bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane dynamics in mammalian embryogenesis: Implication in signal regulation
Authors: Wada Yoh , Sun‐Wada Ge‐Hong , Kawamura Nobuyuki , Yasukawa Jyunichiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEukaryotes have evolved an array of membrane compartments constituting secretory and endocytic pathways that allow the flow of materials. Both pathways perform important regulatory roles. The secretory pathway is essential for the production of extracellular, secreted signal molecules, but its function is not restricted to a mere route connecting intra‐ and extracellular compartments. Post‐translational modifications also play an integral function in the secretory pathway and are implicated in developmental regulation. The endocytic pathway serves as a platform for relaying signals from the extracellular stimuli to intracellular mediators, and then ultimately inducing signal termination. Here, we discuss recent studies showing that dysfunction in membrane dynamics causes patterning defects in embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis in mammals. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:33–44, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of antibiotics versus appendicectomy for non-perforated acute appendicitis
Authors: Sallinen V , Akl E A , You J J , Agarwal A , Shoucair S , Vandvik P O , Agoritsas T , Heels-Ansdell D , Guyatt G H , Tikkinen K A O 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
For more than a century, appendicectomy has been the treatment of choice for appendicitis. Recent trials have challenged this view. This study assessed the benefits and harms of antibiotic therapy compared with appendicectomy in patients with non-perforated appendicitis.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted for randomized trials comparing antibiotic therapy with appendicectomy in patients with non-perforated appendicitis. Key outcomes were analysed using random-effects meta-analysis, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
Five studies including 1116 patients reported major complications in 25 (4·9 per cent) of 510 patients in the antibiotic and 41 (8·4 per cent) of 489 in the appendicectomy group: risk difference −2·6 (95 per cent c.i. –6·3 to 1·1) per cent (low-quality evidence). Minor complications occurred in 11 (2·2 per cent) of 510 and 61 (12·5 per cent) of 489 patients respectively: risk difference −7·2 (−18·1 to 3·8) per cent (very low-quality evidence). Of 550 patients in the antibiotic group, 47 underwent appendicectomy within 1 month: pooled estimate 8·2 (95 per cent c.i. 5·2 to 11·8) per cent (high-quality evidence). Within 1 year, appendicitis recurred in 114 of 510 patients in the antibiotic group: pooled estimate 22·6 (15·6 to 30·4) per cent (high-quality evidence). For every 100 patients with non-perforated appendicitis, initial antibiotic therapy compared with prompt appendicectomy may result in 92 fewer patients receiving surgery within the first month, and 23 more experiencing recurrent appendicitis within the first year.

Conclusion
The choice of medical versus surgical management in patients with clearly uncomplicated appendicitis is value- and preference-dependent, suggesting a change in practice towards shared decision-making is necessary.
IMI Python: Upgraded CS Circles web‐based Python course
Authors: Djokic‐Petrovic Marija , Pritchard David , Ivanovic Milos , Cvjetkovic Vladimir 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of student demand for flexible education and learning alternatives has caused a significant increase in web‐based programming course offerings. In order to ensure easy and enjoyable ways of acquiring knowledge, many web‐based solutions have customized the design and content to student needs. This paper introduces a project of the Institute for Mathematics and Informatics (IMI) called IMI Python, an interactive online course. It is based on the open‐source Computer Science Circles (CS Circles) project. IMI Python aims to assist the target audience, primarily students, learn a spectrum of Python knowledge. The benefits of this enhanced system are multiple, both for students and their teachers. The course content is structured and divided by levels: basic, medium, and advanced. Flexible navigation through the different levels of difficulty and lesson units allows students to easily review any forgotten material and adopt new knowledge. Teachers have the ability to follow the progress of individual students or all students in a level, and communicate with them about their work. Teachers and students can communicate within the system to discuss individual exercises through a simple user interface. The system is enhanced with the possibility of testing students’ knowledge through quizzes. Quizzes are visible at assigned time intervals and are worth a certain number of points. By tracking students’ results, teachers can determine whether the site has enough quality material and what can contribute to its improvement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:464–480, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21724
