bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extra‐Judicial Conferences in Child Welfare Cases: Reassessing their Role and Implications for Practice and Policy
Authors: Finck Kara R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChild welfare agencies increasingly utilize family team decision‐making conferences in cases where there is a pending child protection matter in family court. The simultaneous proceedings present critical questions for all practitioners and judges about the relationship between the court and the agency, and implications for the rights of parents and children. This article discusses the critical tensions raised when the agency pursues extra‐judicial conferences in the absence of coordination with and recognition of the court process, including expectations of confidentiality, the role of attorneys in conferences and the perception of fairness in both forums.
Variations in primary sclerosing cholangitis across the age spectrum
Authors: Eaton John E , McCauley Bryan M , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Juran Brian D , Schlicht Erik M , de Andrade Mariza , Lazaridis Konstantinos N 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) typically develops in middle‐age adults. Little is known about phenotypic differences when PSC is diagnosed at various ages. Therefore, we sought to compare the clinical characteristics of a large PSC cohort based on the age when PSC was diagnosed.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective review to compare the features of PSC among those diagnosed between 1–19 (n = 95), 20–59 (n = 662), and 60–79 years (n = 102).ResultsThose with an early diagnosis (ED) of PSC were more likely to have small‐duct PSC (13%) than those with a middle‐age diagnosis (MD) (5%) and late diagnosis (LD) groups (2%), P < 0.01, and appeared to have a decrease risk of hepatobiliary malignancies: ED versus MD: hazard ratio (HR), 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–1.03, and ED versus LD: HR, 0.07; 95% CI 0.01–0.62. Cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed in 78 subjects (ED n = 0, MD n = 66, and LD n = 12) and was more likely to be diagnosed within a year after the PSC diagnosis among those found to have PSC late in life: ED 0% (0/95), MD 2% (14/662), and LD 6% (6/102), P = 0.02. Similarly, hepatic decompensation was more common among those with LD‐PSC versus younger individuals: LD versus MD: HR, 1.64; 95% CI 0.98–2.70, and LD versus ED: HR, 2.26; 95% CI 1.02–5.05.ConclusionsThose diagnosed with PSC early in life are more likely to have small‐duct PSC and less likely to have disease‐related complications. Clinicians should be vigilant for underlying cholangiocarcinoma among those with PSC diagnosed late in life.
About the information depth of backscattered electron imaging
Authors: PIŇOS J. , MIKMEKOVÁ Š. , FRANK L. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe information depth of imaging with backscattered electrons in the scanning electron microscope was measured directly by comparison of a planar view of a steel sample with buried precipitates with an image of a section cut through precipitates by means of a Focused Ion Beam attachment. The information depth was determined across the electron energy range of units of keV and the results were compared with information depths calculated from two published equations and simulated using widely available Monte Carlo‐based software. Recommendations are given for routine estimations of BSE information depths.
Calcium hydroxylapatite: A review on safety and complications
Authors: Kadouch J.A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundRadiesse®, or calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), is a biodegradable, biostimulatory soft tissue filler suitable for deeper folds and wrinkles. In the literature, good results have been documented with the use of CaHA and patient satisfaction scores are high. This study reviews the current literature on safety and complications of CaHA.MethodsA literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed electronic database was conducted. A total of 21 articles were included and screened for reports of adverse events (AEs).ResultsTwenty‐one peer‐reviewed articles, published between 2004 and 2015, were included. A total of 5081 treatments with CaHA were performed on 2779 patients. A total of 173 (3%) AEs were reported. The assessed types of AEs consisted of nodules (n=166, 96%), persistent inflammation/swelling (n=4, 2%), persistent erythema (n=2, 1%), and overcorrection (n=1, 1%).ConclusionBased on the results in this study, CaHA appears to have a good safety profile. Nodules are by far the most common AE. Of the reported nodules, 49% occurred in “dynamic” areas currently known for having a higher tendency for nodules. Several treatment approaches exist for managing CaHA nodules; however, in most cases, CaHA nodules are not visible and resolve without intervention.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the United States: Predictors of early hospital discharge
Authors: Mallikethi‐Reddy Sagar , Akintoye Emmanuel , Telila Tesfaye , Sudhakar Rajeev , Jagadeesh Kavyashri , Briasoulis Alexandros , Rubenfire Melvyn , Afonso Luis , Grines Cindy L. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDThere is a concerted push for adopting a minimalist strategy with emphasis on early hospital discharge for patients undergoing Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, studies on discharge patterns and predictors of early discharge (≤3 days post‐TAVI) are sparse, in the United States.METHODSWe analyzed using Healthcare Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 2011‐2012. A total of 7321 TAVI procedures were identified. We compared in‐hospital outcomes between early and late discharge cohorts, and determined the predictors of early discharge. Correlation of costs and post‐TAVI length of stay was also performed.RESULTSEarly discharge rate post‐TAVI was about 21% in the United States, in 2011‐2012. Overall mean age was 81 years. In‐hospital adverse outcomes post‐TAVI were higher in late discharge cohort (P < 0.001). Mean length of stay post‐TAVI (7.7 days vs 2.6 days) and costs ($208 752 vs $157 663) were significantly higher in late discharge than early discharge cohort. Females, bleeding, blood transfusions, stroke, permanent pacemakers, mechanical circulatory support, acute kidney injury were associated with significantly lower adjusted odds for early discharge. Transfemoral TAVI approach, prior aortic valvuloplasty, and procedure year 2012 were associated with significantly higher odds for early discharge. We observed positive correlation between costs of hospitalization and post‐TAVI length of stay (R = 0.58; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSFemales, bleeding, blood transfusions, stroke, permanent pacemakers, mechanical circulatory support devices, renal failure were associated with lower odds for early discharge. Transfemoral approach and prior aortic valvuloplasty increased the likelihood for early discharge. Post‐TAVI length of stay was associated with significantly higher hospitalization costs.
