bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unique Capsule Locus in the Newly Designated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovar 16 and Development of a Diagnostic PCR Assay
Authors: Bossé Janine T. , Li Yanwen , Sárközi Rita , Gottschalk Marcelo , Angen Øystein , Nedbalcova Katerina , Rycroft Andrew N. , Fodor László , Langford Paul R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
causes pleuropneumonia, an economically significant lung disease of pigs. Recently, isolates of
A. pleuropneumoniae
that were serologically distinct from the previously characterized 15 serovars were described, and a proposal was put forward that they comprised a new serovar, serovar 16. Here we used whole-genome sequencing of the proposed serovar 16 reference strain A-85/14 to confirm the presence of a unique capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus. For molecular diagnostics, primers were designed from the capsule locus of strain A-85/14, and a PCR was formulated that differentiated serovar 16 isolates from all 15 known serovars and other common respiratory pathogenic/commensal bacteria of pigs. Analysis of the capsule locus of strain A-85/14 combined with the previous serological data show the existence of a sixteenth serovar—designated serovar 16—of
A. pleuropneumoniae
.
Ebola Preparedness: Diagnosis Improvement Using Rapid Approaches for Proficiency Testing
Authors: Lau Katherine A. , Theis Torsten , Gray Joanna , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The unprecedented 2015 Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa was declared a public health emergency, making diagnosis and quality of testing a global issue. The accuracy of laboratory diagnostic capacity for EBOV was assessed in 2014 to 2016 using a proficiency testing (PT) strategy developed by the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs (RCPAQAP) in Biosecurity. Following a literature search, EBOV-specific gene targets were ranked according to the frequency of their use in published methods. The most commonly used gene regions (nucleoprotein [NP], glycoprotein [GP], and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [L]) were selected for the design of
in vitro
RNA transcripts to be included in the simulated EBOV specimens used for EBOV detection with PCR-based assays. Specimens were tested for stability and found to be stable on long-term storage (1 year) at −80°C and on shorter-term storage in lyophilized form (1 week at ambient temperature and a subsequent week at −80°C). These specimens were used in three EBOV PTs offered from April 2014 to March 2016. In the first and third PTs, all laboratories (3/3 and 9/9, respectively) correctly identified specimens containing EBOV RNA transcripts, while in the second PT, all but one laboratory (5/6) correctly confirmed the presence of EBOV. The EBOV PT panel was useful for ensuring the competency of laboratories in detecting EBOV in the absence of readily available clinical samples. The simulated EBOV specimen was safe, stable, and reliable and can be used in lyophilized form for future EBOV PT programs, allowing simplicity of transport.
The Ongoing Genetic Adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Richter Sandra S. , Musher Daniel M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
has demonstrated a remarkable ability to adapt during the conjugate vaccine era. The increasing incidence of serotype 35B disease and emergence of a multidrug-resistant clone reported in this issue of the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
(L. Olarte et al., J Clin Microbiol 55:724–734, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01778-16
) underscore the limitations of pneumococcal vaccines that target the polysaccharide capsule.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Ensures Efficient Mumps Virus Replication by Assisting with Viral Polymerase Complex Formation
Authors: Katoh Hiroshi , Kubota Toru , Nakatsu Yuichiro , Tahara Maino , Kidokoro Minoru , Takeda Makoto 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Paramyxoviral RNAs are synthesized by a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) consisting of the large (L) protein and its cofactor phosphoprotein (P protein). The L protein is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes RNA synthesis, mRNA capping, and mRNA polyadenylation. Growing evidence shows that the stability of several paramyxovirus L proteins is regulated by heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). In this study, we demonstrated that Hsp90 activity was important for mumps virus (MuV) replication. The Hsp90 activity was required for L-protein stability and activity because an Hsp90-specific inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), destabilized the MuV L protein and suppressed viral RNA synthesis. However, once the L protein formed a mature polymerase complex with the P protein, Hsp90 activity was no longer required for the stability and activity of the L protein. When the Hsp90 activity was inhibited, the MuV L protein was degraded through the CHIP (C terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein)-mediated proteasomal pathway. High concentrations of 17-AAG showed strong cytotoxicity to certain cell types, but combined use of an Hsp70 inhibitor, VER155008, potentiated degradation of the L protein, allowing a sufficient reduction of 17-AAG concentration to block MuV replication with minimum cytotoxicity. Regulation of the L protein by Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperones was also demonstrated for another paramyxovirus, the measles virus. Collectively, our data show that the Hsp90/Hsp70 chaperone machinery assists in the maturation of the paramyxovirus L protein and thereby in the formation of a mature RdRp complex and efficient viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is nearly universally required for viral protein homeostasis. Here, we report that Hsp90 activity is required for efficient propagation of mumps virus (MuV). Hsp90 functions in the maintenance of the catalytic subunit of viral polymerase, the large (L) protein, prior to formation of a mature polymerase complex with the polymerase cofactor of L, phosphoprotein. Hsp70 collaborates with Hsp90 to regulate biogenesis of the MuV L protein. The functions of these chaperones on the viral polymerase may be common among paramyxoviruses because the L protein of measles virus is also similarly regulated. Our data provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of paramyxovirus polymerase maturation as well as a basis for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
5′-Phospho-RNA Acceptor Specificity of GDP Polyribonucleotidyltransferase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in mRNA Capping
Authors: Ogino Minako , Ogino Tomoaki 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The GDP polyribonucleotidyltransferase (PRNTase) domain of the multifunctional L protein of rhabdoviruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies virus, catalyzes the transfer of 5′-phospho-RNA (pRNA) from 5′-triphospho-RNA (pppRNA) to GDP via a covalent enzyme-pRNA intermediate to generate a 5′-cap structure (GpppA). Here, using an improved oligo-RNA capping assay with the VSV L protein, we showed that the Michaelis constants for GDP and pppAACAG (VSV mRNA-start sequence) are 0.03 and 0.4 μM, respectively. A competition assay between GDP and GDP analogues in the GpppA formation and pRNA transfer assay using GDP analogues as pRNA acceptors indicated that the PRNTase domain recognizes the C-2-amino group, but not the C-6-oxo group, N-1-hydrogen, or N-7-nitrogen, of GDP for the cap formation. 2,6-Diaminopurine-riboside (DAP), 7-deazaguanosine (7-deaza-G), and 7-methylguanosine (m
7
G) diphosphates efficiently accepted pRNA, resulting in the formation of DAPpppA, 7-deaza-GpppA, and m
7
GpppA (cap 0), respectively. Furthermore, either the 2′- or 3′-hydroxyl group of GDP was found to be required for efficient pRNA transfer. A 5′-diphosphate form of antiviral ribavirin weakly inhibited the GpppA formation but did not act as a pRNA acceptor. These results indicate that the PRNTase domain has a unique guanosine-binding mode different from that of eukaryotic mRNA capping enzyme, guanylyltransferase.