A prognostic model for platinum‐doublet as second‐line chemotherapy in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Mo Hongnan , Hao Xuezhi , Liu Yutao , Wang Lin , Hu Xingsheng , Xu Jianping , Yang Sheng , Xing Puyuan , Shi Youwu , Jia Bo , Wang Yan , Li Junling , Wang Hongyu , Wang Ziping , Sun Yan , Shi Yuankai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPoor prognosis of advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the promising therapeutic effect of platinum urge the oncologists to evaluate the role of platinum doublet as second‐line chemotherapy and establish the definition of platinum sensitivity in NSCLC. We retrospectively analyzed 364 advanced NSCLC patients who received platinum‐doublet regimens as second‐line chemotherapy after platinum‐based first‐line treatment. Patients were divided into four groups by their time‐to‐progression (TTP) after first‐line chemotherapy: 0–3, 4–6, 7–12, and >12‐month group, respectively. Treatment efficacy of patients' overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and response rate (RR), as well as treatment‐related toxicity, were compared among the four groups. A prognosis score system and a nomogram were established by Cox proportional hazard model, and validated by concordance index (c‐index). Median OS was 14.0, 16.0, 20.0, 25.0 months for patients in the 0–3, 4–6, 7–12, >12‐month group, respectively. Age ≤60 years (P = 0.002), female (P = 0.019), and TTP>12 months (P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors. Prognostic score was calculated by adding 1 point each for any of the above three indicators, with a c‐index of 0.590 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.552–0.627). Median OS were equal to 25.0, 16.0, and 11.0 months for best (2–3 points), intermediate (1 point) and worst (0 point) category, respectively (P < 0.0001). A nomogram that integrated patient's age, gender, and TTP for OS has a c‐index of 0.623 (95% CI, 0.603–0.643). Female, younger than 60 years, and TTP greater than 12 months may indicate prolonged survival after platinum‐doublet second‐line chemotherapy in advanced NSCLCpatients.
The impact of early detection and intervention of breast cancer‐related lymphedema: a systematic review
Authors: Shah Chirag , Arthur Douglas W. , Wazer David , Khan Atif , Ridner Sheila , Vicini Frank 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBreast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) has become an increasingly important clinical issue as noted by the recent update of the 2015 NCCN breast cancer guidelines which recommends to “educate, monitor, and refer for lymphedema management.” The purpose of this review was to examine the literature regarding early detection and management of BCRL in order to (1) better characterize the benefit of proactive surveillance and intervention, (2) clarify the optimal monitoring techniques, and (3) help better define patient groups most likely to benefit from surveillance programs. A Medline search was conducted for the years 1992–2015 to identify articles addressing early detection and management of BCRL. After an initial search, 127 articles were identified, with 13 of these studies focused on early intervention (three randomized (level of evidence 1), four prospective (level of evidence 2–3), six retrospective trials (level of evidence 4)). Data from two, small (n = 185 cases), randomized trials with limited follow‐up demonstrated a benefit to early intervention (physiotherapy, manual lymphatic drainage) with regard to reducing the rate of chronic BCRL (>50% reduction) with two additional studies underway (n = 1280). These findings were confirmed by larger prospective and retrospective series. Several studies were identified that demonstrate that newer diagnostic modalities (bioimpedance spectroscopy, perometry) have increased sensitivity allowing for the earlier detection of BCRL. Current data support the development of surveillance programs geared toward the early detection and management of BCRL in part due to newer, more sensitive diagnostic modalities.
