bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is N,N-dimethylglycine N-oxide a choline and betaine metabolite?
Authors: Lever Michael , McEntyre Christopher J. , George Peter M. , Chambers Stephen T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCholine metabolism is by oxidation to betaine, which is demethylated toN,N-dimethylglycine; dimethylglycine is oxidatively demethylated to sarcosine. This pathway is important for osmoregulation and as a source of methyl groups. We asked whether another metabolite was involved. We synthesized theN-oxide of dimethylglycine (DMGO) by oxidizing dimethylglycine with peracetic acid, and measured DMGO in human plasma and urine by HPLC-MS/MS with positive ion detection, using two chromatography procedures, based on ion exchange and HILIC separations. The molecular ion DMGOH+(m/z=120) yielded four significant fragments (m/z=103, 102, 58 and 42). The suspected DMGO peak in human body fluids showed all these fragments, and co-chromatographed with added standard DMGO in both HPLC systems. Typical plasma concentrations of DMGO are under 1 μmol/l. They may be lower in metabolic syndrome patients. Urine concentrations are higher, and DMGO has a higher fractional clearance than dimethylglycine, betaine and choline. It was present in all of over 80 human urine and plasma samples assayed. Plasma DMGO concentrations correlate with plasma DMG concentrations, with betaine and choline concentrations, with the osmolytemyo-inositol, and strongly with urinary DMGO excretion. We conclude that DMGO is probably a normal human metabolite.
Characteristics of Ring-to-Cylinder Type Electrode System on Pulsed Discharge in Water
Authors: Sugiarto Anto Tri , Sato Masayuki , Ohshima Takayuki , Skalny Jan D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe pulsed streamer corona discharge in water has been investigated for oxidation of organic contaminants in water solution. The reactor with ring-to-cylinder electrode system has been designed and tested in this investigation. It was found that the insulation method of the ring electrode was the most important factor to lower streamer initiation voltage. A large volume of streamer corona discharge was generated around the ring electrode and the streamer corona discharge formations are greatly dependent on the electrode geometry, polarity and the water conductivity. The degradation of phenol was also tested by this electrode system. It was found that the degradation rate of phenol was higher for the positive pulse than that of negative pulse, and the intermediate products were removed when the treatment time increased.
A Comparison of the Activity of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for the Oxidation of Ethanol in Air
Authors: López José Ernesto Ortiz , Jacoby William A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe complete photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol vapor in air was examined using a variety of commercially available and experimental photocatalysts. The experiments were conducted in a recirculating batch reactor equipped with a porous frit for support of the powdered photocatalysts. The maximum carbon dioxide production rate was measured as a function catalyst loading. One commercial sample marginally exceeded the performance of the “gold-standard” photocatalyst, Degussa P-25. Overall, significant improvements in photocatalytic activity relative to Degussa P-25 were not observed among the catalysts considered.
The Effects of Using Various Types of Pulsed Discharge Reactors for Phenol Removal in Waste Water
Authors: Kunitomo Shinta , Ohbo Tadashi , Sun Bing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this investigation, the pulsed discharge characteristics in water and the phenol-degradation properties of three different types of reactors, which had rod-rod, rod-plate and wire-cylinder format, were studied. Among the three types of reactors, it was found that the phenol removal efficiency was highest for the wirecylinder reactor configuration. In addition, the influence of pulse energy for removal efficiency was investigated. The removal efficiency at 180 kV-72 J discharged is higher than at 180 kV-960 J discharged. Furthermore, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on phenol removal efficiency was also studied under conditions of 120 kV-72 J, and it was found that the phenol degradation rate was higher when hydrogen peroxide was used.
