bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding of a negative bowel screening result and potential impact on future symptom appraisal and help‐seeking behaviour: a focus group study
Authors: Barnett Karen N. , Weller David , Smith Steve , Orbell Sheina , Vedsted Peter , Steele Robert J. C. , Melia Jane W. , Moss Sue M. , Patnick Julietta , Campbell Christine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a faecal occult blood test (FOBt) has the potential to reduce cancer‐related mortality. Symptom vigilance remains crucial as a proportion of cancers will be diagnosed between screening rounds. A negative FOBt has the potential to influence how participants respond to future symptoms of CRC.ObjectiveTo explore (i) understanding of a negative FOBt and (ii) the potential impact of a negative FOBt upon future symptom appraisal and help‐seeking behaviour.DesignQualitative methodology utilizing focus groups with participants who received a negative FOBt within the National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in Coventry and Lothian. Topics explored included: experience of screening participation, interpretation and understanding of a negative result, symptom awareness and attitudes towards help‐seeking.ResultsFour broad themes were identified: (i) emotional response to a negative FOBt, (ii) understanding the limitations of FOBt screening, (iii) symptom knowledge and interpretation and (iv) over‐reassurance from a negative FOBt. Participants were reassured by a negative FOBt, but there was variability in the extent to which the result was interpreted as an “all clear”. Some participants acknowledged the residual risk of cancer and the temporal characteristic of the result, while others were surprised that the result was not a guarantee that they did not have cancer.Discussion and conclusionsParticipants recognized that reassurance from a negative FOBt could lead to a short‐term delay in help‐seeking if symptoms developed. Screening programmes should seek to emphasize the importance of the temporal nature of FOBt results with key messages about symptom recognition and prompt help‐seeking behaviour.
Unions and the economic basis of attitudes
Authors: Bryson Alex , White Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnions make differences to employee satisfaction that correspond to their effects on individual economic advantage. Panel data reveal how changes in economic circumstance and changes in job satisfaction are linked to changes in union coverage. When individuals move into a union covered job they receive a wage mark‐up and express enhanced pay satisfaction. Conversely, those moving from a union covered job on average lose any mark‐up and have significantly reduced satisfaction. Similar findings emerge for working hours. On average individuals prefer shorter hours, something they tend (not) to achieve on moving (out of) into a unionised job, resulting in higher (lower) satisfaction. Switching into union coverage lowers satisfaction with job security, even though coverage has no effect on the risk of unemployment. This is because covered employees suffer greater costs of re‐employment for a given level of unemployment risk, partly because of loss of the union mark‐up.
Renal pathology in patients with occupational exposure to carbon disulphide: A case series
Authors: Ou Santao , He Hongyan , Qu Li , Wu Weihua , Gan Linwang , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimCarbon disulphide (CS2) is widely used as an organic solvent. However, there is little information available regarding the clinical manifestations and the pathological features of kidney injury caused by CS2. The current study aimed to describe the renal manifestations of a group of patients with long‐term occupational exposure to CS2.MethodsTen patients with long‐term exposure to CS2 and visiting a single centre were enrolled, with their clinical features recorded. Renal biopsies were taken from all patients, and their pathological findings were documented.ResultsAll patients came from the same chemical fibre factory. Their mean age at enrollment was 36.9 ± 2.4 years, and each patient had a CS2 exposure duration exceeding 10 years. Eight patients (80%) presented with proteinuria and none had hematuria. Two patients (20%) had underlying hypertension and five (50%) had increased serum creatinine levels. Light microscopic examination of their renal biopsy specimens revealed diffuse mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial hyperplasia in all patients. Moreover, three patients (30%) had nodular hyperplasia, resembling the lesions of diabetic nephropathy. Variable degrees of tubular atrophy and interstitial infiltrations of lymphocytes and monocytes were observed in all patients. Similarly, lectron microscopic examination showed glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial hyperplasia. Immunopathological staining for IgA and IgG, complements or hepatitis B markers (hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen‐antibody) are negative in all patients.ConclusionLong‐term occupational exposure to CS2 may be associated with renal injury, although the renal pathological features are often non‐specific.
Ischemic Stroke Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Pilot Markeith , Song Christopher , Blum Christina A. , Yakhkind Aleksandra , Silver Brian , Furie Karen L. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Sherzai Dean , Sherzai Ayesha Z. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Prior studies show an increased risk of ischemic stroke (
IS
) after myocardial infarction; however, there is limited evidence on long‐term risk and whether it is directly related to cardiac injury. We hypothesized that the risk of
IS
after acute coronary syndrome is significantly higher if there is evidence of cardiac injury, such as ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) or non‐
STEMI
, than when there is no evidence of cardiac injury, such as in unstable angina.

