bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Instrumentarium von αv‐RGD‐Integrin‐Inhibitoren: Wirkstoffsuche, Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten
Authors: Hatley Richard J. D. , Macdonald Simon J. F. , Slack Robert J. , Le Joelle , Ludbrook Steven B. , Lukey Pauline T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEs gibt einen Bedarf an wirksamen und sicheren Pharmazeutika für die Behandlung vernachlässigter Krankheiten, und aktuelle Bestrebungen bei der Suche von Inhibitoren des αv‐RGD‐Integrins zielen in diese Richtung. Allerdings erweist sich die Entwicklung von Wirkstoffen im Bereich der αv‐Integrine aufgrund der sehr ähnlichen Strukturen dieser Rezeptoren und der polaren, zwitterionischen Natur des Pharmakophors als notorisch schwierig. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, einen Leitfaden für die Wirkstoffsuche in diesem Gebiet anzubieten. Wir tun dies, indem wir hier ein Instrumentarium von αv‐Inhibitoren bestehend aus niedermolekularen Verbindungen (“kleinen Molekülen”) und Antikörpern vorstellen. Niedermolekulare αv‐Verbindungen mit erweiterten Profilen in αvβ1‐, αvβ3‐, αvβ5‐, αvβ6‐ und αvβ8‐Zelladhäsionsassays wurden zusammengetragen, um die Auswahl der richtigen Verbindung für das richtige Experiment zu unterstützen. Dies sollte außerdem helfen, die partiellen Selektivitätsprofile von Verbindungen besser zu verstehen, die in unterschiedlichen Assays unterschiedlicher Forschungsinstitute generiert wurden. Die Perspektiven der zukünftigen Forschung an αv‐Integrinen und die zentral wichtige Targetvalidierung werden diskutiert; fundierte Kenntnisse der Selektivität individueller RGD‐αv‐Integrine sind hier ganz entscheidend. Einblicke in das Design niedermolekularer RGD‐Chemotypen für die topische oder orale Verabreichung werden vorgestellt und klinische Befunde zu fortgeschrittenen Molekülen betrachtet.
An application of integration approaches for archaeo‐geophysical data: Case study from Aizanoi
Authors: Küçükdemirci Melda , Özer Elif , Piro Salvatore , Baydemir Niyazi , Zamuner Daniela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTransforming multi‐dimensional datasets, containing measurements of different physical parameters recorded at the same location, into a single composite imagery is quite important and frequently used in geophysical analysis as well as other scientific disciplines. This study focuses on the application of several different integration approaches for archaeo‐geophysical data with a purpose of achieving complementary and improved information about the buried archaeological target by generating a single data set from multiple geophysical methods. An extensive geophysical survey using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and differential magnetic methods was made in different parts of the Aizanoi archaeological site (Cavdarhisar, Kutahya, Turkey) to locate and enhance subsurface archaeological structures. However, in this article, the outputs of graphical, mathematical and statistical integration approaches, which are applied both on synthetic images and real field case data, are presented and discussed. Comparing these results and experimental applications, mathematical and statistical integration approaches provide more useful and practicable information than just the single distinct datasets from each geophysical parameter studied.
Harzianone Biosynthesis by the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma
Authors: Barra Lena , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnalysis of the volatile terpenes produced by seven fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma by use of a closed‐loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) revealed a common production of harzianone, a bioactive, structurally unique diterpenoid consisting of a fused tetracyclic 4,7,5,6‐membered ring system. The terpene cyclization mechanism was studied by feeding experiments using selectively 13C‐ and 2H‐labeled synthetic mevalonolactone isotopologues, followed by analysis of the incorporation patterns by 13C NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS. The structure of harzianone was further supported from a 13C,13C COSY experiment of the in‐vivo‐generated fully 13C‐labeled diterpene.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: an incidental finding during laparoscopic bariatric surgery
Authors: Saurabh Shireesh 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Lack of clinical symptoms and findings on preoperative upper endoscopy makes its diagnosis difficult in bariatric patients. A laparoscopic resection of the gastric GIST during bariatric surgery is associated with good long‐term prognosis.
