bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative examination of patients experiences of dietitians ' consultation engagement styles within nephrology
Authors: Morris A. , Herrmann T. , Liles C. , Roskell C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDietitians provide individuals with tailored, practical nutritional advice. For this reason, skills in effective interpersonal communication are essential. In the case of chronic kidney disease, the specifics of dietary advice may change according to renal function. The conveyance of accurate dietary advice and compliance is critical and requires full engagement with the service. The effect of communication styles on patients ' engagement experiences with renal dietetics is unknown. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explore patients ' engagement experiences with renal dietitians.MethodsA qualitative phenomenology study using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews was undertaken with 20 adult renal service users who had engaged with renal dietitians to receive dietary advice. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyse data.ResultsTwo main themes emerged from consultation experiences: helpful and unhelpful engagement styles. Individuals reporting helpful engagement styles experienced dietitians ' communication as empathetic, demonstrating positive regard for their lifestyles. However, individuals who reported experiences of unhelpful engagement styles found dietetic care indifferent and communication styles paternalistic. These individuals continued to engage reluctantly despite unhelpful engagement experiences, but felt disempowered. These diverse experiences of engagement can be interpreted by means of ‘ego states’ within the theoretical model of transactional analysis (TA). Adult ego states may underpin a helpful engagement style whilst a dietitians ' parental ego state was more likely to precipitate an unhelpful engagement style.ConclusionsEgo states, in the context of TA theory, can help to explain the way in which patients engage with renal dietitians. Attention should be given to the employment of a humanistic approach within dietetic consultations. Dietitans need to ensure that they can demonstrate expertise and confidence in the specific communication skills required for patient‐centred care.
Khat (Catha edulis) and its oral health effects: An updated review
Authors: Al‐Maweri Sadeq A. , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Samran Abdulaziz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKhat or qat (Catha edulis) is a plant that grows in East Africa and southern Arabia. The leaves and twigs of this small tree are chewed by several millions of people worldwide for their stimulating amphetamine‐like effects. The reported prevalence of khat chewing in Europe and the USA is on the rise, especially with global migration. Long‐term khat chewing has several detrimental general and oral health effects. The aim of the present study was to review the current literature regarding khat use and its association with oral and dental diseases, with particular emphasis on its link with oral keratotic white lesions and oral cancer. We searched the literature to identify all relevant articles. Studies showed that khat is associated with several oral and dental conditions, including keratotic white lesions, mucosal pigmentation, periodontal disease, tooth loss, plasma cell stomatitis, and xerostomia. There are limited data on the incidence of dental caries among khat chewers. The evidence that khat chewing is a risk factor for oral cancer is still weak, and is mainly based on anecdotal case reports and uncontrolled studies.
Effect of large instrument use on shaping ability and debris extrusion of rotary and reciprocating systems
Authors: Costa Elielton L. , Sponchiado‐Júnior Emílio C. , Garcia Lucas F. R. , Marques André A. F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of large instrument use on the shaping ability and apical debris extrusion of rotary and reciprocating systems in oval‐shaped root canals.MethodsForty‐five mandibular premolars, with an 18‐mm long, oval‐shaped single canal, and apical diameter ranging from 300 to 350 μm, were separated into three groups (n=15), according to the system used: ProTaper Universal group, F5 (0.50/0.05); ProTaper Next (PTN group), X5 (0.50/0.06); and Reciproc (RC group), R50 (0.50/0.05). Cone‐beam computed tomography was performed before and after preparation to analyze apical transportation (AT), centering ability (CA), and change in root canal diameter (CRCD). For evaluating apical debris extrusion, the roots were coupled to pre‐weighed glass receptacles to collect the extruded debris during preparation.ResultsAll systems promoted AT and apical debris extrusion; the latter was higher for the PTN group (P<.05). No system presented perfect CA. The RC group demonstrated the largest CRCD (P<.05).ConclusionsAs consequences of their use, the large instruments promoted undesirable AT and debris extrusion, irrespective of the system used to perform root canal preparation. Moreover, no system was able to remain perfectly centralized within the root canal.
