bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New conditions and intraspecific variation of some muscles of hands and feet of Dendropsophus labialis (Peters, 1863) (Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Hoyos Julio Mario , Salgar Lina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSystematics of frogs have been based on osteological and molecular characters; however, the morphology of the muscles of hands and feet has proven to be an important complement to these studies, but it has not been sufficiently studied. This study presents undescribed conditions based on the origin, insertion or arrangement of 18 muscles of hands and feet of Dendropsophus labialis, and intraspecific variation. Muscles of four specimens (two males and two females) were examined to observe both sides of each specimen determining new conditions, and comparing them with documented species of Dendropsophus. Four intraspecific variant categories were established: Minor, unique, explosive and mimicking. Mainly mimicking, explosive and unique variations were found. Our results show the need to expand intraspecific studies in more species of Dendropsophus and to assess its value in the phylogeny of the genus. The family Hylidae may be identifiable based upon the combination of character states of some of these muscles: the m. flexor indicis superficialis proprius and the group of tendines superficialis digitorum of hands and foot, the m. extensor brevis superficialis Digiti III of the hand, the m. extensor brevis superficialis Digiti IV in hands and the mm. extensores breves profundi Digiti III in hands.
The genetic basis of asymptomatic codon 8 frame‐shift (HBB:c25_26delAA) β0‐thalassaemia homozygotes
Authors: Jiang Zhihua , Luo Hong‐yuan , Huang Shengwen , Farrell John J. , Davis Lance , Théberge Roger , Benson Katherine A. , Riolueang Suchada , Viprakasit Vip , Al‐Allawi Nasir A.S. , Ünal Sule , Gümrük Fatma , Akar Nejat , Başak A. Nazli , Osorio Leonor , Badens Catherine , Pissard Serge , Joly Philippe , Campbell Andrew D. , Gallagher Patrick G. , Steinberg Martin H. , Forget Bernard G. , Chui David H.K. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryTwo 21‐year old dizygotic twin men of Iraqi descent were homozygous for HBB codon 8, deletion of two nucleotides (–AA) frame‐shift β0‐thalassaemia mutation (FSC8; HBB:c25_26delAA). Both were clinically well, had splenomegaly, and were never transfused. They had mild microcytic anaemia (Hb 120‐130 g/l) and 98% of their haemoglobin was fetal haemoglobin (HbF). Both were carriers of Hph α‐thalassaemia mutation. On the three major HbF quantitative trait loci (QTL), the twins were homozygous for G>A HBG2 Xmn1 site at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7482144, homozygous for 3‐bp deletion HBS1L‐MYB intergenic polymorphism (HMIP) at rs66650371, and heterozygous for the A>C BCL11A intron 2 polymorphism at rs766432. These findings were compared with those found in 22 other FSC8 homozygote patients: four presented with thalassaemia intermedia phenotype, and 18 were transfusion dependent. The inheritance of homozygosity for HMIP 3‐bp deletion at rs66650371 and heterozygosity for Hph α‐thalassaemia mutation was found in the twins and not found in any of the other 22 patients. Further studies are needed to uncover likely additional genetic variants that could contribute to the exceptionally high HbF levels and mild phenotype in these twins.