Understanding Value Creation in Public‐Private Partnerships: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Villani Elisa , Greco Luciano , Phillips Nelson 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPublic‐Private Partnerships (PPPs) are an important form of hybrid organization that may, if properly designed and managed, generate innovative solutions to complex problems by combining different institutional logics. Using data from a comparative case study of the creation of two PPPs in the Italian healthcare sector, we draw on ideas from business model design and organizational hybridity to explore how complexity can be managed inside PPPs and how this drives the creation of value for stakeholders. We link the literature on hybrid organizations with the one on business models by looking at the organizational mechanisms and processes that are implemented in PPP project governance, assets and processes. We go on to develop a theoretical model showing how effective business model design can help to bridge different logics and create value for stakeholders in the creation and operation of PPPs.
Alliances between Firms and Non‐profits: A Multiple and Behavioural Agency Approach
Authors: Rivera‐Santos M. , Rufín C. , Wassmer U. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe analyse business‐NGO (B2N) alliances through the lenses of multiple agency and behavioural agency theories to identify the sources of agency problems and the most effective choice of mitigation mechanisms. We contend that three types of agency relationships constitute B2N alliances: the relationship between the firm's managers and B2N alliance employees; the relationship between the NGO's managers and the B2N alliance employees; and the novel ‘claimed principal‐agent relationship’ involving the external beneficiary, the NGO's managers and the alliance employees. We argue that B2N alliances’ three types of agency problems stem from (1) the relative emphasis on public vs. private goods, both at the employee and at the partner levels, and (2) the level of the external beneficiary's voice. We then predict the mechanisms to mitigate these problems: hiring altruistic over self‐interested individuals; narrowly specifying the employees’ activities; emphasizing input‐based and intrinsic incentive mechanisms; and investing significantly into non‐intrusive monitoring mechanisms.
Mental health symptoms predict competency to stand trial and competency restoration success
Authors: Gay Jeremy G. , Vitacco Michael J. , Ragatz Laurie 
Published: March 2017

PurposeAlthough several studies have examined demographic and clinical variables associated with findings of incompetency to stand trial (IST), few studies have examined factors influencing competency restoration success. This study is among the first to longitudinally examine demographic variables and mental health symptoms’ impact on both IST and competency non‐restoration. This study fills a gap in the competency to stand trial literature by utilizing the same defendants to examine progression through initial competency decisions to their eventual restoration outcomes.MethodsThis study examined demographic variables and mental health symptoms differentiating defendants deemed competent to stand trial, not competent and restored, and not competent and not restored. We coded and analysed 237 competency evaluations consecutively conducted over a 3‐year period.ResultsSpecific psychotic (e.g., thought derailment, delusions, auditory/visual hallucinations) and neuropsychological symptoms (e.g., impaired executive functioning, impaired mental status) were independently associated with findings of IST and non‐restoration. Additional analyses revealed an intellectual disability diagnosis and a greater number of psychotic and manic symptoms predicted a decreased likelihood of competency restoration.ConclusionsThese findings suggest more severe symptom combinations (e.g., psychotic and manic symptoms) are predictors of both initial findings of incompetency and non‐restorability.
Assessment, accountability and the literacy curriculum: reimagining the future in the light of the past
Authors: Moss Gemma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the dynamic to education system reform in England, highlighting the challenges the range of policy tools in use have created for policymakers, practitioners and researchers alike. Taking literacy policy in England as a ‘telling case’, I will argue that far from holding the answer to successful system reform, high‐stakes testing and the migration of system‐level data into the public domain create a series of challenges for politicians that they cannot satisfactorily solve. In turn, policymakers' attempts to manage the problems away are further compounding the difficulties teachers face. As policymakers' commitments to bringing about well‐motivated change waver, research and practitioner communities need to work more closely together to successfully reimagine a purposeful and engaged literacy curriculum for all.
