bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lack of Nasolacrimal Ducts in Plethodontid Salamanders?
Authors: Siegel Dustin S. , Taylor Michael S. , Sever David M. , Trauth Stanley E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTNasolacrimal ducts are a terrestrial vertebrate adaptation and appear to have co‐evolved with orbital glands. Although plethodontid salamanders possess orbital glands, a recent study concluded that plethodontid salamanders lack nasolacrimal ducts. Functionally, the absence of nasolacrimal ducts closes the route for orbital gland secretion passage into the nasal and vomeronasal organ cavities. Orbital glands have been implicated in enhancement of vomeronasal function so loss could have important implications for communication. Multiple older studies depict or discuss nasolacrimal ducts in plethodontid salamanders. Interestingly, the only consensus between recent and older literature is that Desmognathus lacks nasolacrimal ducts. To determine if plethodontid salamanders truly lack nasolacrimal ducts, we sectioned plethodontid salamander heads for general histological examination of species from the majority of the plethodontid tribes. From our representative sample, we found only two species that completely lacked nasolacrimal ducts (Desmognathus fuscus and Eurycea tynerensis) and one species that possessed nasolacrimal ducts that ended blindly before reaching the nasal cavities (E. spelaea). Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction resulted in the presence of nasolacrimal ducts on the branch leading to Plethodontidae and both subfamilies within Plethodontidae, with two independent losses in Desmognathus and Eurycea. Anat Rec, 301:765–775, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Water Oxidation by Iridium‐Modified Carbonic Anhydrase
Authors: Kim Min‐Chul , Lee Sang‐Yup 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA) is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme with a Zn cofactor coordinated to trigonal histidine imidazole moieties in a tetrahedral geometry. Removal of the Zn cofactor in CA and subsequent binding of Ir afforded CA[Ir]. Under mild and neutral conditions (30 °C, pH 7), CA[Ir] exhibited water‐oxidizing activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 39.8 min−1, which is comparable to those of other Ir‐based molecular catalysts. Coordination of Ir to the apoprotein of CA is thermodynamically preferred and is associated with an exothermic energy change (ΔH) of −10.8 kcal mol−1, which implies that the CA apoprotein is stabilized by Ir binding. The catalytic oxygen‐evolving activity of CA[Ir] is displayed only if Ir is bound to CA, which functions as an effective biological scaffold that activates the Ir center for catalysis. The results of this study indicate that the histidine imidazoles at the CA active site could be exploited as beneficial biological ligands to provide unforeseen biochemical activity by coordination to a variety of transition‐metal ions.
Silver‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Oxindoles and Pyrroloindolines via α‐Aminoalkylation of N‐Arylacrylamides with Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Makino Sohei , Shibata Takanori 
Published: December 2017

Abstractα‐Aminoalkylation of N‐arylacrylamides with amino acid derivatives was achieved by silver‐catalysis in moderate to high yields. The reaction provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of functionalized oxindoles, and is suitable for a wide range of N‐arylacrylamides and amino acids, both of which are inexpensive and readily available. The oxindoles obtained were readily transformed into densely functionalized pyrroloindolines by deprotection and cyclization in one pot.
Is food refusal in autistic children related to TAS2R38 genotype?
Authors: Riccio Maria Pia , Franco Chiara , Negri Rossella , Ferrentino Roberta Ida , Maresca Roberta , D'alterio Elisa , Greco Luigi , Bravaccio Carmela 
Published: December 2017

Several studies suggest that atypical eating behaviors, in particular food selectivity, are more frequent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A link between bitter taste perception, namely PROP/PTC sensitivity and food preferences is known in healthy children. The aim of this study is to investigate whether genetic variants of the TAS2R38 taste receptor responsible for different bitter sensitivity could affect foods preferences and consequently food refusal in ASD children. We recruited 43 children with ASD and 41 with normotypic development (TD) with or without food selectivity, aged between 2 and 11 years. Children were characterized for bitter sensitivity by means of PROP strips and FACS analysis and genotyped for TAS2R38 polymorphisms. Food selectivity was assessed by a validated food preference questionnaire filled by parents. A statistically significant correlation between PROP sensitivity and food refusal was observed. Furthermore, a prevalence of the PAV‐sensitive haplotype compared to the AVI‐insensitive one was seen in ASD children with food selectivity. In agreement with the initial hypothesis the results show that food refusal in ASD children is mediated by bitter taste sensitivity thus suggesting that the bitter sensitivity test may be used as a device to orientate tailored food proposals for the practical management of food selectivity in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 531–538. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryA variation of the gene TAS2R38, associated with bitter taste sensitivity, can cause a different perception of some foods. In particular, some children are hypersensitive to bitterness and show a more restricted repertoire of accepted foods. We evaluate bitter sensitivity in ASD children with or without food selectivity, through a simple bitter taste test with edible strips. The results show that food refusal in ASD children can be mediated by bitter taste sensitivity thus suggesting that the bitter sensitivity test may be used as a device to orientate tailored food proposals for the practical management of food selectivity in ASD.