Photocatalysed Degradation of a Herbicide Derivative, Diphenamid in Aqueous Suspension of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Rahman M. Atiqur , Muneer M. , Hahnemann D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe photocatalysed degradation of a herbicide derivative, N,N-Dimethyl-α-phenyl benzene-acetamide (Diphenamid, 1) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO
Selected Design Criteria for Ozone Production
Authors: Polio Iwo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOzone properties that cause a growing interest in its applications have been presented. A short analysis of ozone synthesis in electrical barrier discharges gives some suggestions concerning designs of ozonizers and power supply systems. The presented macrokinetic models make possible to calculate ozone concentration as well as ozone yield and productivity of an ozonizer. All the used formulas contain experimental constants depending on parameters that have not been taken a into account in any previously elaborated theory on ozone synthesis or operation of ozonizers. However, research into ozone synthesis and production continuously develops because of the growing demand for that oxidizer.
Microwave Torch Plasmas for Decomposition of Gaseous Pollutants
Authors: Jasiński Mariusz , Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Zakrzewski Zenon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResults of the study of decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs including Freons) in their mixtures with either synthetic air or nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides NOx in their mixtures with N2 or Ar in low (~ 100 W) and moderate-power (200-400 W) microwave torch plasmas at atmospheric pressure are presented. Three types of microwave torch discharge (MTD) generators, i.e. the low-power coaxial-line-based MID, the moderate-power waveguide-based coaxial-line MTD and the moderate-power waveguide-based MTD generators were used. The gas flow rate and microwave power (2.45 GHz) delivered to the discharge were in the range of 1÷3 l/min and 100÷ 400 W, respectively. Concentrations of the processed gaseous pollutants usually were from several up to several tens percent. The energy efficiency of decomposition of several gaseous pollutants reached 1000 g/kWh. It was found that the microwave torch plasmas fully decomposed the pollutants at relatively low energy cost. This suggests that the MTD plasma can be a useful tool for decomposition of highly-concentrated gaseous pollutants.
Pulsed Electric Fields in Liquid Foods Processing Plasma Destruction of Toxic Chloroorganic Wastes Towards Zero Residues
Authors: Mazurek Bolestaw , Laskowski Slawomir , Staroniewicz Zdzislaw 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe pulses of strong electric fields can be successfully used for sterilization of liquid fluids and water conditioning. Direct influence of an electric field can deactivate bacteria cells by means of electroporation. The process of wire explosion in water evoked by steep current pulses can be applied for the obtaining of metallic nano-colloids. A nano-colloid of silver shows a strong bactericidal property. Electrons from corona discharge plasma injected into water can be used for deactivation of hydrocarbon impurities in water.
Experimental Investigation on Activating Water Vapor and Ammonia by DC Corona Discharge Radical Shower Technology for Removal of SO2 from Flue Gases
Authors: Jie Li , Ming Sun , Yan Wu , Ke-feng Shang , Ning-hui Wang , Guo-feng Li 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn a reactor with nozzle-plate electrode structure, we used a DC high-voltage generator to produce corona electric field between nozzles and plate electrode. When water vapor and ammonia were injected from nozzles, they were activated to produce hydroxyl and ammonia radicals to oxidize SO
Photocatalysed Degradation of a Herbicide Derivative, Maleic Hydrazide in Aqueous Suspensions of TiO2
Authors: Singh Hemant K. , Muneer Mohammad , Bahnemann Detlef W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of a herbicide derivative maleic hydrazide [1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione, 1], has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO
Decomposition of Gas-Phase Benzene Using Plasma – Driven Catalyst Reactor: Complete Oxidation of Adsorbed Benzene Using Oxygen Plasma
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ha , Oh Seung-Min , Ogata Atsushi , Futamura Shigeru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, we report the decomposition of gas-phase benzene using plasma-driven catalyst (PDC) system of a single-stage configuration. The decomposition of benzene was affected by the reactor diameter of the surface discharge type PDC reactor. The smaller the reactor diameter, the higher the decomposition efficiency. Long-term test over 150 h demonstrated the stable operation of the PDC reactor without any deterioration of catalytic activity. The PDC reactor with Ag/TiO
TiO2/C Photocatalyst Prepared by Ethanol Vapour Treatment of TiO(OH)2
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Inagaki Michio , Tryba Beata , Toyoda Masahiro , Morawski Antoni W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe new photocatalysts were prepared from the commercial metatitanic acid (TiO(OH)
Hybrid Plasma-Catalyst System for the Removal of Trichloroethylene in Air
