bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Patient-reported Outcomes of Quality of Life and Functioning Before and After Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Comorbid With Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Danovitch Itai , Steiner Alexander Joseph , Kazdan Anna , Goldenberg Matthew , Haglund Margaret , Mirocha James , Collison Katherine , Vanle Brigitte , Dang Jonathan , IsHak Waguih William 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are common among persons with major depressive disorder (MDD) and have an adverse impact on course of illness and patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine whether AUD adversely impacted patient-centered outcomes in a sample of research subjects evaluated as part of a large clinical trial for depression. The outcomes of interest to this post hoc analysis are quality of life (QOL), functioning, and depressive symptom severity.

Methods:
We analyzed 2280 adult MDD outpatient research subjects using data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression trial. We compared entry and post-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) treatment QOL, functioning, and depressive symptom severity scores between 121comorbid MDD with AUD (MDD + AUD) subjects and 2159 MDD-no-AUD subjects, and also differences between subjects categorized as remitters versus nonremitters within each group at exit.

Results:
At entry, MDD + AUD subjects reported similar QOL, functioning, and depressive symptom severity compared with the MDD-no-AUD subjects. After treatment with citalopram, both groups showed significant improvements throughout treatment; however, 36% to 55% of subjects still suffered from severely impaired QOL and functioning at exit.

Conclusions:
The overall study population demonstrated a significant response to treatment with large effect sizes in depressive symptom reduction, but to a lesser extent in QOL and functioning. Findings suggest that subjects with MDD + AUD benefited equally as MDD-no-AUD from treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) medication, yet both groups continue to experience reduced QOL and functioning after treatment. Monitoring QOL and functioning is critical to determine whether interventions that improve clinical outcomes also impact patient-centered outcomes, and our analysis suggests that there is a pressing need for innovative interventions that effectively improve these outcomes.
The Role of Radiographs and Office Visits in the Follow-Up of Healed Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: An Economic Analysis
Authors: Kempegowda Harish , Richard Raveesh , Borade Amrut , Tawari Akhil , Howenstein Abby M. , Kubiak Erik N. , Suk Michael , Horwitz Daniel S. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role and the necessity of radiographs and office visits obtained during follow-up of intertrochanteric hip injuries.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Two level I trauma centers.

Patients:
Four hundred sixty-five elderly patients who were surgically treated for an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur at 2 level I trauma centers between January 2009 and August 2014 were retrospectively identified from orthopaedic trauma databases.

Intervention:
Analysis of all healed intertrochanteric hip fractures, including demographic characteristics, quality of reduction, time of healing, number of office visits, number of radiographs obtained, and each radiograph for fracture alignment, implant position or any pathological changes.

Results:
The surgical fixation of 465 fractures included 155 short nails (33%), 232 long nails (50%), 69 sliding hip screw devices (15%), 7 trochanteric stabilizing plates (1.5%), and 2 proximal femur locking plates (0.5%). The average fracture healing time was 12.8 weeks and the average follow-up was 81.2 weeks. Radiographs of any patient obtained after the fracture had healed did not reveal any changes, including fracture alignment or implant position and hardware failure. In 9 patients, pathological changes, including arthritis (3), avascular necrosis (3), and ectopic ossification (3) were noted. The average number of elective office visits and radiographs obtained after the fracture had healed were 2.8 (range: 1–8) and 2.6 (range: 1–8), respectively. According to Medicare payments to the institution, these radiographs and office visits account for a direct cost of $360.81 and $192, respectively, per patient.

Conclusion:
The current study strongly suggests that there is a negligible role for radiographs and office visits during the follow-up of a well-healed hip fracture when there is documented evidence of radiographic and clinical healing with acceptable fracture alignment and implant position. Implementation of this simple measure will help in reducing the cost of care and inconvenience to elderly patients.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Suitability of the DRI Hydrocodone/Hydromorphone Immunoassay in the Clinical Environment at a Lower Cutoff: Validation With LC-MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Dixon Robert B. , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: October 2016

Background:
We evaluated the analytical performance of the DRI hydrocodone/hydromorphone assay by comparing semiquantitative values obtained by this assay with values obtained by a liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. We also evaluated the possibility of lowering the cutoff of the DRI assay from 300 to 100 ng/mL.

