bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatological moulage collections in the Nordic countries
Authors: Worm A.‐M. , Sinisalo H. , Eilertsen G. , Åhrén E. , Meyer I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe art of producing and acquiring dermatological wax models, moulages, flourished all over Europe in the beginning of the twentieth century, whereas very little is known about the existence of moulage collections in the Nordic countries.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to elucidate the presence, the origin, the production place, the use and the condition of dermatological moulage collections in the Nordic countries.MethodsIn each Nordic country, an extensive survey was undertaken during spring 2016. Dermatological departments, museums with medical collections, persons assumed to have specific information about wax moulages as well as secondary sources were contacted and interviewed.ResultsSeveral hitherto undescribed collections have survived in each country, most, however, damaged and in disrepair. One Danish and part of a Finnish collection have been restored. Only few moulages are exhibited and some have been photographed and digitalized. Denmark and Sweden have had a local moulage production. Responses to the survey indicate that the result covers all collections of dermatological moulages in the Nordic countries, though some moulages may remain in private collections unknown to the authors, or uncatalogued in museums.ConclusionMoulages are medical gems from bygone days before modern technology facilitated new means of communication. Restoration and appropriate storing should be considered for at least selected items from the Nordic collections.
Koebner's sheep in Wolf's clothing: does the isotopic response exist as a distinct phenomenon?
Authors: Happle R. , Kluger N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUntil 1995, a case of psoriasis developing within the dermatome of a healed herpes zoster was taken as a Koebner phenomenon. In this year, however, the term ‘isotopic response’ was introduced by Wolf et al. to describe ‘the occurrence of a new skin disorder at the site of another, unrelated and already healed skin disease’, thus appearing ‘on apparently unaffected and healthy skin’. Initially, the term was mainly related to herpes zoster, but today the name ‘Wolf's isotopic response’ is used to include a plethora of other triggering factors such as healed cutaneous leishmaniasis, tinea or varicella. For obvious reasons, such triggering factors cannot be taken as examples of ‘unaffected and healthy skin’. Notably, the authors themselves have categorized the dermatome of a healed herpes zoster as a ‘vulnerable area’. In a recent commentary, Wolf et al. have expanded the definition of healed skin diseases triggering an ‘isotopic response’. They now included ‘scars, pigment changes, color changes or various other minimal changes by the first disease’. Hence, there is no clear‐cut criterion to distinguish the isotopic response from a Koebner reaction. Wolf et al. even argue that, if the triggered disorder precedes the appearance of generalized skin lesions, then it is not a Koebner reaction but ‘Wolf's isotopic response’. In our view, such definition is unacceptable. All reactions of this kind represent examples of a Koebner phenomenon. Accordingly, the ‘isotopic response’ should today be taken as a historical error.
Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013
Authors: Eggen C.A.M. , Durgaram V.V.L. , van Doorn R. , Mooi W.J. , Pardo L.M. , Pasmans S.G.M.A. , Hollestein L.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is rare in the first two decades of life. Trends in incidence differ across countries.ObjectiveTo describe incidence and relative survival of children and adolescents with melanoma in the Netherlands for children (0 through 11 years) and adolescents (12 through 19 years) separately. We hypothesized that adolescent melanoma increased in contrast to childhood melanoma, possibly due to a difference in cancer biology and sun exposure patterns.MethodsData on all patients of 0–19 years diagnosed between 1989 and 2013 with histologically confirmed cutaneous invasive melanoma were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Incidence trends were analysed with Joinpoint regression. Relative survival analysis was performed.ResultsBetween 1989 and 2013, 80 children and 544 adolescents with melanoma were registered in the NCR. Median age at diagnosis was 17 years (IQR 15–18); the female‐to‐male ratio was 1.7 : 1 Statistically significant incidence trends were found in the older age group (12–19 years): an increasing incidence since 1991 [annual percentage change (APC) 3.2%, 95%CI 1.3–5.1] followed by a decrease from 2005 to 2013 (APC −4.9%, 95%CI −9.6–0.0). No incidence trends for childhood melanoma were observed (APC 0.3%, 95% CI −3.0–3.8). Relative survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 98% (95% CI 97–99), 94% (95% CI 92–96) and 90% (95% CI 87–92), respectively. Survival was worse in males and higher Breslow thickness.ConclusionsMelanoma is very rare under the age of 12 with stable incidence rates. In comparison with childhood melanoma, melanomas in adolescents are more common with a decreasing trend in the past decade. Male sex and increasing Breslow thickness are associated with worse survival in paediatric melanoma patients.
