bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternating Rabacfosadine/Doxorubicin: Efficacy and Tolerability in Naïve Canine Multicentric Lymphoma
Authors: Thamm D.H. , Vail D.M. , Post G.S. , Fan T.M. , Phillips B.S. , Axiak‐Bechtel S. , Elmslie R.S. , Klein M.K. , Ruslander D.A. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundStandard of care treatment for multicentric lymphoma in dogs remains doxorubicin (DOX)‐based combination chemotherapy, but owners may hesitate to commit the time and financial resources to complete such a protocol, typically requiring 12–16 visits. Rabacfosadine (RAB), a double prodrug of the nucleotide analog 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine, has substantial single‐agent activity in dogs with lymphoma, and a different mechanism of action than DOX.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur objective was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effect (AE) profile of alternating doses of RAB and DOX in dogs with naïve multicentric lymphoma.AnimalsFifty‐four dogs with previously untreated lymphoma.MethodsOpen‐label, multicenter prospective clinical trial. Dogs received alternating RAB (1.0 mg/kg IV weeks 0, 6, 12) and DOX (30 mg/m2IV weeks 3, 9, 15). Dogs that achieved complete response (CR) were followed by monthly evaluations. Complete clinicopathological evaluation and assessment of remission and AEs were performed every 21 days.ResultsThe overall response rate was 84% (68%; CR; 16%; partial response [PR)]. The overall median progression‐free interval (PFI) was 194 days (216 for CR and 63 for PR). Most AEs were mild and self‐limiting: gastrointestinal and hematologic AEs were most common. Thirteen dogs experienced dermatologic AEs, and 2 dogs developed grade 5 pulmonary fibrosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlternating RAB/DOX generally was well tolerated and resulted in PFIs comparable to standard DOX‐based multi‐agent protocols, with fewer treatment visits. Most adverse events were mild or moderate and self‐limiting. Further studies are warranted to explore long‐term outcome and other RAB chemotherapy combinations.
Environmental gradients and micro‐heterogeneity shape fine‐scale plant community assembly on coastal dunes
Authors: Conti Luisa , de Bello Francesco , Lepš Jan , Acosta Alicia Teresa Rosario , Carboni Marta 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuestionsHow do fine scale community assembly processes (e.g., environmental filtering, symmetric competition, hierarchical competition, facilitation) vary along a natural stress gradient on coastal sand dunes? How does local environmental heterogeneity affect these processes?LocationMediterranean coastal sand dunes, central Italy (Montalto Marina, Lazio region).MethodsWe quantified spatial (co‐occurrence) and functional patterns (degree of divergence in the traits of co‐occurring species) at a fine scale (0.5 m × 0.5 m subplots) in herbaceous communities (2 m × 2 m plots) of coastal habitats along the sea–inland vegetation zonation. We then studied how the fine‐scale co‐occurrence patterns (aggregation vs segregation) varied across habitats of the zonation. Finally, we fitted linear models assessing the relationship of the fine‐scale functional patterns (convergence vs divergence) with (1) the average environmental conditions along the sea–inland environmental stress gradient, and (2) the environmental heterogeneity within plots.ResultsSpatial and functional patterns conveyed complementary information. Within‐community spatial segregation was more common further from the sea, which suggests the dominance of competitive processes in the least stressed communities. Fine‐scale convergence or divergence depended, for all functional traits, on the average environmental conditions of the community along the gradient, suggesting an effect of environmental stress on the prevailing assembly processes. However, it also depended on the environmental heterogeneity within the community, suggesting that micro‐abiotic filtering might play a more important role than previously anticipated in determining fine‐scale community assembly.ConclusionsOur results suggest that contrasting assembly processes act simultaneously on community assembly along environmental gradients, both as a function of average environmental conditions and of local heterogeneity. Future studies assessing community assembly should therefore avoid neglecting the role of micro‐abiotic filtering in shaping functional patterns. Moreover, only by integrating multiple sources of information (trait patterns, spatial patterns and environmental variation) were we able to disentangle fine‐scale community assembly processes and reinforce our interpretation of community patterns.
Meteor shower detection with density‐based clustering