Methods:
We compared semiquantitative values obtained by the DRI assay in 97 specimens with values obtained by the LC-MS/MS method including 10 specimens containing hydrocodone and/or hydromorphone concentrations between 105.0 and 145.0 ng/mL (determined by LC-MS/MS) to determine the sensitivity at 100 ng/mL. In addition, several opioids at a concentration of 5000 ng/mL were also analyzed by the DRI assay to determine its specificity.

Results:
We observed no false-negative result using the DRI immunoassay in 96 specimens that showed semiquantitative values at 100 ng/mL or higher. However, one specimen containing 110 ng/mL of hydrocodone was false negative with the DRI assay (semiquantitative value 88 ng/mL, below 100 ng/mL cutoff). The semiquantitative values produced by DRI showed poor correlation with values determined by the LC-MS/MS method. The sensitivity of the DRI assay at 100 ng/mL was 90%, and the assay was very specific showing minimal cross-reactivity only with oxycodone and oxymorphone.

Conclusions:
DRI immunoassay for hydrocodone/hydromorphone is a cost-effective method of screening urine specimens in the clinical environment at a lower cutoff of 100 ng/mL.
Workplace chemical and toxin exposures reported to a Poisons Information Centre: a diverse range causing variable morbidity
Authors: Ling Sophia L.-Y. , McD. Taylor David , Robinson Jeffery 
Published: October 2016

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the period prevalence, nature and causes of workplace chemical and toxin exposures reported to the Victorian Poisons Information Centre (VPIC).

Patients and methods
All cases classified as ‘workplace: acute’ when entered into the VPIC database (June 2005–December 2013) were analysed. Data were collected on patient sex, the nature of the chemical or toxin, route of exposure and season.

Results
Overall, 4928 cases were extracted. Exposures to men (71.5% of calls) differed from women (P<0.001), with most exposures relating to industry/trade substances (23.7%) and cleaners/bleaches/detergents (36.9%), respectively. Ocular (33.2%), inhalational (27.7%) and dermal (22.1%) exposures were most common. Exposures were most common in Spring and most seasonal variation was found for veterinary/animal, agricultural/plant and household categories (P<0.05). In all, 3445 (69.9%) cases had symptoms related to their exposure at the time of the call. However, the proportion of symptomatic cases within the major substance categories differed significantly (P<0.001). Chemicals associated with the most symptoms were cleaners/bleaches/detergents, industrial/trade substances and acids.

Conclusion
Mild-moderately important workplace exposures are common. Significant variations exist between the sexes and seasons. Poisons Information Centres may play a role in ongoing surveillance of chemical and toxin exposures and a minimum exposure dataset is recommended.
Intravaginal Practices and Prevalence of Sexual and Reproductive Tract Infections Among Women in Rural Malawi
Authors: Esber Allahna , Rao Nisha , Norris Alison , Carr Reese Patricia , Kandodo Jonathan , Nampandeni Patrick , Jumbe Enock , Norris Turner Abigail 
Published: October 2016

Background
Many women engage in intravaginal practices (IVP) with a goal of improving genital hygiene and increasing sexual pleasure. Intravaginal practices can disrupt the genital mucosa, and some studies have found that IVP increases risk of acquisition of HIV and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Limited prior research also suggests significant associations between IVP, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Methods
We examined associations between IVP and HPV, BV, and HSV-2 among 200 women in rural Malawi participating in a clinic-based study on sexual and reproductive tract infections. We calculated prevalence ratios for the associations between frequency and type of IVP and outcomes of HPV, BV, and HSV-2.

