bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Alkynyl‐Stabilized Pt5Ag22 Cluster Featuring a Two‐Dimensional Alkynyl–Platinum “Crucifix Motif”
Authors: Shen Hui , Mizuta Tsutomu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe “staple motif” has been widely applied to depict and predict the structures of thiolate or alkynyl‐protected gold nanoclusters. By contrast, the composition, dimensions, configuration, and functionality of the platinum‐ligand motif has remained completely unknown. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of a novel luminescent Pt5Ag22(C≡CPh)32 (1) cluster, in which two‐dimensional and two‐functional alkynyl–platinum “crucifix motif” was observed. Such a crucifix motif with one Pt center and four alkynyl groups in the same plane acts as a two‐dimensional unit in the cluster and functions as both a protective cover and an intermediate joint.
Performance of Laboratory‐Scale Stirred‐Pulsed Extraction Columns with Different Diameters
Authors: Soboll Sebastian , Hagemann Isabell , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBased on a stirred‐pulsed column with 15 mm inner diameter, which was shown to provide a high number of theoretical stages per meter in a previous study, a 32‐mm column of the same type was designed and characterized using the test system water/acetone/n‐butyl acetate. The 32‐mm column shows a lower extraction performance than the 15‐mm column, however, the performance is still nearly twice as high as in conventional extraction columns. Furthermore, the maximum throughput is significantly higher in the 32‐mm column compared to the DN15 column and in the same range as for conventional stirred columns.
Activation and Forming for Improved Properties of Adsorbent Materials from Agricultural By‐Products
Authors: Schaldach Katja , Herdegen Volker , Schröder Hans‐Werner , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUm die in großen Mengen anfallenden Agrarreststoffe (z. B. Reis‐/Weizenstroh) stofflich nutzen zu können, wird im Folgenden ein neues Konzept zur Formaktivkohlenerzeugung auf Basis eines Feuchtpelletierverfahrens vorgestellt. Im Rahmen des Konzeptes kann über eine zusätzliche Aktivierung der Biomassen bzw. Aktivkohlen positiv Einfluss auf die spezifischen Eigenschaften genommen werden. Dies spiegelt sich in den vorgestellten Ergebnissen zur Formkohlenerzeugung und zur Aktivierung der nicht‐pelletierten Biomassen/‐kohlen als Grundlage für die spätere Kombination beider Prozessschritte wider.
IR Microimaging of Direction‐Dependent Uptake in MFI‐Type Crystals
Authors: Hwang Seungtaik , Parditka Bence , Cserháti Csaba , Erdélyi Zoltán , Gläser Roger , Haase Jürgen , Kärger Jörg , Schmidt Wolfgang , Chmelik Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCovering MFI‐type zeolite crystals with Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition is shown to make the external zeolite crystal impermeable for guest molecules. By corresponding manipulations of the crystal certain faces can be opened for guest molecules. In this way, IR microimaging can be applied to record the evolution of transient intracrystalline concentration profiles along the crystals longitudinal extension. The introduced method of covering may provide the possibility of observing fluxes of reactant and product molecules within single zeolite crystals during catalytic reactions.
Model‐free control of a seeded batch crystallizer
Authors: Afsi Nawel , Bakir Toufik , Othman Sami , Sakly Anis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs the use of a batch crystallization process in several industrial applications is extensive, finding an effective control strategy is important to improve the product quality, which is typically characterized by a unimodal and narrow crystal size distribution (CSD) with a large mean crystal size. To achieve this requirement, an accurate mathematical model is needed to predict the process comportment and to design an efficient and robust controller. However, due to the highly nonlinear comportment, the difficulties of characterizing several phenomenological effects, the kinetic parameters, uncertainty, and the unknown disturbances, the used model may not describe the real process behaviour, resulting in a poor control strategy. In this work, a model‐free control and its corresponding intelligent PI (iPI), the recently introduced approach, has been proposed to ensure that the desired unimodal CSD with a desired mean size could be reached facing these problems with an easy control structure, choosing the seeded batch crystallizer of adipic acid as a case study. The proposed iPI is compared with the classic PI controller. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and disturbance rejection capability of the iPI controller against the classic PI.
