bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Au sujet d’une proposition de règlement du Conseil de l’Europe concernant les stimulateurs de productivité
Authors: Willemart Jean-Pierre , Egron Louis 
Published: December 2017

About an EEC commission proposal for a council regulation concerning stimulating productivity factors.
This draft was suggested by the DG VI (Agriculture). In addition to the classical files for registration of veterinary medicines, and feed additives, these animal health products will be submitted to impact assessments. This will end by a decision allowing the administration or application to animals.
A critical examination of this proposal is undertaken.
What is the usefulness of these impact assessments ?
Most of the questions asked in this proposal are, in fact, treated in the classical files. The proposal seems objectionable, because it complicates the products authorization and increases the necessary time as to obtain an animal health product registration.
Efficacité de la spiramycine et de la tylosine pour le traitement de la mycoplasmose chez des poussins expérimentalement infectés par Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Authors: Kempf Isabelle , Guittet Michèle , Morin Yannick , Bennejean Georges 
Published: December 2017

Des poulets exempts d’organismes pathogènes spécifiés âgés de 3 semaines sont inoculés par voie intratrachéale avec une souche virulente de Mycoplasma gallisepticum R-P10. A partir du 4e jour après inoculation, les oiseaux reçoivent de la spiramycine selon trois posologies différentes ou de la tylosine pendant 2 ou 3 jours consécutifs.
Les résultats montrent que les symptômes respiratoires et les lésions des oiseaux traités sont moins sévères que ceux des oiseaux non traités. La croissance des animaux est améliorée par les différents traitements. Les indices de réisolement de MG sont nettement réduits chez les oiseaux traités mais MG est réisolé dans tous les groupes 27 jours après inoculation.
Projet de Code de déontologie des vétérinaires soumis par le Conseil Supérieur de l’Ordre au Gouvernement pour promulgation d'un décret pris en Conseil d'Etat
Authors: Rondeau Christian 
Published: December 2017

Doté d’un pouvoir réglementaire, le Conseil Supérieur de l’Ordre élabore un Code de déontologie qui nécessite au fil du temps des refontes en fonction des évolutions que connaît la profession auquel il s’applique dans un environnement social lui-même très changeant.
L’étude présentée porte sur le dernier projet soumis par le Conseil Supérieur de l’Ordre au Gouvernement. Au-delà de quelques modifications de forme, les principales évolutions prises en compte concernent l’information du public, la publicité, les activités annexes, la dénomination «clinique vétérinaire», l’association des vétérinaires exerçant à distance.
Le Conseil d’Etat étudie actuellement ce texte avant d’en proposer une version définitive au Gouvernement pour promulgation sous forme de décret.
La méthode NORECOIN en restauration collective sociale. Nouvelle étude sur 3 ans
Authors: Catsaras Marc , Danjou Jean-Paul , Blankaert Christophe 
Published: December 2017

NORECOIN method in social collective restauration a new study during three years.
After a first study (1985-1986-1987) the analysis method NORECOIN (normalized, repeatitive, coded and integrated) was applied for 96 restaurants of social collective restauration (school restaurants) during a new period : 1988-1990. Were yet obtained : < 5 % of not conform cooked dishes and < 10 % of not conform or not satisfactory other dishes (entrées or desserts). In this case, the NORECOIN note ranged 2.5 to 3.
Les avantages et les inconvénients de l’utilisation des β-agonistes dans la production animale
Authors: Vanbelle Maurice 
Published: December 2017

Positive and negative effects of using β-agonists in animal production.
The use of β-agonists as repartitioning agents in meat animals has focused our attention during the last decade.
Will these agents revolutionize the meat industry ?
These drugs added to the diets in concentration varying from 0,25 to 25 ppm induce dramatic increases in muscle deposit. The skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with a tremendous reduction in fat deposition. These effects are in agreement with consumers demand. But a lot of problems and negative side effects must be solved. First of all the safety must be demons¬ trated for the animal health and for the consumer. Efficiency must also be confirmed for each species and dose response outlined. The exact mechanism of action has to be clarified and the meat quality may not be compromised by β-agonists. These dangerous drugs have to be banned in their actually known structure.
Avantages et inconvénients de l’usage de la somatotropine et hormones de même type dans l’élevage des monogastriques et des polygastriques
Authors: Fowler Vernon R. 
Published: December 2017

