bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holistic health care: Patients' experiences of health care provided by an Advanced Practice Nurse
Authors: Eriksson Irene , Lindblad Monica , Möller Ulrika , Gillsjö Catharina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionAdvanced Practice Nurse (APN) is a fairly new role in the Swedish health care system.AimTo describe patients' experiences of health care provided by an APN in primary health care.MethodsAn inductive, descriptive qualitative approach with qualitative open‐ended interviews was chosen to obtain descriptions from 10 participants regarding their experiences of health care provided by an APN. The data were collected during the spring 2012, and a qualitative approach was used for analyze.ResultsThe APNs had knowledge and skills to provide safe and secure individual and holistic health care with high quality, and a respectful and flexible approach. The APNs conveyed trust and safety and provided health care that satisfied the patients' needs of accessibility and appropriateness in level of care.ConclusionThe APNs way of providing health care and promoting health seems beneficial in many ways for the patients. The individual and holistic approach that characterizes the health care provided by the APNs is a key aspect in the prevailing change of health care practice. The transfer of care and the increasing number of older adults, often with a variety of complex health problems, call for development of the new role in this context.
Negative (But Not Positive) Parenting Interacts with Infant Negative Affect to Predict Infant Approach: Evidence of Diathesis‐Stress
Authors: Holzman Jacob B. , Burt Nicole M. , Edwards Erin S. , Rosinski Leanna D. , Bridgett David J. 
Published: October 2017

Temperament by parenting interactions may reflect that individuals with greater risk are more likely to experience negative outcomes in adverse contexts (diathesis‐stress) or that these individuals are more susceptible to contextual influences in a “for better or for worse” pattern (differential susceptibility). Although such interactions have been identified for a variety of child outcomes, prior research has not examined approach characteristics—excitement and approach toward pleasurable activities—in the first year of life. Therefore, this study investigated whether 6‐month maternal reported infant negative affect—a phenotypic marker of risk/susceptibility—interacted with 8‐month observed parenting behaviors (positive parenting, negative parenting) to predict 12‐month infant behavioral approach. Based on a sample of mothers and their infants (N = 150), results indicated that negative parenting was inversely associated with subsequent approach for infants with high, but not low, levels of negative affect. Similar results did not occur regarding positive parenting. These findings better fit a diathesis‐stress model rather than a differential susceptibility model. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Reproducing low‐wage labour: capital accumulation, labour markets and young workers
Authors: Yates Edward 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrawing on evidence from Greater Manchester, this article examines how structural changes in capital accumulation have created particular labour market outcomes, which have led to young people becoming a source of cheap labour for the growing low‐wage service economy. Greater Manchester has been selected as a case study because of the sectoral composition of its labour market and because levels of low pay for young workers are above the national low‐pay average of 40 per cent. The research reveals that it is necessary to move beyond sociological explanations that concentrate on the ‘essential youthfulness’ of young people and instead draw on analytical categories from political economy in order to understand the structural causes of young people's material circumstances.
Research Review: Gender identity in youth: treatment paradigms and controversies
Authors: Turban Jack L. , Ehrensaft Diane 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPediatric gender identity has gained increased attention over the past several years in the popular media, political arena, and medical literature. This article reviews terminology in this evolving field, traditional models of gender identity development and their limitations, epidemiology and natural history of cross‐gender identification among children and adolescents, co‐occurring conditions and behaviors, research into the biological and psychosocial determinants of cross‐gender identification, and research into the options regarding and benefits of clinical approaches to gender incongruent youth.MethodsBased on a critical review of the extant literature, both theoretical and empirical, that addresses the issue of pediatric gender identity, the authors synthesized what is presently known and what is in need of further research in order to elucidate the developmental trajectory and clinical needs of gender diverse youth.ResultsThe field of pediatric gender identity has evolved substantially over the past several years. New research suggests that cross‐gender identification is prevalent (approximately 1% of youth). These youth suffer disproportionately high rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Although research into the etiology of cross‐gender identification is limited, emerging data have shown that affirmative treatment protocols may improve the high rates of mental health difficulties seen among these patients.ConclusionsThe field of pediatric gender identity has evolved dramatically. Emerging data suggest that these patients’ high rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidality appear to be improved with affirmative protocols, although future longitudinal data are needed.