Authors: Sugar Glenn , Moorhead Althea , Brown Peter , Cooke William 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a new method to detect meteor showers using the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN; Ester et al. ). The DBSCAN algorithm is a modern cluster detection algorithm that is well suited to the problem of extracting meteor showers from all‐sky camera data because of its ability to efficiently extract clusters of different shapes and sizes from large data sets. We apply this shower detection algorithm on a data set that contains 25,885 meteor trajectories and orbits obtained from the NASA All‐Sky Fireball Network and the Southern Ontario Meteor Network (SOMN). Using a distance metric based on solar longitude, geocentric velocity, and Sun‐centered ecliptic radiant, we find 25 strong cluster detections and six weak detections in the data, all of which are good matches to known showers. We include measurement errors in our analysis to quantify the reliability of cluster occurrence and the probability that each meteor belongs to a given cluster. We validate our method through false‐positive/negative analysis and with a comparison to an established shower detection algorithm.
Microscopic evidence of stishovite generated in low‐pressure shock experiments on porous sandstone: Constraints on its genesis
Authors: Mansfeld Ulrich , Langenhorst Falko , Ebert Matthias , Kowitz Astrid , Schmitt Ralf Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt has been almost exactly half a century since the first synthesis of stishovite in shock experiments on quartz was reported, but its formation conditions during shock is still under debate. Here, we present direct transmission electron microscopic observation of stishovite within material recovered from high‐explosive shock experiments on porous sandstone shocked at 7.5 and 12.5 GPa. Our observations allow for new conclusions on the genesis of stishovite in a close‐to‐nature environment. The formation of stishovite in short‐time shock experiments proves that its crystallization is ultrafast (<1 μs). Crystals were found only embedded in amorphous veins indicating homogeneous nucleation. Crystallization from melt rather than from glass can be concluded from the observation of roundish, defect‐free crystals up to 150 nm in diameter embedded in nondensified glass. The formation of stishovite at 7.5 GPa is in accordance with the phase diagram of silica, if rapid undercooling is present that becomes only possible by the existence of small hot spots in an otherwise cold material, which is supported by transient heat calculation. The absence of coesite at 7.5 GPa suggests kinetic hindrance of its crystallization from melt and, thus, smaller critical cooling rates compared to stishovite where critical cooling rates are estimated to be as large as 1011 K s−1. While the amorphous veins containing stishovite represent unambiguously hot spots, no associated pressure amplification could be verified within these veins. The rapid liquidus crystallization of stishovite only in hot spots generated in porous material is an alternative formation mechanism to the widely accepted theory of solid–solid transition from quartz to stishovite and might represent the more general mechanism occurring in nature for low shock pressure events.
Quality of care for treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition delivered by community health workers in a rural area of Mali
Authors: Alvarez Morán Jose Luis , Alé Franck G. B. , Rogers Eleanor , Guerrero Saul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn alternative Community‐based Management of Acute Malnutrition model with community health workers (CHWs) delivering treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was piloted in Mali. The capacity of the CHWs to evaluate, classify, and treat cases of uncomplicated SAM, to provide nutritional counselling to caretakers of children receiving treatment for SAM, malaria, pneumonia or diarrhoea and to correctly refer cases of complicated SAM, was assessed. This was done using direct observation by trained enumerators of the management of SAM cases using checklists, re‐diagnosing the cases admitted for treatment and reviewing admissions cards and registers. One hundred twenty‐five cases, assessed and treated by the CHWs, were observed. The majority of children were correctly assessed for the presence of major clinical signs (cough, diarrhoea, fever, and vomiting; 97.6%), and similarly most children were checked for the presence of danger signs (95.2%). Mid‐upper arm circumference was correctly assessed in 96.8% of children and oedema was correctly assessed in 78.4% (The composite indicator, which includes all essential tasks to provide high‐quality treatment, was achieved in 79.5% of cases. This paper concludes that well‐trained and supervised CHWs are capable of managing cases of uncomplicated SAM. This suggests that such a strategy is an opportunity to increase access to quality treatment in Mali for SAM cases. However, further evidence is required to ensure that this level of care can be achieved at scale.
Rce1, a novel transcriptional repressor, regulates cellulase gene expression by antagonizing the transactivator Xyr1 in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Cao Yanli , Zheng Fanglin , Wang Lei , Zhao Guolei , Chen Guanjun , Zhang Weixin , Liu Weifeng 
Published: April 2017

