bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of particle size on the catalytic performance of MWCNTs supported alkalized MoS2 catalysts promoted by Ni and Co in higher alcohols synthesis
Authors: Tavasoli Ahmad , Kiai Rohollah M. , Karimi Ali 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA series of nano‐sized alkalized MoS2 catalysts promoted by Ni and Co supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared via the reverse microemulsion technique with water to surfactant (W/S) molar ratios (molwater · mol−1surfactant) of 1–12. All prepared catalysts were extensively characterized by ICP, BET, CO chemisorption, XRD, TPR, and TEM techniques. They were assessed in a fixed‐bed micro‐reactor to find their performance in higher alcohol synthesis from syngas. The results were compared with those of the catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method with similar elemental composition. The results showed the relationship of catalyst physicochemical properties and performances to preparation method and average metal particle sizes. Calculated average particle sizes for prepared catalysts via microemulsion showed a decreasing trend with a decrease in W/S ratio. It decreased from 17.4 to 5.26 nm for W/S ratios of 12 to 1, respectively. Similarly, the average particle size for prepared catalysts with the impregnation method was 18.78 nm. The nano‐catalyst prepared via microemulsion with W/S of 1 showed the best performance for CO conversion and higher alcohol selectivity of 66.83 and 37.76, respectively. It was concluded that decreased particle sizes increased the active surface area of the Ni and Co promoted alkalized MoS2/MWCNTs catalysts and increased the fraction of metal particles located inside the CNTs, which in turn improved the catalyst performance.
Response to Survivors of Aortic Dissection: Activity, Mental Health, and Sexual Function; and Exercise and Physical Activity for the Post–Aortic Dissection Patient: The Clinician's Conundrum
Authors: Martín María , de la Hera Jesús , Rozado José , Iglesias Daniel García , Morís César , Calvo Juan , Cabo Rubén Alvarez 
Published: April 2016

Chaddha A et al. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38:652–659.Chaddha A et al. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38:647–651.
Gestalt Therapy Applied: A Case Study with an Inpatient Diagnosed with Substance Use and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Aiach Dominitz Valerie 
Published: April 2016

AimThe aim of the present paper is to open the discourse regarding the unmet needs of specific patients, especially those with substance use disorder and/or personality disorder where ‘multimorbidities’, and/or ‘overdiagnosis’ and/or ‘diagnosis overlap’ are frequent. An additional aim is to review the main therapeutic purpose and concepts of Gestalt therapy which might be appropriate in the treatment of these patients often characterized by their difficulties in being aware and in contact in the ‘here and now’.MethodsI first start with an overview of Gestalt therapy concepts. Then, I illustrate Gestalt's ‘here and now’ and awareness concepts applied during 18 sessions with an inpatient diagnosed with substance use and bipolar disorders. In addition, the patient had to face an open criminal charge, was regarded as having an antisocial personality disorder and argued suffering from post‐traumatic stress disorder.ResultsAfter this two‐month therapy period, the patient entered for the first time a daily rehabilitation program in the community, where he was doing well (this after a few prior hospitalizations). The awareness development in the ‘here and now’ through which different contact styles and cycles of experiences are experienced is a process that allowed the patient to start experiencing contact with himself, his true needs and his environment. This contributed to his well‐being improvement, led and supported his rehabilitation and reinsertion within the society and decrease his relapses, either with drugs or criminal activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

People with substance use disorder (where ‘multimorbidities’, ‘overdiagnosis’ or ‘diagnosis overlap’ are frequent), people with personality disorder(s) or people who have difficulties in defining what really disturbs them are the same people who could benefit of GT encouraging awareness and contact development in the ‘here and now’.
Gestalt therapy should not be regarded as a practitioner's toolbox but as a therapeutic process allowing awareness and I‐boundaries development in the ‘here and now’ through authentic and genuine relationships.
The therapist's awareness and contact with themselves and their environment are reflected in the therapist's relaxed but awake and aware state of mind as well as their wise, spontaneous and mindful approach.
