bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Home Activities and Oral Language Skills in Middle Childhood: A Quantile Analysis
Authors: Law James , Rush Robert , King Tom , Westrupp Elizabeth , Reilly Sheena 
Published: February 2017

Oral language development is a key outcome of elementary school, and it is important to identify factors that predict it most effectively. Commonly researchers use ordinary least squares regression with conclusions restricted to average performance conditional on relevant covariates. Quantile regression offers a more sophisticated alternative. Using data of 17,687 children from the United Kingdom's Millennium Cohort Study, we compared ordinary least squares and quantile models with language development (verbal similarities) at 11 years as the outcome. Gender had more of an effect at the top of the distribution, whereas poverty, early language, and reading to the child had a greater effect at the bottom. The picture for TV watching was more mixed. The results are discussed in terms of the provision of universal and targeted interventions.
A novel DNAJB6 mutation causes dominantly inherited distal‐onset myopathy and compromises DNAJB6 function
Authors: Tsai P.‐C. , Tsai Y.‐S. , Soong B.‐W. , Huang Y.‐H. , Wu H.‐T. , Chen Y.‐H. , Lin K.‐P. , Liao Y.‐C. , Lee Y.‐C. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMutations in the DNAJB6 gene have been identified as a rare cause of dominantly inherited limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or distal‐onset myopathy.Materials and MethodsExome sequencing was performed to investigate a Taiwanese family with a dominantly inherited distal‐onset myopathy. Functional effects of the causal mutation were investigated in vitro.ResultsExome sequencing of the two affected individuals in this family identified a heterozygous mutation, c.287C>T (p.Pro96Leu) in the DNAJB6 gene, which co‐segregated with the myopathy within all 12 family members. Notably, this mutation is novel and localizes within the glycine and phenylalanine‐rich (G/F) domain and alters an amino acid residue previously reported with a different mutation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analyses and filter trap assay demonstrated that the c.287C>T (p.Pro96Leu) mutation possessed a dominant negative effect on the anti‐aggregation function of DNAJB6 protein.ConclusionThis study expands the molecular spectrum of DNAJB6 mutations and also emphasizes the pathogenic role of DNAJB6 dysfunction in distal‐onset myopathy.
On the functional extinction of the Passenger Pigeon
Authors: Roberts David L. , Jarić Ivan , Solow Andrew R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) was a social breeder, and it has been suggested that the species experienced functional extinction, defined as a total reproductive failure, prior to its actual extinction in the early years of the 20th century. We applied a novel randomization test based on the relative times of the most recent egg‐ and skin‐specimen sightings (i.e., recorded date of specimen collection) to test for functional extinction. For a total of 6 eggs and 27 skins, the observed significance level was 0.38, which indicated that the species did not become functionally extinct. Thus, proposals to reverse its rapid decline in the late 19th century could have been successful.
Transition to success on the model room task: the importance of improvements in working memory
Authors: Hartstein Lauren E. , Berthier Neil E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrevious work has shown that children under age 3 often perform very poorly on the model room task, in which they are asked to find a hidden toy based on its location in a scale model. One prominent theory for their failure is that they lack the ability to understand the model as both a physical object and as a symbolic representation of the larger room. A hypothesized additional component is that they need to overcome weak, competing representations of where the object was on a previous trial, and where it is in the present trial, in order to succeed in their search. Children aged 33–39 months were tested on the model room task, as well as on measures of cognitive inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Results showed that performance on the model room task was not predicted by measures of inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility, but was predicted by performance on the Delayed Recognition Span Test (DRST), a measure of working memory. These findings lend support to the theory of competing representations and demonstrate the necessity of updating and maintaining strong representations in working memory to succeed in the search task.
