bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phylogenomic perspective on the biogeography of skinks in the Plestiodon brevirostris group inferred from target enrichment of ultraconserved elements
Authors: Bryson Robert W. , Linkem Charles W. , Pavón‐Vázquez Carlos J. , Nieto‐Montes de Oca Adrián , Klicka John , McCormack John E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of our study was to reconstruct ancestral geographic distributions from time‐calibrated phylogenies generated from phylogenomic data to answer three broad questions about the biogeography of skinks in the Plestiodon brevirostris group: (1) Are biogeographic patterns correlated with the formation of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt? (2) Do different methods of phylogenetic estimation result in different topologies? If so, (3) are biogeographic reconstructions impacted by the use of different phylogenetic trees?LocationMexico.MethodsWe used target enrichment of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to obtain sequence data from 58 skinks representing 11 of the 13 described species in the group. We estimated time‐calibrated phylogenies using concatenated and multispecies coalescent phylogenetic approaches. We used these phylogenies to reconstruct ancestral geographic distributions.ResultsThe final dataset contained 3,282 UCEs from each skink. Samples of each putative species formed well‐supported clades in phylogenetic trees. Time‐calibrated phylogenies estimated using concatenated and multispecies coalescent methods were generally congruent, but differed in the placement of one basal relationship. Divergences in the P. brevirostris group were temporally and spatially congruent with the pre‐Pleistocene formation of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt. The group most likely colonized the Mexican highlands from east to west during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. Inferences about the early biogeographic history of the group were confounded by the unresolved placement of a key phylogenetic relationship deep in the phylogeny.ConclusionsSkinks in the P. brevirostris group represent another example of a widespread montane Mexican taxon with a long history of pre‐Pleistocene diversification associated with the primary formation of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt. This mountain range seems to have been both a cradle of diversification for P. brevirostris group species and a land bridge facilitating dispersal across the Mexican highlands. Our results highlight the probable existence of new species within the P. brevirostris complex and suggest that querying a large portion of the genome may be critically important for studying the biogeographic history of these skinks. However, inferred differences between the concatenated and multispecies coalescent phylogenies, and the different biogeographic histories of the P. brevirostris group reconstructed from these phylogenies, caution that methods of estimating phylogenetic trees used in biogeographic reconstructions need to be carefully considered.
Variation in the post‐mating fitness landscape in fruit flies
Authors: Fricke C. , Chapman T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSperm competition is pervasive and fundamental to determining a male's overall fitness. Sperm traits and seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) are key factors. However, studies of sperm competition may often exclude females that fail to remate during a defined period. Hence, the resulting data sets contain fewer data from the potentially fittest males that have most success in preventing female remating. It is also important to consider a male's reproductive success before entering sperm competition, which is a major contributor to fitness. The exclusion of these data can both hinder our understanding of the complete fitness landscapes of competing males and lessen our ability to assess the contribution of different determinants of reproductive success to male fitness. We addressed this here, using the Drosophila melanogaster model system, by (i) capturing a comprehensive range of intermating intervals that define the fitness of interacting wild‐type males and (ii) analysing outcomes of sperm competition using selection analyses. We conducted additional tests using males lacking the sex peptide (SP) ejaculate component vs. genetically matched (SP+) controls. This allowed us to assess the comprehensive fitness effects of this important Sfp on sperm competition. The results showed a signature of positive, linear selection in wild‐type and SP+ control males on the length of the intermating interval and on male sperm competition defence. However, the fitness surface for males lacking SP was distinct, with local fitness peaks depending on contrasting combinations of remating intervals and offspring numbers. The results suggest that there are alternative routes to success in sperm competition and provide an explanation for the maintenance of variation in sperm competition traits.