Methods and Results

Administrative claims data were obtained from all emergency department encounters and hospitalizations at California's nonfederal acute care hospitals between 2008 and 2011. Patients with
STEMI
, non‐STEMI, and unstable angina were identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The primary outcome was
IS
during 2 years of follow‐up. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between acute coronary syndrome subtype and
IS
risk. We identified 73 059 patients with a diagnosis of
STEMI
(n=26 427), non‐STEMI (n=39 833), or unstable angina (n=6819) during the study period. In the fully adjusted models that included potential confounders such as atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, the risk of IS was higher with
STEMI
(hazard ratio 4.17, 95%
CI
3.00–5.83;
P
<0.001) and non‐STEMI (hazard ratio 3.73, 95%
CI
2.68–5.19,
P
<0.001) compared with unstable angina.

Conclusions

Non‐STEMI and
STEMI
confer an equally increased risk of
IS
. Studies exploring IS mechanisms in cardiac patients are needed to improve and tailor stroke prevention strategies.
The Missing Link between Terrain-Induced Potential Vorticity Banners and Banded Convection
Authors: Siedersleben Simon K. , Gohm Alexander 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOn 1 February 2014, the southern side of the Alps was affected by a severe snowstorm that forced authorities to issue the highest level of avalanche danger in southern parts of Austria. The northern side of the Alps was mostly dry. Nevertheless, radar imagery captured the evolution of quasi-steady convective cloud bands over the northern Alpine foreland with a remarkable length of up to 300 km. This study illuminates the processes that generated these cloud bands based on numerical simulations. The storm was associated with a deep large-scale trough that caused strong southwesterly cross-Alpine flow, orographic precipitation on the southern side, and foehnlike subsidence on the northern side of the Alps. Orographic potential vorticity (PV) banners developed at small-scale topographic features embedded in the Alps and extended downstream over the northern Alpine foreland. Convective cloud bands were aligned parallel to these PV banners. They formed in an environment of inertial instability (negative absolute vorticity) and conditional instability. Sensitivity experiments reveal that the structure and size of these cloud bands are strongly sensitive to the small-scale terrain roughness. Removing small-scale topographic features suppresses the formation of orographic vorticity banners, which in turn suppresses the development of cloud bands. These results suggest that the release of inertial instability at negative orographic vorticity banners was crucial for establishing circulations and associated uplift that triggered conditional instability. To summarize, inertial instability was most likely responsible for the banded structure and conditional instability for the convective nature of these cloud bands.
Design and baseline characteristics of the ParkFit study, a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a multifaceted behavioral program to increase physical activity in Parkinson patients
Authors: van Nimwegen Marlies , Speelman Arlène D , Smulders Katrijn , Overeem Sebastiaan , Borm George F , Backx Frank JG , Bloem Bastiaan R , Munneke Marten ,   ParkFit study group
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) lead a sedentary lifestyle. Promotion of physical activities may beneficially affect the clinical presentation of PD, and perhaps even modify the course of PD. However, because of physical and cognitive impairments, patients with PD require specific support to increase their level of physical activity.