Seasonal shifts along the oviparity–viviparity continuum in a cold-climate lizard population
Authors: Shine R. , Wapstra E. , Olsson M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Squamate embryos require weeks of high temperature to complete development, with the result that cool climatic areas are dominated by viviparous taxa (in which gravid females can sun-bask to keep embryos warm) rather than oviparous taxa (which rely on warm soil to incubate their eggs). How, then, can some oviparous taxa reproduce successfully in cool climates – especially late in summer, when soil temperatures are falling? Near the northern limit of their distribution (in Sweden), sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) shift tactics seasonally, such that the eggs in late clutches complete development more quickly (when incubated at a standard temperature) than do those of early clutches. That acceleration is achieved by a reduction in egg size and by an increase in the duration of uterine retention of eggs (especially, after cool weather). Our results clarify the ability of oviparous reptiles to reproduce successfully in cool climates and suggest a novel advantage to reptilian viviparity in such conditions: by maintaining high body temperatures, viviparous females may escape the need to reduce offspring size in late-season litters.
Possible antagonism of (Z)‐2‐hexenyl (E)‐3‐hexenoate against the attractiveness of (E)‐2‐hexenyl (Z)‐3‐hexenoate to Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Roh G. H. , Kim J. , Park C. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOoencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an egg parasitoid of bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) which is a major pest of beans. Females of O. nezarae are attracted to (E)‐2‐hexenyl (Z)‐3‐hexenoate (EZ), one of the components of aggregation pheromone of R. pedestris. Effects of three isomers (ZE, EE and ZZ) of EZ on the attractiveness of O. nezarae were tested using electroantennography (EAG) and field bioassays. EAG analyses revealed that the response of O. nezarae to ZE was significantly higher than those to air, hexane and two other isomers, even though the response was lower than that to EZ. ZE affected the attractiveness of EZ dose‐dependently in the field. Addition of ZE (100 mg) to EZ (10 mg) caused a significant reduction in the catches of O. nezarae females. Single or binary addition of two other isomers (EE and ZZ) to EZ could not decrease or increase significantly the number of O. nezarae catches of EZ. Even though addition of ZZ (10, 50 or 100 mg) to EZ (10 mg) caused dose‐dependent reduction in the number of O. nezarae female catches, the reductions were not significantly different from that of EZ. EZ and its three isomers were not attractive to O. nezarae males at all.
Phylogenic Diversity and Taxonomic Problems of the Dictyosphaerium Morphotype within the Parachlorella Clade (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae)
Authors: Song Huiyin , Wang Qinghua , Liu Xudong , Hu Yuxin , Long Jijian , Liu Guoxiang , Hu Zhengyu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Parachlorella clade was put forward as a group within the family Chlorellaceae in 2004. Recent molecular analyses have revealed that Dictyosphaerium morphotype algae form several independent lineages within the Parachlorella clade, and new genera and species have been established. In this study, we focus on the diversity of Dictyosphaerium morphotype algae within the Parachlorella clade, based on 42 strains from China. We used combined analyses of morphology and molecular data based on SSU and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) rDNA sequences to characterize these algae. In addition, the secondary structure of ITS2 was compared to delineate new lineages. Our results revealed high phylogenic diversity of Dictyosphaerium morphotype algae, and we describe five distinct lineages. We examined the morphological features of these five lineages, and morphological differences are difficult to find compared with other Dictyosphaerium morphotype algae. The five distinct lineages were not described as new genera currently. We lastly discuss the taxonomic problems regarding the Dictyosphaerium morphotype within the Parachlorella clade, and possible solutions are considered.