SummaryCellulase gene expression in the model cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei is supposed to be controlled by an intricate regulatory network involving multiple transcription factors. Here, we identified a novel transcriptional repressor of cellulase gene expression, Rce1. Disruption of the rce1 gene not only facilitated the induced expression of cellulase genes but also led to a significant delay in terminating the induction process. However, Rce1 did not participate in Cre1‐mediated catabolite repression. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and DNase I footprinting assays in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) demonstrated that Rce1 could bind directly to a cbh1 (cellobiohydrolase 1‐encoding) gene promoter region containing a cluster of Xyr1 binding sites. Furthermore, competitive binding assays revealed that Rce1 antagonized Xyr1 from binding to the cbh1 promoter. These results indicate that intricate interactions exist between a variety of transcription factors to ensure tight and energy‐efficient regulation of cellulase gene expression in T. reesei. This study also provides important clues regarding increased cellulase production in T. reesei.
Disruption of actin motor function due to MoMyo5 mutation impairs host penetration and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Tang Wei , Gao Chuyun , Wang Jingzhen , Yin Ziyi , Zhang Jinlong , Ji Jun , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Zhang Zhengguang , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2017

SummaryActin motor myosin proteins are the driving forces behind the active transport of vesicles, and more than 20 classes of myosin have been found to contribute to a wide range of cellular processes, including endocytosis and exocytosis, autophagy, cytokinesis and the actin cytoskeleton. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, class V myosin Myo2 (ScMyo2p) is important for the transport of distinct sets of cargo to regions of the cell along the cytoskeleton for polarized growth. To study whether myosins play a role in the formation or function of the appressorium (infectious structure) of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified MoMyo5 as an orthologue of ScMyo2p and characterized its function. Targeted gene disruption revealed that MoMyo5 is required for intracellular transport and is essential for hyphal growth and asexual reproduction. Although the ΔMomyo5 mutant could form appressorium‐like structures, the structures were unable to penetrate host cells and were therefore non‐pathogenic. We further found that MoMyo5 moves dynamically from the cytoplasm to the hyphal tip, where it interacts with MoSec4, a Rab GTPase involved in secretory transport, hyphal growth and fungal pathogenicity. Our studies indicate that class V myosin and its translocation are tightly coupled with hyphal growth, asexual reproduction, appressorium function and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus.
Tryptase potentiates enteric nerve activation by histamine and serotonin: Relevance for the effects of mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients
Authors: Ostertag D. , Annahazi A. , Krueger D. , Michel K. , Demir I. E. , Ceyhan G. O. , Zeller F. , Schemann M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed that mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients activated neurons despite low concentrations of tryptase, histamine, and serotonin which individually would not cause spike discharge. We studied the potentiating responses between these mediators on excitability of enteric neurons.MethodsCalcium‐imaging was performed using the calcium‐sensitive dye Fluo‐4 AM in human submucous plexus preparations from 45 individuals. Histamine, serotonin, and tryptase were applied alone and in combinations to evaluate nerve activation which was assessed by analyzing increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), the proportion of responding neurons and the product of both defined as Ca‐neuroindex (NI). Protease activated receptor (PAR) 2 activating peptide, PAR2 antagonist and the serine protease‐inhibitor FUT‐175 were used to particularly investigate the role of proteases.Key ResultsHistamine or serotonin (1 μmol/L each) evoked only few small responses (median NI [25%/75%]: 0 [0/148]; 85 [0/705] respectively). Their combined application evoked statistically similar responses (216 [21/651]). Addition of the PAR2 activator tryptase induced a significantly higher Ca‐NI (1401 [867/4075]) compared to individual application of tryptase or to coapplied histamine and serotonin. This synergistic potentiation was neither mimicked by PAR2 activating peptide nor reversed by the PAR2 antagonist GB83, but abolished by FUT‐175.Conclusions & InferencesWe observed synergistic potentiation between histamine, serotonin, and tryptase in enteric neurons, which is mediated by proteolytic activity rather than PAR2 activation. This explained neuronal activation by a cocktail of these mediators despite their low concentrations and despite a relatively small PAR2‐mediated response in human submucous neurons.
Ancient plant DNA in lake sediments
Authors: Parducci Laura , Bennett Keith D. , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Alsos Inger Greve , Suyama Yoshihisa , Wood Jamie R. , Pedersen Mikkel Winther 
Published: April 2017

