bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal super obesity and risk for intensive care unit admission in the MFMU Cesarean Registry
Authors: Smid Marcela C. , Dotters‐Katz Sarah K. , Vaught Arthur J. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Boggess Kim A. , Stamilio David M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionObesity is a risk factor for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in nonpregnant populations. Less is known about maternal obesity and ICU admission risk. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between maternal obesity and ICU admission among women who delivered via cesarean section or vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC).Material and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis of women who delivered via VBAC or cesarean section in the Maternal–Fetal Medicine Unit (MFMU) Cesarean Registry. We defined exposure as body mass index (BMI) at delivery stratified as non‐obese (BMI 18.5–29.9 kg/m2), class I or II obese (BMI 30–39.9 kg/m2), morbidly obese (BMI 40–49.9 kg/m2), and super obese (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2). The primary outcome was ICU admission. Modified Poisson regression models estimated relative risk (RR) of ICU admission by obesity strata, after adjusting for confounders. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the proportion of ICU admission risk attributable specifically to obesity.ResultsWe included 68 455 women; 40% non‐obese, 46% class I or II obese, 12% morbidly obese, and 2% super obese. Super obese women were at higher risk for ICU admission compared with non‐obese women (0.7 vs. 1.3%, adjusted RR 1.61; 95% CI 1.01–2.65), after adjusting for confounders. Among super obese women, medical comorbidities mediated 58% of ICU admission risk, suggesting that a significant proportion of ICU admission is driven by maternal obesity.ConclusionsSuper obese women who deliver by cesarean section or VBAC are at increased risk of peripartum ICU admission. Obstetricians and critical care specialists should consider possible ICU admission during delivery planning.
Effects of single‐agent bortezomib as post‐transplant consolidation therapy on multiple myeloma‐related bone disease: a randomized phase II study
Authors: Sezer Orhan , Beksac Meral , Hajek Roman , Sucak Gülsan , Cagirgan Seckin , Linkesch Werner , Meltem Akay Olga , Gülbas Zafer , Nahi Hareth , Plesner Torben , Snowden John A. , Timurağaoğlu Ayşen , Dechow Tobias , Lang Alois , Tuğlular Tülin , Drach Johannes , Armbrecht Gabriele , Potamianou Anna , Couturier Catherine , Olie Robert A. , Feys Caroline , Allietta Nathalie , Terpos Evangelos 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis phase II study explored the effects of bortezomib consolidation versus observation on myeloma‐related bone disease in patients who had a partial response or better after frontline high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Patients were randomized to receive four 35‐day cycles of bortezomib 1·6 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8, 15 and 22, or an equivalent observation period, and followed up for disease status/survival. The modified intent‐to‐treat population included 104 patients (51 bortezomib, 53 observation). There were no meaningful differences in the primary endpoint of change from baseline to end of treatment in bone mineral density (BMD). End‐of‐treatment rates (bortezomib versus observation) of complete response/stringent complete response were 22% vs. 11% (P = 0·19), very good partial response or better of 80% vs. 68% (P = 0·17), and progressive disease of 8% vs. 23% (P = 0·06); median progression‐free survival was 44·9 months vs. 21·8 months (P = 0·22). Adverse events observed ≥15% more frequently with bortezomib versus observation were diarrhoea (37% vs. 0), peripheral sensory neuropathy (20% vs. 4%), nausea (18% vs. 0) and vomiting (16% vs. 0). Compared with observation, bortezomib appeared to have little impact on bone metabolism/health, but was associated with trends for improved myeloma response and survival.
Timing and magnitude of early to middle Holocene warming in East Greenland inferred from chironomids
Authors: Axford Yarrow , Levy Laura B. , Kelly Meredith A. , Francis Donna R. , Hall Brenda L. , Langdon Peter G. , Lowell Thomas V. 
