bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“What Was That All About?” Flawed Methodologies in Explaining the Origins of ISIS (2003–2013)
Authors: Kazimi Nibras 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each of these three books takes a different approach to explaining the rise of the Islamic State. Fishman is trained in the nascent field of jihadist studies and focuses on jihadist media and intellectual output as well as on the accounts presented by captured documents, detainees, and defectors; Gerges is a scholar who provides an overview that encapsulates the historical, political, and cultural context of the events described; and Wood is a journalist exploring the unfiltered motivations and thoughts of the jihadis themselves. The three books complement one another and in many ways do not overlap. However, it is this reviewer's sense that there is still enough missing from these accounts, as a result of shortcomings in method, that ultimately detracts from the ability to comprehend the problem set presented by the Zarqawist “style” of jihadism.
Making a Mockery of Meat: Troubling Texture and the Failings of the “Flesh”
Authors: Stahl Geoff 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article considers the fraught nature of meat analogs, colloquially known as “mock meats” (such as Tofurky, facon, Veat, soysage, and so on). Meat analogs offer up a semiotic and ethical provocation—an uneasy and unsettling one for some, a comforting and nostalgic one for others—through their aspiration to “meatiness.” As these parodic foodstuffs in their naming make apparent, mock meats are unable to escape what Derrida refers to as the West’s privileging of “carno-phallogocentrism,” where in dietary terms meat remains the preferred point of reference. Drawing upon media stories, advertising, and promotional material from mock meat manufacturers, this article examines the ambivalence and signifying fuzziness of meat analogs in relation to larger debates about consumption and food ethics.
Ticks collected in late fall from hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads in Pennsylvania, 2013–2015
Authors: Farone Tracy S. , Campagnolo Enzo R. , Hutzelmann Amanda L. , Lind Amy E. , Everett Amanda A. , Minch Ryker L. , Fort Colin J. , Braumann Ryan E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Despite studies indicating the presence of Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Pennsylvania, no published studies confirm the prominence of the tick throughout the state. During the fall of 2013, 2014, and 2015, 9912 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads were presented at six chronic wasting disease sampling stations across Pennsylvania, where tick collection took place. A total of 2973 ticks, representing I. scapularis (n = 1990, 66.9%) and D. albipictus (n = 983, 33.1%), were recovered, reaffirming I. scapularis as the more prevalent tick in Pennsylvania and confirming the prominence of D. albipictus throughout the state.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification in the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Agility: A Study on Menoufia University Hospitals
Authors: Nafei Wageeh A. 
Published: December 2017

The overall objective of the study is to identify the role of Organizational Identification (OI) as a mediating variable in interpreting the impact of Quality of Work Life (QWL) on Organizational Agility (OA). The research community is composed of all employees at Menoufia University hospitals (University Hospitals, National Liver Institute and Students Hospitals) in Egypt. Due to the time and cost constraints, the researcher adopted the sampling method to collect the necessary data for the study. The appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.The research discovered a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of (1) that there is a positive effect between QWL and OI, (2) the existence of a positive impact between the dimensions of QWL and OA, (3) there is a positive effect between the dimensions of OI OA, (4) there is a positive effect of OI as a mediating variable in explaining the effect of QWL on OA at Menoufia University hospitals; that is, OI plays the mediating role in the relationship between QWL and OA. There is an impact on QWL on OA through OI at Menoufia University Hospitals.The study referred to a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: (1) re-studying and structuring of the system of wages in the hospital in a way that allows them to get the appropriate returns for their efforts, (2) providing a safe and healthy working environment at the University hospital, (3) improving QWL in terms of providing promotional opportunities, objectively, in accordance with specific standards and controls, (4) activating the training programs so that they are not limited to specific categories, (5) involving the employees in the decision making process, in view of the nature and sensitivity of the hospital work, which relates to the lives of citizens and requires a large amount of freedom to make decisions.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Electrocardiogram Monitoring of Pediatric Patients on Multiple QTc Interval–Prolonging Medications
Authors: Hutchins Lisa M. , Temple Joel D. , Hilmas Elora 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVES To determine whether dedicated pharmacy services improve the rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation. In addition, determine how pediatric institutions currently monitor patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation.
METHODS A pharmacist-driven monitoring protocol to detect medication-induced QTc interval prolongation was developed using published literature. If patients were prescribed 3 or more medications known to prolong the QTc interval, they were recommended to have a baseline ECG to assess the QTc interval. If 3 or more QTc interval–prolonging medications were administered for 5 or more days, a follow-up ECG was recommended. Patients prescribed medications known to prolong the QTc interval were identified. Prior to pharmacist intervention, electronic medical records were reviewed to determine if baseline and follow-up ECGs were obtained in patients meeting criteria for monitoring. A dedicated pharmacist then prospectively reviewed charts and recommended monitoring. The rate of monitoring during the intervention and baseline period was compared. To determine current practice at pediatric institutions, a survey was distributed to pharmacists.