Autologous platelet‐rich plasma versus conventional therapy for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers: A comparative study
Authors: Moneib Hoda A , Youssef Sahar S , Aly Dalia G , Rizk Mohamed A , Abdelhakeem Yomna I 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundChronic venous leg ulcers drastically reduce the quality of life of affected patients. There is heightened interest in autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as one of the promising therapies for leg ulcers.AimOur aim was to compare the clinical efficacy of PRP in the management of chronic venous leg ulcers vs conventional treatment.Patients/MethodsIn total, 40 patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were included in the study. Twenty patients were treated with autologous PRP weekly for 6 weeks (Group A), and 20 patients were treated with conventional treatment (compression and dressing) for 6 weeks (Group B). Treatment results were calculated by percentage of improvement in area of the ulcer.ResultsCompared to conventional therapy, a highly significant improvement in the ulcer size was observed post‐PRP therapy (P‐value = .0001). The mean change in the area of the ulcer post‐PRP and conventional therapy was 4.92 ± 11.94 cm and 0.13 ± 0.27 cm, respectively, while the mean percentage improvement in the area of the ulcer post‐PRP and conventional therapy was 67.6% ± 36.6% and 13.67% ± 28.06%, respectively. Subjective improvement in pain associated with the ulcer was noted by all patients.ConclusionsPlatelet‐rich plasma is a safe nonsurgical procedure for treating chronic venous leg ulcers. Additional studies with larger sample size and longer follow‐up periods are required to confirm or refute our findings.
How empathic concern helps leaders in providing negative feedback: A two‐study examination
Authors: Young Stephen F. , Richard Erin M. , Moukarzel Rana G. , Steelman Lisa A. , Gentry William A. 
Published: August 2017

The role of leader empathic concern is examined in the context of negative feedback delivery. We argue that leader displays of empathic concern decrease negative affect and increase positive affect following negative feedback, resulting in more positive evaluations of the leader's feedback‐giving effectiveness and improving the leader's promotability. In a video‐based online experiment (Study 1) using a US sample (n = 177), both conditions experienced a decline in negative affect over the course of the feedback episode; however, participants exposed to leader empathic concern experienced a significantly greater increase in positive affect and evaluated the leader's behaviour as more effective than those in the control condition. In a field‐study (Study 2) using archived multisource data on a sample of organizational leaders (n = 306), the positive relationship between leader negative feedback quality (subordinate‐rated) and (boss‐rated) promotability was strengthened by subordinate perceptions of leader empathic concern.Practitioner points

Leaders should show empathic concern when delivering feedback to subordinates.

Leaders should be trained in how to recognize subordinates’ emotional reactions and to communicate their understanding and concern for subordinates’ well‐being during the provision of performance feedback.

Organizations should reward leaders who demonstrate empathic concern for their subordinates when providing feedback.

Leaders should be educated about the career‐related benefits associated with demonstrating high‐quality negative feedback and empathic concern.
Profiling cancer risk in oral potentially malignant disorders—A patient cohort study
Authors: Thomson P. J. , Goodson M. L. , Smith D. R. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOral potentially malignant disorders harbour variable and unpredictable risk for squamous carcinoma development. Whilst current management strategies utilise histopathological diagnoses, dysplasia grading and targeted intervention for “high‐risk” lesions, clinicians are unable to predict malignant potential.MethodsDetailed, retrospective clinico‐pathological analysis of potentially malignant lesions undergoing malignant transformation, from a 590 patient cohort treated by interventional laser surgery and followed for a mean of 7.3 years, was undertaken. Clinical outcome was documented at study census date (31 December 2014).ResultsA total of 99 patients (16.8%) developed cancer: 71 (12%) seen “unexpectedly” upon excision and 28 (4.8%) progressing to malignancy at a median of 87.3 months post‐surgery. Thirty “unexpected” excisions were micro‐invasive (42.3%) arising primarily in severely dysplastic precursors (75%) at ventro‐lateral tongue and floor of mouth sites (54.5%); 1 patient (1.4%) had a cancer‐related death, whilst 58 (81.7%) were disease free. A total of 19 of 28 “progressive” cancers (67.9%) arose at new sites, with erythroleukoplakia a significant predictor of malignancy (P = .0019). Nine (32.1%) developed at the same precursor site, with 6 (77.7%) on the ventro‐lateral tongue and floor of mouth. Three (10.7%) were micro‐invasive, 9 patients (32.1%) died from metastatic disease and 12 (42.9%) were disease free (P < .001).ConclusionSquamous carcinoma may arise at the site of a precursor lesion as transformation or new‐site development via field cancerisation. Whilst interventional surgery facilitates early diagnosis and treatment of occult disease, thus reducing risk from same‐site transformation, new‐site cancer is a significant long‐term risk for patients with potentially malignant disorder.