Published: April 2017

Much of Greenland experienced summers warmer than present in parts of the early to middle Holocene, during a precession‐driven positive anomaly in summer insolation. However, the magnitude of that warmth remains poorly known, and its timing and spatial pattern are uncertain. Here we describe the first quantitative Holocene palaeotemperature reconstruction from central East Greenland based upon insect (chironomid) assemblages preserved in lake sediments. We postulate that landscapes like our study site, characterized by minimal soil and vegetation development through the Holocene and thus little influenced by some important secondary gradients, are especially well suited to the use of chironomids to reconstruct Holocene temperatures. The inferred timing of warmth at our study site near Scoresby Sund agrees well with other nearby evidence, including glacial geological reconstructions and temperatures inferred from precipitation isotopes at Renland ice cap, supporting the use of chironomids to reconstruct temperatures at this site. We infer highest temperatures from c. 10 to 5.5 ka, followed by gradual cooling after 5.5 ka and progressively colder and less productive conditions after 3.5 ka. Models based upon two independent training sets yield similar inferred temperature trends, and suggest an average summer temperature anomaly from c. 10 to 5.5 ka of 3 to 4 °C relative to the preindustrial last millennium. The estimated overall rate of Neoglacial cooling averaged over the period from 5.5 to 0.5 ka was 0.6 to 0.8 °C per thousand years, more than twice the rate previously estimated for the Arctic as a whole. Given strong apparent spatial variability in Holocene climate around the Arctic, and the utility of palaeoclimate data for improving climate and ice‐sheet models, it should be a priority to further quantify past temperature changes around the margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet, where few quantitative reconstructions exist and future warming will affect global sea level.
Prenatal Risk and Infant Regulation: Indirect Pathways via Fetal Growth and Maternal Prenatal Stress and Anger
Authors: Schuetze Pamela , Eiden Rina D. , Colder Craig R. , Huestis Marilyn A. , Leonard Kenneth E. 
Published: April 2017

Pathways from maternal tobacco, marijuana, stress, and anger in pregnancy to infant reactivity and regulation (RR) at 9 months of infant age were examined in a low‐income, diverse sample beginning in the first trimester of pregnancy, with fetal growth and postnatal stress/anger as potential mediators, and infant sex as a moderator. Participants were 247 dyads (173 substance‐exposed infants). There were no direct effects of prenatal risk on RR and no moderation by sex. However, there were significant indirect effects on RR via poor fetal growth and higher postnatal anger. The study adds to the sparse literature on joint effects of tobacco and marijuana, and highlights the role of fetal growth and maternal anger as important pathways from prenatal risk to infant RR.
Applying network theory to prioritize multispecies habitat networks that are robust to climate and land‐use change
Authors: Albert Cécile H. , Rayfield Bronwyn , Dumitru Maria , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDesigning connected landscapes is among the most widespread strategies for achieving biodiversity conservation targets. The challenge lies in simultaneously satisfying the connectivity needs of multiple species at multiple spatial scales under uncertain climate and land‐use change. To evaluate the contribution of remnant habitat fragments to the connectivity of regional habitat networks, we developed a method to integrate uncertainty in climate and land‐use change projections with the latest developments in network‐connectivity research and spatial, multipurpose conservation prioritization. We used land‐use change simulations to explore robustness of species’ habitat networks to alternative development scenarios. We applied our method to 14 vertebrate focal species of periurban Montreal, Canada. Accounting for connectivity in spatial prioritization strongly modified conservation priorities and the modified priorities were robust to uncertain climate change. Setting conservation priorities based on habitat quality and connectivity maintained a large proportion of the region's connectivity, despite anticipated habitat loss due to climate and land‐use change. The application of connectivity criteria alongside habitat‐quality criteria for protected‐area design was efficient with respect to the amount of area that needs protection and did not necessarily amplify trade‐offs among conservation criteria. Our approach and results are being applied in and around Montreal and are well suited to the design of ecological networks and green infrastructure for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in other regions, in particular regions around large cities, where connectivity is critically low.