bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between a 2D channelized Hotelling observer and human observers in a low‐contrast detection task with multislice reading in CT
Authors: Yu Lifeng , Chen Baiyu , Kofler James M. , Favazza Christopher P. , Leng Shuai , Kupinski Matthew A. , McCollough Cynthia H. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeModel observers have been successfully developed and used to assess the quality of static 2D CT images. However, radiologists typically read images by paging through multiple 2D slices (i.e., multislice reading). The purpose of this study was to correlate human and model observer performance in a low‐contrast detection task performed using both 2D and multislice reading, and to determine if the 2D model observer still correlate well with human observer performance in multislice reading.MethodsA phantom containing 18 low‐contrast spheres (6 sizes × 3 contrast levels) was scanned on a 192‐slice CT scanner at five dose levels (CTDIvol = 27, 13.5, 6.8, 3.4, and 1.7 mGy), each repeated 100 times. Images were reconstructed using both filtered‐backprojection (FBP) and an iterative reconstruction (IR) method (ADMIRE, Siemens). A 3D volume of interest (VOI) around each sphere was extracted and placed side‐by‐side with a signal‐absent VOI to create a 2‐alternative forced choice (2AFC) trial. Sixteen 2AFC studies were generated, each with 100 trials, to evaluate the impact of radiation dose, lesion size and contrast, and reconstruction methods on object detection. In total, 1600 trials were presented to both model and human observers. Three medical physicists acted as human observers and were allowed to page through the 3D volumes to make a decision for each 2AFC trial. The human observer performance was compared with the performance of a multislice channelized Hotelling observer (CHO_MS), which integrates multislice image data, and with the performance of previously validated CHO, which operates on static 2D images (CHO_2D). For comparison, the same 16 2AFC studies were also performed in a 2D viewing mode by the human observers and compared with the multislice viewing performance and the two CHO models.ResultsHuman observer performance was well correlated with the CHO_2D performance in the 2D viewing mode [Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient R = 0.972, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.919 to 0.990] and with the CHO_MS performance in the multislice viewing mode (R = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.865 to 0.984). The CHO_2D performance, calculated from the 2D viewing mode, also had a strong correlation with human observer performance in the multislice viewing mode (R = 0.957, 95% CI: 879 to 0.985). Human observer performance varied between the multislice and 2D modes. One reader performed better in the multislice mode (P = 0.013); whereas the other two readers showed no significant difference between the two viewing modes (P = 0.057 and P = 0.38).ConclusionsA 2D CHO model is highly correlated with human observer performance in detecting spherical low contrast objects in multislice viewing of CT images. This finding provides some evidence for the use of a simpler, 2D CHO to assess image quality in clinically relevant CT tasks where multislice viewing is used.
Fabrication and characterization of composites composed of a bioresorbable polyester matrix and surface modified calcium carbonate whisker for bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Jielin , Fan Zhongyong , Li Suming , Liu Xue , Shen Xin , Su Feng 
Published: May 2017

This work aims to evaluate the potential of a bioresorbable composite as material for bone regeneration. Surface‐modified calcium carbonate whiskers (CCWs) were prepared by grafting of ethylene glycol (EG) using 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate as coupling agent, followed by ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide initiated by the hydroxyl group of EG. The resulting PLLA‐EG‐g‐CCW was used as filler to reinforce a bioresorbable terpolymer, poly(l‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate‐co‐glycolide) (PLTG). The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the PLTG/PLLA‐EG‐g‐CCW composites were greatly improved. Compared with neat PLTG, a 39.3% increase in tensile strength and 26.7% increase in elongation at break were obtained for the composite with 2 wt% PLLA‐EG‐g‐CCW filler. This was assigned to the reinforcement effect of evenly dispersed PLLA‐EG‐g‐CCW in the polymeric matrix. In fact, entanglement of PLLA grafts at the surface of PLLA‐EG‐g‐CCW with PLTG chains results in a homogeneous distribution of the filler in the matrix. Thus, the composites are simultaneously strengthened and toughened. The cytocompatibility of the materials was evaluated from cell morphology and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. The