bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La izquierda en las transiciones a la democracia. El caso uruguayo
Authors: Allier Montaño Eugenia 
Published: January 2016

<p>En este artículo se lleva a cabo un segui­miento histórico-­político de la actuación del Frente Amplio en la transición a la de­mocracia en Uruguay. Si bien este proceso ocurrió de 1980 a 1989 , en este artículo sólo se analiza el papel del Freme de 1980 a 1984, periodo en el cual los militares to­davía estaban en el gobierno. Fue enton­ces cuando el papel del Frente sería determinante en el proceso general, además de ser cuando consolidaría su papel coma actor imprescindible en la escena política uruguaya . Se pueden ubicar tres momen­tos fundamentales de su actuación en esa etapa:</p><p>1) su participación en las elecciones internas de los partidos tradicionales en<br />1982 ;</p><p>2) su fortalecimiento en 1983, y</p><p><br />3) su participación en la salida pactada del gobierno de la dictadura en 1984.</p>
Los regocijos de un Estado liberal: la discusión en las Cortes Generales y Extraordinarias de Cádiz sobre las fiestas que celebrarían a la monarquía constitucional
Authors: Garrido Asperó María José 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artículo recoge las propuestas hechas por algunos diputados en las Cortes de Cadiz para festejar anualmente la soberanía nacio­nal, el poder legislativo y la igualdad políti­ca de los españoles. Plantea que esas propues­tas y las disposiciones emitidas por las Cortes fueron la expresión festiva de la revolución<br />política liberal.</p>
La población de la ciudad de México en 1777
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest 
Published: January 2016

<p>El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un análisis demográfico de la capital del virreinato de Nueva España en el momento de máximo esplendor del reformismo carolino, a partir del estudio del padrón del arzobispado de México de 1777.</p><p>El análisis de la información registrada en dicho padrón sobre la ciudad de México se plantea en dos niveles. Por una parte, se propone la comparación de la urbe con el conjunto de la archidiócesis, lo cual permite visualizar las particularidades demográficas que presentaba la capital novohispana con relación al resto del virreinato. Por otra parte, se establece un desglose y contraste a nivel parroquial, base territorial sobre la que se levantó el padrón, con el propósito de sacar a la luz los grandes contrastes internos de la ciudad, los cuales constituían una de las notas más características de su fisonomía urbana. Como parte del análisis, nos proponemos también entrar en la problemática de la evolución demográfica de la ciudad a lo largo del siglo XVIII.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
El primer experimento centralista en Yucatán: el proyecto de gobierno de José Segundo Carvajal (1829-1831)
Authors: Flores Escalante Justo Miguel 
Published: January 2016

<p>El artículo tiene como finalidad abordar el ámbito político de 1829-1831 desde el enfoque de la cultura política, haciendo hincapié en el campo de las ideas, en los discursos y debates más que en la práctica. En ese sentido abordamos el centralismo yucateco de 1829-1831, pues constituye un proyecto de gobierno <em>sui generis</em> en México ya que se adelanta varios años a la Primera República Central Mexicana. En él se plantean la visión de soberanía unitaria del centralismo contra el contractualismo; el fortalecimiento de los poderes ejecutivo y judicial frente al legislativo; la disposición de crear una democracia dirigida y, con ello, de excluir al grueso de la sociedad en cuanto a la ciudadanía y los procesos electorales. Para lograr lo anterior, se recurría a una mezcla de ideas liberales de Locke, Constant, Montesquieu con las de antiguo régimen.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Pensar la revolución mexicana: tres horizontes de interpretación
Authors: Guerra Manzo Enrique 
Published: January 2016

<p>El presente ensayo pasa revista a los principales exponentes de cada una de las tres generaciones de estudiosos de la revolución mexicana de 1910 que se han sucedido en el siglo XX, y presta especial atención a los horizontes de interpretación sobre los que han colocado a ésta y a sus resultados. Su argumento central es que si hoy queremos superar el empantanamiento en que ha caído la literatura revisionista, la última de las tres generaciones, no sólo debemos precisar los mapas del debate sino también reparar en la necesidad de combinar una doble perspectiva metodológica, la del compromiso (posición asumida por las dos primeras generaciones) y el distanciamiento (postura central del revisionismo).</p><p> </p>
La radiodifusión en Santa Marta (Colombia) 1930-1940
Authors: Elías Caro Jorge Enrique 
Published: January 2016

