bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«RELICT FEELING»: HONESTY ACCORDING TO THE CORPUS LINGUISTICS DATA
Authors: Vorkachev S. G. 
Published: July 2016

Semantic structure, semantic evolution and specificity of speech usage of the lexical units “por’adochnoct’” (honesty) and “por’adochnyi chelovek” (honest man) are investigated on the material of the Russian National Corpus. It is established that: the moral category of honesty is ambiguous from the axiological point of view; the speech usage of the lexical units “honesty” and “honest man” suffers semantic shift and redistribution of semantic variants and appearance of speech tinge; those exponents can function in certain contexts as ideological words – as they change their axiological sign into the opposite one in the course of language user changing; the honesty psychological status remains sufficiently indefinite; separate “honesty factors” (integrity, veracity, fidelity, sincerity, fairness etc.) are verbalized in the honesty exponents speech usage; attributive extension of the names “honesty” and “honest man” give evidence of this moral quality gradual character; honesty possesses a hierarchy of certain obligatory and optional features
LEGAL DISCOURSE IN THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST PARADIGM (construction of interethnic relations)
Authors: Dubrovskaya T. V. 
Published: July 2016

The paper presents some results of the research that is aimed at revealing the mechanisms of discursive construction of international and interethnic relations in different types of discourse. The object of study in this fragment is the legal discourse, which is viewed within the paradigm of social constructionism. The author consolidates studies of law as discursive practice and outlines an appropriate methodological perspective, which presupposes the interpretation of legal discourse in social and axiological context, participation of society in legal-discursive practices, and the essential role of legal discourse in power relations. To perform the analysis of the ‘Strategy of State national policy of the Russian Federation’, the author applies the categories of social actor, implicature, specifying and vagueness, which are typically exploited in Critical Discourse Analysis. The results demonstrate that the document in question categorises the participants in interethnic relations and constructs a few pairs of interacting parties. The state is represented as a key actor in interethnic relations. The document also operates the discursively opposite mechanisms of specifying and vagueness to problematise certain aspects of the relations. Axiologically laden abstract categories and implicature also construct interethnic relations.
LINGUISTICS SEEKING SUBJECT
Authors: Zhanalina L. K. , Fot L. V. 
Published: July 2016

The paper provides a brief overview of the evolution of one of the main lines of inquiry into how linguistics perceives its subject. Its oscillations vary from abstract language modelling to attempts to comprehend its reality, supported by a transition from purely linguistic approaches to interdisciplinary ones. A broad conception of language, characteristic in the contemporary language studies, is demonstrated by development of an anthropocentric paradigm which is a foundation for integrative ideology. The latter strives to holistic representation of language and proliferates via multiplication of intra-linguistic integrative models as well as via interdisciplinary descriptions of language. Both have to combat limitations of scientific knowledge through their merger on the basis of integrative approaches. Among these, a high potential for language reality comprehension is demonstrated by K. Wilber, his AQAL model of conscience is universal and applicable to subjects from different fields of study, including that of language.
ON THE SO-CALLED “VINOKUR CRITERION”
Authors: Kretov A. A. 
Published: July 2016

The paper is devoted to the problem of direction of lexical derivation. The system methodology was used to describe the “Vinokur criterion”; it turned out that the criterion can not be used to identify the derivation direction. Also the existence of morphemes apocope technique in Russian derivation is refuted and the term interfix is replaced by epenthesis. It is suggested to use the quantity of morphemes instead of the “Vinokur criterion”: the derived stem is different from the stem of the same root in one additional terminal affix. As a result the morphemic analysis is defined as the first stage and the obligatory condition of the derivative analysis. If the “Vinokur criterion” is interpreted correctly, it can be used in lexicography to describe the semantics of derived words. It may also be the indicator of derived word de-etymologization. The problem of the direction of lexical derivation is also connected with the problem of words existence-inexistence in language and speech, with the problem of synchrony and diachrony of word-formation system and also with the necessity for differentiation of the systems of onims and appellatives and for consideration of each derivative as an element of the whole language system.
ORDINARY CONSCIOUSNESS: ITS BOUNDS AND FORMS OF SPEECH
Authors: Cherneyko L. O. 
Published: July 2016