Imaging connected porosity of crystalline rock by contrast agent‐aided X‐ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: KUVA J. , SAMMALJÄRVI J. , PARKKONEN J. , SIITARI‐KAUPPI M. , LEHTONEN M. , TURPEINEN T. , TIMONEN J. , VOUTILAINEN M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWe set out to study connected porosity of crystalline rock using X‐ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) with caesium chloride as a contrast agent. Caesium is an important radionuclide regarding the final deposition of nuclear waste and also forms dense phases that can be readily distinguished by X‐ray microtomography and SEM‐EDS. Six samples from two sites, Olkiluoto (Finland) and Grimsel (Switzerland), where transport properties of crystalline rock are being studied in situ, were investigated using X‐ray microtomography and SEM‐EDS. The samples were imaged with X‐ray microtomography, immersed in a saturated caesium chloride (CsCl) solution for 141, 249 and 365 days and imaged again with X‐ray microtomography. CsCl inside the samples was successfully detected with X‐ray microtomography and it had completely penetrated all six samples. SEM‐EDS elemental mapping was used to study the location of caesium in the samples in detail with quantitative mineral information. Precipitated CsCl was found in the connected pore space in Olkiluoto veined gneiss and in lesser amounts in Grimsel granodiorite. Only a very small amount of precipitated CsCl was observed in the Grimsel granodiorite samples. In Olkiluoto veined gneiss caesium was found in pinitised areas of cordierite grains. In the pinitised areas caesium was found in notable excess compared to chloride, possibly due to the combination of small pore size and negatively charged surfaces. In addition, elevated concentrations of caesium were found in kaolinite and sphalerite phases. The findings concerning the location of CsCl were congruent with X‐ray microtomography.
Rationality as the Capacity for Understanding
Authors: Schafer Karl 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this essay, I develop and defend a virtue‐theoretic conception of rationality as a capacity whose function is understanding, as opposed to mere truth or correctness. I focus on two main potential advantages of this view. First, its ability to explain the rationality of forms of explanatory reasoning, and second, its ability to offer a more unified account of theoretical and practical rationality.
Assessment of vulnerability for coastal erosion with GIS and AHP techniques case study: Southern coastline of Sri Lanka
Authors: Lin Li , Pussella Pgrni 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoastal Vulnerability Index for erosion was introduced for southwestern coast of Sri Lanka in this study. Slope, geomorphology, erosion rate, dune width, tide direction, tidal range, wave height, protection methods and adjacent land use type were used as variables. Existing maps, Google Earth images, field observations, and questionnaire surveys were used as data sources and decision model was prepared using GIS technique. Weights for the model were determined through questionnaire surveys and analytical hierarchical process technique. It was revealed that 7.5% and 23.7% of coastline are very highly and highly vulnerable for coastal erosion, respectively. A total of 27.11% of study area was classified as moderately and 29.4% as lower vulnerable. Only 12.25% of the line is very low vulnerable for coastal erosion. Two hot spots were identified to be given immediate attention. Coastal slope was recognized as most influential factor for high vulnerability using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient values.Summary for Managers
It can be concluded that the southern coastline of Sri Lanka is in risk and immediate attention of policy makers for mitigation process is highly recommended. It is recommended to construct artificial barriers after analyzing the characteristics and the profile of the coast.
Special attention is highly required for hot spot areas in Kahawa and Hikkaduwa coastal areas.
Furthermore, study recommends to introduce different buffer zones for various purposes and uses.
Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Have Alterations in Absolute Quantities of Specific Peripheral Leucocyte Populations
Authors: Davies R. , Hammenfors D. , Bergum B. , Jakobsen K. , Solheim M. , Vogelsang P. , Brun J. G. , Bryceson Y. , Jonsson R. , Appel S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn accurate dissection of peripheral blood enumeration is lacking in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The purpose of this study was to quantify different leucocyte populations in peripheral blood of patients with pSS. Numbers of specific leucocyte subsets were determined in 86 pSS patients and 74 healthy donors quantifying 21 distinct subtypes by flow cytometry. Subgroups of pSS patients were stratified based on presence of extraglandular manifestations (EGMs) and SSA/SSB autoantibodies. Overall, pSS patients manifested decreased lymphocyte subpopulations compared to healthy donors. Such decreases were more pronounced in SSA/SSB positive patients and patients with EGM. Granulocyte and monocyte subpopulations were increased in pSS patients compared to healthy donors, with the greatest increases in SSA/SSB positive patients. Unsupervised hierarchal clustering based on cell quantities was used to further subgroup the pSS patients into four clusters. One of the clusters characterized by higher concentrations of NKT cells, CD56hi NK cells, CD20+CD38− B cells and CD8+CD38− T cells was associated with weaker clinical symptoms than the other clusters, possibly marking a milder disease phenotype. In conclusion, our analyses indicate significant alterations in the cellular profiles of peripheral blood leucocytes in patients with pSS and may help to stratify the patients according to disease severity.