<p>El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo, de carácter histórico, a través del cual se pretende dar respuesta a la interrogante ¿Cómo fue el origen y posterior desarrollo de la Radiodifusión en Santa Marta?, al tiempo que se muestran los aspectos culturales y la dinámica social que tuvieron las emisoras. Es de precisar que estos primeros intentos se sitúan entre 1930 y 1940, y que para la recopilación de la información se utilizaron básicamente fuentes orales, el periódico “El Estado”, la Gaceta Departamental y la documentación que reposa en el Archivo Histórico del Magdalena Grande.</p>
Acción social y nuevo estado liberal en Argentina. La participación de las mujeres en las instituciones del modelo mixto de atención de necesidades en el Centro y Sur bonaerenses
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda 
Published: January 2016

<p align="center"> </p><p>A fines del siglo XIX y en el marco de la consolidación del poder político en Argentina, encontramos una serie de vacíos que el Estado iba dejando, que fueron ocupados por el accionar de asociaciones emanadas de la sociedad civil, en las que mujeres de los pueblos abordados en este trabajo adquirieron una presencia destacada. </p><p>En el presente artículo buscamos analizar las relaciones entre ese Estado en formación y las instituciones locales destinadas a la atención de la salud y la educación, en comunidades del centro y sur bonaerenses, espacios no estudiados hasta el momento en esta clave, en el tránsito hacia el siglo XX cuando se resignificaron las funciones e importancia de organizaciones tradicionales como las abocadas a la práctica de la beneficencia, muchas de ellas de fuerte impronta católica.</p>
¿Quién paga los gastos de la representación política? Las dietas de los diputados de la provincia de México en el primer Congreso Constituyente mexicano
Authors: Garrido Asperó María José 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artículo analiza las dificultades por las que atravesó la Diputación Provincial de México para pagar los gastos de la representación política en el primer Congreso Constituyente mexicano. En él se propone que fueron la crisis económica y la parálisis administrativa las razones que explican el fracaso del primer intento de construcción de un Estado independiente. En ese contexto, el tema de las dietas se convirtió en uno más de los muchos asuntos que indispusieron los ánimos entre Agustín de Iturbide y el Congreso y se relacionó con otros de gran trascendencia en el proceso de construcción del Estado-nación, como fueron el sistema de representación política y el quórum del Congreso, es decir, con la legitimidad del poder legislativo. También permite observar el surgimiento de una nueva y distinta ocupación, la del legislador.</p>
Doing Business In..: A Class Exercise For International Accounting
Authors: Neidermeyer Presha E. 
Published: January 2016

International accounting is taught in the curriculum of about one-third of the largest institutions in the US. Within the context of this course, many instructors will attempt to cover a diverse array of business topics while integrating financial reporting standards worldwide. This breadth of topics is frequently challenging in obtaining a cohesive set of knowledge for the enrolled students. The use of a research paper documenting the business practices within a particular country and the subsequent presentation to either the international accounting class or preferably a larger audience can serve as a tool for organizing students’ understanding of the breadth of the material and having individual students present a deeper depth of understanding within the selected country.
Poland's Transition In Business Education
Authors: Leven Bozena 
Published: January 2016