Temporal expression of interleukin‐22, interleukin‐22 receptor 1 and interleukin‐22‐binding protein during experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Pan S. , Yang D. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. , Zhang H. , Liu X. , Li C. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectiveInterleukin‐22 (IL‐22), mainly produced by CD4+ T‐helper subtypes and innate lymphoid cells at barrier surfaces, is found to involve in several diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, peri‐implantitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The purpose of this study was to investigate histological changes and the levels of interleukin‐22, interleukin‐22 receptor 1 (IL‐22R1) and interleukin‐22‐binding protein (IL‐22BP) in experimental periodontitis.Material and MethodsSixty male 8‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to six groups of 10 rats each. In the periodontitis groups, experimental periodontitis was established and the rats were killed on days 3, 5, 7, 11 and 15 after ligation, while the rats without ligation were killed on day 0, representing the healthy control group (day 0 group). Histopathologic changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and alveolar bone loss was determined by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to investigate osteoclast formation. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression and location of IL‐22, IL‐22R1 and IL‐22BP in gingival tissues.ResultsH&E staining showed increasingly severe destruction of the epithelial layer between day 3 and day 7, and the hyperplasia of pocket epithelium and the formation of periodontal pockets could be detected from day 11 to day 15. Micro‐CT indicated an exponential increase in alveolar bone loss from day 3 to day 11 (P < .01). Bone resorption tended to be stationary after this period. TRAP staining showed that the number of multinucleate osteoclasts peaked at day 3 (P < .001, compared with day 0) and decreased at subsequent time points between day 5 and day 15. IL‐22BP was expressed strongly under steady‐state conditions in epithelial cells. IL‐22‐positive cells could be clearly observed both in the epithelial layer and around the lamina propria, whereas IL‐22R1 was mainly localized in the epithelial layer of the damage period. Real‐time qPCR revealed up‐regulation of IL‐22 and IL‐22R1, as well as down‐regulation of IL‐22BP in gingival tissues during the destructive phase of periodontitis.ConclusionThis study shows the expression and localization of IL‐22, IL‐22R1 and IL‐22BP, as well as the relevant histopathological alterations during the development of experimental periodontitis.
Long‐lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in UK dogs as assessed by an in‐practice test kit
Authors: Killey R. , Mynors C. , Pearce R. , Nell A. , Prentis A. , Day M. J. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the utility of an in‐practice test kit to detect protective serum antibody against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus type 2 in a sample of the UK dog population.Materials and MethodsSerum samples from 486 dogs, last vaccinated between less than 1 month and 124 months previously, were tested with the VacciCheck™ test kit for protective antibodies against distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus type 2.ResultsA high proportion of the dogs tested (93·6%) had protective antibody against all three of the core vaccine antigens: 95·7% of the dogs were seropositive against canine distemper virus, 97·3% against canine adenovirus and 98·5% against canine parvovirus type 2. The small number of dogs that were seronegative for one or more of the antigens (n = 31) may have had waning of previous serum antibody or may have been rare genetic non‐responders to that specific antigen.Clinical SignificanceUK veterinarians can be reassured that triennial revaccination of adult dogs with core vaccines provides long‐lived protective immunity. In‐practice serological test kits are a valuable tool for informing decision‐making about canine core revaccination.