Efficacy and safety results of patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection treated with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin (QUARTZ II‐III)
Authors: Shafran S. D. , Shaw D. , Charafeddine M. , Agarwal K. , Foster G. R. , Abunimeh M. , Pilot‐Matias T. , Pothacamury R. K. , Fu B. , Cohen E. , Cohen D. E. , Gane E. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe efficacy and safety of an investigational combination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OBV/PTV/r) plus sofosbuvir (SOF) ± ribavirin (RBV) in patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection with or without cirrhosis was evaluated. Patients with HCV genotype 3 infection without cirrhosis were randomized to receive OBV/PTV/r + SOF ± RBV for 12 weeks; OBV/PTV/r + SOF + RBV was administered to genotype 3‐infected patients with cirrhosis for 12 weeks and to genotype 2‐infected patients without cirrhosis for either 6 or 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by sustained virologic response [HCV RNA <25 IU/mL] 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12). Safety was assessed in all treated patients. In patients with genotype 3 infection with or without cirrhosis treated with 12 weeks of OBV/PTV/r + SOF ± RBV, the overall SVR12 rate was 98% (50/51), with no virologic failures. Patients with genotype 2 infection treated with OBV/PTV/r + SOF + RBV had SVR12 rates of 90% (9/10) and 44% (4/9) following 8‐ and 6‐week treatment durations, respectively; failure to achieve SVR12 for these patients was due to relapse without baseline or treatment‐emergent resistance‐associated substitutions. Thus, the investigational combination of OBV/PTV/r with SOF ± RBV was well tolerated and achieved high SVR rates with no virologic failures in patients with genotype 3 infection. Combining direct‐acting antivirals with complementary mechanisms of action and different viral targets may be an effective treatment strategy that may allow for shorter durations of therapy.
Clinicopathologic Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 24 Cats With Histopathologically Confirmed Neurologic Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Authors: Crawford A.H. , Stoll A.L. , Sanchez‐Masian D. , Shea A. , Michaels J. , Fraser A.R. , Beltran E. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is the most common infectious central nervous system (CNS) disease in the cat and is invariably fatal. Improved means of antemortem diagnosis is required to facilitate clinical decision making. Information regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of neurologic FIP currently is limited, resulting in the need for better descriptions to optimize its use as a diagnostic tool.ObjectiveTo describe the clinicopathologic features and MRI findings in cases of confirmed neurologic FIP.AnimalsTwenty‐four client‐owned cats with histopathologic confirmation of neurologic FIP.MethodsArchived records from 5 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases with confirmed neurologic FIP that had undergone antemortem MRI of the CNS. Signalment, clinicopathologic, MRI, and histopathologic findings were evaluated.ResultsThree distinct clinical syndromes were identified: T3‐L3 myelopathy (3), central vestibular syndrome (7), and multifocal CNS disease (14). Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were detected in all cases, including meningeal contrast enhancement (22), ependymal contrast enhancement (20), ventriculomegaly (20), syringomyelia (17), and foramen magnum herniation (14). Cerebrospinal fluid was analysed in 11 cases; all demonstrated a marked increase in total protein concentration and total nucleated cell count. All 24 cats were euthanized with a median survival time of 14 days (range, 2–115) from onset of clinical signs. Histopathologic analysis identified perivascular pyogranulomatous infiltrates, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, or both affecting the leptomeninges (16), choroid plexuses (16), and periventricular parenchyma (13).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMagnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive means of detecting neurologic FIP, particularly in combination with a compatible signalment, clinical presentation, and CSF analysis.
