bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of the depressed elderly living in the
community in Liverpool: a 5-year follow-up
Authors: SHARMA V. K. , COPELAND J. R. M. , DEWEY M. E. , LOWE D. , DAVIDSON I. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Comparatively little is known about the long-term
natural history of depressive
disorders in the elderly living in the community. This is a follow-up of
a subsample of the
Continuing Health in the Community study random sample of the elderly population
living in
Liverpool.Methods. The investigators followed up 120 cases of depression
identified by a semi-structured
interview schedule (GMS) for a period of 5 years. A similar number of other
subjects defined as
subcases of depression, other cases of mental illness and a random selection
of non-cases were also
included.Results. The 5-year outcome for the cases of depression was
worse than the outcome of the non-cases
(relative mortality risk of 2·1, 95% confidence interval 1·1
to 3·9). Thirty-four per cent of the
cases of depression died and 28% had dropped out during the follow-up.
Of the 46 cases of
depression who had a complete follow-up, 22% recovered from their symptoms,
30% were found
to be AGECAT cases at one of the three follow-up waves, 24% were AGECAT
cases at two of the
three follow-up waves and the remaining 24% were AGECAT cases at each follow-up
wave. Fifteen
per cent of the surviving cases of depression were organic cases at the
follow-up. Their anxiety co-morbid state and depression score were identified
as predictors of poor outcome.Conclusion. The findings of this study indicate that depressive
disorders (most of which were
untreated) found in the elderly community have a poor prognosis.
The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia
Authors: BROWN S. , BIRTWISTLE J. , ROE L. , THOMPSON C. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Schizophrenia has a high natural mortality of a largely environmental aetiology.
There is, however, little research about possible risk factors. This study measured the diet, cigarette
and alcohol use, exercise and obesity of a cohort of people with schizophrenia and compared results
to general population rates.Methods. Semi-structured interview using validated research instruments on 102 middle-aged
subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, living in the community. Results were compared to
general population norms using standard statistical tests.Results. The subjects ate a diet higher in fat and lower in fibre than the general population. They
took little exercise but were not significantly more obese. They smoked heavily but drank less
alcohol. Most differences remained significant after controlling for social class.Conclusions. People with schizophrenia have an unhealthy lifestyle, which probably contributes to
the excess mortality of the disease. They are therefore an appropriate target group for health
promotion interventions.
Outcome of women admitted to hospital for depressive illness: factors in the prognosis of severe depression
Authors: SHERRINGTON J. M. , HAWTON K. , FAGG J. , ANDREW B. , SMITH D. 
Published: July 2002

Background. A previous study of women 9 months after discharge from in-patient treatment for
depression found that low self-esteem as measured by a self-report questionnaire at admission was
associated with a worse prognosis. This study investigates the womens' outcome more than 4 years
after discharge and the continued prognostic relevance of self-esteem and other variables.Method. Fifty-six women who had been admitted to hospital with major depression and studied in
detail during their admission and 9 months following discharge were traced 4–5 years later. Possible
prognostic factors were investigated in relation to time to recovery and recurrence, and to a global
outcome measure.Results. In keeping with other published work only 16 out of 52 (31%) women had recovered and
remained well. Fifteen out of 52 (29%) subjects had experienced depressive symptoms for more
than 70% of the follow-up time or died from unnatural causes. Low self-esteem scores recorded at
the initial admission correlated with slow recovery but not subsequent recurrence of depression. The
occurrence of one or more life events in the year preceding admission was associated with a better
prognosis.Conclusions. The poor long-term prognosis of many women with severe depression was confirmed.
Social factors, such as social support and marital relationships were less important for prognosis
than in previous studies of less severely ill subjects. The prognostic value of self-esteem warrants
further investigation and appears to have therapeutic implications.
Implications of impulsive and affective symptoms for serotonin function in bulimia nervosa
Authors: STEIGER H. , YOUNG S. N. , NG YING KIN N. M. K. , KOERNER N. , ISRAEL M. , LAGEIX P. , PARIS J. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Bulimic, impulsive and depressive syndromes have all been associated with
abnormalities in brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) mechanisms.Methods. We had 26 bulimic women and 22 normal-eater women report impulsive, affective, self-destructive
and bulimic symptoms, and then provide serial blood samples for measurement of: [3H]-paroxetine
binding in platelets; and, prolactin (PRL) responses following oral meta-chlorophenyl-piperazine (m-CPP).Results. Bulimic status was associated with markedly reduced density of paroxetine-binding sites,
modest blunting of m-CPP stimulated PRL response, and greater nausea following m-CPP.
Biological variables did not co-vary with most psychopathological or eating-symptom indices.
However, there were inverse associations (in bulimic women only) between scores indicating
impulsivity (largely ‘unreflectiveness’) and density of platelet 5-HT uptake sites.Conclusions. Our observations link bulimia nervosa to altered 5-HT functioning, and suggest that
there may be a relatively symptom-specific association between impulsivity and reduced 5-HT
reuptake.
Needed: A new theory
Authors: Domhoff G. William 
Published: July 2002