The Effect of Nanostructured Chitosan and Chitosan‐thyme Essential Oil Coatings on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Growth in vitro and on cv Hass Avocado and Fruit Quality
Authors: Correa‐Pacheco Zormy Nacary , Bautista‐Baños Silvia , Valle‐Marquina Miguel Ángel , Hernández‐López Mónica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, nanostructured edible coatings based on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and chitosan‐thyme essential oil nanoparticles (CSTEO‐NPs) were characterized and evaluated on in vitro growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and on inoculated avocado fruit cv. Hass, to evaluate their fungicidal activity and the effect on fruit quality. From TEM and particle size distribution characterization, the size of nanoparticles increased after thyme essential oil incorporation. Overall a synergistic effect between the chitosan and thyme essential oil (TEO) was observed. For in vitro evaluation, incorporation of this essential oil to CSNPs improved the control of C. gloeosporioides as there was a complete growth inhibition. CSNPs with concentrations of TEO at 3 and 5% had a fungicidal effect. The coating formulation with 55% CSTEO‐NPs notably reduced the incidence of C. gloeosporioides on avocado cv. Hass by up to 60%. Also, at the end of the 8‐day storage period, CSTEO‐NPs incorporation into the coating did not affect the quality of avocado; moreover, fruit firmness was better maintained than untreated fruit.
Significance of Microsclerotia in the Epidemiology of Black Pepper Anthracnose and an Approach for Disease Management in Nurseries
Authors: Biju Chakkiyanickal Narayanan , Ravindran Praveena , Peeran Mohammed Faisal , Darshana Chaliyanda Nanaiah , Jashmi Chinnappa Kaleyanda , Shettahalli Koppallu Javaraiah Ankegowda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnthracnose incited by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. is a wide spread and economically important disease of black pepper. In the present study, role of microsclerotia (MS) in the trans‐seasonal perpetuation of C. gloeosporioides was investigated. Microscopical examination of the runner shoots exhibiting necrotic lesions revealed the presence of dark, melanized structures which resembled MS. The excised necrotic regions when subjected to high humidity produced acervulus with setae. Under in vitro conditions, C. gloeosporioides produced MS predominantly on the aerial surface as inseparable congregations, enmeshed in the mycelial mats in potato dextrose broth and as individual units 7–8 days after incubation on glass slides. Sequential events in the formation of MS included germination of conidia, formation of conidial anastomosis tubes, aggregation of hyphae, and the formation of melanized microsclerotial bodies. Three types of microsclerotial germination were observed under in vitro conditions viz., sporogenic, myceliogenic and both. PCR confirmation with CgInt species‐specific primer and ITS4 resulted in 450‐bp amplification. Since, runner shoots are predominantly used as propagating material in black pepper, an approach was devised to manage anthracnose under nursery conditions by treating the 2‐ to 3‐node cuttings (nursery planting material) with carbendazim (12%)—mancozeb (63%) @ 0.1% for 30 min. The results of the study suggests a new facet in the disease cycle of black pepper anthracnose, indicating that the pathogen survives as microsclerotia in planta and could act as a potential source of inoculum.
Prevalence and Mode of Inheritance of theDalBlood Group in Dogs in North America
Authors: Goulet S. , Giger U. , Arsenault J. , Abrams‐Ogg A. , Euler C.C. , Blais M.‐C. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundTheDalblood group system was identified a decade ago by the accidental sensitization of aDal−Dalmatian with aDal+ blood transfusion. SimilarDal‐related blood incompatibilities have been suspected in other Dalmatians, Doberman Pinschers, and other breeds.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and mode of inheritance of theDalantigen expression in dogs.AnimalsA total of 1130 dogs including 128 Dalmatians, 432 Doberman Pinschers, 21 Shih Tzus, and 549 dogs of other breeds including 228 blood donors were recruited from North America between 2008 and 2015.MethodsProspectively, dogs were blood typed forDalapplying a gel column technique using polyclonal canine anti‐Dalsera. Pedigrees from 8 typed families were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of theDal+blood type varied between 85.6 and 100% in Dalmatians and 43.3–78.6% in Doberman Pinschers depending on geographical area.Dal− dogs were identified mostly in Dalmatians (15/128; 11.7%), Doberman Pinschers (183/432; 42.4%), and Shih Tzus (12/21; 57.1%), and sporadically in mixed‐breed dogs (3/122; 2.5%), Lhasa Apsos (1/6) and Bichon Frises (1/3). Only 6/245 (2.4%) blood donors were found to beDal−, including 5 Doberman Pinschers. The mode of inheritance of theDal+ phenotype was determined to be autosomal dominant.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe high percentage ofDal− Doberman Pinchers, Dalmatians and Shih Tzus increases their risk of being sensitized by a blood transfusion from the commonDal+donor. ExtendedDaltyping is recommended in those breeds and in dogs when blood incompatibility problems arise after initial transfusions.