La production porcine en Europe se situe dans un contexte particulier sur le plan agricole, social et scientifique. Depuis plusieurs années, d’énormes efforts ont été fournis pour produire des porcs qui aient une bonne efficacité alimentaire et qui puissent aussi répondre aux normes de qualité fixées par le transformateur. Le problème majeur est de déterminer si l’utilisation de rPST améliore de façon significative la rentabilité dans les conditions de production qui prévalent en Europe.
Les expériences menées dans les élevages européens dans différents centres des Pays-Bas, d’Allemagne, d’Irlande, de France et du Royaume-Uni (Ecosse), ont montré clairement que l’utilisation de rPST améliorait considérablement la vitesse de croissance, l’efficacité alimentaire et particulièrement la teneur en tissu maigre des carcasses. L’augmentation la plus spectaculaire a été celle du taux de dépôt de tissu maigre et de la rétention quotidienne d’azote. Ces faits ont été constatés pour toutes les catégories de poids entre 35 et 140 kg et dépendent de la période et de la dose administrée.
Dans le travail réalisé en Ecosse, où les traitements ont été appliqués entre 35 et 95 kg de poids vif, pour une dose très élevée de 7 mg rPST/jour et un apport de protéines de 190 g/kg, le gain moyen quotidien du groupe traité était de 20% supérieur à celui du groupe témoin, et la teneur en azote de la carcasse augmentée de 10%. Dans l’étude effectuée aux Pays-Bas sur les bilans azotés en alimentation restreinte, l’accroissement du gain moyen quotidien était de plus de 10%, l’augmentation du gain protéique quotidien d’environ 305 et la diminution du dépôt quotidien de gras d’environ 10%, même chez le Piétrain. Dans l’ensemble, l’administration de rPST a entraîné une réduction de l’ingestion spontanée d’environ 5 % sauf dans l’expérience néerlandaise menée en conditions d’alimentation ad libitum, où l’ingestion spontanée était augmentée de 8% dans le cas des porcs Piétrain ou des porcs croisés pour la période 100-140 kg de poids vif.
La teneur en protéines des régimes s’est révélée être un facteur important pour que les effets de l’administration de rPST sur le dépôt de protéines puissent pleinement s’exprimer. Il existe maintenant d’immenses possibilités de réalisation d’expériences modèles permettant de trouver la meilleure combinaison possible entre génotype, régime, poids à l’abattage et administration de rPST, afin de tirer les meilleurs avantages de cette nouvelle technologie pleine de promesses.
Biotechnologies et méthodes rapides de diagnostic en médecine vétérinaire
Authors: Jolivet Gilbert 
Published: December 2017

Ce sont les techniques immuno-enzymatiques utilisant des anticorps monoclonaux beaucoup plus que les techniques d’hybridation moléculaire qui ont fait progresser les méthodes diagnostiques en rapidité et en simplicité.
Les progrès réalisés dans ce domaine justifient la variété et la large diffusion des “kits” de diagnostic. Cependant leur utilisation doit être bien maîtrisée pour éviter des interprétations erronées aux conséquences parfois graves.
L’une des premières conditions est de contrôler la qualité des réactifs biologiques. En France, la mise en œuvre d’une procédure de certification des produits commercialisés répond à cet objectif.
E se Deus existisse e morasse na Bélgica? riso, humor e releituras das narrativas bíblicas
Authors: Serafim Vanda 
Published: December 2017

