bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MD-HIT: Machine learning for material property prediction with dataset redundancy control
Authors: Li Qin , Fu Nihang , Omee Sadman Sadeed , Hu Jianjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMaterials datasets usually contain many redundant (highly similar) materials due to the tinkering approach historically used in material design. This redundancy skews the performance evaluation of machine learning (ML) models when using random splitting, leading to overestimated predictive performance and poor performance on out-of-distribution samples. This issue is well-known in bioinformatics for protein function prediction, where tools like CD-HIT are used to reduce redundancy by ensuring sequence similarity among samples greater than a given threshold. In this paper, we survey the overestimated ML performance in materials science for material property prediction and propose MD-HIT, a redundancy reduction algorithm for material datasets. Applying MD-HIT to composition- and structure-based formation energy and band gap prediction problems, we demonstrate that with redundancy control, the prediction performances of the ML models on test sets tend to have relatively lower performance compared to the model with high redundancy, but better reflect models’ true prediction capability.
A SIRT7-dependent acetylation switch regulates early B cell differentiation and lineage commitment through Pax5
Authors: Gamez-Garcia Andres , Espinosa-Alcantud Maria , Bueno-Costa Alberto , Alari-Pahissa Elisenda , Marazuela-Duque Anna , Thackray Joshua K. , Ray Chandni , Berenguer Clara , Kumari Poonam , Bech Joan Josep , Braun Thomas , Ianni Alessandro , Tischfield Jay A. , Serrano Lourdes , Esteller Manel , Sardina Jose L. , De La Torre Carolina , Sigvardsson Mikael , Vazquez Berta N. , Vaquero Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractB lymphopoiesis is orchestrated by lineage-specific transcription factors. In B cell progenitors, lineage commitment is mediated by Pax5, which is commonly mutated in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Despite its essential role in immunity, the mechanisms regulating Pax5 function remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the NAD+-dependent enzyme SIRT7 coordinates B cell development through deacetylation of Pax5 at K198, which promotes Pax5 protein stability and transcriptional activity. Neither Pax5K198 deacetylated nor acetylated mimics rescued B cell differentiation in Pax5−/− pro-B cells, suggesting that B cell development requires Pax5 dynamic deacetylation. The Pax5K198 deacetylation mimic restored lineage commitment in Pax5−/− pro-B cells and B cell differentiation in Sirt7−/− pro-B cells, suggesting the uncoupling of differentiation from lineage commitment. The SIRT7–Pax5 interplay was conserved in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, where SIRT7 expression correlated with good prognosis. Our findings reveal a crucial mechanism for B lymphopoiesis and highlight the relevance of sirtuins in immune function.
CESNET-TLS-Year22: A year-spanning TLS network traffic dataset from backbone lines
Authors: Hynek Karel , Luxemburk Jan , Pešek Jaroslav , Čejka Tomáš , Šiška Pavel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe modern approach for network traffic classification (TC), which is an important part of operating and securing networks, is to use machine learning (ML) models that are able to learn intricate relationships between traffic characteristics and communicating applications. A crucial prerequisite is having representative datasets. However, datasets collected from real production networks are not being published in sufficient numbers. Thus, this paper presents a novel dataset, CESNET-TLS-Year22, that captures the evolution of TLS traffic in an ISP network over a year. The dataset contains 180 web service labels and standard TC features, such as packet sequences. The unique year-long time span enables comprehensive evaluation of TC models and assessment of their robustness in the face of the ever-changing environment of production networks.
The accordion technique did not improve bone healing in a mouse model of distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Bertrand David T. , Fu Ruisen , Kavaseri Kyle , Villemure Isabelle , Rauch Frank , Hamdy Reggie , Yang Haisheng , Willie Bettina M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDistraction osteogenesis (DO) is a valuable surgical method for limb lengthening and bone defect correction, but its lengthy consolidation phase presents challenges. The accordion technique (AT), involving compression and distraction of bone segments, has shown potential for enhancing healing. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the AT conducted at three different time points (distraction phase, early consolidation phase, or late consolidation phase) compared to conventional DO in a mouse osteotomy model. Healing was evaluated using in vivo microCT, histology, and computational modeling. Results showed that bridging frequency, BV, and callus tissue composition were similar between conventional DO and late consolidation AT. In contrast, distraction phase AT led to delayed healing at day 15 with a 72% reduction in BV compared to DO, but no significant differences by the endpoint. Early consolidation AT showed significantly impaired healing compared to DO, with only 29% of mice achieving bony bridging, and significantly reduced bone marrow area of the endpoint callus. In silico modeling was generally predictive of in vivo findings and suggested that application of the AT during early consolidation results in destruction of newly-formed vascular tissue. Overall, no benefit was observed for the AT compared to conventional DO with the parameters employed in this study.
Development of bioluminescent Group B streptococcal strains for longitudinal infection studies