Synthesis, Photophysics and PDT Evaluation of Mono‐, Di‐, Tri‐ and Hexa‐PEG Chlorins for Pointsource Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Bornhütter Tobias , Ghogare Ashwini A. , Preuß Annegret , Greer Alexander , Röder Beate 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPointsource photodynamic therapy (PSPDT) is a newly developed fiber optic method aimed at the delivery of photosensitizer, light and oxygen to a diseased site. Because of a need for developing photosensitizers with desirable properties for PSPDT, we have carried out a synthetic, photophysical and phototoxicity study on a series of PEGylated sensitizers. Chlorin and pheophorbide sensitizers were readily amenable to our synthetic PEGylation strategy to reach triPEG and hexaPEG galloyl pheophorbides and mono‐, di‐, triPEG chlorins. On screening these PEG sensitizers, we found that increasing the number of PEG groups, except for hexaPEGylation, increases phototoxicity. We found that three PEG groups but not less or more were optimal. Of the series tested, a triPEG gallyol pheophorbide and a triPEG chlorin were the most efficient at generating singlet oxygen, and produced the highest phototoxicity and lowest dark toxicity to Jurkat cells. A detailed kinetic analysis of the PEGylated sensitizers in solution and cell culture and media is also presented. The data provide us with steps in the development of PSPDT to add to the PDT tools we have in general.
Construction of Er3+:YAlO3/RGO/TiO2 Hybrid Electrode with Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Performance in Methylene Blue Degradation Under Visible Light
Authors: Zhou Xian , Zhang Jun , Ma Yue , Cheng Hanqing , Fu Shaozhu , Zhou Dandan , Dong Shuangshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMuch attention has been paid on doping TiO2 to narrow its band gap to promote the absorption of visible light and restrain the recombination of electron–hole pairs to improve its efficiency in photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) under visible‐light irradiation. However, the oxidation potential energy of photo‐induced holes for the modified catalysts by visible‐light excitation is lower than that without modification by UV excitation. In this work, we synthesized a co‐coupled TiO2 electrode (denoted ERT) with the Er3+:YAlO3 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), achieving the synergetic effect of visible‐light‐to‐UV up‐conversion and response and great electron transfer ability. The effects of external bias voltage, electrolyte concentration and pH on the PEC activity were studied with the methylene blue (MB) as the target pollutant. The results indicated that PEC by the ERT electrode showed the highest MB removal compared with those by the electrodes coupled with RGO or Er3+:YAlO3 alone. In addition, the kinetic rate constant of the PEC process using the ERT electrode was higher than the sum of those of the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes. The optimal conditions for PEC by the ERT electrode were an external bias voltage of 1.0 V, 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 and pH = 10.