Methods
We developed the ParkFit Program: a PD-specific and multifaceted behavioral program to promote physical activity. The emphasis is on creating a behavioral change, using a combination of accepted behavioral motivation techniques. In addition, we designed a multicentre randomized clinical trial to investigate whether this ParkFit Program increases physical activity levels over two years in sedentary PD patients. We intended to include 700 sedentary patients. Primary endpoint is the time spent on physical activities per week, which will be measured every six months using an interview-based 7-day recall.

Results
In total 3453 PD patients were invited to participate. Ultimately, 586 patients - with a mean (SD) age of 64.1 (7.6) years and disease duration of 5.3 (4.5) years - entered the study. Study participants were younger, had a shorter disease duration and were less sedentary compared with eligible PD patients not willing to participate.

Discussion
The ParkFit trial is expected to yield important new evidence about behavioral interventions to promote physical activity in sedentary patients with PD. The results of the trial are expected in 2012.

Trial registration

http://clinicaltrials.gov (nr NCT00748488).
Microwave Specific Effect on Catalyticatropo-Enantioselective Ring-Opening Reaction of Biaryl Lactones
Authors: Tashima Shigeki , Nushiro Kazuya , Saito Kodai , Yamada Tohru 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe microwave specific effect on the catalytic atropo-enantioselective ring-opening reaction of biaryl lactones was investigated. Under strictly controlled temperature conditions, the reaction was accelerated by microwave irradiation without any loss of the enantioselectivity. Also, the racemization rate of the atropo-optically active biaryl lactone was enhanced by the microwave irradiation.
Cooperative Effect of Spacer and Lewis Base on Highly Reversible Spectral Changes of the Octaethylporphyrin Chromatic System in Sensitivity, Stability, and Visibility to Trifluoroacetic Acid
Authors: Kempe Hideto , Yamamoto Junya , Ishida Miki , Takahashi Nobutomo , Yoshino Junro , Hayashi Naoto , Higuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe diacetylene-group connected chromatic system of [octaethylporphyrin]-[spacer]-[Lewis base] triads (OEP-SPC-LB) was conclusively studied, in which a trigger-like interaction of the terminal LB with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) dramatically affects the inherent electronic properties of OEP. The 1H NMR, IR, and electronic absorption spectral properties of these OEP derivatives were examined, and were contemplated in view of a cooperative effect of SPC and LB on their OEP nucleus. Based on the results from this study, the structural elements for molecular design will be proposed in order to improve their reversible spectral changes between neutral and acidic media in terms of sensitivity, stability, and visibility to TFA.
Imitation in fashion: Further reflections on the work of Thorstein Veblen and Georg Simmel
Authors: Wild Benjamin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Imitation continues to play a significant role within the fashion industry, but not in the way that Thorstein Veblen and Georg Simmel, who wrote over 100 years ago, suggest. Increased inequality in incomes, the adoption of an ethics of labour over leisure, and the creation of celebrities within the music and movie industries, who appear proximate to a broad demographic of consumers, means the social elite are no longer the predominant trendsetters and exemplars of sartorial tastes. More fundamentally, globalization has reduced interpersonal connections and increased feelings of isolation within many individuals. Correlatively, periods of the past, which appear to offer security, stability and status, have become an increasingly important source of sartorial – and cultural – imitation, as evidenced by the growing popularity of retro and vintage clothing styles. An awareness of the role played by heritage and history in the consumption of fashion is therefore important for researchers in academia and industry.
Principles of Lust: A feminist porn perspective on contemporary macho, future of porn and its ever present influence on fashion and style
