bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information in localisation microscopy
Authors: Cox Susan 
Published: December 2016

Localisation microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging structures at a lengthscale of tens of nm, but its utility for live cell imaging is limited by the time it takes to acquire the data needed for a super‐resolution image. The acquisition time can be cut by more than two orders of magnitude by using advanced algorithms which can analyse dense data, trading off acquisition and processing time.
Modelling the entire localisation microscopy dataset using a Hidden Markov Model allows localisation information to be extracted from extremely dense datasets. This Bayesian analysis of blinking and bleaching (3B) is able to image dynamic processes in live cells at a timescale of a few seconds, though it is very computationally intensive, requiring at least several hours of analysis. We demonstrate the performance of 3B on various live cell systems, including cardiac myocytes and podosomes, showing a resolution of tens of nm with acquisition times down to a second.
While analysing higher density images can improve the speed at which the data required for a super‐resolution reconstruction is acquired, there are still limits to the speed which can be achieved. Unlike in conventional fluorescence microscopy, these limits are not just set by the properties of the microscope, but are determined by the structure of the sample itself. This is because the local sample structure affects how quickly the information necessary to create an image of a certain resolution can be transmitted through the optical system. The theoretical limits will be discussed, and the effect on live cell experiments demonstrated.
High resolution
STEM
imaging and analysis of
2D
crystal heterostructure devices and nanoparticle catalysts
Authors: Haigh Sarah , Slater Thomas , Rooney Aidan , Prestat Eric , Gorbachev Roman , Withers Freddie , Novoselov Konstantin , Andre Geim 
Published: December 2016

The new generation of aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) instruments optimized for high spatial resolution energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy provide exciting opportunities for elemental analysis of nanoscale objects. Here I will discuss recent example applications from our studies of nanoparticle catalysts and 2D device heterostructures where these analytical capabilities have provided new insights to interpret the electronic and catalytic properties of such systems.
Elementally sensitive STEM EDX electron tomography provides a route to understanding full 3D morphology and chemistry with nanometre resolution. I will demonstrate results showing the effect of different elemental segregation on the catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles [1]. I will also discuss the current limitations of this technique, including compensation of detector shadowing using a time varied acquisition scheme, and recent progress towards quantitative analysis [2,3].

I will also present work demonstrating that cross sectional STEM‐EDX spectrum imaging can be used to reveal the internal atomic structure of van der Waals heterostructure devices produced by layering together multiple 2D crystals [4]. Recently we have studied light emitting diode devices, produced by mechanical exfoliation and subsequent stacking of 13 different 2D crystals, including 4 MoS
2
monolayer quantum wells [5]. Using cross sectional STEM spectrum imaging we reveal that the crystal interfaces of such devices are atomically flat and provide detailed structural information to help to explain the electroluminescence results obtained. Other 2D crystal heterostructures will also be discussed including those incorporating air sensitive 2D crystals, such as black phosphorus, that require fabrication under an argon atmosphere to preserve the device performance [6].

Finally recent work where customised modification of an in situ STEM holder system [7] has allowed us to perform high spatial resolution STEM‐EDX spectrum imaging during
in‐situ
gas and liquid phase experiments and at elevated temperature [8].
Beating Time and Space resolutions in Ultrasound for disruptive innovations in Medical Imaging
Authors: Tanter Mickael 
Published: December 2016

In the last fifteen years, the introduction of plane or diverging wave transmissions rather than line by line scanning focused beams has broken the conventional barriers of ultrasound imaging. By using such large field of view transmissions, the frame rate reaches the theoretical limit of physics dictated by the ultrasound speed and an ultrasonic map can be provided typically in tens of micro‐seconds (several thousands of frames per second). Interestingly, this leap in frame rate is not only a technological breakthrough but it permits the advent of completely new ultrasound imaging modes, including shear wave elastography, electromechanical wave imaging, ultrafast doppler, ultrafast contrast imaging, and even functional ultrasound imaging of brain activity (fUltrasound) introducing Ultrasound as an emerging full‐fledged neuroimaging modality.