Postoperative mortality 90 days after robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and retropubic radical prostatectomy: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Björklund Johan , Folkvaljon Yasin , Cole Alexander , Carlsson Stefan , Robinson David , Loeb Stacy , Stattin Pär , Akre Olof 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo assess 90‐day postoperative mortality after robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) using nationwide population‐based registry data.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden, including 22 344 men with localized prostate cancer of clinical stage T1–T3, whose prostate‐specific antigen levels were <50 μg/mL and who had undergone primary radical prostatectomy in the period 1998–2012. Vital status was ascertained through the Total Population Register. The rates for 90‐day postoperative mortality were analysed using logistic regression analysis, and comparisons of 90‐day mortality with the background population were made using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).ResultsOf the 14 820 men who underwent RRP, 29 (0.20%) died, and of the 7 524 men who underwent RARP, 10 (0.13%) died. Mortality in the cohort during the 90‐day postoperative period was lower than in an age‐matched background population: SMR 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.75). There was no statistically significant difference in 90‐day mortality according to surgical method: RARP vs RRP odds ratio (OR) 1.14; 95% CI 0.46–2.81. Postoperative 90‐day mortality decreased over time: 2008–2012 vs 1998–2007 OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.95, mainly because of lower mortality after RARP.ConclusionThe 90‐day postoperative mortality rates were low after RARP and RRP and there was no statistically significant difference between the methods. Given the long life expectancy among men with low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer, very low postoperative mortality is a prerequisite for RP, which was fulfilled by both RRP and RARP. The selection of healthy men for RP is highlighted by the lower 90‐day mortality after RP compared with the background population.
Validation of a bone scan positivity risk table in non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Howard Lauren E. , Hanyok Brian T. , Kadiyala Vishnu K. , Kuang Jameson Y. , Whitney Colette A. , Wilks Floyd R. , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Amling Christopher L. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Aronson William J. , Moreira Daniel M. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo test the external validity of a previously developed risk table, designed to predict the probability of a positive bone scan among men with non‐metastatic (M0) castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), in a separate cohort.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 429 bone scans of 281 patients with CRPC, with no known previous metastases, treated at three Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. We assessed the predictors of a positive scan using generalized estimating equations. Area under the curve (AUC), calibration plots and decision‐curve analysis were used to assess the performance of our previous model to predict a positive scan in the current data.ResultsA total of 113 scans (26%) were positive. On multivariable analysis, the only significant predictors of a positive scan were log‐transformed prostate‐specific antigen (PSA): hazard ratio (HR) 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.66 (P < 0.001) and log‐transformed PSA doubling time (PSADT): HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.41–0.68 (P < 0.001). Among men with a PSA level <5 ng/mL, the rate of positive scans was 5%. The previously developed risk table had an AUC of 0.735 to predict positive bone scan with excellent calibration, and provided additional net benefit in the decision‐curve analysis.ConclusionWe have validated our previously developed table to predict the risk of a positive bone scan among men with M0/Mx CRPC. Use of this risk table may allow better tailoring of patients' scanning to identify metastases early, while minimizing over‐imaging. Regardless of PSADT, positive bone scans were rare in men with a PSA <5 ng/mL.
Erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) combined responders to tadalafil after 12 weeks of treatment
Authors: Roehrborn Claus G. , Egan Kathryn B. , Miner Martin M. , Ni Xiao , Wong David G. , Rosen Raymond C. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo analyse the proportion of men taking tadalafil 5 mg once daily who experience a combined improvement in symptoms of both erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH).Materials and MethodsThe data from men aged ≥45 years randomized to tadalafil 5 mg once daily or placebo enrolled in one of four randomized, placebo‐controlled LUTS/BPH clinical trials were analysed (N = 927). A novel classification of ‘combined responders’ to ED and LUTS/BPH treatment was defined, based on published criteria for men who showed improvement in both International Index of Erectile Function – Erectile Function domain (IIEF‐EF) score and total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Descriptive analyses assessed the covariate distribution by responder status. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions provided odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals comparing combined responders with all others (partial and non‐responders).ResultsAmong men randomized to tadalafil 5 mg, 40.5% were combined responders (n = 189). Among placebo randomized men, 18.3% were combined responders (n = 84). Combined responders, in the total population, had the highest baseline IPSS and lowest baseline IIEF‐EF scores, corresponding to the highest level of dysfunction. The majority of men were aged ≤65 years, white, non‐obese, non‐smokers, and regular alcohol consumers. Only treatment, baseline IPSS, baseline IIEF‐EF, obesity and psychoactive medication use were significantly associated with responder status (P ≤ 0.05). Tadalafil‐treated men had 2.8 times significantly increased adjusted odds of being combined responders vs non‐responders (P < 0.001). For each unit decrease in baseline IIEF‐EF or alcoholic drink consumption per week there was a 4% significant increase in the adjusted odds of being a combined responder to tadalafil therapy.ConclusionsThis novel measure of combined response is useful in differentiating patients with clinically relevant symptom improvement for both ED and LUTS/BPH after treatment with tadalafil 5 mg once daily vs placebo. This combined responder measure may be useful in future assessment of treatment benefits across patient groups after various types of treatment intervention (e.g. surgical vs pharmacotherapy vs non‐pharmacological intervention).
