bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Karkarna Mustapha Zakariyya , Babura Salisu Muazu , Zubairu Zahrau , Namadi Faruk Abdullahi , Shehu Usman Lawal , Ringim Sadiq Hassan , Fitto Luka Buba , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Isma’il , Sidi Kamalu Shehu , Abdussalam Kabiru , Abdulkarim Ishaq Aliyu , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming an increasing public health problem. A study that reviewed patients receiving treatment in hemodialysis centers reported 79.2% of patients from Jigawa State to be managed for CKD. This study aimed to find the factors associated with CKD among adults from high-burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study design that utilized mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) of data collection (sequential explanatory) was used to study eligible respondents from the four local government areas (LGAs) reported to have a high burden of kidney disease. The modified WHO STEPS questionnaire, key informant interview, and in-depth interview guides were employed to collect information from the eligible selected community members. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative interviews.

Results:
The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 102 years, with a median of 45 (interquartile range = 30–80) years. The period prevalence over the past five years (2018–2023) of having kidney disease in the family was 67 (18.6%), while the point prevalence (currently having a patient with kidney disease) was 51 (14.1%). In terms of the distribution of cases by LGAs, Jahun reported more cases, 33.3% in the family within the last five years, followed by Hadejia 18.7%. In the same vein, respondents from Jahun 28.9% and Hadejia 16.5% reported more current cases of kidney disease in the family. The prevalence of ever had patient with chronic kidney disease in the family was significantly higher among those with systolic hypertension (BP) ≥140 mmHg (29.3%, P < 0.001). Elevated systolic BP was significantly associated with currently having a kidney disease patient (23.3%, P = 0.001). The interviews revealed late presentation and noncompliance to medications among those with risk factors as the perceived facilitators of kidney disease.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of kidney disease was alarming in the high-burden kidney disease areas. The government should develop a sustainable model for mass community screening of risk factors and community-based health insurance to effectively manage all identified cases.
Augmented Reality and Nursing Care Improvement: Enhancing Patient Outcomes and Nursing Efficiency
Authors: Gomathi B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The advanced technology of augmented reality (AR) is still finding its place in various fields, including healthcare. Much of the discussion of AR in this review article revolves around its potential to improve care in nursing, with particular emphasis on the effects on patient outcomes and work satisfaction among nurses. There are challenges in using conventional approaches to nursing education and clinical skill training, which include the availability of resources and real patients for practice. AR solves these issues by updating the learning mode, as students can immerse in virtually real and actual scenarios in clinical settings for nursing students. These simulations include procedures such as intravenous (IV) line insertion and emergency care, as well as the “skills check” that is presented immediately after providing retention of skills and assurance. In clinical applications, AR can display pertinent patient information, including physical examination data, laboratory data, or patient history, on the surface of the patient’s skin or the side of the bed. This real-time data integration increases the level of accuracy in monitoring, minimizes the possibility of human error occurrence, and increases the workflow rate. Moreover, AR can give step-by-step instructions and snap a clinician back to the key general rules of practice, which is highly essential during stressful conditions, such as in an emergency. However, going beyond the traditional roles of education and decision support, AR can help to optimize patients’ direct care and management activities, including IV-line insertion and wound evaluation. The present technology also has the advantage of giving valuable instruments of patient awareness, thus making patients easily understand even those medical conditions and treatments that may be perceived to be complicated and, therefore, enhance patient compliance with the recommended treatments. The demonstrated possibility to use AR to control the levels of pain and anxiety, along with other advantages, only proves the multifunctional nature of this technology. However, there are some setbacks in AR, such as technical ones, costs, and sufficient training for AR to be utilized optimally. The barriers that need to be overcome are also presented and require improvement for the implementation on a large scale. Further studies and innovations with health-care authorities and technology practitioners are essential for the advancement of AR in nursing care and its capability of enhancing patient well-being and nurses’ productivity.
Adrenaline and Anesthesia - Clinical Review
Authors: Kulandayan Indu , Sivanadiyan Kulandayan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adrenaline or epinephrine is one of the primarily important catecholamines in the general stress response and is manufactured in the adrenal medulla. In stress, it is secreted into the blood circulation and evokes many bodily transformations which prepare the body for the fight or flight response, some of which include tachycardia and hypertension, dilation of the air passages, and mobilization of energy reserves. This catecholamine surge can, however, cause myocardial stress, as evidenced during acute ischemia, hence an implication of increased risk of myocardial injury. In terms of functioning at the molecular level, adrenaline interacts with adrenergic receptors, which trigger intracellular processes associated with the readiness of a body to act fast as well as affecting more general forms of cardiac activity. Adrenaline stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, enhancing heart rate and contractility, vital under stress but harmful with constant exposure. It is metabolized in the liver and may also cause dysrhythmias when used together with some inhaled anesthesia such as halothane. In anesthesia, adrenaline gets used to increase the local anesthetic action of the drug by constricting blood vessels and thereby increasing the duration and extent of analgesia besides reducing the uptake of the anesthetic into the systemic circulation. The common dose schedule is 1 in 2 lakh of adrenaline which means 5 μ/mL. The usual dose should not increase to 3 μ/kg. Preferably, the dose can be supplemented after 10–15 min. The use of adrenaline also creates a plane to dissect. The duration of action of local anesthetic drug is prolonged following the addition of adrenaline. Epidural test doses detect accidental intravascular catheterization. There is evidence that adrenaline belongs to anesthetic protocols, enabling deeper anesthesia, which, in turn, contributes to more effective outcomes of the surgery and easier recovery. Adrenaline by way of its alpha 2 agonism is likely to increase the effects of local anesthetic drugs and inhalational agents. Still, practitioners must address those benefits against possible side effects since minor, albeit significant, changes in the electrocardiographic characteristics have been recorded with lignocaine–adrenaline mixtures. Adrenaline nebulization is used for acute respiratory conditions like croup postextubation. The dose is 0.5 mg/kg, max 5 mg, diluted in 2–3 mL saline, repeated every 30 min if needed, with monitoring for tachycardia and hypertension. For perioperative anaphylaxis, administer 0.5 mg intramuscular for adults, adjusted by age for children. Hence, adrenaline is extremely useful in local anesthesia because of its vasoconstrictive effects, which must, however, be monitored continuously for patient and operational safety.
Justification for the need to introduce a state classification of freight forwarders
Authors: Palamarchuk G. I. , Mikhailov E. V. , Zeitsev D. S. 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study is to establish criteria for classifying freight forwarders. SWOT and ABC analysis methods were used. Problem areas of the Russian transport services market were identified and a classification option for freight forwarders was developed. A restraining factor in the development of any operator company in the Russian market is low trust on the part of customers. Often, in order to attract a large number of customers, firms take on obligations for which they do not have the necessary resources. The creation of a normative classifier of freight forwarders will solve this problem. Thus, customers will receive better information about the services, and operators will be forced to improve the quality of services by increasing the level of customer focus and integrating innovative technologies. Based on the results of the study, an analysis of the transport services market was conducted and a classification option for freight forwarders by levels was proposed, which will allow the state to collect statistical information on the current state of affairs and form a further development strategy on its basis. This work can be used to develop the transport strategy of the Russian Federation. The practical significance of the study is an option for amending the current legislation in order to increase the level of interaction between customers and freight forwarding companies.
CHATGPT IN TEACHING PHYSICS HANDS-ON EXPERIMENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Kotsis Konstantinos T. 
Published: September 2024