The relationality of law and culture: Dominant approaches and new directions for cultural sociologists
Authors: Yazdiha Hajar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMuch of the cultural sociological research in law and culture falls into one of the following approaches: (1) law as a structure that enables and constrains culture; (2) culture as a structure that enables and constrains law; and (3) law as a cultural toolkit or repertoire upon which actors draw to orient strategies for action. This article briefly reviews these approaches, then, drawing from the generative socio‐legal tradition in law as culture, highlights a fourth approach. While law and culture are often analyzed as autonomous forces in ongoing contention, negotiation, and reconciliation, the socio‐legal approach conceptualizes the relationality of law and culture as constituted by ongoing contention. I argue that this relational approach may offer cultural sociologists who do not study law a framework for better analyzing how power undergirds, enables and constrains cultural meaning. I offer examples to illustrate the utility of this research agenda through three areas of interest for cultural sociologists: (1) embodiment; (2) emotions; and (3) political culture. Such an approach encourages a two‐way bridge between cultural sociology and socio‐legal studies conceptualizing culture as a dynamic system of power relations.
Cardiopulmonary ultrasound for critically ill adults improves diagnostic accuracy in a resource‐limited setting: the AFRICA trial
Authors: Becker Torben K. , Tafoya Chelsea A. , Osei‐Ampofo Maxwell , Tafoya Matthew J. , Kessler Ross A. , Theyyunni Nikhil , Yakubu Hussein A. , Opuni Daniel , Clauw Daniel J. , Cranford James A. , Oppong Chris K. , Oteng Rockefeller A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of a cardiopulmonary ultrasound (CPUS) examination on diagnostic accuracy for critically ill patients in a resource‐limited setting.MethodsApproximately half of the emergency medicine resident physicians at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana, were trained in a CPUS protocol. Adult patients triaged to the resuscitation area of the emergency department (ED) were enrolled if they exhibited signs or symptoms of shock or respiratory distress. Patients were assigned to the intervention group if their treating physician had completed the CPUS training. The physician's initial diagnostic impression was recorded immediately after the history and physical examination in the control group, and after an added CPUS examination in the intervention group. This was compared to a standardised final diagnosis derived from post hoc chart review of the patient's care at 24 h by two blinded, independent reviewers using a clearly defined and systematic process. Secondary outcomes were 24‐h mortality and use of IV fluids, diuretics, vasopressors and bronchodilators.ResultsOf 890 patients presenting during the study period, 502 were assessed for eligibility, and 180 patients were enrolled. Diagnostic accuracy was higher for patients who received the CPUS examination (71.9% vs. 57.1%, Δ 14.8% [CI 0.5%, 28.4%]). This effect was particularly pronounced for patients with a ‘cardiac’ diagnosis, such as cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure or acute valvular disease (94.7% vs. 40.0%, Δ 54.7% [CI 8.9%, 86.4%]). Secondary outcomes were not different between groups.ConclusionsIn an urban ED in Ghana, a CPUS examination improved the accuracy of the treating physician's initial diagnostic impression. There were no differences in 24‐h mortality and a number of patient care interventions.
Highly interwoven communities of a gene regulatory network unveil topologically important genes for maize seed development
Authors: Xiong Wenwei , Wang Chunlei , Zhang Xiangbo , Yang Qinghua , Shao Ruixin , Lai Jinsheng , Du Chunguang 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe complex interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes in a spatially and temporally specific manner are crucial to all cellular processes. Reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from gene expression profiles can help to decipher TF‐gene regulations in a variety of contexts; however, the inevitable prediction errors of GRNs hinder optimal data mining of RNA‐Seq transcriptome profiles. Here we perform an integrative study of Zea mays (maize) seed development in order to identify key genes in a complex developmental process. First, we reverse engineered a GRN from 78 maize seed transcriptome profiles. Then, we studied collective gene interaction patterns and uncovered highly interwoven network communities as the building blocks of the GRN. One community, composed of mostly unknown genes interacting with opaque2, brittle endosperm1 and shrunken2, contributes to seed phenotypes. Another community, composed mostly of genes expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer, is responsible for nutrient transport. We further integrated our inferred GRN with gene expression patterns in different seed compartments and at various developmental stages and pathways. The integration facilitated a biological interpretation of the GRN. Our yeast one‐hybrid assays verified six out of eight TF‐promoter bindings in the reconstructed GRN. This study identified topologically important genes in interwoven network communities that may be crucial to maize seed development.