Complications after prostate biopsies in men on active surveillance and its effects on receiving further biopsies in the Prostate cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study
Authors: Bokhorst Leonard P. , Lepistö Inari , Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Bangma Chris H. , Pickles Tom , Valdagni Riccardo , Alberts Arnout R. , Semjonow Axel , Strölin Petra , Montesino Manuel F. , Berge Viktor , Roobol Monique J. , Rannikko Antti 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo study the risk of serial prostate biopsies on complications in men on active surveillance (AS) and determine the effect of complications on receiving further biopsies.Patients and methodsIn the global Prostate cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study, men are prospectively followed on AS and repeat prostate biopsies are scheduled at 1, 4, and 7 years after the diagnostic biopsy, or once yearly if prostate‐specific antigen‐doubling time is <10 years. Data on complications after biopsy, including infection, haematuria, haematospermia, and pain, were retrospectively collected for all biopsies taken during follow‐up in men from several large participating centres. Generalised estimating equations were used to test predictors of infection after biopsy. Competing risk analysis was used to compare the rates of men receiving further biopsies between men with and without previous complications.ResultsIn all, 2 184 biopsies were taken in 1 164 men. Infection was reported after 55 biopsies (2.5%), and one in five men reported any form of complication. At multivariable analysis, the number of previous biopsies was not a significant predictor of infection (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.76–1.43). The only significant predictor for infection was the type of prophylaxis used. Of all men with a complication at the diagnostic or first repeat biopsy, 21% did not have a repeat biopsy at the time a repeat biopsy was scheduled according to protocol, vs 12% for men without a previous biopsy complication.ConclusionIn our present cohort of men on AS, we found no evidence that repeat prostate biopsy in itself posed a risk of infection. However, complications after biopsy were not uncommon and after a complication men were less likely to have further biopsies. We should aim to safely reduce the amount of repeat biopsies in men on AS.
Atrial average conduction velocity in patients with and without paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zheng Yaxi , Xia Yunlong , Carlson Jonas , Kongstad Ole , Yuan Shiwen 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectivesTo evaluate intra‐atrial conduction delay in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) via calculation of conduction velocities (CVs) of the right and left atria.MethodsElectroanatomic mapping was performed during sinus rhythm, in the right atrium (RA) in eight patients with paroxysmal AF, in 12 controls with atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and in the left atrium (LA) in additional 16 AF patients. Three‐dimensional maps of activation sequences of the RA and LA were obtained. Local CVs were specifically calculated in the direction of wave‐front propagation on the activation maps by using 3‐dimensional coordinates and local activation times of triads of sites. Average CVs of each atrium and each of 8 predefined RA and LA regions were calculated.ResultsDuring sinus rhythm, the average CVs of the RA were significantly slower (P<0·05) in the AF group (0·60 ± 0·12 m s−1) than in the controls (0·83 ± 0·13 m s−1). The average CVs of the RA basal, septal and annulus regions were significantly slower than the corresponding regions in controls (P<0·05). In patients with AF, the average CV of the LA was 0·51 ± 0·11 m s−1, which is significantly slower than that of the RA and than that of LA as previously reported (P<0·05).ConclusionCompared to patients with AVNRT, patients with AF are associated with conduction delay in both atria with the delay being more marked in the LA than in the RA, which suggests the involvement of conduction disturbances in the genesis and/or perpetuation of AF.