Results
Intravaginal practices were commonly performed, with 95% of women reporting current use of at least 1 practice. Infections were also frequently detected: Twenty-two percent of the sample had at least 1 high-risk HPV type, 51% had BV, and 50% were HSV-2 seropositive. We observed no significant associations between type of IVP, frequency of IVP, or a combined measure capturing type and frequency of IVP—and any of the infection outcomes.

Conclusions
Although both IVP and our outcomes of interest (BV, HPV, and HSV-2) were common in the study population, we did not detect associations between IVP type or frequency and any of the 3 infections. However, the high prevalence and frequency of IVP may have limited our ability to detect significant associations.
Quality of Life and Functioning in Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder After Treatment With Citalopram Monotherapy
Authors: Steiner Alexander J. , Boulos Nathalie , Mirocha James , Wright Stephanie M. , Collison Katherine L. , IsHak Waguih W. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) often have high comorbidity, consequently influencing patient-reported outcomes of depressive symptom severity, quality of life (QOL), and functioning. We hypothesized that the combined effects of concurrent PTSD and MDD would result in worse treatment outcomes, whereas individuals who achieved MDD remission would have better treatment outcomes.

Methods
We analyzed 2280 adult participants who received level 1 treatment (citalopram monotherapy) in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study, including 2158 participants with MDD without comorbid PTSD and 122 participants with MDD with comorbid PTSD (MDD + PTSD). Post hoc analysis examined the proportion of participants whose scores were within normal or severely impaired for functioning and QOL. Remission status at exit from MDD was also determined.

Results
At entry, participants with MDD + PTSD experienced significantly worse QOL, functioning, and depressive symptom severity compared with participants with MDD without comorbid PTSD. Although both groups had significant improvements in functioning and QOL posttreatment, the participants with MDD + PTSD were less likely to achieve remission from MDD.

Conclusions
Findings suggested that participants with MDD + PTSD are at a greater risk for severe impairment across all domains and less likely to achieve remission from MDD after treatment with citalopram monotherapy. As such, the use of patient-reported measures of QOL and functioning may inform practicing clinicians' and clinical trial researchers' abilities to develop appropriate interventions and monitor treatment efficacy. More importantly, we encourage clinicians and health care providers to routinely screen for PTSD in patients with MDD because this at-risk group requires tailored and specific pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy interventions beyond traditionally standard treatments for depression.
Decreased Axon Flare Reaction to Electrical Stimulation in Patients With Chronic Demyelinating Inflammatory Polyneuropathy
Authors: Kokotis Panagiotis , Schmelz Martin , Papagianni Aikaterini E. , Zambelis Thomas , Karandreas Nikos 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
In chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (CIDP), the impairment of unmyelinated nerve fibers appears unexpected. The measurement of the electrically induced axon flare reflex is a clinical test to assess the peripheral C-nociceptor function. In this study, we compared the flare area in patients suffering from CIDP with healthy subjects.

Methods:
We examined 18 patients fulfilling the criteria for CIDP (11 men, mean age 51.8 years, SD 15.1) and 18 age-matched adult healthy volunteers (control group) (11 men, mean age 51.9 years, SD 15.8). The flare responses were elicited by transcutaneous electrical stimulation and recorded by laser Doppler imaging.

Results:
There was a significant reduction of electrically induced maximum flare area in the foot dorsum of patients with CIDP (t-value 2.08, P = 0.04) which proved to be length-dependent measured by a numerical index comparing the results with the forearm and thigh. The repeatedmeasures ANOVA revealed statistically significant smaller flare areas in all body regions for the CIDP group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The axon flare reaction to electrical stimulation was decreased in patients with chronic demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy. The evaluation of the axon flare response can be proposed as a noninvasive objective functional test to detect an impaired C-fiber function in CIDP patients with the advantages of simplicity of the procedure, time economy, and objectivity.
Can EEG Differentiate Among Syndromes in Genetic Generalized Epilepsy?
Authors: Seneviratne Udaya , Hepworth Graham , Cook Mark , D'Souza Wendyl 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate EEG differences among syndromes in genetic generalized epilepsy based on quantified data.