RESULTS Pharmacist intervention improved the rate of ECG monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation from 47.8% to 100% (p = 0.0009). Of the 55 survey participants, 6 stated their institution had QTc interval monitoring procedures in place, 35 did not have any, and 3 had procedures in process.
CONCLUSIONS Targeted pharmacist intervention improved the rate of ECG monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced prolonged QTc interval. Our research and survey data reveal that institutions could benefit from targeted pharmacist intervention to monitor patients for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation.
Acetaminophen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Neonates
Authors: Luecke Caitlyn M. , Liviskie Caren J. , Zeller Brandy N. , Vesoulis Zachary A. , McPherson Christopher 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the current standard therapy for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), many neonates have contraindications to receiving or may fail NSAID therapy. To avoid surgical ligation, these patients may benefit from an alternative therapy. The objective of this research is to report the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA in a cohort of premature neonates.
METHODS Demographics and clinical course were retrospectively evaluated for all neonates admitted during the study period who received acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA. Initial acetaminophen dosing was 15 mg/kg every 6 hours (88% intravenous). Efficacy was analyzed from ductal constriction on echocardiogram as well as need for further PDA treatment. Markers of hepatic and renal function as well as respiratory support and neonatal morbidities were evaluated to describe the safety of acetaminophen.
RESULTS Forty-one neonates were identified with a median birth weight of 760 g (IQR 614–948 g) and median gestational age of 25 weeks (IQR 24–27 weeks). Treatment was initiated at a median postnatal age of 15 days (IQR 8–19 days) for a median duration of 7 days (IQR 6–10 days). Twenty-seven neonates (66%) required no further PDA treatment, with echocardiographic PDA closure documented in 10 neonates (24%) and reduced ductal size in 15 neonates (37%). No clinically significant adverse effects attributable to acetaminophen therapy were detected.
CONCLUSIONS Most patients in this study responded to acetaminophen treatment for PDA, indicating that this therapy may be an option for extremely low-birth-weight neonates in order to avoid surgical ligation.
Tegn og deiksis
Authors: Togeby Ole 
Published: December 2017

Five theses about sign systems and articulation: It is shown that although most sign systems with single articulation (mathematics, predicate logic and sheets of music) lack deictic reference, the artificial language Ro has deixis. Double articulation of natural languages gives redundancy necessary for the performance in real time of the messages. In general, meaning is to be anchored to rhetorical situation, but mathematics and logic is not anchored and the meaning is consequently always generic. Natural sign systems have four types of meaning that are metacommunication of each other: conceptual meaning, propositional meaning, informational meaning and interactional meaning.
Plaider l’égalité pour mieux la dépasser : Gabrielle Suchon et l’élévation des femmes
Authors: Sabourin Charlotte 
Published: December 2017

Cet article se penche sur la contribution de Gabrielle Suchon à la célèbre « querelle des femmes ». J’y démontre que, quoique Suchon défende l’égalité des deux sexes en ce qui a trait à leurs capacités à la liberté, à la science et à l’autorité, elle vise ultimement à montrer que les femmes peuvent se rendre supérieures aux hommes. Je montrerai que son projet d’élévation des femmes ne peut être accompli qu’en soustrayant les femmes à l’influence des hommes, les relations entre les deux sexes étant foncièrement préjudiciables aux premières.
« La Minerve vient de faire sa physique »1
Authors: Rey Anne-Lise 
Published: December 2017

L’article montre qu’après la « révolution scientifique » opérée par l’introduction des idées de Newton en France, Émilie du Châtelet a construit un dispositif épistémique inventif qui lui permet d’articuler principes métaphysiques et experimental philosophy. Je cherche à exposer que, s’il y a bien une relative invisibilité du travail philosophique d’Émilie du Châtelet dans l’historiographie des Lumières, cela tient à la fois au statut de femme savante à cette époque (Émilie Du Châtelet ne peut être réduite ni à une traductrice des textes de Newton, ni à une vulgarisatrice des thèses de Leibniz), mais aussi à la situation philosophique d’Émilie du Châtelet, qui ne peut se réduire à aucune filiation (cartésienne, leibnizienne ou newtonienne) et qui élabore une philosophie naturelle originale.
EEG P300 wave detection using Emotiv EPOC+: Effects of matrix size, flash duration, and colors
Authors: Alzahrani Saleh , Anderson Charles W 
Published: December 2017

Objective: The P300 signal is an electroencephalography (EEG) positive deflection observed 300 ms to 600 ms after an infrequent, but expected, stimulus is presented to a subject. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of Emotiv EPOC+ headset to capture and record the P300 wave. Moreover, the effects of using different matrix sizes, flash duration, and colors were studied.