At ultrafast frame rates, it becomes possible to track in real time the transient vibrations – known as shear waves – propagating through organs. Such “human body seismology” provides quantitative maps of local tissue stiffness whose added value for diagnosis has been recently demonstrated in many fields of radiology (breast, prostate and liver cancer, cardiovascular imaging, …). Today, first clinical ultrafast ultrasound scanners are available in the clinical world with such real time imaging of tissue elasticity. This is the first example of an ultrafast Ultrasound approach now widely spread in the clinical medical ultrasound community.

For blood flow imaging, ultrafast Doppler permits high‐precision characterization of complex vascular and cardiac flows. It also gives ultrasound the ability to detect very subtle blood flow in very small vessels. In the brain, such ultrasensitive Doppler paves the way for
fUltrasound
(functional ultrasound imaging) of brain activity with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution compared to fMRI.

Combined with contrast agents, our group demonstrated that Ultrafast Ultrasound Localization could provide a first
in vivo
and non‐invasive imaging modality at microscopic scales deep into organs.

Many of these ultrafast modes should lead to major improvements in ultrasound screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring.
Short and Efficient Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of non‐Natural (−)‐Muscarine and (+)‐allo‐Muscarine from Cyano‐Sugar Precursors Catalyzed by Immobilized Burkholderia cepacia Lipase
Authors: Carnero Alejandro , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Gotor Vicente , Fernández Susana , Ferrero Miguel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEnantiopure (2R)‐configured non‐natural (−)‐muscarine and (+)‐allo‐muscarine were efficiently synthesized by a chemoenzymatic approach from an easily accessible cyano‐sugar available on a large‐scale. The key enzymatic hydrolysis step was accomplished by immobilized Burkholderia cepacia lipase (also known as Pseudomonas cepacia lipase, PSL‐IM). The PSL‐IM‐mediated regioselective hydrolysis of the 5‐O‐toluoyl ester group in α‐ and β‐cyano‐sugars, furnished 3‐O‐toluoyl‐α‐cyano‐sugar and 3‐O‐toluoyl‐β‐cyano‐sugar, respectively, with total selectivity and in excellent yields. To demonstrate the industrial utility of this method, 3‐O‐toluoyl‐β‐cyano‐sugar was synthesized on a 10 g scale using PSL‐IM and the catalyst was reused. A key feature of the synthesis route described herein is the simultaneous hydrogenolysis of a tosyl group, reduction of a nitrile and deprotection of a toluoyl group using LiAlH4 in a one‐pot procedure. This study offers a green protocol for synthesis of two muscarine derivatives in high yields employing a concise four‐step strategy.magnified image
A Copper‐Benzotriazole‐Based Coordination Polymer Catalyzes the Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of (N′‐Substituted)‐hydrazo‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines from Azines
Authors: Kallitsakis Michael , Loukopoulos Edward , Abdul‐Sada Alaa , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Kostakis George E. , Lykakis Ioannis N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA series of new (N′‐substituted)‐hydrazo‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines was successfully synthesized via a facile one‐pot catalytic pathway utilizing azines and propiolate esters as starting materials and a one‐dimensional copper benzotriazole‐based coordination polymer as catalyst. In the absence of catalyst, the corresponding 5‐substituted 4,5‐dihydropyrazoles were formed in moderate to high yields. Fine‐tuning of the catalysts allowed us to gain more insights regarding the plausible reaction mechanism.magnified image
SelectfluorTM on a PolyHIPE Material as Regenerative and Reusable Polymer‐Supported Electrophilic Fluorinating Agent
Authors: Kawada Kosuke , Okano Koji , Iskra Jernej , Krajnc Peter , Cahard Dominique 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe first recyclable polymer‐supported electrophilic fluorinating agent was prepared by reaction of molecular fluorine with the triethylenediamine motif that is grafted onto a poly(4‐vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐divinylbenzene) polyHIPE material. The resulting polymeric SelectfluorTM‐type reagent demonstrated high efficiency in the fluorination of naphthol in the course of repeated sequences of fluorination and regeneration. It also reacted with the enol form and the sodium enolate of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.magnified image
Mixed‐Valence Nickel Bis(azamacrocycle) Compounds with Ghost‐Leg‐type Sheets
Authors: Hashiguchi Ryota , Otsubo Kazuya , Maesato Mitsuhiko , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Fujiwara Akihiko , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe fabrication of so‐called ghost‐leg sheets and their electronic properties is reported. This unique sheet structure is composed of one‐dimensional mixed‐valence nickel chains, which are linked with one another by bis(azamacrocycle) ligands. They are also topologically unique NiII/NiIII mixed‐valence complexes, as confirmed by X‐ray and optical measurements. Moreover, their magnetic susceptibilities indicated two‐dimensional antiferromagnetic behavior following the Fisher 1D chain model with interchain interactions, where spins on NiIII sites mutually interact antiferromagnetically in the sheets.