Authors: Khan Ali 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Erika Lust is a film-maker, writer and blogger based in Barcelona. Born in 1977 in Sweden, she studied political sciences, feminism and sexuality. Tired of chauvinistic and tacky mainstream porn, she burst into the adult film industry in 2004, with the indie short film The Good Girl – a Humorous Statement of Principles. The immediate success of this first attempt encouraged her to pursue a film career. Besides the XConfessions series, Erika has directed four multi-award winning features: Five Hot Stories For Her, Barcelona Sex Project, Life Love Lust and Cabaret Desire. Last year she gave her ‘It’s Time for Porn to Change’ talk at TEDxVienna, which gained her notoriety for her campaign to change porn. She defends the need of having women behind the camera in all key positions. Her female characters are sex-positive, powerful and active, and captured within films that embody sexually intelligent narratives with relatable characters and realistic hot sex.
Viel zu tun, wenig Zeit
Authors: Finsterwalder Sebastian , Latza Sina 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Aufgabe, vor der die NS-Raubgutforschung steht – die Erfassung, Verzeichnung und Restitution geraubter Bestände sowie die Publikation der Forschungsergebnisse – stellt enorme Anforderungen an die in den einzelnen Einrichtungen Forschenden. Die meist für einen knapp befristeten Zeitraum finanzierten Forschungsprojekte entwickeln im Ergebnis häufig pragmatische Insellösungen.
Am Beispiel der aus einer dieser Insellösungen weiter entwickelten Datenbank Looted Cultural Assets will der Aufsatz aufzeigen, wie Provenienzforschung in Einrichtungen, die vom Kulturgutraub im Nationalsozialismus profitiert haben, auf kooperativer Basis betrieben werden kann.
Bericht zur Tagung aus der Reihe Digitale Bibliothek: Vernetzte Welten
Authors: Bürgermeister Martina , Klug Helmut W. 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Tagung „Vernetzte Welten“ aus der Tagungsreihe „Digitale Bibliothek“ stellte die organisatorische und inhaltliche Kollaboration von Institutionen aus dem GLAM-Sektor in den thematischen Mittelpunkt: Referiert wurde u. a. über Metadaten und Pflege semantischer Datenstrukturen, Linked Open Data, Open Access und Nachnutzung von semantisch beschriebenen digitalen Objekten. Die Konferenz machte deutlich, dass hier eine bewusste Umorientierung stattgefunden hat, die das Öffnen der Institutionen und die Verbreitung und Vernetzung der kuratierten Objekte forciert.
Fatty acids and amino acids of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus grown on minimal and rich media
Authors: Gołębiowski Marek , Ostachowska Aleksandra , Paszkiewicz Monika , Boguś Mieczysława I. , Włóka Emilia , Ligęza-Żuber Marta , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEntomopathogenic fungi are referred to as potential candidates as insect pest control agents. The objective of the study was to identify fatty acids and amino acids from
Promotional effect of cobalt addition on catalytic performance of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxide for diesel soot combustion
Authors: Zhang Yan-Hua , Zhang Hai-Long , Cao Yi , Yang Yi , Xu Bao-Qiang , Zhao Ming , Gong Mao-Chu , Xu Hai-Di , Chen Yao-Qiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of Co-modified Ce
UV-induced reduction of Ag+ by diazene sulphonates: new method of metallisation of surfaces
Authors: Baranovicova Eva , Stasko Andrej , Nuyken Oskar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe metallisation of surfaces would be technologically very simple if it were possible to use the properties of the substances that decompose upon UV irradiation and produce species with a strong redox potential. In this work, diazene sulphonates are presented as possible reducing agents for Ag
Diuretic activity and toxicity study of the aqueous extract of Cola nitida seed on markers of renal function and electrolytes in rats
Authors: Nnemdi Ashibuogwu Mirian , Isaac Adeosun Olukayode , Ojo Akomolafe Rufus , Olaniyi Sanni Douglas , Sesan Olukiran Olaoluwa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background

Cola nitida is a plant, conventionally used in Africa in the treatment of various ailments such as migraine, morning sickness and indigestion. The aim of the present study was to explore the diuretic activity of the aqueous extract of C. nitida seed (AECONS) and alteration caused by its subchronic administration on the structure and function of the kidney of male Wistar rats.