IMPORTANCE
mRNAs of nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses, such as VSV, possess a fully methylated cap structure, which is required for mRNA stability, efficient translation, and evasion of antiviral innate immunity in host cells. GDP polyribonucleotidyltransferase (PRNTase) is an unconventional mRNA capping enzyme of NNS RNA viruses that is distinct from the eukaryotic mRNA capping enzyme, guanylyltransferase. In this study, we studied the pRNA acceptor specificity of VSV PRNTase using various GDP analogues and identified chemical groups of GDP as essential for the substrate activity. The findings presented here are useful not only for understanding the mechanism of the substrate recognition with PRNTase but also for designing antiviral agents targeting this enzyme.
Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Glycoproteins B, H, and L Are Sufficient for, and Viral Glycoprotein Ov8 Can Enhance, Cell-Cell Membrane Fusion
Authors: AlHajri Salim M. , Cunha Cristina W. , Nicola Anthony V. , Aguilar Hector C. , Li Hong , Taus Naomi S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a gammaherpesvirus in the genus
Macavirus
that is carried asymptomatically by sheep. Infection of poorly adapted animals with OvHV-2 results in sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, a fatal disease characterized by lymphoproliferation and vasculitis. There is no treatment or vaccine for the disease and no cell culture system to propagate the virus. The lack of cell culture has hindered studies of OvHV-2 biology, including its entry mechanism. As an alternative method to study OvHV-2 glycoproteins responsible for membrane fusion as a part of the entry mechanism, we developed a virus-free cell-to-cell membrane fusion assay to identify the minimum required OvHV-2 glycoproteins to induce membrane fusion. OvHV-2 glycoproteins B, H, and L (gB, gH, and gL) were able to induce membrane fusion together but not when expressed individually. Additionally, open reading frame Ov8, unique to OvHV-2, was found to encode a transmembrane glycoprotein that can significantly enhance membrane fusion. Thus, OvHV-2 gB, gH, and gL are sufficient to induce membrane fusion, while glycoprotein Ov8 plays an enhancing role by an unknown mechanism.

