bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanics, degradability, bioactivity, in vitro, and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of poly(amino acid)/hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate composite for potential load-bearing bone repair
Authors: Fan Xiaoxia , Ren Haohao , Luo Xiaoman , Wang Peng , Lv Guoyu , Yuan Huipin , Li Hong , Yan Yonggang 
Published: December 2015

A ternary composite of poly(amino acid), hydroxyapatite, and calcium sulfate (PAA/HA/CS) was prepared using in situ melting polycondensation method and evaluated in terms of mechanical strengths, in vitro degradability, bioactivity, as well as in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. The results showed that the ternary composite exhibited a compressive strength of 147 MPa, a bending strength of 121 MPa, a tensile strength of 122 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 4.6 GPa. After immersion in simulated body fluid, the compressive strength of the composite decreased from 147 to 98 MPa for six weeks and the bending strength decreased from 121 to 75 MPa for eight weeks, and both of them kept stable in the following soaking period. The composite could be slowly degraded with 7.27 wt% loss of initial weight after soaking in phosphate buffered solution for three weeks when started to keep stable weight in the following days. The composite was soaked in simulated body fluid solution and the hydroxyapatite layer, as flower-like granules, formed on the surface of the composite samples, showing good bioactivity. Moreover, it was found that the composite could promote proliferation of MG-63 cells, and the cells with normal phenotype extended and spread well on the composite surface. The implantation of the composite into the ulna of sheep confirmed that the composite was biocompatible and osteoconductive in vivo, and offered the PAA/HA/CS composite promising material for load-bearing bone substitutes for clinical application.
Successful ageing for psychiatrists
Authors: Peisah Carmelle 
Published: December 2015

Objective: This paper aims to explore the concept and determinants of successful ageing as they apply to psychiatrists as a group, and as they can be applied specifically to individuals. Conclusions: Successful ageing is a heterogeneous, inclusive concept that is subjectively defined. No longer constrained by the notion of “super-ageing”, successful ageing can still be achieved in the face of physical and/or mental illness. Accordingly, it remains within the reach of most of us. It can, and should be, person-specific and individually defined, specific to one’s bio-psycho-social and occupational circumstances, and importantly, reserves. Successful professional ageing is predicated upon insight into signature strengths, with selection of realistic goal setting and substitution of new goals, given the dynamic nature of these constructs as we age. Other essential elements are generativity and self-care. Given that insight is key, taking a regular stock or inventory of our reserves across bio-psycho-social domains might be helpful. Importantly, for successful ageing, this needs to be suitably matched to the professional task and load. This lends itself to a renewable personal ageing plan, which should be systemically adopted with routine expectations of self-care and professional responsibility.
Screening for the metabolic syndrome in Australia: a national survey of psychiatrists’ attitudes and reported practice in patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs
Authors: Laugharne Jonathan , Waterreus Anna J , Castle David J , Dragovic Milan 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To investigate current reported psychiatric practice in relation to screening for the metabolic syndrome in patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs within Australia. Method: A postal survey of all Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. A 28-item questionnaire inquired into different aspects of screening and monitoring for metabolic syndrome in patients on antipsychotic medication. Results: Of 3123 questionnaires sent, 955 were returned. Of respondents, 55% had no established metabolic monitoring protocol or guidelines in their work place, with 13% saying they did not know what to monitor to detect metabolic syndrome. Altogether, 76% reported there was no reliable system in place to remind them when to monitor. Fewer than 50% of respondents routinely check weight, fasting glucose or lipids in their patients on antipsychotics and under than 30% checked blood pressure. Waist circumference was routinely checked in fewer than 7% of patients. Basic monitoring equipment was reported unavailable in more than 50% of clinical settings. However, more than 80% of respondents considered monitoring for metabolic syndrome to be their responsibility and 83% felt they had a medicolegal obligation in this respect. Conclusions: Routine screening for metabolic syndrome in patients on antipsychotic agents, by Australian psychiatrists, is inadequate. Interventions to improve screening rates need to be developed, implemented and evaluated.
Neuroimaging in psychiatry: an update on neuroimaging in the clinical setting
Authors: Power Brian D , Nguyen T , Hayhow B , Looi JCL 
Published: December 2015

