bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundling of Vertically Differentiated Products in a Supply Chain*
Authors: Ma Minghui , Mallik Suman 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe consider a supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. The manufacturer produces a basic and a premium product. If desired, a bundle of the two products might also be produced at a unit bundling cost. We allow either the manufacturer or the retailer to produce the bundle from the component products. All products, however, must be sold exclusively through the retailer. Using game theoretic models, we compare and contrast the equilibrium outcomes under retailer bundling and manufacturer bundling scenarios. We show that under manufacturer bundling, the manufacturer never offers the full product line composed of the basic product, the premium product, and the bundle, at equilibrium; while the same does not hold under retailer bundling. We show that total supply chain profit under retailer bundling weakly dominates that under manufacturer bundling and characterize the region in the parameter space where this domination is strict. We explore an extension where there is a capacity constraint in producing one or both of the component products and characterize the equilibrium outcomes. We show that unlike the infinite capacity case, offering the full product line is an equilibrium outcome under manufacturer bundling when the capacity of the premium good is limited.
Migration of eels tagged in the Baltic Sea and Lake Mälaren—in the context of the stocking question
Authors: Sjöberg Niklas B. , Wickström Håkan , Asp Anders , Petersson Erik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEels (Anguilla spp.) are in decline worldwide, and the signs of reduced recruitment have been observed in continental Europe since the early 1970s. To aid recovery of the European eel, stocking is used by many European countries as a management option. In this study, tagging experiments were conducted to follow eel migration from Lake Mälaren and four sites along the Swedish east coast in the Baltic Sea. The recaptured tagged eels were retrieved from fishermen, allowing for the opportunity to investigate their origin (brackish water, stocked in freshwater or a mix in between) by otolith microchemistry and to assess for morphological differences after tagging. Several changes took place; for example, eye index increased while weight and condition decreased with migrated distance and time until recapture. In Lake Mälaren, the majority of tagged eels did not migrate out of the outlets, irrespective of their origin. Most of them were caught in the opposite direction and continued to be caught in the lake 1–3 years after tagging, with significant weight losses. Overall, overwintering is suggested to be an inferior option, but it is uncertain whether this is a natural behaviour or a result of translocation and restocking. For coastal eels, origin had no effect on migratory behaviour; a majority of the tagged eels migrated towards the outlet of the Baltic Sea. Interestingly, a minority of the recaptured eels originated from stocked fish. Instead, recaptures were dominated by natural immigrants that had spent most of their lives in brackish waters.
An investigation of T‐stresses in a plate with an inclined crack under biaxial loadings
Authors: Miao X.‐T. , Zhou C.‐Y , Lv F. , Li J. , He X.‐H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor plates with an inclined crack of wide‐range aspect ratios under biaxial loadings, T‐stress values are calculated with three‐dimensional finite element method. The results show that the normalized T‐stress is crack length and orientation dependent. A linear equation for the relationship between normalized T‐stresses and biaxility factors is proposed to describe the normalized T‐stresses for different crack lengths and crack angles under different biaxial loadings, which is more convenient and involves wider biaxility ratios compared with the existing solutions. The plate thickness effect and the trend of normalized T‐stresses along the crack front thickness are also studied for mode I and I–II mixed‐mode cracks. Based on the analyses and comparisons, it is necessary to take the thickness effect into consideration when the crack length is long enough (a/W = 7/10). When the component of mode II is significant (β > 45°), and the biaxility ratios are negative, T‐stresses near the free surface are lower than those at other positions, which are the opposite of mode I crack and most of I–II mixed‐mode crack.