Preparation of Rice Plant Genomic DNA for Various Applications
Authors: Zhou Lian , Shen Rongxin , Ma Xingliang , Li Heying , Li Gousi , Liu Yao‐Guang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractResearch on plant molecular biology, genetic engineering, and crop molecular breeding involves various manipulations of plant genomic DNAs (gDNAs). These studies require preparing gDNAs from plant materials using suitable methods according to the yield, intactness, and purity of the resultant gDNA samples. Here we describe protocols for preparation of rice plant gDNAs for various applications including: (1) maxipreps and (2) minipreps of gDNAs for restriction analysis, gene cloning, PCR amplification, genomic sequencing, and genotyping; (3) preparation of megabase‐sized nuclear DNA for construction of large‐insert genomic libraries and long‐range physical mapping; and (4) 96‐well‐format high‐throughput gDNA preparation for PCR‐based genotyping. The methods are also suitable for other plant species including dicots. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Small RNA Extraction and Detection in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Song Xianwei , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRice (Orzya sativa) small RNAs regulate almost all biological processes and agronomic traits. Characterization and dissection of small RNA functions have become an important part of rice functional genomic research. Isolation of small RNAs of desirable quality is essential for a variety of analytical techniques such as cloning, RT‐PCR, northern hybridization, and microarray analysis. Among these, northern hybridization is the most convincing method to display size distribution, abundance, and expression profiles of small RNAs. This article describes protocols for extraction and detection of small RNAs from rice tissues, including procedures to enrich small RNAs from total RNA, and examination of the size and abundance of small RNAs by northern hybridization. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chromosome Preparation in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Weichang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChromosomes are the carriers of genetic material in biological organisms. Each chromosome has three essential components: a centromere, telomeres, and chromosome arms. Chromosome preparation is the basic technique for studies in cytogenetics, including the analysis of chromosomal behavior, chromosomal variation, karyotyping analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunostaining, and artificial chromosome technology. In this unit, we describe the basic protocol for rice (Oryza sativa) metaphase chromosome preparation from rice root tips, alternative chromosome preparation protocols using cultured cells, and different chromosome spreading techniques. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Artificial Chromosomes in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Xu Chunhui , Yu Weichang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChromosomes are the carriers of genetic material in biological organisms. Each chromosome has three essential components: a centromere, telomeres, and origins of replication. The understanding of the essential structural and functional organization of chromosomes has made it possible to produce artificial chromosomes (ACs), which are human‐engineered minichromosomes. There are two approaches to make ACs: de novo assembly (bottom‐up) and truncation of existing chromosomes (top‐down). Rice (Oryza sativa) ACs are produced by telomere‐mediated chromosome truncation, and may have many applications, such as genetic engineering to stack and express multiple genes in rice to combat diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses, to enhance tolerance of rice to environmental stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity, and to improve yield and quality. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chromosome Preparation for Cytogenetic Analyses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Lysak Martin A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite its small nuclear genome and minute chromosomes, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has become a well established model in the field of plant cytogenetics. Since 2000, most cytogenetic and epigenetic approaches have been developed for this species and its congeners. In this chapter, we describe two step‐by‐step protocols for preparing chromosome preparations from root tip meristems and generative organ tissues of A. thaliana. Although both protocols have been optimized for A. thaliana, the detailed procedures are equally applicable to other members of the genus Arabidopsis as well as other crucifer species (Brassicaceae). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maize (Zea mays) Hi‐II Transformation via Agrobacterium‐Mediated T‐DNA Transfer
Authors: Lee Hyeyoung , Zhang Zhanyuan J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGenetic transformation of maize via Agrobacterium tumefaciens is still more art than science, with different researchers achieving substantially different transformation results. This article describes our advanced Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation system in Hi‐II maize. The system utilizes simple binary vectors and immature embryos for the transformation, employing the bar gene as a plant selectable marker in combination with bialaphos for subsequent culture selection. The transformation process is efficient and highly reproducible. Certain inbred maize lines can also be transformed with some modification of the system. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Soybean (Glycine max) Transient Transgenic Roots
Authors: Tóth Katalin , Batek Josef , Stacey Gary 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLegumes—because of their nitrogen‐fixing capacity—have both ecological and agronomic importance, and are also the major plant protein source for animal consumption. The model legume species are Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula, and soybean (Glycine max). These species have sequenced genomes and are amenable to genetic manipulation, as well as to various functional genomic and cell biology approaches. Plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium is one of the most powerful methods in plant biotechnology. Using the traditional Agrobacterium tumefaciens method, stable transgenic plants take 6 to 12 months to create, depending on species. Besides being time consuming, this approach is often quite laborious. Hence, there is a need for more rapid methods to create transgenic tissues. In the case of roots, this can be done using hairy root transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. This protocol describes a method to generate transgenic soybean roots in as little as 3 weeks. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Microsomal Membrane Proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: LaMontagne Erica D. , Collins Carina A. , Peck Scott C. , Heese Antje 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCellular membranes define the boundaries between organelles and the cytosol or the extracellular environment, thus providing functional separation between subcellular compartments. In addition, membranes assist in a diverse range of cellular functions, including serving as signaling platforms, mediating transport of molecules, and facilitating trafficking of cargo between cellular compartments. Because membrane functionality is largely defined by protein composition, exploring the roles of membrane proteins is of interest to many researchers. This article focuses on the subcellular fractionation of microsomes, which are membrane‐derived vesicles formed during cell lysis. In plants, microsomes mainly consist of the plasma membrane and membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, trans‐Golgi network, and tonoplast. The article describes the different steps involved in enriching for and solubilizing microsomal membrane proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and cultured cells by differential centrifugation. Solubilized microsomal proteins can be used for subsequent immunoblot analysis, co‐immunoprecipitation, or proteomic studies. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Orthodontic treatment in periodontitis‐susceptible subjects: a systematic literature review
Authors: Zasciurinskiene Egle , Lindsten Rune , Slotte Christer , Bjerklin Krister 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim is to evaluate the literature for clinical scientific data on possible effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal status in periodontitis‐susceptible subjects. A systematic literature review was performed on studies in English using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library central databases (1965‐2014). By manually searching reference lists of selected studies, we identified additional articles; then we searched these publications: Journal of Periodontology, Periodontology 2000, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, and European Journal of Orthodontics. Search terms included randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective clinical studies, case series >5 patients, periodontitis, orthodontics, alveolar bone loss, tooth migration, tooth movement, orthodontic extrusion, and orthodontic intrusion. Only studies on orthodontic treatment in periodontally compromised dentitions were included. One randomized controlled clinical trial, one controlled clinical trial, and 12 clinical studies were included. No evidence currently exists from controlled studies and randomized controlled clinical trials, which shows that orthodontic treatment improves or aggravates the status of periodontally compromised dentitions.
Quantifying the effects of drought on abrupt growth decreases of major tree species in Switzerland
Authors: Vanoni Marco , Bugmann Harald , Nötzli Magdalena , Bigler Christof 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDrought entails important effects on tree physiology, which may result in short‐ to long‐term radial growth decreases. While the majority of studies have focused on annual drought‐related variability of growth, relatively little is known about sustained growth decreases following drought years. We apply a statistical framework to identify climatic factors that induce abrupt growth decreases and may eventually result in tree mortality. We used tree‐ring data from almost 500 standing dead trees and 200 living trees in eight sites of the Swiss network of strict forest reserves, including four of the most important Central European tree species (Abies alba, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus spp.). First, to assess short‐term growth responses to drought under various climate and site conditions, we calculated correlations and linear mixed‐effects models between ring‐width indices (RWIs) and drought based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Second, to quantify drought effects on abrupt growth decreases, we applied distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs), which account for both delayed effects and the nonlinear relationship between the SPEI and the occurrence of abrupt growth decreases. Positive correlations between RWIs and the SPEI indicated short‐term growth responses of all species, particularly at arid sites. Results of the DLNMs revealed species‐specific growth responses to drought. For Quercus spp., abrupt growth decreases were more likely to occur several years following severe drought, whereas for P. abies, A. alba, and F. sylvatica abrupt growth decreases started frequently immediately in the drought year. We conclude that the statistical framework allows for quantifying the effects of drought intensity on the probability of abrupt growth decreases, which ultimately contributes to an improved understanding of climate impacts on forest community dynamics.
Ecosystem warming increases sap flow rates of northern red oak trees
Authors: Juice Stephanie M. , Templer Pamela H. , Phillips Nathan G. , Ellison Aaron M. , Pelini Shannon L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOver the next century, air temperature increases up to 5°C are projected for the northeastern United States. As evapotranspiration strongly influences water loss from terrestrial ecosystems, the ecophysiological response of trees to warming will have important consequences for forest water budgets. We measured growing season sap flow rates in mature northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees in a combined air (up to 5.5°C above ambient) and soil (up to 1.85°C above ambient at 6‐cm depth) warming experiment at Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, United States. Through principal components analysis, we found air and soil temperatures explained the largest amount of variance in environmental variables associated with rates of sap flow, with relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit having significant, but smaller, effects. On average, each 1°C increase in temperature increased sap flow rates by approximately 1100 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1 throughout the growing season and by 1200 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1 during the early growing season. Reductions in the number of cold winter days correlated positively with increased sap flow during the early growing season (a decrease in 100 heating‐degree days was associated with a sapflow increase in approximately 5 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1). Soil moisture declined with increased treatment temperatures, and each soil moisture percentage decrease resulted in a decrease in sap flow of approximately 360 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1. At night, soil moisture correlated positively with sap flow. These results demonstrate that warmer air and soil temperatures in winter and throughout the growing season lead to increased sap flow rates, which could affect forest water budgets throughout the year.
