bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on carrier multiplication in graphene
Authors: Malic Ermin , Winzer Torben , Wendler Florian , Knorr Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe remarkable gapless and linear band structure of graphene opens up new carrier relaxation channels bridging the valence and the conduction band. These Auger scattering processes change the number of charge carriers and can give rise to a significant multiplication of optically excited carriers in graphene. This is an ultrafast many‐particle phenomenon that is of great interest both for fundamental many‐particle physics as well as technological applications. Here, we review the research on carrier multiplication in graphene and Landau‐quantized graphene including theoretical modeling and experimental demonstration.Illustration of the electronic band structure of graphene including Auger scattering channels that can lead to a carrier multiplication (CM). Figure adapted from Ref. [2].
Gap state imaging and spin‐orbit effects in resonant photoelectron diffraction
Authors: Krüger Peter , Pieve Fabiana Da 
Published: October 2016

In core‐level photoelectron diffraction, the surface atomic structure is imaged through a local source wave. In valence photoemission, the source wave gets effectively localized at a core‐valence resonance, and local information on valence states can be obtained. Through photoelectron diffraction at the Ti 2p − 3d resonance, we have determined the charge distribution of the gap state at n‐doped TiO2 surfaces. Second, the origin of spin polarization in resonant photoemission from non‐ferromagnetic surfaces is critically reviewed. We have developed a multiple scattering computational method for resonant photoemission and have applied it to Cr(110) and Fe(100). For circular polarized light, we find that the resonant photocurrent is strongly spin polarized in antiferromagnets and disordered ferromagnets, in agreement with experiment. Contrary to previous interpretations, we show that this spin polarization is essentially unrelated to local magnetic moments, but because of an angular momentum transfer from the photon to the photoelectron via core spin‐orbit coupling and exchange autoionization decay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reply: “Function of Cryopreserved Mesenchymal Stromal Cells With and Without Interferon-γ Prelicensing Is Context Dependent”
Authors: Galipeau Jacques 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Freshly thawed mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) transiently display altered cell physiology and a recent report by Chinnadurai et al. [Stem Cells 2016;34:2429–2442] demonstrated that thawed allogeneic MSCs are also susceptible to T-cell mediated lysis in vitro and that this effect can be mitigated by activating MSCs with IFN-γ prior to freeze and thaw. In the letter to the editor by Ankrum et al., “Function of Cryopreserved MSCs with and without IFN-γ pre-licensing is Context Dependent,” the author provide data that IFN-γ pretreatment of human MSCs before cryobanking fails to enhance their potency post thaw in a mouse model of retinal disease. Considering that the experimental set up involves the use of human MSCs in mice with normal immune systems, we propose that IFN-γ MSC activation enhances the immune incompatibility of xenogenic human cells in a manner which may confound the predictive value for human translational use.
Concise Review: Signaling Control of Early Fate Decisions Around the Human Pluripotent Stem Cell State
Authors: Rao Jyoti , Greber Boris 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) present a fascinating and powerful system for generating specialized cell types of the human body. Culture and directed differentiation of these cells however requires an understanding of the pluripotent ground state and of how cell lineage decisions in this system are made. In this review, we highlight both these aspects in light of recent findings and technical progress. Hence, advances in culturing the human preimplantation embryo beyond the implantation barrier and in analyzing it at the single-cell level shed new light on the hESC tissue of origin. We argue that these findings have important implications for our view of hESC identity and we critically discuss recent efforts in converting these cells to a more primitive state. With an emphasis on the roles played by major signaling pathways, we furthermore attempt to infer key principles underlying cell fate control in hESCs from recently published work. This integrated model combines defined signaling pathway manipulation with the regulation of core hESC genes, to aid in controlling cell lineage allocation in a rational manner.
Characterization of in vitro effects of microcystin‐LR on intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Xu Xiaoping , Yu Beibei , Yu Guang 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe intestinal epithelium is a single‐cell layer that provides an important barrier against natural toxins. Microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR), a cyclic heptapeptide, is one of the best known toxins able to alter the functions of intestine. This study evaluated the toxic effects and the possible mechanisms of MC‐LR on barrier function of the intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC‐6) were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM MC‐LR. Cell viability significantly decreased, while the ratio of apoptotic cells increased after exposure to 12.5μM and higer concentration of MC‐LR. As expected, the integrity of a polarized IEC‐6 monolayer was affected by MC‐LR exposure, as demonstrated by a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, becoming most pronounced at 50μM, 24 h. No effects were detected on the protein expression levels of the tight junction protein claudin at 50μM. However, the expression of occludin and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) declined. Furthermore, MC‐LR can immigrate into IEC‐6 cells. The activity of protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) decreased from the concentration of 12.5 μM, showing a dose‐dependent decline. These results provide new information that strengthens the concept that the intestinal epithelium is important targets for toxic effects of water contaminants like MC‐LR. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1539–1547, 2017.
