bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Property and Fertilizer Additive Effects on Ammonia Volatilization from Urea
Authors: Sunderlage Brent , Cook Rachel L. 
Published: January 2018

Core IdeasTotal exchange capacity was the best soil predictor of volatilization from urea.Urease activity and pH were not effective predictors of volatilization from urea.NBPT effectively reduces ammonia volatilization compared with nonamended urea.NBPT efficacy was reduced in more acidic soils.Calcium salt of maleic‐itaconic copolymer did not reduce ammonia volatilization.Urea efficiency can be substantially reduced through nitrogen loss as ammonia (NH3–N), which is controlled by soil properties and environmental conditions. A laboratory incubation measured the effects of a range of soil properties on ammonia volatilization over 7 d from 168 kg N ha–1as surface‐applied urea and the efficacy of two fertilizer additives: urea plus a commercial formulation of N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) + N‐(n‐propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) (urea + NBPT/NPPT) and urea plus a commercial formulation of calcium salt of maleic‐itaconic copolymer (MIP) from 79 soils across the United States. Total exchange capacity (TEC), 0.01 mol L–1CaCl2pH (pH), soil organic matter (SOM), hydroxide buffering capacity (OHBC), clay content, and urease activity were measured as predictors. Generalized regression models identified that TEC, clay content, OHBC, and SOM accounted for most variation in NH3–N losses in urea (R2= 0.69) and urea + MIP (R2= 0.67). Total exchange capacity was the strongest predictor of volatilization; greater TEC resulted in lower NH3–N losses. pH and TEC accounted for the most variation in NH3–N loss among soils fertilized with urea + NBPT/NPPT (R2= 0.58). Volatilization increased with lower pH in urea + NBPT/NPPT, indicating that NBPT efficacy decreases in acidic soils, potentially due to faster chemical degradation. The addition of NBPT/NPPT to urea significantly reduced volatilization from 24.5 to 6.3% of applied N (P< 0.0001), whereas urea + MIP did not reduce volatilization (P= 0.9707).
Physicochemical and Structural Properties of an Oxisol under the Addition of Straw and Lime
Authors: Nunes Márcio R. , Vaz Carlos M. P. , Denardin José E. , van Es Harold M. , Libardi Paulo L. , da Silva Alvaro P. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Liming represents a common agricultural practice for abating soil acidity.
High doses of lime on the Oxisol surface increases the electronegativity of the soil system.
High electronegativity increases clay dispersion in the uppermost soil layer.
Clay migration led to a series of physical alterations in soil subsurface layers.
Overliming can lead to the degradation of highly weathered soil structures.
Liming represents a common agricultural practice for abating soil acidity. Nevertheless, elevated amounts of agricultural lime in Oxisols, with or without cultural residue addition, could alter soil physicochemical properties and impact soil structure. In this context, the physical, chemical, and structural behaviors of an Oxisol under the addition of lime and straw were assessed. Lime doses (0, 3.9, 7.8, and 15.6 Mg ha–1) were either applied on the surface or incorporated into the 0‐ to 5‐cm soil layer. Straw applications followed the same procedure with quantities of 0, 4, 12, or 16 Mg ha–1. The effects on the soil profile were evaluated through physicochemical (specific surface area, ζ potential, and pH), physical (density, penetration resistance, water dispersible clay, and total porosity), and micromorphological properties (surface area, volume, connectivity, size, and pore anisotropy) 1 yr after soil incubation in polyvinyl chloride cylinders 30 cm long and 14.5 cm in diameter. Lime application on the surface or into the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer increased soil pH to values above 7.0 and the electronegative potential of soil colloid surface, promoting clay dispersion. Water‐dispersed clay migrated in the soil profile, causing pore obstruction, and higher soil density and penetration resistance. In addition, excessive lime decreased specific surface area, anisotropy degree and the connectivity of the soil pore system. Straw addition promoted a slight increase of colloids electronegative potential but did not alter soil physical properties.
Improving Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Surface‐ and Overhead Sprinkler‐Irrigated Cotton in the Desert Southwest
Authors: Bronson K. F. , Hunsaker D. J. , Mon J. , Andrade-Sanchez P. , White J. W. , Conley M. M. , Thorp K. R. , Bautista E. , Barnes E. M. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Nitrogen use efficiency is low in surface‐irrigated cotton.
Canopy reflectance can guide in‐season N management.
Deep percolation of rain and irrigation is associated with nitrate leaching.
Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) is low in surface‐irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), especially when adding N to irrigation water. A NO3 soil‐test algorithm was compared with canopy reflectance‐based N management with surface‐ overhead sprinkler‐irrigation in central Arizona. The surface irrigation studies also compared fertigation of N fertilizer with knifing‐in of N and the addition of a urease and nitrification inhibitor (Agrotain Plus, Koch Agronomic Services, Wichita, KS) to urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Cotton lint and seed yields responded positively to N fertilizer in all four site‐years. Recovery efficiency (RE) of N at low N fertilizer rates (60 to 76 kg N ha–1) ranged from 21 to 61% with surface irrigation and from 81 to 97% with overhead sprinkler irrigation. Deep percolation below 1.8 m was 4 to 11% of applied surface irrigations and rain, but was undetectable in the overhead sprinkler. Leaching of NO3 was apparently the largest N loss pathway in the surface‐irrigated system. Fertigating UAN into surface irrigation resulted in similar lint yields and RE as knifing UAN. Use of Agrotain Plus with UAN gave similar yields and RE as using UAN alone. Reflectance‐based N management using normalized difference vegetation index‐amber (NDVIA) saved 50% of N fertilizer of the full soil‐test based dose without a yield reduction in three of four site‐ years. Nitrogen fertilizer was over‐prescribed with the soil‐test‐based treatment. This may have been due to not accounting for N mineralization, which the reflectance method indirectly measures.
IMPLEMENTASI DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN BANTUAN PROGRAM CABRI 3D PADA MATERI POKOK DIMENSI TIGA KELAS X-A
Authors: Prasetyo Hadi 
Published: January 2018

