bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF TIRE DEBRIS ON TIRE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Morris Michael D. , Kossyrev Pavel A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
A large number of wear debris particles can be found on the tread surface at any time during normal tire operation. In highly accelerated lab tests, it has been shown that wet friction is decreased by the buildup of debris, and the level of friction can be increased when debris is effectively removed from the interface. In wet traction tests on the road, it has been shown that when tires are cleaned from debris, a higher braking force coefficient in straight-ahead braking on wet asphalt is achieved, compared with the same tires that were not cleaned from debris prior to tests. This was observed for both carbon black– and silica-filled tread compounds. It has also been shown that laboratory wear rate can be increased by effective removal of debris. We propose that the presence of tread-wear debris on the tread surface in dry operating conditions would be beneficial for abrasion resistance and, on the other hand, debris removal from the tread surface in wet operating conditions would be beneficial for wet skid resistance.
EPDM RUBBER PLASTICIZED WITH POLYMERIC SOYBEAN OIL OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
Authors: Petrović Zoran S. , Milić Jelena , Ionescu Mihail , Halladay James R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPolymerization of soybean oil produces higher-viscosity liquids, which may serve as processing aids and plasticizers in certain rubbers as a replacement of petrochemical oils. Four polymerized soybean oils of different molecular weights showed good compatibility with ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM), but because of the presence of double bonds and copolymerization with EPDM, they decreased the cross-linking density when compared with paraffinic extender oil. As a consequence, polymeric soybean oils reduced tensile strength and modulus but increased elongation, tear strength, and compression set. Higher-molecular-weight plasticizers are expected to reduce sweating out of oils. Pure soybean oil was not completely compatible at the concentration tested, but it showed a strong plasticizing effect; dramatically lowered tensile strength, tear strength, and modulus; and increased elongation and compression set. No clear effect of molecular weight of polymerized soybean oils on properties was observed, but increasing the sulfur content was found to be beneficial. Using polymeric vegetable oils instead of petrochemical extenders in EPDM rubbers is economical and environmentally desirable, but the curing system requires optimization to accommodate loss of cross-linking density.
ISOBUTYLENE-RICH IMIDAZOLIUM IONOMERS: INFLUENCE OF ION-PAIR DISTRIBUTION AND COUNTER-ANION STRUCTURE
Authors: Ozvald Adam A. , Klezcek Monika R. , Rodrigo Antonio C. , Parent J. Scott 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
New chemistry for overcoming the limitations of nonpolar elastomers is detailed, with particular emphasis on improving interfacial adhesion and the intensity of polymer–filler interactions. The chemical modification of brominated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) and brominated poly(isobutylene-co-para-methyl styrene) is used to introduce small amounts of imidazolium bromide functionality. Unlike conventional isobutylene-rich elastomers, ionomer derivatives bearing vinylimidazolium bromide groups are peroxide curable. The ultimate cross-link density, along with accompanying thermoset properties, can be tailored by changing the amount and distribution of N-vinylimidazolium and N-butylimidazolium functionality. Moreover, the counteranion can be exchanged from bromide to sulfonate or vinylsulfonate to further optimize adhesive, tensile, and stress relaxation properties. Bromide exchange anionic montmorillonite clay platelets can yield thermoset ionomer nanocomposites with a high degree of reinforcement despite a relatively low filler loading.
Prevalence of Unrounded Medication Doses and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jones Aubrey N. , Miller Jamie L. , Neely Stephen , Ibach Bethany W. , Hagemann Tracy M. , Golding Charles L. , Lewis Teresa V. , Peek Leigh A. , Johnson Peter N. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with unrounded doses ordered via a computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) system among children during a 1-week reference period.

METHODS
This retrospective, cross-sectional study included children younger than 18 years admitted during a 7-day period. An unrounded dose was defined as an unrounded actual dose (eg, dose calculated to the tenths place for non–neonatal intensive care (non-NICU) patients and dose calculated to the hundredth place for NICU patients) or unrounded volume per dose [eg, &lt;0.1 mL for non-NICU patients and &lt;0.01 mL for NICU patients]. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the prevalence and factors associated with unrounded doses via a CPOE system with adjustment for clustering effects.