Achievement motivation in early schizophrenia: Relationship with symptoms, cognition and functional outcome
Authors: Fervaha Gagan , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Foussias George , Hahn Margaret K. , Agid Ofer , Remington Gary 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia engage in goal‐directed activities significantly less often compared to healthy individuals in the community. There is ample evidence documenting the presence of motivational deficits in schizophrenia using observer‐based ratings; however, purely self‐reported accounts of patients’ motivation are less well understood. This study examined subjective accounts of trait achievement motivation among relatively young, clinically stable, early‐course outpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsThirty‐nine early‐course patients and 39 healthy comparison subjects completed clinical and cognitive assessments in addition to a self‐report inventory measuring achievement motivation.ResultsPatients were found to endorse significantly lower levels of motivation, a mean difference which translated to a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.1). Patients’ self‐reported motivation was significantly related to clinician ratings of motivational deficits which were based on behavioural output, and to vocational functioning. Within the patient sample, 33.3% of individuals were found to experience prominent or clinically significant levels of amotivation based on patients’ own self‐report. Self‐reported achievement motivation was not associated with other clinical variables such as positive symptom severity or expressive negative symptoms.ConclusionsOur results serve to highlight the occurrence and prevalence of motivational deficits in patients with schizophrenia who are in the early stages of their illness. Subjective accounts of motivation in this population were found to be related to important outcomes such as community functioning, highlighting the importance of this domain of illness. Targeting these deficits early in the course of the illness offers the potential to curb potential prospective poor outcomes and sets the stage for recovery.
Emergency department utilization by haemophilia patients in United States
Authors: Zakieh A. , Siddiqui A. H. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionPatients with haemophilia are prone to medical emergencies. Emergency departments (ED) often do not have a haematologist on‐call for consultation.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the utilization of ED by patients with haemophilia.MethodsRetrospective review of the ‘National ED Database Sample’ for years 2006–2013 was performed. Patient and hospital demographics were collected. Hospital charges were projected to national levels using discharge‐weighted variables.ResultsDuring the 8‐year study period, haemophilia patients made 162 982 ED visits. This represents 0.016% of total ED visits nationwide. Children utilized ED the most. More than half of patients resided in metropolitan cities; 20% had over $63 000 annual household income. Government insurances were the largest primary payers; 30% had private insurance. In the year 2012, 4488 ED visits with 21 000 diagnoses codes were recorded. Mean age was 29 years. Cardiovascular were the most frequently reported complaints followed by injuries, haemorrhages and sepsis. Seventy percent patients were treated and released from the ED. Two patients died in ED, whereas 35 after admission to hospital. Cause of death included Sepsis (n = 26) and brain haemorrhage (n = 4). Among children, injuries were the most frequent complaints followed by joint/soft tissue disorders; fevers and central line complications. Average charge per visit at private vs. public hospital was $2988 and $2254 respectively (P = 0.03). National estimate of total charges was $60 million.ConclusionPatients with haemophilia have tendency to utilize ED. Hypertension was the single most common presenting complaint in adults. No deaths were reported in children from brain haemorrhage.
Evaluating the effectiveness of RNA in‐situ hybridization for detecting lung adenocarcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement
Authors: Nakajima Naoki , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kondo Kyoko , Rokutan‐Kurata Mariyo , Hirata Masahiro , Furuhata Ayako , Sumiyoshi Shinji , Sonobe Makoto , Menju Toshi , Momose Masanobu , Fujimoto Masakazu , Date Hiroshi , Haga Hironori 
Published: February 2017

AimsAn easy and rapid assay for detecting mRNA in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples [RNA in‐situ hybridization (ISH)] has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of RNA ISH in detecting lung adenocarcinoma (LA) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement.Methods and resultsWe tested ALK RNA ISH on 11 resected LAs for which ALK fusion was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH). ALK mRNA expression was detected by RNA ISH in all 11 ALK‐positive LAs, with a mean positive cell proportion of 68.4% (median, 75.3%; range, 3–98.8%), by counting 100 tumour cells at 10 different loci; RNA ISH did not detect ALK mRNA expression in the normal surrounding lung cells. Next, we explored the concordance between ALK RNA ISH and IHC/FISH tests by using tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 294 LAs. In the TMA slides, we found five ALK‐positive cases with IHC and/or FISH. The mean proportion of ALK RNA ISH‐positive cells in these five cases was 75.6% (median, 82%; range, 40–94%), whereas the proportion of ALK RNA ISH‐positive cells in the remaining 289 cases was 0.3% (median 0%; range, 0–15%). When the cutoff value was set at 15%, ALK RNA ISH‐positive and ALK RNA ISH‐negative cases were distinguishable with 100% sensitivity and specificity relative to the IHC/FISH tests.ConclusionsOur findings show that RNA ISH is useful for detecting ALK rearrangement with high sensitivity and specificity relative to conventional IHC/FISH tests. Thus, RNA ISH, which is an easy and rapid assay, could be an alternative method to IHC and FISH.