<p> Artikel ini membahas tentang penerapan model pembelajaran <em>discovery learning </em> berbantuan program Cabri 3D untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik materi pokok dimensi tiga. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X materi dimensi tiga tahun pelajaran 2013/ 2014 yang kurang dari KKM yaitu 75, dimana dari 54 peserta didik kelas X, hanya ada lima peserta didik yang tuntas, sedangkan rata-rata secara keseluruhan adalah 63,06 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 9,26%. Hal ini disebabkan oleh peserta didik yang belum menguasai konsep-konsep dimensi tiga dan kesulitan dalam mengabstraksi model atau permasalahan pada dimensi tiga.</p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah: apakah penerapan model pembelajaran <em>discovery learning</em> berbantuan program Cabri 3D dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik materi pokok dimensi tiga kelas X-A MA Al Bidayah Candi Bandungan Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. keberhasilan penelitian ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar di atas KKM yaitu 75 dan persentase ketuntasan peserta didik pada setiap siklusnya.</p><p>Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitiannya adalah peserta didik kelas X-A MA Al Bidayah Candi Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang tahun pelajaran 2014/ 2015 sebanyak 20 peserta didik. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi, observasi, dan tes. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif serta menentukan rata-rata hasil belajar dan persentase ketuntasan belajar.<strong></strong></p><p>Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rata-rata hasil belajar dari siklus I ke siklus II meningkat dari 63,89 ke 83,13 atau sebesar 19,24 poin dan ketuntasan belajarnya meningkat dari 38,89% ke 80% atau sebesar 41,11%. Penerapan model pembelajaran <em>discovery learning </em>berbantuan program Cabri 3D dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Namun tidak serta merta dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, karena hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti pengelolaan kelas, kemampuan peserta didik, konsentrasi peserta didik, ketelitian, dan sebagainya. Sehingga disarankan kepada guru agar melakukan pembelajaran inovatif, bervariasi, dan memanfaatkan media dalam menunjang proses pembelajaran.</p>
KONSEP PSIKOLOGI TRANSPERSONAL MENURUT ABU HAMID MUHAMMAD AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Muhaya Abdul 
Published: January 2018