Dream content is more coherent, consistent over time, and continuous with waking emotional concerns than most brainstem-driven theories of dreaming allow, but dreaming probably has no adaptive function. A new neurocognitive perspective focusing on the forebrain system of dream generation should begin with the findings on dream content in adults and the developmental nature of dreaming in children.[Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes & Eastman]
SMAR: A Robot Modeling and Simulation System
Authors: Zeghloul S. , Blanchard B. , Ayrault M. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we present the SMAR CAD-robotics system (Système de Modélisation et d'Animation de Robots), which we developed at the University of Poitiers. This system allows its user to deal with a great number of robotics problems through the use of a graphic simulator. We will discuss the different parts which form the SMAR system. This includes the following:—The modeler which allows the user to build a database, describing the robot and its environment. The database generated by the system is composed of the geometric description of the objects and the kinematics description of the environment.—The simulator and the coordinates reverser, which simulate the robot's movements.—The collision detection algorithms used to verify task accomplishment.—A calculation algorithm in order to find optimal placement, which determines the relative position robot/task, allowing the robot to efficiently execute the assigned task.—The collision free-path planning algorithm allowing the system to generate trajectories in a cluttered environment.An example dealing with a complex robotized cell will also be presented in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.
Logical methods for computational intelligence
Authors: ANTONIOU GRIGORIS , MURRAY NEIL V. 
Published: July 2002

Over the past years, two main approaches to computational intelligence have emerged: the symbolic and the non-symbolic approach. The perhaps most prominent methods of the symbolic approach are based on logic. Logical methods exhibit a series of desirable properties:[bull ] Transparent representation of meaning[bull ] Precise understanding of the meaning of statements (semantics).[bull ] Sound reasoning methods.[bull ] Explanation capabilities.A special session on logical methods for computational intelligence was held at the 3rd Joint Conference on Information Sciences. The field of computational logic is so broad that it is impossible to review the main developments in an article. Therefore, in the following we will restrict attention to two areas that turned out to be the focus of the special session: automated reasoning, and reasoning with incomplete and changing information.
Irregularity of canonical pencils for a threefold of general type
Authors: CHEN MENG , CHEN ZHIJIE J. 
Published: July 2002

Let X be a complex nonsingular projective threefold
of general type. Suppose the
canonical system of X is composed of a pencil, i.e.
dimΦ∼KX∼(X)=1.
It is often
important to understand birational invariants of X such as
pg(X), q(X),
h2(OX) and
χ(OX) etc. In this paper, we mainly
study the irregularity of X.We may suppose that ∼KX∼ is
free of base points. There is a natural fibration
f[ratio ]X→C onto a nonsingular curve
after the Stein factorization of Φ∼KX∼.