The paper is devoted to the problem of two types of ordinary consciousness – metalinguistic and poetic. Selected by R. Jakobson, metalinguistic and poetic functions of the language are considered with a focus on speaking and listening that allows you to select “speaker metatexts” (“narrow” = “definitive” and “wide” = “evaluative” presented by reflexives) and “listener metatext”. Special attention is paid to such little-studied speech fact as "meta-apologies", for which there are no conventional rules. The paper also raises the problem of studying the metatext (particulary metaevaluations) in academic speech.
LEXICAL MEANING AS INTERPRETED IN QUOTIDIAN AND IMPROMPTU LEXICOGRAPHY
Authors: Chernyak V. D. 
Published: July 2016

The paper discusses different forms and means of lexical meaning representation in quotidian and impromptu lexicography, as well as common and different trends in word meaning interpretation within different subdivisions of folk lexicography. By quotidian lexicography we understand the results of metalinguistic activity stimulated by associative priming experiments with pre-established lexicographic parameters. Studying folk lexicography that is thriving in the Wikilexia project allows for demonstrating all aspects of lexical meaning in its daily functioning. Impromptu lexicography, ubiquitous in contemporary journalism, sheds light on the means of interpreting new words and represents different communicative strategies employed by writers and readers, especially when dealing with interpreting words related to politics. In fiction, impromptu lexicography often shows the difference between thesauri of interlocutors and ways of overcoming communication breakdowns. Dictionary form as employed in contemporary literature also incorporates elements of quotidian and impromptu lexicography.
MEDIA LINGUISTICS ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE LINGUISTICS SPHERE DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Shmeleva T. V. 
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the idea of the processes in the modern science of language, which are caused by a number of socio-cultural changes in the society. Designated as the differentiation of the science of language, these processes reveal new aspects of the functioning of the language, pose new theoretical problems and applied tasks and thus contribute to the formation of the new ones – sphere linguistics. Precisely such linguistics – political, juridical linguistics and media linguistics – are analyzed in the paper. The main attention is paid to the concept of “the sphere of speech (communion, communication)” in the works of such linguists as V. V. Vinogradov, M. M. Bakhtin, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky within the framework of stylistics, theory of speech genres, general philology. The reasons of the actualization of analyzed communication areas at the turn of the centuries are observed. Generally the processes and stages of the three types of linguistics forming, the specific and the general in their present condition and place in the modern science of language, their development prospects are presented. The key moments of the national media linguistics formation are named.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN VOCABULARY AND TEXTS WITHIN ONE LINGUISTIC SCHOOL: EXPERIENCE OF SUMMARY AND METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTION IN HINDSIGHT. PAPER 1
Authors: Golev N. D. 
Published: July 2016

The paper sums up the experimental linguistic research of Russian words and texts carried out by the group of Western Siberia linguists under the supervision of the author of this paper. The experiments were based on different materials, they used different forms and ways of experimenting. The paper presents the attempt of realizing and reflecting their set as some entity united by the main principles of making experiments and peculiarities of their realization in hindsight. The paper presents two directions: methodical and methodological. The first direction, presented in Paper 1, consists in the collection and systematization of the positive experience of particular experimenting. As a result of its realization the following principles of experimenting are pointed out and described: word inclusion into the context; seriality; paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization; approximation of the experimental situation to the real speech situations. According to the author, such generalizations can be useful for other researchers to conduct similar experiments.
PROPOSITIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERMS OF IN-LAW RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TELEUT, KIRGHIZ AND CHINESE LANGUAGES
Authors: Araeva L. A. , Kalentieva L. S. , Kuznetsova V. S. , Tagaev M. J. 
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the systems of in-law relationship terms in the Teleut, Kirghiz and Chinese languages. Every system has common propositional structures and different propositions, that indicate ethnic features of the language picture of the world. Social significance and propositional derivational connectivity within the frame of synonyms, polysemy, family of cognate words provide conservation terms of in-law relationships in long-term memory of the nation having no writing.
Emergency Soft Tissue Reconstruction Algorithm in Patients With Open Tibia Fractures
Authors: Ivanov P.A. , Shibaev E.U. , Nevedrov A.V. , Vlasov A.P. , Lasarev M.P. 
Published: July 2016

Introduction:
Tactic of emergency closing of soft tissue defect allows to significantly improve the treatment results concerning patients with severe open fractures. However, a number of certain factors make the implementation of this tactic rather difficult. Injured people’s unstable conditions are mong these crucial factors which include, polytrauma in lots of cases, absence of exact recommendations for recovery terms, choice of definite tissue flaps and a type of circulation.