<p>Psikologi transpersonal adalah salah satu madzhad dari psikologi yang mempelajari tentang potensi yang paling tinggi dari manusia; seperti pengalaman trans yang dialami oleh manusia, penalaman spiritual, pengalaman mistik dan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kesadaran yang berada diatas ego (self beyond ego). Menurut Imam al-Ghazali, kondisi trans dapat terjadi karena pada dasarnya kesadaran itu tergantung pada tingkatakan ruh yang menerima persepsi. Perbedaan tingkatan ruh yang menjadi tempat terjadinya kesadaran menjadikan seseorang dapat memiliki perpindahan kesadaran mulai dari kesadaran yang bersifat indrawi, imaginatif, rasional, fikri dan qudsi. Bagi al-Ghazali manusia punya kemampuan untuk melintas dari kesadaran yang rasional (kesadaran yang diperoleh oleh akal) kedalam kesandaran yang lebih tinggi lagi: yaitu kesadaran yang terjadi pada diri diluar ego rasional (self- beyond Ego). Kesadaran tersebut disebabkan manusia memiliki kemampuan menjelajah wilayah diluar akal (Thur wara’ al-Aql). Pada kondisi ini, manusia mampu mengetahui objek yang semula tidak mampu diketahui oleh akal. Bagi al-Ghazali, penjelajahan self-beyond ego dapat dilakukan dengan mempertajam dzauq</p>
A Clean, Mild, and Efficient Preparation of Aryl 14H-benzo[a,j]xanthene leuco-dye Derivatives Via Nanocatalytic MCM-41-SO3H Under Ultrasonic Irradiation in Aqueous Media
Authors: Fathollahi Mostafa , Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Amani Ali M. 
Published: January 2018

Aim and Objective:
The present study has developed an efficient and eco-friendly
protocol for the synthesis of aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j] xanthenes through a one-pot condensation
reaction of 2-naphthol and arylaldehydes in aqueous media using the nanocatalytic MCM-41-SO3H
under ultrasonic illumination.

Material and Methods:
Using SEM and XRD analyses, MCM-41-SO3H nanoparticles were
characterized. Therefore, for high magnification, taking the SEM image, the mesoporous surface of
MCM-41-SO3H nanoparticles coated with gold for 2 minutes was characterized. Moreover, at a scan
rate of 0.02° (2Θ)/sec, XRD analysis from 1.5° (2Θ) to 10.0° (2Θ) was performed.

Result:
For our considered sample, some well-ordered XRD patterns with one main peak as well as
three minor peaks equal to those of MCM-41 materials were observed.

Conclusion:
The suggested route demonstrates very promising properties like higher yields,
decrease in the time of reaction (5-10 min), mild and straightforward conditions, low level of
toxicity, and inclusion of a cost-efficient and ecofriendly catalyst having considerable reusability.
Potential Application of Centrifuges to Protect the CNS in Space and on Earth
Authors: Hashimoto Makoto , Ho Gilbert , Shimizu Yuka , Sugama Shuei , Takenouchi Takato , Waragai Masaaki , Wei Jianshe , Takamatsu Yoshiki 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Centrifuges are the principal means of generating physiological hypergravity and
have been used for many medical purposes, including the therapy of psychiatric diseases and evaluation
of vestibular system in the pilots. In particular, modern centrifuges have evolved into mechanically
sophisticated precision instruments compared to primitive ones in old times, indicating that centrifuges
might possess great potential in modern medicine. Indeed, studies are in progress to apply centrifuges
to musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Given that the agingrelated
diseases are manifested under microgravity conditions, including astronauts and the bed-ridden
elderly, it is reasonable to speculate that centrifuge-induced hypergravity may counteract the progression
of these diseases. Such a view may also be important for neurodegenerative diseases for which the
radical treatments are yet to be established. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to discuss a
potential therapeutic use of centrifuges for protection against the central nervous system (CNS) disorders,
both in space and on Earth. Mechanistically hypergravity may exert stimulatory effects on preconditioning,
chaperone expression, synapse plasticity, and growth and differentiation in the nervous
system. Furthermore, hypergravity may suppress the progress of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM),
leading to inhibition of T2DM–triggered CNS disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia
and depression.

