bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of image-enhanced endoscopic technology using advanced diagnostic endoscopy for the detection of early gastric cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Kodashima Shinya , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Ono Satoshi , Niimi Keiko , Mochizuki Satoshi , Tsuji Yosuke , Asada-Hirayama Itsuko , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Shichijo Satoki , Minatsuki Chihiro , Yamamichi Nobutake , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) plays an important role in early detection and detailed examination of early gastric cancer (EGC). The current study aimed to clarify the efficacy of IEE using advanced diagnostic endoscopy for EGC detection without magnification.
Patients and methods We performed endoscopic examinations without magnification in patients referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tumor detected through routine screening endoscopy. In this study, we used three IEE technologies: narrow-band imaging; blue laser imaging; and i-scan optical enhancement. The detection rates for EGC between IEE and white-light imaging (WLI) were compared.
Results Between July 2013 and June 2014, 156 patients were enrolled. Among upper gastrointestinal tumors, we analyzed endoscopic examination results of 119 lesions that were histologically diagnosed as EGC in 109 patients. The EGC detection rate in the IEE plus WLI groups was 77.3 %. Although the EGC detection rate in the IEE group was higher than that in the WLI group (80.0 % vs. 70.3 %), there was no significant difference between these two modalities. An important detection factor using IEE was tumor circumference, where the rate of detection in the anterior wall and lesser curvature was significantly higher than that in the posterior wall and greater curvature (P = 0.046). An important detection factor using WLI was color variation, where the rate of occurrence of a reddened or pale tumor was significantly higher than that of normal colored tumors (P = 0.030).
Conclusions The detection rate of EGC without magnification was similar between the IEE group and the WLI group. Important detection factors differed between IEE and WLI; therefore, the IEE and WLI modalities have different characteristics regarding EGC detection. Consequently, we propose to use both IEE and WLI in the evaluation of EGC.
Optimum Drop Jump Height in Division III Athletes: Under 75% of Vertical Jump Height
Authors: Peng Hsien-Te , Khuat Cong , Kernozek Thomas , Wallace Brian , Lo Shin-Liang , Song Chen-Yi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOur purpose was to evaluate the vertical ground reaction force, impulse, moments and powers of hip, knee and ankle joints, contact time, and jump height when performing a drop jump from different drop heights based on the percentage of a performer’s maximum vertical jump height (MVJH). Fifteen male Division III athletes participated voluntarily. Eleven synchronized cameras and two force platforms were used to collect data. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance tests were used to examine the differences between drop heights. The maximum hip, knee and ankle power absorption during 125%MVJH and 150%MVJH were greater than those during 75%MVJH. The impulse during landing at 100%MVJH, 125%MVJH and 150%MVJH were greater than 75%MVJH. The vertical ground reaction force during 150%MVJH was greater than 50%MVJH, 75%MVJH and 100%MVJH. Drop height below 75%MVJH had the most merits for increasing joint power output while having a lower impact force, impulse and joint power absorption. Drop height of 150%MVJH may not be desirable as a high-intensity stimulus due to the much greater impact force, increasing the risk of injury, without increasing jump height performance.
Safety and efficacy of coaxial lumen-apposing metal stents in the management of refractory gastrointestinal luminal strictures: a multicenter study
Authors: Bazerbachi Fateh , Heffley Jason , Abu Dayyeh Barham , Nieto Jose , Vargas Eric , Sawas Tarek , Zaghlol Raja , Buttar Navtej , Topazian Mark , Wong Kee Song Louis , Levy Michael , Keilin Steve , Cai Qiang , Willingham Field 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Benign gastrointestinal (GI) strictures are often refractory to standard endoscopic interventions. Fully covered coaxial lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have emerged as a novel therapy for these strictures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LAMS for refractory GI strictures.
Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was performed for patients who underwent LAMS placement for benign luminal strictures in three US centers between January 2014 and December 2016. The primary outcomes were technical success and initial clinical success of LAMS placement. Secondary outcomes were stent migration, rate of re-intervention, and adverse events.