Timescale of magma chamber processes revealed by U–Pb ages, trace element contents and morphology of zircons from the Ishizuchi caldera, Southwest Japan Arc
Authors: Takehara Mami , Horie Kenji , Tani Kenichiro , Yoshida Takeyoshi , Hokada Tomokazu , Kiyokawa Shoichi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractU–Pb geochronology and trace element chemistry of zircons in a microscale analysis were applied to the Ishizuchi caldera in the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan in order to estimate the timescale of the magma process, in particular, the magma differentiation. This caldera is composed mainly of ring fault complexes, major pyroclastic flow deposits, and felsic intrusion including central plutons. Using SHRIMP‐IIe, our new U–Pb zircon ages obtained from the major pyroclastic flow deposits (Tengudake pyroclastic flow deposits), granitic rocks from central plutons (Soushikei granodiorite and Teppoishigawa quartz monzonite), and rhyolite from the outer ring dike (Tenchuseki rhyolite) and the inner ring dike (Bansyodani rhyolite) are 14.80 ±0.11 Ma, 14.56 ±0.10 Ma, 14.53 ±0.12 Ma, 14.55 ±0.11 Ma and 14.21 ±0.19 Ma, respectively. Based on the U–Pb ages, the Hf contents and the REE patterns of the zircons, three stages are recognized in the evolutionary history of the magma chamber beneath the Ishizuchi caldera: (i) climactic Tengudake pyroclastic flow eruption; (ii) Tenchuseki rhyolite intrusion into the outer ring dike and central pluton intrusion; and (iii) Bansyodani rhyolite intrusion in the inner ring dike. These results indicate a magma evolution history of the Ishizuchi caldera system which took at least ca 600 kyr from the climatic caldera‐forming eruption to the post‐caldera intrusions. Our new geochronological data suggest that the Ishizuchi caldera formed as part of the voluminous and episodic magmatism that occurred in the wide zone along the Miocene forearc basin of Southwest Japan during the inception of the young Philippine Sea Plate subduction.
Audit of anticholinergic medication changes in older hospitalised patients using the Anticholinergic Drug Scale
Authors: Lee Michele S. S. , Hanger Hugh C. 
Published: February 2017

Background/AimIn patients discharged from an Older Person's Health hospital, we assessed (i) the prevalence of anticholinergic medications (ACM) in this study population and (ii) changes in anticholinergic drug burden during admission using the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS).MethodsCases were identified between September 2010 and January 2011 using discharge coding data. Clinical notes were reviewed to determine which regular oral medications were commenced, altered or ceased during admission with their respective ADS level. The anticholinergic drug burden was measured using the total ADS score for each patient on presentation and at discharge. The difference in these two values was defined as the overall change in ADS.ResultsThere was a total of 224 cases. Median age was 83 years (interquartile range 78–87). Median total number of medications per patient on both admission and discharge was 6. Most (168/224, 75%) patients were discharged on ACM, including 25% (56/224) with a high total ADS score. The medications most commonly commenced and ceased were laxatives and diuretics respectively. These medications had ADS level 0–1. There was no significant change in ADS score between admission and discharge (P = 0.50).ConclusionThe total number of medications prescribed and the overall anticholinergic drug burden did not change significantly despite geriatric assessment.