Authors: Lorga Inês , Geraldo Rafaela , Soares Joana , Oliveira Liliana , Firon Arnaud , Bonifácio Andrade Elva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading bacterial cause of invasive neonatal disease, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. New therapeutic approaches beyond antibacterial treatment to prevent neonatal disease outcomes are urgent. One significant limitation in studying GBS disease and progression is the lack of non-invasive technologies for longitudinal studies. Here, we develop and compare three bioluminescent GBS strains for in vivo pathogenic analysis. Bioluminescence is based on the luxABCDE operon on a replicative vector (luxGBS-CC17), and the red-shifted firefly luciferase on a replicative vector (fflucGBS-CC17) or integrated in the genome (glucGBS-CC17). We show that luxGBS-CC17 is suitable for in vitro analysis but does not produce a significant bioluminescent signal in infected pups. In contrast, the fflucGBS-CC17 results in a strong bioluminescent signal proportional to the organ colonisation level. However, the stability of the replicative vector depends on the route of infection, especially when pups acquire the bacteria from infected vaginal mucosa. Stable chromosomal integration of luciferase in glucGBS-CC17 leads to significant bioluminescence in both haematological and vertical infection models associated with high systemic colonisation. These strains will allow the preclinical evaluation of treatment efficacy against GBS invasive disease using whole-mouse bioluminescence imaging.
A hybrid deep learning network for automatic diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia based on 12-lead ECG
Authors: Bai Xiangyun , Dong Xinglong , Li Yabing , Liu Ruixia , Zhang Henggui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCardiac arrhythmias are the leading cause of death and pose a huge health and economic burden globally. Electrocardiography (ECG) is an effective technique for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases because of its noninvasive and cost-effective advantages. However, traditional ECG analysis relies heavily on the clinical experience of physicians, which can be challenging and time-consuming to produce valid diagnostic results. This work proposes a new hybrid deep learning model that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) with multi-head attention (CBGM model). Specifically, the model consists of seven convolutional layers with varying filter sizes (4, 16, 32, and 64) and three pooling layers, respectively, while the BiGRU module includes two layers with 64 units each followed by multi-head attention (8-heads). The combination of CNN and BiGRU effectively captures spatio-temporal features of ECG signals, with multi-head attention comprehensively extracted global correlations among multiple segments of ECG signals. The validation in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database achieved an accuracy of 99.41%, a precision of 99.15%, a specificity of 99.68%, and an F1-Score of 99.21%, indicating its robust performance across different evaluation metrics. Additionally, the model’s performance was evaluated on the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database, where it achieved an accuracy of 98.82%, demonstrating its generalization capability. Comparative analysis against previous methods revealed that our proposed CBGM model exhibits more higher performance in automatic classification of arrhythmia and can be helpful for assisting clinicians by enabling real-time detection of cardiac arrhythmias during routine ECG screenings.
An interpretable and transparent machine learning framework for appendicitis detection in pediatric patients
Authors: Chadaga Krishnaraj , Khanna Varada , Prabhu Srikanth , Sampathila Niranjana , Chadaga Rajagopala , Umakanth Shashikiran , Bhat Devadas , Swathi K. S. , Kamath Radhika 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Appendicitis, an infection and inflammation of the appendix is a prevalent condition in children that requires immediate treatment. Rupture of the appendix may lead to several complications, such as peritonitis and sepsis. Appendicitis is medically diagnosed using urine, blood, and imaging tests. In recent times, Artificial Intelligence and machine learning have been a boon for medicine. Hence, several supervised learning techniques have been utilized in this research to diagnose appendicitis in pediatric patients. Six heterogeneous searching techniques have been used to perform hyperparameter tuning and optimize predictions. These are Bayesian Optimization, Hybrid Bat Algorithm, Hybrid Self-adaptive Bat Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm, Grid Search, and Randomized Search. Further, nine classification metrics were utilized in this study. The Hybrid Bat Algorithm technique performed the best among the above algorithms, with an accuracy of 94% for the customized APPSTACK model. Five explainable artificial intelligence techniques have been tested to interpret the results made by the classifiers. According to the explainers, length of stay, means vermiform appendix detected on ultrasonography, white blood cells, and appendix diameter were the most crucial markers in detecting appendicitis. The proposed system can be used in hospitals for an early/quick diagnosis and to validate the results obtained by other diagnostic modalities.
Examining the quantum fisher information in the interaction of a dirac system with a squeezed generalized amplitude damping channel
Authors: Iyen C. , Liman M. S. , Emem-Obong S. J. , Yahya W. A. , Onate C. A. , Falaye B. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe inherent association between real quantum systems and their surrounding environment invariably results in decoherence, leading to the loss of entanglement. This diminution in entanglement coincides with a decline in the fidelity of transmitted information using the entangled quantum resource. This study scrutinizes the impact of the squeezed generalized amplitude damping (SGAD) channel on quantum Fisher information (QFI) parameters. The SGAD channel model, a versatile framework, is also employed to simulate other dissipative channels, including amplitude damping (AD) and generalized amplitude damping (GAD). Kraus operators facilitate the modeling of noisy channels. The results reveal that, within the SGAD channel, the QFI remains impervious to the squeezing variables (r and $$\Phi$$
Φ
). In the GAD channel, $$F\theta _{GAD}$$

