bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Chiral Nanostructures as Scaffolds for Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Jiang Jian , Ouyang Guanghui , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe asymmetric reaction is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis. While a large number of efficient molecular catalysts have been developed and applied, recently, supramolecular and nanostructured catalysts have been attracting interest. In this Minireview, we focus on self‐assembled chiral nanostructures and review their possibility and feasibility as enantioselective catalysts. The design concept and the requirement of the chiral scaffold as the catalysts are discussed. Based on the chirality and catalytic performance of the building molecules and the supramolecular nanostructures, the nanocatalyst is divided into chiral nanostructure driven (CND) and chiral nanostructure enhanced (CNE) enantioselective catalysts. Then, several typical self‐assembled chiral nanostructures such as nanocages, nanotubes, nanorods, micelles and vesicles are selected as the chiral scaffold and their catalytic behaviors for the asymmetric reactions were demonstrated. Finally, the future developments of the field are also discussed.
Is CuII Coordinated to Patellamides inside Prochloron Cells?
Authors: Comba Peter , Eisenschmidt Annika , Gahan Lawrence R. , Herten Dirk‐Peter , Nette Geoffrey , Schenk Gerhard , Seefeld Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDinuclear CuII–patellamide complexes (patellamides are naturally occurring cyclic pseudo‐octapeptides) are known to be efficient catalysts for hydrolysis reactions of biological importance, for example, those of phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, and glycosidase. However, the biological role of patellamides is still unknown. Patellamides were originally extracted from the sea squirt Lissoclinum patella, but are now known to be ribosomally expressed by the blue‐green algae Prochloron that live in symbiosis with L. patella. In a further step to unravel the metabolic significance of the patellamide complexes, the question as to whether these are also formed inside Prochloron cells is addressed. In this study, a biocompatible patellamide–fluorescent dye conjugate has been introduced into living Prochloron cells and, by means of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, it is shown that CuII ions are coordinated to patellamides in vivo.
Boron‐Doped Polygonal Carbon Nano‐Onions: Synthesis and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Mykhailiv Olena , Brzezinski Krzysztof , Sulikowski Bogdan , Olejniczak Zbigniew , Gras Malgorzata , Lota Grzegorz , Molina‐Ontoria Agustin , Jakubczyk Michal , Echegoyen Luis , Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDoping of carbon nanostructures with heteroatoms, such as boron or nitrogen, is one of the most effective ways to change their properties to make them suitable for various applications. Carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) doped with boron (B‐CNOs) were prepared by annealing (1650 °C) nanodiamond particles (NDs) under an inert He atmosphere in the presence of B. Their physicochemical properties were measured using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 10B and 11B solid‐state magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, porosimetry, and differential‐thermogravimetric analyses (TGA‐DTG). These properties were systematically discussed for the undoped and B‐doped CNO samples. The amount of substitutional B in the CNO samples varied from 0.76 to 3.21 at. %. The TEM, XRD, and Raman analyses revealed that the increased amount of B doping resulted in decreased interlayer spacing and polygonization of the structures, which in turn led to their unusual physicochemical properties. All synthesized materials were tested as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors. The B‐CNOs with low concentration of doping agent exhibited higher reversible capacitances, mainly owing to the formation of hydrophilic polygonal nanostructures and higher porosity.
Benzylphenylpyrrolizinones with Anti‐amyloid and Radical Scavenging Effects, Potentially Useful in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Jourdan Jean‐Pierre , Since Marc , El Kihel Laïla , Lecoutey Cédric , Corvaisier Sophie , Legay Rémi , Sopková‐de Oliveira Santos Jana , Cresteil Thierry , Malzert‐Fréon Aurélie , Rochais Christophe , Dallemagne Patrick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHerein we describe the drug design steps developed to increase the radical scavenging and β‐amyloid aggregation inhibitory activities of a previously described series of benzylidenephenylpyrrolizinones. Among the newly synthesized derivatives, some benzylphenylpyrrolizinones exhibited interesting results in regard to those activities. Initial druggability parameters were measured, and suggest these compounds as a suitable starting point for potential alternatives in treating Alzheimer's disease.