IDK1 is a rat monoclonal antibody against hypoglycosylated bone sialoprotein with application as biomarker and therapeutic agent in breast cancer skeletal metastasis
Authors: Zepp Michael , Kovacheva Marineta , Altankhuyag Munkhtsetseg , Westphal Gabriela , Berger Irina , Gather Katharina S , Hilbig Heidegard , Neuhaus Jochen , Hänsch Gertrud M , Armbruster Franz P , Berger Martin R 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChanges in glycosylation are salient features of cancer cells. Here, we report on the diagnostic and therapeutic properties of IDK1, an antibody against tumour associated, hypoglycosylated bone sialoprotein (hypo‐BSP). The affinity of the rat monoclonal antibody IDK1 for hypo‐BSP, as determined by microscale thermophoresis, was three orders of magnitude higher than for mature BSP, whereas the mouse monoclonal antibody used had similar affinity for both BSP forms. IDK1 showed no activity against the proliferation or migration of normal or cancer cells growing in vitro. In vivo, however, IDK1 caused dose‐dependent regression of soft tissue and skeletal lesions in nude rats harbouring human MDA‐MB‐231 cells. At optimal dose, 80% of the treated rats showed complete remission of all tumour lesions. Analysis of BSP expression in vitro by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunocytochemistry showed basal levels of this protein, which were visible only in a fraction of these cells. Cells of the metastatic cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and PC‐3 were more often positive for hypo‐BSP. In addition, there was co‐expression of both forms in some cells, but almost no co‐localization; rather, hypo‐BSP was present in the nucleus, and mature BSP was detected extra‐cellularly. Normal osteoblasts and osteoclasts were negative for hypo‐BSP. Breast cancer tissue, however, showed strong expression of mature BSP, which was present intra‐cellularly as well as in vesicles outside cells. Hypo‐BSP was present mainly in lesions from skeletal sites, thus explaining the antineoplastic activity of IDK1, which was high in lesions growing in the vicinity of the skeleton but low in lesions growing subcutaneously. Finally, hypo‐BSP was detected in specimens from breast cancer patients, with a significantly greater intensity in skeletal metastases as compared to the respective primary cancers. In conclusion, IDK‐1 is an antibody with diagnostic and therapeutic applications in skeletal metastases of breast cancer.
Role of Bismuth in the Electrokinetics of Silicon Photocathodes for Solar Rechargeable Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Flox Cristina , Murcia‐López Sebastián , Carretero Nina M. , Ros Carles , Morante Juan R. , Andreu Teresa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ability of crystalline silicon to photoassist the V3+/V2+ cathodic reaction under simulated solar irradiation, combined with the effect of bismuth have led to important electrochemical improvements. Besides the photovoltage supplied by the photovoltaics, additional decrease in the onset potentials, high reversibility of the V3+/V2+ redox pair, and improvement in the electrokinetics were attained thanks to the addition of bismuth. In fact, Bi0 deposition has shown to slightly decrease the photocurrent, but the significant enhancement in the charge transfer, reflected in the overall electrochemical performance clearly justifies its use as additive in a photoassisted system for maximizing the efficiency of solar charge to battery.
Impaired secretion of active GLP‐1 in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia: A novel lipotoxicity paradigm?
