bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating for trustworthy autonomous systems: exploring stakeholder perspectives on answerability
Authors: HATHERALL LOUISE , SETHI NAYHA 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of autonomous and semi‐autonomous systems (AS) poses important and pressing regulatory challenges. Underpinning these is the recognition that many different stakeholders will need to trust systems to ensure their effective adoption and implementation. However, research on stakeholder perspectives is lacking, and assessing trustworthiness is difficult due to ‘responsibility gaps’ where it is unclear where responsibility for harms arising from AS ought to lie. Bridging these gaps is important because holding one another responsible is how social trust is maintained, and trust is vital to unlocking the promise that AS hold. This article considers how the concept of answerability could provide a useful framework for boosting the trustworthiness of AS. We present findings from a series of stakeholder interviews identifying what answers different stakeholders need to trust AS in health, finance, and government applications, and consider the implications of our research for current proposals for regulating AS in the United Kingdom and the European Union.
Evaluation of paediatric herpes zoster cases: Comparison of herpes zoster attacks in children with and without underlying conditions
Authors: Gadimova Aysel , Arga Gül , Taşkın Esra Çakmak , Konca Hatice Kübra , Özdemir Halil , Çakmaklı Hasan Fatih , İnce Elif , İleri Talia , Dinçaslan Handan , Taçyıldız Nurdan , Ünal Emel , Ertem Mehmet , İnce Erdal , Çiftçi Ergin 
Published: October 2024

AimHerpes zoster is rarely seen in children, but is more common and more severe in those with underlying medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate cases of herpes zoster in all paediatric patients and to detail the clinical course and complications of this disease in children with and without underlying health problems in terms of similarities and differences.MethodsThe course of paediatric patients diagnosed with herpes zoster in a tertiary university hospital over a 19‐year period was evaluated from the time of diagnosis, divided into groups with and without underlying disease.ResultsIn our study, where we evaluated 150 herpes zoster attacks in 143 children, 79.3% of the patients (n = 119) had underlying diseases, while 20.7% (n = 31) were healthy children. The age at the time of primary varicella‐zoster virus and herpes zoster was significantly younger in the group without an underlying disease compared to the group with an underlying disease. Pain was reported more in the healthy group, and the duration of symptoms was longer. Ophthalmic nerve involvement was significantly higher in the group without a known disease. Treatment was administered in 90% of all attacks. In the group with underlying diseases, the duration of intravenous treatment and hospital stay were significantly higher as expected.ConclusionsThis study shows that herpes zoster attacks in healthy children can also progress with severe symptoms and complications. Approaches to reduce the burden of herpes zoster should be adopted and developed for all paediatric patients.
Effects of Chitosan‐Based Additive on Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community, Nutrients Digestibility and Lactation Performance in Goats
Authors: El‐Zaiat Hani M. , Al‐Marzooqi Waleed , Al‐Kharousi Kaadhia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecently, the potential of using chitosan (CHI) as a feed additive to enhance ruminal fermentation and improve animal performance has gained increasing attention in ruminant nutrition. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of CHI on rumen fermentation attributes and microbial composition, digestibility and milk performance in Dhofari goats. Twenty‐four lactating goats (27 ± 1.8 kg of initial live body weight) were fed a control diet comprising of Rhodes grass hay plus a concentrate feed mixture. Goats were assigned to one of three experimental treatments (n = 8 per treatment) as: (1) control diet with no supplement (CTRL), (2) control diet with 0.300 g/day CHI (CHI0.3) and (3) control diet supplemented with 0.600 g/day CHI (CHI0.6) for a 45‐day experimental period. Dietary supplementation with increasing doses of CHI decreased (p < 0.05) linearly ruminal pH (p = 0.023), total short chain fatty acids concentrations (p = 0.011), acetate (p = 0.013) and butyrate (p = 0.042) proportions, acetate to propionate ratio (p < 0.001), estimated methane (CH4) production (p < 0.001), ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.003) and protozoa abundance (p = 0.003). However, the ruminal propionate proportion augmented (p = 0.002) linearly with increasing doses of CHI in the diet. Increasing doses of CHI linearly increased the abundance of the ruminal propionate‐producing bacteria, while diminished acetate and CH4‐producing bacteria (p < 0.05). Serum total protein (p = 0.037) and glucose (p = 0.042) levels linearly increased as CHI doses increased in the diet. However, serum UREA levels decreased linearly (p = 0.002) by 21% with increasing CHI amounts in the diet. The digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre increased linearly with the increasing CHI doses (p < 0.05). Neither linear nor quadratic responses (p > 0.05) were observed in daily milk yield and feed efficiency by supplementing the diet with CHI. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with CHI at a dose of 0.600 g/day as a feed additive for dairy goats reduced estimated CH4 generation and improved fibre and protein digestion, with no influence on feed intake, milk yield or composition.
Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating during post‐partum among non‐Hispanic Black mothers
Authors: Kay Melissa C. , Bentley Margaret , Wasser Heather 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMaternal diet is a key predictor of child diet, yet an in‐depth inquiry into the barriers and facilitators for the adoption of healthy eating behaviours during the post‐partum period is lacking, specifically for non‐Hispanic Black mothers. This study used qualitative research methods to investigate healthy eating practices among a sample of non‐Hispanic Black mothers participating in a family‐based obesity prevention intervention. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 22 mothers who participated in the Mothers and Others: Family‐based Obesity Prevention for Infants and Toddlers intervention trial. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. A deductive and inductive process was used to develop a consensus codebook; once the data were coded, matrices were developed to explore the data and identify similarities and differences between respondents. Relevant themes were identified, and salient quotes were used to illustrate each theme. Mothers believed that time and taste were significant barriers to eating healthy. Social influence and social support had both positive and negative influences on mothers' ability to adopt healthy eating behaviours. Despite their children often being a facilitator to healthy eating, many mothers struggled with finding the time, energy and desire to focus on themselves when it came to healthy eating. Many mothers were intent on preparing healthy meals and snacks for their children but did not prepare them for themselves. Future interventions should focus on the importance of role‐modelling healthy eating behaviours for their children and include behaviour change strategies that incorporate skill‐building activities emphasizing time‐saving methods for planning and preparing healthy meals and snacks for the whole family to eat.
Enter the matrix: Examining the psychosocial determinants of support for a technocracy of artificial intelligence
Authors: Dono Marcos , Moreno Bella Eva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) stands as the most transformative technology since the Industrial Revolution. As AI is integrated into different domains of life, it is likely to also permeate politics. In fact, some voices already advocate for AI to make political decisions. This paper emphasizes the necessity to delve into the psychosocial determinants shaping support for supporting a technocracy of AI (TecAI). The research aims to ascertain whether anomie, moderated by NCC and SDO, predicts support for TecAI across three studies involving Spanish participants (Ntotal = 754). The findings confirm anomie's predictive power on support of TecAI, albeit without establishing causality consistently, as anomie's condition failed to alter support for TecAI in experiments 2 and 3. However, an exploratory analysis showed a small effect of the subdimension of “breakdown of leadership” on support for TecAI in a directional test, informing future research. Moreover, NCC and SDO did not significantly moderate the anomie‐support‐for‐TecAI link. Ideology also emerged as a consistent predictor, with conservatives consistently showing more support, a finding that ought to be re‐examined and clarified. This study marks an initial empirical exploration into AI's political perceptions, hinting at the need for further investigation into this critical domain.
Repeat Breeder Syndrome Therapies in Dairy Cows: A Review
Authors: Carbonari Alice , Burgio Matteo , Frattina Lorenza , Cicirelli Vincenzo , Rizzo Annalisa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRepeat breeder (RB) cows are clinically healthy animals with regular oestrous cycles that do not become pregnant after three or more services. This syndrome has an incidence ranging between 10.1% and 24%. Repeat breeder syndrome (RBS) in dairy cows leads to economic losses to dairy farmers by increasing the calving interval and consequently reducing milk and calf production. RBS has a complex oetiopathogenesis as many factors are involved in its onset. The causes can be grouped into two categories: causes leading to fertilisation failure and factors leading to early embryonic death. Accurate identification of the cause and early diagnosis of RBS is essential to minimise the problems that this issue brings to the farm, but is not always possible. Hypothesising the underlying aetiology of the syndrome is also crucial for targeted therapy, whether pharmacological or managerial. The aim of this review is to report the different therapies, proposed in the literature, for the treatment of RBS in cattle, based on the knowledge of possible aetiological causes.
A decision analysis of cancer patients and the consumption of ready‐to‐eat salad
Authors: Gomez Carly B. , Mitchell Jade , Marks Bradley P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of concern for cancer patients, who face higher morbidity and mortality rates than the general population. The neutropenic diet (ND), which excludes fresh produce, is often utilized to mitigate this risk; however, an analysis weighing the theoretical listeriosis risk reduction of produce exclusion aspects of the ND and possible negative tradeoffs has never been conducted. Consequently, this work constructed decision analytic models using disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) to compare the impacts of the ND, such as increased neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) likelihood, with three alternative dietary practices (safe food handling [SFH], surface blanching, and refrigeration only) across five age groups, for cancer patients who consume ready‐to‐eat salad. Less disruptive diets had fewer negative health impacts in all scenarios, with median alternative diet DALYs per person per chemotherapy cycle having lower values in terms of negative health outcomes (0.088–0.443) than the ND (0.619–3.102). DALYs were dominated by outcomes associated with NEC, which is more common in patients following the ND than in other diets. Switchover point analysis confirmed that, because of this discrepancy, there were no feasible values of other parameters that could justify the ND. Correspondingly, the sensitivity analysis indicated that NEC mortality rate and remaining life expectancy strongly affected DALYs, further illustrating the model's strong dependence on NEC outcomes. Given these findings, and the SFH's ease of implementation and high compliance rates, the SFH diet is recommended in place of the ND.