Afferent and efferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus with special reference to circuits involving the habenula and raphe nuclei
Authors: Lima Leandro B. , Bueno Debora , Leite Fernanda , Souza Stefani , Gonçalves Luciano , Furigo Isadora C. , Donato Jose , Metzger Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe habenula is an epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). Recently, MHb together with its primary target, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP), have been identified as major players in mediating the aversive effects of nicotine. However, structures downstream of the MHb‐IP axis, including the median (MnR) and caudal dorsal raphe nucleus (DRC), may contribute to the behavioral effects of nicotine. The afferent and efferent connections of the IP have hitherto not been systematically investigated with sensitive tracers. Thus, we placed injections of retrograde or anterograde tracers into different IP subdivisions or the MnR and additionally examined the transmitter phenotype of major IP and MnR afferents by combining retrograde tract tracing with immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization techniques. Besides receiving inputs from MHb and also LHb, we found that IP is reciprocally interconnected mainly with midline structures, including the MnR/DRC, nucleus incertus, supramammillary nucleus, septum, and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The bidirectional connections between IP and MnR proved to be primarily GABAergic. Regarding a possible topography of IP outputs, all IP subnuclei gave rise to descending projections, whereas major ascending projections, including focal projections to ventral hippocampus, ventrolateral septum, and LHb originated from the dorsocaudal IP. Our findings indicate that IP is closely associated to a distributed network of midline structures that modulate hippocampal theta activity and forms a node linking MHb and LHb with this network, and the hippocampus. Moreover, they support a cardinal role of GABAergic IP/MnR interconnections in the behavioral response to nicotine.
A DNA Logic Gate Automaton for Detection of Rabies and Other Lyssaviruses
Authors: Vijayakumar Pavithra , Macdonald Joanne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImmediate activation of biosensors is not always desirable, particularly if activation is due to non‐specific interactions. Here we demonstrate the use of deoxyribozyme‐based logic gate networks arranged into visual displays to precisely control activation of biosensors, and demonstrate a prototype molecular automaton able to discriminate between seven different genotypes of Lyssaviruses, including Rabies virus. The device uses novel mixed‐base logic gates to enable detection of the large diversity of Lyssavirus sequence populations, while an ANDNOT logic gate prevents non‐specific activation across genotypes. The resultant device provides a user‐friendly digital‐like, but molecule‐powered, dot‐matrix text output for unequivocal results read‐out that is highly relevant for point of care applications.
Return of the lysergamides. Part III: Analytical characterization of N6‐ethyl‐6‐norlysergic acid diethylamide (ETH‐LAD) and 1‐propionyl ETH‐LAD (1P–ETH‐LAD)
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Westphal Folker , Elliott Simon P. , Wallach Jason , Stratford Alexander , Nichols David E. , Halberstadt Adam L. 
Published: March 2017

The psychoactive properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have fascinated scientists across disciplines and the exploration of other analogues and derivatives has been motivated by deepening the understanding of ligand‐receptor interactions at the molecular level as well as by the search for new therapeutics. Several LSD congeners have appeared on the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market in the form of blotters or powders. Examples include 1‐propionyl‐LSD (1P–LSD), AL‐LAD, and LSZ. The absence of analytical data for novel compounds is a frequent challenge encountered in clinical and toxicological investigations. Two newly emerging lysergamides, namely N6‐ethyl‐6‐norlysergic acid diethylamide (ETH‐LAD) and 1P–ETH‐LAD, were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), low and high mass accuracy electrospray MS(/MS), GC solid‐state infrared analysis, high performance liquid chromatography diode array detection as well as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Limited analytical data for ETH‐LAD were previously available, whereas information about 1P–ETH‐LAD has not previously been encountered in the scientific literature. This study extends the characterization of lysergamides distributed on the NPS market, which will help to make analytical data available to clinicians, toxicologists, and other stakeholders who are likely to encounter these substances. The analysis of a test incubation of 1P–ETH‐LAD with human serum at 37°C by LC single quadrupole MS at various time points (0–6 h, once per hour and one measurement after 24 h) revealed the formation of ETH‐LAD, suggesting that 1P–ETH‐LAD might serve as a pro‐drug. 1P–ETH‐LAD was still detectable in serum after 24 h. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydraulic complexity at a large river confluence in the Amazon basin
Authors: Gualtieri C. , Ianniruberto M. , Filizola N. , Santos R. , Endreny T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractConfluences are a classic feature in riverine networks with important ecological and morphological functions. A method to characterize the hydraulic complexity of a river based on velocity gradients was applied, for high and low flow conditions, to the Negro and Solimões Rivers confluence in the Amazon basin. The applied metrics M1 and M2 approximate the drag forces imposed on aquatic organisms moving between 2 locations and may identify potential habitat zones and edges. Metric M2 corresponded best with the hydraulic and morphological patterns in the confluence hydrodynamic zone, with the largest M2 values in the entrance of the confluence, centered at the mixing interface, and M2 values generally decaying laterally toward the banks and longitudinally with downstream distance. Seasonal decreases in discharge magnitude in the Amazon, and decreases in discharge between other river basins analyzed in this study, led to increases in hydraulic complexity metric M2. The hydraulic complexity metrics can characterize some aspects of habitat heterogeneity and contribute to an explanation for observations of increased species richness at Amazon basin confluences and the larger ecological patterns of diversity increasing at nodes in riverine networks.