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease in lung transplantation: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Leyssens Annelies , Dierickx Daan , Verbeken Eric K. , Tousseyn Thomas , Verleden Stijn E. , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Dupont Lieven J. , Yserbyt Jonas , Verleden Geert M. , Van Raemdonck Dirk E. , Vos Robin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) may compromise long‐term outcome of lung transplant (LTx) recipients. A case‐control study was performed, comparing LTx recipients with PTLD (n=31) to matched recipients without PTLD (Controls, n=62). Risk factors for PTLD and post‐transplant outcomes were assessed. PTLD prevalence was 3.9%, time to PTLD 323 (166‐1132) days; and 54.8% had early‐onset PTLD versus 45.2% late‐onset PTLD. At LTx, more Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐seronegative patients were present in PTLD (42%) compared to Controls (5%) (P<.0001); most of whom had undergone EBV seroconversion upon PTLD diagnosis. EBV viral load was higher in PTLD versus Controls (P<.0001). Overall, lower hemoglobin and higher C‐reactive protein levels were present in PTLD versus Controls (P<.0001). EBV status at LTx (P=.0073) and EBV viral load at PTLD (P=.0002) were the most important risk determinates for later PTLD. Patients with PTLD demonstrated shorter time to onset of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) (P=.0006) and poorer 5‐year survival post‐LTx (66.6% versus 91.5%), resulting in worse CLAD‐free survival (HR 2.127, 95%CI 1.006‐4.500; P=.0483) and overall survival (HR 3.297 95%CI 1.473‐7.382; P=.0037) compared to Controls. Late‐onset PTLD had worse survival compared to early‐onset PTLD (P=.021). Primary EBV infection is a risk for PTLD; which is associated with worse long‐term outcome post‐LTx.
Development of infant sustained attention and its relation to EEG oscillations: an EEG and cortical source analysis study
Authors: Xie Wanze , Mallin Brittany M. , Richards John E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe current study examined the relation between infant sustained attention and infant EEG oscillations. Fifty‐nine infants were tested at 6 (N = 15), 8 (N = 17), 10 (N = 14), and 12 (N = 13) months. Three attention phases, stimulus orienting, sustained attention, and attention termination, were defined based on infants' heart rate changes. Frequency analysis using simultaneously recorded EEG focused on infant theta (2–6 Hz), alpha (6–9 Hz), and beta (9–14 Hz) rhythms. Cortical source analysis of EEG oscillations was conducted with realistic infant MRI models. Theta synchronization was found over fontal pole, temporal, and parietal electrodes during infant sustained attention for 10 and 12 months. Alpha desynchronization was found over frontal, central and parietal electrodes during sustained attention. This alpha effect started to emerge at 10 months and became well established by 12 months. No difference was found for the beta rhythm between different attention phases. The theta synchronization effect was localized to the orbital frontal, temporal pole, and ventral temporal areas. The alpha desynchronization effect was localized to the brain regions composing the default mode network including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal gyrus. The alpha desynchronization effect was also localized to the pre‐ and post‐central gyri. The present study demonstrates a connection between infant sustained attention and EEG oscillatory activities.
Clinical clues for autoimmunity and neuroinflammation in patients with autistic regression
Authors: Scott Ori , Shi Diya , Andriashek Diana , Clark Brenda , Goez Helly R 
Published: April 2017

AimAutistic regression is a unique variant within the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), with recent reports raising the possibility of immune aetiology. This study explores clinical clues for an association between autistic regression and autoimmunity.MethodSingle‐centre charts of children diagnosed with ASD in 2014 were reviewed. We compared the rates of: (1) familial autoimmunity in first‐degree and second‐degree relatives; (2) febrile illness preceding initial parental concern, as a potential precipitant of immune activation; and (3) possible non‐immune precipitants such as pregnancy and postnatal complications.ResultsThe charts of 206 children with ASD and 33 diagnosed with autistic regression variant were reviewed. The incidence of febrile illness in the 6 months prior to initial parental concern was significantly higher in the children with autistic regression compared with those with ASD (30% vs 0%; p<0.001). The overall prevalence of familial autoimmunity was also higher in children with autistic regression compared with those with ASD (33% vs 12%; p<0.001). Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis were both more common in families with children with autistic regression. Other non‐immune risk factors did not differ between the two groups.InterpretationOur findings suggest that predisposition to autoimmunity, and immune/inflammatory activation, may be associated with autistic regression.