Quasimolecules in Compressed Lithium
Authors: Miao Mao‐sheng , Hoffmann Roald , Botana Jorge , Naumov Ivan I. , Hemley Russell J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnder high pressure, some materials form electrides, with valence electrons separated from all atoms and occupying interstitial regions. This is often accompanied by semiconducting or insulating behavior. The interstitial quasiatoms (ISQ) that characterize some high pressure electrides have been postulated to show some of the chemical features of atoms, including the potential of forming covalent bonds. It is argued that in the observed high‐pressure semiconducting Li phase (oC40, Aba2), an example of such quasimolecules is realized. The theoretical evaluation of electron density, electron localization function, Wannier orbitals, and bond indices forms the evidence for covalently bonded ISQ pairs in this material. The quasimolecule concept thus provides a simple chemical perspective on the unusual insulating behavior of such materials, complementing the physical picture previously presented where the global crystal symmetry of the system plays the major role.
Oxidative Intramolecular 1,2‐Amino‐Oxygenation of Alkynes under AuI/AuIII Catalysis: Discovery of a Pyridinium‐Oxazole Dyad as an Ionic Fluorophore
Authors: Shaikh Aslam C. , Ranade Dnyanesh S. , Rajamohanan Pattuparambil R. , Kulkarni Prasad P. , Patil Nitin T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOxidative intramolecular 1,2‐amino‐oxygenation reactions, combining gold(I)/gold(III) catalysis, is reported. The reaction provides efficient access to a structurally unique ionic pyridinium‐oxazole dyad with tunable emission wavelengths. The application of these fluorophores as potential biomarkers has been investigated.
Assessment of pre‐treatment technologies for bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse considering economics and environmental impact
Authors: Crimes J. , Isafiade A.J. , Fraser D.M. , Short M. , Bonomi A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis work involves the assessment of various pre‐treatment methods for the production of bioethanol in South Africa from sugarcane bagasse. The possibility of producing methane was also considered. The pre‐treatment methods that have been modelled are acid pre‐hydrolysis, steam explosion (acid‐catalysed and un‐catalysed), delignification with sodium hydroxide, acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. These pre‐treatment options were arranged in a superstructure, and optimization was performed by decomposing the superstructure into eight possible flowsheets. These flowsheets were then optimized in General Algebraic Modelling Systems by using economic and environmental objective functions sequentially. The solution space was used to evaluate the possible flowsheets in terms of both objectives. Steam explosion pre‐treatment would be recommended for the production of only methane. Acid hydrolysis can be added to steam explosion in order to produce glucose (for bioethanol production), and this increases profitability and reduces environmental impact of the steam explosion only flowsheet; however, the glucose flowrate from the steam explosion with acid hydrolysis flowsheet is low. The steam explosion with enzymatic hydrolysis flowsheet would be recommended to produce a higher glucose flowrate; however, the environmental impact of this flowsheet may be large if the electricity consumption of enzyme production is large. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancestral Variations in the Shape and Size of the Zygoma
Authors: Oettlé Anna C. , Demeter Fabrice P. , L'abbé Ericka N. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe variable development of the zygoma, dictating its shape and size variations among ancestral groups, has important clinical implications and valuable anthropological and evolutionary inferences. The purpose of the study was to review the literature regarding the variations in the zygoma with ancestry. Ancestral variation in the zygoma reflects genetic variations because of genetic drift as well as natural selection and epigenetic changes to adapt to diet and climate variations with possible intensification by isolation. Prominence of the zygoma, zygomaxillary tuberosity, and malar tubercle have been associated with Eastern Asian populations in whom these features intensified. Prominence of the zygoma is also associated with groups from Eastern Europe and the rest of Asia. Diffusion of these traits occurred across the Behring Sea to the Arctic areas and to North and South America. The greatest zygomatic projections are exhibited in Arctic groups as an adaptation to extreme cold conditions, while Native South American groups also present with other features of facial robusticity. Groups from Australia, Malaysia, and Oceania show prominence of the zygoma