bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder
Authors: Cazan F. , Paunescu R. , Tamas A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disorder is a disabling condition characterized by the presence of manic, depressive, hypomanic or mixed episodes, affective symptoms that may coexist with several types of psychotic features.ObjectivesThe purpose is to evaluate the frequency of psychotic symptoms among bipolar disorder.MethodThe study included 55 bipolar patients admitted in the Psychiatry Clinical Hospital from January 2012 until May 2013. Inclusion criteria were represented by diagnosis of bipolar disorder, manic or depressive episode, according to DSM-IV-TR and ICD 10 criteria. Clinical instruments used to assess the severity of the current affective episode were Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for manic patients and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items – (HDRS) for the depressive ones. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-18 items – (BPRS).ResultsOut of the 55 patients, 32 had psychotic symptoms upon admission to the hospital. BPRS results showed delusions of guilt, inutility, hypochondriac and nihilistic delusions for the depressed patients. Delusions of grandiosity and megalomania accounted for most of psychotic symptoms in manic patients. A smaller number of patients showed delusions of invention and reform. Perception disturbances such as auditory hallucinations were present in both diagnosis categories but in a higher percentage in depressive bipolar patients.ConclusionsEven if less frequently than in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, psychotic symptoms are present in bipolar disorder. They influence the general functioning and the outcome of patients diagnosed with this illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mindfulness effects on cognition: Preliminary results
Authors: Flores A. , González G. , Lahera G. , Bayón C. , Bravo M. , Rodríguez Vega B. , Avedillo C. , Villanueva R. , Barbeito S. , Saenz M. , García Alocén A. , Ugarte A. , González Pinto A. , Vaughan M. , Carballeira L. , Pérez P. , Barga P. , García N. , De Dios C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundMindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a psychotherapeutic intervention that has been shown effective in several clinical conditions. Nevertheless, research is still needed on its effectiveness on cognition.ObjectiveTo analyze possible effects on cognition of the addition of MBCT intervention versus a brief structured group psycho-education to the standard treatment of subsyndromal bipolar depression. Our hypothesis was that MBCT could improve some aspects of cognitive function to a higher degree than psycho-education and treatment as usual (TAU).Methods/designA randomized, multicenter, prospective, versus active comparator, evaluator-blinded clinical trial was conducted. Forty patients with BD and subclinical or mild depressive symptoms were randomly allocated to:– MBCT added to psychopharmacological treatment (n = 16);– a brief structured group psycho-educational intervention added to psychopharmacological treatment (n = 17);– standard clinical management, including psychopharmacological treatment (n = 7).Assessments were conducted at screening, baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks) and 4-month follow-up.ResultsCognition results point to significant improvement in Stroop Color test as well as processing speed in TMT A test (P < 0.05) in the two psychological intervention groups versus TAU.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that the addition of MBCT or psycho-education to usual treatment could improve some cognitive dimensions in subsyndromal bipolar depressive patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Features of pubertal patients with schizophrenia neurocognitive profile
Authors: Barylnik Y. , Pakhomova S. , Samoylova D. , Abrosimova J. , Kolesnichenko E. , Sizov S. , Bachilo E. , Antonova A. , Deeva M. , Filippova N. 
Published: June 2017

Identifying the patterns of neurocognitive disorders in pubertal schizophrenia is actual.MethodsBenton Test of visual retention, methods of forward and reverse bills, Bourdon correction sample, Wechsler's subtests (subtest 11 – “Encryption”, subtest 12 – “Labyrinths” 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), Trail Creating a Test Part A.ResultsAll patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group (schizophrenia) and second group (other psychic disorders) showed the worst results than healthy subjects. Qualitative analysis of the “Benton Test” results showed similar variations of difficulty and types of errors in the subjects of the first and second groups – ignoring the number of the figure sides, as well as difficulties in the structuring element of the image corners. The “Methods of forward and reverse bills” demonstrated the fatigue and attention instability. “Bourdon test” showed a high level of the stability index (K = 0.09). Wechsler's subtest “Encryption B” obtained poor results, indicating a pathological decrease in visual-motor speed. During the subtest “Labyrinths 1, 2, 3, 4, 5” the subjects of first and second groups exceeded the allowable time limit, but the first group of schizophrenia patients allowed more blunders during pubertal study (ignored the walls of the maze, torn pencil despite the given instructions). The test groups 1 and 2 while passing “Trail Creating a Test Part A” have shown good results – job data did not cause difficulties and carried out in accordance with the specified instructions.ConclusionsNeurocognitive disorders allow to confirm the presence of morphological and functional brain changes when endogenous mental illness occurs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotion regulation during looking in the mirror in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Bernátová T. , Světlák M. 