Evidence‐based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration
Authors: Diefenderfer Heida L. , Johnson Gary E. , Thom Ronald M. , Buenau Kate E. , Weitkamp Laurie A. , Woodley Christa M. , Borde Amy B. , Kropp Roy K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study adapts and applies the evidence‐based approach for causal inference, a medical standard, to the restoration and sustainable management of large‐scale aquatic ecosystems. Despite long‐term investments in restoring aquatic ecosystems, it has proven difficult to adequately synthesize and evaluate program outcomes, and no standard method has been adopted. Complex linkages between restorative actions and ecosystem responses at a landscape scale make evaluations problematic and most programs focus on monitoring and analysis. Herein, we demonstrate a new transdisciplinary approach integrating techniques from evidence‐based medicine, critical thinking, and cumulative effects assessment. Tiered hypotheses about the effects of landscape‐scale restorative actions are identified using an ecosystem conceptual model. The systematic literature review, a health sciences standard since the 1960s, becomes just one of seven lines of evidence assessed collectively, using critical thinking strategies, causal criteria, and cumulative effects categories. As a demonstration, we analyzed data from 166 locations on the Columbia River and estuary representing 12 indicators of habitat and fish response to floodplain restoration actions intended to benefit culturally and economically important, threatened and endangered salmon. Synthesis of the lines of evidence demonstrated that hydrologic reconnection promoted macrodetritis export, prey availability, and juvenile fish access and feeding. Upon evaluation, the evidence was sufficient to infer cross‐boundary, indirect, compounding, and delayed cumulative effects, and suggestive of nonlinear, landscape‐scale, and spatial density effects. Therefore, on the basis of causal inferences regarding food‐web functions, we concluded that the restoration program is having a cumulative beneficial effect on juvenile salmon. The lines of evidence developed are transferable to other ecosystems: modeling of cumulative net ecosystem improvement, physical modeling of ecosystem controlling factors, meta‐analysis of restoration action effectiveness, analysis of data on target species, research on critical ecological uncertainties, evidence‐based review of the literature, and change analysis on the landscape setting. As with medicine, the science of ecological restoration needs scientific approaches to management decisions, particularly because the consequences affect species extinctions and the availability of ecosystem services. This evidence‐based approach will enable restoration in complex coastal, riverine, and tidal‐fluvial ecosystems like the lower Columbia River to be evaluated when data have accumulated without sufficient synthesis.
Effects of experimentally added salmon subsidies on resident fishes via direct and indirect pathways
Authors: Collins Scott F. , Baxter Colden V. , Marcarelli Amy M. , Wipfli Mark S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractArtificial additions of nutrients of differing forms such as salmon carcasses and analog pellets (i.e. pasteurized fishmeal) have been proposed as a means of stimulating aquatic productivity and enhancing populations of anadromous and resident fishes. Nutrient mitigation to enhance fish production in stream ecosystems assumes that the central pathway by which effects occur is bottom‐up, through aquatic primary and secondary production, with little consideration of reciprocal aquatic‐terrestrial pathways. The net outcome (i.e. bottom‐up vs. top‐down) of adding salmon‐derived materials to streams depend on whether or not these subsidies indirectly intensify predation on in situ prey via increases in a shared predator or alleviate such predation pressure. We conducted a 3‐year experiment across nine tributaries of the N. Fork Boise River, Idaho, USA, consisting of 500‐m stream reaches treated with salmon carcasses (n = 3), salmon carcass analog (n = 3), and untreated control reaches (n = 3). We observed 2–8 fold increases in streambed biofilms in the 2–6 weeks following additions of both salmon subsidy treatments in years 1 and 2 and a 1.5‐fold increase in standing crop biomass of aquatic invertebrates to carcass additions in the second year of our experiment. The consumption of benthic invertebrates by stream fishes increased 110–140% and 44–66% in carcass and analog streams in the same time frame, which may have masked invertebrate standing crop responses in years 3 and 4. Resident trout directly consumed 10.0–24.0 g·m−2·yr−1 of salmon carcass and <1–11.0 g·m−2·yr−1 of analog material, which resulted in 1.2–2.9 g·m−2·yr−1 and 0.03–1.4 g·m−2·yr−1 of tissue produced. In addition, a feedback flux of terrestrial maggots to streams contributed 0.0–2.0 g·m−2·yr−1 to trout production. Overall, treatments increased annual trout production by 2–3 fold, though density and biomass were unaffected. Our results indicate the strength of bottom‐up and top‐down responses to subsidy additions was asymmetrical, with top‐down forces masking bottom‐up effects that required multiple years to manifest. The findings also highlight the need for nutrient mitigation programs to consider multiple pathways of energy and nutrient flow to account for the complex effects of salmon subsidies in stream‐riparian ecosystems.