bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SJP-L-5 inhibits HIV-1 polypurine tract primed plus-strand DNA elongation, indicating viral DNA synthesis initiation at multiple sites under drug pressure
Authors: Zhang Xing-Jie , Wang Rui-Rui , Chen Huan , Luo Rong-Hua , Yang Liu-Meng , Liu Jing-Ping , Sun Han-Dong , Zhang Hong-Bin , Xiao Wei-Lie , Zheng Yong-Tang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn a previous study the small molecule SJP-L-5 that inhibits HIV replication, has been shown to block uncoating of the viral capsid. Continued study showed that SJP-L-5 might hinder HIV capsid uncoating by blocking the completion of reverse transcription. However, to date, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, the effects of SJP-L-5 for reverse transcription were explored via quantitative PCR, DIG-labelled ELISA, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, and Southern blot assays. We also analyzed the resistance profile of this compound against reverse transcriptase. Our results show that SJP-L-5 preferentially inhibits PPT primed plus-strand DNA synthesis (EC50 = 13.4 ± 3.0 μM) over RNA primed minus-strand DNA synthesis (EC50 > 3,646 μM), resulting in formation of five segmented plus-strand DNA and loss of HIV DNA flap, suggesting failure of both nuclear import and integration. Moreover, resistance study evidenced that SJP-L-5 requires the amino acid residues Val108 and Tyr181 to exert an inhibitory effect. These results indicate SJP-L-5 as a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that inhibits HIV-1 polypurine tract primed plus-strand DNA synthesis, initiating HIV-1 down-stream plus-strand DNA synthesis at multiple sites under drug pressure.
Traumatic Cataract in Children in Eastern China: Shanghai Pediatric Cataract Study
Authors: Du Yu , He Wenwen , Sun Xinghuai , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTraumatic cataract is a main cause of visual impairment in pediatric populations and is preventable. Awareness of the causes and consequences of pediatric eye trauma play roles in health education and prevention of blindness. We conducted a retrospective chart review based on 5-year clinical data of pediatric traumatic cataract cases treated at the Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Clinical features including demographic data, injury mechanism, and causative agents were analyzed. A total of 321 eyes of 321 children (male, 74.1%) were included. Penetrating injury accounted for 76.6% of all injuries; 65% of children with such injuries underwent their first surgery on the day of injury. The average age at injury was 6.3 ± 3.7 years, while the peak age was from two to eight years. The main causes of ocular injury were sharp metal objects, toys, and wooden sticks. The causative agent changed with increasing age; however, scissors were the leading cause within almost all age groups. Cataract surgery significantly improved visual acuity in children with traumatic cataract. These findings add information regarding the characterization of pediatric traumatic cataract in China and can help guide safety education and preventative measures.
Speciation determination of iron and its spatial and seasonal distribution in coastal river
Authors: Zhu Yun , Hu Xueping , Pan Dawei , Han Haitao , Lin Mingyue , Lu Yan , Wang Chenchen , Zhu Rilong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this study, the speciation of iron (Fe), including total Fe (TFe) and acidified dissolved Fe (ADFe), was assessed by fast cathodic absorption stripping voltammetry, using a gold electrode and 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) as a novel complexing agent for Fe. The validity and accuracy of this method were compared with the standard spectrophotometry and tested by the standard samples. Under optimized conditions, the Fe response was linear within the range of 0.01 to 1 μM with a detection limit of 1.2 nM. To further validate this method, the variation in concentrations of TFe and ADFe were investigated at twelve sampling stations in a local coastal river, in both the dry and wet season. Additionally, to further understand the interaction between Fe and environmental factors, the relationships between the concentration of Fe species and dissolved oxygen (DO) and salinity were also discussed.
Error Consistency in Acquired Apraxia of Speech With Aphasia: Effects of the Analysis Unit
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Cunningham Kevin T. , Eaton Catherine Torrington , Jacks Adam 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Diagnostic recommendations for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) have been contradictory concerning whether speech sound errors are consistent or variable. Studies have reported divergent findings that, on face value, could argue either for or against error consistency as a diagnostic criterion. The purpose of this study was to explain discrepancies in error consistency results based on the unit of analysis (segment, syllable, or word) to help determine which diagnostic recommendation is most appropriate.

Method
We analyzed speech samples from 14 left-hemisphere stroke survivors with clinical diagnoses of AOS and aphasia. Each participant produced 3 multisyllabic words 5 times in succession. Broad phonetic transcriptions of these productions were coded for consistency of error location and type using the word and its constituent syllables and sound segments as units of analysis.

Results
Consistency of error type varied systematically with the unit of analysis, showing progressively greater consistency as the analysis unit changed from the word to the syllable and then to the sound segment. Consistency of error location varied considerably across participants and correlated positively with error frequency.