RESULTS
A total of 395 patients were admitted with 391 receiving medications. The overall prevalence of unrounded doses was 30% among the 2426 doses administered. Patients on the NICU team had the highest prevalence of unrounded doses. The odds of an unrounded dose were 4% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.98) lower with each additional kilogram increase in weight after controlling for age, route, scheduled versus as-needed administration, and cluster effects.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of unrounded doses was higher than in previous studies. It was higher in smaller children after controlling for age, medication-related variables, and clustering. Future studies should focus on the role of CPOE in preventing unrounded and unmeasurable doses and if these strategies affect clinical outcomes (eg, adverse drug events).
Decadal Modulation of Repeating Slow Slip Event Activity in the Southwestern Ryukyu Arc Possibly Driven by Rifting Episodes at the Okinawa Trough
Authors: Tu Yoko , Heki Kosuke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe studied 38 slow slip events (SSEs) in 1997–2016 beneath the Iriomote Island, southwestern Ryukyu Arc, Japan, using continuous Global Navigation Satellite Systems data. These SSEs occur biannually on the same fault patch at a depth of ~30 km on the subducting Philippine Sea Plate slab with average moment magnitudes (Mw) of ~6.6. Here we show that the slip accumulation rate (cumulative slip/lapse time) of these SSEs fluctuated over a decadal time scale. The rate increased twice around 2002 and 2013 concurrently with earthquake swarms in the Okinawa Trough. This suggests that episodic activations of the back‐arc spreading at the Okinawa Trough caused extra southward movement of the block south of the trough and accelerated convergence at the Ryukyu Trench.
Interannual Variability of Methane and Nitrous Oxide in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Wilson Samuel T. , Ferrón Sara , Karl David M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe temporal variability of two important greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), is reported for the upper water column at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measured concentrations of N2O conform to predicted values with an increase in saturation during the summer period. In contrast, CH4 is less predictable and shows an approximate 2 year transition from a state of oversaturation in surface waters to equilibrium values in 2015, implying a change in net CH4 production. The decrease in CH4 followed on from fluctuations in phosphate concentrations supporting the hypothesized link between microbial metabolism of phosphorus and the global biogeochemical cycle of CH4. At this current time, future trends in the net CH4 production in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre are uncertain and specifically whether the surface ocean will be a net source or sink for CH4.
Nanoscale Roughness of Natural Fault Surfaces Controlled by Scale‐Dependent Yield Strength
Authors: Thom C. A. , Brodsky E. E. , Carpick R. W. , Pharr G. M. , Oliver W. C. , Goldsby D. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany natural fault surfaces exhibit remarkably similar scale‐dependent roughness, which may reflect the scale‐dependent yield strength of rocks. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we show that a sample of the Corona Heights Fault exhibits isotropic surface roughness well‐described by a power law, with a Hurst exponent of 0.75 +/− 0.05 at all wavelengths from 60 nm to 10 μm. The roughness data and a recently proposed theoretical framework predict that yield strength varies with length scale as λ‐0.25+/−0.05. Nanoindentation tests on the Corona Heights sample and another fault sample whose topography was previously measured with AFM (the Yair Fault) reveal a scale‐dependent yield stress with power‐law exponents of −0.12 +/− 0.06 and −0.18 +/− 0.08, respectively. These values are within one to two standard deviations of the predicted value, and provide experimental evidence that fault roughness is controlled by intrinsic material properties, which produces a characteristic surface geometry.