Published: June 2017

Emotion regulation is complex ability involving many emotional processes. One of the main assumptions of adaptive emotion regulation is emotional awareness, or the ability to identify and interpret own emotions. The absence of these fractional skills at patients with eating disorders can lead to rigid maladaptive control strategies that are underlying etiological factor of eating disorders. Sixteen patients underwent a psychological diagnostic focused on work with emotions. In the experimental part, patients were exposed to their own image through the mirror, during which were supposed to regulate their emotions, according to specific instructions. While patients were looking into the mirror, we monitored psychophysiological activity. Latest results based on the data processing of averages excitation of skin conductance describe the course of the experiment as we expected. Calming phases alternated with mirror exposure were clearly noticeable and consistent during changes in skin conductance and varies almost significantly [F(3,6) = 2.5, P = 0.068, η2 = 0.22], which supports the suitability of the selected eliciting material. The difference between mirror exposures with instructions on how to regulate emotions and without them is not statistically significant, but the continuance of the skin conductance describes the phases of the experiment consistently. The most striking response was detected at the first exposure to the mirror, which may suggest a lack of internal resources to regulate such an important stimulus as their own body. The results indicate that exposure to mirror is a negative emotional stimulus, with whom the patient can hardly cope.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Executive functions disorders in high functioning autism and rehabilitation implications
Authors: Di Santantonio A. , Manfredini M. , Varucciu N. , Fabbri M. , Cutrone M.C. , Villanova M. , Resca F. , Di Sarro R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe term executive functions (EFs) includes a set of cognitive processes such as planning, working memory, attention, problem solving, inhibition, mental flexibility, multi-tasking, and initiation and monitoring of actions. EFs are the higher order control processes to guide behaviour.Some studies on the relationship between EFs and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed deficit in the cognitive flexibility and speed processing, particularly with Asperger syndrome. Recently, Merchán-Naranjo et al. [1] supported that children's and adolescents with autism without intellectual disability are insufficient in at least 5 domains: attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and problem-solving.AimsOur work is aimed at verifying if the presence of a dysexecutive syndrome significantly impacts on the adaptive functioning of people with high functioning autism.MethodsA group of young adults with ASD were administered traditional neuropsychological assessment, specific assessment, focusing on the planning strategies for solving problems (Test Tower of London), abstraction and categorization (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), and the Dysexecutive Questionnaires.ResultsThe results showed the presence of a specific deficit in the executive functioning in an average cognitive functioning.ConclusionsIntegrate the standard cognitive screening with a specific EFs assessment resulted to be very useful for the clinician to realize neuropsychological and psychotherapeutic individualized treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical and social outcome of children and adolescents presenting in the emergency room for disruptive behavior in Lyon and the Rhône-Alpes region: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Gansel Y. , Behrouz K. , Sonia G. , Lamia E.A. , Mohamed T. , Dominique P. , Nadine B. , Bertrand R. 
Published: June 2017

Over the last decade, the frequency of emergency room (ER) visits for pediatric psychiatric disorders has increased in the most western countries. Although data available in France is scarce, a similar trend was observed concerning violent or runaway youth. There is no medical consensus on the status and care management of disruptive behavior (DB) in children and adolescents in ER. Seclusion and physical restraint are often requested to treat violence. With a blur lawful framework for minors, such coercive measures raise ethical issues while contradicting the idea of the patients’ autonomy and well-being. Moreover, consulting in the ER for such situations could lead to an inappropriate use of the healthcare system, a poor assessment of associated psychiatric disorders or comorbidities and an underestimation of suicide risk. Thus, the ER visit for a disruptive child or adolescent is characterized by its uncertainty. It represents a situation of heterogeneity in care management as well as a stake of social exclusion and of dangerous behavior.The study aims to:.– analyze these uncertainties by presenting a multidisciplinary and integrative research methodology through combining clinical evidence and social sciences comprehension;– to implement a cohort to describe children and adolescents admitted to the ER for DB (aggressiveness, violence, fugue or theft), their care management and their social and clinical outcome;– to pool these clinical data with an ethnographic fieldwork focused on DB as a “trouble” experienced by various professionals in the ER.We will focus our presentation on these methodological considerations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Retarded sexual maturity and adolescent conflicts
Authors: Mohammadi M. 