Ag‐Nanoparticle‐Anchored rGO‐Coated MIL‐88B(Fe) Hybrids as Robust Electrocatalysts for the Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction at Neutral pH
Authors: Islam Dewan Azharul , Barman Koushik , Jasimuddin Sk , Acharya Himadri 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe design of highly efficient, robust, and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a crucial challenge for the advancement of a number of renewable energy applications, including conversion and storage technology. Here, a robust water oxidation catalyst, Ag‐nanoparticle‐anchored reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐coated MIL‐88B(Fe) hybrids (AgNPs@rGO/MIL‐88B(Fe)), is developedfor a highelectrocatalytic performance in the OER. Initially, MIL‐88B(Fe) is synthesized through an in situ process in exfoliated graphene oxide dispersion, forming a GO‐coated MIL‐88B(Fe) hybrid. Ag nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm) are then deposited through simultaneous reduction of silver ions and GO to form a robust AgNPs@rGO/MIL‐88B(Fe) combined catalyst. The new catalyst material was tested for the OER and exhibited remarkable catalytic performance, affording a current density of 1 mA cm−2 at a very low overpotential of approximately 395 mV in buffered solution (pH∼7). Furthermore, the sustained catalyst stability with Tafel slopes of 60 mV dec−1 is one of the best electrocatalytic performances reported at neutral pH.
Copper‐Mediated Introduction of the CF2PO(OEt)2 Motif: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Ivanova Maria V. , Bayle Alexandre , Besset Tatiana , Pannecoucke Xavier , Poisson Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHerein, a general procedure to access CF2PO(OEt)2‐containing molecules is reported. The reagent CuCF2PO(OEt)2 is accessible by a simple protocol and a broad range of substrates can be functionalised. The procedure allows the conversion of aryl diazonium salts, as well as aryl, heteroaryl, vinyl and alkynyl iodonium salts, into the corresponding fluorinated molecules at room temperature. Mechanistic studies were performed to gain a better understanding of the reaction pathway. Under similar conditions, vinyl and aryl iodides, allyl halides, and benzyl bromides were also functionalised, and the scope and limitations of the reaction were studied. Finally, the procedure was extended to disulfides to offer new access to SCF2PO(OEt)2‐containing molecules.
Biosynthesis and Total Synthesis of Pyrronazol B: a Secondary Metabolite from Nannocystis pusilla
Authors: Witte Swjatoslaw N. R. , Hug Joachim J. , Géraldy Magalie N. E. , Müller Rolf , Kalesse Markus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe first stereoselective total synthesis of the natural product pyrronazol B, which contains a chlorinated pyrrole–oxazole–pyrone framework, has been achieved. Genome sequencing of the myxobacterial producer strain Nannocystis pusilla Ari7 led to the identification of the putative biosynthetic gene cluster. The proposed biosynthetic pathway was supported by feeding experiments with stable isotopes of three biosynthetic building blocks, namely l‐proline, l‐serine, and l‐methionine.
Novel Fluorophores based on Regioselective Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts Acylation of the Pyrene Ring Using Triflic Acid
Authors: Jousselin‐Oba Tanguy , Sbargoud Kamal , Vaccaro Gianfranco , Meinardi Francesco , Yassar Abderrahim , Frigoli Michel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe extension of the pyrene ring from dimethyl 2,2′‐(pyrene‐1,6‐diyl)dibenzoate derivatives by an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation can be realized in an efficient and regioselective manner using triflic acid as proton source. Naphtho‐tetracenone derivatives are obtained in high yields at room temperature while Bis‐tetracene‐diones are prepared upon heating. Both products display interesting fluorescence properties in the visible range with quantum yields varying from 50 to 60 %.
Sulfonylative and Azidosulfonylative Cyclizations by Visible‐Light‐Photosensitization of Sulfonyl Azides in THF
Authors: Zhu Shaoqun , Pathigoolla Atchutarao , Lowe Grace , Walsh Darren A. , Cooper Mick , Lewis William , Lam Hon Wai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe generation of sulfonyl radicals from sulfonyl azides using visible light and a photoactive iridium complex in THF is described. This process was used to promote sulfonylative and azidosulfonylative cyclizations of enynes to give several classes of highly functionalized heterocycles. The use of THF as the solvent is critical for successful reactions. The proposed mechanism of radical initiation involves the photosensitized formation of a triplet sulfonyl nitrene, which abstracts a hydrogen atom from THF to give a tetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl radical, which then reacts with the sulfonyl azide to generate the sulfonyl radical.
