bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and Role of Indirect and Post-Discharge Surveillance in Predicting Surgical Site Infection in Surgical Patients: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Inamdar Padmanabh , Inamdar Dhanashree P. , Hota Prasan Kumar , Avinash Yakkali , Fothedar Pravalika , Basavaraju Anuradha , Reddy Bathina Nikhil , Reddy Naru Sabarinatha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance is a process of observing and reporting of infections following surgery. SSI surveillance studies are few in our country.

Objectives:
Present study was conducted to know the perception and role of SSI surveillance. Incidence of surgical site infection, identification of risk factors and bacterial spectrum of surgical wounds during surveillance were also studied.

Methods:
Patients who underwent a surgical procedure between July 2022 and June 2023 at our hospital were included. A prospective incidence surveillance for SSI was done to look for any signs of infection and record them in the surveillance form. Wound swabs or pus aspirates were sent for microbiological culture.

Results:
A total of 2312 patients underwent surgery during the study period, of whom 61 patients were diagnosed with SSI. The incidence of SSI was 2.6%. SSI was encountered more in female patients (57.3%). Age distribution had a significant association with SSI (P = 0.025). Most operative wounds were clean-contaminated (45.9%). Most SSIs were superficial (91.8%), followed by deep (8.2%). Most patients who developed SSI had a National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) patient risk index of 2 (45.9%). Bacterial growth was observed in 45.9% of cases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) among these isolates was 42.6%.

Conclusion:
This study helped to determine predictors of SSI like duration of surgery, type of wound, duration of hospital stays, and NNIS risk index. MDR isolates are now contributing to SSI. The perception of healthcare workers about SSI surveillance was that it was feasible to use and practice. Surveillance helped clinicians to strengthen the existing infection prevention and control practices for the future.
A Rare Case of External Jugular Vein Aneurysm Mimicking Branchial Cyst in a Nigerian Child
Authors: Ugwu Jideofor Okechukwu , Raymond Udoka Victor , Igwilo Innocent Ogundu , Ugwu Nwanneka Ogechukwu , Ifeanyi Emmanuel Samuel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
An aneurysm of the external jugular vein is exceptionally rare. Its occurrence in children could present diagnostic challenges due to numerous potential differential diagnoses, including anomalies such as branchial cysts.

Objective:
This study aims to emphasize the necessity of raising suspicion for jugular venous aneurysms in children with cystic neck masses.

Case Summary:
We report an 18-month-old boy with a left-sided neck swelling persisting for 10 months. The swelling was cystic and increased in size during straining or crying. A preoperative diagnosis of a branchial cyst was made but was inconsistent with intraoperative findings, where a venous aneurysm was diagnosed. Ligation and excision were performed without sequelae.

Conclusion:
External jugular venous aneurysms, though rare, should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in case of lateral neck swellings, especially if they demonstrate compressibility with an increase in size on Valsalva maneuvers. Simple ligation and excision are curative measures.
Perforated Peptic Ulcer in Lagos. Risk Factors and Management Outcome
Authors: Balogun Olanrewaju Samuel , Afolayan Michael O. , Lawal AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga , Osinowo Adedapo Olumide , Olajide Thomas Olagboyega , Makanjuola Ayomide , Adesanya Adedoyin Adekunle , Atoyebi Oluwole Ayoola 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Complications of peptic ulcers, such as bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction, and perforation, can be life-threatening and may require surgical intervention. Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) presents mostly as a surgical emergency and is one of the leading causes of secondary peritonitis with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical outcome of surgical treatment of peptic ulcers varies due to the varying patterns of presentations and interventions between countries. There are few documented series on PPU in Nigeria. This paper reviews the management outcome of PPU in our institution.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of the available medical records of patients managed for PPU between February 2008 and February 2023 was conducted. All patients had a single anterior peptic ulcer perforation managed by a modified Graham’s patch. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:
There were 107 PPU patients comprising 93 males and 14 females. The mean age of all patients was 41 years. The peak prevalence of PPU was found among patients aged 30–39 years. Delayed presentation was recorded in about half of the patients. Ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was the most common risk factor for PPU. Among the 93 documented cases, perforated gastric ulcers (71 cases) were found in a much higher proportion than duodenal ulcers (22 cases). Large ulcer (10–30 mm) was the main perforation size category found in 47 out of 83 recorded PPU cases. PPU size was not associated with the incidence of complications or mortality. The median duration of hospital stays was 13 (1–19) days. Surgical site infection was the most common complication after surgery.