Methods: Participants attended to one cell of either 6x6 or 3x3 matrix while the rows and columns flashed randomly at different duration (100 ms or 175 ms). The EEG signals were sent wirelessly to OpenViBE software, which is used to run the P300 speller.
Results: The results provide evidence of capability of the Emotiv EPOC+ headset to detect the P300 signals from two channels, O1 and O2. In addition, when the matrix size increases, the P300 amplitude increases. The results also show that longer flash duration resulted in larger P300 amplitude. Also, the effect of using colored matrix was clear on the O2 channel. Furthermore, results show that participants reached accuracy above 70% after three to four training sessions.
Conclusion: The results confirmed the capability of the Emotiv EPOC+ headset for detecting P300 signals. In addition, matrix size, flash duration, and colors can affect the P300 speller performance.
Significance: Such an affordable and portable headset could be utilized to control P300-based BCI or other BCI systems especially for the out-of-the-lab applications.
Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed
Authors: Franek Marek , Režný Lukáš , Cabal Jiří 
Published: December 2017

Background. Exposure to noise in everyday urban life is considered to be an environmental stressor. A specific outcome of the reaction from environmental stress is a fast pace of life that also includes a faster pedestrian walking speed. There is a limited amount of experimental evidence that people tend to walk faster in an environment with dense traffic and traffic noise. On the other hand, listening to nature relaxation sounds may decrease actual walking speed. The present study examined an effect of listening to annoying acoustical stimuli (traffic noise) compared to relaxation sounds (forest birdsong) on walking speed in a real outdoor urban environment.
Methods. The participants (N=83) walked along an urban route of 1.8 km. The first part of the route was a street with driving cars, the second part was a dense oak alley that led out of the noisy street with traffic. There were three conditions in the experiment. The participants listened either to traffic noise or to forest birdsong; they walked without listening to any acoustical stimuli in the control condition. Their walking speed was measured for certain parts of the route. After completing their walk, participants were asked to describe their experience during the walk.
Results. A mixed ANOVA indicated a significant between-subjects main effect of the condition (F 2,160 = 14.80, p <.001, η2 = 0.16), significant within-subjects main effect of the section walked (F 2,320 = 103.28, p <.001, η2 = 0.39), and significant interaction between the section walked and direction of the walk (F 2,320 = 11.76, p <.001, η2 = 0.09). A post hoc test showed that participants listening to traffic noise walked significantly faster on the route than participants listening to forest birdsong sounds and participants in the control condition. Participants who listened to forest birdsong walked slightly faster than those under control condition; however, this difference was not significant. Analysis of the walk experience showed that participants who listened to forest birdsong during the walk liked the route more than those who listened to traffic sounds.
Conclusion. The study demonstrated that exposure to traffic noise led to an immediate increase in walking speed. It was also shown that exposure to noise may influence perception of an environment. The same environment may be more liked in the absence of noise or in the presence of relaxation sounds. The study also documented the positive effect of listening to various kinds of relaxation sounds while walking in an outdoor environment with traffic noise.
Broad spectrum pesticide application alters natural enemy communities and may facilitate secondary pest outbreaks
Authors: Hill Matthew P. , Macfadyen Sarina , Nash Michael A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPesticide application is the dominant control method for arthropod pests in broad-acre arable systems. In Australia, organophosphate pesticides are often applied either prophylactically, or reactively, including at higher concentrations, to control crop establishment pests such as false wireworms and earth mite species. Organophosphates are reported to be disruptive to beneficial species, such as natural enemies, but this has not been widely assessed in Australian systems. Neither has the risk that secondary outbreaks may occur if the natural enemy community composition or function is altered.MethodsWe examine the abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrate communities in an arable field over successive seasons under rotation; barley, two years of wheat, then canola. Two organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and methidathion) were initially applied at recommended rates. After no discernible impact on target pest species, the rate for chlorpyrifos was doubled to elicit a definitive response to a level used at establishment when seedling damage is observed. Invertebrates were sampled using pitfalls and refuge traps throughout the experiments. We applied measures of community diversity, principal response curves and multiple generalised linear modelling techniques to understand the changes in pest and natural enemy communities.ResultsThere was large variability due to seasonality and crop type. Nevertheless, both pest (e.g., mites and aphids) and natural enemy (e.g., predatory beetles) invertebrate communities were significantly affected by application of organophosphates. When the rate of chlorpyrifos was increased there was a reduction in the number of beetles that predate on slug populations. Slugs displayed opposite trends to many of the other target pests, and actually increased in numbers under the higher rates of chlorpyrifos in comparison to the other treatments. Slug numbers in the final rotation of canola resulted in significant yield loss regardless of pesticide application.DiscussionOrganophosphates are a cost-effective tool to control emergent pests in broad-acre arable systems in Australia. We found risks associated with prophylactic application in fields under rotation between different crop types and significant changes to the community of pests and natural enemy. Disrupting key predators reduced effective suppression of other pests, such as slugs, and may lead to secondary outbreaks when rotating with susceptible crops such as canola. Such non-target impacts are rarely documented when studies focus on single-species, rather than community assessments. This study represents a single demonstration of how pesticide application can lead to secondary outbreaks and reinforces the need for studies that include a longer temporal component to understand this process further.