Combination of Leflunomide and Everolimus for treatment of BK virus nephropathy
Authors: Jaw Juli , Hill Prue , Goodman David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBK nephropathy (BKN) is a common cause of graft dysfunction following kidney transplantation. Minimization of immunosuppressive therapy remains the first line of therapy, but this may lead to rejection and graft loss. In some cases, despite lowering immunosuppression, BK infection can persist, leading to chronic damage and kidney failure. Currently, there is no specific anti‐BK viral therapy. Recent in vitro experiments have demonstrated a reduction in BK viral replication when infected cells are treated with the combination of Leflunomide and Everolimus. This study aims to explore the effect of this drugs combination on viral clearance and graft function in patients with persistent disease despite reduction in immunosuppression. We treated three patients with combination Leflunomide and Everolimus. Data on medical history, biochemical parameters and viral loads were collected. Significant improvement in viral loads was observed in two cases with resolution of viremia in another (Table 1). Two recipients had preserved allograft function. The remaining graft was lost because of combination of obstruction and BKN. No adverse reactions such as bone marrow toxicity were observed. Combination of Leflunomide and Everolimus is safe and should be considered as a rescue therapy in treatment of BKN, especially in those who fail to clear this infection despite reduction of immunosuppressive therapy.
Is there a broader role for independent mental capacity advocates in critical care? An exploratory study
Authors: Chatfield Doris A , Lee Sue , Cowley Jakki , Kitzinger Celia , Kitzinger Jenny , Menon David K 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis research explores the current and potential future role of independent mental capacity advocates (IMCAs) in critical care. The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) of 2005 introduced IMCAs as advocates for patients without anyone to represent their best interests, but research suggests that this role is not well understood or implemented. No existing research explores the role of IMCAs in critical care or their potential use when families are judged ‘appropriate to act’ on the patient's behalf. It is suggested that families may not be best placed to advocate for their sick family member when they themselves are in a state of shock.AimTo investigate existing levels of knowledge and awareness of the MCA and understanding of the role of IMCAs in critical care as a prelude to considering whether the role of IMCAs might usefully be extended. The concept of ‘IMCA clinics’ is introduced and explored.Design and methodsA small‐scale qualitative study using thematic analysis of 15 interviews across two NHS sites and a survey of IMCA services were undertaken.ResultsSome knowledge of the MCA was evident across both study sites, but training on MCA remains unsatisfactory, with confusion about the role of IMCAs and when they should become involved. Overall, participants felt that the broader involvement of IMCAs on a regular basis within critical care could be useful.ConclusionsThere was evidence of good practice when instructing IMCAs, but further work needs to be conducted to ensure that critical care staff are informed about the referral process. It was clear that expanding the role of an advocate warrants further investigation.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther training on the role of IMCAs within critical care is required, and good practice examples should be shared with other units to improve referral rates to the IMCA service and ensure that vulnerable patients are properly represented.
Iron overload induces apoptosis of murine preosteoblast cells via ROS and inhibition of AKT pathway
Authors: Ke J‐Y , Cen W‐J , Zhou X‐Z , Li Y‐R , Kong W‐D , Jiang J‐W 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigates the inhibitory effect of iron overload on MC3T3‐E1 cells and its molecular mechanism.MethodsMC3T3‐E1 cells were grown under different concentrations of FAC (ferric ammonium citrate), and the WST‐8 assay was used to investigate the proliferation of cells following FAC with or without deferasirox. DCFH‐DA fluorescence probe was applied to detect the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The apoptotic cells were analyzed with Annexin V‐FITC/PI and the Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining assay. The JC‐1 staining assay was applied to observe the change in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The expression levels of caspase‐3, PARP, Bcl‐2 family proteins, and AKT kinase were detected with the Western blot assay.ResultsIron overload had a cytotoxic effect on MC3T3‐E1 cells in a dosage‐dependent way and resulted in increasing level of intracellular ROS. Iron overload induced apoptosis in MC3T3‐E1 cells via a caspase‐dependent mechanism that is accompanied by mitochondria dysfunction and decreased expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins. The expression levels of cleaved‐caspase‐3 and cleaved‐PARP were upregulated, while the expression levels of caspase‐9, caspase‐7, caspase‐3, and PARP were downregulated. Phosphorylation of AKT kinase decreased.ConclusionIron overload can generate ROS in cells, inhibit AKT kinase and its downstream proteins activity, and subsequently initiate apoptotic events.