Objective: We offered guidance on the role of structural and functional neuroimaging modalities for the general psychiatrist and for trainees in the clinical setting. Methods: We outlined the utility of neuroimaging modalities in the clinical setting, specifically with a view to understanding the pathophysiology of manifestations of disease. Results: Both structural and functional neuroimaging modalities have a clear role in diagnostic evaluation in the spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusions: Whilst the role of neuroimaging in patients with mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders is less clear, structural and functional imaging modalities have utility in the clinical setting in the form of diagnostic refinement and in understanding the pathophysiology of disorders, towards explaining manifestations and planning treatment.
Quetiapine-induced cervical dystonia
Authors: Tso Grace , Kolur Uday 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Our objective was to report and describe a case of quetiapine-induced dystonia in an older lady with psychosis. Quetiapine is a second-generation antipsychotic and known to be rare in causing extrapyramidal side effects with rates similar to placebo. Conclusions: There have been few documented cases of quetiapine-induced dystonia. It is important to be vigilant and consider the development of dystonia in patients who may not fit the typical risk profile.
The ageing practitioner: ANZCA’s recommendations
Authors: Baker AB 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The aim is to present recommendations of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) with respect to practice implications for ageing specialists, together with brief discussion of effects of ageing on professional medical capabilities and recommendations on preparing to retire from medical practice. Conclusions: Practitioners should recognise that planning for retirement is part of good management of a medical career, and that the ageing process will inevitably compromise their ability to treat patients safely unless they retire at the appropriate time. Planning should include adequate financial preparation, and cultivation of interests and friends outside medicine. Practitioners should also realise that insight is likely to be compromised, so that they should seek colleagues who are trusted to advise them if/when they begin to lose competency. Lastly all practitioners should ensure that they consult a General Practitioner frequently, and that they have arranged all the proper legal instructions such as a Will, a Power of Attorney and an Advanced Health Directive. The ANZCA recommendations concerning ageing specialists have wide application to all medical specialties, not just for anaesthetists, and therefore all Medical Colleges should generate their own specific recommendations for ageing practitioners and the general effects of fatigue particularly for aged practitioners.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Strength and Stiffness of Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis Screw Constructs
Authors: Jastifer James R. , Alrafeek Saif , Howard Peter , Gustafson Peter A. , Coughlin Michael J. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Subtalar arthrodesis is a common treatment for end-stage subtalar joint arthritis as well as many other clinical problems. The best method of subtalar arthrodesis fixation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the strength of subtalar arthrodesis fixation methods including a single posterior screw (SP), 2 posterior minimally divergent screws (MD) and a 2 screw highly divergent screw (HD) construct for subtalar arthrodesis. Methods: A biomechanical study was performed including the three different screw configurations (SP, MD, HD). These surrogate bone specimens were subjected to applied inversion and eversion torques about the subtalar joint axis on a servo-hydraulic load frame. Torsional stiffness of the construct and the maximum torque for each configuration were measured. Additionally, a cadaver study was performed using 5 fresh-frozen cadaver specimens. The perpendicular distance from the divergent screw guide-wire placement was measured from anatomic structures. Results: The HD screw configuration was found to have the highest torsional stiffness in both inversion and eversion, followed by the MD construct and then the SP construct. Similarly, the HD construct had the highest maximum torque versus the MD and SP constructs. All between-group differences were statistically significant ( P < .05). The mean distance from key structures to the divergent screw included the sural nerve (13 mm), peroneus brevis tendon (18 mm), tibialis anterior tendon (8 mm), and tibialis posterior tendon (21 mm). Conclusion: This biomechanical and cadaver study supports the use of 2 screws for fixation of subtalar arthrodesis over a single posterior screw. Additionally, we describe a biomechanically superior and potentially safe, alternative 2-screw divergent construct. Clinical Relevance: This study gives biomechanical support for 2 screw, divergent fixation of subtalar arthrodesis or a single over a single screw or two screw minimally divergent construct.
Power Boat Operators' Visual Behavior Patterns
Authors: Gatchell Susanne M. 
Published: December 2015