Authors: Wang Xiangxiang , Liu Jia , Li Chaolin , Zhao Meng , Liu Lu , Guan Qingbo , Zhang Haiqing , Zhang Xu , Gao Ling , Zhao Jiajun , Song Yongfeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundLipotoxicity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of β‐cell dysfunction. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin hormone that exerts beneficial effects on the number and function of islet β cells. However, the effect of lipotoxicity on GLP‐1 secretion is still unknown.MethodsTwenty‐five patients who were newly diagnosed with diabetes were recruited from 400 subjects based on 75‐g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Patients were divided into diabetes (DM) and DM combined with hypertriglyceridaemia (DM + HTG) groups according to their serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Seventy‐one normal controls and 17 patients with isolated hypertriglyceridaemia were matched by age and gender.ResultsTotal and active fasting GLP‐1 and 2‐hour GLP‐1 levels were not significantly altered among the 4 groups. However, total and active ΔGLP‐1 levels (the difference between 2‐hour GLP‐1 and fasting GLP‐1 levels) were significantly reduced in the isolated HTG, DM, and DM + HTG groups, particularly the DM + HTG group. The ratio of serum active GLP‐1 (AGLP‐1) to total GLP‐1 (TGLP‐1) levels was also decreased in patients with isolated HTG, suggesting that active GLP‐1 secretion may be more seriously impaired. Both ΔTGLP‐1 and ΔAGLP‐1 levels were negatively correlated with serum TG levels, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and positively correlated with HDL‐C levels. According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, only TG and FPG levels were independently associated with ΔTGLP‐1 and ΔAGLP‐1 levels.ConclusionImpaired GLP‐1 secretion was associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes, and a more obvious association was noted in hypertriglyceridaemic patients with diabetes.
Effects of alcohol on plasma glucose and prevention of alcohol‐induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes—A systematic review with GRADE
Authors: Tetzschner R. , Nørgaard K. , Ranjan A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBecause ethanol is thought to be a risk factor for severe hypoglycemia, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are recommended to limit ethanol intake. However, little is known on how ethanol affects plasma glucose and how ethanol‐induced hypoglycemia can be prevented. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature for ethanol effects on plasma glucose and for prevention strategies on ethanol‐induced hypoglycemia. Electronic searches on PubMed and Google were conducted in February 2017. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included. Studies involved patients with T1D with no history of ethanol abuse. The primary aims were changes in plasma glucose after ethanol intake and prevention strategies for ethanol‐induced hypoglycemia. Quality of the studies was assessed by GRADE. Additionally, we searched for guidelines from diabetes associations on their suggested prevention strategies. We included 13 studies. Eight studies reported that ethanol, regardless of administration intravenously or orally, were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia due to decrease in plasma glucose, impaired counter‐regulatory response, awareness of hypoglycemia, and cognitive function. Five studies did not report an increased risk of hypoglycemia. None of the studies investigated prevention strategies for ethanol‐induced hypoglycemia. Recommendations from 13 diabetes associations were included. All associations recommend that ethanol should only be consumed with food intake. The majority of included studies showed that ethanol intake increased the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with T1D. However, the evidence for how to prevent ethanol‐induced hypoglycemia is sparse, and further investigations are needed to establish evidence‐based recommendations.
Identifying suitable reference genes for developing and injured mouse CNS tissues
Authors: Xu Dongchao , Liu Ajuan , Wang Xuan , Zhang Ming , Zhang Zunyi , Tan Zhou , Qiu Mengsheng 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAccurate quantification of gene expression is fundamental for understanding the molecular, genetic and functional bases of tissue development and diseases. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) is now the most widely used method of quantifying gene expression due to its simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, and wide quantification range. The use of appropriate reference genes to ensure accurate normalization is crucial for the correct quantification of gene expression from the early development, maturation, aging to injury processes in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we have determined the expression profiles of 12 candidate housekeeping genes (ACTB, CYC1, HMBS, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPL13A, YWHAZ, PPIA, RPLP0, TFRC, GUS, and 18S rRNA) in developing mouse brain and spinal cord. Throughout development, there was a significant degree of fluctuations in their expression levels, indicating the importance and complexity of finding appropriate reference genes. Three software including BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder were used to evaluate the stability of potential reference genes. GUS was the most stable gene and GUS/YWHAZ were the most stable reference gene pair across different developmental stages in different CNS regions, whereas HPRT1 and GAPDH were the most variable genes and thus inappropriate to use as reference genes. Therefore, our results identified GUS and YWHAZ as the best combination of two reference genes for expression data normalization in CNS developmental studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 39–50, 2018
New Method for Carbohydrates Determination in Sugarcane Bagasse by HPAEC‐RPAD Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Cardoso de Sá Acelino , Cristina Sedenho Graziela , Paim Leonardo Lataro , Ramos Stradiotto Nelson 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSecond generation ethanol can be produced from carbohydrates released from both sugarcane bagasse cell wall and sugarcane straw. The development of new method for the analysis of carbohydrates is, in this sense, seen as extremely relevant in the area of bioenergy. Based on the above considerations, the scope of this work encompasses the identification and quantification of carbohydrates composition in sugarcane bagasse without the need of sample derivatization, developing a novel analytical method using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes containing nickel oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (GCE/MWCNT/NiOOH) and applying the modified electrode as a detector in HPAEC (High Performance Anion‐Exchange Chromatography) with reverse pulsed amperometric detection (RPAD) towards the determination of arabinose, galactose, glucose and xylose in hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse. The carbohydrates concentrations determined in the hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse were 6.1×10−4 mol L−1, 1.0×10−2 mol L−1 and 2.8×10−3 mol L−1 for arabinose, glucose, and xylose respectively. Our results showed that the present method is, in essence, attractive for analysis in the course of the production process of second generation ethanol production in that it does not require sample derivatization, has rapid run time, satisfactory separation, and can be used for the detection of carbohydrates without the interference of other electroactive species.