Conclusions
Low to moderate consistency of error type at the word level confirms original diagnostic accounts of speech output and sound errors in AOS as variable in form. Moderate to high error type consistency at the syllable and sound levels indicate that phonetic error patterns are present. The results are complementary and logically compatible with each other and with the literature.
K‐band frequency‐selective limiter using an injection locked oscillator for blocker cancellation
Authors: Choi K. , Jung J. , Park H. , Seo T. , Jeong J. , Kwon Y. 
Published: February 2018

A frequency‐selective limiter (FSL) using an injection locked oscillator (ILO) is proposed for a blocker cancellation, which employs an ILO in the feedforward path as a high‐Q notch filter to select and amplify the blocker from the input signal. The ILO also functions as a phase shifter providing a proper phase delay so that two blockers in the feedforward and thru paths cancel each other out in the combining node. The proposed FSL is fabricated in a commercial 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT process with a maximum blocker suppression of 27 dB in the 50 MHz spacing two‐tone measurement at the K‐band. Thus, it provides a blocker suppression higher than 20 dB over the 250 MHz blocker bandwidth.
Asymmetric emission of the [OIII]λ5007 profile in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Schmidt E. O. , Oio G. A. , Ferreiro D. , Vega L. , Weidmann W. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Many active galactic nuclei (AGN) and particularly narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, usually exhibit blueshifts and blue wings in several emission lines, which are mainly associated with outflows and strong winds. Although there is no clear evidence of the physical origin of the [OIII] blue wings, it has been suggested that they could be emitted from the inner parts of the narrow-line region (NLR).
Aims. In order to study the radial velocity difference between the narrow component of Hβ and the core component of [OIII]λ5007 and the asymmetric emission of this forbidden line, we investigate a sample of NLS1 galaxies. One of the aims of this paper is to analyze the blue wings of the [OIII] 5007 profiles and their relation with the central engine.
Methods. We have obtained and studied medium-resolution spectra (190 km s−1 FWHM at Hβ) of a sample of 28 NLS1 galaxies in the optical range 4300–5200 Å. We performed Gaussian decomposition to the Hβ and [OIII]λλ 4959,5007 emission profiles in order to study the distinct components of these lines.
Results. A new blue outlier galaxy is found, in which the center of the core component of [OIII] is blueshifted by 405 km s−1 relative to the center of the narrow component of Hβ line. We confirmed a previously known correlation between the blueshift and the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the core component of [OIII]λ5007 line. We also corroborated the correlation between the latter and the velocity of the centroid of the blue wing. On the other hand, by studying the radial velocity difference between the blue end of the asymmetric emission and the centroid of the core component of [OIII], we found a correlation between it and the central black hole mass and, therefore, with the luminosity of the broad component of Hβ. Finally, we found a moderate correlation between the luminosity of the [OIII] blue wing and the black hole mass.
Conclusions. These results suggest that the asymmetric emission of the [OIII] lines is related to the central engine, not only through the black hole but also in the intensity of the AGN, which is in agreement with previous results.
Efficient Biginelli Synthesis of 2-Aminodihydropyrimidines under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Felluga Fulvia , Benedetti Fabio , Berti Federico , Drioli Sara , Regini Giorgia 
Published: February 2018

A practical and general method for the Biginelli cyclocondensation of guanidine with aldehydes and β-dicarbonyl compounds is described and illustrated with the synthesis of a set of 26 functionalized 2-amino-3,4-dihydropyrimidines. The simple protocol involves the ­microwave-mediated reaction of a twofold excess of guanidine hydrochloride with the required reaction partners in an alcohol at 120 °C. Yields are generally good, with short reaction times and a simple workup. The scope is considerably wider than that of similar reactions ­carried out under conventional heating.
Exploring Data Quality Management within Clinical Trials
Authors: Houston Lauren , Probst Yasmine , Yu Ping , Martin Allison 
Published: February 2018

Background Clinical trials are an important research method for improving medical knowledge and patient care. Multiple international and national guidelines stipulate the need for data quality and assurance. Many strategies and interventions are developed to reduce error in trials, including standard operating procedures, personnel training, data monitoring, and design of case report forms. However, guidelines are nonspecific in the nature and extent of necessary methods.
Objective This article gathers information about current data quality tools and procedures used within Australian clinical trial sites, with the aim to develop standard data quality monitoring procedures to ensure data integrity.
Methods Relevant information about data quality management methods and procedures, error levels, data monitoring, staff training, and development were collected. Staff members from 142 clinical trials listed on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) clinical trials Web site were invited to complete a short self-reported semiquantitative anonymous online survey.