Widespread hybridization and bidirectional introgression in sympatric species of coral reef fish
Authors: Harrison Hugo B. , Berumen Michael L. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Salas Eva , Williamson David H. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoral reefs are highly diverse ecosystems, where numerous closely related species often coexist. How new species arise and are maintained in these high geneflow environments have been long‐standing conundrums. Hybridization and patterns of introgression between sympatric species provide a unique insight into the mechanisms of speciation and the maintenance of species boundaries. In this study, we investigate the extent of hybridization between two closely related species of coral reef fish: the common coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) and the bar‐cheek coral trout (Plectropomus maculatus). Using a complementary set of 25 microsatellite loci, we distinguish pure genotype classes from first‐ and later‐generation hybrids, identifying 124 interspecific hybrids from a collection of 2,991 coral trout sampled in inshore and mid‐shelf reefs of the southern Great Barrier Reef. Hybrids were ubiquitous among reefs, fertile and spanned multiple generations suggesting both ecological and evolutionary processes are acting to maintain species barriers. We elaborate on these finding to investigate the extent of genomic introgression and admixture from 2,271SNPloci recovered from a ddRADlibrary of pure and hybrid individuals. An analysis of genomic clines on recovered loci indicates that 261SNPloci deviate from a model of neutral introgression, of which 132 indicate a pattern of introgression consistent with selection favouring both hybrid and parental genotypes. Our findings indicate genome‐wide, bidirectional introgression between two sympatric species of coral reef fishes and provide further support to a growing body of evidence for the role of hybridization in the evolution of coral reef fishes.
Seascape genomics reveals fine‐scale patterns of dispersal for a reef fish along the ecologically divergent coast of Northwestern Australia
Authors: DiBattista Joseph D. , Travers Michael J. , Moore Glenn I. , Evans Richard D. , Newman Stephen J. , Feng Ming , Moyle Samuel D. , Gorton Rebecca J. , Saunders Thor , Berry Oliver 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of dispersal among populations is a central topic in marine ecology and fundamental for spatially explicit management of marine resources. The extensive coast of Northwestern Australia provides an emerging frontier for implementing new genomic tools to comparatively identify patterns of dispersal across diverse and extreme environmental conditions. Here, we focused on the stripey snapper (Lutjanus carponotatus), which is important to recreational, charter‐based and customary fishers throughout the Indo‐West Pacific. We collected 1,016 L. carponotatus samples at 51 locations in the coastal waters of Northwestern Australia ranging from the Northern Territory to Shark Bay and adopted a genotype‐by‐sequencing approach to test whether realized connectivity (via larval dispersal) was related to extreme gradients in coastal hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic simulations using CONNIE and a more detailed treatment in the Kimberley Bioregion provided null models for comparison. Based on 4,402 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism loci shared across all individuals, we demonstrated significant genetic subdivision between the Shark Bay Bioregion in the south and all locations within the remaining, more northern bioregions. More importantly, we identified a zone of admixture spanning a distance of 180 km at the border of the Kimberley and Canning bioregions, including the Buccaneer Archipelago and adjacent waters, which collectively experiences the largest tropical tidal range and some of the fastest tidal currents in the world. Further testing of the generality of this admixture zone in other shallow water species across broader geographic ranges will be critical for our understanding of the population dynamics and genetic structure of marine taxa in our tropical oceans.
Genomics meets applied ecology: Characterizing habitat quality for sloths in a tropical agroecosystem
Authors: Fountain Emily D. , Kang Jung koo , Tempel Douglas J. , Palsbøll Per J. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Zachariah Peery M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how habitat quality in heterogeneous landscapes governs the distribution and fitness of individuals is a fundamental aspect of ecology. While mean individual fitness is generally considered a key to assessing habitat quality, a comprehensive understanding of habitat quality in heterogeneous landscapes requires estimates of dispersal rates among habitat types. The increasing accessibility of genomic approaches, combined with field‐based demographic methods, provides novel opportunities for incorporating dispersal estimation into assessments of habitat quality. In this study, we integrated genomic kinship approaches with field‐based estimates of fitness components and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) procedures to estimate habitat‐specific dispersal rates and characterize habitat quality in two‐toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) occurring in a Costa Rican agricultural ecosystem. Field‐based observations indicated that birth and survival rates were similar in a sparsely shaded cacao farm and adjacent cattle pasture–forest mosaic. Sloth density was threefold higher in pasture compared with cacao, whereas home range size and overlap were greater in cacao compared with pasture. Dispersal rates were similar between the two habitats, as estimated using ABC procedures applied to the spatial distribution of pairs of related individuals identified using 3,431 single nucleotide polymorphism and 11 microsatellite locus genotypes. Our results indicate that crops produced under a sparse overstorey can, in some cases, constitute lower‐quality habitat than pasture–forest mosaics for sloths, perhaps because of differences in food resources or predator communities. Finally, our study demonstrates that integrating field‐based demographic approaches with genomic methods can provide a powerful means for characterizing habitat quality for animal populations occurring in heterogeneous landscapes.