A Maude environment for CafeOBJ
Authors: Riesco Adrián , Ogata Kazuhiro , Futatsugi Kokichi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We present in this paper an interpreter implemented in Maude for non-behavioral CafeOBJ specifications. This alternative implementation poses a number of advantages: (1) it allows Maude tools to be used with CafeOBJ specifications, (2) it improves the performance of some CafeOBJ commands, such as search, (3) it enriches CafeOBJ syntax with Maude syntax, and (4) it makes CafeOBJ easily extensible, since new commands and tools can be included and tested and, once they are sufficiently mature, can be considered for inclusion in the Lisp implementation of CafeOBJ. The current tool presents a number of improvements over the tool presented in previous papers: it supports principal sorts, all kinds of CafeOBJ views, and all the search predicates recently implemented in the system. These improvements have allowed us to run the most recent CafeOBJ specifications, hence proving the robustness of the tool. Moreover, we present case studies illustrating the power of the tool, focusing on the falsification and verification of the NSPK and QLOCK protocols, respectively.
Habitat‐forming seaweeds in Japan (fucoids and temperate kelps)
Authors: Kumagai Naoki H. , Yamano Hiroya , Fujii Masahiko , Yamanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the flora of habitat‐forming seaweeds (fucoids and temperate kelps) at 7673 sites of the Japanese coast encompassing its warm to cold temperate zone, recorded from 1887 to 2014. The data set includes 86 species (21,168 presence and 20,845 absence records), compiled from 355 literature sources, most of which were written in Japanese and published as grey literature in local journals or individual reports. Scientific names were consolidated under currently‐accepted nomenclature based on Algaebase (http://www.algaebase.org). The data set compiled the seaweed flora at each study site each year, the geographical location and the scientific names. Additionally, three supporting data sets were created respectively including name of each site, synonyms of the seaweeds, and the corresponding literature list. This rich collection of data can be used to study the biogeography and long‐term changes of particular species and the diversity of habitat‐forming seaweeds of the Japanese coast.
A case series of reflex myoclonic absence epilepsy of infancy – an age-dependent idiopathic generalized epileptic (IGE) syndrome – with good prognosis
Authors: Kalane Umesh , Kalane Shilpa 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background Myoclonic epilepsies in the infantile age have varied presentations including benign myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (MEI) on one side and Doose, west, Dravet syndrome as well as recognized syndromes on the severe spectrum on the other side. MEI is an idiopathic disorder characterized by spontaneous myoclonic attacks with onset in the first 2 years of life. Reflex myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (RMEI) has startle- and tectile-induced myoclonias and needs distinct consideration from MEI.
Results Hereby, a case series of 3 infants, started with reflex myoclonic absence seizures before 12 months of age, has been described. All the infants have unremarkable birth history, normal development, and examination. They started with myoclonic jerks involving torso and upper extremities and were associated with startle induced by unexpected sounds and tectile stimulation. All children were treated with valproate and were followed till date with minimum follow-up of 12 months and showed complete seizure control at low dose of valproate. At 6-month follow-up, all children were seizure-free with normal development.
Conclusion Reflex myoclonic absence epilepsy is an age-dependent idiopathic generalized epileptic (IGE) syndrome, with an apparently good prognosis. It needs to be recognized separately as new syndrome and should be differentiated from the other myoclonic epilepsies of same age.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the pilsicainide‐induced stabilization of hERG proteins in transfected mammalian cells
Authors: Onohara Takeshi , Hisatome Ichiro , Kurata Yasutaka , Li Peili , Notsu Tomomi , Morikawa Kumi , Otani Naoyuki , Yoshida Akio , Iitsuka Kazuhiko , Kato Masaru , Miake Junichiro , Ninomiya Haruaki , Higaki Katsumi , Shirayoshi Yasuaki , Nishihara Takashi , Itoh Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Nishimura Motonobu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPilsicainide, classified as a relatively selective Na+ channel blocker, also has an inhibitory action on the rapidly‐activating delayed‐rectifier K+ current (IKr) through human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) channels. We studied the effects of chronic exposure to pilsicainide on the expression of wild‐type (WT) hERG proteins and WT‐hERG channel currents, as well as on the expression of mutant hERG proteins, in a heterologous expression system.MethodsHEK293 cells stably expressing WT or mutant hERG proteins were subjected to Western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and patch‐clamp experiments.ResultsAcute exposure to pilsicainide at 0.03–10 μM influenced neither the expression of WT‐hERG proteins nor WT‐hERG channel currents. Chronic treatment with 0.03–10 μM pilsicainide for 48 h, however, increased the expression of WT‐hERG proteins and channel currents in a concentration‐dependent manner. Chronic treatment with 3 μM pilsicainide for 48 h delayed degradation of WT‐hERG proteins and increased the channels expressed on the plasma membrane. A cell membrane‐impermeant pilsicainide derivative did not influence the expression of WT‐hERG, indicating that pilsicainide stabilized the protein inside the cell. Pilsicainide did not influence phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B) or expression of heat shock protein families such as HSF‐1, hsp70 and hsp90. E4031, a chemical chaperone for hERG, abolished the pilsicainide effect on hERG. Chronic treatment with pilsicainide could also increase the protein expression of trafficking‐defective mutant hERG, G601S and R752W.ConclusionsPilsicainide penetrates the plasma membrane, stabilizes WT‐hERG proteins by acting as a chemical chaperone, and enhances WT‐hERG channel currents. This mechanism could also be applicable to modulations of certain mutant‐hERG proteins.