Plant‐mediated species networks: the modulating role of herbivore density
Authors: PINEDA ANA , SOLER ROXINA , PASTOR VICTORIA , LI YEHUA , DICKE MARCEL 
Published: April 2017

1. When herbivores of distinct feeding guilds, such as phloem feeders and leaf chewers, interact, the outcome of these interactions often shows facilitation. However, whether this facilitation turns into competition at stronger herbivory pressure remains unknown.2. Using an integrative approach that links ecological processes (behavioural choices of insects) with physiological plant mechanisms (nutrient and phytohormone levels) for the wild crucifer Brassica nigra (L.) Koch., this study evaluates preferences of leaf chewers for plants previously infested with several densities of the specialist aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera, Aphididae). As leaf chewers, four species of caterpillars (Lepidoptera) were selected that differ in their degree of specialisation in crucifers.3. These results show that, whereas at low and medium aphid densities caterpillars displayed a preference for aphid‐infested plants or no preference, at high aphid infestation density, all four species of caterpillar preferred uninfested plants, with a significant difference for Pieris rapae and Mamestra brassicae.4. In contrast to our expectation, the consistent preference for uninfested plants at a high aphid density could not be associated with a decrease in plant nutrition. However, while jasmonate concentrations [i.e. 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid and jasmonic acid (JA)] at medium aphid‐density infestation decreased compared with low levels of infestation, at high infestation level, the jasmonates JA as well as JA conjugated with the amino acid isoleucine were present at higher levels compared with low‐infestation treatments.5. This work provides evidence that positive interactions observed in herbivore communities can be transient, leading to negative interactions mediated by changes in plant defences rather than in plant nutrition.
No detectable role for predators mediating effects of aquatic habitat size and permanence on populations and communities of container‐dwelling mosquitoes
Authors: WESTBY KATIE M. , JULIANO STEVEN A. 
Published: April 2017

1. General theory from aquatic ecology predicts that smaller aquatic habitats have shorter hydroperiods favouring species that are better resource competitors and complete development quickly. Larger habitats are predicted to have longer hydroperiods enabling longer‐lived predators to persist. Habitats with long hydroperiods and predators are predicted to favour slower‐developing, predator‐resistant species, rather than competitive species.2. In a field experiment, habitat size and hydroperiod were manipulated independently in water‐filled containers, to test these hypotheses about processes structuring aquatic communities. Human‐made containers were used that are dominated by mosquitoes that vary in desiccation resistance, competitive ability, and predation resistance.3. Habitat size and drying had significant effects on abundances of larvae of the common species in these communities. There was sorting of species by habitat size and by drying, with species that are better competitors relatively more abundant in smaller, more ephemeral habitats, and predator‐resistant, slower‐developing species relatively more abundant in larger or permanently flooded habitats. There were no detectable effects of habitat size or drying on the dominant predator.4. Habitat size and its interaction with drying affected inputs of eggs to containers. Habitat size also affected relative abundances of the two dominant species in the egg population.5. Although habitat size and hydroperiod significantly affected composition of these communities, these impacts did not appear to be mediated through effects on predator abundance. Species‐specific differences in habitat size and drying regime preferences, and habitat‐dependent larval performance appear to be the main forces shaping these communities.