Living Bioelectronics: Strategies for Developing an Effective Long‐Term Implant with Functional Neural Connections
Authors: Goding Josef A. , Gilmour Aaron D. , Aregueta‐Robles Ulises A. , Hasan Erol A. , Green Rylie A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExisting bionic implants use metal electrodes, which have low charge transfer capacity and poor tissue integration. This limits their use in next‐generation, high resolution devices. Coating and other modification techniques have been explored to improve the performance of metal electrodes. While this has enabled increased charge transfer properties and integration of biologically responsive components, stable long term performance remains a significant challenge. This progress report provides a background on electrode modification techniques, exploring state‐of‐the art approaches to improving implantable electrodes. The new frontier of cell‐based electronics, is introduced detailing approaches that use tissue engineering principles applied to bionic devices. These living bioelectronic technologies aim to enable devices to grow into target tissues, creating direct neural connections. Ideally, this approach will create a paradigm shift in biomedical electrode design. Rather than relying on unwieldy metal electrodes and direct current injection, living bioelectronics will use cells embedded within devices to provide communication through synaptic connections. This report details the challenge of designing electrodes that can bridge the technology gap between conventional metal electrode interfaces and new living electrodes through considering electrical, chemical, physical and biological characteristics.
Layered Simple Hydroxides Functionalized by Fluorene‐Phosphonic Acids: Synthesis, Interface Theoretical Insights, and Magnetoelectric Effect
Authors: Evrard Quentin , Chaker Ziyad , Roger Mélissa , Sevrain Charlotte M. , Delahaye Emilie , Gallart Mathieu , Gilliot Pierre , Leuvrey Cédric , Rueff Jean‐Michel , Rabu Pierre , Massobrio Carlo , Boero Mauro , Pautrat Alain , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain , Ori Guido , Rogez Guillaume 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCopper‐ and cobalt‐based layered simple hydroxides (LSH) are successfully functionalized by a series of fluorene mono‐ and diphosphonic acids, using anionic exchange reactions and a preintercalation strategy. The lateral functionalization of the fluorene moieties has only little impact on the overall structure of the obtained layered hybrid materials but it influences the organization of the molecules within the interlamellar spacing. For bulky fluorene (9,9‐dioctyl derivative), luminescence is preserved when inserted into copper and cobalt hydroxydes, whereas it is completely quenched for the other fluorenes. Detailed characterization of the internal structure and chemical bonding properties for copper‐ and cobalt‐based hybrids is performed via ancillary experimental techniques. For the copper‐based LSH class, for which more elusive findings are found, first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations unravel the fundamental stabilizing role of the H‐bonding network promoted within the local environments of the fluorene mono‐ and diphosphonic acids. The cobalt series of compounds constitute a new class of hybrid magnets, with ordering temperatures ranging from 11.8 to 17.8 K and show a clear magnetoelectric effect. This effect appears above a threshold magnetic field, which is null below the magnetic ordering temperature, and it persists in the paramagnetic regime till about 110 K.
Nanodroplet‐Containing Polymers for Efficient Low‐Power Light Upconversion
Authors: Vadrucci Roberto , Monguzzi Angelo , Saenz Felipe , Wilts Bodo D. , Simon Yoan C. , Weder Christoph 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSensitized triplet–triplet‐annihilation‐based photon upconversion (TTA‐UC) permits the conversion of light into radiation of higher energy and involves a sequence of photophysical processes between two dyes. In contrast to other upconversion schemes, TTA‐UC allows the frequency shifting of low‐intensity light, which makes it particularly suitable for solar‐energy harvesting technologies. High upconversion yields can be observed for low viscosity solutions of dyes; but, in solid materials, which are better suited for integration in devices, the process is usually less efficient. Here, it is shown that this problem can be solved by using transparent nanodroplet‐containing polymers that consist of a continuous polymer matrix and a dispersed liquid phase containing the upconverting dyes. These materials can be accessed by a simple one‐step procedure that involves the free‐radical polymerization of a microemulsion of hydrophilic monomers, a lipophilic solvent, the upconverting dyes, and a surfactant. Several glassy and rubbery materials are explored and a range of dyes that enable TTA‐UC in different spectral regions are utilized. The materials display upconversion efficiencies of up to ≈15%, approaching the performance of optimized oxygen‐free reference solutions. The data suggest that the matrix not only serves as mechanically coherent carrier for the upconverting liquid phase, but also provides good protection from atmospheric oxygen.