to a certain extent, possibly because of archaic occupations by undifferentiated Southeast Asian populations. More recent interactions with Chinese groups might explain the prominent cheekbones noted in certain South African groups. Many deductions regarding evolutionary processes and diversifications of early groups have been made. Cognisance of these ancestral variations also have implications for forensic anthropological assessments as well as plastic and reconstructive surgery. More studies are needed to improve accuracy of forensic anthropological identification techniques. Anat Rec, 300:196–208, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The expression patterns of the clock genes period and timeless are affected by photoperiod in the Mediterranean corn stalk borer, Sesamia nonagrioides
Authors: Kontogiannatos Dimitrios , Gkouvitsas Theodoros , Kourti Anna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo obtain clues to the link between the molecular mechanism of circadian and photoperiod clocks, we cloned two circadian clock genes, period (per) and timeless (tim) from the moth Sesamia nonagrioides, which undergoes facultative diapause controlled by photoperiod. Sequence analysis revealed a high degree of conservation among the compared insects fοr both genes. We also investigated the expression patterns of per and tim in brains of larvae growing under 16L:8D (long days), constant darkness (DD) and 10L:14D (short days) conditions by qPCR assays. The results showed that mRNA accumulations encoding both genes exhibited diel oscillations under different photoperiods. The oscillation of per and tim mRNA, under short‐day photoperiod differed from long‐day. The difference between long‐day and short‐day conditions in the pattern of mRNA levels of per and tim appears to distinguish photoperiodic conditions clearly and both genes were influenced by photoperiod in different ways. We infer that not all photoperiodic clocks of insects interact with circadian clocks in the same fashion. Our results suggest that transcriptional regulations of the both clock genes act in the diapause programing in S. nonagrioides. The expression patterns of these genes are affected by photoperiod but runs with 24 h by entrainment to daily environmental cues.
Simulating Trial Trenches for Archaeological Prospection: Assessing the Variability in Intersection Rates
Authors: Haneca Kristof , Debruyne Sofie , Vanhoutte Sofie , Ervynck Anton , Vermeyen Maarten , Verhagen Philip 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study we draw attention to the inherent variability in the results of trial trenching, when taking into account the countless variations in orientation and positioning of trenches. Grids of trial trenches were simulated time and again on the excavation plans of 16 archaeological sites from Flanders, Belgium. Orientation and positioning of the grid layout was shifted randomly, whilst the area coverage varied from 2.5% to 80%. The intersection rates of the archaeological features allow to gain more insight in trends and variability that are inherent to the chosen design of trial trenches. It is assessed how robust a chosen grid layout performs on (multi‐period) archaeological sites and how variable these results might be. The most effective layout appears to be a grid with short, parallel and discontinuous trenches or a standard grid, closely followed by 2 m wide continuous trenches. Implementing 4 m wide trenches reduces the effectiveness of the latter method substantially. When the area coverage of the trenches is below 10%, the results of the archaeological prospection become unreliable and can potentially lead to a substantial over‐or underestimation of the actual feature density on the site. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursive Generalized Maximum Correntropy Criterion Algorithm with Sparse Penalty Constraints for System Identification
Authors: Ma Wentao , Duan Jiandong , Chen Badong , Gui Guan , Man Weishi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo address the sparse system identification problem in a non‐Gaussian impulsive noise environment, the recursive generalized maximum correntropy criterion (RGMCC) algorithm with sparse penalty constraints is proposed to combat impulsive‐inducing instability. Specifically, a recursive algorithm based on the generalized correntropy with a forgetting factor of error is developed to improve the performance of the sparsity aware maximum correntropy criterion algorithms by achieving a robust steady‐state error. Considering an unknown sparse system, the l1‐norm and correntropy induced metric are employed in the RGMCC algorithm to exploit sparsity as well as to mitigate impulsive noise simultaneously. Numerical simulations are given to show that the proposed algorithm is robust while providing robust steady‐state estimation performance.
