtell Samantha , Haines Seena , Fairclough Jamie 
Published: February 2016

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 4 different instructional interventions in training proper inhaler technique. Design: Randomized, noncrossover trial. Setting: Health fair and indigent clinic. Participants: Inhaler-naive adult volunteers who spoke and read English. Interventions: Subjects were assigned to complete the following: (1) read a metered dose inhaler (MDI) package insert pamphlet, (2) watch a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) video demonstrating MDI technique, (3) watch a YouTube video demonstrating MDI technique, or (4) receive direct instruction of MDI technique from a pharmacist. Primary Outcome: Inhaler use competency (completion of all 7 prespecified critical steps). Results: Of the 72 subjects, 21 (29.2%) demonstrated competent inhaler technique. A statistically significant difference between pharmacist direct instruction and the remaining interventions, both combined ( P < .0001) and individually ( P ≤ .03), was evident. No statistically significant difference was detected among the remaining 3 intervention groups. Critical steps most frequently omitted or improperly performed were exhaling before inhalation and holding of breath after inhalation. Conclusion: A 2-minute pharmacist counseling session is more effective than other interventions in successfully educating patients on proper inhaler technique. Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in reducing the implications of improper inhaler use.
The need for educating patients with schizophrenia about the adverse effects of medications
Authors: Hashimoto Yasuhiko , Tensho Masami 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Medication non-adherence is observed in many patients with schizophrenia. We investigated the effects of educational intervention on patient awareness of the adverse effects of their medication for patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Inpatients with schizophrenia ( N=87) in two Japanese hospitals were allocated to two groups, one that was aware of the adverse effects of medications and one that was unaware, according to their responses to the question ‘In the past month, have you experienced any adverse effects from your medications?’ Then, they were questioned about adverse effects. Results: Only 27.6% of patients recognized the adverse effects of their medications. After pharmacists educated them and showed them a list of adverse effects, the prevalence of recognition increased dramatically (≤96.6%). Most patients with schizophrenia clearly did not recognize the adverse effects of their medications. When patients experienced discomfort they tended to stop taking their medications. Conclusions: Adverse effects are a common risk factor for discontinuation of medication, so early detection and reporting of such effects may result in them being addressed sooner. Considering the risks of relapse caused by discontinuation of medication, healthcare professionals should actively educate patients with schizophrenia about dysphoria and manage adverse effects.
Evaluation of a rapid hydration protocol: Safety and effectiveness
Authors: Meredith Sean , Hilliard Jane , Vaillancourt Regis 
Published: February 2016