Authors: Morent R. , Dewulf J. , Steenhaut N. , Leys C. , Van Langenhove H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon-thermal plasmas are innovative and promising tools with respect to end-of-pipe treatment of waste gases. Among other features, they allow decomposition of low concentrations of volatile organic compounds in air streams at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, a plasma-catalytic hybrid system for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) in dry air is discussed. A pin-to-mesh electrode concept is used to obtain a positive corona discharge. A packed bed of TiO
Photocatalytic Degradation of four Textile Azo Dyes in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Practical Outcomes and Revisited Pathways
Authors: Zayani Ghanem , Bousselmi Latifa , Pichat Pierre , Mhenni Farouk , Ghrabi Ahmed 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe non-biodegradability of textile wastewaters is mainly due to the presence of synthetic dyes. We have studied the photocatalytic degradation of four commercial (i.e. containing additives) azo dyes (viz. Yellow Cibacron FN-2R, Red Cibacron FN-R, Navy Erionyl R 180%, Everdirect Black VSF) in aqueous suspensions of TiO
Hexavalent Chromium Remediation by Bore-Hole Placed Reduction Barriers and Monitored Natural Attenuation
Authors: Rouse Jim V. , Thomasser Richard M. , Terentieff Cathleen A. , Hall Lisa A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPreviously, the authors have developed the concept of in-situ reduction of hexavalent chromium in contaminated groundwater, using various forms of active reagent delivery, based on site geohydrological conditions. While these approaches are highly successful and cost effective, in some cases, such active approaches may not be appropriate. Rather, it may be appropriate to limit the spread of chromium contamination by formation of permeable reactive barriers or reactive zones through the borehole placement of aqueous reductants. A passive approach, utilizing bore-hole placed reactive barriers and Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), offers real advantages for groundwater remediation, especially in situations involving groundwater in fractured or cavernous bedrock, where the water table is at great depth, or where on-going activities in the source area limit access for more active approaches. A geochemical reactive barrier was used at a South Australian timber preservation facility sited over a cavernous limestone. After remedial activities within the plume achieved significant reduction of the mobile chromium mass, the applicable regulatory agency authorized MNA for control of residual contamination. A phased approach has been utilized at a Central Valley, California timber preservation site, to develop data on the radial spread of reductant injection through diffusion, and the longevity of the effect of such injection, and a full-scale remedial approach designed, recognizing limitations on injection imposed by limited access. The paper discusses the requirements to demonstrate the effectiveness of MNA. Case histories of successful application of the integrated approach of passive reduction and MNA are presented, as a cost-effective and environmentally-protective means of accomplishing remediation of hexavalent chromium in groundwater.
Arc Plasma Reactor Power System with 5-Limb Transformer
Authors: Komarzyniec Grzegorz , Diatczyk Jarosław , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe arc plasma reactors are especially suitable for treatment of big volumes of exhaust gases emitted to the atmosphere during various technological processes. They can operate at three-phase power system and can be connected in series or in parallel to the gas flow. Their proper operation require power supply systems that should ionize the inter-electrode zone and maintain the cyclic and non-equilibrium operation of the arc discharge after ignition while presenting stable and reliable operation. Transformers of special construction are the basic elements of all of arc discharge plasma reactors power systems. Paper presents results of investigation of 5-limb transformer as a power supply for the arc plasma reactor. The possibility to take advantage of the voltage induced in the yokes of this kind of transformer for ignition of the discharge is also discussed.
Investigation of Hot Gas Mixture Free Jet
Authors: Gregor J. , Jakubová I. , Mendl T. , Šenk J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe analysis of individual species of a hot gas mixture in a free jet distribution, is based on the vector form of the continuity equation, including the diffusion member, and on the momentum equation. The measured distributions of temperature and axial velocity in cross-sections of the free jet, together with thermodynamic and transport properties of working gas are used in a designed process of calculation. By means of approximation of temperature and velocity radial profiles by Gaussian functions, the two-dimensional problem is transformed into the one-dimensional task. The designed method is applied on the cold region of the jet generated by a hybrid water stabilised plasma torch with argon gas added into the chamber. In this cold region (T<2500 K), rather precise measurement of temperature and velocity can be carried out using rather simple methods (thermocouples, cooled Pitot tube). By the derived mathematical-physical model, the distribution of mass fractions of individual species of the working gas mixture is computed, and the influence of velocity component and turbulence on this distribution is studied. During the calculation, axial dependencies of crosssection, axial velocity, and the turbulence coefficient in the free jet are obtained.