Pharmacokinetics of tigecycline in turkeys following different routes of administration
Authors: Jasiecka‐Mikołajczyk A. , Ziółkowski H. , Jaroszewski J. J. 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this research had been to determine the pharmacokinetics of tigecycline (TIG) in turkey after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), and oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. TIG concentrations in plasma were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of TIG in turkey plasma in the i.v. group were significantly higher than concentrations of this drug obtained after using the other administration routes. No significant differences were demonstrated in respect to the concentrations achieved after i.m. and s.c. administration. The bioavailability of TIG after i.m., s.c., and p.o. administration was 32.59 ± 5.99%, 34.91 ± 9.62%, and 0.97 ± 0.57%, respectively. Values of half‐life in the elimination phase were 23.49 ± 6.51 hr, 25.42 ± 4.42 hr, and 26.62 ± 5.19 hr in i.v., i.m., and s.c. groups, respectively, values of mean residence time were 7.92 ± 1.41 hr, 19.62 ± 2.82 hr, and 17.55 ± 2.59 hr in i.v., i.m., and s.c. groups, respectively, whereas the volume of distribution was 14.85 ± 5.71 L/kg, 14.68 ± 2.56 L/kg, and 15.37 ± 3.00 L/kg in i.v., i.m., and s.c. groups, respectively. Because TIG is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in turkeys to a clinically significant degree, this drug given p.o. could find application in commercial turkey farms only to treat gastrointestinal tract infections.
Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections
Authors: Uney K. , Altan F. , Cetin G. , Aboubakr M. , Dik B. , Sayın Z. , Er A. , Elmas M. 
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome (CFQ) following single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injections of 2 mg/kg body weight in red‐eared slider turtles. Plasma concentrations of CFQ were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and analyzed using noncompartmental methods. The pharmacokinetic parameters following IV injection were as follows: elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) 21.73 ± 4.95 hr, volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vdss) 0.37 ± 0.11 L/kg, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) 163 ± 32 μg hr−1 ml−1, and total body clearance (ClT) 12.66 ± 2.51 ml hr−1 kg−1. The pharmacokinetic parameters after IM injection were as follows: peak plasma concentration (Cmax) 3.94 ± 0.84 μg/ml, time to peak concentration (Tmax) 3 hr, t1/2λz 26.90 ± 4.33 hr, and AUC0–∞ 145 ± 48 μg hr−1 ml−1. The bioavailability after IM injection was 88%. Data suggest that CFQ has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a long half‐life and a high bioavailability in red‐eared slider turtles. Further studies are needed to establish a multiple dosage regimen and evaluate clinical efficacy.
Fine‐scale root community structure and below‐ground responses to grazing show independence from above‐ground patterns
Authors: Oñatibia Gastón R. , Reyes María Fernanda , Aguiar Martín R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuestionRoot biomass distribution and below‐ground processes are the main drivers of plant community structure and dynamics in arid rangelands. However, despite their relevance, below‐ground plant responses to disturbance regimes remain poorly understood. This knowledge is a pressing issue since most of our ideas derive from extrapolating above‐ground ecological theory and data. Here, we asked how domestic grazing management changes (intensification and abandonment) impact on both below‐ground species co‐occurrence at microsite level (point‐richness) in relation to above‐ground patterns and below‐ground biomass distribution of dominant graminoid species across different soil layers.LocationPatagonian steppe, Argentina.MethodsWe sampled and compared ungrazed, moderately grazed and intensively grazed steppes. We evaluated below‐ and above‐ground point‐richness (microsite level: 6‐cm diameter), as well as total and specific root biomass in the top 20 cm of soil along 50‐m transects in commercial paddocks.ResultsWe found independence between fine‐scale below‐ and above‐ground responses. Below‐ground point‐richness was at least three times higher than above‐ground point‐richness. Besides, below‐ground point‐richness decreased from 4.2 species in ungrazed sites to 3.4 species in intensively grazed ones. Neither grazing intensification nor abandonment changed total root biomass, although intensification changed the root biomass composition, reducing preferred and increasing non‐preferred grass species. Strikingly, below‐ground point‐richness and total root biomass did not differ between microsites covered and not covered by vegetation. This pattern was not affected by grazing.ConclusionsOur findings showed a higher degree of fine‐scale below‐ground species co‐occurrence than above‐ground in this Patagonian steppe. The intensification of grazing slightly decreased below‐ground species co‐occurrence and changed root composition (species abundance), although grazing management did not modify the high degree of independence between below‐ and above‐ground structure. Even though intensive grazing markedly decreases above‐ground biomass, total below‐ground biomass does not vary along a wide range of grazing conditions. In general, most of our knowledge about vegetation responses to grazing is based on above‐ground information, assuming that below‐ground patterns and processes are analogous to those above‐ground. This study suggests that below‐ and above‐ground community structure at fine‐scale are not strongly correlated and they can be differentially affected by grazing.