The Case of the DOXA Four: A Year in the School of Political Prisoners
Authors: Osipova Anastasiya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores media strategies used by the four former editors of the Russian independent student‐run journal DOXA during their year of pre‐trial domestic confinement between April 2021 and April 2022. This high‐profile case ended only two months after the beginning of Russia’s full‐scale war in Ukraine and the intensification of repressions against the internal political opposition. It also concludes a decade‐long phase in the conflict between the Russian state and its increasingly politicized youth. By maintaining a public presence during their house arrest despite the official prohibition, the DOXA Four entered into a media competition with police: Both groups were trying to reach an audience of Russian youth and shape the public image of oppositional students. While the state strove to intimidate, infantilize, and isolate the young people, the DOXA editors promoted collectivist forms of feeling and imagination to encourage political mobilization. In doing so, they aimed to break with the prevailing culture of ironic aestheticization of state violence and to re‐articulate political aesthetics for its generation.
Physiological influences on neurovascular coupling: A systematic review of multimodal imaging approaches and recommendations for future study designs
Authors: Burma Joel S. , Bailey Damian M. , Johnson Nathan E. , Griffiths James K. , Burkart Josh J. , Soligon Clara A. , Fletcher Elizabeth K. S. , Javra Raelyn M. , Debert Chantel T. , Schneider Kathryn J. , Dunn Jeff F. , Smirl Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this review, we have amalgamated the literature, taking a multimodal neuroimaging approach to quantify the relationship between neuronal firing and haemodynamics during a task paradigm (i.e., neurovascular coupling response), while considering confounding physiological influences. Original research articles that used concurrent neuronal and haemodynamic quantification in humans (n ≥ 10) during a task paradigm were included from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and PsychINFO. Articles published before 31 July 2023 were considered for eligibility. Rapid screening was completed by the first author. Two authors completed the title/abstract and full‐text screening. Article quality was assessed using a modified version of the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies. A total of 364 articles were included following title/abstract and full‐text screening. The most common combination was EEG/functional MRI (68.7%), with cognitive (48.1%) and visual (27.5%) tasks being the most common. The majority of studies displayed an absence/minimal control of blood pressure, arterial gas concentrations and/or heart rate (92.9%), and only 1.3% monitored these factors. A minority of studies restricted or collected data pertaining to caffeine (7.4%), exercise (0.8%), food (0.5%), nicotine (2.7%), the menstrual cycle (0.3%) or cardiorespiratory fitness levels (0.5%). The cerebrovasculature is sensitive to numerous factors; thus, to understand the neurovascular coupling response fully, better control for confounding physiological influences of blood pressure and respiratory metrics is imperative during study‐design formulation. Moreover, further work should continue to examine sex‐based differences, the influence of sex steroid hormone concentrations and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Optimizing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles Performance With Respect to Split Ratio and Intermediate Pressure
Authors: Tatli Akif Eren , You Dongchuan , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycles are getting more attention every day due to their high efficiencies. This study has examined determination of split ratio and intermediate pressure for maximum efficiency in various supercritical carbon dioxide recompression cycle configurations. Five cycle variants have been analyzed: reheating, partial cooling, partial cooling with reheating, intercooling, and intercooling with reheating. Partial derivatives of efficiency with respect to split ratio and intermediate pressure have been determined and set equal to zero to find optimum split ratio and intermediate pressure. This process has isolated the system's response to these two key parameters while keeping other cycle variables constant. Across all configurations, following parameters have been fixed: inlet temperatures of 550 °C and 32 °C for turbine and compressor components, an energy source temperature of 600 °C, an ambient temperature of 27 °C, and pressure limits of 75 bar and 200 bar. Optimization results show that recompression–reheating cycle achieves the highest efficiency of 39.62% at an optimum intermediate pressure of 139.43 bar and a split ratio of 71.1%. Recompression–partial cooling cycle exhibits the lowest maximum efficiency at 37.35%, with an optimum intermediate pressure of 85.87 bar and a split ratio of 62.6%. Recompression–partial cooling with reheating cycle reaches a maximum efficiency of 37.98% at an optimum intermediate pressure of 123.94 bar and a split ratio of 67.2%, while the intercooling cycle and intercooling with reheating cycle attain 39.57% at an optimum intermediate pressure of 80.03 bar and a split ratio of 66.4% and 39.59% at an optimum intermediate pressure of 116.1 bar and a split ratio of 69.2%, respectively. Additionally, exergy destruction has been calculated for all components of the system and it is related to thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Predicting the Effects of Cryogenic Treatment and Impact-Oscillatory Loading on Changes in the Strength Properties of Stainless Steels