Contents

Summary
924

I.
Introduction
925

II.
Environmental and temporal limits for survival of aDNA
925

III.
Lake sediments
927

IV.
Perspective for plant aDNA research
929

V.
Perspective for plant aDNA research
930

VI.
Pollen DNA
930

VII.
Sedimentary aDNA
931

VIII.
Recent key findings and future methods using HTS techniques
933

IX.
Challenges when studying aDNA from lake sediments
935

X.
Bioinformatic processing
936

XI.
Conclusions and directions for future research
938

Acknowledgements
938

References
938

SummaryRecent advances in sequencing technologies now permit the analyses of plant DNA from fossil samples (ancient plant DNA, plant aDNA), and thus enable the molecular reconstruction of palaeofloras. Hitherto, ancient frozen soils have proved excellent in preserving DNA molecules, and have thus been the most commonly used source of plant aDNA. However, DNA from soil mainly represents taxa growing a few metres from the sampling point. Lakes have larger catchment areas and recent studies have suggested that plant aDNA from lake sediments is a more powerful tool for palaeofloristic reconstruction. Furthermore, lakes can be found globally in nearly all environments, and are therefore not limited to perennially frozen areas. Here, we review the latest approaches and methods for the study of plant aDNA from lake sediments and discuss the progress made up to the present. We argue that aDNA analyses add new and additional perspectives for the study of ancient plant populations and, in time, will provide higher taxonomic resolution and more precise estimation of abundance. Despite this, key questions and challenges remain for such plant aDNA studies. Finally, we provide guidelines on technical issues, including lake selection, and we suggest directions for future research on plant aDNA studies in lake sediments.
Grass inflorescence architecture and evolution: the origin of novel signaling centers
Authors: Whipple Clinton J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA central goal of evo‐devo is to understand how morphological diversity arises from existing developmental mechanisms, requiring a clear, predictive explanatory framework of the underlying developmental mechanisms. Despite an ever‐increasing literature on genes regulating grass inflorescence development, an effective model of inflorescence patterning is lacking. I argue that the existing framework for grass inflorescence development, which invokes homeotic shifts in multiple distinct meristem identities, obscures a recurring theme emerging from developmental genetic studies in grass models, that is that inflorescence branching is regulated by novel localized signaling centers. Understanding the origin and function of these novel signaling centers will be key to future evo‐devo work on the grass inflorescence.