Power boat operators' visual characteristics were recorded with a corneal reflection eye movement system in order to determine their foveal fixations. Data were collected while three (3) subjects performed three (3) different types of navigation tasks at three (3) velocities in two (2) boating environments. Results indicate that boaters scanned a significantly larger area to the right of the vessel during a limited access water condition than during an open water condition. More fixations to the right of the boat during a limited access water condition may be related to the fact that their cockpit station is on this side of the vessel. A significant velocity-navigation task interaction was observed for the duration parameters. It has been speculated that this effect was due to a speed/accuracy trade-off. During a channel task with increased velocities, the durations increased. McDowell (1975) related similar increases in automobile drivers' durations to processing information more accurately. The decrease in durations, which the boaters exhibited during compass and visual reference tasks, may be related to an increased information processing rate.
Visual Workload of the Copilot/Navigator during Terrain Flight
Authors: Sanders Michael G. , Simmons Ronald R. , Hofmann Mark A. , DeBonis J. Nicholas 
Published: December 2015

The emphasis on aviator workload has been of primary concern to the US Army aviation community since the incorporation of low altitude terrain flight techniques into the helicopter tactics repertory. Since navigation has been a particularly acute problem at low altitudes, this project examined the visual workload of the navigator/copilot during terrain flight (nap-of-the-earth, contour and low level) in a UH-1H helicopter. Visual performance was measured via a modified NAC Eye Mark Recorder used in conjunction with a LO-CAM high speed camera. This technique provided the means to objectively record and analyze the navigator's visual performance through the examination of: (1) visual time inside the cockpit on flight and engine instruments, (2) time inside the cockpit on the map or other navigation aids, and (3) time outside the cockpit in various windscreen sectors. A visual free time task (Strother, 1973) was utilized to determine the amount of visual time the navigator had available, during flight over the prescribed course, for a nonflight related task. The data indicate that the navigator's normal workload was demanding; the visual free time task was utilized only 3% of the total time. The data also indicate that the duty of navigating required 92.2% of the copilot's total visual time while the engine and flight instruments were utilized only 4% of the time. These data are discussed in relation to the copilot's specified duties.
An Air Combat Effectiveness Study (ACES) Program
Authors: Youngling Edward W. , Levine Sheldon H. , Mocharnuk John B. , Weston Louise M. 
Published: December 2015

History has demonstrated that there is a pressing need for improved selection, training, and management procedures for fighter pilots. In World War II, only one in twenty pilots became an ace. The U.S. Air Force kill ratio in Southeast Asia was approximately 2.5 to 1. In contrast, the Israelis claim to have a kill ratio of 60 to 1. This feasibility study focuses upon enhancing our record of air-to-air combat kills through more stringent and comprehensive selection procedures. Specifically, empirical evidence is presented which demonstrates that a program can be developed to select pilots who will be effective in air-to-air combat. From reviews of U.S. and foreign selection research dating from World War II to the present and an assessment of pilot opinion from hundreds of aces, 45 factors were identified as potential predictors of combat effectiveness. Of these 45 factors, only 10 are adequately evaluated within current military selection programs upon entrance into pilot training. Assessment of the remaining 35 untapped factors is within our technological reach. In fact, many of these factors can be assessed by tests which are presently available. An Air Combat Effectiveness Study (ACES) program is recommended which would provide selection test measures for virtually all of the factors identified as underlying combat effectiveness. As part of the ACES program, selection test measures would be correlated with performance in air combat maneuvering ranges, thereby providing a method for selecting fighter pilots during peacetime. Armed with these selection test scores and an effectively executed validation program, researchers will, for the first time in history, be able to specify a definitive profile of the ace fighter pilot.
Psychological Evaluation of Telephone Switching and Transmission Performance
Authors: Cohen Harvey S. , Kort Barry W. 
Published: December 2015