This study explores the incorporation of artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT, to enhance the teaching of physics to primary school students. Using AI-driven simulations and interactive learning activities, the research demonstrates how these tools can convert abstract physics concepts into concrete educational experiences. The results suggest that ChatGPT promotes student involvement, inquisitiveness, and analytical thinking by offering personalized feedback and encouraging practical learning tasks. ChatGPT also significantly contributes to nurturing a positive attitude towards learning physics. ChatGPT helps students overcome the perceived challenges of the subject by providing instant feedback and clarification on physics principles, fostering a more enjoyable learning experience. The investigation underscores the importance of connecting theoretical understanding with real-world application through AI-supported experiments, reinforcing comprehension and nurturing a deeper understanding of the natural world. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the necessity for continuous evaluation of student engagement and academic achievements to gauge the impact of AI in the educational field. This ongoing assessment is crucial for understanding AI's effectiveness in education and making informed decisions about its future use. The study also addresses moral considerations related to data privacy and algorithm biases, highlighting the crucial need for ethical AI deployment in educational contexts. By stressing the importance of ethical AI deployment, the study aims to reassure the audience about the responsible use of technology in education. In conclusion, the study asserts that when integrated thoughtfully, ChatGPT can greatly enhance the educational environment, making physics more accessible and enjoyable for young students while preparing them for future scientific pursuits.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0770/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Development of Deep Ultraviolet LED Packaging
Authors: Shen Jichen , Wu Tianqi , Zou Jun , Wu Peng , Liao Yitao 
Published: September 2024

