bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on trends in childhood tuberculosis
Authors: Fry Samantha , Barnabas Shaun , Cotton Mark F. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Although tuberculosis (TB) causes much morbidity and mortality in children, diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Recently, children have gained increasing attention in research and clinical trials driving improved contact management, case identification and treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. This review highlights some recent advances.

Recent findings
The tuberculin skin test is the most widely used test to distinguish Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection from active TB, however, using M. tuberculosis-specific, antigenic stimulation of CD4 and CD8 cells appear more effective. The use of Xpert MTB/RIF to identify M. tuberculosis in clinical samples, together with novel sampling methods have in part, overcome the difficulty of sampling and increased case identification capacity. Advances in treating both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant childhood TB show promise in being more paediatric friendly and improving adherence. Dosing strategies for drug-sensitive TB have improved with dispersible fixed drug combinations now available. In the treatment and prevention of drug-resistant TB, however, research involving the use of newer and more effective drugs currently recommended for adults, are still ongoing in children.

Summary
The World Health Organization aims to end the TB epidemic by 2035 whereas the United Nations’ Sustainable Developmental Goals sets this ambitious target for 2030. Therefore, adequate funding and implementing effective national TB programs must be prioritized, particularly in high-burden, low-income settings.
App-Based Sexual Partner Seeking and Sexually Transmitted Infection Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study of HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Los Angeles, California
Authors: DeVost Michelle A. , Beymer Matthew R. , Weiss Robert E. , Shover Chelsea L. , Bolan Robert K. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) face higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with the general population. The association between venues where sexual partners are met and STI transmission is dynamic and poorly understood, especially among those who use geosocial networking (GSN) apps. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in STI incidence between MSM who met their last sexual partner through a GSN app and MSM who met their last partner via other venues.

Methods
Data were analyzed from HIV-negative MSM attending the Los Angeles LBGT Center between August 2015 and July 2016 (n = 9499). Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between STI incidence and whether or not an individual met his last partner through a GSN app.

Results
No relationship was detected between STI incidence and whether one's last sexual partner was met via GSN app. However, an association was detected between STI incidence and having used GSN apps to meet sexual partners in the past 3 months. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of venues used to meet partners and testing positive for any STI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.14).

Conclusions
The relationship between how people meet sexual partners and STI acquisition is much more nuanced than previously thought. Geosocial networking apps do not inherently expose users to high-risk reservoirs of STIs, but further understanding of the complexity of sexual networks and networking methods is warranted, given increasing rates of STIs.
New Swallowing Method to Improve Pharyngeal Passage of a Bolus by Creating Negative Pressure in the Esophagus—Vacuum Swallowing
Authors: Kunieda Kenjiro , Kubo Saori , Fujishima Ichiro 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Herein, we present a case of a patient with Wallenberg syndrome with severe bulbar dysphagia who discovered a unique swallowing method: creating strong negative pressure in the esophagus to improve pharyngeal passage of a bolus. A 47-yr-old man presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm in the right vertebral artery. After coil embolization, he experienced severe dysphagia due to Wallenberg syndrome and required tube feeding. Eighty-one days after the onset of the stroke, a videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation revealed that the bolus was rapidly sucked into the esophagus. High-resolution manometry showed weak constriction of the pharynx simultaneous with forced, voluntary constriction of the diaphragm before swallowing; this created negative pressure in the esophagus. The authors named this unique swallowing method “vacuum swallowing.” Ultimately, the patient was able to eat an ordinary diet via the use of this technique. Vacuum swallowing is a unique method of improving pharyngeal passage of a bolus by creating strong negative pressure in the esophagus. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether vacuum swallowing can be successfully used for other forms of dysphagia.
Applying Positive End-Expiratory Pressure During Mechanical Ventilation Causes Pulmonary Redox Imbalance and Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Andrade Mônica C. , Souza Ana Beatriz F. de , Horta Jacques G. , Paula Costa Guilherme de , Talvani André , Cangussú Sílvia D. , Menezes Rodrigo C. A. de , Bezerra Frank S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Mechanical ventilation (MV) may induce or aggravate lung injury through the production of cytokines, inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, and changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) helps improve gas exchanges avoiding alveolar collapse at the end of expiration. The present study aimed to analyze inflammatory response and redox imbalance in lungs of rats submitted to MV with and without PEEP.