Proposal of Wide‐Area Sensing in Wireless Charging System via Magnetic Resonance Coupling
Authors: NAMIKI MASATO , NAKAMURA SOUSUKE , HASHIMOTO HIDEKI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYRecently, wireless charging via magnetic resonance coupling has gained attention because it has the potential of efficient midrange wireless charging. Here, functions such as sensing at the transmitter and wireless communication from the target are the essential elements to realize a standard wireless charging system. Currently, the sensing and communication protocol of the hardware (i.e., the high‐frequency power source and antenna configuration) compatible with wireless charging is gaining attention in terms of its cost and space reduction due to the use of common components for multiple functions. However, this protocol has the problem of narrow effective areas due to the fact that the sensing range depends on the fixed Q factor of the antenna. To overcome this problem, the concept of wide‐area sensing based on a Q controllable antenna is proposed, and the effectiveness is verified through a theoretical analysis and an experiment. As a result, it is clarified that the effective area can be expanded up to a ratio of the distance g between the transmitting and receiving antennas to the inner diameter d of the antenna g/d = 5.0.
Alleviation Technique for Thermal Concentration on Specific Switching Devices in Zero‐Speed Driving of PMSM
Authors: AYANO HIDEKI , ASAI KYOTA , MATSUI YOSHIHIRO 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, a technique is proposed for alleviating the thermal concentration on specific switching devices by using a zero‐sequence voltage in a three‐level inverter that drives a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a zero‐speed and high‐torque condition. The use of the PMSM in home electronics and industrial products has become widespread, since it can realize miniaturization and a high efficiency drive. However, a large DC current flows when the PMSM is used in a zero‐speed and high‐torque condition, for example, in the hill‐start of electric vehicles, start or stop of elevators, or servo lock of servo pressing machines, and so on. In these cases, the current flows in the specific switching devices and heat generation is locally concentrated. This problem is unavoidable in a conventional two‐level inverter. A technique that can change the current path in a three‐level inverter and control the losses generated in the switching devices is proposed. We evaluated the effects of the proposed technique through a circuit simulation in which the electrical characteristics of a commercially available power device were applied. The proposed technique can reduce the highest loss of the switching devices in the three‐level inverter by about 40% as compared to that in a conventional inverter. Moreover, a method is proposed that suppresses the neutral point potential variation between the power supplies. This method can also reduce the maximum loss of the specific switching devices by about 30%.
Low‐Voltage‐Ride‐Through Performance of an HVDC Transmission System Using Two Modular Multilevel Double‐Star Chopper‐Cells Converters
Authors: OGUMA KOTA , AKAGI HIROFUMI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents an intensive discussion on a long‐distance high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) transmission system that combines two modular multilevel cascade converters based on double‐star chopper cells (MMCC‐DSCC) with DC power cables. Hereinafter, a single MMCC‐DSCC is referred to as a DSCC converter or just as a DSCC for the sake of simplicity. The HVDC transmission system is required to provide low‐voltage‐ride‐through (LVRT) capability to enhance transmission system availability. This paper proposes a new LVRT method without any direct information exchange between the two DSCC converters. The validity of the method is verified, using simulated waveforms from the software package of “PSCAD/EMTDC” and experimental waveforms from a three‐phase 200‐V, 400‐Vdc, 10‐kW, 50‐Hz downscaled HVDC system with a set of 300‐meter‐long DC power cables.
New Simple High‐Quality Torque Control for Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors: Compensating for Torque Ripple Caused by Nonsinusoidal Back EMF
Authors: SEKINO SHINGO , SHINNAKA SHINJI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new and simple torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with nonsinusoidal back EMF. The method suppresses the sixth and/or 12th harmonic torque ripples caused by the back EMF in a feedforward manner even at high speeds; it consists of two subordinate methods for compensation command generation and command‐tracking current control. The first subordinate method generates compensation current commands to cancel the torque ripples based on a mathematical model of PMSMs. The second method controls the stator current to track a current command containing both fundamental and compensatory components. In conjunction with the current control, a dedicated disturbance observer that employs a digital speed‐varying band‐pass filter as a disturbance filter is also proposed. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method were verified through extensive experiments.