Tourism impacts on benthic communities of sandy beaches
Authors: Machado Phillipe Mota , Suciu Marjorie Cremonez , Costa Leonardo Lopes , Tavares Davi Castro , Zalmon Ilana Rosental 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of human trampling on the benthic macrofauna of two beaches in Southeast Brazil with different levels of intensity of tourism, Grussaí (more impacted) and Manguinhos (less impacted), during periods of high and low tourism activity. The macrofauna of urbanized (U) and non‐urbanized (NU) sectors of the inter‐tidal zone was sampled and the number of visitors was recorded. General linear models revealed a decreasing in abundance of macrofauna species in the urbanized sectors of analyzed beaches, which are exposed to higher trampling impact than in non‐urbanized areas. At Manguinhos Beach, trampling did not affect the macrofauna (<1 visitors ∙ m−²), except for the polychaete Scolelepis sp., which was less abundant in the U sector. Considering the benthic community, Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis, Hemipodia californiensis and Scolelepis sp. were more sensitive to human trampling pressure and may be used as potential bioindicators of tourism impact. Management plans should consider mitigation of the effects of tourism, such as the control of the visitor number and their decentralization.
Glaucoma progression detection with frequency doubling technology (FDT) compared to standard automated perimetry (SAP) in the Groningen Longitudinal Glaucoma Study
Authors: Wesselink Christiaan , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the usefulness of frequency doubling perimetry (FDT) for progression detection in glaucoma, compared to standard automated perimetry (SAP).MethodsData were used from 150 eyes of 150 glaucoma patients from the Groningen Longitudinal Glaucoma Study. After baseline, SAP was performed approximately yearly; FDT every other year. First and last visit had to contain both tests. Using linear regression, progression velocities were calculated for SAP (Humphrey Field Analyzer) mean deviation (MD) and FDT MD and the number of test locations with a total deviation probability below p < 0.01 (TD). Progression velocity tertiles were determined and eyes were classified as slowly, intermediately, or fast progressing for both techniques. Comparison between SAP and FDT classifications were made using a Mantel Haenszel chi‐square test. Longitudinal signal‐to‐noise ratios (LSNRs) were calculated, per patient and per technique, defined as progression velocity divided by the standard deviation of the residuals.ResultsMean (SD) follow‐up was 6.4 (1.7) years; median (interquartile range [IQR]) baseline SAP MD −6.6 (−14.2 to −3.6) dB. On average 8.2 and 4.5 tests were performed for SAP and FDT, respectively. Median (IQR) MD slope was −0.16 (−0.46 to +0.02) dB/year for SAP and −0.05 (−0.39 to +0.17) dB/year for FDT. Mantel Haenszel chi‐squares of SAP MD vs FDT MD and TD were 12.5 (p < 0.001) and 15.8 (p < 0.001), respectively. LSNRs for SAP MD (median −0.17 yr−1) were better than those for FDT MD (−0.04 yr−1; p = 0.010).ConclusionsFDT may be a useful technique for monitoring glaucoma progression in patients who cannot perform SAP reliably.