bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search for Extended Sources in the Galactic Plane Using Six Years of Fermi-Large Area Telescope Pass 8 Data above 10 GeV
Authors: Ackermann M. , Ajello M. , Baldini L. , Ballet J. , Barbiellini G. , Bastieri D. , Bellazzini R. , Bissaldi E. , Bloom E. D. , Bonino R. , Bottacini E. , Brandt T. J. , Bregeon J. , Bruel P. , Buehler R. , Cameron R. A. , Caragiulo M. , Caraveo P. A. , Castro D. , Cavazzuti E. , Cecchi C. , Charles E. , Chekhtman A. , Cheung C. C. , Chiaro G. , Ciprini S. , Cohen J. M. , Costantin D. , Costanza F. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , de Palma F. , Desiante R. , Digel S. W. , Lalla N. Di , Mauro M. Di , Venere L. Di , Favuzzi C. , Fegan S. J. , Ferrara E. C. , Franckowiak A. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Green D. , Grenier I. A. , Grondin M.-H. , Guillemot L. , Guiriec S. , Harding A. K. , Hays E. , Hewitt J. W. , Horan D. , Hou X. , Jóhannesson G. , Kamae T. , Kuss M. , La Mura G. , Larsson S. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Li J. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lubrano P. , Magill J. D. , Maldera S. , Malyshev D. , Manfreda A. , Mazziotta M. N. , Michelson P. F. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Negro M. , Nuss E. , Ohsugi T. , Omodei N. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. F. , Paliya V. S. , Paneque D. , Perkins J. S. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Petrosian V. , Piron F. , Porter T. A. , Principe G. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Razzano M. , Razzaque S. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Reposeur T. , Sgrò C. , Simone D. , Siskind E. J. , Spada F. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Suson D. J. , Tak D. , Thayer J. B. , Thompson D. J. , Torres D. F. , Tosti G. , Troja E. , Vianello G. , Wood K. S. , Wood M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The spatial extension of a γ-ray source is an essential ingredient to determine its spectral properties, as well as its potential multiwavelength counterpart. The capability to spatially resolve γ-ray sources is greatly improved by the newly delivered Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 event-level analysis, which provides a greater acceptance and an improved point-spread function, two crucial factors for the detection of extended sources. Here, we present a complete search for extended sources located within 7° from the Galactic plane, using 6 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 10 GeV. We find 46 extended sources and provide their morphological and spectral characteristics. This constitutes the first catalog of hard Fermi-LAT extended sources, named the Fermi Galactic Extended Source Catalog, which allows a thorough study of the properties of the Galactic plane in the sub-TeV domain.
Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A. III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks, and the CO to Warm H2 Interface
Authors: Espada D. , Matsushita S. , Miura R. E. , Israel F. P. , Neumayer N. , Martin S. , Henkel C. , Izumi T. , Iono D. , Aalto S. , Ott J. , Peck A. B. , Quillen A. C. , Kohno K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND; 400 pc × 200 pc) of Centaurus A with resolutions of ∼5 pc (0.″3) and shed light onto the mechanism feeding the active galactic nucleus (AGN) using CO(3–2), HCO+(4–3), HCN(4–3), and CO(6–5) observations obtained with ALMA. Multiple filaments or streamers of tens to a hundred parsec scale exist within the CND, which form a ring-like structure with an unprojected diameter of 9″ × 6″ (162 pc × 108 pc) and a position angle P.A. ≃ 155°. Inside the nuclear ring, there are two leading and straight filamentary structures with lengths of about 30–60 pc at P.A. ≃ 120° on opposite sides of the AGN, with a rotational symmetry of 180° and steeper position–velocity diagrams, which are interpreted as nuclear shocks due to non-circular motions. Along the filaments, and unlike other nearby AGNs, several dense molecular clumps present low HCN/HCO+(4–3) ratios (≲0.5). The filaments abruptly end in the probed transitions at r ≃ 20 pc from the AGN, but previous near-IR H2(J = 1–0)S(1) maps show that they continue in an even warmer gas phase (T ∼ 1000 K), winding up in the form of nuclear spirals, and forming an inner ring structure with another set of symmetric filaments along the N–S direction and within r ≃ 10 pc. The molecular gas is governed primarily by non-circular motions, being the successive shock fronts at different scales where loss of angular momentum occurs, a mechanism that may feed efficiently powerful radio galaxies down to parsec scales.
