bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal Control of Fall Armyworm in Florida Sweet Corn, 1992
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Cawley B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six raised beds on 6 ft centers prepared on 17 Aug included a fertilizer bottom mix of 1000 lbs/acre of 5-16-8 and 800 lbs/acre of 19-0-19 placed in a central band at bedding. Beds were fumigated with 220 lbs/acre of methyl bromide injected every 5 inches across the bed width and sealed immediately with white-faced, black polyethylene. On 5 Oct, two seeds per hole of the cultivar ‘Florida Staysweet’ were planted in two rows 10 inches apart in the center of each bed and later thinned to one plant per space. Manzate 200 was applied weekly with a plot sprayer at 100 psi to prevent leaf blight and rust. Each of two sets of 3, 240 ft rows was divided into two blocks, 50 ft long, with 100 row ft between blocks. Each row was randomly assigned one of 2 treatments or a control water-treatment in a RCB design. Spray applications were made weekly over 8 weeks beginning 30 Oct using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer manufactured by Weed Systems, Inc., Gainesville FL. At an operating pressure of 40 psi, the first 5 applications were calibrated at a rate of 30 gpa and the last 3 at 45 gpa. The surfactant, APSA-80 (80% Alkyl Aryl Alkoxylate) was added at the rate of 0.3% to the Larvin application. Armyworm counts and damage ratings were made one day prior to the first treatment and weekly thereafter by examining the whorl and the next 2 adjacent leaves before tasseling and all ears thereafter. The following numerical ranking system was used for damage ratings: 0: no damage, 1: windowing to 10%, 2: 11-30%, 3: 31-40%, 4: 41-50%, and 5: greater than 50%. Larvae observed during field evaluations were recorded. Plots were harvested on 21 Dec and 7 Jan. All the mature ears were collected and counted and weighed. The number of damaged ears was noted and ears weighed.
Department of Entomology NYS Agric. Expt. Station Geneva, NY 14456 Thrips Control on Onions, 1994
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was located in Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms and was designed to compare labeled compounds. Treatments, replicated four times, were planted on 3 May and consisted of two rows (20 ft long) with a 5 ft buffer separating replications. Two unsprayed buffer rows were located between treatments. The plot was completely randomized. Sprays were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with 4 nozzles delivering 100 gal water/acre. A sticker (Bond) and a wetter (Silwet) were applied with all treatments at the rate of 8 ft oz/100 gal. Thrips counts were made on 10 plants/treatment/replication by direct field observation using a 10X head visor. This test was designed to determine if a weekly spray schedule of labeled compounds had any effect on yields when compared to a treatment threshold spray program of 3 thrips/leaf. Applications were initiated on 25 Aug. Only two weekly sprays and one threshold spray were applied since thrips populations did not begin to increase until late season.
Control of Aphids and Psyllids on Bell Peppers, Brighton, Co, 1992
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experiments were established in a commercial pepper field near Brighton, CO. Plots were 2-row, 15-ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Applications were made on 7, 27 Jul and 14 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 27 gpa at 30 psi. Plots were evaluated by counting all insects on 4 plants/plot.