F

θ

GAD

undergoes enhancement to a constant value with an upswing in temperature (T), while the $$\phi$$
ϕ
parameter in the GAD channel, $$F\phi _{GAD}$$

F

ϕ

GAD

, akin to the SGAD channel, surges around T = 2 before complete loss ensues. Concerning the AD channel, the $$\theta$$
θ
component of the QFI initially experiences decoherence with an augmentation in the AD noise parameter ($$\lambda$$
λ
). Subsequently, it is restored to its initial value with a further escalation in $$\lambda$$
λ
. Conversely, the $$\phi$$
ϕ
component of the QFI in the AD channel experiences decoherence with an elevation in the AD noise parameter ($$\lambda$$
λ
).
Folic acid-targeted redox responsive polylactic acid-based nanoparticles co-delivering pirarubicin and salinomycin suppress breast cancer tumor growth in vivo
Authors: Gupta Priya , Bansal Ankushi , Kaur Harshdeep , Anees Mohd , Singh Neetu , Singh Harpal 
Published: October 2024

Schematic illustration of design, administration, and mechanism of action of Pira/Sal dual-loaded FA-conjugated redox responsive [S-(PLA-b-PEG-CONH)]2 block copolymeric nanoparticles.
Short‐circuit current of a hydropower plant with consideration of constant switching and fault arc voltages
Authors: Brankovic Darko , Schuerhuber Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe correct generator circuit breaker (GCB) dimensioning is essential for the safe and reliable operation of a power plant or generation system. The dimensioning is usually based on standardized calculation methods according to standards (IEC standard 60909‐0, IEC/IEEE standard 62271‐37‐013, IEEE Std C37), often supplemented by selected transient calculations. A non‐systematic approach can often be observed here, which does not adequately take into account significant influencing variables or operating states of the generator. This article therefore systematically examines various parameters that influence the short‐circuit current components of the generator and are relevant for the dimensioning of the generator circuit‐breaker: short‐circuit angle, operating point, impedance ratios, phase clearing, switching arc, and fault arc. The results of the current parameters most relevant to the dimensioning of the GCB were then compared for different calculation methods. Special attention was paid to the effect of the switching and fault arc, which were modelled as a constant arc voltage, and its effect on the short‐circuit currents is systematically recorded. This work aims to summarize all relevant variables that influence the generator short‐circuit current and are relevant for the dimensioning of the GCB and to present the different results based on a short‐circuit calculation according to the standard and transient calculation to create a basis for a proper dimensioning of the generator circuit breaker.
Stroke‐Seg: A deep learning‐based framework for chinese stroke segmentation
Authors: Gong Xinyu , Bai Zeyang , Nie Haitao , Xie Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChinese stroke segmentation is a crucial and challenging task for various downstream applications such as font generation, aesthetic evaluation etc. Conventional semantic segmentation techniques typically face difficulties in accurately segmenting strokes, as intersection regions in Chinese characters can belong to multiple strokes simultaneously, and these approaches often lack a holistic understanding of character composition. This paper