The Aim of Study:
is to develop exact, usable and in practice algorithm of emergency reconstruction of leg soft tissues in patients with severe open tibia fractures, based on the usage of the most foolproof and simple methods.

Data (Patients) and Methods:
85 patients with open tibia fractures complicated by soft tissue defects were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 56 patients. Soft tissue reconstruction in this group was provided without an exact algorithm, after continuous attempts on local healing. After analyzing the treatment process and the treatment results we have developed the algorithm of emergency soft tissue reconstruction. It was used in 29 patients (the study group). This algorithm allows choosing optimal timing for tissue reconstruction and appropriate method to be applied, depending on the patient’s condition, the mechanism of soft tissue defect formation, and its square and localization.

Results:
We observed a statistical decrease in deep wound infection frequency, partial tibia necrosis frequency, chronic osteomyelitis frequency, duration of hospitalization in patients with severe open tibia fractures because of using our algorithm.
A hazai felsőoktatás gazdálkodásának szabályozása
Authors: Polónyi István 
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány bemutatja a felsőoktatási intézmények gazdálkodásának szabályzói környezetét, azzal a céllal, hogy a hazai állami egyetemek gazdálkodói ill. vállalkózói egyetemmé vállásának lehetőségeit és akadályait feltárja.Először visszatekint a felsőoktatás rendszerváltást követő átalakítását, a felsőoktatási törvény megalkotását övező vitákra, majd rátér a felsőoktatás gazdasági helyzetének elemzésére. Ismerteti az oktatási költségvetés tervezési folyamatát, az intézmények finanszírozásának alapjait, a finanszírozásban az állami szerepvállalás mértékét és módját. A szerző rámutat, hogy a hazai felsőoktatás elmúlt évtizedének gazdasági szabályozását a gazdasági autonómiától való távolodás és a gazdasági köttötségek erősödése jellemezte, sőt a magyar felsőoktatás szervezeti és vezetési jellemzői nemvalójában nem teszik alkalmassá a szélesebb gazdasági autonómiára.
Roadmap for the adoption of the euro in Hungary: dangers and opportunities
Authors: Jankovics Laszlo 
Published: July 2016

In April 2003, the EU Accession Agreement was officially signed for the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. These countries are destined to become EU members in May 2004. As part of the “acquis communautaire”, participation in the new version of the exchange rate mechanism (ERM II), and subsequently in the European Monetary Union (EMU) is obligatory for all new EU members (no opt-out clause is available). Therefore, the question today for the accession countries is no longer whether or not to enter the eurozone but rather the time horizon when the entry should happen.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) code: E42, E58, F33.
eurózónához való csatlakozás időzítése
Authors: Jankovics László 
Published: July 2016