Prevalence of nursing diagnoses as a measure of nursing complexity in a hospital setting
Authors: D'Agostino Fabio , Sanson Gianfranco , Cocchieri Antonello , Vellone Ercole , Welton John , Maurici Massimo , Alvaro Rosaria , Zega Maurizio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsTo describe the prevalence of nursing diagnoses on admission among inpatient units and medical diagnoses and to analyse the relationship of nursing diagnoses to patient characteristics and hospital outcomes.BackgroundNursing diagnoses classify patients according to nursing dependency and can be a measure of nursing complexity. Knowledge regarding the prevalence of nursing diagnoses on admission and their relationship with hospital outcomes is lacking.DesignProspective observational study.MethodsData were collected for 6 months in 2014 in four inpatient units of an Italian hospital using a nursing information system and the hospital discharge register. Nursing diagnoses with prevalence higher or equal to 20% were considered as ‘high frequency.’ Nursing diagnoses with statistically significant relationships with either higher mortality or length of stay were considered as ‘high risk.’ The high‐frequency/high‐risk category of nursing diagnoses was identified.ResultsThe sample included 2283 patients. A mean of 4·5 nursing diagnoses per patient was identified; this number showed a statistically significant difference among inpatient units and medical diagnoses. Six nursing diagnoses were classified as high frequency/high risk. Nursing diagnoses were not correlated with patient gender and age. A statistically significant perfect linear association (Spearman's correlation coefficient) was observed between the number of nursing diagnoses and both the length of stay and the mortality rate.ConclusionNursing complexity, as described by nursing diagnoses, was shown to be associated with length of stay and mortality. These results should be confirmed after considering other variables through multivariate analyses. The concept of high‐frequency/high‐risk nursing diagnoses should be expanded in further studies.
Reproductive strategy as a piece of the biogeographic puzzle: a case study using Antarctic sea stars (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)
Authors: Moreau Camille , Saucède Thomas , Jossart Quentin , Agüera Antonio , Brayard Arnaud , Danis Bruno 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo describe and analyse asteroid biogeographic patterns in the Southern Ocean (SO) and test whether reproductive strategy (brooder versus broadcaster) can explain distribution patterns at the scale of the entire class. We hypothesize that brooding and broadcasting species display different biogeographic patterns.LocationSouthern Ocean, south of 45 °S.MethodsOver 14,000 asteroid occurrences are analysed using bootstrapped spanning network (BSN), non‐metrical multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and clustering to uncover the spatial structure of faunal similarities among 25 bioregions.ResultsMain biogeographic patterns are congruent with previous works based on other taxa and highlight the isolation of New Zealand, the high richness in the Scotia Arc area particularly of brooding species, an East/West Antarctic differentiation, and the faunal affinities between South America and sub‐Antarctic Islands. Asteroids show lower endemism levels than previously reported with 29% of species occurring in Antarctica only. In particular, asteroids from Tierra del Fuego showed affinities with those of West Antarctica at the species level, suggesting a recent mixing of assemblages. Biogeographic patterns are highly linked to reproductive strategy. Patterns also differ according to the taxonomic level, revealing the underlying role of historical factors.Main conclusionsPatterns of sea star biogeography are consistent with results obtained for other marine groups and are strongly linked to reproductive strategy.