Results A total of 49 patients underwent 56 LAMS placement procedures. Previous treatment had failed in 39 patients (79.6 %), and anastomotic strictures were the indication in 77.6 % (38/49), with the most common site being gastrojejunal (34.7 % [17/49]). Technical success was achieved in all procedures and initial clinical success was achieved in 96.4 % of all procedures (54/56). Patient initial clinical success was 95.9 % (47/49). Stent migration occurred in 17.9 % of procedures, and was more likely to occur at sites in the lower GI tract (P = 0.02). The mean stent dwell time was 100.6 days, and the mean follow-up was 169.8 days. Minor adverse events, not requiring hospitalization, occurred in 33.9 % of procedures, including subsequent stricture progression (10.7 %). In cases where LAMS were removed, mean follow-up time was 102.2 days. The re-intervention rate was 75 % at 300 days follow-up after stent removal. Of the LAMS placed at anastomotic strictures, 36.4 % required re-intervention, with approximately two-thirds of these re-interventions requiring placement of a new stent or surgery.
Conclusion LAMS placement was successful for the management of refractory GI strictures, with good technical and initial clinical success rates. However, re-intervention rates after LAMS removal were high, and many strictures were not resolved by an extended period of stenting with these coaxial stents. LAMS placement offers additional therapeutic options and in selected cases might be considered a destination therapy for patients with recalcitrant benign strictures.
Minimalinvasive Therapie von Tränenwegstenosen
Authors: Avgitidou Georgia , Koch Konrad , Heindl Ludwig 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungEpiphora stellt den häufigsten Grund für eine ophthalmologische Konsultation dar. Ursächlich kann eine Tränenwegstenose sein, die seit mehr als 100 Jahren mittels externer Dakryozystostomie nach Toti behandelt wird. Die neuen vielversprechenden minimalinvasiven Techniken zur Therapie von Tränenwegstenosen nehmen heutzutage einen immer größeren Stellenwert in der Behandlung der Tränenwegstenose ein. Einen Überblick darüber gibt dieser Beitrag.
Thyroid Hormone-Induced Expression of the Hepatic Scaffold Proteins Sestrin2, β-Klotho, and FRS2α in Relation to FGF21-AMPK Signaling
Authors: Videla Luis , Vargas Romina , Riquelme Barbara , Fernández Javier , Fernández Virginia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThyroid hormone (3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, T3) accelerates energy metabolism in the liver through mechanisms involving upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study aims to assess the influence of T3 on the expression of the scaffold proteins β-Klotho, fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2α (FRS2α), and Sestrin2 in relation to FGF21-AMPK signaling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.1 mg T3/kg or hormone vehicle (controls) and studies were done 24 h after treatment. These include measurements of the mRNA expression (qPCR) of hepatic β-Klotho, FGF21, FGF21 receptor-1 (FGFR1), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), FRS2α, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (RSK1), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMPK, and Sestrin2. Also, protein levels of FGF21, FGFR1 (ELISA), and ERK1/2 (Western blot) were measured. T3 elicited a calorigenic response with higher hepatic mRNA expression of β-Klotho, FRS2α, and FGF21, increased serum FGF21, without changes in liver FGFR1 mRNA and its plasma levels. In addition, T3 enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of ERK1/2, RSK1, LKB1, AMPK, and Sestrin2. T3 administration enhances liver FGF21-AMPK signaling involving upregulation of the scaffold proteins β-Klotho, FRS2α, and Sestrin2. β-Klotho and FRS2 induction favours the operation of the FGF21-FGFR1-β-Klotho complex as evidenced by the enhancement in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas that of Sestrin2 recruits LKB1 to achieved AMPK activation, thus supporting a higher energy expenditure condition that may be desirable in some metabolic disorders
Comprehensive Analytics of Actovegin® and Its Effect on Muscle Cells
Authors: Reichl Franz-Xaver , Holdt Lesca , Teupser Daniel , Schütze Gregor , Metcalfe Alan , Hickel Reinhard , Högg Christof , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ingredients of Actovegin® were analyzed and its effects on the muscle cell proliferation were investigated. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in medium. Actovegin® was added in five different concentrations (1, 5, 25, 125, and 250 µg) to the differentiation medium. The formations of proliferation factor Ki67 and myosin heavy chains were measured by immunofluorescence. The first primary antibody was anti-Ki67 and anti-Mf20. Cells were washed and treated with the second fluorochrome. Thirty-one Actovegin® ingredients were found to contain significantly higher concentrations and twenty-nine ingredients were found to contain significantly lower concentrations, compared to the mean ranges as described in the literature for the normal physiological concentrations in human adult serum/plasma. A significant increase in the formation of Ki67 was observed in Actovegin® groups, compared to controls. The mean area of myotubes was significantly increased in Actovegin® groups. A significant decrease in the number of myotubes was observed. An increased myotube size (fusion) was observed. The intensity of Mf20 was significantly increased in Actovegin® groups. It could be demonstrated that Actovegin® contains many physiological substances in significantly higher and some in lower concentrations compared to human adult serum. Furthermore, it could be shown that Actovegin® improves muscle cell proliferation.