Methods:
Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (CG), PEEP group (PG), and zero PEEP (ZEEP) group (ZG). PG and ZG were submitted to MV for 60 min with or without PEEP, respectively. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were collected for analyses.

Results:
The number of neutrophils was higher in PG compared with CG. Leucocyte and neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher in PG compared with CG. PG showed an increase in alveolar area compared with the other groups. There were increases in the levels of chemokines, CCL3 and CCL5, in PG compared with CG. There were increases in oxidation of lipids and proteins in PG compared with other groups. There were increases in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in PG compared with CG and ZG. However, there was a decrease in the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide in PG compared with other groups.

Conclusions:
MV with PEEP caused redox imbalance and inflammation in lungs of healthy rats.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Duvoisin Céline , Favre Lucie , Allemann Pierre , Fournier Pierre , Demartines Nicolas , Suter Michel 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to report, with a high follow-up rate, 10-year results in a large cohort of patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) done essentially by laparoscopy.

Background:
RYGBP has been performed for 50 years, including 20 years by laparoscopy, yet very few long-term results have been reported, mostly after open surgery.

Methods:
Prospective bariatric database established since the introduction of bariatric surgery. Retrospective data analysis on weight loss, long-term complications, quality of life, and comorbidities.

Results:
In all, 658 consecutive patients (515 women/143 men) were included: 554 with primary RYGBP, 104 with reoperative RYGBP. There was 1 (0.15%) postoperative death. Thirty-two (5%) patients died during follow-up from causes unrelated to surgery. Ten years after primary RYGBP, patients lost 28.6 ± 10.5% of their initial weight, corresponding to a mean of 13.2 body mass index (BMI) units. Among them, 72.8% achieved a BMI <35. Weight loss ≥20% was seen in 80.3% and <10% in 3.9% of patients. Results were similar in patients undergoing primary or reoperative RYGBP, but were better in patients who were initially less obese (BMI <50 kg/m2) than in superobese patients. Quality of life and comorbidities significantly improved with 80% resolution or improvement of metabolic comorbidities. All patients required supplementations, and 14.6% required long-term reoperation.