Instandsetzungsplanung der Rheinbrücke Emmerich
Authors: Kratzke Bastian , Uphoff Henning 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMit 803 m Länge ist die Rheinbrücke Emmerich nicht nur die längste Hängebrücke in Deutschland, sondern weist mit 500 m auch die größte Stützweite aller Brücken hierzulande auf. Doch nicht nur deswegen ist diese von Hellmut Homberg entworfene Brücke eine Ikone des deutschen Stahlbaus des 20. Jh., markiert sie doch gleichermaßen den nationalen technischen Höhepunkt dieser Brückenkategorie. Aufgrund zum Großteil alterungsbedingter Schäden sind heute umfangreiche Instandsetzungsarbeiten erforderlich, doch vorangestellt wurde eine umfassende Nachrechnung des Bestandsbauwerks, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Maßnahmen im Vorhinein bewerten zu können. Eine Besonderheit hierbei war, dass die Nachrechnung zusätzlich durch Untersuchungen und Probeinstandsetzungen am Bauwerk unterstützt wurde.
Autophagy: novel applications of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for primary cancer
Authors: Yu Chen , Li Wei‐bing , Liu Jun‐bao , Lu Jian‐wei , Feng Ji‐feng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, autophagy is a process associated with programmed cell death. During this process, cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are engulfed by double‐membrane autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. These autolysosomes then degrade their contents to recycle the cellular components. Autophagy has been implicated in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes that are closely related to tumorigenesis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, such as celecoxib, meloxicam, sulindac, aspirin, sildenafil, rofecoxib, and sodium salicylate, have diverse effects in cancer that are mediated by the autophagy pathway. These nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs can modulate tumor autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK1/2, P53/DRAM, AMPK/mTOR, Bip/GRP78, CHOP/ GADD153, and HGF/MET signaling pathways and inhibit lysosome function, leading to p53‐dependent G1 cell‐cycle arrest. In this review, we summarize the research progress in autophagy induced by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in cancer cells to provide a reference for the potential benefits of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in cancer chemotherapy.
AKT3 drives adenoid cystic carcinoma development in salivary glands
Authors: Zboray Katalin , Mohrherr Julian , Stiedl Patricia , Pranz Klemens , Wandruszka Laura , Grabner Beatrice , Eferl Robert , Moriggl Richard , Stoiber Dagmar , Sakamoto Kazuhito , Wagner Kay‐Uwe , Popper Helmut , Casanova Emilio , Moll Herwig P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSalivary gland cancer is an aggressive and painful cancer, but a rare tumor type accounting for only ~0.5% of cancer cases. Tumors of the salivary gland exhibit heterogeneous histologic and genetic features and they are subdivided into different subtypes, with adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) being one of the most abundant. Treatment of ACC patients is afflicted by high recurrence rates, the high potential of the tumors to metastasize, as well as the poor response of ACC to chemotherapy. A prerequisite for the development of targeted therapies is insightful genetic information for driver core cancer pathways. Here, we developed a transgenic mouse model toward establishment of a preclinical model. There is currently no available mouse model for adenoid cystic carcinomas as a rare disease entity to serve as a test system to block salivary gland tumors with targeted therapy. Based on tumor genomic data of ACC patients, a key role for the activation of the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway was suggested in tumors of secretory glands. Therefore, we investigated the role of Akt3 expression in tumorigenesis and report that Akt3 overexpression results in ACC of salivary glands with 100% penetrance, while abrogation of transgenic Akt3 expression could revert the phenotype. In summary, our findings validate a novel mouse model to study ACC and highlight the druggable potential of AKT3 in the treatment of salivary gland patients.
Synthesis of d‐mannitol‐based crown ethers and their application as catalyst in asymmetric phase transfer reactions
Authors: Nemcsok Tamás , Rapi Zsolt , Keglevich György , Grün Alajos , Bakó Péter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA few new d‐mannitol‐based monoaza‐15‐crown‐5 type chiral lariat ethers and 18‐crown‐6 type macrocycles were synthesized. These crown compounds were used as phase transfer catalysts in asymmetric Michael addititons and in a Darzens condensation under mild conditions to afford the corresponding products in a few cases in good to excellent enantioselectivities. In the Michael addition of diethyl acetoxymalonate to trans‐chalcone, in the addition of diethyl acetamidomalonate to ß‐nitrostyrene, in the reaction of diethyl bromomalonate with benzylidene malononitriles, in the cyclopropanation reaction of diethyl bromomalonate and 2‐benzylidene‐1,3‐indandione, and in the Darzens condensation of α‐chloroacetophenone with benzaldehyde, maximum enantioselectivities of 39%, 65%, 99%, 56%, and 62%, respectively, were obtained in the presence of the d‐mannitol‐based macrocycles as the catalysts.