Relaxin Inhibits Cardiac Fibrosis in Diabetic Rats: Roles of Protein Kinase Cδ
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Meng , Dong Lei , Chen Hui , Su Wei , Wang Yu-Peng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRelaxin (Rlx) is known to antagonize diabetic cardiac fibrosis. However, its mechanism is poorly understood. Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) plays a crucial role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study explored the involvement of PKCδ in Rlx’s capacity of suppressing cardiac fibrosis in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM of 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats was induced by a high-fat diet and the injection of streptozocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg). Fourteen-week-old rats with DM and rats in control group which were pre-treated for 1 week with human recombinant relaxin (rhRlx, 30 μg/kg.d), were assessed to detect cardiac fibrosis and PKCδ expression with Western blot. Cardiac fibroblasts of neonatal rats were treated for 72 h with rhRlx (100 ng/ml) under high glucose (HG). Western blot was utilized for detecting the membranous and cytoplasmic protein expressions of PKCδ. The effects of rhRlx and PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin) were assessed either alone or in combination on the HG-induced proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and the release of collagen I.Rlx treatment inhibited the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and the expression of collagen I. The expression of PKCδ was regulated by Rlx in diabetic rats and cardiac fibroblasts under HG condition. The effects of Rlx upon the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and the excretion of collagen I under HG were blunted by rottlerin. Rlx suppressed cardiac fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats. This beneficial effect was associated with its ability of modulating the expression of PKCδ.
The Protective Effect of the Ethanol Leaf Extract of Andrographis Paniculata on Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats Through nrf2/KIM-1 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Adeoye Bisi , Asenuga Ebunoluwa , Oyagbemi Ademola , Omobowale Temidayo , Adedapo Adeolu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata was used to ameliorate the renal toxicity induced by cisplatin in 28 rats divided into four groups of seven rats per group. Group A received normal saline for the duration of the experiment. Group B animals were treated with cisplatin (10 mg/kg i.p) on day 1 and 3 days after received normal saline for the next 7 days while groups C and D animals also received 10 mg/kg dose of cisplatin on day 1 but after 3 days were then respectively treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract of Andrographis paniculata for the remaining 7 days through oral administration. Serum chemistry was used for the determination of markers of oxidative stress, anti-oxidant enzymes, serum biomarkers etc. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were also carried out. Results showed that all oxidative stress markers assayed were significantly increased in group B animals but reverse is the case for groups C and D. On the other hand, antioxidant enzymes assayed experienced significant increase for groups C and D while these parameters experienced significant decrease for group B animals. Histopathology showed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells into renal tissues of group B animals whereas for groups C and D animals, only moderate glomerular degeneration was noted. In immunohistochemistry, while there is higher expression of KIM-1 for group B, there was a lower expression in groups C and D. Again, there was lower expression of Nrf2 for group B but higher expressions in groups C and D animals.
OCT-angiografische Veränderungen von der Typ-2-CNV bei exsudativer AMD unter Anti-VEGF-Therapie
Authors: Faatz Henrik , Rothaus Kai , Gunnemann Frederic , Gutfleisch Matthias , Heimes-Bussmann Britta , Lommatzsch Albrecht , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Farecki Marie-Louise 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, Veränderungen von der Typ-2-CNV (klassische CNV) in der OCT-Angiografie (OCT-A) unter Anti-VEGF-Therapie aufzuzeigen und die Abgrenzbarkeit der Läsion vom umgebenden Gewebe in unterschiedlichen Segmentierungen zu untersuchen.