Prior to Poland's transition from central planning to a market system, which began in 1990, schools of business were non-existent in that country. Instead, university level instruction on economics during the socialist period was closely tied to ideological priorities, and limited to imparting skills suitable for planned economy. All universities were owned by the state, heavily politicized, and solely focused on supporting a centrally planned economy. There was no meaningful attempt to impart, or even describe, market oriented theories, leaving Poland almost wholly without the basic human capital needed to run a market economy. This backdrop makes higher education reform particularly crucial for Poland’s continued economic development and, to date, marketization has fundamentally transformed that sector. Poland’s current higher education system is now compatible with those of many Western European countries, relies on standard Western curricula, and enjoys significant academic autonomy, which exceeds that of some more developed Western countries. This sector has also seen an unprecedented growth in economics and business programs enrollments, along with the formation of private universities. Indeed, the depth and rapidity of Poland's progress in reforming higher education stands in marked contrast to that of other former centrally planned economies, and may serve as an interesting case study for potential reforms in Russia and other former Soviet republics. In this paper we describe the progress and effects of several major reforms in Poland's higher business education, examining changes in funding, potential funding sources, the structure of faculty governance, educational programs and degrees granted, the formation of new curricula, and Poland’s system of faculty promotion. Following this examination, we identify and discuss a number of continuing systemic obstacles to further progress in this area, and discuss how they might be addressed. In addition, we apply Western metrics to assess and evaluate the impact of reform on the current and future quality of Poland's business education. One consequence of Poland's transition to a market economy is its high level of governmental involvement in income redistribution policies, and a quasi-monopolistic position regarding the provision of such services as for example, health care, and quality higher education . Because these governmental policies have parallels in the experiences of European countries, those experiences provide insights into possible outcomes upon which various policy recommendations for Poland may be drawn.
Communication Skills For Women In The World Of Corporate Business: Getting It Right And Moving Up!
Authors: Berry Priscilla 
Published: January 2016

This article explores, in general, three areas for leadership communication that women in business need to master. Indeed, there are more than three, but the focus here is on: the need to master the art of successfully confronting the problem when it appears, the process of leading a team, the special requirements of communicating with men. An exploration of these three areas shows that the vital and often missing link is opportunity for females to practice and feedback from male mentors and counterparts. The report also lists the top 10 strategies that women need in order to be perceived as successful leaders and communicators.
A new characterization of computable functions
Authors: Tyszka Apoloniusz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract Let En ={xi = 1; xi + xj = xk; xi ∙ xj = xk : i; j; k ∊ {1;. . . ; n}}. We present two algorithms. The first accepts as input any computable function f : ℕ → ℕ and returns a positive integer m( f ) and a computable function g which to each integer n ≥ m( f ) assigns a system S ⊆ En such that S is satisfiable over integers and each integer tuple (x1;. . .; xn) that solves S satisfies x1 = f (n). The second accepts as input any computable function f: ℕ → ℕ and returns a positive integer w( f ) and a computable function h which to each integer n ≥ w( f ) assigns a system S ⊆ En such that S is satisfiable over non-negative integers and each tuple (x1;. . .; xn) of non-negative integers that solves S satisfies x1 = f (n).
Evaluation of UVA Cytotoxicity for Human Endothelium in an Ex Vivo Corneal Cross-linking Experimental Setting
Authors: Mooren Pepijn , Gobin Laure , Bostan Nezahat , Wouters Kristien , Zakaria Nadia , Mathysen Danny G. P. , Koppen Carina 
Published: January 2016

PURPOSE:

To evaluate endothelial cytotoxicity after exposure of human corneas to ultraviolet-A (UVA) (λ = 365 nm; 5.4 J/cm
2
) in an experimental ex vivo corneal cross-linking setting.

METHODS:

Sixteen pairs of human donor corneas were cut into two pieces. One piece of each cornea was treated with 0.025% riboflavin solution prior to UVA irradiation (5 minutes; 18 mW/cm
2
), whereas the other piece was not irradiated but treated with riboflavin (right eye) or preservation medium (left eye). By irradiating from the endothelial side, the UVA dosage applied to endothelial cells exceeded at least eight times the cytotoxic threshold established in animal models (0.65 J/cm
2
). Endothelial cell counts were performed by two independent investigators after storage (4 to 5 days at 31°C) and staining (trypan blue, alizarin red). Normality (Q-Q plot; Shapiro–Wilk test) and equivalence (mixed-effects modeling with a 10% equivalence threshold) of the endothelial cell counts of the different groups were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Equivalence of mean endothelial cell density between both groups was observed: 2,237 ± 208 cells/mm
2
in UVA-irradiated pieces and 2,290 ± 281 cells/mm
2
in control pieces (mean difference of 53 ± 240 cells/mm
2
between both groups).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite direct irradiation of human donor endothelium using the clinical dosage for cross-linking, equivalence in endothelial cell counts was observed between irradiated tissues and controls. Ex vivo human corneal endothelial cells seem to be far more resistant to riboflavin-enhanced UVA irradiation than previously estimated by animal experiments.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(1):41–46.]
Keratoconus Progression Induced by In Vitro Fertilization Treatment
Authors: Yuksel Erdem , Yalinbas Duygu , Aydin Bahri , Bilgihan Kamil 
Published: January 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate patients with keratoconus who manifested progression after in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.