IMPORTANCE
Herpesviruses enter cells via attachment of the virion to the cellular surface and fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. Virus-cell membrane fusion is an important step for a successful viral infection. Elucidating the roles of viral glycoproteins responsible for membrane fusion is critical toward understanding viral entry. Entry of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), the causative agent of sheep associated-malignant catarrhal fever, which is one of the leading causes of death in bison and other ungulates, has not been well studied due to the lack of a cell culture system to propagate the virus. The identification of OvHV-2 glycoproteins that mediate membrane fusion may help identify viral and/or cellular factors involved in OvHV-2 cell tropism and will advance investigation of cellular factors necessary for virus-cell membrane fusion. We found that OvHV-2 glycoproteins B, H, and L are sufficient for, and viral glycoprotein Ov8 can significantly enhance, cell-cell membrane fusion.
Acute respiratory distress associated with a nasopharyngeal foreign body in a seven‐month‐old French bulldog
Authors: Duplan Florent , Gelens Hans , Amsellem Pierre 
Published: January 2017

This report describes an acute respiratory distress due to an unusual underlying disorder in a dog of a typical breed predisposed to the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. The physical examination revealed a stertorous breathing compatible with a nasopharyngeal disorder. Rhinoscopy and CT scan revealed a mass‐like structure obstructing both choanae. The foreign body was successfully removed by a ventral rhinotomy as an endoscopic‐assisted procedure failed to dislodge it. A follow‐up examination 14 days later documented a complete resolution of the respiratory signs. One could have expected that brachycephalic syndrome was the source of dyspnoea. However, knowledge of the history combined with thorough evaluation of the dog's airways allowed the diagnosis of a nasopharyngeal foreign body. Practically, the authors recommend complete airway examination including thoracic and cervical radiographs, direct evaluation of larynx, bronchoscopy and retroflexed rhinoscopy to assess the nasopharynx in all dogs with dyspnoea associated with upper airway obstruction.
First-in-Human Phase I Study of the Oral Inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 Epacadostat (INCB024360) in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Beatty Gregory L. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Clark Jason , Shi Jack G. , Bowman Kevin J. , Scherle Peggy A. , Newton Robert C. , Schaub Richard , Maleski Janet , Leopold Lance , Gajewski Thomas F. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine. Overexpressed in many solid malignancies, IDO1 can promote tumor escape from host immunosurveillance. This first-in-human phase I study investigated the maximum tolerated dose, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of epacadostat (INCB024360), a potent and selective inhibitor of IDO1.
Experimental Design: Fifty-two patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with epacadostat [50 mg once daily or 50, 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 700 mg twice daily (BID)] in a dose-escalation 3 + 3 design and evaluated in 28-day cycles. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Results: One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) occurred at the dose of 300 mg BID (grade 3, radiation pneumonitis); another DLT occurred at 400 mg BID (grade 3, fatigue). The most common adverse events in &gt;20% of patients overall were fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspnea, back pain, and cough. Treatment produced significant dose-dependent reductions in plasma kynurenine levels and in the plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio at all doses and in all patients. Near maximal changes were observed at doses of ≥100 mg BID with &gt;80% to 90% inhibition of IDO1 achieved throughout the dosing period. Although no objective responses were detected, stable disease lasting ≥16 weeks was observed in 7 of 52 patients.
Conclusions: Epacadostat was generally well tolerated, effectively normalized kynurenine levels, and produced maximal inhibition of IDO1 activity at doses of ≥100 mg BID. Studies investigating epacadostat in combination with other immunomodulatory drugs are ongoing. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3269–76. ©2017 AACR.
Um estrangeiro de mim mesmo: a identidade fragmentada em Berkeley em Bellagio, de João Gilberto Noll
Authors: Pereira Ânderson Martins , Farias Ariane Avila Neto de 
Published: January 2017