Estimation of Road Friction Coefficient and Vehicle States by 3‐DOF Dynamic Model and HSRI Model Based on Information Fusion
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Biyun , Chi Cheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVehicle states and the road friction coefficient in active safety control systems have become increasingly prominent. However, a low‐cost, high‐precision system in real‐time has yet to be achieved. The use of complex models has led to poor real‐time estimation, while variations in the road friction coefficient have often been neglected. This paper adopts information fusion technology by using DEKF theory for rapid simulation and estimation of these parameters. Using a vehicle dynamic model based on three degrees of freedom (3‐DOF) and the Highway Safety Research Institute tire model, DEKF recursive estimation models are established and verified. In the DEKF, two recursive state and parameter estimation models exist in parallel. The models are dependent upon each other and have real‐time interaction correction in order to forecast information, which quickly yields true value estimation in simulation. Experimental brake test results show that the DEKF estimator not only accurately estimates the vehicle state parameters, but also estimates the road friction coefficient in real‐time. This can reduce the cost of the vehicle sensor, and can estimate the status parameter, which is difficult to measure. The validity and feasibility of this algorithm have been verified by an HIL driving simulator, offering the possibility of future application in real cars.
Differential effects of endogenous, phyto and synthetic cannabinoids on thrombogenesis and platelet activity
Authors: Grambow Eberhard , Strüder Daniel , Klar Ernst , Hinz Burkhard , Vollmar Brigitte 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study analysed the impact of anandamide, cannabidiol (CBD), and WIN55,212‐2 on platelet activity and thrombogenesis for the first time. The effects of the cannabinoids on venular thrombosis were studied in the ear of hairless mice. Cannabinoid treatment was performed either once or repetitive by a once‐daily administration for three days. To assess the role of cyclooxygenase metabolites in the putative action of anandamide, in vivo studies likewise included a combined administration of anandamide with indomethacin. In vitro, the effect of the cannabinoids on human platelet activation was studied by means of P‐selectin expression using flow cytometry. Platelets were analysed under resting or thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP)‐stimulated conditions, both after cannabinoid treatment alone and after TRAP stimulation and subsequent cannabinoid exposure. Finally, platelet count was assessed after treatment with high concentrations of anandamide. Anandamide, but not CBD and WIN55,212‐2, significantly accelerated thrombus growth after one‐time treatment as compared to vehicle control. Co‐administration with indomethacin neutralized this effect. However, thrombogenesis was not altered by repeated treatment with the cannabinoids. In vitro, anandamide was shown to elicit a concentration‐dependent activation of resting human platelets. However, at higher concentrations anandamide reduced the response to TRAP activation associated with a decrease of platelet count. CBD and WIN55,212‐2 neither increased nor reduced activation of platelets. Acute exposure to anandamide elicits a cyclooxygenase‐dependent prothrombotic effect in vivo. Anandamide seems to affect human platelet activation by a concentration‐dependent toxic effect. By contrast, CBD and WIN55,212‐2 were not associated with induction of thrombosis or activation of platelets. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):581–590, 2016