Quantitating ADCC against adherent cells: Impedance‐based detection is superior to release, membrane permeability, or caspase activation assays in resolving antibody dose response
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Szöllősi János , Vereb György 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMonoclonal antibody‐based immunotherapeutics will dominate Pharma's next generation of blockbuster drugs, and Fc‐associated functions, including antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) are among the highly desired activities mediated by these antibodies. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of ADCC is required during drug development. Our objective was to find the most suitable and reliable nonradioactive method for quantitative analysis of in vitro ADCC against adherent cells, which often serve as models for solid tumors. The test system was comprised the HER2 positive JIMT‐1 cells targeted by the specific therapeutic antibodies trastuzumab (Herceptin®) and pertuzumab (Perjeta®). These cells are resistant to the direct biological effects of these antibodies, and, therefore, allow the isolated assessment of ADCC. We compared fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) release as a fluorescent alternative to 51Cr release; propidium iodide (PI) uptake revealing increased membrane permeability; the PanToxiLux assay measuring ADCC induced pro‐apoptotic protease activity in flow cytometry; and an impedance‐based real time cell adhesion test. We found that release assays are compromised by high spontaneous release of the label. PI uptake could not differentiate well between spontaneous NK activity and specific ADCC. The PanToxiLux assay, besides allowing for shorter assay times, offers improvement over the previous approaches in distinguishing spontaneous and antibody mediated NK action, but, probably owed to the prolonged detached state of adherent target cells, only at highly saturating antibody concentrations. In the case of adherent target cells, impedance‐based cell analysis attains functional information exclusively on the target cells without having to label them for distinguishing from effectors or assay readout. It also allows continuous monitoring for days, and specifically detects target cell detachment, as the final functional consequence of ADCC. The sensitivity of this method even allows for quantitating the additivity and saturability of ADCC as a function of antibody concentration. We conclude that impedance‐based assays are the most sensitive for quantitatively assessing in vitro ADCC on adherent target cells. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Scenarios reveal pathways to sustain future ecosystem services in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Qiu Jiangxiao , Carpenter Stephen R. , Booth Eric G. , Motew Melissa , Zipper Samuel C. , Kucharik Christopher J. , Chen Xi , Loheide Steven P. , Seifert Jenny , Turner Monica G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSustaining food production, water quality, soil retention, flood, and climate regulation in agricultural landscapes is a pressing global challenge given accelerating environmental changes. Scenarios are stories about plausible futures, and scenarios can be integrated with biophysical simulation models to explore quantitatively how the future might unfold. However, few studies have incorporated a wide range of drivers (e.g., climate, land‐use, management, population, human diet) in spatially explicit, process‐based models to investigate spatial‐temporal dynamics and relationships of a portfolio of ecosystem services. Here, we simulated nine ecosystem services (three provisioning and six regulating services) at 220 × 220 m from 2010 to 2070 under four contrasting scenarios in the 1,345‐km2 Yahara Watershed (Wisconsin, USA) using Agro‐IBIS, a dynamic model of terrestrial ecosystem processes, biogeochemistry, water, and energy balance. We asked (1) How does ecosystem service supply vary among alternative future scenarios? (2) Where on the landscape is the provision of ecosystem services most susceptible to future social‐ecological changes? (3) Among alternative future scenarios, are relationships (i.e., trade‐offs, synergies) among food production, water, and biogeochemical services consistent over time? Our results showed that food production varied substantially with future land‐use choices and management, and its trade‐offs with water quality and soil retention persisted under most scenarios. However, pathways to mitigate or even reverse such trade‐offs through technological advances and sustainable agricultural practices were apparent. Consistent relationships among regulating services were identified across scenarios (e.g., trade‐offs of freshwater supply vs. flood and climate regulation, and synergies among water quality, soil retention, and climate regulation), suggesting opportunities and challenges to sustaining these services. In particular, proactive land‐use changes and management may buffer water quality against undesirable future climate changes, but changing climate may overwhelm management efforts to sustain freshwater supply and flood regulation. Spatially, changes in ecosystem services were heterogeneous across the landscape, underscoring the power of local actions and fine‐scale management. Our research highlights the value of embracing spatial and temporal perspectives in managing ecosystem services and their complex interactions, and provides a system‐level understanding for achieving sustainability of the food–water–climate nexus in agricultural landscapes.
