bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Rat Model of Seizures Suitable for Screening Antiepileptic Electrical Stimulation Therapies
Authors: Sevcencu Cristian , Jiao Jianhang , Harreby Kristian Rauhe , Jensen Winnie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe antiepileptic effects of the electrical stimulation therapies developed for patients with intractable epilepsies depend critically on the stimulation parameters, including the pulse duration, current, and frequency. Consequently, optimization of such therapies requires many animals for testing each of the stimulation parameters alone or in combination, which is costly and time consuming. This drawback could be reduced by testing several stimulation paradigms in each animal, but this requires an animal model of long‐lasting seizures allowing such repetitive tests. This study was performed to validate such a model of long‐lasting seizures. The present analysis was performed on electrocorticogram and intracortical signals collected from the somatosensory cortex of 11 Sprague Dawley rats. A protocol of controlled intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was developed to induce spike‐and‐wave (SW) seizures and maintain stable those seizures for the whole experimental time. SW discharges were induced and maintained stable for 2 h in all rats through a two‐stage infusion of PTZ. During the first stage, the SW discharges were induced by 2.5 min infusion of 10 mg/kg/min PTZ. During the second stage, the SW discharges were maintained at a stable level of frequency and power for 2 h via a 0.21 mg/kg/min PTZ infusion rate. The proposed animal model of seizures is characterized by SW discharges which remain stable for 2 h. This 2‐h long time interval allows repetitive tests with different stimulation parameters in each animal, which may lead to a significant reduction of the number of animals necessary for optimizing electrical stimulation therapies developed to inhibit seizures.
Editorial: yoga for QoL in ulcerative colitis—any better than other supportive activities? Authors’ reply
Authors: Cramer H. , Dobos G. , Langhorst J. 
Published: June 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Andrews and Cramer et al papers. To view these
articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14115 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14062.
Using automated patch clamp electrophysiology platforms in pain‐related ion channel research: insights from industry and academia
Authors: Bell Damian C , Dallas Mark L 
Published: June 2017

Automated patch clamp (APC) technology was first developed at the turn of the millennium. The increased throughput it afforded promised a new paradigm in ion channel recordings, offering the potential to overcome the time‐consuming, low‐throughput bottleneck, arising from manual patch clamp investigations. This has relevance to the fast‐paced development of novel therapies for chronic pain. This review highlights the advances in technology, using select examples that have facilitated APC usage in both industry and academia. It covers both first generation and the latest developments in second‐generation platforms. In addition, it also provides an overview of the pain research field and how APC platforms have furthered our understanding of ion channel research and the development of pharmacological tools and therapeutics. APC platforms have much to offer to the ion channel research community, and this review highlights areas of best practice for both academia and industry. The impact of APC platforms and the prospects of ion channel research and improved therapeutics for chronic pain will be evaluated.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Approches formelles en transmission stratégique de l'information : une boîte à outils pour les décideurs publics
Authors: Béchard Benoît 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBecause the elected official requires the civil servant's expertise and the latter owes its survival to its political superior, many see this interface as a strategic opportunity. This dynamic scoping review of the existing literature gathers the main works about strategic transmission of information in a descriptive framework tailored to the needs of practitioners in the state apparatus. Since strategy is likely to influence the output of a decision, formal literature should be considered as a toolbox able to optimize information transmission. Aware of this reality, the public actors break the strategic determinism of such exchanges.
The conundrum of absenteeism in the Canadian public service: A wicked problem perspective
Authors: McGrandle Jocelyn , Ohemeng Frank L. K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAbsenteeism has received increasing attention in public sectors across the world. In Canada's federal public service, absenteeism cost the government approximately $871 million in lost wages in 2013 alone (Barkel 2014a). Current and previous Canadian governments have attempted to reform sick‐leave policy to reduce absenteeism, but simple solutions to a complex problem will likely result in negative and unforeseen consequences. This article conceptualizes absenteeism as a “wicked problem” to explore its complexity. Addressing absenteeism requires a deeper understanding of issues and factors by government representatives, unions, NGOs, and policy experts, which can lead to multifaceted solutions.