Determination of Diazepam and Clonazepam in Natural Water – a Voltammetric Study
Authors: Nogueira Nunes Chalder , Egéa dos Anjos Vanessa , Pércio Quináia Sueli 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe differential pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (DP‐AdsCSV) employing the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was used towards the determination of two psychotropic drugs in environmental samples. Voltammetric and experimental conditions to Clonazepam (CLO) and diazepam (DIAZ) were optimized and the methods were in‐house validated. Accumulation potentials were −0.3 V to CLO and −0.6 V to DIAZ at 120 s of accumulation time. Pulse amplitude, pulse time and scan rate were 80 mV, 20 ms and 25 mV s−1 to CLO and 100 mV, 20 ms and 40 mV s−1 to DIAZ, respectively. Recovery tests were done in three different concentrations to evaluate methods’ accuracy and the results were from 88±6 to 120±13 %. In precision tests, standard deviations were lower than 15 % for both methods. Goods limits of quantification 0.65 and 0.27 μg L−1 to CLO and DIAZ respectively were achieved without pre‐concentration steps such as SPE, etc. Voltammetry employing HMDE was first used for the determination of CLO and DIAZ in natural water. Natural samples were spiked and recovery tests confirmed the applicability of the methods developed. Nine samples from Parana state, Brazil, were analyzed and CLO and DIAZ values were below the limits of detection in all samples.
Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Mercury in Fish Oil Capsules Using a Screen‐printed Gold Electrode
Authors: Squissato André L. , Rocha Diego P. , Almeida Eduardo S. , Richter Eduardo M. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis work presents a simple electrochemical method for Hg determination in fish oil capsules using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) on a screen‐printed gold electrode (SPGE). Samples were treated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min in the presence of a 1 : 1 (v/v) concentrated HCl/H2O2 mixture at room temperature. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated as 0.25 μg L−1 (corresponding to 7.6 μg kg−1 of oil) with a linear range between 5 and 400 μg L−1 (90 s of deposition time). The analyzed fish oil samples presented Hg concentration below the LOD value. Recovery values for samples spiked with oil standard containing Hg ranged from 95 to 105 %. The method is precise (inter‐day and intra‐day RSD<4 % for n=3) as well as the SPGE sensors (RSD=4.3 %, n=3), which were used continuously (around 100 analyses without replacement) under such oxidation media. The proposed method is feasible to be applied for on‐site determinations due to the portability of sensing and sample treatment approaches.
Cucurbit[n]urils‐related Multitopic Supramolecular Components: Design, Properties, and Perspectives
Authors: Vícha Robert , Jelínková Kristýna , Rouchal Michal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCucurbit[n]urils (CBns) are an intriguing family of macrocyclic hosts whose chemistry has undergone rapid developments in recent decades. The initial interest in the synthesis, modifications and binding properties has shifted to areas focused on applications in drug storage, delivery, and release, external‐stimuli responsive devices, and molecular nano‐reactors. Since CBns are fruitfully complemented by cyclodextrins (CDs) in such systems, guest molecules that contain several binding sites are needed. These multitopic guests provide not only a scaffold for holding CBns and CDs together in appropriate arrangements but also allow for manipulation with supramolecular aggregates, e. g., reorganization or release of macrocycles. In this review, we summarize recent studies related to the design of multitopic guests. Binding motifs properties, the role of attractive or repulsive lateral interactions, the competition‐compensation effect, and rotaxane versus pseudorotaxane manner are discussed.