Description of a novel variant in the MAMLD1 gene in isolated hypospadias
Authors: Fernández Nicolás , Pabon Jattin , Ayala Paola , Pérez Jaime , Ortiz Ana , Zarante Ignacio 
Published: October 2016

Introduction Hypospadias is a multifactorial malformation. Among previously described genes, the MAMLD1 has recently been identified in association with the development of hypospadias. So far, there are no studies in Latin America addressing this gene. The aim of this paper is to describe the presence of variants in exon 3 of the MAMLD1 in our population.
Materials and Methods Using the Bio-Repository's database of the Human Genetics Institute, we identified 51 patients between 2008 and 2012 with varying degrees of isolated hypospadias. Exon 3 was sequenced looking for polymorphisms. These were assessed with in silico prediction algorithms to describe the effect of these changes on the function and structure of the protein.
Results Four patients with 3 variants were identified. The p.S364P variant has not been previously described and has a deleterious effect. The other two, rs41313406 and rs61740566, have been previously described and are not considered variations with harmful effect on the protein function. The genotype-phenotype correlation varies in severity between the variables described.
Conclusions For the first time a Latin American population is molecularly analyzed. The p.S364P variation has never been described before. Variations with different degrees of hypospadias are described.
Identifying the Effects of Objective and Subjective Quality on Wine Prices
Authors: Oczkowski Edward 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examines a framework developed by Cardebat, Figuet, and Paroissien in a 2014 Journal of Wine Economics article for identifying the impacts of both objective and subjective quality on wine prices. We recognize how various specifications are observationally equivalent and that the interpretation of model estimates depends crucially on the posited assumption for the relation between price and objective and subjective quality. The proposed framework is applied to Australian premium wines. Results indicate that the price impact of expert personal opinions is similar to the impact of objective quality as estimated via weather, vintage, and producer fixed effects. The relative importance of objective quality compared with subjective quality depends crucially on the ability of expert scores to accurately reflect objective quality. (JEL Classifications: C21, Q11, Q54)
Dynamic modelling of strategies for the control of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks in schools in Changsha, China (2004–2015)
Authors: CHEN S. L. , LIU R. C. , CHEN F. M. , ZHANG X. X. , ZHAO J. , CHEN T. M. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYOutbreaks of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) – a rapidly progressing and highly contagious infection – often occur in schools during summer and autumn. We used dynamic modelling to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to control AHC outbreaks in schools. A susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model was built to simulate AHC outbreaks in Chinese schools, with isolation or school closure added into the model. We used outbreak data from the period 2004–2015 in our models to estimate the effective reproduction number and assess the efficacy of interventions. The median effective reproduction number (uncontrolled) of AHC outbreaks was 7·00 (range 1·77–25·87). The median effective reproduction number (controlled) of AHC outbreaks was 0·16 (range 0·00–2·28). Intervention efficacy is affected by the timing of isolation; earlier isolation is associated with a lower morbidity peak and smaller total attack rate (TAR). School closures were not effective; TARs were almost 100% and did not change even when different school closure durations were adopted. Isolation and school closure as a combined intervention strategy was used to simulate outbreak control, but the efficacy was the same as isolation alone. An isolation programme could be an effective primary intervention during AHC outbreaks in schools. However, school closure is not recommended.