Deep ultraviolet light-emitting device (DUV-LED) package is a hotspot of growing concern for research scholars, it is through the LED semiconductor LEDs emit UVC band ultraviolet (typical wavelength 260 ∼ 280 nm), is a new type of healthy artificial light source, compared with the traditional UV light source mercury lamps, the DUV-LED has a wavelength of accurate and controllable, green. Due to the high-energy DUV-UV radiation capability, it has a strong bactericidal and inactivation effect on bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. In recent years, with the continuous progress of deep packaging technology, the optical efficiency and reliability of DUV-LEDs have been significantly improved. This paper summarizes the key technologies of DUV packaging, the performance of DUV-LEDs, and the application of DUV-LEDs, through the understanding of the packaging materials, packaging structure, packaging process, and so on to improve the performance of DUV-LEDs, so that it is better to apply to the market, which can be seen that the DUV-LEDs have a great prospect for development.

Received: 27 February 2024 | Revised: 23 May 2024 | Accepted: 2 September 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Jichen Shen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Tianqi Wu: Software. Jun Zou: Writing - review & editing, Supervision. Peng Wu: Validation. Yitao Liao: Project administration.
ACO-Guided Genetic Analysis: Exploring the Role of Genes in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhu Chengjiang , Yang Lin , Huang Xudong , Jin Kunpei , Pang Xinping , Song Xianghu , Sun Yue , Gao Chonghao , Wei Yanyu , Pang Chaoyang 
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder significantly impairing cognitive function and quality of life, necessitates an in-depth study of its pathogenic mechanisms. Despite extensive research, the disease's pathological mechanisms harbor numerous unknown elements. Analyzing DNA microarray data is crucial for elucidating gene co-expression relationships during AD's pathological processes. This study aimed at exploring the applicability of the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm in identifying linearly co-expressed genes in AD. This study utilized gene expression profile data of AD patients collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, employing the ACO algorithm to explore the co-expression relationships among AD pathogenic genes in different stages. Through the analysis of co-expression relationships, we identified four related genes (SDHA, NDUFA10, SDHC, and GPI). By using the co-expressed genes as features, we applied the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm for AD classification. The results of these experiments revealed that each model achieved average AUC values of 0.90, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.92, respectively. Our research findings reveal that the ACO algorithm provides a new perspective for in-depth exploration of the pathogenic mechanisms of AD.

Received: 19 June 2024 | Revised: 21 August 2024 | Accepted: 3 September 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Gene Expression Omnibus at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.