Control of Beet Armyworm and Southern Armyworm with Biological Insecticides on Bell Pepperfall 1993
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seedlings of “Jupiter” bell peppers were transplanted on 1 Oct, 12 inches apart in single rows on raised beds covered with whitefaced polyethylene mulch and sub-surface irrigated. Beds had been prepared by fumigation with chloropicrin methyl bromide 33/67% 220 lbs/acre and fertilized with a bottom mix of 800 lbs/acre of 5-16-8 and a top mix of 1000 lbs/acre of 19-0-30. The plants were sprayed weekly with a fungicide mix of 3.0 lbs Kocide DF and 1.0 lb/acre Maneb 80 W/acre. Four 240-foot rows on 12 foot centers were used, each divided into 7 plots 33 feet long with 18 inches between plots. Six treatments and an unsprayed check were randomly assigned to each row giving 4 replications. Treatments were applied weekly starting 22 Oct following verification of pest infestation. An adjuvant, ASPA 80®, was added to each spray tank at the rate of 3 oz/100 gallon of mix. Applications were made using a 12 tank sprayer mounted on a small trailer and drawn by a 4-wheel drive Suzuki ATV equipped with a diaphragm pump operating at 80 lb/in2 powered by a gasoline engine. Spray was delivered through a single row boom utilizing 3 drops, two on the side carrying 1 or 2 Albuz ATR® “red” ceramic tipped nozzles each depending on plant size and one in the middle carrying a single nozzle for a maximum delivery rate of 35 gpa. Weekly sampling began 21 Oct (pre-treatment) and was initiated from a random start 3-5 plants from the end and continued with every other plant until 8 were sampled. Number and size of the larvae were noted and percent leaf damage to 3 leaf-size categories was estimated. Plants for harvest were selected as above and fruit of marketable size and age was harvested on 16 Dec and again on 23 Dec from the same plants. Number and weight in pounds of marketable peppers were recorded for each plot. Number and weights of culls were recorded in two separate categories: insect damaged and not insect damaged. A small number of culls from pepper weevil damage, noted during the 23 Dec harvest, was included in the general insect-damage category. Data on total numbers of beet armyworm, southern armyworm and leaf damage were subjected to an analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test in the event of a significant F value.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1994
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Gemchip’ potatoes were planted 12 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plani spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The field was treated on 7 Jun with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, Dithane at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied at 12, 19, 26 Jul, 3, 18, 26 Aug, 2 Sep, and Penncozeb at 2.0 Vol acre was applied 10 Aug. Paraquat, 1 pt/acre, was applied 8 and 21 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 12 ft alleys separating plots and 6 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots and defoliation averaged between 21 and 25.25%. Foliar applications were applied 22 Jun, 1, 12, 19 Jul, and 10 Aug with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of eggs, small (instar 1-2), large (instar 3-4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five 1-m lengths of row per plot weekly. Leafhopper nymphs and aphids were sampled by visually inspecting 5 compound leaves per plot on and after 6 Jul.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes with Dibrom, 1994
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Nottingham John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 11 Apr, ‘93. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 1, 8, 15, 23 and 28 June. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 8 Jul from 20 feet of row.
Use of Pymetrozine (CGA-215 944) to Control Potato Aphid in Tomatoes, 1994
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomatoes were planted on 26 Jul ai the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft × 5 ft row with an untreated guard row between plots; replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Treatments were applied 27 Sep with a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Silwet L77 was added to each treatment. Evaluation criteria consisted of potato aphid counts on 5 randomly chosen compound leaves/plot.
Western Bean Cutworm Control with Karate (Lambda-Cyhalothrin) in Dry Bean, 1994
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Beans were planted 3 Jun and furrow irrigated. The soil type was Portneul silt loam. Three treatments of Karate, one treatment of Asana (as a local standard) and one untreated check were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows (22 inch row spacing) wide by 40 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating plots. Western bean cutworm egg masses were collected on leaf segments 13 Jul from commercial corn fields near Filer, Idaho to augment the natural population. Approximately 200 eggs per plot were applied on 19 Jul and again on 22 Jul by stapling leaf segments containing egg masses to a leaf at the middle of the main stem on randomly selected plants in the center two plot rows. All treatments were applied on 1 Aug. Application coincided with the local treatment recommendation based on light trap counts. A broadcast spray was applied with a backpack CO2 sprayer at a rate of 10 gal per acre (30 psi, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On 25 Aug, 250 pods were collected from each of the center two plot rows. These pods were inspected for percentage damage. Damaged pods were examined for no. of damaged beans per pod. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and LSD.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Navy Beans, 1994
Authors: Haas Mike , Landis Doug 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was established 1 Jun at the Saginaw Valley Beet and Bean Research Farm in Saginaw, MI. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft long on 30 inch centers. Liquid materials were applied broadcast at the PLH threshold level of 1 per trifoliate. Threshold determination was accomplished by visual inspection of the number of adults and nymphs on 10 trifoliates randomly selected from plants in the center 2 rows of 10 untreated plots. After foliar treatments were applied, PLH counts were taken from 10 trifoliates in the center 2 rows of each plot 7 and 14 DAT. When PLH again reached the threshold level, a 2nd foliar application was made. At-threshold foliar applications were made 17 Jun and 11 Jul. Yield was taken from 17.4 ft in the center 2 rows of each plot. Beans were harvested 19 Aug.