A magyar gazdaságpolitika előtt álló egyik legaktuálisabb kihívás a közös valuta átvétele időpontjának meghatározása. A tanulmány ennek a komplex kérdéskörnek a közgazdasági és politikai gazdaságtani elemzését végzi el, térségi összefüggésben tárgyalva a hazai trendeket. Kiindulópontként leszögezhető, hogy az euró bevezetése várhatóan 0,5–1 százalékpont addicionális többletet generálna a reál GDP hosszú távú növekedési üteméhez a kelet-közép-európai országokban. A közös valutára kitűzött jelenlegi 2010-es hivatalos céldátum technikailag tartható hazánk számára, hiszen 5 évre a közös valuta bevezetésétől nem állt jobban a maastrichti konvergenciakritériumok tekintetében a jelenlegi eurózóna-tagok jelentős része sem. Az írás sorra veszi az euró bevezetése időpontjának halogatása melletti szokásos érveket és ellenérveket annak fényében, hogy a globalizált pénzügyi piacok és a masszív spekulációs tevékenység mellett inkább önveszélyes, mint hatásos fegyver egy kis, nyitott ország számára a pénzügypolitikai autonómia fenntartása. Az euróövezethez történő csatlakozás sikeres levezénylése szempontjából kulcsfontosságúnak ígérkezik az erős politikai elkötelezettség mind az új tagok, mind az uniós intézmények részéről, ami szükséges lehet a népszerűtlennek ígérkező konszolidációs intézkedések meghozatalához. A tanulmány végkövetkeztetése szerint a pénzügyi stabilitás elérése sokkal könnyebb lehet a közös valutát használó országként, ebből következik, hogy az eurót nem célszerű a felzárkózás gátjaként interpretálnunk, hanem lehetőségként a felzárkózás gyorsítására.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E42, E58, F33
Mobilizing Social and Organizational Resources in Project Type Cooperation
Authors: Mako Csaba , Csizmadia Peter 
Published: July 2016

The paper aims at the identification and interpretation of specific coordination problems faced by project-based work organisations using the example of an interactive portal development for a leadingHungarian economic weakly. The study provides a brief overview of the most important theoretical approaches concerning project-based work organisations and the characteristics of the new or interactivemedia sector, which may act as a new model in the fast growing knowledge economy. The interactive portal development is typical of the so-called studio-model of project-based firms (PBF) characterised bythe novel and singular character of the product or service and by the uncertain and fluid nature of the necessary knowledge and skills. The study calls attention to the project manager’s key role in combiningformal and tacit skills and in the coordination of actors’ behaviour which is driven by different logics. In addition, the authors stress the importance of the client’s key role in designing and developing theinteractive media service.
JEL classifications: L86; M54; Z13
Identification and Toxigenicity ofAspergillusspp. from Soils Planted to Peanuts in Eastern Zambia
Authors: Njoroge S. M. C. , Kanenga K. , Siambi M. , Waliyar F. , Monyo E. S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIt is not known which aflatoxigenic species are present in Zambia. Therefore, soil samples were collected during May to June 2012, at the end of the growing season in Eastern Province, from 399 farmers' fields that had been planted to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Nyimba, Petauke, Mambwe, and Chipata Districts. Population densities of Aspergillus spp. were estimated by plating 10−3 soil dilutions on modified dichloran rose Bengal (MDRB) media. To test for toxigenicity, colonies were randomly selected from MDRB dilution plates, single-spored, transferred to vials with yeast extract sucrose (YES) liquid media, and grown for a week at room temperature. Agra Strip ® lateral flow cards were then used to test the filtered extracts, from the YES cultures, for total aflatoxin at 4 and 20 parts per billion (ppb). We identified Aspergillus flavus (small and large sclerotia strains), A. parasiticus, A. niger, A. nomius, A. oryzae, A. tamarii, and A. terreus. 100% of the S-strain A. flavus isolates produced aflatoxin at 4 and 20 ppb, whereas 86% and 56% of the L-strain A. flavus isolates produced aflatoxins at 4 and 20 ppb, respectively. All the A. nomius isolates produced aflatoxins at 4 and 20 ppb. 79% and 64% the A. parasiticus isolates produced aflatoxins at 4 and 20 ppb. To our knowledge, this is the first peer reviewed report from Zambia documenting the population densities of A. flavus across different agroecologies. In addition, it is also the first report on the identification of different Aspergillus spp., such as A. nomius, A. terreus, A. oryzae, and A. tamarii from Zambia. This information, taken together with cropping practices, soil characteristics, agroecological and climatic data, can form a basis for developing holistic pre-harvest aflatoxin mitigation strategies.
The clinical significance of persistent trigeminal nerve contrast enhancement in patients who undergo repeat radiosurgery