Migration time shift of analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography induced by stacking
Authors: Dziomba Szymon , Ciura Krzesimir , Markuszewski Michał J. , Wielgomas Bartosz 
Published: March 2017

A significant shift of migration time of nonretained compounds (ascorbic acid and cysteine) in micellar electrokinetic chromatography was observed under variation of sample matrix composition. The shift was affected by borate buffer concentration in sample matrix, sample injection time, and pH of BGE (80 mM SDS, Tris/HCl). Surprisingly, longer migration time of analyte was recorded at higher pH of separation buffer. These observations were linked to transient isotachophoresis process. Computer simulation with Simul5 software was conducted to support this hypothesis. The manuscript documents rarely reported in the literature phenomenon of isotachophoresis in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The analytical potential of described observations was also discussed.
Removal of organic and inorganic substances from industry wastewaters using modified aluminosilicate‐based polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Velu S. , Arthanareeswaran G. , Lade Harshad 
Published: March 2017

Membrane separation processes are attracting increasing interest for the treatment of industrial wastewaters owing to its high organic and inorganic content removal efficiency and material stability. Herein, we have presented an approach to modify polyethersulfone (PES) membrane using aluminosilicate particles (ASPs) for high permeability and separation performance against tannery and distillery wastewater. PES:ASPs ultrafiltration membrane was developed by phase inversion technique at different weight ratios of 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 of PES:ASPs. The functional groups and hydrophilicity were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle, respectively. The modified membranes displayed improved wastewater permeability and higher flux compared to the neat PES membrane. The moderate removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates from tannery and distillery wastewaters were attained for all ASPs‐based PES membranes. In the case of tannery effluent treatment, high BOD reduction of 92% was observed for 80:20 weight ratio of PES:ASPs membrane and 75% BOD reduction for the pure PES membrane. The sulfides removal was 2.21 mg L−1 for 90:10 weight ratio of PES:ASPs membrane when compared with the initial quantity of 42 mg L−1 distillery wastewater. The PES:ASPs membrane with 80:20 weight ratios presented the best COD and BOD removal performance. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1612–1620, 2017
Genetic effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the structural covariance network and white‐matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chang Yu‐Tzu , Hsu Shih‐Wei , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Chang Ya‐Ting , Huang Chi‐Wei , Liu Mu‐En , Chen Nai‐Ching , Chang Wen‐Neng , Hsu Jung‐Lung , Lee Chen‐Chang , Chang Chiung‐Chih 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe 677 C to T transition in the MTHFR gene is a genetic determinant for hyperhomocysteinemia. We investigated whether this polymorphism modulates gray matter (GM) structural covariance networks independently of white‐matter integrity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). GM structural covariance networks were constructed by 3D T1‐magnetic resonance imaging and seed‐based analysis. The patients were divided into two genotype groups: C homozygotes (n = 73) and T carriers (n = 62). Using diffusion tensor imaging and white‐matter parcellation, 11 fiber bundle integrities were compared between the two genotype groups. Cognitive test scores were the major outcome factors. The T carriers had higher homocysteine levels, lower posterior cingulate cortex GM volume, and more clusters in the dorsal medial lobe subsystem showing stronger covariance strength. Both posterior cingulate cortex seed and interconnected peak cluster volumes predicted cognitive test scores, especially in the T carriers. There were no between‐group differences in fiber tract diffusion parameters. The MTHFR 677T polymorphism modulates posterior cingulate cortex‐anchored structural covariance strength independently of white matter integrities. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3039–3051, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published Wiley by Periodicals, Inc.
Neural decoding of visual stimuli varies with fluctuations in global network efficiency
Authors: Cocchi Luca , Yang Zhengyi , Zalesky Andrew , Stelzer Johannes , Hearne Luke J. , Gollo Leonardo L. , Mattingley Jason B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that neural activity fluctuates spontaneously between different states of global synchronization over a timescale of several seconds. Such fluctuations generate transient states of high and low correlation across distributed cortical areas. It has been hypothesized that such fluctuations in global efficiency might alter patterns of activity in local neuronal populations elicited by changes in incoming sensory stimuli. To test this prediction, we used a linear decoder to discriminate patterns of neural activity elicited by face and motion stimuli presented periodically while participants underwent time‐resolved fMRI. As predicted, decoding was reliably higher during states of high global efficiency than during states of low efficiency, and this difference was evident across both visual and nonvisual cortical regions. The results indicate that slow fluctuations in global network efficiency are associated with variations in the pattern of activity across widespread cortical regions responsible for representing distinct categories of visual stimulus. More broadly, the findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of global fluctuations in functional connectivity on specialized, stimulus driven neural processes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3069–3080, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.