Second Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1994
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. , Wildman L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a furrow-irrigated corn field at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, Finney County, KS. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows, (10 ft) wide and 50 ft long, with a 4 row border of untreated corn on each side and a 10 ft alley at each end. The single application was made on 28 or 29 Jul, while the double corn borer treatments were made on 22 Jul and 1 Aug. The simulated chemigation applications of insecticides were made using 3 Delavan 100/140, % inch raindrop nozzles mounted on a high clearance sprayer at tassel height between rows. This system was calibrated to deliver the equivalent of 0.21 in irrigation on the 2 center rows (5730 gal/acre). The standard insecticide treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer using a 10 ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directed at the top and one on each side of the row on 16-inch drop hoses directed towards the ear zone). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 2 mph and 40 psi. The granular applications were made with electric Gandy® boxes mounted on the high-clearance sprayer using a 7 inch bander directed over each row. Corn borer control was evaluated by dissecting 15 plants per plot between 23 and 30 Sep to determine the number of corn borer larvae and length of tunneling per plant. Grain yield was determined by machine harvesting the two center rows in each plot and correcting to 15.5% moisture.
Corn Rootworm Granular Insecticide Performance, No Till Vs Tilled, 1994
Authors: Jarvi Keith , Echtenkamp Jerry , Witkowski John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test plot was planted on 4 May. Banded (7 inch) and in-furrow planting time treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributer mounted on a John Deere Maxemerge equipped with incorporation tines. The seeding rate was 18,000 seeds/acre on 30 inch rows. Soil type was silty clay loam (OM &gt; 3%, pH 6.5). Previous crop was late planted corn planted as a trap crop. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications, each treatment a single row 50 ft long. One-half of each treatment block was double disked (tilled) prior to planting (10 to 20% residue cover remaining). The other half was undisturbed (no till) (70-80% residue cover remaining). Treatments were randomized within each one-half block. Preplant anhydrous ammonia was applied at the rate of 90 lb per acre prior to planting. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were rated on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within Wi inch of the stalk). Twenty roots were rated for each treatment. The roots were dug and rated on 15 Jul. Soil moisture was adequate at planting. Rainfall was adequate through rating time.
Evaluation of In-Furrow Insecticides for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1994
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Edmisten Keith , Mott Dan W. , Straughn Edward 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular insecticides were applied in furrow at planting from a Gandy box mounted on the planter and the liquid insecticide applied with a CO2-powered flat fan nozzle oriented parallel and directly into the open furrow on 27 May at the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station in Edgecombe County, NC. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft with 4 reps and arranged in a RCBD. The 6 products along with an untreated check were evaluated for effect on stand reduction, plant height, thrips establishment, boll load, bollworm-damaged bolls and yield. Thrips adults and immatures were collected on 26 May, 6 and 15 Jun, processed via the wash method and counted under a binocular dissecting microscope. Yields were take with a one row John Deere mechanical harvester from the middle 2 rows. Insect, plant and yield data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Naturalis-L, 1994
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft × 12 rows (7 inches between rows) and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of treatment insecticides. Soil type was League. Rice was drill planted on 26 Mar at 100 lb seed/acre. Rice emerged 11 Apr. From planting to application of the permanent flood, rice was flush irrigated as needed. Urea was applied near planting (29 Mar) at 122 lb/acre, 1 d before the permanent flood (6 May) at 122 lb/acre, and at panicle differentiation (9 Jun) at 122 lb/acre for a total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. Facet and Basagran were mixed with crop oil and applied 22 Apr at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre for each herbicide. The permanent flood was applied 7 May (26 d after rice emergence). Naturalis-L treatments were applied at the rate and times shown in the table with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 21.3 gal/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at the time and rate shown in the table with a hand-held shaker. From 31 May to 1 Jun (24-25 d after application of the permanent flood), 5, 4-inch diam × 4-inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice roots were washed and immature RWW recovered. Plots were harvested at maturity (29 Jul) and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using vX + 0.5. All data were analyzed by ANOVA.