Methode Bei 12 Patienten wurde in der Fluoreszenzangiografie (FAG) und im SD-OCT eine gut abgrenzbare Typ-2-CNV mit assoziierten exsudativen Veränderungen im SD-OCT diagnostiziert. Bei allen Patienten wurde zudem eine OCT-A (Avanti, Optovue) vorgenommen. Diese Befunde wurden initial, nach den ersten 3 Injektionen und bei erneuter Läsionsaktivität bei einer Segmentierung auf dem Niveau der Choroidea, Choriokapillaris (CC), RPE und der äußeren Netzhaut verglichen. Bei allen Aufnahmen wurden die Fläche und der Flow ausgemessen sowie die Abgrenzbarkeit der CNV zum umgebenden Gewebe bewertet.
Ergebnisse Nach den ersten 3 Injektionen anti-VEGF waren eine signifikante Verkleinerung des Gefäßareals und eine Reduktion des Flow in allen 4 analysierten Segmentierungen zu sehen (p < 0,05). Am stärksten signifikant waren diese Veränderungen auf Höhe des RPE (p < 0,005). Bei Auftreten von erneuten Aktivitätszeichen im SD-OCT zeigte sich eine signifikante Vergrößerung des CNV-Areals und des Flow nur auf der Ebene der Choriokapillaris im OCT-A (p < 0,05). Bei Vorhandensein von Aktivitätszeichen in den SD-OCT-Aufnahmen ist die Abgrenzbarkeit der Typ-2-CNV vom umgebenden Gewebe deutlich besser, als wenn keine „Aktivität“ vorliegt. Besonders leicht fällt die Abgrenzung auf den Ebenen der Choriokapillaris und des RPE. Zudem zeigte sich im aktiven Stadium einer Typ-2-CNV ein vermehrtes Vorhandensein von Kapillaren, die sich nach Anti-VEGF-Therapie nicht mehr darstellen lassen.
Schlussfolgerungen Mittels OCT-A sind sowohl Größen- als auch Vaskularisationsveränderungen einer Typ-2-CNV detektierbar. Besonders signifikant waren diese Veränderungen auf Höhe des RPE und der CC. Auf diesen Ebenen war auch die Abgrenzbarkeit der Typ-2-CNV zum umgebenden Gewebe besonders gut. Die Ebenen scheinen sich somit für die Verlaufsbeobachtung unter Anti-VEGF-Therapie besonders zu eignen. Durch die Darstellung von Kapillaren bietet die OCT-A eine weitere Möglichkeit, Aktivitätskriterien zu beurteilen. Die OCT-A-Bildgebung dient als ergänzendes diagnostisches Verfahren zu den etablierten, dem SD-OCT und der FAG.
Cold versus hot endoscopic mucosal resection for nonpedunculated colorectal polyps sized 6–10 mm: a randomized trial
Authors: Papastergiou Vasilios , Paraskeva Konstantina , Fragaki Maria , Dimas Ioannis , Vardas Emmanouil , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Mathou Nicoletta , Giannakopoulos Athanasios , Karmiris Konstantinos , Mpitouli Afroditi , Apessou Dimitra , Giannikaki Linda , Karagiannis John , Chlouverakis Grigorios , Paspatis Gregorios 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Cold snare polypectomy is an established method for the resection of small colorectal polyps; however, significant incomplete resection rates still leave room for improvement. We aimed to assess the efficacy of cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR), compared with hot snare endoscopic mucosal resection (HS-EMR), for nonpedunculated polyps sized 6 – 10 mm.
Patients and methods This study was a dual-center, randomized, noninferiority trial. Consecutive adult patients with at least one nonpedunculated polyp sized 6 – 10 mm were enrolled. Eligible polyps were randomized (1:1) to be treated with either CS-EMR or HS-EMR. Both methods involved submucosal injection of a methylene blue-tinted normal saline solution. The primary noninferiority end point was histological eradication evaluated by postpolypectomy biopsies (noninferiority margin – 10 %). Secondary outcomes included occurrence of intraprocedural bleeding, clinically significant postprocedural bleeding, and perforation.