Deus, alcoólatra e perverso, criou o mundo não por amor, mas por tédio. Essa é uma das premissas do filme O Novíssimo Testamento (2014) dirigido e produzido pelo belga Jaco van Dormael. A narrativa fílmica abre uma série de reflexões sobre a relação entre deuses e humanos, deuses e deuses e humanos e humanos. Ele vive na Bélgica com sua esposa, passiva e quase sem voz e Ea, sua filha pré-adolescente, com um estilo clichê-gótico de rebeldia, entediada com a vida dos pais e a íntima relação com a televisão. O objetivo é perceber como as releituras das narrativas bíblicas do Cristianismo realizadas sugerem o riso e o humor na atualidade. Para tanto, parte-se metodologicamente das discussões realizadas por Marco Napolitano acerca do cinema como fonte histórica e teoricamente dialoga-se com Henri Bergson e Sigmund Freud para pensar o riso e o humor na narrativa fílmica.
Bildung als Bürgerrecht oder: wozu Bildung?
Authors: Hoyer Timo 
Published: December 2017

Der Text befasst sich mit dem Schlüsselbegriff der deutschen Pädagogik: “Bildung”. Einleitend werden dessen semantische Unschärfe und Doppeldeutigkeit benannt sowie terminologische Abgrenzungen zu den
Nachbarbegriffen “Ausbildung” und “Erziehung” vorgenommen. Als ein wesentliches Strukturmerkmal von Bildung wird anschließend dessen Prozesscharakter herausgestellt. Bildung ist ein chronokratisches, auf Zeit
und Zeitlichkeit beruhendes Phänomen, was an konkreten Beispielen (subjektiv: Lernzeit, objektiv: Schulzeiten) erläutert wird. Bildung ist überdies ein topographisches Phänomen, da es an subjektiven (An-)Ordnungen und objektiven Räumlichkeiten gebunden ist; auch dieses Strukturmerkmal wird exemplarisch konkretisiert (Lebensweltentwürfe, Schulhausarchitektur). Nach diesen formalen Bestimmungen von Bildung wird die Problematik der Zielperspektive von Bildung aufgeworfen. Dies geschieht anhand der Frage nach dem Wozu
von Bildung. Ausgehend vom klassischen, neuhumanistischen Verständnis, das den Selbstzweck von Bildung (Zweck an sich) betonte, entwickelt der Vortrag ein gesellschaftspolitisch und demokratisch ausgerichtetes Bildungskonzept, das auf das von den Soziologen Ralf Dahrendorf postulierte Bürgerrecht auf Bildung hinausläuft. Auf zwei Leitziele zugespitzt wird die Frage nach dem Wozu der Bildung beantwortet: die Leitziele lauten Glück (gelingendes Leben) und Gerechtigkeit (Moralität).
Physical and Chemical Characterization of In-Situ Burn Residue Encountered by a Deep-Water Fishery in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Shigenaka Gary , Meyer Buffy , Overton Edward , Miles M. Scott 
Published: December 2017