proposes a character stroke segmentation framework named Stroke‐Seg that integrates with various semantic segmentation architectures, demonstrating adaptability to different backbone networks to tackle the above tasks. A multi‐label output strategy is proposed to effectively classify strokes in intersection areas, overcoming the limitations of traditional semantic segmentation approaches. Additionally, a prior knowledge vector is incorporated into the input layer to provide character‐specific information on stroke composition, enhancing the ability of the framework to precisely identify and segment strokes. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through evaluations of a comprehensive dataset (brush calligraphy stroke segmentation dataset). Evaluations show that the proposed framework significantly improves the capability of semantic segmentation networks, achieving a remarkable improvement of up to 19.9% in the true stroke rate, compared to traditional stroke segmentation techniques. The Stroke‐Seg framework integrated with TransUNet demonstrates its high performance with an impressive 98.2% true stroke rate. Furthermore, the proposed framework combined with FCN still achieves good performance while consuming the least amount of computational resources and memory, demonstrating its potential for lightweight design.
Connection between nuclear structure, dissipation, and time in fission data
Authors: Caamaño M. , Ramos D. , Fernández D. , Mantovani G. , Farget F. , Rodríguez-Tajes C. , Lemasson A. , Rejmund M. , Schmitt C. , Ackermann D. , Álvarez-Pol H. , Audouin L. , Benlliure J. , Biswas S. , Casarejos E. , Clement E. , Cortina D. , Delaune O. , Derkx X. , Dijon A. , Doré D. , Durand D. , Frankland J. D. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , de France G. , Fregeau M. O. , Galaviz D. , Galiana-Baldó E. , Heinz A. , Henriques A. , Jacquot B. , Jurado B. , Kim Y. H. , Morfouace P. , Paradela C. , Piot J. , Ralet D. , Roger T. , Salsac M. D. , Teubig P. , Tsekhanovich I. 
Published: October 2024

Nuclear fission is still one of the most complex physical processes due to the interplay between macroscopic and microscopic nuclear properties that decide the output. An example of this coupling is the presence of nuclear dissipation as an important ingredient that contributes to drive the dynamics and has a clear impact on the time of the process. However, different theoretical interpretations and scarce experimental data make it poorly understood. At low excitation energy, the relative yields of fragments even and odd atomic numbers show a clear difference, which can be quantified with the so-called even-odd effect. This seemingly mundane property can be used to obtain information about the energy dissipated during the process and the role of structure in its dynamics.
In this paper, the study of the even-odd effect for elasticand transfer-induced fission data is discussed. A clear connection with particular fragment shells and the dissipation energy is found, as detailed in Ref. [1]. In addition, preliminary results from quasi-fission data show the formation of a relatively large even-odd effect, which suggests a process with low dissipation mainly consisting in the exchange of nucleon pairs.
Interplay of breakup and fusion in near-barrier collisions of weakly-bound nuclides
Authors: Simpson E. C. , Cook K. J. , Bezzina L. T. , Carter I. P. , Dasgupta M. , Hinde D. J. 
Published: October 2024