Urban ponds as an aquatic biodiversity resource in modified landscapes
Authors: Hill Matthew J. , Biggs Jeremy , Thornhill Ian , Briers Robert A. , Gledhill David G. , White James C. , Wood Paul J. , Hassall Christopher 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUrbanization is a global process contributing to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. Many studies have focused on the biological response of terrestrial taxa and habitats to urbanization. However, little is known regarding the consequences of urbanization on freshwater habitats, especially small lentic systems. In this study, we examined aquatic macro‐invertebrate diversity (family and species level) and variation in community composition between 240 urban and 782 nonurban ponds distributed across the United Kingdom. Contrary to predictions, urban ponds supported similar numbers of invertebrate species and families compared to nonurban ponds. Similar gamma diversity was found between the two groups at both family and species taxonomic levels. The biological communities of urban ponds were markedly different to those of nonurban ponds, and the variability in urban pond community composition was greater than that in nonurban ponds, contrary to previous work showing homogenization of communities in urban areas. Positive spatial autocorrelation was recorded for urban and nonurban ponds at 0–50 km (distance between pond study sites) and negative spatial autocorrelation was observed at 100–150 km and was stronger in urban ponds in both cases. Ponds do not follow the same ecological patterns as terrestrial and lotic habitats (reduced taxonomic richness) in urban environments; in contrast, they support high taxonomic richness and contribute significantly to regional faunal diversity. Individual cities are complex structural mosaics which evolve over long periods of time and are managed in diverse ways. This facilitates the development of a wide range of environmental conditions and habitat niches in urban ponds which can promote greater heterogeneity between pond communities at larger scales. Ponds provide an opportunity for managers and environmental regulators to conserve and enhance freshwater biodiversity in urbanized landscapes whilst also facilitating key ecosystem services including storm water storage and water treatment.
A Method to Estimate the Hydraulic Conductivity of the Ground by TRT Analysis
Authors: Liuzzo Scorpo Alberto , Nordell Bo , Gehlin Signhild 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe knowledge of hydraulic properties of aquifers is important in many engineering applications. Careful design of ground‐coupled heat exchangers requires that the hydraulic characteristics and thermal properties of the aquifer must be well understood. Knowledge of groundwater flow rate and aquifer thermal properties is the basis for proper design of such plants. Different methods have been developed in order to estimate hydraulic conductivity by evaluating the transport of various tracers (chemical, heat etc.); thermal response testing (TRT) is a specific type of heat tracer that allows including the hydraulic properties in an effective thermal conductivity value. Starting from these considerations, an expeditious, graphical method was proposed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, using TRT data and plausible assumption. Suggested method, which is not yet verified or proven to be reliable, should be encouraging further studies and development in this direction.
Long‐term outcome of total hip arthroplasty in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Strauss A. C. , Rommelspacher Y. , Nouri B. , Bornemann R. , Wimmer M. D. , Oldenburg J. , Pennekamp P. H. , Schmolders J. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionBesides the target joints (elbow, knee and ankle), the hip is one of the commonly affected joints in haemophilic arthropathy. Hip arthroplasty is the therapy of choice after failure of conservative treatment. There are only limited data on long‐term results after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).AimThe aim of this retrospective study was to analyse clinical outcome and complication rate after total hip replacement in patients with severe haemophilic arthropathy.MethodsForty‐three patients with haemophilia (PWH), one patient with von Willebrand disease and one patient with a Factor‐VII‐deficiency undergoing 49 total hip arthroplasties, were evaluated in a retrospective study. Harris hip score (HHS), range of motion (ROM), pain status (visual analogue scale, VAS) complication rate and patient satisfaction were assessed at a mean follow‐up of 11.5 years (range: 3–32).ResultsHSS, ROM and VAS improved significantly combined with high patient satisfaction. In total, three (6.1%) periprosthetic infections and five (10.2%) aseptic implant loosenings occurred after THA leading to revision arthroplasty. In two (4.1%) cases, a pseudotumour and one (2.0%) periarticular ossification had to be resected after THA.ConclusionTotal hip replacement in PWH leads to a significant increase of function, reduction of pain and a high satisfaction. Due to the relatively high complication rate (infections and aseptic loosening) compared to patients without haemophilia, an individual assessment of the risk–benefit ratio from surgical and haemostaseological point of view is needed.