In order to set standards for the performance of the telephone network, it is necessary to understand the subjective effects of the telephone service impairments we wish to control. In a laboratory environment, we asked subjects to play a computer-controlled game which required the frequent use of the telephone as a natural part of the game. Impairments to telephone switching service, such as dial-tone delay, post-dialing delay, and blocked call attempts, and impairments to telephone transmission quality, such as loss and noise were introduced into the telephone service which the subjects experienced. After each use of the telephone, the subjects rendered their opinion, on a five-point rating scale, as to the quality of telephone service just provided. The data produced by the experiment were used to construct a mathematical model of customer opinion as a function of the objective measures of telephone network performance. This model will enable us to analyze the present performance of the telephone system. More importantly, the model will enable us to estimate customer opinion for future telephone systems, were we to implement new or revised standards for the control of switching and transmission impairments.
In Situ Driving Performance and the Alcohol Impaired Driver
Authors: Damkot David K. 
Published: December 2015

Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), interview data, and unobtrusive measures of driving performance were obtained on public highways at 42 rural sites. Special data acquisition and recording systems were developed to obtain analog records of speed and lateral position electronically. Interview results confirmed that young male motorists are an important population-at-risk, but older male and female liquor drinkers are also prevalent. A double standard exists regarding attitudes toward beer and liquor, especially among younger males. Driving performance measures indicated that drivers with .08–.149 BAC react with caution to unexpected situations, but are less able to smoothly come to a stop when directed to do so.
“You try to keep a brave face on but inside you are in bits”: Grandparent experiences of engaging with professionals in Children’s Services
Authors: Tarrant Anna , Featherstone Brid , O’Dell Lindsay , Fraser Clare 
Published: December 2015