Ionospheric Irregularities and Acoustic/Gravity Wave Activity Above Low‐Latitude Thunderstorms
Authors: Lay Erin H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIonospheric irregularities due to plasma bubbles, scintillation, and acoustic/gravity waves are studied in the low‐latitude ionosphere in relation to thunderstorm activity. Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measurements from the Low Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network and lightning measurements from the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network are compared during two summer months and two winter months in 2013. Large amplitude fluctuations in TEC are found to have a strongly peaked diurnal pattern in the late evening and nighttime summer ionosphere. The maximum magnitude and coverage area of these fluctuations increases as thunderstorm area increases. Summertime midamplitude fluctuations do not exhibit the same diurnal variation but do increase in magnitude and coverage area as thunderstorm area increases. Wintertime ionospheric fluctuations do not appear to be related to thunderstorm activity. These findings show that thunderstorms have an observable effect on magnitude and coverage area of ionospheric fluctuations.
Influence of Boulder Concentration on Turbulence and Sediment Transport in Open‐Channel Flow Over Submerged Boulders
Authors: Fang H. W. , Liu Y. , Stoesser T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper the effects of boulder concentration on hydrodynamics and local and reach‐averaged sediment transport properties with a flow over submerged boulder arrays are investigated. Four numerical simulations are performed in which the boulders' streamwise spacings are varied. Statistics of near‐bed velocity, Reynolds shear stresses, and turbulent events are collected and used to predict bed load transport rates. The results demonstrate that the presence of boulders at various interboulder spacings altered the flow field in their vicinity causing (1) flow deceleration, wake formation, and vortex shedding; (2) enhanced outward and inward interaction turbulence events downstream of the boulders; and (3) a redistribution of the local bed shear stress around the boulder consisting of pockets of high and low bed shear stresses. The spatial variety of the predicted bed load transport rate qs based on local bed shear stress is visualized and is shown to depend greatly on the boulder concentration. Quantitative bed load transport calculations demonstrate that the reach‐averaged bed load transport rate may be overestimated by up to 25 times when including the form‐drag‐generated shear stress of the immobile boulders in the chosen bed load formula. Further, the reach‐averaged bed load transport rate may be underestimated by 11% if the local variability of the bed shear stress is not accounted for. Finally, it is shown that for the small‐spaced boulder array, the bed load transport rates should no longer be predicted using a normal distribution with standard deviation of the shear stress distribution σ.
A Generalized Crystallographic Description of All Tellurium Nanostructures
Authors: Kim Min‐Seok , Ma Xing‐Hua , Cho Ki‐Hyun , Jeon Seung‐Yeol , Hur Kahyun , Sung Yun‐Mo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite tellurium being less abundant in the Earth's crust than gold, platinum, or rare‐earth elements, the number of industrial applications of tellurium has rapidly increased in recent years. However, to date, many properties of tellurium and its associated compounds remain unknown. For example, formation mechanisms of many tellurium nanostructures synthesized so far have not yet been verified, and it is unclear why tellurium can readily transform to other compounds like silver telluride by simply mixing with solutions containing silver ions. This uncertainty appears to be due to previous misunderstandings about the tellurium structure. Here, a new approach to the tellurium structure via synthesized structures is proposed. It is found that the proposed approach applies not only to these structures but to all other tellurium nanostructures. Moreover, some unique tellurium nanostructures whose formation mechanism are, until now, unconfirmed can be explained.
Piecewise Phototuning of Self‐Organized Helical Superstructures
Authors: Qin Lang , Gu Wei , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) exhibit selective reflection that can be tuned owing to the dynamic control of inherent self‐organized helical superstructures. Although phototunable reflection is reported, these systems hitherto suffer from a limitation in that the tuning range is restricted to one narrow period and the optically addressed images have to sacrifice one color in the visible spectrum to serve as the background, resulting from the insufficient variation in helical twisting power of existing photoresponsive chiral switches that are all bistable. Here, delicate patterns of three primary red, green, and blue (RGB) colors with a black background are presented, which is realized based on piecewise reflection tuning of the CLC induced by a newly designed photoresponsive tristable chiral switch. Three stable configurations of the chiral switch endow the CLC with two continuous and adjacent tuning periods of the reflection, covering not only entire visible spectrum, but also one more wide period within near‐infrared region. Therefore, the concept of piecewise tuning in CLC system demonstrates a new strategy for phototunable RGB and black reflective display.