Background The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) has implemented a rapid hydration protocol that may reduce the time required to achieve urine specific gravity and pH targets prior to chemotherapy. Objective The aim of this study was to determine if a rapid hydration protocol resulted in a shorter time to chemotherapy administration and during peak staffing levels without increasing adverse effects. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted using data from electronic and paper medical charts, the hematology/oncology whiteboard, and video recordings. Patients who received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cisplatin and ifosfamide during the study period were included in the chart review. A urine specific gravity of ≤1.01, and in most cases a urine pH ≥7 was required to begin chemotherapy. Differences in time parameters between the standard and rapid hydration protocols were measured. Comparable parameters included the time from the start of pre-chemotherapy hydration to meeting urine targets, time from starting hydration to administration of chemotherapy, length of hospital stay and the number of chemotherapy administrations that were initiated prior to the nursing shift change at 19:30 h. Results Data were collected from 116 pre-chemotherapy intravenous hydration events administered to 25 different patients. There was a shorter time required to reach urine specific gravity and pH targets with the rapid hydration protocol compared to the standard hydration protocol, which translated into initiating chemotherapy sooner. There was also a shorter overall length of hospital stay and administration of chemotherapy occurred before the nursing shift change more often in the rapid hydration cohort compared to those patients who received the standard hydration protocol. There were no significant differences in adverse effects between the groups. Conclusion Patients receiving rapid hydration had a shorter time to chemotherapy administration and had a shorter length of stay in hospital. Rapid hydration resulted in the first dose of chemotherapy being administered earlier when more staff are available, which could reduce errors due to change in hospital personnel. The rapid hydration protocol did not result in an increase in reported adverse effects.
The Validity of the Supports Intensity Scale for Adults With Motor Disability
Authors: Arnkelsson Gudmundur , Sigurdsson Tryggvi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We argue that the construct of support needs as used in the field of intellectual disability (ID) offers applicability for persons with motor disabilities. To explore the validity of the Supports Intensity Scale (SIS) in groups other than ID, we studied the criterion validity for persons with motor disability in a population sample. The SIS showed excellent criterion validity, explaining 62–69% of the variance depending on different combinations of variables suggested by the literature. A distinctive pattern of support needs specific to motor disability was evident, supporting the sensitivity of the SIS for this population. In conclusion, the SIS is found to be an appropriate and valid instrument for assessing support needs in persons with motor disabilities.
Intertextual practices in academic writing by Chinese ESL students
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn light of the increase of international graduate students, the dynamics of higher education in English speaking countries have changed dramatically coupled with an obvious gap between native English speaking (NES) and English as second language (ESL) graduate students in terms of their academic literacy. As a key component of academic literacy, academic writing consists of noticeable differences between these two cohorts of students. Against the backdrop of ongoing attention to the process and practice of academic writing, this study examines Chinese ESL graduate students’ intertextual practices in composing their academic writing, especially, when the students newly arrived in an English speaking world. Intertextual practice in this study is concerned about not only the transgressive intertextual practice or plagiarism behaviours, but how Chinese ESL students draw on external sources in developing their own writing. This study shows that the most salient feature in the intertextual practice of the participants is the use of indirect quotes rather than syntheses in their own words, and most of the external sources are used to introduce new beliefs, ideas, or issues to their writing. In addition, this study explores possible factors that mediate these practices in consideration of the linguistic and sociocultural backgrounds of the Chinese ESL students.
Effect of L2 exposure: From a perspective of discourse markers
Authors: Liu Binmei 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Discourse markers (DMs) are of particular interest in the field of second language acquisition because a speaker’s use of L2 DMs may be good indicators for measuring the effect of exposure to the target language community on his/her L2 pragmatic competence. Previous studies lack detailed comparisons of the use of DMs in terms of frequency, variety, and function by a higher exposure group and a lower exposure group of L2 users. Previous studies lack native English speakers as baseline data as well. The current study investigates the effect of English exposure on the use of English DMs by Chinese speakers of English studying in the U.S. Data for the study were gathered using individual sociolinguistic interviews with five native English speakers and ten Chinese speakers of English at the University of Florida. The L2 exposure amount was assessed according to their total hours of natural/social English exposure since beginning to study English. Results showed that the higher exposure group used DMs at a higher rate and a wider variety than the lower exposure group. The L2 speakers acquired six native-like markers (and, like, just, y’know, sort of/kind of, and I mean) at different rates. And was the easiest marker to acquire by both exposure groups. Like and y’know showed clear differences in terms of frequency and function between the two exposure groups.
The Role and Place of the Preamble in Lithuanian Constitutional Regulation
Authors: Darijus Beinoravičius , Gediminas Mesonis , Milda Vainiutė 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
While analysing constitutions of various countries in the legal literature, typically not only the form and the content but also the structure of the constitution is discussed. The structure of the constitution is an internal organisational order of the norms of the constitution. Although every state’s constitution has a unique structure, certain regularities can be discerned. The analysis of the structure of various constitutions leads to the conclusion that normally each constitution consists of the following standard structural parts: the preamble, the main part, the final, transitional or additional provisions, and in some constitutions there can also be annexes.
The article confirms that most constitutions begin with an introductory part, the preamble. Only the constitutions of several countries (e.g. Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Greece) contain no preamble. The preamble reflects the historical context and the circumstances of the adoption of a constitution, names the goals of the constitutional regulation, fortifies the values to be attained, declares the key political principles or even the fundamental human rights and freedoms, etc. Often the preamble reveals the methods of adoption of a constitution. The preamble is an important structural part of the constitution that helps to understand the established constitutional regulation. The principles enshrined in it can be considered a significant argument for the constitutional justice institutions while solving the case of whether the law or any other legal act in question contradicts the constitution. The preamble is not only a political, ideological, and/or philosophical category; it undoubtedly also carries a legal burden, therefore it is considered to have legal validity. Preambles are characterized as having a so-called higher style; they are usually formulated not in compliance with the requirements of legal technique.
Prevalence and phenotypic correlations of EIF1AX mutations in thyroid nodules
Authors: Karunamurthy Arivarasan , Panebianco Federica , Hsiao Susan J , Vorhauer Jennie , Nikiforova Marina N , Chiosea Simion , Nikiforov Yuri E 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTheEIF1AXgene mutations have been recently found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). The prevalence of these mutations in other types of thyroid cancers and benign nodules is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence ofEIF1AXmutations in exons 2, 5, and 6 of the gene in a series of 266 thyroid tumors and hyperplastic nodules by either Sanger or next-generation sequencing (ThyroSeq v.2). In addition, 647 thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples with indeterminate cytology were analyzed. Using surgically removed samples,EIF1AXmutations were detected in 3/86 (2.3%) PTC, 1/4 (25%) ATC, 0/53 follicular carcinomas, 0/12 medullary carcinomas, 2/27 (7.4%) follicular adenomas, and 1/80 (1.3%) hyperplastic nodules. Among five mutation-positive FNA samples with surgical follow-up, one nodule was PTC and others were benign follicular adenomas or hyperplastic nodules. Overall, among 33 mutations identified, A113_splice mutation at the intron 5/exon 6 splice site ofEIF1AXwas the most common. All four carcinomas harbored A113_splice mutation and three of them had one or more coexisting mutations, typicallyRAS. All PTC carryingEIF1AXmutations were encapsulated follicular variants. In summary, this study shows thatEIF1AXmutations occur not only in thyroid carcinomas, but also in benign nodules. The most common mutation hotspot is the A113_splice, followed by a cluster of mutations in exon 2. When found in thyroid FNA samples,EIF1AXmutations confer ~20% risk of cancer; the risk is likely to be higher in nodules carrying a A113_splice mutation and whenEIF1AXcoexists withRASmutations.
Octreotide LAR Dosage and Survival Among Elderly Patients With Distant-Stage Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Shen Chan , Xu Ying , Dasari Arvind , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Yao James C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
Octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) is approved for the management of carcinoid syndromes and may improve progression-free survival of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It is unknown whether the dosage of octreotide LAR affects survival. This paper evaluates the association between initial octreotide LAR dosage and overall survival of elderly patients with NETs.