Parental disease prevention health beliefs and triggers for keeping children home from childcare—a qualitative study in Sydney, Australia
Authors: King C. L. , Leask J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundInfectious diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in children less than 5 years of age. Children attending childcare centres are at increased risk of contracting infections. It is of public health interest to understand what triggers and underpins parental decisions to send an unwell child to childcare, with the obvious attendant risks to other children and childcare staff as well as the affected child. This study aimed to examine parents' disease prevention health beliefs and practices with a particular focus on how these factors influence childcare attendance decisions.MethodsSemistructured, in‐depth interviews were conducted between June 2009 and May 2011 with parents who had at least one child under 5 years of age enrolled in a childcare centre. Six centres in the metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia, were selected to include parents from a range of demographic and socio‐economic backgrounds.ResultsForty‐two interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed. Themes emerging from the data included “vitamin dirt,” contagion, and contagion prevention and control. These interacted with parents' decision‐making about childcare attendance, and parents made choices in a complex context of obligations to their child, social contract obligations to others, peer expectations, and the need to work. Vaccination received only scant mention as a preventive health measure. Decision‐making by parents concerning childcare attendance was made without reference to any external guidelines.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into parental disease prevention beliefs, behaviours, and decision‐making. It reveals a need for policies to support parents with unwell children. In addition, resources and educative efforts to raise awareness of vaccination as a preventive health measure, and awareness of infectious disease contagion more broadly, would assist in providing parents with a greater evidence base for making decisions about childcare attendance when their child is unwell.
Saliva testing for human papilloma virus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Qureishi A. , Ali M. , Fraser L. , Shah K.A. , Møller H. , Winter S. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundNew cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are routinely tested for HPV. HPV in saliva can be detected with PCR, but its clinical applicability in the context of OPSCC remains unknown.MethodsForty‐six consecutive patients diagnosed with OPSCC had pre‐treatment saliva specimens collected. PCR for HPV on saliva was compared to p16 IHC and HPV DNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) on surgical biopsies.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of saliva testing when compared to the reference test of p16 IHC and HPV DNA ISH were 72.2% and 90%, and positive and negative predictive values were 96.3% and 47.4%. There were no adverse events. Time from last meal, smoking, alcohol drinking and physical exercise did not impact on results.ConclusionsSaliva testing is a promising test to detect HPV in patients with OPSCC. A positive result could avoid the need for surgical biopsies, thereby reducing costs, patient morbidity and expedite treatment.
Research on genodermatoses using novel genome‐editing tools
Authors: Lehmann Janin , Seebode Christina , Emmert Steffen 
Published: June 2017

SummaryGenodermatoses comprise a clinically heterogeneous group of mostly devastating disorders affecting the skin. To date, treatment options have in general been limited to symptom relief. However, the recent technical evolution in genome editing has ushered in a new era in the development of causal therapies for rare monogenetic diseases such as genodermatoses. The present review revisits the advantages and drawbacks of engineered nuclease tools currently available: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases, and – the most innovative – clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐associated (Cas) nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. A mechanistic overview of the different modes of action of these programmable nucleases as well as their significance for causal therapy of genodermatoses is presented. Remaining limitations and challenges such as efficient delivery and off‐target activity are critically discussed, highlighting both the past and future of gene therapy in dermatology.
Young children discover how to deceive in 10 days: a microgenetic study
Authors: Ding Xiao Pan , Heyman Gail D. , Fu Genyue , Zhu Bo , Lee Kang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigated how the ability to deceive emerges in early childhood among a sample of young preschoolers (Mean age = 34.7 months). We did this via a 10‐session microgenetic method that took place over a 10‐day period. In each session, children played a zero‐sum game against an adult to win treats. In the game, children hid the treats and had opportunities (10 trials) to win them by providing deceptive information about their whereabouts to the adult. Although children initially showed little or no ability to deceive, most spontaneously discovered deception and systematically used it to win the game by the tenth day. Both theory of mind and executive function skills were predictive of relatively faster patterns of discovery. These results are the first to provide evidence for the importance of cognitive skills and social experience in the discovery of deception over time in early childhood.
Pricing Political Rallies
Authors: Fuller Caleb S. , Lucas David S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhy are political rallies free to attend? Fundraising is a central campaign activity and a perennial correlate of political victory. We argue that politicians set a zero price for rallies in order to reap a non‐pecuniary benefit: political support. An ‘allocation by waiting’ scheme selects those attendees with a lower opportunity cost of time relative to a standard ‘allocation by price’ scheme. Transactions costs mitigate Coasean bargaining by removing the secondary market, thereby altering the composition of the average rally crowd. This mechanism allows politicians to facilitate exchange with ‘general interests’: citizens who do not engage in rent seeking due to collective action costs but still stand to gain from redistributive policies.
SHOULD THERE BE FREEDOM OF DISSOCIATION?