Let F be a
general fibre of f, then we know that F is a
nonsingular projective surface of general
type. Set b[ratio ]=g(C) and
pg(F), q(F)
for the respective invariants of F. The main result
is the following theorem.
The seroepidemiology of rubella in western Europe
Authors: PEBODY R. G. , EDMUNDS W. J. , CONYN-van SPAENDONCK M. , OLIN P. , BERBERS G. , REBIERE I. , LECOEUR H. , CROVARI P. , DAVIDKIN I. , GABUTTI G. , GERIKE E. , GIORDANO C. , HESKETH L. , PLESNER A. M. , RAUX M. , ROTA M. C. , SALMASO S. , TISCHER A. , VALLE M. , MILLER E. 
Published: July 2002

Most of the countries in western Europe have now implemented mass infant rubella
immunization programmes, instead of or in addition to selective vaccination in order to
achieve the elimination of congenital rubella syndrome.The European countries Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and
the Netherlands undertook large, national serological surveys collecting several thousand serum
specimens during 1994–8. Antibodies against rubella virus were detected by a variety of enzyme
immuno-assays. Comparability of the assay results was achieved by a standardized
methodology. The age- and sex-stratified serological results were related to the schedules,
coverage of rubella vaccination and the incidence in these countries.The results show widely differing levels of immunity to rubella both in the general
population and in the specific age groups of males and females. A low rate (< 5%) of
susceptibles in childhood and adolescents of both sexes was obtained only in Finland and the
Netherlands.Countries such as Italy with only moderate coverage for the infant immunization programme
currently have both high susceptibility levels in the general population and in the at-risk
population. The likelihood is of continued epidemics of rubella with cases of congenital rubella
syndrome. The continued implementation of selective vaccination will help to offset the impact
of this ongoing transmission and to protect women on reaching childbearing age.
Marc D. Hauser (1996). The evolution of communication.
Cambridge,
Mass.: MIT Press. Pp. xiii+760.
Authors: Ham William H. , Cohn Abigail C. 
Published: July 2002

This volume impressively synthesises vast literatures from the
fields of linguistics,
bioacoustics, psychology, neurobiology, evolutionary biology, ethology
and anthropology, and in the process raises a number of provocative questions
regarding the contentious issue of human language origins. Because
the book is so far-reaching, both in terms of the breadth of communicative
phenomena which it covers and the depth in which it discusses them, a short
review such as the present one can only scratch the surface of the wealth
of
information and ideas which it contains.This book was written to fill a perceived need for a text covering a
wide range
of issues in comparative communication, for which it is certainly well
suited.
Those interested in the production and perception of auditory and visual
signals, as well as in issues as diverse as evolutionary biology and cognitive
psychology, will find it an easily readable – or browseable –
piece of work. As
Hauser notes, he has ‘attempted to write a book that is aimed primarily
at the
expert while being useful to those wishing to pick out pieces...for undergraduate
and graduate instruction’ (p. 14). The book is successful along both
lines. It is
extremely well organised and well indexed, making it easy to select case
studies
relevant to specific communicative phenomena (e.g. audition, vocalisation,
acquisition, signed languages, etc.) or particular species (humans, monkeys,
anurans, birds, etc.). Particularly useful are the large number of graphics
and
illustrations, as well as conceptual ‘boxes’ which succinctly
summarise key
concepts or theoretical perspectives which may be unfamiliar to some readers
(e.g. statistical information theory, neural tuning curves, source-filter
theory
and sexual selection theory, to name just a few).
Plastic vipers: influence of food intake on the size and shape of Gaboon vipers (Bitis gabonica)
Authors: Bonnet Xavier , Shine Richard , Naulleau Guy , Thiburce Christian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRepeated measurements of captive‐born Gaboon vipers Bitis gabonica from an inbred stock examined the degree to which an animal's size and shape are affected by food intake. We also used the level of asymmetry in dorsal coloration as an index for possible genetic (inbreeding?) effects. Both of these factors, and the interaction between them, affected phenotypes of the young snakes. Snakes raised with abundant food differed from their less well‐fed siblings not only in size, but also in body mass relative to snout–vent length, head length relative to snout–vent length, head width relative to head length, and fang length relative to jaw length. Hence, our data show that body proportions (including the feeding apparatus) can be influenced by the environment after birth.
Genetic evidence for the origin of the agrimi goat (Capra aegagrus cretica)
Authors: Bar‐Gal Gila Kahila , Smith Patricia , Tchernov Eitan , Greenblatt Charles , Ducos Pierre , Gardeisen Armelle , Horwitz Liora Kolska 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe agrimi goat Capra aegagrus cretica is unique to Crete and its offshore islands. It has been identified as a sub‐species of the wild bezoar goat Capra aegagrus aegagrus Erxleben, 1777, which it closely resembles in horn shape, body form and coloration. This classification has been disputed by some researchers who claim that the agrimi are feral goats, derived from early domestic stock brought to the island by the first Neolithic settlers. In order to clarify this issue, DNA analyses (cytochrome b and D loop sequences) were carried out on tissue of live and skeletonized agrimi and compared to sequences of wild and domestic caprines. Results conclusively show the agrimi to be a feral animal, that clades with domestic goats (Capra hircus) rather than with wild Asiatic bezoar. This study demonstrates that morphometric criteria do not necessarily reflect genetic affinities, and that the taxonomic classification of agrimi should be revised.
Introduction to linear bicategories
Authors: COCKETT J. R. B. , KOSLOWSKI J. , SEELY R. A. G. 
Published: July 2002