results indicate that the composite presents very low cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impaired immune function in children and adults with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Myers Kasiani C. , Sauter Sharon , Zhang Xue , Bleesing Jacob J. , Davies Stella M. , Wells Susanne I. , Mehta Parinda A. , Kumar Ashish , Marmer Daniel , Marsh Rebecca , Brown Darron , Butsch Kovacic Melinda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by genome instability, bone marrow failure, and cancer predisposition. Previously, small studies have reported heterogeneous immune dysfunction in FA.ProcedureWe performed a detailed immunologic assessment in a large FA cohort who have not undergone bone marrow transplantation or developed malignancies. Comprehensive quantitative and functional immunologic assessment of 29 FA individuals was compared to healthy age‐matched controls.ResultsCompared to non‐FA persons of similar ages, FA individuals showed lower absolute total B cells (P < 0.001), lower memory B cells (P < 0.001), and decreased IgM (P < 0.001) but normal IgG. NK cells (P < 0.001) and NK cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) were decreased. CD4+ T cells were decreased (P = 0.022), while CD8+ T cell and absolute T‐cell numbers were comparable. Cytotoxic T cells (P < 0.003), and antigen proliferation response to tetanus (P = 0.019) and candida (P = 0.019), were diminished in FA. Phytohemagglutinin responses and plasma cytokines were normal. Within FA subjects, adults and older children (≥10 years) exhibited higher CD8+ T cells than younger children (P = 0.004). Documented atypical infections were infrequent, although oral human papilloma virus (HPV) prevalence was higher (31% positive) in FA.ConclusionsOverall, these results demonstrate a high rate of significant humoral and cellular immune dysfunction. Continued longitudinal study of immune function is critical to understand evolution with age, bone marrow failure, and cancer development.
Sickle cell disease and implementation science: A partnership to accelerate advances
Authors: King Allison A. , Baumann Ana A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) results in end organ damage and a shortened lifespan. Both the pathophysiology of the disease and the social determinants of health affect patient outcomes. Randomized controlled trials have been completed among this population and resulted in medical advances; however, the gestation of these advances and the lack of penetrance into clinical practice have limited advancements in clinical improvements for many people with SCD. We discuss the role of implementation science in SCD and highlight the need for this science to shorten the length of time to implement evidence‐based care for more people with SCD.
Role of Procalcitonin in Differentiating between Infectious and Noninfectious Fevers among Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun , Tan Thuan Tong , Lim Soon Thye , Farid Mohamad , Tao Miriam , Quek Richard , Chan Alexandre , Tang Tiffany 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to prospectively evaluate the role of procalcitonin (PCT) in distinguishing infectious fever from noninfectious fever (NIF) among febrile lymphoma patients. The secondary objective is to evaluate the usefulness of PCT in distinguishing among bloodstream infections (BSI), local infections and unidentified infections (LIUI), and NIF.MethodsPatients with lymphoma and fever were prospectively recruited between August 2014 and November 2015. PCT was measured within 24 hours of fever onset (PCT1) and 24–72 hours thereafter (PCT2). The higher PCT value between PCT1 and PCT2 was also documented (PCTmax). PCT levels (PCT1, PCT2, and PCTmax) were compared for BSI, LIUI, and NIF. In addition, the difference between PCT1 and PCT2 was evaluated in patients with complete data on both PCT1 and PCT2.ResultsOf 108 eligible patients, 12 were diagnosed with BSI, 83 with LIUI, and 13 with NIF. PCTmax was statistically different between the infectious fever (BSI and LIUI combined) and NIF groups (median PCTmax: 0.44 ng/ml vs 0.19 ng/ml; p=0.026). PCT1 was not statistically different for patients with BSI, LIUI, and NIF (p=0.217). However, PCT2 and PCTmax were significantly higher in patients with BSI compared to those with NIF (p=0.026 and 0.002, respectively). Meanwhile, patients with BSI have significantly higher PCTmax values than those with LIUI (p=0.034). Among 90 cases with complete data on both PCT1 and PCT2, PCT2 was significantly higher than PCT1 in patients with BSI (median PCT: 0.98 ng/ml vs 0.47 ng/ml; p=0.045) and patients with LIUI (median PCT: 0.43 ng/ml vs 0.24 ng/ml; p=0.004), while not significant in patients with NIF (p=0.374).ConclusionTwo separate PCT measurements can differentiate between infectious fever and NIF and predict for BSI in lymphoma patients with fever.