Conclusion:
PPU is present in our predominantly male patients in their fourth decade of life. Ingestion of NSAIDs is a major risk factor. Duodenal ulcers were the predominant type seen in our patients. Documented perforated ulcer sizes in our patients are predominantly in the large category. Surgical site infection, systemic sepsis, and superficial wound infection were major complications in our patients.
A study correlating clinical severity and outcomes in ischemic cerebrovascular stroke patients with blood sugar levels on admission
Authors: Kasundra Ankit B. , Kakadiya Chintan M. , Vipul Srivastav , Dipika Patel , Maulik Prajapati , Kamalchandra Naik , Mohnish Patel , Kakadiya Jay , Patel Pritesh 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hyperglycemia occurs in 60% of the cases with acute stroke. The presence of hyperglycemia, regardless of previous history of diabetes, is associated with increased stroke severity and poorer outcome.

AIM:
The aim of this study was to correlate blood sugar levels on hospital admission with the severity and outcome in patients of ischemic cerebrovascular (CV) stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All patients presenting with a history suggestive of acute ischemic CV stroke to the emergency department within 24 hours of onset were included in the study. Patients were followed up for the duration of their hospital stay and the improvement or worsening of their condition was documented by various scores.

RESULTS:
The group with diabetes mellitus (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (SH) had a lesser improvement of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score when evaluated on day 10 from baseline (day 0) as compared to the euglycemia group, with SH having poorer outcome than the diabetes group.

CONCLUSION:
SH and DM were significant predictors of poorer functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic CV stroke.
Study of organ system involvement in severe dengue fever cases admitted to a tertiary health care center
Authors: Kakadiya Gopi S. , Patel Pritesh G. , Vipul Srivastav , Kamal Naik , Dipika Patel , Mohnish Patel , Chintan Kakadiya , Maulik Prajapati 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Dengue, a febrile Flavivirus illness transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is endemic in Asia, the Pacific, Africa, and America and causes about 100 million clinically apparent infections annually. Although mostly it causes a fever and myalgia syndrome, some of the patients enter a critical phase - often as fever declines and develop the features of severe dengue fever: bleeding, shock, or respiratory distress due to plasma leakage or atypically, severe organ dysfunction.

AIM:
The aim of this study was to study the clinical profile of severe dengue fever cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All adult patients who were admitted for or developed severe dengue fever during their stay in the medicine wards/intensive care unit of our tertiary care hospital in 2020–2021 were included and studied.

RESULTS:
Severe dengue fever had a predilection for young males in the 18–30 years age category. The spectrum of complications included serositis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hypotensive shock, hepatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, and encephalopathy. The organ systems involved, in the order of frequency, were the coagulation system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and renal and central nervous system.

CONCLUSION:
Besides the well-known hemorrhagic and plasma leakage complications, other organs such as liver, lung, renal, and brain are also affected in a significant number of severe dengue fever cases.
Etude comparative de la flore ligneuse de trois sites de conservation ex situ de flore dans la région de Dakar et de Thiès (Sénégal)
Authors: Pene Ibrahima , Camara Abdoul Aziz , Diop Doudou , Sambou Bienvenu , Noba Kandioura 
Published: September 2024

L’homme a toujours pu compter sur la nature pour subvenir à ses besoins de base. Occasionnent ainsi des pressions de plus en plus importantes. Aujourd’hui le constat est général ; il y’a une réduction alarmante de la diversité des écosystèmes de la flore animale et végétale. Au Sénégal, ces facteurs sont accentués par la sécheresse. Pour Pallier cette perte de la biodiversité, au Sénégal, des stratégies de conservation ont été mis en place par l’Etat du Sénégal mais aussi des initiatives privées de conservation de la flore ont vu le jour, des stratégies de conservation ont été mis en place par l’Etat du Sénégal mais aussi des initiatives privées de conservation de la biodiversité. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la flore ligneuse de trois sites de conservation ex situ. La méthodologie utilisée a été celle l’inventaire itinérant qui consiste à parcourir le jardin dans toutes les directions pour répertorier toutes les espèces ligneuses. Cette méthodologie a permis de recenser 270 espèces réparties entre 178 genres et 62 familles. L’analyse a montré que les Phanérophytes sont largement représentés et constituent 93,73% des espèces. Cette flore est dominée par les Fabaceae (20,66%) suivi des Euphorbiaceae (5,90%), et ensuite les Moraceae (5,54%), L’ensemble des sites était constitué majoritairement d’espèces africaines (34,69%) suivi d’espèces afro-asiatiques (18,82%) et une faible représentation des espèces Cosmopolites (1,48%). L’analyse des indices de similitudes a montré que les conservatoires Safina Parc et Keur Massar sont floristiquement plus proches que la réserve Naturelle de Noflaye.
Biochemical characterization, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of <i>Zygophyllum geslini</i> Coss extracts
Authors: Touaibia Meriem , Dhoha Abdellali 
Published: September 2024