The impact of personal interactions on the stress of school administrators: The validation and application of an assessment tool
Authors: López Meneses Eloy , Leiva Olivencia Juan J. , Vázquez-Cano Esteban 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To analyze personal interactions as one of the possible factors that can generate greater stress in school administrators. For this purpose, we present the design, validation and application of a survey that intends to measure the type of managerial functions that are associated with higher rates of personal interaction and their possible measurement as stressors of those performing administrative functions.Design/methodology/approach: To develop, validate and apply an assessment tool to measure the stress of school administrators. To this end, a mixed analysis methodology has been adopted, involving the selection of a group of experts, the calculation of an “expert proficiency coefficient” (Cabero & Barroso, 2013) and the subsequent validation of the survey using the modified Delphi method in two phases, with a sample of 30 school administrators and educational supervisors. The survey has also been subjected to a process to determine the trustworthiness and validity of the construct through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.Findings: The result is a 5-dimension, 31-item survey with a total score of 155 points and three measurements: low stress (1-50 points), medium stress (51-100 points) and high stress (101-155 points). The areas that generate the greatest amount of stress can be summarized in two categories: reprimanding teachers for non-performance of their duties and discipline management at the center (expulsions, bullying, fighting and drugs).Research limitations/implications: The survey was designed according to the socio-educational characteristics of the Spanish context. Further research in other educational contexts would require an adaptation of different items on the scale.Practical implications: Measuring the school administrator’s stress makes it possible to identify those functions that are more susceptible to intervention, both formative and administrative. This improves one of the key areas of school organization.Social implications: The improvement of the school institution and its governance starts with identifying those aspects that require educational interventions, but also social ones that imply a reflection on how schools in the 21st century are managed and organized.Originality/value: There are no Spanish studies that propose assessment tools to measure the stress of school administrators; in this sense, this study provides a framework for the Spanish context.
Prdm1 Regulates Thymic Epithelial Function To Prevent Autoimmunity
Authors: Roberts Natalie A. , Adams Brian D. , McCarthy Nicholas I. , Tooze Reuben M. , Parnell Sonia M. , Anderson Graham , Kaech Susan M. , Horsley Valerie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Autoimmunity is largely prevented by medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs) through their expression and presentation of tissue-specific Ags to developing thymocytes, resulting in deletion of self-reactive T cells and supporting regulatory T cell development. The transcription factor Prdm1 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases in humans through genome-wide association studies and in mice using cell type–specific deletion of Prdm1 in T and dendritic cells. In this article, we demonstrate that Prdm1 functions in TECs to prevent autoimmunity in mice. Prdm1 is expressed by a subset of mouse TECs, and conditional deletion of Prdm1 in either Keratin 14– or Foxn1-expressing cells in mice resulted in multisymptom autoimmune pathology. Notably, the development of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells occurs normally in the absence of Blimp1. Importantly, nude mice developed anti-nuclear Abs when transplanted with Prdm1 null TECs, but not wild-type TECs, indicating that Prdm1 functions in TECs to regulate autoantibody production. We show that Prdm1 acts independently of Aire, a crucial transcription factor implicated in medullary TEC function. Collectively, our data highlight a previously unrecognized role for Prdm1 in regulating thymic epithelial function.