Published: June 2017

Most of the educational psychologists believe that co-education can help the young people to have their sexual instincts activated so that they could release their sexual emotions easily during puberty. In contrast, Islamic educational authorities in Iran strongly insist that children arriving elementary schools must be separated and the teachers and textbooks are chosen according to their sexes. Therefore, men are teaching in boys’ schools and women in girls’ schools. There has been great effort to include men's pictures in boys’ textbooks to prevent from the sexual arousal. As there are not enough universities in the country, the university candidates are mixed in their classes and courses. This can bring flame to the ashes of hidden sexuality and involve the students in abnormal behaviours to control or suppress them. The conflict of interaction with the opposite sex in university with that in the family setting or even society has been proved to create depression among the first year students especially those coming from small and closed environments and rural settings. The statistics of referrals to the counselling office in the university show that self-involvement to control sexual instincts have been the great concern of the students. They spend most of their time thinking about their classmates of different sexes. This paper aims to study the psychological and social outcomes of suppressed instincts for young people having entered the university and the effect on marriage.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparison of cognitive functions children with the autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia
Authors: Zvereva N. , Simashkova N. , Koval-Zaitsev A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder and early onset schizophrenia have many similar symptoms, however, these are different disorders. It is important to identify the main similarities\differences in the structure of cognitive impairment to define further assistance these children correctly. We distinguished two options for cognitive defect (total and partial) in children with schizophrenia.AimsComparison of cognitive functions at children with autism spectrum disorder and early onset schizophrenia.ObjectivesTwo groups with autism spectrum disorder (ASD1 – 22 patients of MHRC mean age 8.9; ASD2 – 27 pupils of special school mean age 7,4). Two groups with early onset schizophrenia (F20.8 – 16 patients of MHRC mean age 10,2; F21 – 18 patients of MHRC mean age 10.0).MethodsBattery of pathopsychological tests for assessing cognitive functions (memory, attention, thinking), test figures of Leeper for visual perception. Z-scales were used for estimation of cognitive deficit or defect.ResultsPatients demonstrate variety of cognitive functioning. Normal cognitive functioning: ASD1* – 22%, F20.8 – 18%, F21* – 50% (* – P ≤ 0.05); partial cognitive defect: ASD1 – 27%, F20.8 – 18%, F21 – 22%; total cognitive defect: ASD1** – 50%, F20.8 – 64%, F21** – 27% (** – P ≤ 0.01). ASD1 and F20 were the worth in thinking. Children ASD1 and ASD2 demonstrate similar success in recognizing Leeper's figures.ConclusionsThere are some common features of cognitive development in children with severe forms of ASD and early onset schizophrenia, first of all in thinking.No significant differences obtained between severe – mild forms of autistic disorders in visual perception (ASD1 and ASD2).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Bipolar spectrum – A helpful concept?
Authors: Cabral Barata P. , Melo J.C. , Maia T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMany patients seen in clinical practice have a mood disorder not well described by the existing diagnostic categories. Formally, they would be called “not otherwise specified” but this creates a huge single category for many patients that belies the richness and complexity of their symptoms.ObjectivesReview the existing information regarding the bipolar spectrum concept and reflect about its importance and utility.MethodsNonsystematic review of the literature – scientific publications from Pubmed and Psychiatry Textbooks.ResultsThe “bipolar spectrum disorder”, designating those patients who fall in the middle of the mood spectrum between the classic unipolar and type I bipolar extremes, would represent recurrent severe depression, but with a family history of bipolar disorder or antidepressant-induced mania or a number of other features of bipolarity in addiction to depressive symptoms, course, or treatment response. The presence of hyperthymic or cyclothymic mood temperaments has also been suggested as part of this bipolar spectrum concept. Several arguments can be found supporting the existence of this spectrum. A validated bipolar spectrum concept will allow a decrease in the diagnostic underestimation of bipolar disease and a more differentiated investigation and treatment model. Bipolar spectrum concepts will help identify those patients to whom antidepressants are not the best therapeutic approach, in relation to mood stabilizers and/or neuroleptics.DiscussionThe bipolar spectrum concept has considerable supporting evidence and utility, theoretical as well as practical. Its development and diagnostic acceptance shall allow new discriminated investigation and better patient outcomes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in treating erectile dysfunction in patients with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study
Authors: Safarinejad M.R. 