Conclusion:
Moreover, it is possible that hypergravity may counteract the neurodegeneration in hippocampus
induced by the microgravity conditions and psychiatric diseases. Collectively, further investigations
are warranted to demonstrate that centrifuge-induced hypergravity may be beneficial for the
therapy of the CNS disorders.
Coumarin Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Lung Cancer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Kumar Manvendra , Singla Ramit , Dandriyal Jyoti , Jaitak Vikas 
Published: January 2018

Background:
The prevalence of lung cancer is 14% among the newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide.
Currently, the number of drugs that are in clinical practice is having a high prevalence of side effect and
multidrug resistance. Researchers have made an attempt to expand a suitable anticancer drug that has no MDR
and side effect.

Objective:
Extensive exploration of Coumarin derivatives as a potent inhibitor of variety of proteins including
EGFR, tyrosine kinase, ERK1/2, PI3K, HSP 90, Bax, STAT proteins, NF-κB and telomerase which have been
associated with lung cancer.

Method:
The recent literature was surveyed utilizing the online resources and databases including scifinder,
pubchem, EMBL, scopus and google scholar.

Results:
Upon analyzing the structure-activity relationship, it was found that N-aryl carboxamide, phenyl substitution
at the C-3 position and 1,2,3- triazolyl, trihydroxystilbene, amino substitution at the C-4 position of the
coumarin nucleus were the most effective in targeting lung cancer.

Conclusion:
This review is a collaborative and extensive compilation of synthetic strategies, mechanism of
action, and the structure-activity relationship thereof for the management of lung carcinoma.
Astragalin Attenuates UVB Radiation-induced Actinic Keratosis Formation
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Kun , Mu Xin , Tian Qiong , Liu Wenli , Gao Tianyuan , Ma Xiaona , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Actinic Keratosis (AK), is the most common precancerous skin lesion induced by the
excessive Ultraviolet B (UVB) and is a significant threat to the public health. UVB exposure causes oxidative
DNA damage and is considered to be a significant contributor to AK and subsequent development of skin cancer.
Besides, activation of p38 MAPK also plays a significant role in the development of AK.

Objective:
This study aimed at the development of a nature compound which can inhibit UVB-induced AK.

Method:
MTS Cell Proliferation Assay Kit was used to detect the toxicity of astragalin. HE-staining, Immunohistochemical,
Western blot and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay were applied to examine the clinicopathologic
feature of AK and the change of p38 MAPK signal pathway treated with astraglin under the condition
of UVB in vitro and in vivo.
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Results：In our clinical findings revealed that p38 MAPK, phospho-MSK1, and γ -H2AX were significantly
highly expressed in human AK tissue than the normal healthy skin tissue. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that
UVB induced the phospho-MSK1 and γ-H2AX in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. Further,
in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that astragalin could directly bind to p38 MAPK and suppress p38 MAPK
activity. Furthermore, astragalin exhibited no toxicity and suppressed the UVB-induced expression of phospho-
MSK1 and γ -H2AX by suppressing p38 MAPK activity in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in
HaCaT cells. The in vivo studies with animal UV model demonstrated that astragalin inhibited UVB-induced
expression of phospho-MSK1 and γ-H2AX in Babl/c mice.

Conclusion:
These results suggested that p38 MAPK is a direct valid molecular target of astragalin for the attenuation
of UVB-induced AK. Furthermore, astragalin could be a potential promising novel natural therapeutic
agent for the prevention and management of UVB-induced AK with high target specificity and low toxicity.
Pre-clinical Validation of Mito-targeted Nano-engineered Flavonoids Isolated From Selaginella bryopteris (Sanjeevani) As A Novel Cancer Prevention Strategy
Authors: Bhargava Arpit , Pathak Neelam , Seshadri Sriram , Bunkar Neha , Mishra Dinesh K. , Lohiya Nirmal K. , Mishra Pradyumna K. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Novel bioactive plant secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, offer a spectrum of
chemo-protective responses against a range of human tumor models. However, the clinical translation of these
promising anti-cancer agents has been hindered largely by their poor solubility, rapid metabolism, or a combination
of both, ultimately resulting in poor bioavailability upon oral administration.

Objective:
To circumvent the challenges associated with herbal drug development and for effective integration
into clinical setting, nano-engineering is one of the emerging pragmatic strategies which has promise to deliver
therapeutic concentrations of bio-actives upon oral administration.