Contents

Summary
367

I.
Introduction
367

II.
Modeling inflorescence development
368

III.
Novel grass inflorescence structures associated with novel signaling centers
370

IV.
Conclusions
371

Acknowledgements
371

References
371
RNA‐guided Cas9 as an in vivo desired‐target mutator in maize
Authors: Li Chuxi , Liu Changlin , Qi Xiantao , Wu Yongchun , Fei Xiaohong , Mao Long , Cheng Beijiu , Li Xinhai , Xie Chuanxiao 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe RNA‐guided Cas9 system is a versatile tool for genome editing. Here, we established a RNA‐guided endonuclease (RGEN) system as an in vivo desired‐target mutator (DTM) in maize to reduce the linkage drag during breeding procedure, using the LIGULELESS1 (LG1) locus as a proof‐of‐concept. Our system showed 51.5%–91.2% mutation frequency in T0 transgenic plants. We then crossed the T1 plants stably expressing DTM with six diverse recipient maize lines and found that 11.79%–28.71% of the plants tested were mutants induced by the DTM effect. Analysis of successive F2 plants indicated that the mutations induced by the DTM effect were largely heritable. Moreover, DTM‐generated hybrids had significantly smaller leaf angles that were reduced more than 50% when compared with that of the wild type. Planting experiments showed that DTM‐generated maize plants can be grown with significantly higher density and hence greater yield potential. Our work demonstrate that stably expressed RGEN could be implemented as an in vivoDTM to rapidly generate and spread desired mutations in maize through hybridization and subsequent backcrossing, and hence bypassing the linkage drag effect in convention introgression methodology. This proof‐of‐concept experiment can be a potentially much more efficient breeding strategy in crops employing the RNA‐guided Cas9 genome editing.
Central line‐associated bloodstream infection in childhood malignancy: Single‐center experience
Authors: Miliaraki Marianna , Katzilakis Nikolaos , Chranioti Ioanna , Stratigaki Maria , Koutsaki Maria , Psarrou Maria , Athanasopoulos Emmanouil , Stiakaki Eftichia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundCentral line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a common complication in children with malignancy, often leading to prolonged hospitalization, delay in chemotherapy or catheter removal. This retrospective epidemiological study reviewed 91 children with malignancy over a 5 year period between 2011 and 2015 and analyzed potential risk factors for CLABSI.MethodsSymptoms, laboratory and microbiology characteristics, subsequent treatment and outcome were recorded and analyzed. All the collected data were processed through SPSS for statistical analysis.ResultsAmong 40 episodes of CLABSI recorded in 30 patients, the rate of CLABSI was estimated as 2.62 episodes per 1,000 days of central venous catheter (CVC) carriage. Most of the bacterial pathogens isolated in CLABSI episodes were Gram positive, including different strains of staphylococci, while Gram‐negative bacteria were involved in 30% of episodes. Invasive mycosis was isolated in 7.5% of episodes, accounting for the highest catheter removal rate. Intensive chemotherapy and prolonged hospitalization proved to be independent risk factors for CVC infection. In children with neutropenia, the risk for CLABSI was also fourfold greater (P = 0.001). Children with leukemia had a fivefold greater risk for CLABSI (P = 0.005). Finally, although 36% of patients received antibiotic lock therapy, in 15% of these patients catheter replacement could not be avoided due to persistent serious infection.ConclusionsYounger age, neutropenia, hematologic malignancy and longer catheterization are important risk factors for CLABSI, but further research is required for the prevention of catheter‐related infection in children with malignancy.
Outcome of early discharge protocol after appendectomy for pediatric acute appendicitis
Authors: Jimbo Takahiro , Masumoto Kouji , Takayasu Hajime , Shinkai Toko , Urita Yasuhisa , Uesugi Toru , Gotoh Chikashi , Ono Kentaro , Sasaki Takato 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of an early discharge protocol for pediatric acute appendicitis.MethodsThe present new early discharge protocol for appendicitis consisted of both postoperative early feeding and reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery, to reduce surgical stress. The outcome was studied in patients with acute appendicitis treated at the present institution from 2012 to 2013.ResultsData on 36 acute appendicitis patients (mean age, 10.3 years) were collected. Operation time was 95 ± 27 min. Preoperatively, mean white blood cell (WBC) count was 13 850 ± 3644/μL; mean C‐reactive protein (CRP), 2.7 ± 2.9 mg/dL; and mean procalcitonin, 0.25 ± 0.37 ng/mL. After surgery there was a significant decrease in WBC count, which fell to within the normal range; CRP peaked at 4.9 ± 3.2 mg/dL on postoperative day (POD) 1. On POD 7, all of the hematological markers were within the normal range. There were no postoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was 2.1 ± 1.1 days. Mean frequency of oral painkiller use was 3.2 ± 3.3 times per person.ConclusionsThe present early discharge protocol is safe and effective for the management of acute non‐perforated appendicitis.