Achieving branched polyethylene waxes by aryliminocycloocta[b]pyridylnickel precatalysts: Synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization
Authors: Zhang Randi , Wang Zheng , Flisak Zygmunt , Hao Xiang , Liu Qingbin , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCycloocta[b]pyridin‐10‐one was prepared to form the corresponding imino derivatives, which then reacted with (DME)NiBr2 to form 10‐aryliminocycloocta[b]pyridylnickel bromides (Ni1–Ni5). The new compounds were characterized by means of FT‐IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis and the organic ligands were also analyzed by the NMR measurements. Furthermore, the molecular structure of a representative complex Ni3 was determined by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction, indicating the distorted tetrahedral geometry around the nickel atom. Upon the activation with either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or diethylaluminium chloride (Et2AlCl), the title nickel complexes exhibited high activity in ethylene polymerization and produced polyethylene of low molecular weight (1.43–6.78 kg mol−1) and low dispersity (1.7–2.4), which suggests a single‐site catalytic system. More importantly, the microstructure of the resultant polyethylene (especially degree of branching) and certain physical properties, such as Tm values, can easily be modulated by selecting the proper substituents within the ligands and adjusting the polymerization conditions. This finding demonstrates that it is plausible to use a single catalyst for synthesizing different types of polyethylene on demand.10‐Aryliminocycloocta[b]pyridylnickel bromides (Ni1–Ni5), upon activation with either MAO or Et2AlCl, exhibited high activity towards ethylene polymerization and produced polyethylenes with low molecular weight (1.43–6.78 kg mol−1) and low dispersity (1.7–2.4). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2601–2610
On the dynamics of H2 adsorption on the Pt(111) surface
Authors: Kraus Peter , Frank Irmgard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe dynamics and kinetics of the dissociation of hydrogen over the hexagonal close packed platinum (Pt(111)) surface are investigated using Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics and static density functional theory calculations of the potential energy surfaces. The calculations model the reference energy‐resolved molecular beam experiments, considering the degrees of freedom of the catalytic surface. Two‐dimensional potential energy surfaces above the main sites on Pt(111) are determined. Combined with Car–Parrinello trajectories, they confirm the dissociative adsorption of H2 as the only adsorption pathway on this surface at H2 incindence energies above 5 kJ/mol. A direct determination of energy‐resolved sticking coefficients from molecular dynamics is also performed, showing an excellent agreement with the experimental data at incidence energies in the 5–30 kJ/mol range. Application of dispersion corrections does not lead to an improvement in the prediction of the H2 sticking coefficient. The adsorption reaction rate obtained from the calculated sticking coefficients is consistent with experimentally derived literature values.
Set‐based fault detection and isolation for detectable linear parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Silvestre Daniel , Rosa Paulo , Hespanha João P. , Silvestre Carlos 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn the context of fault detection and isolation of linear parameter‐varying systems, a challenging task appears when the dynamics and the available measurements render the model unobservable, which invalidates the use of standard set‐valued observers. Two results are obtained in this paper, namely, using a left‐coprime factorization, one can achieve set‐valued estimates with ultimately bounded hyper‐volume and convergence dependent on the slowest unobservable mode; and by rewriting the set‐valued observer equations and taking advantage of a coprime factorization, it is possible to have a low‐complexity fault detection and isolation method. Performance is assessed through simulation, illustrating, in particular, the detection time for various types of faults. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of fungal laccase production under solid state bioprocessing of new agroindustrial waste and its application on dye decolorization
Authors: Akpinar Merve , Ozturk Urek Raziye 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLignocellulosic wastes are generally produced in huge amounts worldwide. Peach waste of these obtained from fruit juice industry was utilized as the substrate for laccase production byPleurotus eryngiiunder solid state bioprocessing (SSB). Its chemical composition was determined and this bioprocess was carried out under stationary conditions at 28 °C. The effects of different compounds; copper, iron, Tween 80, ammonium nitrate and manganese, and their variable concentrations on laccase production were investigated in detail. The optimum production of laccase (43,761.33 ± 3845 U L−1) was achieved on the day of 20 by employing peach waste of 5.0 g and 70 µM Cu2+, 18 µM Fe2+, 0.025% (v/v) Tween 80, 4.0 g L−1ammonium nitrate, 750 µM Mn2+as the inducers. The dye decolorization also researched to determine the degrading capability of laccase produced from peach culture under the above-mentioned conditions. Within this scope of the study, methyl orange, tartrazine, reactive red 2 and reactive black dyes were treated with this enzyme. The highest decolorization was performed with methyl orange as 43 ± 2.8% after 5 min of treatment when compared to other dyes. Up to now, this is the first report on the induction of laccase production byP. eryngiiunder SSB using peach waste as the substrate.