Method:
We assessed the nano-encapsulated flavonoid-rich fraction isolated from a traditional Indian herb
Selaginella bryopteris (Sanjeevani) (NP.SB). Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evidence the
epigenetic protection mechanisms of NP.SB through a mitochondrial-targeted pre-clinical validation strategy.

Results:
The mito-protective activity of NP.SB revealed a dose-dependent effect when tested in GC-1 spg
(mouse spermatogonial epithelial) and B/CMBA.Ov (mouse ovarian epithelial) following exposure to Nsuccinimidyl
N-methylcarbamate, a potential human carcinogen. Smaller size, rapid internalization, faster mobility
and site specific delivery conferred significant cancer protection in cultured cells. Notably, this encapsulated
flavonoid supplementation; prevented emergence of neoplastic daughter clones from senescent mother
phenotypes in pro-oxidant treated GC-1 spg and B/CMBA.Ov cells by selective abrogation of mitochondrial
oxidative stress-induced aberrant epigenetic modifications. In vivo studies using a diethylnitrosamine and 2-
acetylaminofluorene mouse model demonstrated that NP.SB has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth
which clearly substantiated our in vitro findings.

Conclusion:
Anti-carcinogenic property in conjunction with low toxicity of NP.SB, underscores the translational
significance of dietary flavonoids as cancer-protective agents for preferential application in clinical
settings.
Development of a Nasal Donepezil-loaded Microemulsion for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: in vitro and ex vivo Characterization
Authors: Espinoza Lupe C. , Vacacela Marisol , Clares Beatriz , Garcia Maria Luisa , Fabrega Maria-Jose , Calpena Ana C. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Donepezil (DPZ) is widely prescribed as a specific and reversible acetylcholinesterase
inhibitor for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective:
Considering the therapeutic potential of DPZ and the advantages offered by the intranasal
route as an alternative for drug administration, the aim of this study was the development and characterization
of a DPZ microemulsion (ME) for nose-to-brain delivery.

Method:
The ME was developed by construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams and characterized
by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Flow properties and viscosity, as
well as optical stability and stability under storage at different temperatures were evaluated. Finally, in
vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies through porcine nasal mucosa were accomplished.

Results:
A transparent and homogeneous DPZ-ME (12.5 mg/ml) was obtained. The pH and viscosity
were 6.38 and 44.69 mPa·s, respectively, indicating nasal irritation prevention and low viscosity. The
mean droplet size was 58.9±3.2 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.19±0.04. The morphological
analysis revealed the spherical shape of droplets, as well as their smooth and regular surface. Optical
stability evidenced no destabilization processes. DPZ release profile indicated that the ME followed a
hyperbolic kinetic model while the ex vivo permeation profile showed that the highest permeation occurred
during initial 4 h and the maximum permeated amount was approximately 2000 µg, which corresponds
to 80% of the starting amount of drug.

Conclusion:
We conclude that our nasal ME could be considered as a new potential tool for further
investigation in the AD.
Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Serum Factors in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Naghsh Narges , Sabet Negar Kanuni , Vahidi Forozan , Mogharehabed Ahmad , Yaghini Jaber 
Published: January 2018

Background:Chronic renal disease is a common condition with several recognized risk factors. Periodontal disease is a recently suggested risk factor for renal disease. We aimed to assess the relationship between periodontal disease and several serum factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 57 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Periodontal examination was done by measuring the mean Pocket Depth (PD), Silness-Löe Plaque Index (PI), Ainamo and Bay Bleeding On Probing (BOP), Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). Serum levels of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin, ferritin and creatinine were measuredviaa routine blood test. Cystatin C was separately measured. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, chi square test and Mann Whitney test (alpha=0.05).Results:37 men and 20 women were evaluated. Of these, 26.3% had periodontitis and 73.7% had gingivitis. Serum level of albumin (P=0.02) and ferritin (P=0.043) in patients with periodontitis was significantly higher than that in patients with gingivitis. The serum level of creatinine (P=0.02), cystatin C (P=0.013), calcium (P=0.046) and phosphorus (P=0.037) had a significant correlation with severity of periodontitis and increase in CAL.Conclusion:Increase in the serum levels of albumin and ferritin was related to the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis. Also, the serum levels of creatinine, cystatin C, calcium and phosphorus increased with an increase in CAL.