Effect of Triticale Milling Coarseness on Biogas Production
Authors: Moeller Lucie , Zehnsdorf Andreas , Müller Roland Arno 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the digestibility of triticale grain kernels in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems as compared with coarse triticale. Although the biogas yield of grain kernels in fermentation batch tests was 11 % lower than the biogas yield of coarse triticale after 39 days fermentation time, the parallel semi‐continuous fermentations showed the adaptability of the system to the grain kernels AD. The results are important for the prevention of foaming when grain is used as a substrate in AD plants.
Modelling methane and ethane photolysis in waste gas: Optimization of reaction networks
Authors: Asili Vahid , De Visscher Alex 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA mechanistic model for the ultraviolet degradation of methane and ethane in waste gas was developed with the focus on reaction network development and optimization. The research serves a dual purpose of removing natural gas condensate emissions, and converting condensates to added‐value products. A comprehensive reaction network including all possible reactions was developed, and kinetic constants were taken from the literature or estimated based on analogues. Overall, 162 reactions were included for the most complete case. Next, the model was screened for reactions that did not affect the simulation results. As complexity increases, it was shown that the model devotes an increasing fraction of time calculating reactions that are negligible in the overall process. Based on the simulation results it is expected that the model can be extended to higher alkanes with a reasonable run‐time in addition to keeping precise simulation results. The model predicts that high ethane conversion is possible while maintaining low methane conversion, and it is expected that this effect will be even more pronounced in the presence of higher alkanes. Overall, the projected model can be used to establish the feasibility of converting natural gas condensates to value‐added products without degrading its main content, methane; provided that oxygen and water vapour are available for the oxidation.
Étude de l'amélioration des propriétés des anodes par le brai modifié
Authors: Bureau Julie , Kocaefe Duygu , Kocaefe Yasar , Bhattacharyay Dipankar 
Published: December 2017

RésuméDans l'industrie de l'aluminium, les anodes sont utilisées afin de fournir le carbone nécessaire à la réduction électrolytique de l'aluminium. Toutefois, la compatibilité des matériaux de base est compromise par la qualité décroissante du coke et du brai nuisant à l'obtention des propriétés finales des anodes. L'objectif de ce travail est de vérifier si l'amélioration de la mouillabilité du coke par un brai modifié chimiquement peut contribuer à améliorer certaines des propriétés d'anodes. La méthodologie prévoit la fabrication d'anodes au laboratoire de carbone de l'UQAC à partir de brais modifiés à l'aide d'un additif chimique et la comparaison avec des anodes standards. Deux additifs chimiques ont été testés. Les anodes sont ensuite carottées et les échantillons sont caractérisés à l'état cru et cuit selon les normes appropriées. Dans cette étude, les deux additifs sélectionnés ont permis de démontrer une amélioration significative de certaines des propriétés des anodes.
SecCloudSharing: Secure data sharing in public cloud using ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based proxy re‐encryption with revocation
Authors: Tiwari Deepnarayan , Gangadharan G. R. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAn efficient cryptography mechanism should enforce an access control policy over the encrypted data to provide flexible, fine‐grained, and secure data access control for secure sharing of data in cloud storage. To make a secure cloud data sharing solution, we propose a ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based proxy re‐encryption scheme. In the proposed scheme, we design an efficient fine‐grained revocation mechanism, which enables not only efficient attribute‐level revocation but also efficient policy‐level revocation to achieve backward secrecy and forward secrecy. Moreover, we use a multiauthority key attribute center in the key generation phase to overcome the single‐point performance bottleneck problem and the key escrow problem. By formal security analysis, we illustrate that our proposed scheme achieves confidentiality, secure key distribution, multiple collusions resistance, and policy‐ or attribute‐revocation security. By comprehensive performance and implementation analysis, we illustrate that our proposed scheme improves the practical efficiency of storage, computation cost, and communication cost compared to the other related schemes.