The contrasting effect of biocrusts on shallow‐rooted perennial plants (hemicryptophytes): Increasing mortality (through evaporation) or survival (through runoff)
Authors: Kidron Giora J. , Aloni Irith 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effect of biocrusts on plants is ambiguous. At the Nizzana research site (Negev Desert, Israel), frequent droughts in the last 2 decades resulted in high shrub mortality, which has been explained by the negative effect of the low‐albedo crusts on soil water evaporation. Nevertheless, shallow‐rooted perennial plants, such as Stipagrostis plumosa and Cyperus sp., exhibit relatively little mortality. We hypothesized that these hemicryptophytes (HCs) grow at or adjacent to small 2‐ to 4‐m2 depressions (termed IDDEP) in the interdune (ID), which are scattered within the undulating terrain (termed IDINC) of ID, and as previously found, serve as sink for short‐distance runoff from IDINC to IDDEP. To test this, we randomly demarcated 50 5 × 5 m plots in the ID and semistable uncrusted dune crest (CR), and the cover of live HCs in the three habitats CR, IDINC, and IDDEP were monitored. In addition, the available water content (AWC) for the 0‐ to 80‐cm depth was measured during 2012–2014. Although AWC exhibited a clear pattern with IDDEP > CR > IDINC, HCs were almost absent from IDINC (above ground biomass of 0.3 kg/ha) but relatively high in IDDEP (55.3 kg/ha) and CR (113.0 kg/ha). The high biomass at CR and IDDEP is explained by higher AWC due to lower evaporation or runoff addition, respectively. The findings highlight the contrasting role played by the biocrust: Although responsible for the mortality of most perennials at IDINC due to increased evaporation, biocrusts assist the survival of relatively shallow‐rooted perennials at IDDEP through runoff generation.
Shrub patch configuration in relation to precipitation and soil properties in Northwest China
Authors: Fan Ying , Li Xiao‐Yan , Huang Yong‐Mei , Li Liu , Zhang Jing‐Hui , Liu Qi , Jiang Zhi‐Yun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractShrub patch configuration is a long‐term evolutionary response to several environmental drivers and an equilibrium state in species competition. However, the variance in configuration along the precipitation gradient and its association with climate, soil, and adjacent vegetation remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess the variation of shrub patch configuration along a climatic gradient and the factors that affect shrub patch configuration, on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of Northwest China. Results showed that climate, soil, and vegetation contributed to 72.9% of the variance in shrub patch configuration. Interestingly, interspace/shrub radius ratio showed a decreasing trend with increasing precipitation transect. Patch size was positively correlated with aboveground biomass of interspace grass. Shrubs generally aggregated in high patches with low density on coarse soil texture, and vice versa. Moreover, shrub patches tended to occupy a larger percentage of landscape with increasing rainfall. To our knowledge, our study provides the first quantification of the effects of climate, soil, and vegetation on shrub patch configuration along a precipitation gradient in Northwest China and may contribute to a better understanding of the structure and functions of shrub ecosystems with a broader ecological application in arid and semiarid regions.