Linear bicategories are a generalization of bicategories in which the one horizontal
composition is replaced by two (linked) horizontal compositions. These compositions
provide a semantic model for the tensor and par of linear logic: in particular, as
composition is fundamentally non-commutative, they provide a suggestive source of models
for non-commutative linear logic.In a linear bicategory, the logical notion of complementation becomes a natural linear
notion of adjunction. Just as ordinary adjoints are related to (Kan) extensions, these linear
adjoints are related to the appropriate notion of linear extension.There is also a stronger notion of complementation, which arises, for example, in cyclic
linear logic. This sort of complementation is modelled by cyclic adjoints. This leads to the
notion of a *ast;-linear bicategory and the coherence conditions that it must satisfy. Cyclic
adjoints also give rise to linear monads: these are, essentially, the appropriate generalization
(to the linear setting) of Frobenius algebras and the ambialgebras of Topological Quantum
Field Theory.A number of examples of linear bicategories arising from different sources are described,
and a number of constructions that result in linear bicategories are indicated.
Uniform Intersecting Families with Covering
Number Restrictions
Authors: FRANKL P. , OTA K. , TOKUSHIGE N. 
Published: July 2002

It is known that any k-uniform family with
covering number t has at most
ktt-covers. In this
paper, we deal with intersecting families and give better
upper bounds for the number of
t-covers. Let pt(k)
be the maximum number of t-covers in any
k-uniform intersecting
families with covering number t. We prove that, for a
fixed t,formula hereIn the cases of t=4 and 5, we also prove that
the coefficient of kt−1
in pt(k) is exactly
(t2).
Commentary: Assessing the Risks Presented by Parents
Authors: Glaser Danya 
Published: July 2002

The model outlined in the paper by Partridge, Casswell
and Richardson is an interesting one. Its strengths are
particularly the multidisciplinary nature of the assessment
and its extension over a period of time, allowing for the
assessment to be also a therapeutic process. It stands in
contrast to many single-handed expert assessments carried
out as a cross sectional view of the family at one particular
point.The decision not to meet with the children is understandable on the basis that the children may well have
been seen by other professionals. However, since parenting is a dyadic interaction it can only be observed by
meeting with both parents and children together. The
notion of risk and assessment of risk is broader than the
risk posed by an adult or parent to a generic child. Beyond
a capacity to injure and physically or sexually abuse, risk
extends to emotional abuse or injury and emotional
neglect, insensitivity or inability to meet the child's
developmental needs. An assessment of these capacities is
best related to the needs of particular children and includes
issues of attachment. These can only be assessed by
meeting with the children and/or the children and parents
together.The addition to the team of an adult psychiatrist with a
particular interest in personality and the influence of early
experiences on adult functioning has been found to be of
great value.An alternative model is the multi-family intensive assessment process, during which several families attend
together for a short period of time and during which intra-family interactions as well as group processes are observed.
Fourfold Faster Rate of Genome Rearrangement in Nematodes Than in Drosophila
Authors: Coghlan Avril , Wolfe Kenneth H. 
Published: July 2002