Methods:
Twenty-four-hour ambulatory EEGs were recorded in consecutive patients diagnosed with genetic generalized epilepsy. All epileptiform EEG abnormalities were quantified into density scores (total duration of epileptiform discharges per hour). One-way analysis of variance was conducted to find out differences in EEG density scores among the syndromes. Generalized linear mixed models were also fitted to explore the association between the proportion of “pure” generalized spike–wave paroxysms and fragments (without intervening polyspikes/polyspike–waves) and the syndromes.

Results:
In total, 6,923 epileptiform discharges were analyzed from 105 abnormal EEGs. In the analysis of variance, six EEG variables were significantly different among syndromes: total spike density (P = 0.001), total polyspike and polyspike–wave density (P = 0.049), generalized spike–wave–only density (P < 0.001), generalized paroxysm density (P < 0.001), generalized paroxysm duration mean (P = 0.018), and generalized paroxysm duration maximum (P = 0.009). The density of epileptiform discharges and the paroxysm durations were the highest in juvenile absence epilepsy followed by juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy, and generalized epilepsy with tonic–clonic seizures only. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that “pure” generalized spike–wave discharges (without intervening polyspikes/polyspike waves) tended to be more frequent in absence epilepsies, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.21).

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that the density and duration of epileptiform discharges can help differentiate among genetic generalized epilepsy syndromes.
The large terminase DNA packaging motor grips DNA with its ATPase domain for cleavage by the flexible nuclease domain
Authors: Hilbert Brendan J. , Hayes Janelle A. , Stone Nicholas P. , Xu Rui-Gang , Kelch Brian A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany viruses use a powerful terminase motor to pump their genome inside an empty procapsid shell during virus maturation. The large terminase (TerL) protein contains both enzymatic activities necessary for packaging in such viruses: the ATPase that powers DNA translocation and an endonuclease that cleaves the concatemeric genome both at initiation and completion of genome packaging. However, how TerL binds DNA during translocation and cleavage is still mysterious. Here we investigate DNA binding and cleavage using TerL from the thermophilic phage P74-26. We report the structure of the P74-26 TerL nuclease domain, which allows us to model DNA binding in the nuclease active site. We screened a large panel of TerL variants for defects in binding and DNA cleavage, revealing that the ATPase domain is the primary site for DNA binding, and is required for nucleolysis. The nuclease domain is dispensable for DNA binding but residues lining the active site guide DNA for cleavage. Kinetic analysis of nucleolysis suggests flexible tethering of the nuclease domains during DNA cleavage. We propose that interactions with the procapsid shell during DNA translocation conformationally restrict the nuclease domain, inhibiting cleavage; TerL release from the procapsid upon completion of packaging unlocks the nuclease domains to cleave DNA.
Hypercomplex properties ofDrosophilaobject detecting neurons
Authors: Keleş Mehmet F. , Frye Mark A. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYMany animals rely on vision to detect objects such as conspecifics, predators, and prey. Hypercomplex cells of the feline cortex and small target motion detectors of the dragonfly and hoverfly optic lobe demonstrate robust tuning for small objects with weak or no response to elongated edges or movement of the visual panorama [1–4]. However, the relationship between anatomical, molecular, and functional properties of object detection circuitry is not understood. Here, we characterize a previously identified lobula columnar neuron (LC11) inDrosophila[5]. By imaging calcium dynamics with two-photon excitation microscopy we show that LC11 responds to the non-directional motion of a small object darker than the background, with little or no responses to static flicker, elongated bars, or panoramic gratings. LC11 dendrites reside at the boundary between GABA-ergic and cholinergic layers of the lobula, each dendrite spans enough columns to sample 75-degrees of visual space, yet the functional receptive field is only 20-degrees wide, and shows robust responses to an object spanning less than one 5-degree facet of the compound eye. The dendrites of neighboring LC11s encode object motion retinotopically, but the axon terminals fuse into a glomerular structure in the central brain where retinotopy is lost. Blocking inhibitory ionic currents abolishes small object sensitivity and facilitates responses to elongated bars and gratings. Our results reveal high acuity small object motion detection in theDrosophilaoptic lobe.