Limaprost or Pregabalin: Preoperative and Postoperative Medication for Pain due to Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Kasukawa Yuji , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Kobayashi Takashi , Kikuchi Kazuma , Ebata Kunio , Ishikawa Noriyuki , Suzuki Tetsuya , Sasaki Hiroshi , Hatakeyama Yuji , Hongo Michio , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Kudo Daisuke , Abe Toshiki , Okuyama Koichiro , Kido Tadato , Chiba Mitsuho , Segawa Toyohito , Suzuki Masazumi , Mizutani Takashi , Kimura Ryota , Ono Yuichi , Iida Jumpei , Abe Eiji , Shimada Yoichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate the incidence of (and risk factors for) postoperative pregabalin and/or limaprost to treat persistent numbness and/or pain of the lower extremities after lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) surgery.MethodsMedical records of 329 patients (168 men, 161 women; average age 70 years) were retrospectively reviewed for data on the duration of LSS diagnosis; LSS disease; preoperative medication (limaprost, pregabalin, or combined limaprost/pregabalin; duration); symptoms; preoperative/postoperative intermittent claudication (IC); operation type; and postoperative medication and period.ResultsLimaprost, pregabalin, and combined limaprost/pregabalin were prescribed preoperatively for 43%, 7%, and 5% of patients, respectively. At an average of 21 months postoperatively, limaprost, pregabalin, and combined therapy were prescribed in 11%, 8%, 4% of patients, respectively. Medication requirement was significantly lower postoperatively than preoperatively (P < 0.0001). Significant risk factors for required postoperative medication were required preoperative medication (odds ratio [OR] 3.088, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.679 to 5.681]; postoperative period (OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.031 to 1.096); and postoperative IC (OR 3.868, 95% CI 1.481 to 10.103). A negative impact from postoperative medication was seen in patients who had undergone decompression surgery (OR 0.589, 95% CI 0.377 to 0.918).ConclusionsOverall, 23% of LSS patients required medication for pain and/or numbness at 21 months postoperatively. Significant factors portending required postoperative medication were preoperative medication, longer postoperative period, and postoperative IC. A negative influence from postoperative medication was seen in patients who had undergone decompression surgery without fusion.
How to stent the ureter after kidney transplantation in children?—A comparison of two methods of urinary drainage
Authors: ter Haar Anuradha S. , Parekh Rulan S. , Leunissen Ralph W. J. , van den Joop , Lorenzo Armando J. , Hebert Diane , Keijzer‐Veen Mandy G. , Cransberg Karlien 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUreteral stenting after pediatric renal transplantation serves to prevent obstruction and urinary leakage, but can also cause complications. This study compares the complication rates of both methods. Data were retrospectively collected at Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (splint group, n = 61) and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (JJ catheter group, n = 50). Outcome measures included urological interventions and incidence of UTIs during the first 3 months post‐transplantation. The splint was removed after a median of 9 (IQR 8‐12), the JJ catheter after 42 (IQR 36‐50) days. Seven (11.5%) children in the splint group needed at least one urological re‐intervention versus two in the JJ catheter group (P‐value .20). UTIs developed in 19 children (31.1%) in the splint group and in twenty‐five (50.0%) children in the JJ catheter group (P‐value .04), with a total number of 27 vs. 57 UTIs (P‐value .02). Nine (33.3%) vs. 35 (61.4%) of these, respectively, occurred during the presence of the splint (P‐value <.001). Children with a JJ catheter developed more UTIs than children with a splint; the latter, however, tended to require more re‐interventions. Modification of either method is needed to find the best way to stent the ureter.