Changes in Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Short and Long‐Lived Veiled (Cloudy) Virgin Olive Oil Upon Storage in the Dark
Authors: Zullo Biagi A. , Ciafardini Gino 
Published: September 2017

Veiled (cloudy) virgin olive oil is an intermediate state before sedimentation of unfiltered newly produced olive oil. Despite growing consumer interest in unfiltered veiled virgin olive oil, one of the key factors limiting wider distribution is its low physical stability. The present research describes the production of long‐lived veiled virgin olive oil generated in a new storage system to prevent the rapid sedimentation of unfiltered olive oils. Chemical and microbiological analyses were conducted with three short‐lived (3–5 months) and three long‐lived (1 year) veiled virgin olive oils that contained different concentrations of polar phenolic compounds. The best results were demonstrated in both veiled olive oils types when the polar phenolic compounds content was greater than 130 mg caffeic acid equivalent per kg. The solid particles (98%) present in the short‐lived virgin veiled oil settled onto the bottom of the canisters, producing sediments, during storage for 6 months; while only 2–6% settled in the long‐lived veiled oil. The microbial activity was higher in both types of veiled virgin oil of low polar phenols content decreasing the quality of the product in the short‐lived veiled oil.Practical Applications: Unfiltered veiled virgin olive oils are gaining popularity among some chefs and consumers, who judge the opalescent appearance as an indicator of higher wholesomeness. Presently, large‐scale production is prevented because it does not meet the expectations of consumers seeking a stable product, since, due to the sedimentation process, the opalescence usually disappears after the first weeks or months of storage. In this research, we evaluated a new storage system capable of preventing the rapid sedimentation of veiled virgin olive oils, extending the opalescence life from 3 to 6 months to approximately 1 year. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters, were assessed for three short‐lived and long‐lived veiled virgin olive oils. The best results were found for oils containing higher concentration of total polar phenolic compounds.The opalescent aspect of veiled olive oil disappears with sedimentation during the first 6 months. A new storage system capable of prevent the rapid sedimentation of unfiltered olive oil, generates the production of long‐lived veiled olive oil in which the opalescence life is extended from 3 to 6 months to approximately 1 year. Physicochemical and microbiological studies demonstrate that the oil quality is compromised primarily in the short‐lived veiled olive oil with the lowest total polyphenols content.
Comparison of a polymeric pseudostationary phase in EKC with ODS stationary phase in RP‐HPLC
Authors: Ni Xinjiong , Zhang Min , Xing Xiaoping , Cao Yuhua , Cao Guangqun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPoly(stearyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (P(SMA‐co‐MAA)) was induced as pseudostationary phase (PSP) in electrokinetic chromatography (EKC). The n‐octadecyl groups in SMA were the same as that in octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 column. Thus, the present work focused on the comparison of selectivity between polymeric PSP and ODS stationary phase (SP), and the effect of organic modifiers on the selectivity of polymeric PSP and ODS SP. 1‐butanol could directly interacted with PSP as a Class I modifier, and improved both of the methylene selectivity and polar group selectivity. When the analysis times were similar, the polymeric PSP exhibited better methylene selectivity and polar group selectivity. Although the hydrophobic groups were similar, the substituted benzenes elution order was different between polymeric PSP and ODS SP. Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) model analysis found that polymeric PSP and ODS SP exhibited two same key factors in selectivity: hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding acidity. But polymeric PSP exhibited relatively strong n‐ and π‐electrons interaction to the analytes.
A comparison of waiting times for assessment and epilepsy surgery between a Canadian and a Mexican referral center
Authors: Martínez‐Juárez Iris E. , Funes Bianca , Moreno‐Castellanos Julio C. , Bribiesca‐Contreras Elisa , Martínez‐Bustos Verónica , Zertuche‐Ortuño Lizeth , Hernández‐Vanegas Laura E. , Ronquillo Lizbeth Hernandez , Rizvi Syed , Adam Wu , Tellez‐Zenteno Jose F. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive transnational overview of wait times for epilepsy surgery in Canada and Mexico.MethodsWe reviewed all cases referred for epilepsy surgery between 2007 and 2015 at the Saskatchewan Epilepsy Program Royal University Hospital (SEP) (n = 70; Saskatoon, Canada) and the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) (n = 76; Mexico City, Mexico) and compared wait times, calculated as the time from diagnosis of epilepsy on assessment at an epilepsy center to epilepsy surgery.ResultsMean wait times were similar across centers. Mean patient age was 37.4 ± 9 years (NINN) and 36.7 ± 13.2 years (SEP). The mean time from epilepsy diagnosis to referral was 18.9 (NINN) and 16.9 years (SEP), p = 0.30; first consult with the epileptologist, 19.7 (NINN) and 17.4 years (p = 0.23); neuropsychology consult, 21.4 (NINN) and 17.9 years (SEP); video electroencephalogram (video‐EEG) telemetry, 21.1 (NINN) and 18.6 months (SEP); initial neurosurgical consult, 21.9 (NINN) and 19.1 years (SEP) (p = 0.35); and epilepsy surgery, 19.7 (NINN) and 19.6 years (SEP) (p = 0.29).SignificanceThis is the first study to compare wait times between Canada and Mexico. Despite disparity in their health delivery systems and financial resources, surgical wait times appeared to be protracted in both nations, confirming that delayed treatment is a universal problem that requires collaborative scrutiny.