We compared the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to 13% of that of Caenorhabditis briggsae, identifying 252 conserved segments along their chromosomes. We detected 517 chromosomal rearrangements, with the ratio of translocations to inversions to transpositions being ∼1:1:2. We estimate that the species diverged 50–120 million years ago, and that since then there have been 4030 rearrangements between their whole genomes. Our estimate of the rearrangement rate, 0.4–1.0 chromosomal breakages/Mb per Myr, is at least four times that of Drosophila, which was previously reported to be the fastest rate among eukaryotes. The breakpoints of translocations are strongly associated with dispersed repeats and gene family members in the C. elegansgenome.[The following institution kindly provided reagents, samples or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis.]
A Subtracted cDNA Library from the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryonic Inner Ear: Table 1.
Authors: Coimbra Roney S. , Weil Dominique , Brottier Phillipe , Blanchard Stéphane , Levi Michael , Hardelin Jean-Pierre , Weissenbach Jean , Petit Christine 
Published: July 2002

A database was built that consists of 4694 sequence contigs of ∼18,000 reads of cDNAs isolated from the microdissected otocysts of zebrafish embryos at 20–30 hour postfertilization, following subtraction with a pool of liver cDNAs from adult fish. These sequences were compared with those of public databanks. Significant similarity were recorded and organized in a relational database athttp://www.genoscope.cns.fr/zie. A first group of 2067 sequences correspond to 1428 known zebrafish genes or ESTs present in theDanio rerio section of UniGene. A second group of 302 sequences encode putative proteins that showed significant similarity (50%–100%) with 302 nonzebrafish proteins in the nr databank, a public databank containing an exhaustive nonredundant collection of protein sequences from different species (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/db/nr). The remaining 2325 (49.5%) sequence contigs or singletons showed no significant similarity with sequences available in public databanks. Several genes known to be expressed in the developing inner ear were represented in the present database, in particular genes involved in hair cell differentiation or innervation The occurrence of these genes validates the outcome of this study as the first collection of ESTs preferentially expressed in the zebrafish inner ear during the period of hair cell differentiation and neuroblast delamination from the otic vesicle epithelium. Novel zebrafish genes also involved in these processes are thus likely to be represented among the sequences obtained herein, for which no homology was found in the D. rerio section of UniGene.[The sequence data from this study have been submitted to EMBL under accession nos. AL714032–AL731531].
Ca2+-Activated Anion Channels and Membrane Depolarizations Induced by Blue Light and Cold in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: Lewis B. D. , Karlin-Neumann G. , Davis R. W. , Spalding E. P. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The activation of an anion channel in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls by blue light (BL) is believed to be a signal-transducing event leading to growth inhibition. Here we report that the open probability of this particular anion channel depends on cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) within the concentration range of 1 to 10 [mu]M, raising the possibility that BL activates the anion channel by increasing [Ca2+]cyt. Arabidopsis seedlings cytoplasmically expressing aequorin were generated to test this possibility. Aequorin luminescence did not increase during or after BL, providing evidence that Ca2+ does not play a second-messenger role in the activation of anion channels. However, cold shock simultaneously triggered a large increase in [Ca2+]cyt and a 110-mV transient depolarization of the plasma membrane. A blocker of the anion channel, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid, blocked 61% of the cold-induced depolarization without affecting the increase in [Ca2+]cyt. These data led us to propose that cold shock opens Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane, allowing an inward, depolarizing Ca2+ current. The resulting large increase in [Ca2+]cyt activates the anion channel, which further depolarizes the membrane. Although an increase in [Ca2+]cyt may activate anion channels in response to cold, it appears that BL does so via a Ca2+-independent pathway.