Patients and Methods.
Patients with distant-stage NET diagnosed between January 1999 and December 2009 who received octreotide LAR treatment within 12 months of diagnosis were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Those under age 65 years, enrolled in health maintenance organizations, or without continuous enrollment in Medicare Parts A and B were excluded. We compared the 5-year survival of patients with NET based on dose per 28 days averaged over the initial 3 months: low (≤20 mg); medium (21–30 mg); high (&gt;30 mg). Kaplan-Meier estimations and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to examine the association between octreotide LAR dose and survival.

Results.
Among 222 patients with distant-stage NET who received octreotide LAR treatment, 81 (36%) received a low dosage, 82 (37%) received a medium dosage, and only 59 (27%) received a high dosage. Multivariate analysis showed that compared with a medium octreotide LAR dose, a low dosage was associated with significantly worse survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.00; p = .001), whereas a high initial dosage (HR: 1.09; p = .719) did not show additional survival benefits over that observed with a medium dosage.

Conclusion.
This population-based study suggests potential survival benefits for octreotide LAR provided within 12 months of diagnosis at a dosage of 21–30 mg among elderly patients with distant-stage NET.
Enrollment in a Library Credit Course is Positively Related to the College Graduation Rates of Full Time Students
Authors: Sharun Sara 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Cook, J.M. (2014). A Library credit course and student success rates: A longitudinal study. College & Research Libraries 75(3), 272-283. doi:10.5860/crl12-424

Abstract

Objective – To determine the impact of a credit-bearing information literacy skills course on student success rates.

Design – Observational Study.

Setting – An academic library at a mid-sized university in Georgia, United States of America.

Subjects – Nine cohorts of students (n=15,012) who entered the institution for the first time, on a full-time basis, each year between 1999 and 2007.

Methods – Aggregate data on each student cohort was gathered from the Department of Institutional Research and Planning. Data included high school ACT and SAT scores, high school graduating GPAs, college graduating GPAs, and college graduation dates. The nine cohorts were each divided into two groups: students who took a credit library course (LIBR 1101) at some point during their student career, and students who did not. For each cohort, a Pearson Chi-Square test was used to determine statistical correlation between library course enrollment and four-, five-, and six-year graduation rates. Z-tests were used to determine a difference in the average graduation GPA of students who did and did not take the course, as well as a difference in the average high school graduation GPA, ACT, and SAT scores of the two groups in each cohort.

Main Results – Graduation rates were positively associated with students who took the library course at some point during their studies. Students who took the library course graduated at higher rates than students who did not: 56% of those students who took the library course graduated within the study’s time frame, compared to 30% of those who did not take the course. On average, there was no significant difference in college graduation GPAs between students who did and did not take LIBR 1101. During the time period of the study, more students who took the course graduated than those who did not, but those students who took the course did not have higher graduating GPAs.

Conclusion – Students who enrolled in LIBR 1101 at some point in their studies graduated at a significantly higher rate than students who did not.