Authors: Oderberg David S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractContemporary liberal societies are seeing increasing pressure on individuals to act against their consciences. Most of the pressure is directed at freedom of religion but it also affects ethical beliefs more generally, contrary to the recognition of freedom of religion and conscience as a basic human right. I propose that freedom of dissociation, as a corollary of freedom of association, could be a practical and ethically acceptable solution to the conscience problem. I examine freedom of association and explain how freedom of dissociation follows from it, showing how dissociation protects freedom of religion and conscience. Extreme cases, such as the problem of the Satanist nurse, can be handled within a dissociationist framework, so it is reasonable to think less extreme cases can also be dealt with. The serious objection that dissociationism entails unjust discrimination is answered primarily by appeal to the need for ‘full and fair access’ to goods and services by all groups. I then allay important concerns about what kind of liberal society we should want to live in. Next, I refute the charge that a dissociationist society violates liberalism's ‘higher good’, arguing that liberalism strictly does not have a higher good. I conclude with some reflections on what a dissociationist society might look like.
JUDAISM AND LIBERALISM: ISRAEL’S ECONOMIC PROBLEM WITH ITS HAREDIM
Authors: Conway David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article argues that, in the arrangements for the public provision of welfare for the poor and a basic education for all in both biblical and post‐biblical times, Judaism is more closely in accord with classical liberalism than it is with those variants of liberalism which favour no more than the minimal night‐watchman state as well as those which favour the extensive welfare states of contemporary Western social democracies. To the extent that Israel's ultra‐orthodox Jews (its Haredim) have been able to secure more by way of state subsidies (through exploiting the leverage their country's national system of proportional representation has given them, which often leaves them holding the balance of power), not only are they endangering Israel's viability as a vibrant, developed liberal democracy, they are also guilty of departing from the religious teachings and tradition of Jewish orthodoxy.
Lowering the Marginal Corporate Tax Rate: Why the Debate?
Authors: Anguelov Nikolay 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn an effort to attract new investors and retain existing producers, governments use corporate tax rates as a policy tool for industrial recruitment, resulting in inter‐state tax competition. Foreign direct investment (FDI) growth and GDP growth are the two policy outcomes gauged in inter‐state tax competition. The assumption is that lower corporate taxes lead to increases in FDI, which results in capital formation that generates GDP growth. This 60‐nation panel study tests that assumption through examining economic indicators contingent on taxation, such as FDI and mergers and acquisitions among multinational corporations between 1999 and 2009. The results suggest that reduced corporate tax rates can increase FDI but decrease annual GDP growth. The main policy implication is that tax competition may attract investment, but may not promote overall economic growth, offering support for value‐extraction theories.
University reform and institutional autonomy: A framework for analysing the living autonomy
Authors: Maassen Peter , Gornitzka Åse , Fumasoli Tatiana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article we discuss recent university reforms aimed at enhancing university autonomy, highlighting various tensions in the underlying reform ideologies. We examine how the traditional interpretation of university autonomy has been expanded in the reform rationales. An analytical framework for studying how autonomy is interpreted and used inside the university is presented, which allows us to highlight that in order to understand the implications of enhanced university autonomy, we have to go beyond the scrutiny of formal arrangements and analyse practices of autonomy within the university which we refer to as the university?s living autonomy. Finally we introduce ideas for further research on the living autonomy with the use of our analytical framework.
Effect of mixed kojis on physiochemical and sensory properties of rapid‐fermented fish sauce made with freshwater fish by‐products
Authors: Zhao Jiuxiang , Jiang Qixing , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mixed kojis on essential indices of fish sauce. Fish sauce inoculated with mixed kojis (FSB, Aspergillus oryzae koji:Aspergillus niger koji = 3:1) and A. oryzae koji (FSA, control) was prepared. At the end of fermentation, the content of amino nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen, Free amino acid (FAA) and glutamic acid in FSB increased by 7.50%, 7.84%, 9.80% and 28.43% compared to FSA, due to higher acid protease activity in mixed kojis. Moreover, flavour groups including phenols, ketones and nitrogen‐containing compounds in FSB were also improved. According to the results of sensory evaluation, FSB showed higher intensity of umami and caramel attributes, lower intensity of ammonia and sour attributes. All the results suggested that the usage of mixed kojis to produce fish sauce was an effective method that can accelerate the fermentation process and improve the flavour of fish sauce made with freshwater fish by‐products.