Lewis revisited: tropical polities competing on the world market, 1830–1938
Authors: Federico Giovanni , Tena‐Junguito Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSince the seminal work by W. A. Lewis, exports of primary products have been deemed the main or sole source of growth in tropical countries before the Great Depression. However, this conventional wisdom relies on very limited evidence. This article analyses the growth of exports with a constant market share analysis for 84 tropical polities. Exports grew a lot, but less than total trade, while relative prices of tropical products remained roughly constant. We thus tentatively infer that the decline in the tropical shares of world trade reflects an insufficient demand for tropical products. Asia dealt well with these headwinds throughout the whole period, while African polities blossomed after the First World War. The loser was (South) America, and most notably the Caribbean former slave colonies, especially before 1870.
Secretory breast carcinoma with a papillary‐predominant pattern: an unusual morphological variant
Authors: Shui Ruohong , Cheng Yufan , Bai Qianming , Yang Wentao 
Published: April 2017

AimsSecretory breast carcinoma is a rare, low‐grade, translocation‐associated invasive carcinoma with unique morphology and excellent prognosis. Three patterns (microcystic, tubular, solid) have often been described in secretory carcinoma. Herein, we reported one case of secretory breast carcinoma with an uncommon papillary‐predominant growth pattern.Methods and resultsThe patient was a 53‐year‐old female with a mass located in outer upper quadrant of her right breast. The patient had one positive axillary lymph node. Morphologically, tumour cells were arranged in a papillary growth pattern with sclerosis in most areas; glandular and microcystic patterns were observed only in focal areas at the periphery. The presence of intracellular and extracellular secretory material was observed. Tumour cells were mild‐to‐moderately atypical with granular eosinophilic to foamy cytoplasm. Tumour cells were triple‐negative [negative for oestrogen receptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)] with a basal‐like phenotype, and strongly positive for S‐100 protein. P63 and calponin staining showed the absence of myoepithelial cells around tumour cells. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed ETS variant 6 (ETV6) gene rearrangement.ConclusionsOur study indicated that besides typical growth patterns (microcystic, solid and tubular), secretory carcinoma could also present with a papillary‐predominant architecture. These cases should be differentiated from other breast tumours with a papillary pattern. It may have clinical significance to recognize this uncommon morphology variant of secretory carcinoma in routine practice.
New test method for the evaluation of the preservation efficacy of soaps at very alkaline pH made by saponification
Authors: Témoin‐Fardini S. , Servant J. , Sellam S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a test method to evaluate the preservation efficacy for a specific product, a very high‐alkaline liquid soap (pH around 10) made by a saponification process. Several manufacturers have experienced contamination issues with these high‐pH soaps despite passing a classic preservative efficacy challenge test or even a multi‐inoculation challenge test.MethodsBacteria were isolated from contaminated soaps and were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High‐alkaline‐pH unpreserved soaps were tested using the Thor Personal Care internal multichallenge test method (TM206) with classical microorganisms and then with the bacterial strains isolated from various contaminated soaps (TM768). Preservatives were added to these soaps and assessed for their efficacy using the newly developed test.ResultsFour different species of bacteria (Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis, Dermacoccus sp., Halomonas sp. and Roseomonas sp.) were identified by sequencing among the contaminants of the various soaps tested. Among these, only one bacterial species, Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis, appeared to be responsible for the specific contamination of these high‐alkaline soaps. Thus, one specific wild‐type strain of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis, named as strain 768, was used in a new multi‐inoculation test (TM768). Unlike the single inoculation challenge test, the multi‐inoculation test using the Nesterenkonia strain 768 was able to predict the sensitivity of a product towards this bacterium. Among the 27 different preservatives tested, 10 were able to protect the formula against contamination with this bacterium.ConclusionThis study enabled the development of a test method to evaluate the efficacy of preservation using a specific bacterium, Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis, responsible for the contamination of very alkaline soaps made by saponification and identify an appropriate preservative system.