A safety and immunogenicity study of a novel subunit plague vaccine in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Liu Li , Wei Dong , Qu Zhe , Sun Li , Miao Yufa , Yang Yanwei , Lu Jinbiao , Du Weixin , Wang Bingxiang , Li Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlague has led to millions of deaths in history and outbreaks continue to the present day. The efficacy limitations and safety concerns of the existing killed whole cell and live‐attenuated vaccines call for the development of new vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a novel subunit plague vaccine, comprising native F1 antigen and recombinant V antigen. The cynomolgus macaques in low‐ and high‐dose vaccine groups were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6, at dose levels of 15 μg F1 + 15 μg rV and 30 μg F1 + 30 μg rV respectively. Specific antibodies and interferon‐γ and interleukin‐2 expression in lymphocytes were measured. For safety, except for the general toxicity and local irritation, we made a systematic immunotoxicity study on the vaccine including immunostimulation, autoimmunity and anaphylactic reaction. The vaccine induced high levels of serum anti‐F1 and anti‐rV antibodies, and caused small increases of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐2 in monkeys. The vaccination led to a reversible increase in the number of peripheral blood eosinophils, the increases in serum IgE level in a few animals and histopathological change of granulomas at injection sites. The vaccine had no impact on general conditions, most clinical pathology parameters, percentages of T‐cell subsets, organ weights and gross pathology of treated monkeys and had passable local tolerance. The F1 + rV subunit plague vaccine can induce very strong humoral immunity and low level of cellular immunity in cynomolgus macaques and has a good safety profile.
Population PK Analyses of Ubrogepant (MK‐1602), a CGRP Receptor Antagonist: Enriching In‐Clinic Plasma PK Sampling With Outpatient Dried Blood Spot Sampling
Authors: Li Chi‐Chung , Dockendorf Marissa , Kowalski Ken , Yang Bei , Xu Yang , Xie Iris , Kleijn Huub Jan , Bosch Rolien , Jones Christopher , Thornton Bob , Marcantonio Eugene E. , Voss Tiffini , Bateman Kevin P. , Kothare Prajakti A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMerck & Co., Inc. (Kenilworth, New Jersey) has recently published an integrated strategy for implementation of dried blood spots (DBS) in late‐stage trials for population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. We applied this strategy for another late‐stage clinical program: ubrogepant (MK‐1602), a novel oral calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist for acute treatment of migraine. At the time of implementation, ubrogepant was entering phase 2 development. DBS was implemented to acquire PK information proximal to an acute migraine event to enable exposure–response modeling. The clinical endpoint was a spontaneous event, which generally occurs outside a clinic visit. Thus, an innovative feature of this trial was facilitating DBS in an outpatient setting. In vitro and bioanalytical tests established initial method feasibility and suitability for further evaluations in the clinic. A quantitative relationship was developed between blood and plasma concentrations from concurrently collected samples in a phase 1 (healthy subjects) and phase 2 (target patient population) study using graphical and population PK approaches. This integrated information was presented to the Food and Drug Administration for regulatory input. Following regulatory concurrence, DBS was poised for use in further clinical studies. Population PK modeling was used to dissect sources of variability contributing to DBS collection in the outpatient setting. What has been learned from this program has informed the broader integrated strategy of Merck & Co., Inc. (Kenilworth, NJ) for DBS implementation in clinical trials and research to improve the precision of PK data collected in an outpatient setting.
Covering 2‐connected 3‐regular graphs with disjoint paths
Authors: Yu Gexin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA path cover of a graph is a set of disjoint paths so that every vertex in the graph is contained in one of the paths. The path cover numberof graphGis the cardinality of a path cover with the minimum number of paths. Reed in 1996 conjectured that a 2‐connected 3‐regular graph has path cover number at most. In this article, we confirm this conjecture.