Results Twenty (14%) clinical trials completed the survey. Results from the survey indicate that procedures to ensure data quality varies among clinical trial sites. Centralized monitoring (65%) was the most common procedure to ensure high-quality data. Ten (50%) trials reported having a data management plan in place and two sites utilized an error acceptance level to minimize discrepancy, set at <5% and 5 to 10%, respectively. The quantity of data variables checked (10–100%), the frequency of visits (once-a-month to annually), and types of variables (100%, critical data or critical and noncritical data audits) for data monitoring varied among respondents. The average time spent on staff training per person was 11.58 hours over a 12-month period and the type of training was diverse.
Conclusion Clinical trial sites are implementing ad hoc methods pragmatically to ensure data quality. Findings highlight the necessity for further research into “standard practice” focusing on developing and implementing publicly available data quality monitoring procedures.
Diet, Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Haghikia Aiden , Linker Ralf 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring recent years, research into the causes of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially in the field of genetic risks of this disease, has made immense advances, thanks to new molecular biology techniques and large consortia. However, the functional relevance of disease-associated risk gene variants remains unclear, and representing about one-third of the overall risk compared to environmental risk factors, plays a smaller role. Thus, the further identification and, where appropriate, prevention of environmental risks is currently the focus of research. Here recently, risk factors for MS have been shown which are closely related to Western diet and lifestyle, such as high consumption of salt and cigarette smoking. In addition, the human gut continues to be the focus of research: with its large surface, the gut offers immense opportunities for interaction between intestinal bacteria, food and their metabolic products, as well as the immune system associated with the gut. In the present paper, we summarize the findings of the constantly growing research field dealing with the gut, nutrition and MS, and discuss how these findings, as shown recently for fatty acids, could have translational-therapeutic potential.
Usefulness of cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy using SpyGlass DS for preoperative evaluation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a pilot study
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Ito Kei , Koshita Shinsuke , Kanno Yoshihide , Masu Kaori , Kusunose Hiroaki , Sakai Toshitaka , Murabayashi Toji , Hasegawa Sho , Noda Yutaka 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Evaluation of longitudinal tumor extent is indispensable for curative surgical treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy using a newly developed peroral digital cholangioscope, SpyGlass DS (SpyDS), for preoperative evaluation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Patients and methods Thirteen patients (mean age, 75 years; male 10, female 3) with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy using SpyDS for preoperative evaluation were included in this study. Successful cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy was defined as the acquisition of specimens sufficient for histopathological diagnosis.
Results The mean number of biopsies was 5 per patient. The overall success rate for cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy was 88 % (59/67). The success rate for cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy from the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts was 89 %, that from the B4 confluence was 93 %, that from the confluence of the right anterior and right posterior segmental ducts was 86 %, that from the intrapancreatic common bile duct was 67 %, and that from the main lesion was 100 %. The overall diagnostic accuracy of longitudinal tumor extent at the hepatic side, the duodenal side and overall by cholangioscopic findings and mapping biopsy, was 88 % (7/8), 88 % (7/8) and 88 % (7/8), respectively. Assessment according to location of the main lesion revealed that diagnostic accuracy in the patients with distal bile duct carcinoma was 100 % (5/5) and that in patients with perihilar bile duct carcinoma was 66 % (2/3). Complications after the procedure did not occur in any patients.
Conclusions Cholangioscopic-guided mapping biopsy using SpyDS is thought to be feasible for preoperative evaluation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Operative Therapie der weiblichen Inkontinenz
Authors: Zugor Vahudin , Akbarov Ilgar , Karapanos Leonidas , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie weibliche Belastungsinkontinenz stellt ein weit verbreitetes Problem dar. So sind in Deutschland etwa 4 – 5 Millionen Frauen davon betroffen. Die Zahl von Patientinnen wird aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung in Zukunft weiter steigen. Auch muss aufgrund der Tabuisierung des Themas von einer hohen Dunkelziffer an betroffenen Patientinnen ausgegangen werden. Die weibliche Harninkontinenz wird von der International Continence Society (ICS) als jeder unwillkürliche Urinverlust bezeichnet, der objektiv nachweisbar ist und zudem zu sozialer Beeinträchtigung führt.Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung ist eine gründliche urologische Untersuchung zur Evaluation der Art und der Ursache der Inkontinenz. Hierzu sind neben einer gezielten Anamnese der genauen Art der Inkontinenzsymptome und einer körperlichen Untersuchung des Genitalbereiches ggf. auch weiterführende Ultraschall- und Röntgenuntersuchungen der Blase notwendig. Ebenfalls können zur Evaluation der Blasenfunktion eine urodynamische Untersuchung sowie eine Zystoskopie zur Diagnostik notwendig sein. Die Therapieoptionen der Belastungsinkontinenz beinhalten zuerst konservative Maßnahmen wie eine Gewichtsreduktion und eine physiotherapeutische Beübung des Beckenbodens, weitere Möglichkeiten sind eine Elektrostimulation, Konus- sowie Pessar-Therapien und bei Bedarf eine lokale Östrogenisierung in der Postmenopause oder auch ein medikamentöser Therapieversuch mit Serotonin-Noradrenalin-Rezeptoren-Inhibitor (Duloxetin). Bei Versagen der konservativen Therapieoptionen sollte eine operative Therapie mit den Patientinnen besprochen werden.Neben aufwendigen offen-operativen Verfahren der früheren Jahrzehnte wie der Kolposuspension oder der Faszienzügelplastiken haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend minimal-invasive Techniken etabliert, die einfach und schnell durchführbar sind sowie wenig belastend für die Patientinnen und die Belastungsinkontinenz zuverlässig und nachhaltig therapieren. Die spannungsfreien, mitturethralen Schlingen können mittlerweile als etablierte und weitverbreitete Techniken in der Behandlung der Belastungsinkontinenz bezeichnet werden. Die Implantation eines artifiziellen Sphinkters hat sich als sichere und verlässliche Methode zur Behandlung der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz höheren Grades und unterschiedlicher Ätiologie erwiesen, bleibt aktuell aber Spezialfällen vorbehalten.