Scale Control on Taxus, Ottawa County, MI, 1994
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each treatment was replicated 6 times. A replicate was a plot of six 5-yrold (20-inch-high) Taxus shrubs. The field was located at Zelenka’s Evergreen Nursery in Ottawa Co. Precount samples were taken on 6 Sep by clipping two 5-inch-long twigs from each bush (one from the top half of the shrub and one from the bottom half) to make a total of 12 twigs per replicate. The twigs were taken back to the lab to be examined under a dissecting microscope. The Marathon treatment was applied on 6 Sep as a banded treatment. A garden hoe was used to incorporate the material. All other treatments were applied on 23 Sep using a single nozzle, hand held R&D CO2 sprayer to apply the chemicals. Each of the liquid treatments were applied at a finished volume of 200 gal/acre through an 8008 flat fan nozzle at 38 psi. The bushes were treated evenly from the top and both exposed sides. Postcount samples were taken on 15 Oct in the same manner as the precounts.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Austrian Pine, 1994
Authors: Cooper Dayna , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on a naturally infested Austrian pine planting in a residential area located in Ft. Collins, CO. Individual plots consisted of infested terminals arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were made 22 Jun using a pump mister applied to point of run-off. Evaluations were made by sampling 4 needle bundles (2 needles apiece) and determining the number of dead and living aphids.
Response of White Grub Populations to Insecticides, 1991
Authors: Posos-Ponce Pedro , Corrales-Reynaga Jorge , Guerrero-Rodriguez Eugenio 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Populations of white grub in commercial field corn from Arenal, Jalisco, were exposed to nine insecticides of organophosphorous, carbamate, chlorinated and pyrethroid groups. White grubs were collected daily from the roots of corn plants and confined in polyethylene black bag of two kg capacity with humidity and germinated corn as food for larvae. White grubs were taken to the laboratory of Sanidad Vegetal in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Dilutions of the insecticides tested were prepared using acetone varied from 500 to 5,000 ppm but for tefluthrin they varied from 200 to 1,400 ppm (6 to 9 doses/product). For this study 20 larvae (third instar) were selected and 1 (j, liter of the solution was placed topically on the thorax. Each larva was placed in a petri dish with a moistened paper towel, and the dishes confined in a cardboard box to eliminate light. Mortality counts were carried out at 24 hours. Percent mortality was corrected by Abbott’s formula. Mortality data were analyzed by probit system to obtain LD50 and LD95 values for each insecticide.
Bioassay, Laboratory Tests of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products on Leafroller Larvae, 1994
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
B. thuringiensis products, including an experimental from Mycogen Corp. (MYX300), were evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for their effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amt of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. A small amt (about 2 ml) of wetting agent, X-77®, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from ‘Red Delicious’ trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The petri dish lid was put in place, and dishes were placed inside a food storage container with a moist paper towel to maintain high humidity and kept at 75°F (± 2°F) constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).
Residual Efficacy of Lufenuron (Instar®), 1994
Authors: Yap H. H. , Lee Chow-Yang , Yahaya A. M. , Schenker R. , Janssen S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Residual effect of a new chitin synthesis inhibitor, lufenuron (Instar® 0.2 TB) was determined against three different nymphal ages of German cockroach (1-week, 3-week and 5-week) and American cockroach (1-week, 5-week and 10-week). Hardboard panels (11 × 11 cm for German cockroaches; 16.5 × 16.5 cm for American cockroaches) were sprayed with Instar® (effervescent tablet diluted in distilled water) at the recommended rate of 10 mg AI/m2. Control panels were sprayed with distilled water. The panels were then allowed to dry naturally for approximately 6 hours before being stored vertically at 27 ± 3°C and 70 ± 5% RH until the appropriate aging period. Exposure to the residues was conducted by confining the respective chosen age group insects in transparent perspex boxes (13.5 × 18 × 6 cm for German cockroach; 27.5 × 21 × 9 cm for American cockroach). The aged treated panels were then placed at one side of the box and two pieces of folded filter paper as harborages were placed at the other side. A bottle cap with a soaked cotton bung was supplied at the center of the treated panel surface so that the insects were forced to contact with the treated surface whenever they went to the water source. Twenty-five nymphs were used in each replicate and each experiment was replicated four times. The boxes were kept at the condition previously mentioned; dead insects were counted and removed daily. LT50 was determined by pooling the cumulative mortality results of four replicates and subjected to probit analysis. Mortality in control was corrected using Abbott’s formula.