Invariance of initiation mass and predictability of cell size inEscherichia coli
Authors: Si Fangwei , Li Dongyang , Cox Sarah E. , Sauls John T. , Azizi Omid , Sou Cindy , Schwartz Amy B. , Erickstad Michael J. , Jun Yonggun , Li Xintian , Jun Suckjoon 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIt is generally assumed that the allocation and synthesis of total cellular resources in microorganisms are uniquely determined by the growth conditions. Adaptation to a new physiological state leads to a change in cell size via reallocation of cellular resources. However, it has not been understood how cell size is coordinated with biosynthesis and robustly adapts to physiological states. We show that cell size inEscherichia colican be predicted for any steady-state condition by projecting all biosynthesis into three measurable variables representing replication initiation, replication-division cycle, and the global biosynthesis rate. These variables can be decoupled by selectively controlling their respective core biosynthesis using CRISPR interference and antibiotics, verifying our predictions that different physiological states can result in the same cell size. We performed extensive growth inhibition experiments, and discovered that cell size at replication initiation per origin, namely the initiation mass or “unit cell,” is remarkably invariant under perturbations targeting transcription, translation, ribosome content, replication kinetics, fatty acid and cell-wall synthesis, cell division, and cell shape. Based on this invariance and balanced resource allocation, we explain why the total cell size is the sum of all unit cells. These results provide an overarching framework with quantitative predictive power over cell size in bacteria.
Oscillatory integration windows in neurons
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Singh Swikriti Saran , Stopfer Mark 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOscillatory synchrony among neurons occurs in many species and brain areas, and has been proposed to help neural circuits process information. One hypothesis states that oscillatory input creates cyclic integration windows: specific times in each oscillatory cycle when postsynaptic neurons become especially responsive to inputs. With paired local field potential (LFP) and intracellular recordings and controlled stimulus manipulations we directly tested this idea in the locust olfactory system. We found that inputs arriving in Kenyon cells (KCs) sum most effectively in a preferred window of the oscillation cycle. With a computational model, we found that the non-uniform structure of noise in the membrane potential helps mediate this process. Further experiments performedin vivodemonstrated that integration windows can form in the absence of inhibition and at a broad range of oscillation frequencies. Our results reveal how a fundamental coincidence-detection mechanism in a neural circuit functions to decode temporally organized spiking.
SweGen: A whole-genome map of genetic variability in a cross-section of the Swedish population
Authors: Ameur Adam , Dahlberg Johan , Olason Pall , Vezzi Francesco , Karlsson Robert , Lundin Pär , Che Huiwen , Thutkawkorapin Jessada , Kähäri Andreas Kusalananda , Dahlberg Mats , Viklund Johan , Hagberg Jonas , Jareborg Niclas , Jonasson Inger , Johansson Åsa , Lundin Sverker , Nilsson Daniel , Nystedt Björn , Magnusson Patrik , Gyllensten Ulf 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere we describe the SweGen dataset, a high-quality map of genetic variation in the Swedish population. This data represents a basic resource for clinical genetics laboratories as well as for sequencing-based association studies, by providing information on the frequencies of genetic variants in a cohort that is well matched to national patient cohorts. To select samples for this study, we first examined the genetic structure of the Swedish population using high-density SNP-array data from a nation-wide population based cohort of over 10,000 individuals. From this sample collection, 1,000 individuals, reflecting a cross-section of the population and capturing the main genetic structure, were selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS). Analysis pipelines were developed for automated alignment, variant calling and quality control of the sequencing data. This resulted in a whole-genome map of aggregated variant frequencies in the Swedish population that we hereby release to the scientific community.