Authors: Chausov Mykola , Maruschak Pavlo , Pylypenko Andrii , Shmanenko Vladyslav 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
New experimental results concerning the strength properties of stainless steels are analyzed. In particular, the strength properties of steels were improved at room temperature using the preliminary impact-oscillatory loading (IOL) in liquid nitrogen. Mechanical tests performed on stainless steel 12Kh18N10T have found the IOL conditions (deformation of the material during pulse loading—εimp = 9.69%), under which the ultimate strength of steel increases by 32.2% compared to the initial state under subsequent static tensioning. Metallographic analysis of the deformed steel revealed twinning in the microstructure. This accounts for a significant increase in ultimate strength under subsequent static tensioning. A method for estimating the ultimate strength of stainless steels of different chemical compositions by changing the percentage of the main chemical elements is proposed. To test this technique, stainless steel 12Kh18N9 was chosen. Similar studies using this steel at εimp = 9.5% in liquid nitrogen followed by static tensioning at room temperature have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Design and Simulation of eVTOL Aircraft Thermal Management System
Authors: Kang Sangkeun , Saias Chana Anna , Roumeliotis Ioannis , Broca Olivier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper focused on designing a thermal management system (TMS) for a parallel hybrid electric (PHE) XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft used in urban air mobility (UAM) applications. The TMS is integrated into the aircraft system to assess its impact at aircraft and mission levels. Both liquid cooling and air-cooling TMS, along with using phase change materials (PCMs) for heat storage, were designed and assessed. Two liquid-cooling configurations, series and parallel, were evaluated, with the series configuration proving more effective in the considered test cases. The study compared hover and cruise conditions to determine optimal design point for the liquid-cooling TMS. Designing for hover resulted in about fourfold increase in the TMS penalty in fuel burn during cruise. Designing for cruise, on the other hand, proved infeasible to comply with the thermal management requirements during hover. Two approaches were explored to address this: Approach A involves adding PCMs as a heat storage system and approach B entailed redesigning the TMS with the heat load at off-design conditions for the inverter and motor. Both approaches resulted in a 24% and 46% increase in the TMS penalty in fuel burn compared to the design that solely considering cruise condition, respectively. The assessment of the designed aircraft systems, integrating the TMS for the considered test cases, revealed that the liquid-cooling TMS designed at cruise condition with Approach B emerged as the optimal design, showcasing a 42% improvement in fuel burnt per payload compared to the air-cooling TMS at the mission level.
The Role of the Working Fluid and Nonideal Thermodynamic Effects on Performance of Gas-Lubricated Bearings
Authors: de Waart Wessel , Pini Matteo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Small-scale turbomachinery operating at high rotational speed is a key technology for increasing the power density of energy and propulsion systems. A notable example is the turbine of an organic Rankine cycle turbogenerator for thermal recuperation from prime engines and industrial processes. Such systems typically operate with organic compounds characterized by complex molecular structures to allow the design of efficient fluid machinery and flexibility in matching the heat source and sink temperature profiles. Gas-lubricated bearings are considered advantageous compared to traditional oil-lubricated rolling element bearings for supporting the turbine rotor, enabling greater machine compactness and reduced complexity, and avoiding contamination of the working fluid. In certain operating conditions, however, the lubricant of the gas bearing is in thermodynamic states near the saturated vapor line or in the vicinity of the fluid critical point, whereby nonideal effects are relevant and may affect bearing performance. This work investigates the physics of thin film flows in gas bearings operating with fluids made by complex molecules. The influence of nonideal thermodynamic effects on gas bearing performance is discussed by analysis of the fluid bulk modulus. Reduced values of the nondimensional bulk modulus near the critical point or saturated vapor line decrease bearing performance. The main parameter characterizing the influence of molecular complexity on bearing performance is shown to be the acentric factor. For complex fluids with large acentric factors, the impact of nonideal thermodynamic effects on nondimensional bearing load capacity and rotor-dynamic characteristics is less pronounced.