Antibiotic prescriptions for inpatients having non-bacterial diagnosis at medicine departments of two private sector hospitals in Madhya Pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Landstedt Kristoffer , Sharma Ashish , Johansson Fredrik , Stålsby Lundborg Cecilia , Sharma Megha 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo present and compare antibiotic prescribing for inpatients among the most common non-bacterial diagnoses groups at medicine departments of a teaching (TH) and a non-teaching hospital (NTH) in central India.SettingAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care settings in Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh, India.Data and participantsThe data were collected manually, using a customised form. Complete records of all inpatients, who were >15 years of age and had stayed for at least one night in either of the hospitals during 2008–2011, were analysed.Outcome measuresInpatients were grouped according to the presence or absence of a bacterial infectious diagnosis, viral/malaria fever or cardiovascular disease. Classes of antibiotics prescribed to these groups and adherence to the available prescribing guidelines were compared between the hospitals using the notes from the patient files and the diagnoses.ResultsOf 20 303 inpatients included in the study, 66% were prescribed antibiotics. Trade name prescribing and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were more frequent at the NTH than at the TH (p<0.001). At the TH a significantly higher proportion of patients having fever without registered bacterial infection were prescribed antibiotics (82%) compared with the NTH (71%, p<0.001). Patients admitted for cardiovascular diagnosis without registered bacterial infections received antibiotic prescriptions at both hospitals (NTH 47% and TH 37%) but this was significantly higher at the NTH (p<0.001). None of the diagnoses were confirmed by microbiology reports.ConclusionsPrescribing antibiotics, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, to inpatients without bacterial infections—that is, viral fever, malaria and cardiovascular disease, was common at both hospitals, which increases the risk for development of bacterial resistance, a global public health threat. In view of the overprescribing of antibiotics, the main recommendations are development and implementation of local prescription guidelines, encouragement to use laboratory facilities and prescription analysis, with antibiotic stewardship programmes.
Is postoperative decrease of serum albumin an early predictor of complications after major abdominal surgery? A prospective cohort study in a European centre
Authors: Labgaa Ismail , Joliat Gaëtan-Romain , Kefleyesus Amaniel , Mantziari Styliani , Schäfer Markus , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo test postoperative serum albumin drop (ΔAlb) as a marker of surgical stress response and early predictor of clinical outcomes.DesignProspective cohort study (NCT02356484). Albumin was prospectively measured in 138 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Blood samples were collected before surgery and on postoperative days 0, 1 2 and 3. ΔAlb was compared to the modified estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (mE-PASS) score and correlated to the performances of C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactate (LCT). Postoperative outcomes were postoperative complications according to Clavien classification and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), and length of hospital stay (LoS).SettingDepartment of abdominal surgery in a European tertiary centre.ParticipantsAdult patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery, with anticipated duration ≥2 hours. Patients on immunosuppressive or antibiotic treatments before surgery were excluded.ResultsThe level of serum albumin rapidly dropped after surgery. ΔAlb correlated to the mE-PASS score (r=0.275, p=0.01) and to CRP increase (r=0.536, p<0.001). ΔAlb also correlated to overall complications (r=0.485, p<0.001), CCI (r=0.383, p<0.001) and LoS (r=0.468, p<0.001). A ΔAlb ≥10 g/L yielded a sensitivity of 77.1% and a specificity of 67.2% (AUC: 78.3%) to predict complications. Patients with ΔAlb ≥10 g/L on POD 1 showed a threefold increased risk of overall postoperative complications.ConclusionsEarly postoperative decrease of serum albumin correlated with the extent of surgery, its metabolic response and with adverse outcomes such as complications and length of stay. A decreased concentration of serum albumin ≥10 g/L on POD 1 was associated with a threefold increased risk of overall postoperative complications and may thus be used to identify patients at risk.