2017-185 ABSTRACT
The response technique of in-situ burning was used to great effect during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. An estimated 220,000-310,000 bbl of surface oil was consumed by operational in-situ burn activities. Post-burn residues were not recovered, as most were denser than seawater and sank after the burns. However, late in 2010, a relatively small deep-water shrimp fishery operating on the shelf north of the Macondo wellhead encountered tarballs on or near the bottom at around 200 m. We physically and chemically characterized samples of these submerged tarballs to confirm them as originating from Deepwater Horizon burns and to understand the features that distinguish them from other residual oil types encountered during the course of the spill response. The chance intersection between a commercial fishery and residues from the in-situ burn operations suggest that the fate of in-situ burn residue should be factored into future spill response tradeoff analyses.
PREDICTION OF OIL DROPLET MOVEMENT AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION: LAGRANGIAN METHOD AND VDROP-J MODEL
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhao Lin , Shaffer Frank , Golshan Roozbeh , Boufadel Michel , King Thomas , Robinson Brian , Lee Kenneth 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT (2017-306):During subsurface oil releases, oil disperses into droplets whose trajectories depend on the droplet size. We report the measurements of the droplet size distribution (DSD) obtained from the release of diesel at 135 GPM from a horizontal pipe in the Ohmsett tank. The DSD was predicted using the model VDROP-J and matched the observation. Subsequently, the movement of the droplets was tracked using a Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) approach. Various forces affecting the migration of the droplets were considered, these include drag, buoyancy, lift, and added mass force. It was found that the lift force is negligible. The added mass force was negligible for droplets smaller than 500 μm.Visual observation and modeling indicated that large droplets (larger than 300 μm) tend to separate from the plume and migrate upward independently, which affects, not only the DSD of large droplets but also the resulting daughter droplets. This is an issue that has not been addressed in the literature. Our findings indicate that the DSD is needed to better predict the trajectory of oil blowouts.
Oil plume simulations: Tracking oil droplet size distribution and fluorescence within high-pressure release jets
Authors: Conmy R.N. , Robinson B. , King T. , Boufadel M. , Ryan S. , McIntyre C. , Abercrombie M. I. , Lee K. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Optical measurements have been used during oil spill response for more than three decades to determine oil presence in slicks and plumes. Oil surveillance approaches range from simple (human eyeball) to the sophisticated (sensors on AUVs, aircraft, satellites). In situ fluorometers and particle size analyzers were deployed during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Gulf of Mexico oil spill to track shallow and deep subsea plumes. Uncertainties regarding instrument specifications and capabilities during DWH necessitated performance testing of sensors exposed to simulated, dispersed oil plumes. Seventy-two wave tank experiments were conducted at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Simulated were oil releases with varying parameters such as oil release rate, oil temperature (reservoir temp ~ 80 °C), water temperature (&lt;8 °C and &gt;15 °C), oil type, dispersant type (Corexit 9500 and Finasol OSR52) and dispersant to oil ratio (DOR). Plumes of Alaskan North Slope Crude (ANS), South Louisiana Crude (SLC) and IFO-120 oils were tracked using in situ fluorescence, droplet size distribution (DSD), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene (BTEX). For the lighter SLC, bimodal droplet size with mean diameter &lt; 70 μm was achieved for 1:20 and 1:100 DOR, regardless of water temperature. Similarly, the medium ANS crude exhibited mean droplet diameter &lt;70 μm, but was bimodal only for the 1:20 treatment. Bimodal distribution was not achieved with the heavy IFO, but droplet &lt; 70 μm were observed for 1:20 warm waters, indicating poor dispersibility of the high viscosity oil even for jet releases. Results offer valuable information on the behavior and dispersibility of oils over a range of viscosity, DOR and environmental conditions. Findings have implications for fate and transport models, where DSD, chemistry and fluorescence are all impacted by release variables. This research was supported by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement.
METACOGNITIVE DECISION MAKING IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE-BEHAVIORAL BIAS IN RELATION TO PERCEIVED RISK
Authors: Kimrey LT Christopher M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-205
Catastrophic events like Deepwater Horizon, Exxon Valdez, major hurricanes, and other such anomalies have a tendency to overwhelm the initial crisis management leadership due to the chaotic nature of the event. The inability to quickly and accurately make critical assessments about the magnitude and complexity of the emerging catastrophe can spell disaster for crisis managers long before the response ever truly takes shape.
This paper argues for the application of metacognitive models for sense and decision-making. Rather than providing tools and checklists as a recipe for success, this paper endeavors to provide awareness of the cognitive processes and heuristics that tend to emerge in crises including major oil spills, making emergency managers aware of their existence and potential impacts. Awareness, we argue, leads to recognition and self-awareness of key behavioral patterns and biases. The skill of metacognition—thinking about thinking—is what we endeavor to build through this work.
Using a literature review and cogent application to oil spill response, this paper reviews contemporary theories on metacognition and sense-making, as well as concepts of behavioral bias and risk perception in catastrophic environments.