Blood lipids and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Bull Caroline J. , Bonilla Carolina , Holly Jeff M. P. , Perks Claire M. , Davies Neil , Haycock Philip , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Richards J. Brent , Eeles Rosalind , Easton Doug , Kote‐Jarai Zsofia , Amin Al Olama Ali , Benlloch Sara , Muir Kenneth , Giles Graham G. , MacInnis Robert J. , Wiklund Fredrik , Gronberg Henrik , Haiman Christopher A. , Schleutker Johanna , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Travis Ruth C. , Neal David , Pashayan Nora , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Stanford Janet L. , Blot William J. , Thibodeau Stephen , Maier Christiane , Kibel Adam S. , Cybulski Cezary , Cannon‐Albright Lisa , Brenner Hermann , Park Jong , Kaneva Radka , Batra Jyotsna , Teixeira Manuel R. , Micheal Agnieszka , Pandha Hardev , Smith George Davey , Lewis Sarah J. , Martin Richard M. ,   The PRACTICAL consortium
Published: March 2016

AbstractGenetic risk scores were used as unconfounded instruments for specific lipid traits (Mendelian randomization) to assess whether circulating lipids causally influence prostate cancer risk. Data from 22,249 prostate cancer cases and 22,133 controls from 22 studies within the international PRACTICAL consortium were analyzed. Allele scores based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be uniquely associated with each of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels, were first validated in an independent dataset, and then entered into logistic regression models to estimate the presence (and direction) of any causal effect of each lipid trait on prostate cancer risk. There was weak evidence for an association between the LDL genetic score and cancer grade: the odds ratio (OR) per genetically instrumented standard deviation (SD) in LDL, comparing high‐ (≥7 Gleason score) versus low‐grade (<7 Gleason score) cancers was 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.46; P = 0.11). A genetically instrumented SD increase in TGs was weakly associated with stage: the OR for advanced versus localized cancer per unit increase in genetic risk score was 1.68 (95% CI: 0.95, 3.00; P = 0.08). The rs12916‐T variant in 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) was inversely associated with prostate cancer (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.00; P = 0.03). In conclusion, circulating lipids, instrumented by our genetic risk scores, did not appear to alter prostate cancer risk. We found weak evidence that higher LDL and TG levels increase aggressive prostate cancer risk, and that a variant in HMGCR (that mimics the LDL lowering effect of statin drugs) reduces risk. However, inferences are limited by sample size and evidence of pleiotropy.
Biosynthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeevanandam Jaison , Chan Yen San , Danquah Michael K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBioresource‐based green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant interest as an emerging technology to reduce the toxicity of nanoparticles commonly associated with conventional chemical synthesis approaches. Studies on green synthesis of metal nanoparticles have been carried out with various biological materials including from bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. Plant extracts in particular have been extensively used for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and this is due to the presence of essential phytochemicals in plant extracts especially from the leaves. Leaf extract contains various types of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, and carboxylic acids, which play a major role in formulating and enhancing the bioactivity of the nanoparticles. This article discusses flavonoids as an essential phytochemical for the formation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and enhancement of their bio‐functionality and compatibility. In addition, bioprocess developments for the synthesis of metal as well as metal oxide nanoparticles from various biological materials are discussed.
Bimodal X‐ray and Infrared Imaging of an Organometallic Derivative of Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Clède Sylvain , Cowan Noemi , Lambert François , Bertrand Hélène C. , Rubbiani Riccardo , Patra Malay , Hess Jeannine , Sandt Christophe , Trcera Nicolas , Gasser Gilles , Keiser Jennifer , Policar Clotilde 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn organometallic derivative of praziquantel was studied directly in worms by using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) for quantification and synchrotron‐based imaging. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and IR absorption spectromicroscopy were used for the first time in combination to directly locate this organometallic drug candidate in schistosomes. The detection of both CO (IR) and Cr (XRF) signatures proved that the Cr(CO)3 core remained intact in the worms. Images showed a preferential accumulation at the worm's tegument, consistent with a possible targeting of the calcium channel but not excluding other biological targets inside the worm.