Pilot study of once‐a‐day prophylaxis for youth and young adults with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Crivianu‐Gaita V. , Rivard G. E. , Carcao M. , Teitel J. , St‐Louis J. , Blanchette V. , Pullenayegum E. , Abad A. , Feldman B. M. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionStandard prophylaxis has been shown to be an effective treatment for severe haemophilia A. According to pharmacokinetic principles, daily factor infusions of smaller doses can maintain similar trough factor VIII (FVIII) levels, and perhaps the same protection as standard prophylaxis.AimThis multicentre study examined the feasibility of daily prophylaxis for youth and young adults with severe haemophilia A in Montreal and Toronto.MethodsBleeding rates, joint status, quality of life and physical activity were monitored for 14 patients during this study. At baseline, subjects continued their regular treatment regimen and switched to daily prophylaxis after 4 months; nine had begun daily prophylaxis before enrolment. Additional visits occurred at 8 and 12 months which included a physical examination, inhibitor testing, HJHS and FISH assessments, the CHO‐KLAT/Haemo‐QoL‐A and PDPAR. Treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication ver.II and perceived difficulty questions at the end of study.Results and conclusionsThere were no significant changes in quality of life except for concerns with the demanding daily infusion schedule. The number of bleeds did not statistically differ from the initial 4 months of the study to the last 8 months. Monthly bleeding rates from the year prior to the study and during the intervention phase were not statistically different. It was also found that daily prophylaxis used 24% less FVIII compared to standard prophylaxis. Taking all of this into account, we have found that providing daily prophylaxis is feasible and that it is feasible to prospectively study daily prophylaxis in youth and young adults.
Muscle volume loss as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Izumoto Hirofumi , Ueki Hidetaro , Kaneto Miho , Kitahata Shogo , Aibiki Toshihiko , Tomida Hideomi , Miyamoto Yuji , Yamago Hiroka , Suga Yoshifumi , Iwasaki Ryuichiro , Mori Kenichiro , Miyata Hideki , Tsubouchi Eiji , Kishida Masato , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Kawasaki Hideki , Hiasa Yoichi , Michitaka Kojiro 
Published: August 2016

AimTo elucidate the clinical significance of muscle wasting in regard to survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing sorafenib treatment, we evaluated prognostic factors including muscle wasting at the start of sorafenib treatment.MethodsWe enrolled 93 patients with unresectable HCC (68.3 ± 9.4 years old, 81 men, 12 women, Child–Pugh score 5:6:7 = 69:22:2) who were treated with sorafenib. Muscle wasting was evaluated based on psoas muscle area index (psoas muscle area at level of middle of third lumbar vertebra [cm2] / height [m]2) calculated from computed tomography findings. Previously reported cut‐off values for muscle wasting in men and women (4.24 and 2.50 cm2/m2, respectively) were used. Patients were divided into those with (muscle‐atrophy group, n = 20) and without (non‐atrophy group, n = 73) muscle wasting.ResultsThere were no significant differences in regard to etiology, Child–Pugh classification, and tumor–node–metastasis stage between the groups. In contrast, body mass index in the muscle‐atrophy group was lower (20.9 ± 2.4 vs. 23.5 ± 3.4, P = 0.003). Although time to progression was not different (median 2.1 vs. 2.8 months, P = 0.242), the 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month survival rates were worse in the muscle‐atrophy group (62.7%, 32.3%, and 32.3% vs. 78.3%, 64.7% and 48.1%, respectively, P = 0.042). In multivariate Cox hazard analysis, des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin level (≥100 mAU/mL) (hazard ratio, 2.540; P = 0.018) and positive for muscle wasting (hazard ratio, 2.158; P = 0.032) were significant prognostic factors at the start of sorafenib treatment.ConclusionMuscle wasting is an important prognostic factor in patients treated with sorafenib.