Light, weakly-bound nuclides such as 6,7Li and 9Be exhibit a diverse range of near-barrier reaction phenomena. Complete fusion is found to be suppressed by up to 35% with respect to barrier-passing model calculations. Their weak binding leads to significant breakup through excitation of the continuum, but also through production of weakly-bound or unbound neighbouring nuclides via nucleon transfer. Such systems also exhibit large yields of incomplete fusion, which is correlated empirically with cluster breakup thresholds for these stable nuclides.
Disentangling these reaction phenomena and their complex interplay is one of the most interesting challenges in near-barrier reaction dynamics. Here we briefly review our recent progress in understanding the interplay between breakup and fusion. These results strongly suggest that the dominant mechanism leading to incomplete fusion and the suppression of complete fusion is direct capture of the projectile cluster constituents by the target nucleus, rather than requiring projectile breakup prior to fusion.
1.3 W, super-octave-spanning Pulses at 2.3 μm from a Cr:ZnS Amplifier
Authors: Kimbaras Džiugas , Fuerbach Alexander , Liang Wei , Steinleitner Philipp , Gröbmeyer Sebastian , Karpowicz Nicholas , Krausz Ferenc , Weigel Alexander 
Published: October 2024

We investigate spectral broadening in TiO2 seeded by > 2 W, τ0.5 = 26 fs, 23 MHz pulses from a Cr:ZnS amplifier. We generate pulses covering spectrum from 1.1 to 3.2 µm at the -20-dB level at 1.3 W.
© 2024 The Author(s)
Research on the evolution and venting characteristics of gasoline–air mixture explosions in confined pipeline trench spaces
Authors: Zhou Dongliang , Jiang Xinsheng , Zhu Shijie , Li Run , Cai Yunxiong , Wang Sai , Yin Chengdong , Liu Li 
Published: October 2024

In recent years, international energy cooperation has become more extensive, and the safe and reliable transportation of oil and gas resources has become increasingly important. However, storage and transportation sites can have confined spaces in engineering practice, which can lead to safety problems. There is a risk of gasoline–air mixture explosions in confined spaces such as pump rooms, valve operation rooms, and inspection wells, particularly in Class B and Class C pipeline trench areas that utilize non-sand-filled trenches or where the local depth exceeds 2.0 m. These locations are equipped with doors, manholes, or ventilation openings for personnel access within oil storage zones. To investigate the combustion characteristics of gasoline–air mixture explosions in such confined spaces, experimental research was conducted on a simulation platform (L/D = 15, V = 0.015 m3). The findings reveal the following: (1) the most hazardous initial gasoline–air mixture volume fraction for ignition at the upper ignition point is 1.7%; (2) the morphology of the internal flame evolves through four distinct stages, with the post-explosion flame shapes resembling “brush-like” and “mushroom cloud” formations; (3) low YCH = 1.1%, medium YCH = 1.7%, and high YCH = 2.3% volume fractions of hydrocarbons were selected to analyze the progression of the explosion development process; (4) the external overpressure distribution during venting explosions, with varying initial gasoline–air mixture volume fractions, conforms to the function y = ae−bx as the distance L varies, with venting pressure waves exhibiting a trend of exponential decay.
Temperature tunable broadband filter based on hybridized vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface
Authors: Wang Dong , Yang Lingling , Cai Bin , Wu Ling , Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Fu , Luo Hui , Li Xiangcheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a novel temperature tunable terahertz (THz) broadband filter based on hybridized vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface (MS) was proposed. The designed MS is composed of subwavelength metallic square-grid structure situated between two layers of metallic square-patch structure integrated with VO2 film pad spaced with two layers of dielectric substrate. Utilizing the insulator-metal phase transition characterizations of VO2 in the THz regime, the operation mode of the proposed MS filter accomplishes the broadband transmission-to-reflection transition. Simulation results show that when VO2 is in the insulating state with a lower external temperature, the proposed MS behaves like a broadband filter with transparent window and a transmittance of above 80% over the frequency range of 0.66–1.12 THz. However, when VO2 undergoes the metallic state with a higher external temperature, the MS becomes a broadband filter with low-transmission shielding and exhibiting a transmittance of below 10% across the frequency spectrum from 0.56 THz to 1.4 THz. The physical mechanism of the proposed MS based tunable broadband filter is illustrated by introducing impedance matching theory, equivalent circuit model and field analysis. In addition, the proposed MS structure offers exceptional angular stability and polarization insensitivity, opening up new opportunities for the utilization of energy selective surface in THz applications.