Influence of Silicon, Oxygen and Nitrogen Admixtures Upon the Properties of Plasma Deposited Amorphous Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings
Authors: Buršíková Vilma , Zajíčková Lenka , Dvořák Pavel , Valtr Miroslav , Buršík Jiří , Bláhová Olga , Peřina Vratislav , Janča Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAmorphous diamond-like carbon films (DLC) with various silicon, oxygen and nitrogen content were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The films were prepared from the mixture of methane and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in r.f. capacitively coupled discharges (13.56 MHz). The reactive plasma was investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and capacitive coupled planar probe. A combination of RBS, ERDA, FTIR and XPS methods was used to study the films’ chemical composition and structure. The mechanical properties were studied using a depth sensing indentation technique. The films were mainly composed of C-C, C-H and C-Si bonds. The optimum deposition conditions for the preparation of DLC films, with enhanced thermo-mechanical stability, were determined.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Formaldehyde Using Titania Coated Lime Tile
Authors: Liu Chaoxiang , Nakano Katsuyuki , Obuchi Eiko , Oike Tetsuro , Yukihira Nobuyoshi , Hurum Deanna C. , Gray Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA traditional and popular Japanese house decorating lime tile, commercially available “Limix”, was used to photodecompose the formaldehyde after coating the tile with a titania sol, which solves the problem of sick-building syndrome. A total of five kinds of lime tile samples with titania sol coating and without coating were examined by using a flow-type photoreactor based on the JIS standard to test their photocatalytic activities. The photocatalytic mechanism in the coated lime tile was also analyzed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR). The results show that a high removal efficiency of formaldehyde was achieved when using the lime tile combined with commercially available zeolite compared to the lime tile immobilized titania photocatalyst. The EPR spectrum indicates that oxygen centered radicals and surface trapped holes are present in the titania sol, but it is much different from the spectrum observed in the pure anatase and Degussa P25 titania. It means that there are different characteristics among these systems on the photocatalysis mechanism.
Photocatalytic Activity in Zn2TiO4 + ZnO Thin Films Obtained by the Sol-gel Process
Authors: Mayén-Hernández Sandra Andrea , Torres-Delgado Gerardo , Castanedo-Pérez Rebeca , Mendoza-Alvarez Julio Gregorio , Zelaya-Angel Orlando 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of Zn
Photocatalysis: A Powerful Technology for Cold Storage Applications
Authors: Kartheuser B. , Boonaert C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMost fruits and vegetables have to be stored in cold and controlled atmospheres. Vegetables and climacteric fruits are very sensitive to the presence of ethylene gas, which acts as a ripening hormone and plays a regulatory role in many plant metabolic processes. Produce and flowers display ethylene receptors at their surface. Their actuation promotes ethylene production by the fruit itself, accelerating its ripening and aging. One way to moderate ethylene production is to slow down the metabolism by keeping the produce in a controlled atmosphere (2% oxygen, 2-5% carbon dioxide, 93-96% nitrogen). In this study, the control of ethylene concentration is performed in ambient air by using a photocatalytic converter, which mineralises ethylene into water and carbon dioxide. This device appears, therefore, as a flexible and inexpensive alternative to the catalytic converter for small producers.