When catastrophe occurs—and history has proven they will—the incident itself and the external pressures of its perceived management arguably emerge simultaneously, but not necessarily in tandem with one another. Previous spills have demonstrated how a mismanaged incident can result in an unwieldy and caustic confluence of external forces. This paper provides an awareness of biases that lead to mismanagement and apply for the first time a summary of concepts of sense-making and metacognition to major oil spill response.
The views and ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Coast Guard or Department of Homeland Security.
AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR NEAR-REAL TIME PREDICTION OF OIL SPILLS FROM EU SATELLITE-BASED DETECTION SERVICE
Authors: Fernandes Rodrigo , Campuzano Francisco , Brito David , Juliano Manuela , Braunschweig Frank , Neves Ramiro 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-244:
The state-of-the-art in both operational oceanography, remote sensing, and computational capacity, enables now the possibility of developing near-real time, holistic automated services capable of dramatically improving maritime situational awareness to responding to oil spill emergencies.
Based on the European satellite-based oil spill and vessel detection service – CleanSeaNet (EMSA – European Maritime Safety Agency), which distributes oil pollution detection standardized notification packages in less than 30 minutes, a new automated early warning system (EWS) for near-real time modelling and prediction of the detected oil spills was developed. This EWS provides 48-hour oil spill forecasts + 24-hour backward simulations, delivering results 5–10 minutes after the reception of the oil spill detection notifications. These forecasts are then distributed in multiple formats and platforms (e.g. Google Earth, e-mail).
The oil spill fate and behaviour model used in this EWS is part of MOHID modelling system, and is coupled offline with metocean forecast solutions, taking advantage of autonomous models previously run in multiple institutions. The system is currently able to integrate various metocean forecasting systems, being agnostic about the data sources and applied locations, as long as their outputs comply with commonly adopted formats, including CF compliant files or CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service).
The EWS is currently operational in western Iberia, supporting Portuguese Maritime Authority, and is being expanded to neighbourhood regions (from Spain and Morocco) with high resolution metocean models (MARPOCS project funded by European Union Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection). Taking advantage of the coupling of MOHID oil spill model and CleanSeaNet, an oil spill hazard assessment is made in the Portuguese continental coast, based on the cumulative analysis of drift model simulations from previously detected spills using metocean model data, for a period between 2011–2016.
Although this EWS doesn’t replace on-demand operational oil spill forecasting systems, it supports maritime authorities with a fast first-guess forecast solution, allowing:Anticipation of tactical response (including visual inspection of the spill) and mitigation of the pollution episode;A more effective identification of the pollution source, and in case of suspected illegal spill, earlier actions towards effective prosecution of the polluter;In the other hand, the hazard assessment generated is a valuable instrument for the development of efficient planning and prevention strategies.
The EWS can be connected to any satellite-based detection service (inside or outside Europe) as long as the detected oil slicks are automatically distributed in a structured and standardized data format similar to CleanSeaNet.
Investigations of skeletal layer microstructure in the context of remote sensing of oil in sea ice
Authors: Courville Zoe R. , Lieb-Lappen Ross , Claffey Keran , Elder Bruce 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT (2017-159)The Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology – Joint Industry Program (JIP) funded a controlled basin experiment in November 2014 to assess the relative capabilities of a variety of oil in ice remote sensing techniques. An 80-cm sheet of level salt-water ice was grown in the Test Basin facility at the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in Hanover, New Hampshire. The basin ice was representative of natural level sea ice grown under quiescent conditions. This created a controlled baseline environment to compare different sensors with a manageable number of variables. The sensor testing spanned a two-month ice growth phase and a one-month decay/melt period. The detailed physical and electrical properties of the lab-grown ice sheet were monitored over the course of the experiment.Analysis of preliminary sensor data revealed that the skeletal layer--the soft, porous band of new ice crystals at the growing ice water interface--plays a significant role in the process of incorporation of oil into the ice sheet, with oil infiltration occurring between the small lamellae structures. In addition, the underwater sensors, particularly acoustic sensors, appeared to be very sensitive to skeletal layer properties, especially the surface roughness of the ice/water interface and the density of the skeletal layer.Preliminary X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) data collected as part of the experiment demonstrated a qualitative scale dependence of sensor response to the skeletal layer microstructure. We used a cold-hardened Bruker SkyScan 1173 micro-CT scanner, housed in a −10 °C cold room, to generate full 3-dimensional x-ray images of the sea ice samples. We have demonstrated that the system is capable of distinguishing areas of void space, brine, ice, and oil at 40 micron resolution. The micro-CT scans were used to characterize the skeletal layer of the ice, including measuring density, thickness, orientation and spacing of the lamellae at 39 – 71 micron voxel resolution.Characterizing the ice structure with high resolution micro-CT imaging may resolve some of the ambiguity in the sensor measurements and lead to improved accuracy of the numerical models that predict sensor performance in different oil and ice scenarios.