This article presents findings from an evaluation conducted in 2012, of the advice and advocacy service provided by the charity Family Rights Group for families involved with children’s services. It specifically focuses on the experiences of grandparents and explores accounts from grandparents who were either in the process of seeking care of their grandchildren or were already caring for grandchildren but without formal support or recognition. The findings suggest that there is a need to pay greater attention to the fears of such grandparents about children’s services in a context where there appears to be a policy preference for adoption. Also evident is a paradox at the heart of contemporary social work practices towards grandparents. While some felt dismissed and marginalized very quickly by social workers and imaginative approaches to care possibilities did not appear to be pursued, others were carrying enormous burdens of care often for very long periods of time without either financial support or legal recognition. To strengthen the care options for children and respect the ethic of care that is clearly to be observed operating in grandparenting practices, it is suggested that a more thorough interrogation of the multiple and often highly contradictory meanings attached to family is required on the part of social workers.
Who benefits more from hemodynamically guided hypotensive therapy? The experience from two randomized, prospective and controlled trials
Authors: Krzesiński Paweł , Gielerak Grzegorz , Stańczyk Adam , Piotrowicz Katarzyna , Skrobowski Andrzej 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Arterial hypertension (AH) may be related to fluid retention, increased vascular resistance or hyperdynamic heart function. Impedance cardiography (ICG) is shown to be useful in the individualization of antihypertensive therapy but little is known about who most benefits from this therapeutic approach. The aim of this analysis was to estimate the effectiveness of ICG-guided antihypertensive therapy with respect to baseline blood pressure (BP) from the perspective of 12 weeks’ observation in randomized, prospective and controlled trials. Methods: This analysis involved 272 patients (average age: 44.1 ± 10.8 years) with AH. After baseline evaluation, including: office BP measurement (systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP; mean, MBP) and ambulatory BP monitoring (mean 24-h SBP, mean 24-h DBP) the subjects were randomly assigned to groups of empiric [GE] and ICG-guided antihypertensive therapy [HD]. The results were evaluated separately in subgroups derived from median of MBP (110 mmHg): with slightly increased (‘SI_BP’) and more increased BP (‘MI_BP’). The comparative analysis included absolute change in BP (d_OSBP, d_ODBP, d_24-h SBP, d_24-h DBP) and the percentage of patients with reduction of BP ⩾ 10 mmHg (d10_OSBP, d10_ODBP, d10_24-h SBP, d10_24-h DBP). Results: ICG-guided therapy was shown to be superior to the empiric approach, especially in MI_BP. In this subgroup, the BP reduction in HD was higher than in GE: d_OSBP (23.3 ± 10.8 versus 18.5 ± 13.9 mmHg; p = 0.035), d_ODBP (16.0 ± 6.3 versus 11.6 ± 9.6 mmHg; p = 0.003), d_24-h SBP (17.7 ± 10.8 versus 13.1 ± 13.1 mmHg; p = 0.035). This benefit was also confirmed by a higher percentage of patients with significant BP reduction: d10_OSBP (87.7% versus 69.1%; p = 0.012), d10_ODBP (69.2% versus 47.3%; p = 0.012) and d10_24-h SBP (72.3% versus 52.7%; p = 0.012). The comparison in the SI_BP subgroup did not reveal such significant differences. Conclusions: The hemodynamically guided pharmacotherapy results in greater BP reduction. This effect is more pronounced in patients with higher baseline BP, while in those with slightly increased BP the empiric approach seems comparable to ICG.
A Nationwide Analysis of Pelvic Ring Fractures
Authors: Buller Leonard T. , Best Matthew J. , Quinnan Stephen M. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Previous studies evaluating the epidemiology of pelvic ring fractures and predictors of mortality are largely based upon non-US populations, potentially limiting their generalizability. This study sought to analyze trends of pelvic ring fractures and associated complications in the United States using the largest and most recent national data set available. The specific aims of this study were to determine whether the incidence of pelvic ring fractures changed over time, whether in-hospital mortality following pelvic ring fracture changed over time, whether hospital length of stay following pelvic ring fracture changed over time, and whether there are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, adverse events, or nonroutine discharge following pelvic fracture. Methods: The National Hospital Discharge Survey was queried to identify all patients admitted to US hospitals with pelvic ring fractures between 1990 and 2007. A cohort representative of 1 464 458 patients was identified, and multivariable logistic regression was used to find independent predictors of mortality, adverse events, and nonroutine discharge to another inpatient facility. Results: Between 1990 and 2007, the population-adjusted incidence of pelvic ring fractures increased from 27.24 to 34.30 per 100 000 capita ( P < .001). Mortality declined from 4.2% to 2.8% ( P < .001) paralleling an increase in the proportion of patients treated with surgical fixation (7.22%-10.36%). All forms of internal fixation were associated with decreased odds of mortality, while external fixation was associated with increased odds of mortality. Internal fixation was also associated with lower odds of adverse events and nonroutine discharge to inpatient facilities. The average in-hospital length of stay decreased from 11.2 days to 6.5 days ( P < .001). Conclusion: This study provides the largest and most comprehensive epidemiologic analysis of pelvic ring fractures in the United States. Knowledge of the increasing incidence of pelvic fractures and prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes may improve outcomes.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conversion of human platelet alloantigen allotypes
Authors: Zhang Nanyan , Zhi Huiying , Curtis Brian R. , Rao Sridhar , Jobaliya Chintan , Poncz Mortimer , French Deborah L. , Newman Peter J. 
Published: December 2015

Key PointsThe genome of iPSCs has been edited to encode antigenically-distinct human platelet alloantigens. The iPSC-derived megakaryocyte progenitor cells express the designed alloantigens for diagnostic, investigative, and future therapeutic use.