Gene discovery and marker resource development by transcriptome sequencing from a short‐rotation coppice willow, Salix suchowensis
Authors: Dai Xiaogang , Zhu Tiwen , Li Xiaoping , Yin Tongming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany willow species, especially the short‐rotation coppice willows, are suitable for development into renewable bioenergy crops. In this study, we conducted high‐throughput transcriptome sequencing of a shrub willow, S. suchowensis, to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for gene discovery and molecular marker development. Totally, 136.1 million clean reads were generated from five different tissues of S. suchowensis using Illumina RNA‐seq technology. De novo sequence assembly produced 90 269 unigenes, among which 64 127 unigenes were annotated in one or more of the NR, Swiss‐Prot, GO, COG and KEGG databases. A total of 21 052 simple sequence repeats were identified in the expressed sequence assemblies, and a primer database containing 36 912 EST‐SSR markers were developed for 12 304 SSR loci. Subsequently, 25 primers were randomly selected for experimental test. Among which, 24 primers succeeded in PCR amplification and 21 produced amplicons in expected sizes, suggesting that the sequence assemblies were of high quality. The established sequence database and marker resource are useful for different aspects of genetic studies on Salix spp., and particularly valuable for marker‐assisted breeding of willows.
Back to the roots? Dual cannulation strategy for ambulatory ECMO in adolescent lung transplant candidates: An alternative?
Authors: Schmidt F. , Jack T. , Sasse M. , Mueller C. , Schwerk N. , Bobylev D. , Beerbaum P. , Koeditz H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBridging critically ill pediatric patients to lung transplantation still remains a major challenge. Although still controversial, within the last 5 years, ECMO has been increasingly used as a bridge to lung transplantation concept in adult and pediatric patients with acceptable outcomes. The outstanding developments in the field of extracorporeal devices and the introduction of awake ECMO concepts with the avoidance of mechanical ventilation have led to a real paradigm shift in the ICU management of pretransplant candidates with severe respiratory failure. Therefore, ECMO is no longer seen as a contraindication for lung transplantation at least at our center. Nevertheless, how to bridge these patients on ECMO still remains controversial. Thus, we introduced an ambulatory ECMO approach in adolescent lung transplant candidates with acute respiratory failure using a dual cannulation strategy and hereby present first results from this procedure.
Tobacco TTG2 and ARF8 function concomitantly to control flower colouring by regulating anthocyanin synthesis genes
Authors: Li P. , Chen X. , Sun F. , Dong H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Recently we elucidated that tobacco TTG2 cooperates with ARF8 to regulate the vegetative growth and seed production.

Here we show that TTG2 and ARF8 control flower colouring by regulating expression of ANS and DFR genes, which function in anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Genetic modifications that substantially altered expression levels of the TTG2 gene and production quantities of TTG2 protein were correlated with flower development and colouring. Degrees of flower colour were increased by TTG2 overexpression but decreased through TTG2 silencing, in coincidence with high and low concentrations of anthocyanins in flowers. Of five genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, only ANS and DFR were TTG2‐regulated and displayed enhancement and diminution of expression with TTG2 overexpression and silencing, respectively. The floral expression of ANS and DFR also needed a functional ARF8 gene, as ANS and DFR expression were attenuated by ARF8 silencing, which concomitantly diminished the role of TTG2 in anthocyanin production. While ARF8 required TTG2 to be expressed by itself and to regulate ANS and DFR expression, the concurrent presence of normally functional TTG2 and ARF8 was critical for floral production of anthocyanins and also for flower colouration.

Our data suggest that TTG2 functions concomitantly with ARF8 to control degrees of flower colour by regulating expression of ANS and DFR, which are involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. ARF8 depends on TTG2 to regulate floral expression of ANS and DFR with positive effects on anthocyanin production and flower colour.
What is new with old? What old age teaches us about inequality and stratification
Authors: Abramson Corey M. , Portacolone Elena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAging is remarkably unequal. Who survives to grow old in America and the circumstances they face once there reflect durable racial, socioeconomic, and gender inequalities that structure our lives from birth. Yet within the field of social stratification and mainstream sociology proper, examinations of the rapidly growing population of older Americans are often relegated to a “gerontological” periphery. This essay posits that the failure to place aging as a core concern in stratification and inequality is a missed opportunity. We argue for the importance of reintegrating studies on the stratification of aging and explain why such a move is necessary. Specifically, we posit that (a) examining the aging population is necessary for understanding American inequality because aging is an outcome that is ubiquitous yet highly stratified; (b) aging and being seen as “old” in a youth‐focused society are stratifying processes in their own right; and (c) later life provides for analytical comparisons that are illustrative of how key mechanisms of inequality structure and stratify. After examining insights provided by a new wave of research on the aging U.S. population, we revisit the implications for understanding inequality and stratification in a graying and unequal America.