A literatura contemporânea vem expondo cada vez mais o “eu”, trazendo à tona a figura externa do autor, que há muito havia sido morta por pesquisadores estruturalistas. Para alguns teóricos, tais textos vão ser denominados “autoficção”. O presente trabalho busca discutir o romance de João Gilberto Noll, Berkeley em Bellagio (2002) a partir das noções acerca desse sujeito fragmentado apresentadas pelo gênero autoficcional. Pesquisadores como Diana Klinger defendem que, ao trazer relatos em primeira pessoa, a autoficção, ao mesmo tempo em que parece atender a demanda de um sujeito narcisista, demonstra o desmoronamento da concepção de um sujeito pleno. Tomando por pressuposto a relação da dicotomia “eu” e “outro”, acredita-se que, para a obra aqui analisada, a única forma de se sentir inteiro é abraçar o outro e renegar uma visão fixa de si mesmo.
Judeus Etíopes - Origens e Destinos
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Moreno 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo trata das origens dos judeus etíopes e do processo de chegada e integração destes ao Estado de Israel. Aborda o tema da exogenia e endogenia na história judaica, trazendo elementos da moderna pesquisa genética sobre este tema. Ao tratar de um grupo de “judeus limítrofes" procura discutir os elementos que procuram unificar a experiência judaica ao longo de tempos e espaços distintos, bem como os problemas e contradições desta visão unificadora no contexto atual da existência do estado de Israel.
As "Seven Tears" de John Dowland - Lacrimae Antiquae
Authors: Vasques Juliana 
Published: January 2017

A partir do séc. XVI, a melancolia se tornou umas das “doenças” da Era Elisabetana. Ao final desse século, a grande maioria das peças musicais inglesas, tanto vocais quanto instrumentais, continha figuras melancólicas. John Dowland é um dos principais representantes da melancolia elisabetana e se utilizou de diversos emblemas musicais para representá-la em suas obras. Dentre suas peças, algumas das mais representativas desta melancolia são as Seven Tears ou Lachrimae, que formam um ciclo de sete pavanas. O objetivo deste artigo é abordar a primeira das pavanas, Lachrimae Antiquae, através de uma análise retórica. Inicialmente, definiremos a melancolia musical elisabetana encontrando elementos que posteriormente serão utilizados em todas as Seven Tears de John Dowland.
A Antífona Virgo Prudentissima de Francisco Gomes da Rocha
Authors: Crespo Filho Silvio Augusto 
Published: January 2017

Um dos nomes mais destacados entre os músicos das Minas Gerais no Século XVIII é o de Francisco Gomes da Rocha. Seus dados biográficos são escassos, como, de resto, os de todos os outros compositores mineiros da época. Sabe-se que nasceu em Vila Rica e atuou com relevância, como compositor e cantor, nas últimas décadas do século, falecendo a 9 de fevereiro de 1808. Gomes da Rocha revela mestria refinada e um estilo mais próximo da música européia de sua época do que seus contemporâneos mineiros. Sua obra deve ter sido extensa, embora só algumas raras peças se encontrem hoje nos arquivos de nossa música colonial. A obra aqui analisada é parte da "Novena de Nossa Senhora do Pilar a 4, com Violinos, Violas, Trompas e Basso" composta em Vila Rica em junho de 1789. Foi das primeiras obras descobertas por Curt Lange, e por ele restaurada e editada
O "Ensaio sobre a Música Brasileira": Estudo dos Matizes Ideológicos do Vocabulário Social e Técnico-Estético (Mário de Andrade, 1928)
Authors: Contier Arnaldo Daraya 
Published: January 2017