Conclusions:
RYGBP provides long-term satisfactory weight loss up to 10 years, and significantly improves quality of life and comorbidities. Long-term complications requiring reoperation can develop. Mineral and vitamin supplementation are universally necessary. Other more effective surgical options should be discussed in patients with very severe obesity.
CYRI (FAM49) proteins are local inhibitors of Scar/WAVE induced lamellipodia that bind directly to active Rac1
Authors: Fort Loic , Batista Jose , Thomason Peter , Spence Heather J. , Greaves Jennifer , Martin Kirsty J. , Anderson Kurt I. , Brown Peter , Lilla Sergio , Neilson Matthew P. , Tafelmeyer Petra , Zanivan Sara , Ismail Shehab , Tomkinson Nicholas C.O. , Chamberlain Luke H. , Insall Robert H. , Machesky Laura M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractActin-based protrusions driving cell migration are reinforced through positive feedback, but it is unclear how the cell restricts the eventual size of a protrusion or limits positive signals to cause splitting or retraction. We have identified an evolutionarily conserved regulator of the protrusion machinery, which we name CYRI (CYFIP-relatedRacinteracting) protein. CYRI shows sequence similarity to the Scar/WAVE complex member CYFIP in aDomain ofUnknownFunction, DUF1394. CYRI binds specifically to activated Rac1 via a common motif shared with CYFIP, establishing DUF1394 as a new Rac1 binding domain. CYRI-depleted cells have broad, Scar/WAVE-enriched lamellipodia and enhanced Rac1 signaling. Conversely, CYRI overexpression suppresses spreading and dramatically sharpens protrusions into unproductive needles. CYRI proteins use dynamic inhibition of Scar/WAVE induced actin to focus positive protrusion signals and regulate pseudopod complexity. CYRI behaves like a “local inhibitor” predicted and described in widely accepted mathematical models, but not previously identified in living cells.
Multiple inputs ensure yeast cell size homeostasis during cell cycle progression
Authors: Garmendia-Torres Cecilia , Tassy Olivier , Matifas Audrey , Molina Nacho , Charvin Gilles 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCoordination of cell growth and division is essential for proper cell function. In budding yeast, although some molecular mechanisms responsible for cell size control during G1 have been elucidated, the mechanism by which cell size homeostasis is established and maintained throughout the cell cycle remains to be discovered. Here, we developed a new technique based on quantification of histone levels to monitor cell cycle progression in individual yeast cells with unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis establishes the existence of a strong mechanism controlling bud size in G2/M that prevents premature entry into mitosis, and contributes significantly to the overall control of size variability during the cell cycle. While most G1/S regulation mutants do not display any strongly impaired size homeostasis, mutants in which B-type cyclin regulation is altered display large cell-to-cell size variability. Our study thus demonstrates that size homeostasis is not controlled by a G1-specific mechanism but is likely to be an emergent property resulting from the integration of several mechanisms, including the control of cyclin B-Cdk activity, that coordinate cell and bud growth with division.
CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes single-stranded DNase activity
Authors: Chen Janice S. , Ma Enbo , Harrington Lucas B. , Tian Xinran , Doudna Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) proteins are RNA-guided DNA targeting enzymes that bind and cut DNA as components of bacterial adaptive immune systems. Like CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12a can be used as a powerful genome editing tool based on its ability to induce genetic changes in cells at sites of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cuts. Here we show that RNA-guided DNA binding unleashes robust, non-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) cleavage activity in Cas12a sufficient to completely degrade both linear and circular ssDNA molecules within minutes. This activity, catalyzed by the same active site responsible for site-specific dsDNA cutting, indiscriminately shreds ssDNA with rapid multiple-turnover cleavage kinetics. Activation of ssDNA cutting requires faithful recognition of a DNA target sequence matching the 20-nucleotide guide RNA sequence with specificity sufficient to distinguish between closely related viral serotypes. We find that target-dependent ssDNA degradation, not observed for CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes, is a fundamental property of type V CRISPR-Cas12 proteins, revealing a fascinating parallel with the RNA-triggered general RNase activity of the type VI CRISPR-Cas13 enzymes.One Sentence SummaryCas12a (Cpf1) and related type V CRISPR interference proteins possess non-specific, single-stranded DNase activity upon activation by guide RNA-dependent DNA binding.
Provenance description of metadata application profiles for long-term maintenance of metadata schemas
Authors: Li Chunqiu , Sugimoto Shigeo 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Provenance information is crucial for consistent maintenance of metadata schemas over time. The purpose of this paper is to propose a provenance model named DSP-PROV to keep track of structural changes of metadata schemas.

Design/methodology/approach
The DSP-PROV model is developed through applying the general provenance description standard PROV of the World Wide Web Consortium to the Dublin Core Application Profile. Metadata Application Profile of Digital Public Library of America is selected as a case study to apply the DSP-PROV model. Finally, this paper evaluates the proposed model by comparison between formal provenance description in DSP-PROV and semi-formal change log description in English.

Findings
Formal provenance description in the DSP-PROV model has advantages over semi-formal provenance description in English to keep metadata schemas consistent over time.

Research limitations/implications
The DSP-PROV model is applicable to keep track of the structural changes of metadata schema over time. Provenance description of other features of metadata schema such as vocabulary and encoding syntax are not covered.

Originality/value
This study proposes a simple model for provenance description of structural features of metadata schemas based on a few standards widely accepted on the Web and shows the advantage of the proposed model to conventional semi-formal provenance description.
Gender bias in sentiment analysis
Authors: Thelwall Mike 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test if there are biases in lexical sentiment analysis accuracy between reviews authored by males and females.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses data sets of TripAdvisor reviews of hotels and restaurants in the UK written by UK residents to contrast the accuracy of lexical sentiment analysis for males and females.

Findings
Male sentiment is harder to detect because it is less explicit. There was no evidence that this problem could be solved by gender-specific lexical sentiment analysis.

Research limitations/implications
Only one lexical sentiment analysis algorithm was used.

Practical implications
Care should be taken when drawing conclusions about gender differences from automatic sentiment analysis results. When comparing opinions for product aspects that appeal differently to men and women, female sentiments are likely to be overrepresented, biasing the results.