Underestimation of N2O emissions in a comparison of the DayCent, DNDC, and EPIC models
Authors: Gaillard Richard K. , Jones Curtis D. , Ingraham Pete , Collier Sarah , Izaurralde Roberto Cesar , Jokela William , Osterholz William , Salas William , Vadas Peter , Ruark Matthew D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProcess‐based models are increasingly used to study agroecosystem interactions and N2O emissions from agricultural fields. The widespread use of these models to conduct research and inform policy benefits from periodic model comparisons that assess the state of agroecosystem modeling and indicate areas for model improvement. This work provides an evaluation of simulated N2O flux from three process‐based models: DayCent, DNDC, and EPIC. The models were calibrated and validated using data collected from two research sites over five years that represent cropping systems and nitrogen fertilizer management strategies common to dairy cropping systems. We also evaluated the use of a multi‐model ensemble strategy, which inconsistently outperformed individual model estimations. Regression analysis indicated a cross‐model bias to underestimate high magnitude daily and cumulative N2O flux. Model estimations of observed soil temperature and water content did not sufficiently explain model underestimations, and we found significant variation in model estimates of heterotrophic respiration, denitrification, soil NH4+, and soil NO3−, which may indicate that additional types of observed data are required to evaluate model performance and possible biases. Our results suggest a bias in the model estimation of N2O flux from agroecosystems that limits the extension of models beyond calibration and as instruments of policy development. This highlights a growing need for the modeling and measurement communities to collaborate in the collection and analysis of the data necessary to improve models and coordinate future development.
Multiple signaling functions of song in a polymorphic species with alternative reproductive strategies
Authors: Grunst Melissa L. , Grunst Andrea S. , Formica Vince A. , Gonser Rusty A. , Tuttle Elaina M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVocal traits can be sexually selected to reflect male quality, but may also evolve to serve additional signaling functions. We used a long‐term dataset to examine the signaling potential of song in dimorphic white‐throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis). We investigated whether song conveys multifaceted information about the vocalizing individual, including fitness, species identity, individual identity, and morph. We also evaluated whether song traits correlate differently with fitness in the two morphs, as the more promiscuous strategy of white, relative to tan, morph males might impose stronger sexual selection. Males with high song rates achieved higher lifetime reproductive success, and this pattern was driven by white morph males. In addition, males that sang songs with many notes survived longer, but this pattern was less robust. Thus, song traits reflect differences in fitness and may more strongly affect fitness in the white morph. Song frequency was unrelated to fitness, body size, or morph, but was individual specific and could signal individual identity. Songs of the two morphs displayed similar frequency ratios and bandwidths. However, tan morph males sang songs with longer first notes, fewer notes, and higher variability. Thus, song could be used in morph discrimination. Variation in frequency ratios between notes was low and could function in conspecific recognition, but pitch change dynamics did differ between four different song types observed. Our results support a multiple messages model for white‐throated sparrow song, in which different song traits communicate discrete information about the vocalizing individual.
Comparative impacts of aboveground and belowground enemies on an invasive thistle
Authors: Nunes Krystal A. , Kotanen Peter M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMost research examining how herbivores and pathogens affect performance of invasive plants focuses on aboveground interactions. Although important, the role of belowground communities remains poorly understood, and the relative impact of aboveground and belowground interactions is still debated. As well, most studies of belowground interactions have been carried out in controlled environments, so little is known about the role of these interactions under natural conditions or how these relationships may change across a plant's range. Using the invasive plant Cirsium arvense, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment to test the relative impacts of above‐ and belowground interactions at three sites across a 509‐km latitudinal gradient in its invaded range in Ontario, Canada. At each site, C. arvense seedlings were protected with above‐ and/or belowground exclosures in a factorial design. Plant performance (biomass, height, stem thickness, number of leaves, length of longest leaf, maximum rhizome length) was greatest when both above‐ and belowground exclosures were applied and lowest when no exclosures were applied. When only one type of exclosure was applied, biomass generally improved more with belowground exclosures than with aboveground exclosures. Despite site‐to‐site differences in foliar damage, root damage, and mesofaunal populations, belowground interactions generally had a greater negative impact on performance than aboveground herbivory alone. These results stress the importance of including both aboveground enemy interactions and plant–soil interactions in studies of plant community dynamics and invader performance.
Social structure modulates the evolutionary consequences of social plasticity: A social network perspective on interacting phenotypes
Authors: Montiglio Pierre‐Olivier , McGlothlin Joel W. , Farine Damien R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrganisms express phenotypic plasticity during social interactions. Interacting phenotype theory has explored the consequences of social plasticity for evolution, but it is unclear how this theory applies to complex social structures. We adapt interacting phenotype models to general social structures to explore how the number of social connections between individuals and preference for phenotypically similar social partners affect phenotypic variation and evolution. We derive an analytical model that ignores phenotypic feedback and use simulations to test the predictions of this model. We find that adapting previous models to more general social structures does not alter their general conclusions but generates insights into the effect of social plasticity and social structure on the maintenance of phenotypic variation and evolution. Contribution of indirect genetic effects to phenotypic variance is highest when interactions occur at intermediate densities and decrease at higher densities, when individuals approach interacting with all group members, homogenizing the social environment across individuals. However, evolutionary response to selection tends to increase at greater network densities as the effects of an individual's genes are amplified through increasing effects on other group members. Preferential associations among similar individuals (homophily) increase both phenotypic variance within groups and evolutionary response to selection. Our results represent a first step in relating social network structure to the expression of social plasticity and evolutionary responses to selection.