No Ensaio sobre a música brasileira, Mário de Andrade, em 1928, utilizou um vocabulário técnico-estético e ideologicamente marcado por uma determinada interpretação da História do Brasil. Naquela obra, Mário realizou um estudo amplo e genérico sobre possíveis relações entre as músicas popular e erudita, almejando envolver emotivamente o jovem artista (compositor ou intérprete) no seu projeto em prol da nacionalização da música erudita brasileira. Para Mário, a Nação brasileira era considerada atrasada, sob os pontos de vista: econômico, social, político, cultural e filosófico. Apesar de criticar o atraso, a falta de tradição cultural e a "ignorância" estética da burguesia da Belle Époque, Mário assumiu no Ensaio, em alguns de seus trechos, uma visão "otimista" em face do futuro, exaltando o "progresso" como algo natural e inconscientemente internalizado no homem, capaz de voltar-se para as suas "raízes", contribuindo para a "libertação" do Brasil em face do seu passado musical visto como "decadente", em especial durante o período de 1889 a 1918. Mário esboçou no Ensaio uma pregação missionário-doutrinária, visando despertar nos artistas uma tomada de consciência de seus "erros", tais como: exotismo; individualismo exacerbado; mimetismo; apologia do tradicionalismo musical europeu.
Data Analysis of Upper Atmosphere Temperature Detected by Sounding Rockets in China
Authors: Li J. W. , Sheng Z. , Fan Z. Q. , Zhou S. D. , Shi W. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSounding rockets launched by China have collected data on the upper atmosphere for nearly 50 years. In this work, the data accuracy and variable characteristics of upper atmosphere temperature data, gathered at heights of 20–60 km over Jiuquan, China, during 1974–2014, were analyzed. The relative accuracy of sounding rocket temperature data was determined by comparing the data with Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) model data by season, and with Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) from theThermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED) satellite by year. The sounding rocket temperature data showed differences from MSIS in every season, with the minimum difference occurring in summer, the next smallest difference in winter, and the maximum difference occurring in autumn. The sounding rocket data showed smaller differences from the SABER data, although the deviation still fluctuated depending on the date and hour of the observations. In addition, the temperature distributions of the temperature profiles were examined at different times at the same heights. By linearly fitting the mean temperature profiles of each season, the statistical characteristics of the temperature changes with height were explored.
Investigating Child Sex Abuse Allegations: A Guide to Help Legal Professionals Distinguish Valid from Invalid Claims
Authors: Piper August 
Published: January 2017

This article is written to help prosecutors as well as defense counsel gain more knowledge of the science relevant to child sex abuse allegations. Increased knowledge reduces professionals' doubts about handling these enormously complex cases, and the greater confidence moves these professionals just a little way toward certainty. The behavioral sciences can assist legal professionals in their efforts to determine the validity of a given child sex abuse (CSA) allegation. To provide some information from those fields, the author reviewed the pertinent literature. Some findings emerged: 1) clinicians' judgments about the veridicality of unconfirmed CSA allegations may well lack a firm scientific basis; 2) no psychological test or method reliably indicates whether a child has been sexually mistreated, or whether someone has committed an act of abuse; 3) children do sometimes falsely accuse; 4) the concepts of “memory repression” and “recovered memory” are not scientifically substantiated; 5) medical evaluations are often inadequate to determine the presence or absence of sex abuse; 6) the most reliable indicator of sexual mistreatment is often not the physical examination, but rather the child's own report; 7) certain features of the child's account suggest that the accusation is valid. It is concluded that conducting such interviews is of paramount importance; suggestions are made to improve these interviews' quality.
Otosclerotic Involvement of the Cochlea: A Histologic and Audiologic Study
Authors: Elonka Dennis R. , Applebaum Edward L. 
Published: January 2017

This study sought correlations between sensorineural hearing loss and otosclerotic endosteal involvement in 29 temporal bones examined histologically. The sensorineural hearing loss of the affected parts of the cochlea was determined by the last antemortum bone conduction audiogram available. There were eight temporal bones with only stapes footplate involvement, six with one discrete focus of otosclerotic endosteal involvement, and 15 with two or more foci of endosteal involvement. Analysis of audiometric data showed that the group of bones with two or more foci of endosteal involvement had a similar incidence of 45 dB sensorineural loss (9 of 15 or 60%) as did the group with no endosteal involvement (5 of 8 or 62%). The group with two or more foci had a greater incidence of 60 dB or greater sensorineural loss (46%) compared with the groups with none (12%) or one focus (16%) involved. Correlation between hearing toss and involvement of cochlear endosteum was poor. Correlation existed in only 2 of 15 ears with two or more foci involving the cochlear endosteum. There was no correlation in the other groups. It appears that cochlear endosteal involvement alone may not be sufficient explanation for the sensorineural hearing loss found with otosclerosis, except in the most severely involved ears.