A novel method for sensitive determination of subclinical right ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Zhou Nian‐Wei , Pan Cui‐Zhen , Kong De‐Hong , Li Zheng , Li Wen‐Jing , Gong Xue , Chen Hai‐Yan , Zhao Wei‐Peng , Wang Xiao‐Lin , Li Shan‐Qun , Shu Xian‐Hong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate right ventricular (RV) regional systolic function and dyssynchrony in patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea using real‐time three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography.MethodsEighty‐two subjects without hypertension, diabetes mellitus or any cardiac or pulmonary disease referred for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had overnight polysomnography and complete echocardiographic assessment. According to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), subjects were divided into four groups: group 1: control subjects (AHI < 5, n = 19), group 2: patients with mild OSA (AHI: 5–14, n = 21), group 3: moderate OSA (AHI: 15–30, n = 18), group 4: severe OSA (AHI > 30, n = 24). Real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiographic images were acquired to obtain RV regional (inflow, body and outflow) ejection fraction (EF) and time to minimum systolic volume in all subjects.ResultsBody weight and body mass index were greater in the severe and moderate OSA group than those of mild and controls group (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in mean SaO2 and the lowest SaO2 in severe OSA when compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Inflow EF and global EF were significantly lower in moderate and severe OSA patients than in controls (P < 0.05). Inflow EF and global EF were negatively correlated with AHI (r = −0.534 and r = −0.479, respectively, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with OSA, RV inflow and global systolic function were impaired and were in inverse relationship with AHI. Evaluation of RV regional systolic function using real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography may play a potential role in the noninvasive assessment of the severity of OSA.
Hospitalisation of multiethnic older patients with AECOPD: exploration of the occurrence of anxiety, depression and factors associated with short‐term hospital readmission
Authors: Al Aqqad Sana’ M.H. , Tangiisuran Balamurugan , Hyder Ali Irfhan Ali , Md. Kassim Razul Md. Nazri , Wong Jyi Lin , Tengku Saifudin Tengku Ismail 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe elderly, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are at a higher risk of hospitalisation due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). They also often encounter multiple co‐morbidities.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to explore the occurrence of anxiety, depression and to identify the factors associated with hospital readmission among older patients after AECOPD discharge.MethodsA multicentre prospective study was conducted in Malaysia (from 1st September 2012 till 31st September 2013) among older patients (≥60 years) hospitalised for AECOPD. Anxiety and depression were assessed on discharge using previously validated questionnaires, Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7 and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), respectively. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 months after discharge.ResultsA total of 81 patients with a median age of 72 years (IQR 66.40–78.00) were recruited. Anxiety was observed in 34.57% while 38.27% had depression. Both anxiety and depression were detected in 25.93% of the patients. A history of frequent AECOPD admissions was found to be associated with developing depressive symptoms, while anxiety scores were associated with severe dyspnoea. Severe depression was more commonly identified among patients aged 60–75 and in those with a history of tuberculosis. A high readmission rate (40.74%) during the 3‐month period was noticed. History of frequent AECOPD admissions (OR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.05–7.85, P = 0.040) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR = 4.04; 95% CI 1.1–14.6, P = 0.032) were identified as the factors associated with the risk of hospital readmission.ConclusionsAnxiety and depression were found to be relatively common among older patients with AECOPD. IHD and history of frequent COPD hospitalisation were associated with short‐term readmission among the elderly.