Polar‐Electrode‐Bridged Electroluminescent Displays: 2D Sensors Remotely Communicating Optically
Authors: Xu Xiuru , Hu Dan , Yan Lijia , Fang Shaoli , Shen Clifton , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Lin Yuan , Haines Carter S. , Li Na , Zakhidov Anvar A. , Meng Hong , Baughman Ray H. , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel geometry for electroluminescent devices, which does not require transparent electrodes for electrical input, is demonstrated, theoretically analyzed, and experimentally characterized. Instead of emitting light through a conventional electrode, light emission occurs through a polar liquid or solid and input electrical electrodes are coplanar, rather than stacked in a sandwich configuration. This new device concept is scalable and easily deployed for a range of modular alternating‐current‐powered electroluminescent light sources and light‐emitting sensing devices. The polar‐electrode‐bridged electroluminescent displays can be used as remotely readable, spatially responsive sensors that emit light in response to the accumulation and distribution of materials on the device surface. Using this device structure, various types of alternating current devices are demonstrated. These include an umbrella that automatically lights up when it rains, a display that emits light from regions touched by human fingers (or painted upon using a mixture of oil and water), and a sensor that lights up differently in different areas to indicate the presence of water and its freezing. This study extends the dual‐stack, coplanar‐electrode device geometry to provide displays that emit light from a figure drawn on an electroluminescent panel using a graphite pencil.
Tailoring Semiconductor Lateral Multijunctions for Giant Photoconductivity Enhancement
Authors: Tsai Yutsung , Chu Zhaodong , Han Yimo , Chuu Chih‐Piao , Wu Di , Johnson Alex , Cheng Fei , Chou Mei‐Yin , Muller David A. , Li Xiaoqin , Lai Keji , Shih Chih‐Kang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSemiconductor heterostructures have played a critical role as the enabler for new science and technology. The emergence of transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as atomically thin semiconductors has opened new frontiers in semiconductor heterostructures either by stacking different TMDs to form vertical heterojunctions or by stitching them laterally to form lateral heterojunctions via direct growth. In conventional semiconductor heterostructures, the design of multijunctions is critical to achieve carrier confinement. Analogously, successful synthesis of a monolayer WS2/WS2(1−x)Se2x/WS2 multijunction lateral heterostructure via direct growth by chemical vapor deposition is reported. The grown structures are characterized by Raman, photoluminescence, and annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy to determine their lateral compositional profile. More importantly, using microwave impedance microscopy, it is demonstrated that the local photoconductivity in the alloy region can be tailored and enhanced by two orders of magnitude over pure WS2. Finite element analysis confirms that this effect is due to the carrier diffusion and confinement into the alloy region. This work exemplifies the technological potential of atomically thin lateral heterostructures in optoelectronic applications.
A nationwide survey of hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (a multicenter retrospective study)
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Nannya Yasuhito , Ichikawa Motoshi , Oritani Kenji , Kanakura Yuzuru , Tomita Akihiro , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Kobune Masayoshi , Kato Junji , Kawabata Hiroshi , Shindo Motohiro , Torimoto Yoshihiro , Yonemura Yuji , Hanaoka Nobuyoshi , Nakakuma Hideki , Hasegawa Daisuke , Manabe Atsushi , Fujishima Naohito , Fujii Nobuharu , Tanimoto Mitsune , Morita Yasuyoshi , Matsuda Akira , Fujieda Atsushi , Katayama Naoyuki , Ohashi Haruhiko , Nagai Hirokazu , Terada Yoshiki , Hino Masayuki , Sato Ken , Obara Naoshi , Chiba Shigeru , Usuki Kensuke , Ohta Masatsugu , Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko , Takaku Tomoiku , Komatsu Norio , Kitanaka Akira , Shimoda Kazuya , Watanabe Kenichiro , Tohyama Kaoru , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi , Harigae Hideo , Arai Shunya , Miyazaki Yasushi , Ozawa Keiya , Kurokawa Mineo ,   for National Research Group on Idiopathic Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
Published: September 2017

AbstractHypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (hMDS) is a distinct entity with bone marrow (BM) hypocellularity and the risk of death from BM failure (BMF). To elucidate the characteristics of hMDS, the data of 129 patients diagnosed between April 2003 and March 2012 were collected from 20 institutions and the central review team of the National Research Group on Idiopathic Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, and compared with 115 non‐hMDS patients. More RA and fewer CMMoL and RAEB‐t in French‐American‐British (FAB) and more RCUD and MDS‐U and fewer RCMD in World Health Organization (WHO) classifications were found in hMDS than non‐hMDS with significant differences. The overall survival (OS) and AML progression‐free survival (AML‐PFS) of hMDS were higher than those of non‐hMDS, especially in patients at age ≥50 and of lower risk in Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R). In competing risks analysis, hMDS exhibited decreased risk of AML‐progression in lower IPSS or IPSS‐R risk patients, and higher risk of death from BMF in patients at age ≥50. Poor performance status (PS ≥2) and high karyotype risks in IPSS‐R (high and very high) were significant risk factors of death and AML‐progression in Cox proportional hazards analysis.