Evaluating a social problem solving intervention for juvenile detainees: Depressive outcomes and moderators of effectiveness
Authors: Haeffel Gerald J. , Hein Sascha , Square Amanda , Macomber Donna , Lee Maria , Chapman John , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study reports findings from the administration of a social problem-solving training (SPST) intervention to juvenile detainees in the Connecticut Youth Detainee Program. SPST is a cognitive behavioral intervention that teaches children and youth how to more effectively cope with interpersonal stress and conflict. In the current study, we tested whether SPST could decrease depressive symptoms in a sample of detained adolescent offenders. The study used a randomized-control design with detention staff administering the intervention. The results showed that SPST, as a main effect, was not more effective in reducing depressive symptoms than treatment as usual. However, the effectiveness of SPST was moderated by fluid intelligence. Juvenile detainees with high intelligence scores were most likely to benefit from SPST compared to treatment as usual. It was surprising that, for those with lower intelligence scores, SPST increased depressive symptoms relative to treatment as usual. These results help fill a critical need for intervention effectiveness data on juvenile detainees and indicate that SPST may not be useful for reducing outcomes such as depression.
Exploring collaborative reverse subtitling for the enhancement of written production activities in English as a second language
Authors: Talaván Noa , Ibáñez Ana , Bárcena Elena 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article explores the effects of collaborative reverse subtitling as an activity for the promotion of writing skills in English as a second language. An initial analysis is undertaken of the pros and cons of the role of translation in second language learning historically and the role of information and communication technology in this process, with special attention being paid to recent initiatives on the didactic use of audiovisual translation in the form of subtitling, and the evidence of their efficacy obtained so far. Subsequently, a completed research project is described, which was aimed at promoting second language learning among distance learning university students through collaborative reverse subtitling. Specifically, the project aimed to explore both the potential of a guided subtitling activity for the development of written production skills, and also the dynamics of undertaking such an activity collaboratively, in order to gain insights on the social, cognitive, metacognitive and transfer mechanisms that can be activated in collective study. Finally, we reflect on the need to accumulate evidence on multimodal translating scenarios combining individual and collective work for the development of communicative language competences, through further research and classroom use, in order to consolidate and refine these findings.
A network property necessary for concentration robustness
Authors: Eloundou-Mbebi Jeanne M. O. , Küken Anika , Omranian Nooshin , Kleessen Sabrina , Neigenfind Jost , Basler Georg , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMaintenance of functionality of complex cellular networks and entire organisms exposed to environmental perturbations often depends on concentration robustness of the underlying components. Yet, the reasons and consequences of concentration robustness in large-scale cellular networks remain largely unknown. Here, we derive a necessary condition for concentration robustness based only on the structure of networks endowed with mass action kinetics. The structural condition can be used to design targeted experiments to study concentration robustness. We show that metabolites satisfying the necessary condition are present in metabolic networks from diverse species, suggesting prevalence of this property across kingdoms of life. We also demonstrate that our predictions about concentration robustness of energy-related metabolites are in line with experimental evidence from Escherichia coli. The necessary condition is applicable to mass action biological systems of arbitrary size, and will enable understanding the implications of concentration robustness in genetic engineering strategies and medical applications.
Living with chronic illness scale: international validation of a new self-report measure in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ambrosio Leire , Portillo Mari Carmen , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Rodriguez-Violante Mayela , Castrillo Juan Carlos Martínez , Arillo Víctor Campos , Garretto Nélida Susana , Arakaki Tomoko , Dueñas Marcos Serrano , Álvarez Mario , Ibáñez Ivonne Pedroso , Carvajal Ana , Martínez-Martín Pablo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how a person lives with a chronic illness, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), is necessary to provide individualized care and professionals role in person-centered care at clinical and community levels is paramount. The present study was aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Living with Chronic Illness-PD Scale (EC-PC) in a wide Spanish-speaking population with PD. International cross-sectional study with retest was carried out with 324 patients from four Latin American countries and Spain. Feasibility, acceptability, scaling assumptions, reliability, precision, and construct validity were tested. The study included 324 patients, with age (mean±s.d.) 66.67±10.68 years. None of the EC-PC items had missing values and all acceptability parameters fulfilled the standard criteria. Around two-third of the items (61.54%) met scaling assumptions standards. Concerning internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.68–0.88; item-total correlation was >0.30, except for two items; item homogeneity index was >0.30, and inter-item correlation values 0.14–0.76. Intraclass correlation coefficient for EC-PC stability was 0.76 and standard error of measurement (s.e.m.) for precision was 8.60 (for a EC-PC s.d.=18.57). EC-PC presented strong correlation with social support (rS=0.61) and moderate correlation with life satisfaction (rS=0.46). Weak and negligible correlations were found with the other scales. Internal validity correlations ranged from 0.46 to 0.78. EC-PC total scores were significantly different for each severity level based on Hoehn and Yahr and Clinical Impression of Severity Index, but not for Patient Global Impression of Severity. The EC-PC has satisfactory acceptability, reliability, precision, and validity to evaluate living with PD.