Very low level viraemia and risk of virological failure in treated HIV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Teira R , Vidal F , Muñoz‐Sánchez P , Geijo P , Viciana P , Ribera E , Domingo P , Castaño M , Martínez E , Roca B , Puig T , Estrada V , Deig E , Galindo MJ , de la Fuente B , Lozano F , Montero M , Muñoz‐Sanz A , Sanchez T , Terrón A , Romero‐Palacios A , Lacalle JR , Garrido M , Suárez‐Lozano I ,   the VACH Study Group
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate whether very low level viraemia (VLLV) (20–50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) was associated with increased risk of virological failure (VF) as compared with persistent full suppression (< 20 copies/mL).MethodsFrom the VACH Cohort database, we selected those patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) after January 1997 and who achieved effective viral suppression [two consecutive viral loads (VLs) < 50 copies/mL] followed by full suppression (at least one VL <20 copies/mL). We carried out survival analyses to investigate whether the occurrence of VLLV rather than maintaining full suppression at < 20 copies/mL was associated with virological failure (two consecutive VLs > 200 copies/mL or one VL > 200 copies/mL followed by a change of ART regimen, administrative censoring or loss to follow‐up), adjusted for nadir CD4 cell count, sex, age, ethnicity, transmission group, type of ART and time on effective suppression at < 50 copies/mL.ResultsOf 21 480 patients who started ART, 13 674 (63.7%) achieved effective suppression at < 50 copies/mL, of whom 4289 (31.4%) further achieved full suppression at < 20 copies/mL after May 2009. A total of 2623 patients (61.1%) remained fully suppressed thereafter, while 1666 had one or more episodes of VL detection > 20 copies/mL (excluding virological failure). A total of 824 patients had VLLV after suppression at < 20 copies/mL. VLLV was not associated with virological failure as compared with persistent full suppression [hazard ratio (HR) 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–1.00], independently of the number of blips recorded (from one to 18).ConclusionsIn our population of HIV‐infected patients on ART who achieved viral suppression at < 20 copies/mL, the risk of virological failure was no different for patients who remained fully suppressed compared with those who experienced subsequent episodes of VLLV.
Unions and unequal pay: The establishment of the “family wage”
Authors: LURIE Lilach 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEqual pay laws in many OECD countries establish the right of men and women to equal pay for work of equal value. Nevertheless, during the first half of the 20th century, before the enactment of equal pay laws, employers and unions in several countries promoted unequal pay through “family wage” arrangements. This article seeks to improve understanding of the historical and sociological origins of “family wage” arrangements through both comparative research and in‐depth historical archival research on family wage arrangements in Israel. It shows that unions played a complex role in promoting family wage arrangements. While their action refected their patriarchal understanding of society, they were also guided by socialist principles.
Dendritic cells and adipose tissue
Authors: Sundara Rajan Sandeep , Longhi Maria Paula 
Published: August 2016

SummaryVisceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity is an established risk factor for metabolic syndrome, which can include insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. With obesity and related metabolic disorders reaching epidemic proportions globally, an understanding of the mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammation is crucial. Within the immune cell cohort, dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in balancing tolerance and immunity. Despite decades of research into the characterization of DC in lymphoid and non‐lymphoid organs, their role in adipose tissue function is poorly understood. There is now an increasing interest in identification and characterization of DC in adipose tissue and understanding their function in regulating tissue metabolic homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the study of DC in adipose tissue, focusing on possible mechanisms by which DC may contribute to adipose tissue homeostasis.
Genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates during an outbreak in a non‐human primate research colony
Authors: Gozalo Alfonso S. , Elkins William R. , Lambert Lynn E. , Stock Frida , Thomas Marvin L. , Woodward Ruth A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae can be a serious pathogen in non‐human primates, particularly Neotropical monkeys.MethodsDuring a K. pneumoniae outbreak in an owl monkey research colony, 13 K. pneumoniae isolates were DNA fingerprinted by automated repetitive extragenic palindromic‐polymerase chain reaction and the profiles compared to isolates obtained from other non‐human primate species during the same time period and isolates from previous outbreaks.ResultsEleven different types of K. pneumoniae were circulating in the owl monkey colony at the time of the outbreak. When comparing owl monkey isolates relatedness to previous colony outbreak isolates and squirrel monkey and capuchin monkey isolates, all were different.ConclusionsThese results agree with recent reports where K. pneumoniae nosocomial isolates in hospital settings can have high genetic diversity, and multiple strains can be circulating simultaneously. This potential genetic diversity should be considered when designing strategies for controlling K. pneumoniae outbreaks in captive non‐human primate colonies.