OCT Angiography of the Central Macular Capillary Network in Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: Müller Olena , Todorova Margarita G. , Schlote Torsten 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate central macular microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to analyse its relation to alterations in classical parameters of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma patients.
Methods Using OCTA (Avanti incl. AngioVue; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA), the superficial flow (SF) and the superficial non-flow (SNF) area of the macula, as well as the S-ETDRS (based on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy charts). and S-grid vessel density (zones 1 – 9) of the macula, were evaluated in 27 glaucoma patients (49 eyes) and compared to those of 27 age-matched healthy controls (50 eyes; p = 0.253). The interactions between OCTA parameters representing macular microvasculature and classical OCT measurements of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cells (mGCC) were analysed within groups (linear mixed-effects model).
Results SF, SNF, and S-ETDRS vessel density exhibited no significant difference between the glaucoma and control groups (all p ≥ 0.158). However, within the glaucoma group, decreased RNFL and mGCC thickness correlated significantly with decreased S-ETDRS density (zones 1; 2 – 9, p ≤ 0.033). The same held true for the interactions between the RNFL and mGCC thickness with S-grid density (zones 1 – 3; 6 – 9; p ≤ 0.033). For perimetric glaucoma patients, subgroup analyses demonstrated significantly reduced density maps of superficial foveal flow as well as significant interactions between OCT and OCTA parameters; this was not the case within the preperimetric group.
Conclusions Even if the central macular microvasculature, as measured by SF and SNF, is found preserved in glaucoma, the strong positive relation between the central microvascular and structural changes in OCTA and OCT indicates that there are alterations in central macular microvasculature in subclinical glaucoma.
Anreicherung eines GKV-Datensatzes mit amtlichen Todesursachen über einen Abgleich mit dem Epidemiologischen Krebsregister Nordrhein-Westfalen: Machbarkeitsstudie und Methodenvergleich
Authors: Langner Ingo , Krieg Volker , Heidinger Oliver , Hense Hans Werner , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Für die Evaluation von Krebsvorsorgeprogrammen stellen Daten der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) eine wichtige Datenquelle dar, die jedoch nicht die benötigten Daten zum genauen Sterbedatum und zur Todesursache enthält. Diese Studie sollte prüfen, ob eine diesbezügliche Anreicherung individueller GKV-Daten über einen Abgleich mit einer geeigneten externen Datenquelle erfolgen kann.
Methodik In der pharmako-epidemiologischen Forschungsdatenbank GePaRD identifizierten wir eine Versichertenstichprobe von 25 528 Frauen, die laut den Angaben in GePaRD im Zeitraum 2006–2013 verstorben waren und ihren Wohnsitz in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) hatten. Datum und Ursache des Todes aller Einwohner von NRW seit 2005 liegen im Epidemiologischen Krebsregister von NRW vor. In Kooperation mit 2 gesetzlichen Krankenkassen wurde mit einem probabilistischen bzw. deterministischen Abgleichverfahren versucht, jeder Verstorbenen der Stichprobe einen Todesfall aus NRW und damit eine Todesursache zuzuordnen.
Ergebnisse Für 94,72% der Verstorbenen der Versichertenstichprobe konnte probabilistisch und für 93,36% deterministisch ein Todesfall aus NRW zugeordnet werden.
Schlussfolgerung Das probabilistische und das deterministische Verfahren erreichten vergleichbar hohe Trefferquoten. Nicht erfolgte Zuordnungen sind vermutlich größtenteils auf Fehler bei der Erfassung der Personendaten zurückzuführen. Aufgrund des geringeren technischen Aufwands erscheint das deterministische Verfahren als die Methode der Wahl für die Anreicherung von GKV-Daten mit amtlichen Todesursachen aus geeigneten externen Datenquellen.