Results Among 689 patients screened, 155 patients with 164 eligible polyps were included (CS-EMR n = 83, HS-EMR n = 81). The overall rate of histological complete resection was 92.8 % in the CS-EMR group and 96.3 % in the HS-EMR group (difference 3.5 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] – 4.15 to 11.56), showing noninferiority of CS-EMR compared with HS-EMR. CS-EMR was shown to be noninferior both for polyps measuring 6 – 7 mm (CS-EMR 93.3 %; HS-EMR 100 %; 95 %CI – 7.95 to 21.3) and those of 8 – 10 mm (92.5 % vs. 94.7 %, respectively; 95 %CI – 7.91 to 13.16). Rates of intraprocedural bleeding were similar between the two groups (CS-EMR 3.6 %, HS-EMR 1.2 %; P  = 0.30). No clinically significant postprocedural bleeding or perforation occurred in either group.
Conclusions CS-EMR appears to be a valuable modification of the standard cold snare technique, obviating the need to use diathermy for nonpedunculated colorectal polyps sized 6 – 10 mm.
Coupling of pollination services and coffee suitability under climate change
Authors: Imbach Pablo , Fung Emily , Hannah Lee , Navarro-Racines Carlos E. , Roubik David W. , Ricketts Taylor H. , Harvey Celia A. , Donatti Camila I. , Läderach Peter , Locatelli Bruno , Roehrdanz Patrick R. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Coffee production supports the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers around the world, and bees provide coffee farms with pollination. Climate change will modify coffee and bee distributions, and thus coffee production. We modeled impacts for the largest coffee-growing region, Latin America, under global warming scenarios. Although we found reduced coffee suitability and bee species diversity for more than one-third of the future coffee-suitable areas, all future coffee-suitable areas will potentially host at least five bee species, indicating continued pollination services. Bee diversity also can be expected to offset farmers’ losses from reduced coffee suitability. In other areas, bee diversity losses offset increased coffee suitability. Our results highlight the need for responsive management strategies tailored to bee pollination, coffee suitability, and potential coupled effects.
Mechanisms for restraining cAMP-dependent protein kinase revealed by subunit quantitation and cross-linking approaches
Authors: Walker-Gray Ryan , Stengel Florian , Gold Matthew G. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Protein phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) triggers cellular changes, including fight-or-flight responses in heart cells, and synaptic potentiation in neurons. Uncontrolled activity of PKA catalytic subunits is pathological; however, the mechanism for directing PKA in cells is unclear. Using an approach for monitoring cellular PKA subunit interactions, we show that—contrary to recent proposals—catalytic subunits are released from regulatory subunits by cAMP. Instead, we identify mechanisms for rapid recapture of liberated catalytic subunits. Regulatory subunits are expressed much more highly than catalytic subunits to support rapid catalytic subunit reassociation. Furthermore, analysis of global PKA architecture reveals that type II regulatory subunit anchoring is compatible with catalytic subunit release and recapture within the cell membrane.
Exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals influences cognitive development across species
Authors: Davis Elysia Poggi , Stout Stephanie A. , Molet Jenny , Vegetabile Brian , Glynn Laura M. , Sandman Curt A. , Heins Kevin , Stern Hal , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The receipt of high-quality maternal care is an established promoter of optimal neurodevelopment, but the processes by which maternal care influences development remain unclear. Using a cross-species approach, we probe the possibility that predictability of sensory signals from the mother is a process by which maternal behavior influences cognitive circuits within the developing brain. This is in accord with established roles of patterns of sensory information in the organization of visual and auditory systems of the brain during sensitive periods. Our data support the argument that the degree of predictability of maternal sensory signals affects subsequent cognitive function in both rats and humans and suggest that these signals contribute to the shaping of the underlying neural circuits, including the hippocampus.
Intestinal type 1 regulatory T cells migrate to periphery to suppress diabetogenic T cells and prevent diabetes development
Authors: Yu Hua , Gagliani Nicola , Ishigame Harumichi , Huber Samuel , Zhu Shu , Esplugues Enric , Herold Kevan C. , Wen Li , Flavell Richard A. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Past and current treatments for type 1 diabetes (T1D) have all suffered from adverse effects due to severe immune suppression or a lack of efficacy. A better understanding of the mechanisms and limitations of these therapies may help to maximize patient responses to treatment or elicit new ideas for a cure. Here, we discover a role for intestinal type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in preventing autoimmune diabetes and provide mechanistic insight to explain the better efficacy of combination therapy in disease treatment. Our results also highlight the influence of dysbiotic gut microbiota on promotion of intestinal Tr1 cells and suggest that strategies targeting mucosal tissue to induce Tr1 in vivo might be used as a therapeutic approach for T1D.