Perceived social support and psychosocial adjustment in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Karataş Tuğba , Bostanoğlu Hatice 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis study was performed to assess perceived social support and psychosocial adjustment in patients with coronary heart disease.MethodsParticipants were 250 patients referred to the cardiology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between December 2013 and March 2014. Data were collected using a participant information form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale‐Self‐Report. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsPatients' mean perceived social support scores were relatively low and patients' mean scores for psychosocial adjustment considered to be poor. Subgroups in the psychosocial adjustment and social support scales were significantly associated.ConclusionThis study's results indicate that patients' social support is linked to their psychosocial adjustment to coronary heart disease. As psychosocial adjustment is inhibited in patients who lack sufficient social support, sources of social support of patients should be identified and facilitated.
Knockdown of a metathoracic scent gland desaturase enhances the production of (E)‐4‐oxo‐2‐hexenal and suppresses female sexual attractiveness in the plant bug Adelphocoris suturalis
Authors: Luo J. , Li Z. , Ma C. , Zhang Z. , Hull J. J. , Lei C. , Jin S. , Chen L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInsect sex pheromones (SPs) are central to mate‐finding behaviour, and play an essential role in the survival and reproduction of organisms. Understanding the roles, biosynthetic pathways and evolution of insect chemical communication systems has been an exciting challenge for biologists. Compared with Lepidoptera, little is known about the mechanisms underlying pheromone biosynthesis in Hemiptera. In this study, we isolated and characterized two new desaturase‐like genes, termed Asutdes1 and Asutdes2, from Adelphocoris suturalis, an important agricultural pest in China. Although the two genes encode an identical protein, Southern blot analysis revealed that they are duplicated genes. The Asutdes2 transcript is more abundant than Asutdes1 in the tissues tested, in particular the metathoracic scent gland and fat body. Silencing Asutdes expression in females by injecting double‐stranded RNA (dsAsutdes) against a portion of the coding sequence shared by the two genes enhanced the production of (E)‐4‐oxo‐2‐hexenal, a component of the A. suturalis SP blend, and dramatically suppressed the sexual attractiveness of A. suturalis females. We conclude that dsAsutdes is associated with the SP biosynthetic pathway in A. suturalis.
Diet‐induced early‐stage atherosclerosis in baboons: Lipoproteins, atherogenesis, and arterial compliance
Authors: Mahaney Michael C. , Karere Genesio M. , Rainwater David L. , Voruganti Venkata S. , Dick Edward J. , Owston Michael A. , Rice Karen S. , Cox Laura A. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , VandeBerg John L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary manipulation can reliably induce early‐stage atherosclerosis and clinically relevant changes in vascular function in an established, well‐characterized non‐human primate model.MethodsWe fed 112 baboons a high‐cholesterol, high‐fat challenge diet for two years. We assayed circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, at 0, 7, and 104 weeks into the challenge; assessed arterial compliance noninvasively at 104 weeks; and measured atherosclerotic lesions in three major arteries at necropsy.ResultsWe observed evidence of atherosclerosis in all but one baboon fed the two‐year challenge diet. CVD risk biomarkers, the prevalence, size, and complexity of arterial lesions, plus consequent arterial stiffness, were increased in comparison with dietary control animals.ConclusionsFeeding baboons a high‐cholesterol, high‐fat diet for two years reliably induces atherosclerosis, with risk factor profiles, arterial lesions, and changes in vascular function also seen in humans.
Maternal morbidity and associated factors at a tertiary care Centre in Karachi: A critical analysis
Authors: Hashmi Haleema Akhter , Umer Sarwat , Ahmed Syed Ijlal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe study was conducted to identify maternal morbidity and associated factors such intensive care unit admission and surgical intervention.MethodsPregnant and six‐week post‐partum women without any other comorbidy were recruited from January 2014 to December 2015 from the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. A structurally designed questionnaire was used to record demographic data and factors related to the management and intervention of maternal conclusions.ResultsA total of 213 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 27.87 ± 5.26 years, mean parity of 2.02 ± 1.88 and mean gestational period of 32.48 ± 7.93. The details of 186 neonatal cases were also recorded: 47 neonates were admitted to the intensive care unit, while 23 were kept on ventilation. The primary complication was post‐partum hemorrhage. The most common intervention methods used was lower segment cesarean section.ConclusionThe concept of maternal morbidity is developing as a new indicator for the assessment of maternal healthcare services. Public health awareness programs should be conducted for health professionals to combat the high incidence of maternal morbidity.