Published: June 2017

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with combat related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Patients and methodsIn all, 266 combat-exposed war veterans with ED (aged 37–59 years) were recruited. They met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for PTSD according to the Structured Clinical Interview for Patients, Investigator Version. The patients were also evaluated with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, both to establish the diagnosis of PTSD and to measure symptom severity. Only patients with psychogenic ED were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into a group of 133 who received 100 mg of on-demand sildenafil 0.75–2 h before sexual stimulation, and 133 who received placebo. Patients were asked to use ≥ 16 doses or attempts at home.ResultsSildenafil did not produce significantly and substantially greater improvement than placebo in each of the primary and secondary outcome measures (P = 0.08). A normal EF domain score (≥ 26) at endpoint was reported by 13 (9.8%), and 11 (8.3%) of patients on the sildenafil and placebo regimens, respectively (P = 0.09). Patients treated with sildenafil had no statistically significantly greater improvement in the five sexual function domains of the IIEF questionnaire than those treated with placebo (P = 0.08). The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were significantly greater in the sildenafil arm than in the placebo group (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSildenafil is no better than placebo in treating PTSD-emergent ED.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
QTc Interval in psychiatric inpatients: A retrospective study
Authors: Brondino N. , Fusar-Poli L. , Rocchetti M. , Besozzi M. , Mori A. , Fasoli F. , Politi P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral psychotropic medications (i.e. antipsychotics, antidepressant) have been recently associated with QTc prolongation. Despite literature data report only mild prolongation of QTc following the use of antidepressants or typical antipsychotics, post-marketing studies have clearly evidenced an increased risk of QTc prolongation and potentially lethal arrhythmias (i.e. torsade de pointes) in psychiatric patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of prolonged QTc and to identify potential predictors influencing QTc in a psychiatric inpatient population.MethodsMedical records of 200 patients admitted to our psychiatric ward between 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsPrevalence of prolonged QTc at admission was very low (0.1%). No significant differences in QTc interval were observed between patients taking or not antipsychotics (P = 0.66), mood stabilizers (P = 0.36), or antidepressants (P = 0.07). A statistically significant difference was observed between patients on depot formulation and patients who were taking oral antipsychotic (P = 0.02). However, the pharmaceutical class of the medications appeared not significant.ConclusionsWe observed a very low rate of QTc prolongation in psychiatric inpatients at admission. Surprisingly we did not find a significant effect of specific medications; however, in our sample intramuscular formulation was associated with lower QTc interval.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Patients with mood disorders and chronic coronary artery disease receiving conservative therapy have a higher risk of death during affective episode
Authors: Lebedeva E.V. , Schastnyy E.D. , Simutkin G.G. , Sergienko T.N. , Nonka T.G. , Repin A.N. 
Published: June 2017

The contribution of comorbid with coronary artery disease (CAD) mood disorders (MD) into total mortality is contradictory.ObjectiveTo study frequency and time until death due to general causes in groups of patients with comorbid MD, and without them as well as interrelationship of these indicators with comorbid MD and therapy with antidepressants.MethodsInpatients with chronic CAD (n = 333) under conservative therapy were investigated (31% females (n = 103), 69% males (n = 230), mean age 61.8 ± 9.8 years). Team of cardiologists and psychiatrists followed up patients for 7 years (2008–2014). Survival frequency was evaluated by method of life tables.ResultsAmong patients under conservative therapy of CAD the death frequency due to general causes did not differ significantly in presence (n = 80) and absence of MD (n = 253) and was 18.8% and 16.6%, respectively. Correlation of deaths with hypomanic and mixed episodes was revealed (rs = 0.3). The groups differed according to function of immediate risks: patients with MD were at high risk of death during the year after detection of affective symptoms, and in group without MD it increased over the time of observation (Р = 0.0000).Duration of antidepressant therapy was 5.5 ± 0.5 months. Among patients receiving antidepressants (n = 20), during therapy and after one month after discontinuation there were not deaths. Difference of function of immediate risks in these subgroups was not significant (Р = 0.09).ConclusionsPatients with affective disorders and chronic CAD under conservative therapy are at high risk of death within affective episode and therapy with antidepressants did not influence change of risk of death.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.