Originality/value
This is the first evidence that lexical sentiment analysis is less able to detect the opinions of one gender than another.
Insight from social media use by memory institutions in New Zealand
Authors: Liew Chern Li , Oliver Gillian , Watkins Morgan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The relatively under-documented “dark side” of participatory activities facilitated by memory institutions through social media is examined in this study. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the risks and perception of risks resulting from using social media for public engagement and participation.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen representatives from the New Zealand information and cultural heritage sector who at the time of the study were holding the main responsibilities of overseeing the social media and participatory activities of the institutions they represented.

Findings
It is not evident that the growth of social web has significantly changed the way the heritage sector seeks participation. Only a small minority of the sample institutions appear to be using social web tools to build community and to enhance their heritage collections. For the majority, institutional use of social media is for creating a “chattering space”. The main concerns identified by interviewees were reputation management and the risk management process followed by most institutions appeared to be reactive, responding to problems as and when they occurred, rather than proactive about risk identification and avoidance.

Research limitations/implications
Findings are not generalisable as the sample size of thirteen institutions is relatively small and is limited to one national context.

Originality/value
Findings provide insight into largely unexplored issues relating to the development of participatory cultures by memory institutions. The paper highlights a key area where further research is needed, namely to explore whether participatory heritage should primarily be about curated viewpoints or whether it should encompass capturing living dialogues, even when conversations are potentially offensive.
A systematic review on the use of best practices for publishing linked data
Authors: Feitosa Danila , Dermeval Diego , Ávila Thiago , Bittencourt Ig Ibert , Lóscio Bernadette Farias , Isotani Seiji 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Data providers have been increasingly publishing content as linked data (LD) on the Web. This process includes guidelines (i.e. good practices) to publish, share, and connect data on the Web. Several people in different areas, for instance, sciences, medicine, governments and so on, use these practices to publish data. The LD community has been proposing many practices to aid the publication of data on the Web. However, discovering these practices is a costly and time-consuming task, considering the practices that are produced by the literature. Moreover, the community still lacks a comprehensive understanding of how these practices are used for publishing LD. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate and better understand how best practices support the publication of LD as well as identifying to what extent they have been applied to this field.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a systematic literature review to identify the primary studies that propose best practices to address the publication of LD, following a predefined review protocol. The authors then identified the motivations for recommending best practices for publishing LD and looked for evidence of the benefits of using such practices. The authors also examined the data formats and areas addressed by the studies as well as the institutions that have been publishing LD.

Findings
In summary, the main findings of this work are: there is empirical evidence of the benefits of using best practices for publishing LD, especially for defining standard practices, integrability and uniformity of LD; most of the studies used RDF as data format; there are many areas interested in dissemination data in a connected way; and there is a great variety of institutions that have published data on the Web.

Originality/value
The results presented in this systematic review can be very useful to the semantic web and LD community, since it gathers pieces of evidence from the primary studies included in the review, forming a body of knowledge regarding the use best practices for publishing LD pointing out interesting opportunities for future research.
Optimising the process parameters of selective laser melting for the fabrication of Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Li Zhonghua , Kucukkoc Ibrahim , Zhang David Z. , Liu Fei 
Published: November 2017

PurposeSurface roughness is an important evaluation index for industrial components, and it strongly depends on the processing parameters for selective laser molten Ti6Al4V parts. This paper aims to obtain an optimum selective laser melting (SLM) parameter set to improve the surface roughness of Ti6Al4V samples.Design/methodology/approachA response surface methodology (RSM)-based approach is proposed to improve the surface quality of selective laser molten Ti6Al4V parts and understand the relationship between the SLM process parameters and the surface roughness. The main SLM parameters (i.e. laser power, scan speed and hatch spacing) are optimized, and Ti6Al4V parts are manufactured by the SLM technology with no post processes.FindingsOptimum process parameters were obtained using the RSM method to minimise the roughness of the top and vertical side surfaces. Obtained parameter sets were evaluated based on their productivity and surface quality performance. The validation tests have been performed, and the results verified the effectivity of the proposed technique. It was also shown that the top and vertical sides must be handled together to obtain better top surface quality.Practical implicationsThe obtained optimum SLM parameter set can be used in the manufacturing of Ti6Al4V components with high surface roughness requirement.Originality/valueRSM is used to analyse and determine the optimal combination of SLM parameters with the aim of improving the surface roughness quality of Ti6Al4V components, for the first time in the literature. Also, this is the first study which aims to simultaneously optimise the surface quality of top and vertical sides of titanium alloys.