Morphology‐Specific Inhibition of β‐Amyloid Aggregates by 17β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10
Authors: Aitken Laura , Quinn Steven D. , Perez‐Gonzalez Cibran , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Penedo J. Carlos , Gunn‐Moore Frank J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of toxic aggregates of the β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ). Given that Aβ peptides are known to localise within mitochondria and interact with 17β‐HSD10, a mitochondrial protein expressed at high levels in AD brains, we investigated the inhibitory potential of 17β‐HSD10 against Aβ aggregation under a range of physiological conditions. Fluorescence self‐quenching (FSQ) of Aβ(1–42) labelled with HiLyte Fluor 555 was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect under conditions established to grow distinct Aβ morphologies. 17β‐HSD10 preferentially inhibits the formation of globular and fibrillar‐like structures but has no effect on the growth of amorphous plaque‐like aggregates at endosomal pH 6. This work provides insights into the dependence of the Aβ‐17β‐HSD10 interaction with the morphology of Aβ aggregates and how this impacts enzymatic function.
Tunable Di‐ and Mono‐γ‐C−H Arylation of Phenylacetamides by Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Huang Bin , Cao Xiaoji , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed C−H arylation of phenylacetamides in the γ position was realized for the first time by means of a domino process consisting of in situ directing group installation and C−H arylation. Unprecedented tunable selectivity between di‐ and monoactivation of the two identical γ‐C−H bonds was achieved by modifying the reaction conditions; this is a distinct feature of this one‐pot procedure for the C−H‐activation‐based synthesis of diverse amides.
Production of Adipic Acid from Sugar Beet Residue by Combined Biological and Chemical Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Hongfang , Li Xiukai , Su Xiaoyun , Ang Ee Lui , Zhang Yugen , Zhao Huimin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAdipic acid is one of the most important industrial dicarboxylic acids and is used mainly as a precursor to nylon‐6,6. Currently, commercial adipic acid is produced primarily from benzene by a chemical route that is associated with environmental, health, and safety concerns. Herein, we report a new process to produce adipic acid from an inexpensive renewable feedstock, sugar beet residue by combining an engineered Escherichia coli strain and Re‐based chemical catalysts. The engineered E. coli converted d‐galacturonic acid to mucic acid, which was precipitated easily with acid, and the mucic acid was further converted to adipic acid by a deoxydehydration reaction catalyzed by an oxorhenium complex followed by a Pt/C‐catalyzed hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. A high selectivity to the free acid products was achieved by tuning the acidity of the Re‐based catalysts. Finally, adipic acid was produced directly from sugar beet residue that was hydrolyzed enzymatically with engineered E. coli and two chemical catalysts in a yield of 8.4 %, which signifies a new route for the production of adipic acid.
Combined Operando X‐ray Diffraction/Raman Spectroscopy of Catalytic Solids in the Laboratory: The Co/TiO2 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Showcase
Authors: Cats Korneel H. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel laboratory setup for combined operando X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of catalytic solids with online product analysis by gas chromatography is presented. The setup can be used with a laboratory‐based X‐ray source, which results in important advantages in terms of time‐on‐stream that can be measured, compared to synchrotron‐based experiments. The data quality was much improved by the use of a relatively high‐energy MoKα radiation instead of the more conventional CuKα radiation. We have applied the instrument to study the long‐term deactivation of Co/TiO2 Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts. No sign of Co sintering or bulk oxidation was found during the experiments. However, part of the metallic Co was converted into cobalt carbide (Co2C), at elevated pressure (10 bar). Furthermore, graphitic‐like coke species are clearly formed during FTS at atmospheric pressure, whereas at elevated pressure fluorescence hampered the interpretation of the measured Raman spectra.
Clusters of Phospholipid Vesicles as Platforms for Glucose Oxidase‐Catalyzed Reaction in a Bubble‐Column Bioreactor
Authors: Yoshimoto Makoto , Sakakida Yuki , Tamura Ryota , Natsume Tomotaka , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClusters of negatively charged liposomes encapsulated with glucose oxidase were prepared in the presence of Ca2+ and used to catalyze the oxidation of glucose in an external loop airlift bubble column. The clusters exhibited higher catalytic activity compared to nonclustered glucose oxidase‐containing liposomes (GOLs) when the liposome membranes were incorporated with cholesterol. The clusters were structurally altered in shear flow to give sufficient interfacial area accessible to glucose. The reactivity of GOL clusters could be modulated on the basis of lipid composition of the membranes which affected the mode of interaction among liposomes through Ca2+. Part of GOL clusters could be separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation, which would be advantageous for reusing liposomal catalysts. The liposome clusters can be the platforms to regulate the catalytic performance of glucose oxidase in the airlift.