The Innate Cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP Cooperate in the Induction of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Expansion and Mucous Metaplasia in Rhinovirus-Infected Immature Mice
Authors: Han Mingyuan , Rajput Charu , Hong Jun Y. , Lei Jing , Hinde Joanna L. , Wu Qian , Bentley J. Kelley , Hershenson Marc B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Early-life respiratory viral infection is a risk factor for asthma development. Rhinovirus (RV) infection of 6-d-old mice, but not mature mice, causes mucous metaplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness that are associated with the expansion of lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and are dependent on IL-13 and the innate cytokine IL-25. However, contributions of the other innate cytokines, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), to the observed asthma-like phenotype have not been examined. We reasoned that IL-33 and TSLP expression are also induced by RV infection in immature mice and are required for maximum ILC2 expansion and mucous metaplasia. We inoculated 6-d-old BALB/c (wild-type) and TSLP receptor–knockout mice with sham HeLa cell lysate or RV. Selected mice were treated with neutralizing Abs to IL-33 or recombinant IL-33, IL-25, or TSLP. ILC2s were isolated from RV-infected immature mice and treated with innate cytokines ex vivo. RV infection of 6-d-old mice increased IL-33 and TSLP protein abundance. TSLP expression was localized to the airway epithelium, whereas IL-33 was expressed in epithelial and subepithelial cells. RV-induced mucous metaplasia, ILC2 expansion, airway hyperresponsiveness, and epithelial cell IL-25 expression were attenuated by anti–IL-33 treatment and in TSLP receptor–knockout mice. Administration of intranasal IL-33 and TSLP was sufficient for mucous metaplasia. Finally, TSLP was required for maximal ILC2 gene expression in response to IL-25 and IL-33. The generation of mucous metaplasia in immature RV-infected mice involves a complex interplay among the innate cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP.
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Detriments in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Powden Cameron J. , Hoch Johanna M. , Hoch Matthew C. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of conservative rehabilitation programs for improving health-related quality of life (HRQL) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Data Sources:
PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2016.

Study Selection:
Studies were included if the researchers examined the effects of a conservative rehabilitation protocol in individuals with CAI, used validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to quantify participant-perceived HRQL, and provided adequate data to calculate the effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Studies were excluded if the authors evaluated surgical interventions, prophylactic taping, or bracing applications or examined only the immediate effects of 1 treatment session.

Data Extraction:
Two investigators independently assessed methodologic quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Studies were considered low quality if fewer than 60% of the criteria were met. Level of evidence was assessed using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. Preintervention and postintervention sample sizes, means, and standard deviations of PROs were extracted.

Data Synthesis:
A total of 15 studies provided 24 participant groups that were included in the analysis. Seven high-quality studies with a median PEDro score of 50% (range = 10%−80%) and a median level of evidence of 2 (range = 1−2) were identified. The magnitudes of preintervention to postintervention PRO differences were examined using bias-corrected Hedges g ESs. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize PRO changes across all participant groups. Positive ES values indicated better PRO scores at postintervention than at preintervention. The α level was set at .05. Meta-analysis revealed a strong ES with a nonoverlapping 95% CI (ES = 1.20, CI = 0.80, 1.60; P &lt; .001), indicating HRQL improved after conservative rehabilitation.

Conclusions:
Based on the quality of the evidence and the results of the meta-analysis, grade A evidence showed that conservative rehabilitation produces large improvements in HRQL for people with CAI.
Development of a quantitative method for ultrasonographic assessment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in horses
Authors: Vavasseur Lucille , Lechartier Antoine , Robert Céline , Mespoulhès-Rivière Céline 
Published: July 2017

Mise au point d’une méthode quantitative d’évaluation échographique de l’hémiplégie laryngée chez le cheval.
Plus accessible sur le terrain, moins invasive et mieux corrélée à l’endoscopie à l’effort que l’endoscopie au repos, il ne manque à l’exploration échographique du larynx par voie externe que des critères échographiques de suspicion objectifs pour en faire un outil clé du dépistage de l’hémiplégie laryngée chez le cheval. L’objectif de cette étude est de définir un paramètre échographique combinant une bonne concordance inter-échographistes et une bonne aptitude à discriminer les chevaux sains des chevaux présentant un défaut d’abduction du cartilage aryténoïde gauche à l’effort. La moyenne, sur trois images acquises en vue transversale, du ratio entre l’échogénicité moyenne d’un disque de 1130 pixels placé dans le muscle crico-aryténoïdien latéral et celle d’un disque de 1130 pixels placé dans le muscle vocal est le paramètre garantissant la meilleure concordance inter-échographistes. Ce paramètre présente par ailleurs une très bonne corrélation avec l’examen endoscopique à l’effort, considéré comme le Gold Standard.