Zygophyllum geslini Coss. is a medicinal plant growing wild in the northern Sahara of Algeria, belonging to Zygophyllaceae family. The objective of this study was to evaluate some biochemical properties of the aqueous lyophilized extract and the methanol leaf extracts of this plant, their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were also tested. The content of total phenols, flavonoids and tannins detected in the methanol extract (183.22 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g Dry Extract, 101.13±0.02 mg Quercetin equivalent /g Dry Extract, 54.07±0.98 mg Tannic acid equivalent/g Dry Extract respectively) was higher than those detected in aqueous lyophilized extract. The best DPPH scavenging activity was found in the methanol extract followed by the aqueous lyophilized extract (IC50=65.36 and 67.44 µg/ml, respectively), but still less effective than the positive controls. This two extracts showed also a very good ferric reducing activity. In addition, animals treated with the methanol extract showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin. A significant increase was observed in serum insulin and liver glycogen levels. This study reveals that the methanol extract of Z. geslini can be considered as excellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.
ICP-MS determination of iron, zinc and others minerals bioaccessibility and their potential contribution in <i>Moringa oleifera Lam</i> leaf powder from Senegal
Authors: Diop Maty , Ndiaye Cheikh , Sene Abdoulaye , Diouf Abdou , Dieme Eliasse , Traore Djibril , Gaye Mohamed Lamine 
Published: September 2024

Moringa oleifera is an edible tree whose leaf powder is increasingly used as the main source of iron and other minerals such as zinc, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium. The objective of this present work was to determine the bioaccessibility of these minerals and their potentials contribution in Moringa oleifera Lam leaf powder (Mlp) from Senegal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP- AES). Minerals experiments were done in duplicate and analyzed twice. Bioaccessibility experiments were done in duplicate with three times for intestinal stage (each stage was performed two times). Mlp sample had the following mineral contents: iron (42.8 ± 2.97 mg/100g), zinc (1.88 ± 0.024 mg/100g), magnesium (506.28 ± 3.45 mg/100g), phosphorus (317.3 ± 2.04 mg/100g) and calcium (2273.39 ± 17.72 mg/100g). Mineral bioaccessibility (percentage) were respectively 9.04 ± 0.038, 66.32 ± 2.065, 87.64 ± 0.346, 69.44 ± 0.200 and 55.44 ± 0.316% for Fe, Zn, Mg, P and Ca. The total amount of bioaccessible minerals were respectively 3.87 ± 0.016, 1.25 ± 0.039, 443.71 ± 1.752, 220.34 ± 0.635, 1260.46 ± 7.176 mg/100g for Fe, Zn, Mg, P and Ca. These results show that Mlp is an excellent source of minerals except iron whose bioaccessibility is very low; they can well be used by target cells. A daily consumption of moringa leaf powder divided into number of intakes during the day can provide the required amount of mineral.
Assessment of the immuno-nutritional status of malnoutrished people living with HIV at ‘‘Notre Dame des Apôtres’’ hospital in Sarh/Chad
Authors: Sacramento Isabelle , Soudonou Odile , Anani Parfait Yawo , Kinsou Lysette , Sezan Alphonse , Ategbo Jean Marc 
Published: September 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to immune deficiency, reduced nutrient absorption, and malnutrition. Malnutrition also affects the immune system and contributes to the progression of HIV. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the immuno-nutritional state of malnourished people living with HIV/AIDS followed at the Notre Dame des Apôtres Hospital in Sarh/Chad. For this we performed the assay of biochemical parameters including total proteins, transaminases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was done 36 malnourished subjects living with HIV/AIDS aged at least 18 years at the People Living with HIV (PLHIV) service were identified during this study. The sample population was dominated by the female sex with 75% of cases, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.33. The most represented age group was 18 to 40 years old with 47.22%. The results obtained showed that 52.94% of the samples had a level below the standard in total proteins, 100% of the samples analyzed showed a level extremely higher than the standard in ASAT, ALT and alkaline phosphatase and 60% of individuals presented a higher level of IgE. From these results it could be concluded that malnutrition and HIV lead to an immuno-nutritional deficit giving way to other opportunistic infections.
Teaching climate change through creative drama: The Lady Victoria Academy Secondary School, Makurdi experience
Authors: Asen Marcellinus Aondohemba , Aji Jacob Akura , Akombor Joyce Mgusuur 
Published: September 2024