Immunohistochemical analysis of lichenoid reactions in patients treated with anti‐PD‐L1 and anti‐PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Schaberg Kurt B. , Novoa Roberto A. , Wakelee Heather A. , Kim Jinah , Cheung Christine , Srinivas Sandhya , Kwong Bernice Y. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundRecent advances in the immunotherapeutic treatment of cancer have led to the development of multiple new directed therapies including monoclonal antibodies that block the immune checkpoint T‐cell receptor programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and the PD‐1 ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Various immune‐related toxicities have been associated with these drugs including, most commonly, skin rashes.MethodsFive cases of lichenoid dermatitis, including one case of lichenoid mucositis and one case of lichen sclerosus, associated with anti‐PD‐L1 and anti‐PD1 therapy were compared with three biopsies of non‐drug‐related lichen planus (LP) and three lichen planus‐like keratoses (LPLK) used as controls.ResultsHistopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis of these lichenoid lesions demonstrated significantly greater histiocytic infiltrates than observed in control lichenoid reactions (p = 0.0134). We also observed increased spongiosis and epidermal necrosis. No significant differences were seen in expression of CD3, CD4:CD8, CD20, PD‐1, CD25, Foxp3, CXCL13 and PD‐L1 expression.ConclusionsThese findings expand the literature of immune‐related toxicities of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 blockade to include lichenoid dermatitis and lichenoid mucositis. Of note, these cutaneous side effects were amenable to topical treatment, without the need for medication dose reduction or discontinuation.
Limitations of Ber‐EP4 for distinction of Bowen disease from basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kogut Marta , Toberer Ferdinand , Enk Alexander H. , Hassel Jessica C. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundDiagnostic differentiation between Bowen disease a variant of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can be difficult on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin (routine) staining in small or fragmented biopsy samples. Ber‐EP4 staining is diagnostically reliable for differentiation between BCC and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma [Dasgeb et al. Biomark Cancer, 5: 7, (2013); Tellechea et al. Am J Dermatopathol, 15: 452 (1993)]. The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of Ber‐EP4 staining for differentiation of SCCIS from BCC.MethodsHere, we performed immunohistochemistry with a Ber‐EP4 antibody in 76 cases of Bowen type of SCCIS. As positive controls we selected 16 cases of BCC.ResultsA positive reaction was obtained for Ber‐EP4 in the secretory portion of eccrine and apocrine glands and in follicular germinative cells at the lower end of catagen hairs of normal skin tissue. All BCC samples tested were positive. Of the Bowen type SCCIS samples, 26.3% reacted positively (at least 5% positive staining of neoplastic cells). In 3/76 cases (3.9%) more than 50% of the tumor cells expressed Ber‐EP4.ConclusionWe conclude that Ber‐EP4 expression is not always helpful to distinguish between Bowen type of SCCIS and BCC, as Ber‐EP4 expression in Bowen type SCCIS is not infrequent.
A special supplement: findings from the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register, birth years 1993 to 2006
Authors: Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , McIntyre Sarah , Gibson Catherine , Meehan Elaine , Scott Heather , Goldsmith Shona , Watson Linda , Badawi Nadia , Walker Karen , Novak Iona , Blair Eve ,   The Australian Cerebral Palsy Register Group
Published: January 2016

AimTo briefly outline the strengths and limitations of cerebral palsy (CP) registers, and to report on findings of the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register (ACPR) pertaining to a population cohort of children with CP.MethodDe‐identified data were extracted from the ACPR for people with CP in birth years 1993 to 2006, from South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia. Live birth prevalence of CP was estimated and risk factors described.ResultsThe overall birth prevalence of CP (including those whose CP was postneonatally acquired) for the 1993 to 2006 birth cohort was 2.1 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–2.2). Excluding cases with a known postneonatal cause, the birth prevalence for pre/perinatally acquired CP was 2.0 per 1000 live births (95% CI 1.9–2.1). A downward trend in rates of CP in those born extremely preterm was evident over at least three consecutive periods across all three regions. Most (58.6%) children were born at term (≥37wks). Male sex, early gestational age, low birthweight, and multiple birth were risk factors for CP.InterpretationOverall rates of CP did not change during this period. The proportion of those with CP born extremely preterm decreased. The ACPR Group will investigate whether this pattern continues when data pertaining to the next birth cohort for all three regions becomes available.