Brain–heart interactions reveal consciousness in noncommunicating patients
Authors: Raimondo Federico , Rohaut Benjamin , Demertzi Athena , Valente Melanie , Engemann Denis A. , Salti Moti , Fernandez Slezak Diego , Naccache Lionel , Sitt Jacobo D. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveWe here aimed at characterizing heart–brain interactions in patients with disorders of consciousness. We tested how this information impacts data‐driven classification between unresponsive and minimally conscious patients.MethodsA cohort of 127 patients in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS; n = 70) and minimally conscious state (MCS; n = 57) were presented with the local–global auditory oddball paradigm, which distinguishes 2 levels of processing: short‐term deviation of local auditory regularities and global long‐term rule violations. In addition to previously validated markers of consciousness extracted from electroencephalograms (EEG), we computed autonomic cardiac markers, such as heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV), and cardiac cycle phase shifts triggered by the processing of the auditory stimuli.ResultsHR and HRV were similar in patients across groups. The cardiac cycle was not sensitive to the processing of local regularities in either the VS/UWS or MCS patients. In contrast, global regularities induced a phase shift of the cardiac cycle exclusively in the MCS group. The interval between the auditory stimulation and the following R peak was significantly shortened in MCS when the auditory rule was violated. When the information for the cardiac cycle modulations and other consciousness‐related EEG markers were combined, single patient classification performance was enhanced compared to classification with solely EEG markers.InterpretationOur work shows a link between residual cognitive processing and the modulation of autonomic somatic markers. These results open a new window to evaluate patients with disorders of consciousness via the embodied paradigm, according to which body–brain functions contribute to a holistic approach to conscious processing. Ann Neurol 2017;82:578–591
Synthetic Nanosheets of Natural van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Banik Ananya , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCreation of new van der Waals heterostructures by stacking different two dimensional (2D) crystals on top of each other in a chosen sequence is the next challenge after the discovery of graphene, mono/few layer of h‐BN, and transition‐metal dichalcogenides. However, chemical syntheses of van der Waals heterostructures are rarer than the physical preparation techniques. Herein, we demonstrate the kinetic stabilization of 2D ultrathin heterostructure (ca. 1.13–2.35 nm thick) nanosheets of layered intergrowth SnBi2Te4, SnBi4Te7, and SnBi6Te10, which belong to the SnmBi2nTe3n+m homologous series, by a simple solution based synthesis. Few‐layer nanosheets exhibit ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) of 0.3–0.5 W m−1 K−1 and semiconducting electron‐transport properties with high carrier mobility.
Opposing Phase‐Segregation and Hydrogen‐Bonding Forces in Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Chen Senbin , Yan Tingzi , Fischer Matthias , Mordvinkin Anton , Saalwächter Kay , Thurn‐Albrecht Thomas , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPhase segregation between different macromolecules and specific weak interactions are the basis of molecular organization in many biological systems, which are held together by attractive hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) and dissociated by phase segregation. We report significant changes in the association behavior of covalent H‐bonds by the phase of attached polymer chains. Depending on the aggregation state, we observed either intact H‐bonds despite segregation of the phases, or macrophase separation with a larger amount of H‐bonding dissociation.