Methods
The study was divided into diuretic and subchronic studies. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 140 and 180 g were divided into five groups of five rats each. The first 24 h of this study investigated the possible diuretic activity of C. nitida seed. Group I (the control) received 25 mL/kg of normal saline. Group II (the standard) received 20 mg/kg/day of furosemide. Groups III, IV, V received 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg/day of AECONS, respectively, and orally. Urine volume, pH, specific gravity and electrolytes were estimated in the samples of urine collected after 6 h of the study. From the second day onward and up to a period of 4 weeks, the rats in each group were given normal saline, furosemide and AECONS once daily as was done on the first day. At the end of the 4-week treatment period, blood and urine samples were collected for the determination of creatinine, urea, Na+, K+ and Cl− concentrations.

Results
The results of the diuretic study showed that the AECONS at all doses used and furosemide produced a significant increase in urine output with respect to the control group. AECONS also induced a significant increase in the urine concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl− in the experimental and standard groups when compared with the control group, except for group III which showed no significant variation in K+ concentration. In the subchronic study, AECONS caused a significant increase in the urine levels of Na+, K+, Cl− in the experimental and standard groups when compared with the control rats. The plasma Na+ concentration of groups IV and V was significantly lower than that of the control group. Photomicrographs of the kidneys of the experimental and standard groups revealed no significant alterations in the histology of their kidney tissues.

Conclusions
It is concluded that AECONS induced diuresis which is associated with increased Na+, K+ and Cl− loss in rats without any significant alteration in the structure of their kidneys.
Magnetic studies of 0.7(Fe2O3)/0.3(ZnO) nanocomposites in nanopowder form and dispersed in polymer matrix
Authors: Typek Janusz , Wardal Kamil , Zolnierkiewicz Grzegorz , Szymczyk Anna , Guskos Nikos , Narkiewicz Urszula , Piesowicz Elzbieta 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Magnetic properties of 0.7(Fe2O3)/0.3(ZnO) nanocomposite synthesized by traditional wet chemistry method and containing only two phases: ZnO (nonmagnetic) and ZnFe2O4 (magnetic, with nanocrystallites of average size 12 nm, but forming large agglomerates, up to 100 nm in size) were studied by DC magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The investigated nanocomposite was either in a form of nanopowder or dispersed at concentration of 0.1 wt.% in poly(ethylene naphthalate-block-tetramethylene oxide) PTMO-b-PEN polymer matrix. Similarities and differences in magnetic behavior of these two samples revealed by the study of static magnetization and FMR spectra have been discussed relative to different morphologies and the associated variation of interparticle interactions. Moreover, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the nanocomposite and the neat polymer have been studied by thermogravimetric method.
Investigation Into the Effects of the Thickness of a Hollow-Cylinder Soil Specimen on the Stress Distributions in Triaxial Torsional Shear Testing
Authors: Guo W.-L. , Zhu J.-G. , Yin J.-H. , Wen Y. F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To investigate the effect of the thickness of a hollow cylinder on the stress distributions in a torsional triaxial shear test of clay, an equation for calculating the circumferential shear stress on a cross section of the cyclider is derived based on a linear elastic constitutive model and elastic mechanics. The “stress error” parameter and “average stress error” parameters are defined to assess the non-uniformity of stresses. The parameter ranges are discussed for specimens with various thicknesses. Torsional triaxial shear testing of specimens with different thicknesses is simulated in using a three-dimensional finite-element method (3D FEM) with Duncan–Chang's non-linear elastic model. The results show that the circumferential shear stress non-uniformity increases with increasing thickness. The maximum, minimum and average “stress error” values are analyzed for commonly used specimen dimensions. When the soil's stress–strain is linear elastic, the “average stress error” is 12.8 % for an outer radius = 50 mm and a thickness = 20 mm and 9.0 % using Duncan–Chang's model. If the “average stress error” is limited to ≤ 10 %, the ratio of the inner radius over the outer radius is 0.68.