METHODS:
Patients with keratoconus who received IVF treatment were included in this study. None of the patients became pregnant as a result of the IVF treatment. Progression of keratoconus was determined by changes in corrected distance visual acuity and/or topographic changes and subjective assessments.

RESULTS:
Three patients with keratoconus received IVF treatment and keratoconus progression was detected in all 6 eyes of the patients. The mean age of the patients was 32.3 ± 3.6 years (range: 28 to 36 years) and the mean follow-up duration was 15.6 ± 3.2 months (range: 12 to 18 months). The mean and the maximum keratometry values increased and corrected distance visual acuity decreased after 2.3 IVF treatments.

CONCLUSIONS:
Drugs used in IVF treatment increase estrogen levels, which may affect corneal biomechanics and induce progression of keratoconus. Corneal cross-linking treatment could be offered to minimize the risk of keratoconus progression before IVF treatment.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(1):60–63.]
Essential Role for Survivin in the Proliferative Expansion of Progenitor and Mature B Cells
Authors: Miletic Ana V. , Jellusova Julia , Cato Matthew H. , Lee Charlotte R. , Baracho Gisele V. , Conway Edward M. , Rickert Robert C. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins and a biomarker of poor prognosis in aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In addition to its role in inhibition of apoptosis, survivin also regulates mitosis. In this article, we show that deletion of survivin during early B cell development results in a complete block at the cycling pre-B stage. In the periphery, B cell homeostasis is not affected, but survivin-deficient B cells are unable to mount humoral responses. Correspondingly, we show that survivin is required for cell division in response to mitogenic stimulation. Thus, survivin is essential for proliferation of B cell progenitors and activated mature B cells, but is dispensable for B cell survival. Moreover, a small-molecule inhibitor of survivin strongly impaired the growth of representative B lymphoma lines in vitro, supporting the validity of survivin as an attractive therapeutic target for high-grade B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Editors' Note
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana 
Published: January 2016