Study on the utility of a statewide counselling programme for improving mortality outcomes of patients withStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia in Thuringia (SUPPORT): a study protocol of a cluster-randomised crossover trial
Authors: Weis S , Hagel S , Schmitz R P H , Scherag A , Brunkhorst F M , Forstner C , Löffler B , Pletz M W 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia (SAB) is a frequent infection with high mortality rates. It requires specific diagnostic and therapeutic management such as prolonged intravenous administration of antibiotics and aggressive search for and control of infectious sources. Underestimation of disease severity frequently results in delayed or inappropriate management of patients with SAB leading to increased mortality rates. According to observational studies, patient counselling by infectious disease consultants (IDC) improves survival and reduces the length of hospital stay as well as complication rates. In many countries, IDC are available only in some tertiary hospitals. In this trial, we aim to demonstrate that the outcome of patients with SAB in small and medium size hospitals that do not employ IDC can be improved by unsolicited ID phone counselling. The SUPPORT trial will be the first cluster-randomised controlled multicentre trial addressing this question.Methods and analysisSUPPORT is a single-blinded, multicentre interventional, cluster-randomised, controlled crossover trial with a minimum of 15 centres that will include 250 patients with SAB who will receive unsolicited IDC counselling and 250 who will receive standard of care. Reporting of SAB will be conducted by an electronic real-time blood culture registry established for the German Federal state of Thuringia (ALERTSNet) or directly by participating centres in order to minimise time delay before counselling. Mortality, disease course and complications will be monitored for 90 days with 30-day all-cause mortality rates as the primary outcome. Generalised linear mixed modelling will be used to detect the difference between the intervention sequences. We expect improved outcome of patients with SAB after IDC.Ethics and disseminationWe obtained ethics approval from the Ethics committee of the Jena University Hospital and from the Ethics committee of the State Chamber of Physicians of Thuringia. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and additionally disseminated through public media.Trial registration numberDRKS00010135.
Association between baseline vitamin D metabolite levels and long-term cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the CIMESTRA trial: protocol for a cohort study with patient-record evaluated outcomes
Authors: Herly M , Stengaard-Pedersen K , Hørslev-Petersen K , Hetland M L , Østergaard M , Christensen R , Løgstrup B B , Vestergaard P , Pødenphant J , Junker P , Ellingsen T 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionCardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and among these patients, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high. Moreover, low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in healthy subjects.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term risk of cardiovascular events in patients having low total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline compared with patients with normal levels, in an efficiently treated, closed cohort of patients with an early diagnosis of RA.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, closed, blinded endpoint cohort study, based on secondary analyses from a previous randomised trial (CIMESTRA study;NCT00209859, approved September 1999) including 160 patients with an early diagnosis of RA from Danish University clinics. Primary outcome will be the proportion of patients with any cardiovascular event in the follow-up period, evaluated using systematic journal audits. Logistic regression models will test the hypothesis that there are more cardiovascular events in enrolled patients with a low level of vitamin D (< 50 nmol/L). Secondarily, Cox regression models, based on survival analysis, will determine the extent to which independent variables (including different levels of vitamin D at baseline) predict whether a cardiovascular event will occur, and also when this will be.Ethics and disseminationAll patients have received verbal and written information before enrolment, and have given written consent at baseline. To disseminate comprehension of factors of prognostic importance to cardiovascular outcome in RA, we will attempt to have a first draft ready no later than 1 year after the adjudication process has finished. If low vitamin D levels can predict cardiovascular events in RA, it is relevant to take into account in a prediction model, to be considered by patients, physicians and other decision-makers.Trial registration numberThe parental controlled trial is registered asNCT00209859.
TV format sector consolidation and its impact on the configuration and ‘stickiness’ of the UK entertainment production market
Authors: Esser Andrea 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article is concerned with the consolidation of European TV format production companies during the first two decades of the twenty-first century and its likely impact on the configuration and long-term sustainability of the world’s leading format production market, the United Kingdom. Theoretically and methodologically influenced by various approaches – critical political economy, meso-level television industries research and scholarship concerned with the locational choice of economic activity – this exploratory study combines the macro-picture of consolidation at the European and international level with a fine-grained case study of the UK television market. It discloses an ecology faced with a range of opportunities and threats, likely to result in marked and enduring changes to UK entertainment.
Book Reviews
Authors: Evens Tom , Richter Andrei 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
POLICY AND MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR DIGITAL MEDIA, YU-LI LIU AND ROBERT PICARD (EDS) (2014) New York: Routledge, 312 pp., ISBN: 9780415747714, h/bk, £90
EUROPEAN MEDIA POLICY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, SEAMUS SIMPSON, MANUEL PUPPIS AND HILDE VAN DEN BULCK (EDS) (2016) New York and London: Taylor & Francis, 279 pp., ISBN: 9781138856509, h/bk, £67.50