Adolescent daytime sleepiness as a risk factor for adult crime
Authors: Raine Adrian , Venables Peter H. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWhile recent cross‐sectional research has documented a relationship between sleep problems and antisocial behavior, the longitudinal nature of this relationship is unknown. This study tests both the hypothesis that adolescent daytime sleepiness is associated with later adult criminal offending, and also tests a biopsychosocial mediation model in which social adversity predisposes to sleepiness, which in turn predisposes to attentional impairment, and to adult crime.MethodsSchoolboys aged 15 years rated themselves on self‐report sleepiness. Age 15 antisocial behavior was assessed by teacher ratings and self‐reports, while convictions for crime were assessed at age 29. Attentional capacity at age 15 was assessed by autonomic orienting, with arousal assessed by the electroencephalogram (EEG).ResultsSleepy adolescents were more likely to be antisocial during adolescence, and were 4.5 times more likely to commit crime by age 29. The sleepiness–adult crime relationship withstood control for adolescent antisocial behavior. Self‐report sleepiness predicted to adult crime over and above objective measures of daytime sleepiness (EEG theta activity) and age 15 antisocial behavior. Poor daytime attention partly mediated the sleep–crime relationship. Mediation analyses also showed that social adversity predisposed to daytime sleepiness which was associated with reduced attention which in turn predisposed to adult crime.ConclusionsFindings are the first to document a longitudinal association between sleepiness in adolescence and crime in adulthood. The longitudinal nature of this relationship, controlling for age 15 antisocial behavior, is consistent with the hypothesis that adolescent sleepiness predisposes to later antisociality. Findings are also consistent with the notion that the well‐established link between social adversity and adult crime is partly explained by sleepiness. Results suggest that a very brief and simple assessment of subjective daytime sleepiness may have prognostic clinical value, and that interventions to reduced sleepiness could be a useful avenue for future crime prevention.
User participation is a family matter: A multiple case study of the experiences of older, hospitalised people and their relatives
Authors: Nyborg Ingrid , Danbolt Lars J , Kirkevold Marit 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this multiple case study was to compare and contrast older people's and their relatives’ experiences of participation in decision‐making processes regarding the planning of everyday life after discharge from hospital.BackgroundInternationally, patient involvement in health services is established to benefit patient health and to improve quality of the services. The literature shows that at hospital discharge, older people would benefit from better communication and more active participation of relatives in the discharge planning. Little research has been carried out on the experiences of patients and relatives as a family in this context, and even less has investigated their participation.DesignThis study used a qualitative design with a comparative multicase approach. Participants were recruited from two hospitals in Norway using a purposive sampling strategy.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with five patients and with six of their relatives.ResultsThree patterns of experiences were identified: contradicting experiences; consistent experiences of nonpreferred participation; similar, but separate experiences of user participation.ConclusionsUser participation in the planning of everyday life following discharge appeared to be random and limited for both patients and their relatives, and conflicting for the families as a whole. The decision‐making processes seemed to be limited to the hospital context and did not include the broader context of everyday life following discharge.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results underscore the importance of taking a family perspective when caring for older people. Family meetings might be a useful tool to ensure systematic assessment and integration of the perspectives of both older people and their family in the planning of follow‐up care.
The lived experience of recovery during the first 6 months after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Jakobsson Jenny , Idvall Ewa , Kumlien Christine 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe the lived experience of recovery during the first 6 months after colorectal cancer surgery.BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. Early discharge places demands on healthcare professionals to prepare patients for their return home and to provide them with appropriate support throughout the recovery process. This requires knowledge of what it is like to recover from colorectal cancer surgery.DesignA qualitative phenomenological design was used to describe the structure of recovery after colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsTen patients recovering from colorectal cancer surgery were interviewed at one month and six months after surgery. The descriptive phenomenological method by Giorgi was used throughout the study.ResultsPostoperative recovery was described as a progressive process. This process was accompanied by experiences of physical powerlessness, difficulties with food intake, altered bowel function and dependency on others. The experiences were most intense at the beginning of the recovery but disappeared as time went by and normality in life returned.ConclusionWhile recovering from colorectal cancer surgery, patients experience obstacles that impede their ability to live life as normal. Six months after surgery, those experiences disappear or become adjusted to being part of normal life.Relevance to clinical practicePatients should be provided with information about the expected postoperative recovery before discharge from hospital. The need for professional support appears to be most frequently needed in early recovery, but it should be considered on an individual basis.