A New Pressure Vessel Class: Challenging Weld Efficiencies
Authors: Frith Robert , Laird Sean 
Published: October 2017

It could be argued that pressure equipment design is fully mature. Aside from placing increased attention on regions of localized stress, offered by Finite Element Analysis (FEA), there is little else that can be done, from a design standpoint, to reduce manufacturing costs of pressure equipment. This paper builds on previous work undertaken by the authors that questioned the use of weld efficiency based on partial and no volumetric inspection. It proposes a new class of pressure vessel where the fabricator has control over the weld efficiency factor, thus enabling the opportunity for reduction in pressure vessel costs for a certain range of products. This paper addresses three key topics:
1. The historical basis and justification for the use of weld efficiency factors;
2. The design principles behind the proposed new vessel class, and;
3. The advantages, conditions and challenges faced in implementing the new vessel class.
The intent of this paper is to explore the opportunity for an advancement in pressure equipment design and its fabrication.
On-Site Vibration Test for Measuring Damping Ratio of PWR Reactor Coolant Loop
Authors: Ishiguro Takami , Numata Takeshi , Goshima Nobuyoshi , Monde Masatsugu , Fuyama Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2017

In the Application for Construction Plan License after the Great East Japan Earthquake, it was needed to revalidate the damping ratio to apply 3% for seismic analyses of Reactor Coolant Loop (RCL) with two-point-support Steam Generators (SGs) which was normally 0.5% or 1% in the past Applications. For the revalidation, vibration tests of SGs were carried out at Unit 2 and Unit 3 in Mihama Power Station of the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
In the test at Mihama Unit 2, SG top was hit horizontally by the pendulum type hammering device. As a result, in the hot leg (HL) direction, 9% damping ratio has been obtained. In the test at Mihama Unit 3, electro-hydraulic actuators were installed at the top of reinforced concrete wall surrounding SG and SG upper manhole was excited. In the excitation test, frequency response curves were obtained by changing the frequency stepwise in sinusoidal wave at constant amplitude. The damping ratio has been confirmed as more than 3%, specified in JEAG 4601-1991 as standard value, in the HL perpendicular direction which provided smaller damping ratio compared to the HL direction.
Dissipation energy of snubber was measured and it has been confirmed that snubbers themselves do not contribute damping effect for small SG displacement like tests in Mihama Unit 2 and Unit 3. Large dissipation energy of snubbers would be expected in earthquake. It has been realized that conservative large responses are computed in RCL seismic analysis if the damping ratios obtained are used.
Direct Method on Creep Fatigue Damage Assessment Considering Full Creep-Cyclic Plasticity Interaction
Authors: Barbera Daniele , Chen Haofeng , Luan Weiling 
Published: October 2017

This paper introduces the latest research and development of the Linear Matching Method (LMM) on the creep fatigue damage assessment of components subjected to high temperature and cyclic load conditions. The method varies from existing rule-based approaches in both the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (NH) and the UK R5 high temperature assessment procedure, where the creep behavior/creep damage and cyclic plastic response /fatigue damage are analyzed separately. In support to these the extended Direct Steady Cycle Analysis (eDSCA) has been proposed to provide a more accurate description of the potentially dangerous interaction between creep and cyclic plasticity during the load cycle, and hence is able to accurately address creep enhanced plasticity and cyclically enhanced creep.
The applications of the LMM eDSCA method for creep fatigue damage assessment to three practical problems are then outlined to demonstrate that the proposed direct method is capable of predicting an accurate component life due to creep fatigue and creep ratcheting damages by modeling cyclic plasticity and creep interaction using this new simplified direct method, providing a degree of accuracy and convenience in creep fatigue assessment hitherto unavailable and without the restrictions inherent in other methodologies.
Seismic Qualification of Piping System by Detailed Inelastic Response Analysis: Part 2 — A Guideline for Piping Seismic Inelastic Response Analysis
Authors: Otani Akihito , Shibutani Tadahiro , Morishita Masaki , Nakamura Izumi , Watakabe Tomoyoshi , Shiratori Masaki 
Published: October 2017

A Code Case in the framework of JSME Nuclear Codes and Standards is currently being developed to incorporate seismic design evaluation of piping by detailed elastic-plastic response analysis and strain-based fatigue criteria as an alternative design rule to the current rule, in order to provide a more rational seismic design evaluation. The Code Case provides two strain-based criteria; one is a limit to maximum amplitude of equivalent strain amplitude derived from detailed analysis and the other is a limit to the fatigue usage factor also based on the equivalent strain amplitude.
A guideline for piping seismic analysis based on inelastic response analysis is also being developed as a mandatory appendix for the code case. The guideline provides the methodology to obtain the elastic and plastic strains in seismic response and contains descriptions for analysis code, FE modeling including material property definition, time history analysis method, damping, seismic input condition and verification and validation method. This paper introduces the outlines of them.