The experiences of families living with the anticipatory loss of a school‐age child with spinal muscular atrophy – the parents’ perspectives
Authors: Yang Bao‐Huan , Mu Pei‐Fan , Wang Wen‐Sheng 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo probe into parents’ anticipatory loss of school‐age children with Type I or II spinal muscular atrophy.BackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy is a rare disorder that causes death. Children die early due to either gradual atrophy or an infection of the lungs. Therefore, family members experience anticipatory loss, which causes grief before the actual loss. Family members feel physically and mentally exhausted, which results in a family crisis. Therefore, it is important to explore their experiences related to anticipatory loss to assist with the adjustment of the families to their circumstances.DesignThis study applied a phenomenology method and purposive sampling.ParticipantsThe 19 parents who participated in this study were referred to us by two medical centers in Taiwan. Their average age was 32–49 years.MethodsUsing in‐depth interviews, this study explored parents’ anticipatory loss. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Meanings were extracted using Giorgi analysis, and precision was assessed according to Guba and Lincoln, which was treated as the evaluation standard.ResultsFour themes were identified from the parents’ interviews. The themes included enduring the helplessness and pressure of care, suffering due to the child's rare and unknown condition, loss of hope and a reinforcement of the parent–child attachment, and avoiding the pressure of death and enriching the child's life.ConclusionsThe research findings help nurses identify anticipatory loss among parents of school‐age children with type I or II spinal muscular atrophy. They enhance health professionals’ understanding of the panic that occurs in the society surrounding the families, family members’ dynamic relationships, and the families’ demands for care.Relevance to clinical practiceIn an attempt to providing intersubjective empathy and support with family having a child with type I and II SMA, nurses may recognize relevant family reactions and enhancing their hope and parent‐child attachment. Encourage family members and child go beyond the pressure of death and create customized care plans meeting families’ emotional and medical needs.
Energy dissipation at the silica glass/compressed aerogel interface: The fate of Wild 2 mineral grains and fragments smaller than ~100 nm
Authors: Rietmeijer Frans J. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAllocation FC6,0,10,0,26 from Stardust track 10 shows a slightly wavy silica glass/compressed silica aerogel interface exposing a patchwork of compressed silica aerogel domains and domains of silica glass with embedded Wild 2 materials in ultra‐thin TEM sections. This interface is where molten silica encountered compressed silica aerogel at temperatures <100 °C, and probably near room temperature, causing steep thermal gradients. An Mg, Fe‐olivine grain, and a plagioclase‐leucite intergrowth survived without melting in silica glass. A Mg‐, Al‐, Ca‐, K‐bearing silica globule moved independently as a single object. Two clusters of pure iron, low‐Ni iron, and low‐Ni, low‐sulfur Fe‐Ni‐S grains also survived intact and came to rest right at the interface between silica glass/compressed silica aerogel. There are numerous Fe‐Ni‐S nanograins scattered throughout MgO‐rich magnesiosilica glass, but compositionally similar Fe‐Ni‐S are also found in the compressed silica aerogel, where they are not supposed to be. This work could not establish how deep they had penetrated the aerogel. Iron nanograins in this allocation form core‐ring grains with a gap between the iron core and a surrounding ring of thermally modified aerogel. This structure was caused when rapid, thermal expansion of the core heated the surrounding compressed aerogel that upon rapid cooling remained fixed in place while the iron core shrank back to its original size. The well‐known volume expansion of pure iron allowed reconstruction of the quench temperature for individual core‐ring grains. These temperatures showed the small scale of thermal energy loss at the silica glass/compressed silica aerogel interface. The data support fragmentation of olivine, plagioclase, and iron and Fe ± low‐Ni grains from comet 81P/Wild 2 during hypervelocity capture.