First report ofPhyllosticta citricarpaand description of two new species,P. paracapitalensisandP. paracitricarpa, from citrus in Europe
Authors: Guarnaccia V. , Groenewald J.Z. , Li H. , Glienke C. , Carstens E. , Hattingh V. , Fourie P.H. , Crous P.W. 
Published: May 2017

The genusPhyllostictaoccurs worldwide, and contains numerous plant pathogenic, endophytic and saprobic species.Phyllosticta citricarpais the causal agent of Citrus Black Spot disease (CBS), affecting fruits and leaves of several citrus hosts (Rutaceae), and can also be isolated from asymptomatic citrus tissues. Citrus Black Spot occurs in citrus-growing regions with warm summer rainfall climates, but is absent in countries of the European Union (EU).Phyllosticta capitalensisis morphologically similar toP. citricarpa, but is a non-pathogenic endophyte, commonly isolated from citrus leaves and fruits and a wide range of other hosts, and is known to occur in Europe. To determine whichPhyllostictaspp. occur within citrus growing regions of EU countries, several surveys were conducted (2015–2017) in the major citrus production areas of Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain to collect both living plant material and leaf litter in commercial nurseries, orchards, gardens, backyards and plant collections. A total of 64Phyllostictaisolates were obtained from citrus in Europe, of which 52 were included in a multi-locus (ITS,actA,tef1,gapdh, LSU andrpb2genes) DNA dataset. Two isolates from Florida (USA), three isolates from China, and several reference strains from Australia, South Africa and South America were included in the overall 99 isolate dataset. Based on the data obtained, two known species were identified, namelyP. capitalensis(from asymptomatic living leaves ofCitrusspp.) in Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain, andP. citricarpa(from leaf litter ofC.sinensisandC.limon) in Italy, Malta and Portugal. Moreover, two new species were described, namelyP. paracapitalensis(from asymptomatic living leaves ofCitrusspp.) in Italy and Spain, andP. paracitricarpa(from leaf litter ofC.limon) in Greece. On a genotypic level, isolates ofP.citricarpapopulations from Italy and Malta (MAT1-2-1) represented a single clone, and those from Portugal (MAT1-1-1) another. Isolates ofP. citricarpaandP. paracitricarpawere able to induce atypical lesions (necrosis) in artificially inoculated mature sweet orange fruit, whileP. capitalensisandP. paracapitalensisinduced no lesions. ThePhyllostictaspecies recovered were not found to be widespread, and were not associated with disease symptoms, indicating that the fungi persisted over time, but did not cause disease.
GIFTING CULTURES AND ARTISANAL GUILDS IN SIXTEENTH- AND EARLY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON
Authors: KILBURN-TOPPIN JASMINE 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article reconsiders the gift within London's sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century livery companies. Previous research into guild gift-giving cultures has focused exclusively upon substantial bequests of money and property by mercantile elites to the ‘great twelve’ livery companies. Through charitable gifts, citizens established godly reputations and legacies, perpetuated through the guild institution. It is argued here that a rich culture of material gift-giving, hitherto overlooked by historians, also thrived within London's craft guilds. Drawing on company gift books, inventories, and material survivals from guild collections, this article examines typologies of donors and gifts, the anticipated ‘returns’ on the gift by the recipient company, and the ideal spatial and temporal contexts for gift-giving. This material approach reveals that master artisans negotiated civic status, authority, and memory through the presentation of a wide range of gifted artefacts for display and ritual use in London's livery halls. Moreover, this culture of gift-giving was so deep-rooted and significant that it survived the Reformation upheavals largely intact. Finally, the embellishment of rituals of gifting, and the synchronization of gifting and feasting rites from the second half of the sixteenth century, are further evidence for the resurgence of English civic culture in this era.