This paper advocates for the adoption of creative drama in teaching climate change in postprimary schools in Nigeria. This is predicated on the fact that beyond natural climate change, human activities have adversely affected the earth, thereby causing anthropogenic climate change. It is imperative to bequeath the knowledge of climate change to students of postprimary school level of education in a graphic manner that is capable of propelling them to lead the campaign against anthropogenic climate change and take steps that will halt it. The article is anchored in Cognitivism Theory (CT). Using the qualitative method of research, the researchers identified the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) to make electricity and power vehicles, clearing forests for farms and cities, and cultivating of livestock, among others, as some of the human activities that release “greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere; which, depending on the intensity, cause climate change. Through a creative drama titled, “Earth to Someone,” the researchers engaged and taught students of Lady Victoria Academy Secondary School, Makurdi (LVASSM), on the subject of climate change, especially as it concerns the role of humanity in causing or averting climate change issues. From the creative drama experience with students of LVASSM, the paper submits that students’ understanding of climate change and its impact on the earth is better enhanced if they participate in the learning process. The students affirmed that the understand the subject better with creative drama than when they were taught theoretically in class. The conclusion reached is that the adoption of creative drama in teaching climate change is very suitable because of its participatory approach which enhances a natural and graphic approach to learning. It is recommended, therefore, that teachers of geography, basic and agricultural sciences, among others, should synergize with theatre artists to practicalize the teaching of climate change for effective teaching and learning and attitudinal change of students towards the environment.
Impact of Organizational Culture on Information Security Policy Compliance
Authors: Ejigu Kibrom , Siponen Mikko , Muluneh Tilahun 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to explore how organizational culture affects employee compliance with information security policies. To accomplish this goal, the authors developed a theoretical model and collected survey data from employees who work in organizations that have information security policies. We employed a quantitative survey research approach. We conducted our study at the commercial bank of Ethiopia (CBE). The collected data was analysed using analysis of moment structures (Cardoso and Ramos) software. The findings show that organizational culture significantly affects employee compliance with information security policies. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of considering the dominant organizational culture when trying to embed an information security policy. The contribution of this study lies in providing empirical evidence of the influence of organizational culture on information security compliance. To limit the scope of the study, the sample used in this research focuses only on organizational factors in Ethiopia. It is recommended that future studies be conducted in other countries to validate the results and ensure the generalizability of the findings. Practically speaking, creating a culture that supports information security practices is crucial for organizations, as technical and management measures alone cannot fully address the human aspect of information security. To better understand and enhance organizational behaviour regarding information security, companies should examine their organizational culture and how it impacts the effectiveness of implementing information security policies.
Theoretical Investigation of Thermoluminescence in the Presence of Thermally Disconnected Deep Traps
Authors: Gemechu Nebiyu , Abebe Tamirat , Shogile Kebede , H/Mariam Solomon , Addisu Shimelis 
Published: September 2024

Thermoluminescence (TL) phenomenon is theoretically investigated using two active electron traps and one recombination center. The presence of one and two thermally disconnected deep traps (TDDTs) is taken in to account. The rate equations corresponding to this model are clearly formulated and the results are obtained using MTHEMATICA code. In particular, the variation of concentration of electrons in the active and thermally disconnected deep traps and the TL intensity are generated for various TL kinetic parameters such as activation energy and the frequency factor. The results show that the concentration of electrons in the active electron traps decrease with temperature while that in the TDDTs increase with temperature and approaches a constant. The generated TL glow curve (for E1 = 0.9 eV and E2 = 1 eV ) has two maxima. However, one broad glow curve with only one maximum is obtained when E1 and E2 are closer to each other. The profiles of the TL glow curves and the variation of concentration of electrons in the conduction band are the same except for their intensity.
Perioperative anaesthetic management of a patient with single ventricle undergoing mastoidectomy
Authors: Mohamed Ehssan , Helali Mazin A. , Mohamed Emad A. , Mohamed Wehaj A. 
Published: September 2024

Patients with single ventricles undergoing non-cardiac surgery have a higher incidence of perioperative complications. Factors associated with the most significant risk are the complexity of cardiac disease and the patient’s physiological status. We here describe the anaesthetic management and pathophysiological considerations of an 18-year-old male with a single ventricle undergoing elective mastoidectomy. Comprehensive and multidisciplinary perioperative care is mandatory for optimal management. The patient had a history of previous cardiac surgeries for his cardiac condition and presented for elective mastoidectomy due to chronic suppurative otitis media. Preoperative assessment revealed a satisfactory general condition with peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo2) of 90-92% on room air. Cardiovascular evaluation showed weak S1 and S2 heart sounds and a faint systolic murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border. Echocardiography indicated a common ventricle with a small left atrium and significant tricuspid regurgitation. Long term medications included carbamazepine, warfarin, and aspirin. Comprehensive perioperative care, including meticulous preoperative assessment, tailored intraoperative management, and appropriate postoperative monitoring is crucial for patients with single ventricles undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Specialized centres equipped to manage high-risk cases are recommended to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.