The Fall 2015 issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) presents the original work of three distinguished and innovative interdisciplinary teams. Interdisciplinarity is also a hallmark of the IJT editorial staff, reviewers, and publishing team.The first article is a product of engineers with expertise in computing science (LoPresti and Simpson) and a medical speech-language pathologist (Jinks) who practices in the area of assistive technology. These authors reported upon the degree to which consumers are satisfied with the provision of telerehabilitation services for augmentative and alternative communication or alternative computer accessibility.A second article, by Proffitt, (occupational therapist) and Lange, (a physiotherapist with expertise in the use of interactive video games and virtual reality technologies) demonstrated the feasibility of employing a 6-week, game-based, in-home telerehabilitation exercise program using the Microsoft Kinect® for individuals with chronic stroke.Finally, the third article co-authored by Watzlaf (health information management, with degrees in public health and epidemiology), DeAlmeida (health information systems, with a degree in cell and molecular biology), Zhou (with degrees in computer science and physics, and expertise in mathematical modeling on health related topics, information integration, and comparative genomics), and Hartman (a reference librarian with a degree in chemistry, who collaborates with faculty in the health sciences and serves as a liaison to a school of health and rehabilitation sciences) describes a protocol to conduct systematic reviews of research in telerehabilitation, with the aim that IJT readers can ultimately apply this protocol to identify best practices in telerehabilitation.
The Global Positioning System constellation as a space weather monitor: Comparison of electron measurements with Van Allen Probes data
Authors: Morley Steven K. , Sullivan John P. , Henderson Michael G. , Blake J. Bernard , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEnergetic electron observations in Earth's radiation belts are typically sparse, and multipoint studies often rely on serendipitous conjunctions. This paper establishes the scientific utility of the Combined X‐ray Dosimeter (CXD), currently flown on 19 satellites in the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation, by cross‐calibrating energetic electron measurements against data from the Van Allen Probes. By breaking our cross calibration into two parts—one that removes any spectral assumptions from the CXD flux calculation and one that compares the energy spectra—we first validate the modeled instrument response functions, then the calculated electron fluxes. Unlike previous forward modeling of energetic electron spectra, we use a combination of four distributions that together capture a wide range of observed spectral shapes. Our two‐step approach allowed us to identify, and correct for, small systematic offsets between block IIR and IIF satellites. Using the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer and Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope on Van Allen Probes as a “gold standard,” we demonstrate that the CXD instruments are well understood. A robust statistical analysis shows that CXD and Van Allen Probes fluxes are similar and the measured fluxes from CXD are typically within a factor of 2 of Van Allen Probes at energies
4 MeV. We present data from 17 CXD‐equipped GPS satellites covering the 2015 “St. Patrick's Day” geomagnetic storm to illustrate the scientific applications of such a high data density satellite constellation and therefore demonstrate that the GPS constellation is positioned to enable new insights in inner magnetospheric physics and space weather forecasting.
Inserting Thienyl Linkers into Conjugated Molecules for Efficient Multilevel Electronic Memory: A New Understanding of Charge‐Trapping in Organic Materials
Authors: Li Yang , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Xu Qingfeng , Li Najun , Chen Dongyun , Lu Jianmei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe practical application of organic memory devices requires low power consumption and reliable device quality. Herein, we report that inserting thienyl units into D–π–A molecules can improve these parameters by tuning the texture of the film. Theoretical calculations revealed that introducing thienyl π bridges increased the planarity of the molecular backbone and extended the D–A conjugation. Thus, molecules with more thienyl spacers showed improved stacking and orientation in the film state relative to the substrates. The corresponding sandwiched memory devices showed enhanced ternary memory behavior, with lower threshold voltages and better repeatability. The conductive switching and variation in the performance of the memory devices were interpreted by using an extended‐charge‐trapping mechanism. Our study suggests that judicious molecular engineering can facilitate control of the orientation of the crystallite in the solid state to achieve superior multilevel memory performance.
Overweight and obesity predict better overall survival rates in cancer patients with distant metastases
Authors: Tsang Ngan Ming , Pai Ping Ching , Chuang Chi Cheng , Chuang Wen Ching , Tseng Chen Kan , Chang Kai Ping , Yen Tzu Chen , Lin Jen Der , Chang Joseph Tung Chieh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecent studies conducted in patients with chronic diseases have reported an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality. However, the question as to whether BMI may predict prognosis in patients with metastatic cancer remains open. We therefore designed the current retrospective study to investigate the potential association between BMI and overall survival (OS) in patients with distant metastases (DM) and a favorable performance status. Between 2000 and 2012, a total of 4010 cancer patients with DM who required radiotherapy (RT) and had their BMI measured at the initiation of RT were identified. The relation between BMI and OS was examined by univariate and multivariable analysis. The median OS time was 3.23 months (range: 0.1–122.17) for underweight patients, 6.08 months (range: 0.03–149.46) for normal‐weight patients, 7.99 months (range: 0.07–158.01) for overweight patients, and 12.49 months (range, 0.2–164.1) for obese patients (log‐rank: P < 0.001). Compared with normal‐weight patients, both obese (HR = 0.676; 95% P < 0.001) and overweight individuals (HR = 0.84; P < 0.001) had a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality in multivariable analysis. Conversely, underweight patients had a significantly higher risk of death from all causes (HR = 1.41; P < 0.001). Overweight and obesity are independent predictors of better OS in metastatic patients with a good performance status. Increased BMI may play a role to identify metastatic patients with superior survival outcome and exhibit a potential to encourage aggressive management in those patients even with metastases.