The effect of hydroxyl functional groups and molar mass on the viscosity of non-crystalline organic and organic–water particles
Authors: Grayson James W. , Evoy Erin , Song Mijung , Chu Yangxi , Maclean Adrian , Nguyen Allena , Upshur Mary Alice , Ebrahimi Marzieh , Chan Chak K. , Geiger Franz M. , Thomson Regan J. , Bertram Allan K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The viscosities of three polyols and three saccharides, all in the non-crystalline state, have been studied. Two of the polyols (2-methyl-1,4-butanediol and 1,2,3-butanetriol) were studied under dry conditions, the third (1,2,3,4-butanetetrol) was studied as a function of relative humidity (RH), including under dry conditions, and the saccharides (glucose, raffinose, and maltohexaose) were studied as a function of RH. The mean viscosities of the polyols under dry conditions range from 1.5  ×  10−1 to 3.7  ×  101 Pa s, with the highest viscosity being that of the tetrol. Using a combination of data determined experimentally here and literature data for alkanes, alcohols, and polyols with a C3 to C6 carbon backbone, we show (1) there is a near-linear relationship between log10 (viscosity) and the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, (2) that on average the addition of one OH group increases the viscosity by a factor of approximately 22 to 45, (3) the sensitivity of viscosity to the addition of one OH group is not a strong function of the number of OH functional groups already present in the molecule up to three OH groups, and (4) higher sensitivities are observed when the molecule has more than three OH groups. Viscosities reported here for 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol particles are lower than previously reported measurements using aerosol optical tweezers, and additional studies are required to resolve these discrepancies. For saccharide particles at 30 % RH, viscosity increases by approximately 2–5 orders of magnitude as molar mass increases from 180 to 342 g mol−1, and at 80 % RH, viscosity increases by approximately 4–5 orders of magnitude as molar mass increases from 180 to 991 g mol−1. These results suggest oligomerization of highly oxidized compounds in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) could lead to large increases in viscosity, and may be at least partially responsible for the high viscosities observed in some SOA. Finally, two quantitative structure–property relationship models (Sastri and Rao, 1992; Marrero-Morejón and Pardillo-Fontdevila, 2000) were used to predict the viscosity of alkanes, alcohols, and polyols with a C3–C6 carbon backbone. Both models show reasonably good agreement with measured viscosities for the alkanes, alcohols, and polyols studied here except for the case of a hexol, the viscosity of which is underpredicted by 1–3 orders of magnitude by each of the models.
TARANIS XGRE and IDEE detection capability of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and associated electron beams
Authors: Sarria David , Lebrun Francois , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Chipaux Remi , Laurent Philippe , Sauvaud Jean-Andre , Prech Lubomir , Devoto Pierre , Pailot Damien , Baronick Jean-Pierre , Lindsey-Clark Miles 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. With a launch expected in 2018, the TARANIS microsatellite is dedicated to the study of transient phenomena observed in association with thunderstorms. On board the spacecraft, XGRE and IDEE are two instruments dedicated to studying terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) and associated terrestrial electron beams (TEBs). XGRE can detect electrons (energy range: 1 to 10 MeV) and X- and gamma-rays (energy range: 20 keV to 10 MeV) with a very high counting capability (about 10 million counts per second) and the ability to discriminate one type of particle from another. The IDEE instrument is focused on electrons in the 80 keV to 4 MeV energy range, with the ability to estimate their pitch angles. Monte Carlo simulations of the TARANIS instruments, using a preliminary model of the spacecraft, allow sensitive area estimates for both instruments. This leads to an averaged effective area of 425 cm2 for XGRE, used to detect X- and gamma-rays from TGFs, and the combination of XGRE and IDEE gives an average effective area of 255 cm2 which can be used to detect electrons/positrons from TEBs. We then compare these performances to RHESSI, AGILE and Fermi GBM, using data extracted from literature for the TGF case and with the help of Monte Carlo simulations of their mass models for the TEB case. Combining this data with the help of the MC-PEPTITA Monte Carlo simulations of TGF propagation in the atmosphere, we build a self-consistent model of the TGF and TEB detection rates of RHESSI, AGILE and Fermi. It can then be used to estimate that TARANIS should detect about 200 TGFs yr−1 and 25 TEBs yr−1.
Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends, Rivals or Foes in Geopolitical Flux
Authors: Mabon Simon 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In recent years, the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran has become increasingly important in shaping the nature of Middle Eastern security. The execution of the Shiʿi cleric Nimr al-Nimr resulted in the storming of the Saudi embassy and the severing of diplomatic relations between the two states. Nimr's execution was the latest in a long line of incidents that increased tensions between the two, dating back to the time of the Shah. A growing literature exists that seeks to understand the nature of this rivalry, with a particular focus on its sectarian and geopolitical dimensions. This article reviews a number of recent works on this rivalry, which approach the discussion from a range of different backgrounds. Such approaches all seek to challenge the conventional narrative that the rivalry can be boiled down to sectarian differences.
Reading Pudd'nhead Wilson: Criticism and Commentary from the Gilded Age to the Modern, Online Era
Authors: Goldstein Philip 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Although Mark Twain's Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson and his Extraordinary Twins began as a single work, Twain separated them, in a decision that has a bearing on the reception of the better-known Pudd'nhead Wilson. After briefly summarizing the differences between Twins and Pudd'nhead Wilson, this article discusses the reception history of the latter book, including the reviews, which gave the novel a mixed reception until the 1950s, when it achieved the status of a classic comparable to Huckleberry Finn: the diverse and contrary analyses of the academic criticism and the highly divided feelings of recent online responses. This article will show, moreover, that changing cultural institutions explain the differences and divisions of the reviews, which are public and general, the academic criticism, which is specialized and autonomous, and the online responses, which derive from the novel's educational contexts.
Global Classroom - videokonference i undervisning
Authors: Nielsen Flemming 
Published: July 2017

Efter fem år med videokonference gør VUC Storstrøm status for udvikling og implementering. Visionen peger i retning af yderligere digitalisering og satsning på kvalitetsudviklin og fleksibilitet via investeringer i teknologi og kompetenceudvikling. I 2011 kon en ny avanceret teknologisk platform til, som giver studerende mulighed for at vælge frit mellem fysisk tilstedeværelse og tilstedeværelse via individuel videokonference hjemmefra eller en andet ekstern lokation. I artiklen redegøres for baggrund og formål, forudsætninger for indførelse af fleksibel videokonference, samt for udbyttet for de studerende og underviserne. Artiklen er baseret på interne evalueringer, en artikel fra forskere på Aalborg Universitet, indtryk fra 2 specialer fra hhv. Århus Universitet og IT-U / Aalborg Universitet, samt forfatterens egne i agttagelser som projektleder i organisationen.English abstractAfter five years of using videoconferencing in teaching the Adult Education Centre Storstroem (VUC Storstroem) looks back on the development and implementation of the new ICT based learning platform. The vision suggests further digitization and focus on quality and flexibility through investment in technology and skills. Since 2011 VUC Storstroem has used a didactic organization called Global Classroom which gives students the opportunity to choose freely between physical presence and presence through individual video conference from home or another remote site. This article explains the background and purpose and the preconditions for the introduction of flexible video conferencing in classroom teaching, as well as the benefits for the students and teachers. The article is based on internal evaluations, two articles from researchers at Aalborg University, impressions from a thesis from the IT-U / Aalborg University, and author's own observations as a project manager in the organization.
Les intuitions rationnelles sont-elles des intuitions modales ?
Authors: Saint-Germier Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Nous discutons la thèse, acceptée par de nombreux théoriciens des intuitions rationnelles, selon laquelle ces dernières s’accompagnent d’une apparence de nécessité. L’existence d’intuitions rationnelles ayant pour objet des propositions contingentes jette un doute sur l’adéquation de cette thèse. Le problème peut trouver une solution dans le cadre d’une théorie faillibiliste des intuitions rationnelles, pourvu que l’on admette des illusions modales inéliminables. En nous appuyant sur une explication bidimensionnelle de l’a priori contingent, nous défendons une solution différente consistant à reconsidérer le contenu des apparences associées aux intuitions rationnelles : ce que l’on pourrait prendre pour des apparences de nécessité n’est autre qu’une manifestation de leur caractère a priori.