Hierarchical Ternary MoO2/MoS2/Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Hybrid Materials for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Haidong , Hu Huating , Wang Jun , Niehoff Philip , He Xin , Paillard Elie , Eder Dominik , Winter Martin , Li Jie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and electrochemical lithium‐ion storage behavior of hierarchical MoO2/MoS2/heteroatom‐doped carbon (MoO2/MoS2/HD‐C) ternary hybrid have been studied. This ternary hybrid is composed of ultrafine MoO2 nanowires and single/few‐layer MoS2 encapsulated by heteroatom‐doped carbon, constituting secondary cauliflower‐like microspheres. The synthesis is achieved through the synergistic interplay of a polymer and an ionic liquid as structure‐directing agents and carbon sources, using a solvothermal reaction followed by a simple thermal treatment. In this unique architecture, each component synergistically acts with a specific purpose. The HD‐C matrix with abundant defects and vacancies provides fast electronic conduction as well as interfacial storage, and buffers the volume changes during charging/discharging processes. The ultrasmall dimensions of both MoO2 nanowires and single/few‐layered MoS2 components enable rapid Li+ transport in all directions, which is of great benefit to the reversibility of “conversion” reactions. The hierarchical secondary structures assure the robust stability upon long‐term cycling. The ternary hybrid material exhibits enhanced Li+‐storage performance as well as reversible capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. A high reversible specific capacity of 1147 mA h g−1 is delivered at 50 mA g−1 together with excellent cycling stability, and 841 mA h g−1 can be retained after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g−1.
Methyl Complexes of the Transition Metals
Authors: Campos Jesús , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Peloso Riccardo , Carmona Ernesto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOrganometallic chemistry can be considered as a wide area of knowledge that combines concepts of classic organic chemistry, that is, based essentially on carbon, with molecular inorganic chemistry, especially with coordination compounds. Transition‐metal methyl complexes probably represent the simplest and most fundamental way to view how these two major areas of chemistry combine and merge into novel species with intriguing features in terms of reactivity, structure, and bonding. Citing more than 500 bibliographic references, this review aims to offer a concise view of recent advances in the field of transition‐metal complexes containing M−CH3fragments. Taking into account the impressive amount of data that are continuously provided by organometallic chemists in this area, this review is mainly focused on results of the last five years. After a panoramic overview on M−CH3compounds of Groups 3 to 11, which includes the most recent landmark findings in this area, two further sections are dedicated to methyl‐bridged complexes and reactivity.
Greatly Enhanced Fluorescence by Increasing the Structural Rigidity of an Imine: Enantioselective Recognition of 1,2‐Cyclohexanediamine by a Chiral Aldehyde
Authors: Xu Yimang , Yu Shanshan , Chen Qi , Chen Xuemin , Xiao Meng , Chen Liming , Yu Xiaoqi , Xu Yong , Pu Lin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn aldehyde that is not fluorescent responsive toward a chiral diamine has been converted to a sensitive fluorescence enhancement sensor through incorporation of an additional hydrogen bonding unit to increase the structural rigidity of the reaction product of the aldehyde with the diamine. This new chiral aldehyde is synthesized in one step from the reaction of (S)‐3‐formylBINOL with salicyl chloride. When treated with trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine in ethanol, it shows greatly enhanced fluorescence at λ=410 nm with good enantioselectivity. NMR and mass spectroscopic methods are used to investigate the reaction of the chiral aldehyde with the diamine. This study has revealed a two‐stage reaction mechanism including a fast imine formation and a slow ester cleavage.