Biodegradation of Photo-Fenton Pre-Treated Solutions of Sulfamethoxazole by Aerobic Communities. Molecular Biology Techniques Applied to the Determination of Existing Strains
Authors: González Oscar , Esplugas Marc , Sans Carme , Esplugas Santiago 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work is focused in the combination of a photo-Fenton process and biological treatments in different devices for the degradation of a 200 mg.L
Comparison of Photo-Fenton Treatment and Coupled Photo-Fenton and Biological Treatment for Detoxification of Pharmaceutical Industry Contaminants
Authors: Zapata Ana , Oller Isabel , Gallay Raphael , Pulgarín César , Maldonado Manuel Ignacio , Malato Sixto , Gernjak Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper compares the feasibility of two different treatment approaches, chemical oxidative treatment by the solar photo-Fenton method and a combined approach applying the solar photo-Fenton method as a pre-treatment for aerobic biological wastewater treatment. The targets are two biorecalcitrant substances used as synthesis intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol (CAS 84682-23-5) (DIDM) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- 1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol (CAS 67914-85-6) (DTDM). Solar photo-Fenton treatment was performed in Compound Parabolic Collector pilot-plants, and biological treatment in an immobilized biomass reactor pilot-plant. Analytical determinations included the measurement of dissolved organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, inorganic compounds (chloride, ammonium, nitrate), formed during degradation, acute toxicity tests applying Vibrio Fischeri luminescence bacteria and the Zahn-Wellens biodegradability test. The synthetic wastewater contained 200 mg/L of each compound, an initial DOC of 200 mg/l and an initial COD of 700 mg/L. The target compounds proved to be susceptible to complete degradation and partial mineralization (95%) by photo-Fenton. Total elimination of both substances occurred after 74 minutes of illumination and required the consumption of 27.5 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Nevertheless, acute toxicity persisted practically to the end of the treatment, and biodegradability could only be slightly enhanced, never rendering the wastewater completely biodegradable at any stage of the chemical oxidative treatment. By Zahn-Wellens test DIDM and DTDM proved to be non-biodegradable and only samples pre-treated by photo-Fenton until achieving a DOC below 98 mg/L showed a significant degree of biodegradability (60% after 11 days of biotreatment). This particular behaviour contrasts with other substances that have been tested before and may be related to the refractory nature of the imidazole and triazole moieties in the molecular structure of DIDM and DTDM.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Dyes in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Kinetics and Toxicity
Authors: Bergamini Raphael B. M. , Dezotti Márcia , Araújo Lúcia R. Raddi de , Azevedo Eduardo B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work assesses the photocatalytic (TiO
Re-Utilization of Exhaustion Baths in Cotton-Dyeing Processes After Solar-Based Photo-Oxidative Treatments
Authors: Pey J. , Amat A. M. , Arques A. , Santos-Juanes L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSolar-driven photo-oxidative treatments (titanium dioxide and photo-Fenton) have been employed to remediate real effluents from cotton-dyeing processes. Exhaustion baths containing reactive dyes with azo chromophores (Reactive Red 110) have been successfully treated by TiO
Toxicity Assessment and Degradation of Disperse Azo Dyes by Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation on Ti/TiO2 Nanotubular Array Electrodes
Authors: Osugi M. E. , Zanoni M. V. B. , Chenthamarakshan C. R. , Tacconi N. R. de , Woldemariam G. A. , Mandal S. S. , Rajeshwar K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe feasibility of photobleaching and detoxification of three disperse azo dyes, namely, Disperse Orange 1, Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Red 13, in 0.1 mol L
Photolytic and Photocatalytic Diminution and Preliminary Genotoxicity Studies of 2-Chloropyridine
Authors: Stapleton David R. , Vlastos Dimitris , Skoutelis Charalambos G. , Papadaki Maria I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe destruction of 2-chloropyridine (2-CPY) was studied by means of ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm. Photolytic and photocatalytic experiments were conducted on 2-CPY aqueous solutions in a batch reactor with internal recycle in laminar flow and under agitation at 323 K at solution ambient pH and at controlled pH conditions, with use and in the absence of radical scavenger. Solution volume was in the range of 0.25-0.55 L and initial substrate concentrations were in the range of 2.6-4.45 mmol L
Effects of Inorganic Anions and Humic Acid on the Photocatalytic and Ozone Oxidation of Oxytetracycline in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yalap Keziban Seven , Balcioglu Isil Akmehmet 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOxytetracycline (OTC), a widely used tetracycline group antibiotic, was treated by TiO