Liming demand and plant growth improvements for an Oxisol under long-term no-till cropping
Authors: CARMEIS FILHO A. C. A. , CRUSCIOL C. A. C. , CASTILHOS A. M. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYThe adequate management of soil acidity has long been a challenge in no-till (NT) cropping systems. Some studies conducted in sub-tropical conditions have demonstrated the feasibility of surface liming. However, for tropical regions with dry winters, little long-term information about adequate rates and frequencies of application is available. A 12-year field trial was performed under a tropical no-tillage system with an annual crop rotation scheme. The treatments were composed of four lime rates (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 kg/ha), estimated via the base saturation (BS) method. Surface application of lime was found to be an effective method for improving the soil fertility profile under this long-term NT cropping system. All three acidity components (pH, hydrogen + aluminium (H + Al), exchangeable Al) and some fertility attributes (phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and BS) were adjusted to a linear function, and better soil chemical conditions were obtained in the 4000 kg/ha treatment, even 4 years after the final application. Due to soil chemical changes, the root length density of wheat and common bean was greater at depths <0·20 m, which led to a higher grain yield, even under unfavourable weather conditions. The results indicate that the application of lime at higher rates can be an acceptable criterion for a tropical Oxisol under a no-tillage system, reducing the frequency of lime application.
A new leproseLeprocaulon(Ascomycota, Leprocaulales) from Great Britain
Authors: ORANGE Alan , EARLAND-BENNETT Peter M. , HITCH Christopher J. B. , POWELL Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLeprocaulon calcicolais described as new from walls in SE England; it is leprose, pale to mid blue-grey, and contains zeorin and usnic acid. It differs fromL. knudseniifrom North America in its habitat on mortared walls rather than non-calcareous rock and in its ITS sequence. ‘Lecanora’ecorticatadiffers in the yellower colour, and the presence of unidentified fatty acids and traces of unknown terpenoids (but not zeorin) by thin-layer chromatography. Leprose lichens with usnic acid are still poorly known and sequencing must be used to support morphological and chemical studies.
Tapellaria palaeotropica(Pilocarpaceae), a new foliicolous lichen species from the Seychelles, and a world key to the genus
Authors: NEUWIRTH Gerhard , STOCKER-WÖRGÖTTER Elfie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe new lichenized ascomyceteTapellaria palaeotropicais described from Mahé Island in the Seychelles. The species is characterized by a crustose, pale green, smooth thallus dispersed in patches and by having black, rounded apothecia with flat discs, hyaline, transversely, 3–5-septate ascospores and a purplish brown excipulum. Morphology, distribution and related species are discussed. A world key to all currently known species in the genus is presented.
New and interesting species in the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Vietnam
Authors: JOSHI Santosh , UPRETI Dalip K. , THANH Nguyen Thi , NGUYEN Anh Dong , HUR Jae-Seoun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe lowland area of southern Vietnam contains a high diversity of corticolous, crustose lichens, particularly in the family Graphidaceae. Two species, Acanthothecis verrucosa S. Joshi, Upreti & Hur and Graphis exuta S. Joshi, Upreti & Hur, are described new to science. Acanthothecis verrucosa is characterized by a verrucose, olive green thallus containing irregular to shortly lirellate apothecia, hyaline to brownish proper exciple apically lined by robust periphysoids, muriform ascospores, 30–70 × 15–20 μm, and the presence of psoromic and subpsoromic acids. Graphis exuta is characterized by a smooth, greenish white thallus, simple lirellae lacking thalline margin, entire labia coarsely white pruinose towards slit, muriform ascospores, 20–35×10–13 μm, and norstictic acid in the thallus. A new name, Acanthothecis yokdonensis S. Joshi & Hur, is proposed here for the species Acanthothecis salazinica S. Joshi & Hur, a later homonym of A. salazinica van den Boom & Sipman. In addition, 34 species from Vietnam are newly reported. A world key to the group of Graphis species characterized by short, simple and sessile lirellae lacking or with basal thalline margins (nuda-morph) is presented.