Author Contribution Statement
Chengjiang Zhu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Data Curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Lin Yang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Data Curation, Writing - original draft. Xudong Huang: Supervision. Kunpei Jin: Investigation, Resources. Xinping Pang: Investigation. Xianghu Song: Validation. Yue Sun: Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization. Chonghao Gao: Software. Yanyu Wei: Supervision, Project administration. Chaoyang Pang: Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
The molecular significance of BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells in women with breast cancer in West Algeria
Authors: Hacherfi Souhila Belkacem , Belghar Amel , Mesli Farida , Senhadji Rachid , Sahraoui Tewfik 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionEpigenetic alterations, in particular DNA methylation, are the most important mechanism that silences tumor suppressor genes during carcinogenesis. Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter in peripheral blood is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In the present study, we aimed, for the first time in western Algeria, to investigate the role of BRCA1 CpG promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) among breast cancer patients, as a potential biomarker for detecting breast cancer risk at an early age.Material and methodsThe methylation profile of the BRCA1 gene promoter and its frequency in PBCs, derived from 39 breast cancer patients, was explored by methylation-specific PCR (MSPCR). The association between methylation profiles and clinicopathological features was evaluated with SPSS statistics software to estimate a convenient biomarker for early detection of breast cancer.ResultsMSPCR results demonstrated that the methylation frequency of the BRCA1 gene promoter detected in PBCs is significantly higher than in other populations. It was observed in 23 of 39 (58.97%) breast cancer patients.ConclusionsOur study showed that the methylation of the BRCA1 gene promoter detected in PBCs’ DNA could have potential utility in clinical diagnostics as a new biomarker for breast cancer risk in Algerian women and for early detection.
The effect of Kenya’s immigration policy on regional integration in the East African Community
Authors: Okoth Titus Owino , Omuchesi Jonathan Ang'ani , Shanyisa Wilkister 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Kenya’s immigration policy on regional integration within the EAC. Although Kenya’s immigration policy aligns with the East Africa Community Map (EACMP), as detailed in the 2010 Kenyan Constitutional and the Kenyan Citizenship and Immigration Act of 2011. Obstacles persist that prevent the free movement of people, labour, establishment rights, and residence rights despite East African Community (EAC) foreign citizens being exempt from visa and work permit requirements. The Kenyan government, however, insists on demanding these documents. The study employed a mixed methods approach with a convergent parallel research design. Quantitative data was analysed using inferential statistics in SPSS version 25, while qualitative data was analysed through content analysis. A sample size of 400 respondents was used. The findings show that Kenya’s immigration policy has successfully encouraged the free movement of labour, people, establishment rights, and residence rights within the EAC. In conclusion, Kenya’s immigration policy has significantly contributed to advancing regional integration within the EAC. It is suggested that the Kenyan government simplify the permit procedures for EAC investors aiming to establish legitimate businesses in Kenya. The immigration policymakers in Kenya should ensure that the rights and benefits available for EAC foreign nationals wishing to reside in Kenya are covered by the policy in accordance with EACMP.
Global Competency of Pupils for Competitiveness in Public Primary School in Rivers State
Authors: Benebo-Solomon Wilhelmina  
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the issues of global competency amongst public primary school pupils in Rivers State. Education is said to be the bedrock of development, therefore the quality of education given to children at the childhood stage cannot be overemphasized. The education given to the child should make the child globally visible by possessing the requisite competency skills. These global competence skills include the critical thinking, self-awareness, identification of issues, use of varying languages, ability to analyses, synthesize and take action. The paper further highlighted the role caregivers should play in the instilling of these skills in children, However, the challenges of instilling these values and the implications it holds for the teacher were discussed and the way forward suggested.
Modern views on the management tactics of patients with sarcopenia in combination with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ахмедов В.А. , Исаева А.С. , Мариненко В.С. 
Published: September 2024

Введение. Распространенность саркопении в мире составляет 10% как у мужчин, так и у женщин. В последние годы все больше накапливается сведений о повышенной распространенности саркопении у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Известно, что гиподинамия сопровождается уменьшением мышечной массы и влияет на профиль выработки миокинов и на предотвращение дальнейшей потери мышечной массы и накопления внутрипеченочного жира. Секреция миокина иризина индуцируется физической нагрузкой, что, по-видимому, объясняет негативное влияние гиподинамии на стеатоз печени. Существует также связь между физической активностью и выработкой гепатокинов. Кроме того, потеря мышечной силы и отсутствие физической активности является фактором риска более прогрессирующей потери мышечной массы, накопления жира и усугубления воспаления, что приводит к порочному кругу повторяющейся гиподинамии и еще более выраженной саркопении. Результаты. В обзорной статье приводятся данные о влиянии различных типов физической нагрузки на саркопению. Отдельное внимание уделяется роли миокинов в патогенезе саркопении и современным препаратам — ингибиторам миостатина. Рассматриваются аспекты роли гипераммониемии в патогенезе саркопении и вопросы влияния на данный патогенетический механизм. Описываются аспекты нутритивной поддержки пациентов с саркопенией.
Background. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the world is 10% in both men and women. In recent years, there has been an increasing accumulation of information about the increased prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is known that hypodynamia is accompanied by a decrease in muscle mass and affects the profile of myokine production and its effect on preventing further loss of muscle mass and accumulation of intrahepatic fat. Irisin myokine secretion is induced by physical activity, which seems to explain the negative effect of hypodynamia on hepatic steatosis. There is also an association between physical activity and hepatokine production. In addition, loss of muscle strength and physical inactivity is a risk factor for more progressive loss of muscle mass, fat accumulation and worsening inflammation, leading to a vicious cycle of recurrent hypodynamia and even more severe sarcopenia. Results. The review article provides data on the effect of various types of physical activity on sarcopenia. Special attention is paid to the swarm of myokines in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the modern drug myostatin inhibitor. Aspects of the role of hyperammonemia in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and its influence on this pathogenetic mechanism are considered. The aspects of nutritional support for patients with sarcopenia are described.