Authors: Mousavi Seyed H. , Akpinar Berkcan , Niranjan Ajay , Agarwal Vikas , Cohen Jonathan , Flickinger John C. , Kondziolka Douglas , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVEContrast enhancement of the retrogasserian trigeminal nerve on MRI scans frequently develops after radiosurgical ablation for the management of medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The authors sought to evaluate the clinical significance of this imaging finding in patients who underwent a second radiosurgical procedure for recurrent TN.METHODSDuring a 22-year period, 360 patients underwent Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as their first surgical procedure for TN at the authors' center. The authors retrospectively analyzed the data from 59 patients (mean age 72 years, range 33–89 years) who underwent repeat SRS for recurrent pain at a median of 30 months (range 6–146 months) after the first SRS. The isocenter was 4 mm, and the median maximum doses for the first and second procedures were 80 Gy and 70 Gy, respectively. A neuroradiologist and a neurosurgeon blinded to the treated side evaluated the presence of nerve contrast enhancement on MRI series at the time of the repeat procedure. The authors correlated the presence of this imaging change with clinical outcomes. Pain outcomes and development of trigeminal sensory dysfunction were evaluated with the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Scale and BNI Numbness Scale, respectively. The mean length of follow-up after the second SRS was 58 months (95% CI 49–68 months).RESULTSAt the time of the repeat SRS, contrast enhancement of the trigeminal nerve on MRI scans was observed in 31 patients (53%). Five years after the SRS, patients with this enhancement had lower actuarial rates of complete pain relief after the repeat SRS (27% [95% CI 7%–47%]) than patients without the enhancement (76% [95% CI 58%–94%]) (p < 0.001). At the 5-year follow-up, patients with the contrast enhancement also had a higher risk for trigeminal sensory loss after repeat SRS (75% [95% CI 59%–91%]) than patients without contrast enhancement (26% [95% CI 10%–42%]) (p = 0.001). Dysesthetic pain after repeat SRS was observed for 8 patients with and for 2 patients without contrast enhancement.CONCLUSIONSTrigeminal nerve contrast enhancement on MRI scans observed at the time of a repeat SRS for TN was associated with less satisfactory pain control and more frequently detected facial sensory loss. Residual contrast enhancement at the time of a repeat SRS may warrant consideration of dose reduction or further separation of the radiosurgical targets.
Neurological findings in pediatric penetrating head injury at a university teaching hospital in Durban, South Africa: a 23-year retrospective study
Authors: Muballe Kadhaya David , Hardcastle Timothy , Kiratu Erastus 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVES
Penetrating traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can be divided into gunshot wounds or stab wounds based on the mechanisms of injury. Pediatric penetrating TBIs are of major concern as many parental and social factors may be involved in the causation. The authors describe the penetrating cranial injuries in pediatric patient subgroups at risk and presenting to the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, by assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and review of the common neurological manifestations including cranial nerve abnormalities.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective chart review of children who presented with penetrating TBIs between 1985 and 2007 at a university teaching hospital. Descriptive statistical analysis with univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the variables.

RESULTS
Out of 223 children aged 16 years and younger with penetrating TBIs seen during the study period, stab wounds were causal in 127 (57%) of the patients, while gunshot injuries were causal in 96 (43%). Eighty-four percent of the patients were male. Apart from abnormal GCS scores, other neurological abnormalities were noted in 109 (48.9%) of the patients, the most common being cranial nerve deficits (22.4%) and hemiparesis. There was a strong correlation between left-sided stab wounds and development of seizures. The mean age of patients with neurological abnormalities was 11.72 years whereas that of patients with no neurological abnormalities was 8.96 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Penetrating head injuries in children are not as uncommon as previously thought. There was no correlation between the age group of the patients and the mechanism of injury, which implies that stab or gunshot injuries could occur in any of our pediatric population with the same frequency. While gunshot injuries accounted for 56% of the patient population, stab injuries still accounted for 44%.
Following penetrating head injuries, neurological abnormalities tend to occur in the older subgroup of the pediatric patients. The most common neurological abnormalities were hemiparesis followed by cranial nerve deficits. Facial nerve deficits were the most commonly seen cranial nerve abnormality. Immediate convulsions were a significant feature in patients with stab injuries to the head compared to those with gunshot injuries.