bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kedaulatan Pangan sebagai Basis untuk Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional
Authors: Syahyuti NFN , Sunarsih NFN , Wahyuni Sri , Sejati Wahyuning Kusuma , Azis Miftahul 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />The concept of food sovereignty officially becomes an objective and an approach in national food development such as depicted in Law No. 18/2012 on Food along with food self-sufficiency and food security. However, up to now formulation and understanding of food sovereignty is various and unclear. This article aims to review the concept of food sovereignty at international and national levels. Food sovereignty is a strategy to improve food security as the ultimate goal of food development because the concept is in fact consistent and complementary. Food sovereignty is related with farmers' rights and access to the entire agricultural resources including land, water, production factors, technology, and marketing as well as on consumption. This condition is measurable at various levels at individual, household, community, regional, and national levels.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsep kedaulatan pangan secara resmi telah menjadi tujuan dan juga pendekatan dalam pembangunan pangan nasional, sebagaimana tercantum dalam UU No. 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan, bersama-sama dengan kemandirian pangan dan ketahanan pangan. Namun demikian, sampai saat ini perumusan dan pemahaman tentang kedaulatan pangan masih beragam dan kurang jelas. Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan review konsep kedaulatan pangan yang berlangsung di dunia internasional dan dalam kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah di Indonesia. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa kedaulatan pangan merupakan suatu strategi dasar untuk melengkapi ketahanan pangan sebagai tujuan akhir pembangunan pangan, karena kedua konsep ini sesungguhnya sejalan dan saling melengkapi. Hasil dari pendalaman terhadap berbagai konsep, dirumuskan bahwa kedaulatan pangan berkenaan dengan hak dan akses petani kepada seluruh sumber daya pertanian mencakup lahan, air, sarana produksi, teknologi, pemasaran, serta terhadap konsumsi. Kondisi ini dapat diukur pada berbagai level baik level individu, rumah tangga, komunitas, wilayah, dan juga nasional.</p>
The Study of the Unstable Fracure Propagation in the Injection Well: Numerical and Laboratory Modeling
Authors: Trimonova M. , Baryshnikov N. , Zenchenko E. , Zenchenko P. , Turuntaev S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the article the results of laboratory studies on unstable fracture propagation in injection well are presented alongside with the verification of previously proposed model [Тримонова, Дубиня] verification using the results of experimental studies. The experimental studies were carried out in accordance with the similarity criterion between the experimentally studied material and the rock properties under the in-situ state. The similarity criterion was chaosen according to the possibilitiesof the experimental complex. The joint study of the possibilities of the experimental complex, mathematical model and similarity theory makes a basis for the application of mathematical model of water-induced hydraulic fracture propagation while modeling the reservoir exploitation process.
Solid‐State Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Humic Acids at High Magnetic Field Strengths
Authors: Dria Karl J. , Sachleben Joseph R. , Hatcher Patrick G. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTUse of solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become commonplace in studies of humic substances in soils and sediments, but when modern high‐field spectrometers are employed, care must be taken to ensure that the data obtained accurately reflect the chemical composition of these complex materials in environmental systems. In an effort to evaluate the quality of solid‐state 13C NMR spectra obtained with modern high‐field spectrometers, we conducted a series of experiments to examine spectra of various humic acids taken under a variety of conditions. We evaluate conditions for obtaining semiquantitative cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR spectra of humic acids at high magnetic field and spinning frequency. We examine the cross polarization (CP) dynamics under both traditional and ramp CP conditions on Cedar Creek humic acid. Fitted equilibrium intensities from these CP dynamic studies compare to within 3.4% of the intensities determined from a Bloch decay spectrum of the same sample. With a 1‐ms contact time, ramp CP and traditional CP spectra were acquired on this sample and were found to compare to within 5.4% of the Bloch decay spectrum; however, the signal‐to‐noise ratio per hour of data acquisition was found to double under ramp CP conditions. These results demonstrate the power of applying modern solid‐state NMR techniques at high magnetic field strengths. With these techniques, high‐quality, semiquantitative spectra can be quickly produced, allowing the application of solid‐state NMR techniques to more environmentally relevant samples, especially those where the quantity is limited.
Analysis of Potentially Mobile Phosphorus in Arable Soils Using Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: McDowell R.W. , Condron L.M. , Mahieu N. , Brookes P.C. , Poulton P.R. , Sharpley A.N. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn many intensive agroecosystems continued inputs of phosphorus (P) over many years can significantly increase soil P concentrations and the risk of P loss to surface waters. For this study we used solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high‐power decoupling with magic angle spinning (HPDec–MAS) NMR, and cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP–MAS) NMR to determine the chemical nature of potentially mobile P associated with aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) in selected arable soils. Three soils with a range of bicarbonate‐extractable Olsen P concentrations (40–102 mg P kg−1) were obtained from a long‐term field experiment on continuous root crops at Rothamsted, UK, established in 1843 (sampled 1958). This soil has a threshold or change point at 59 mg Olsen P kg−1, above which potentially mobile P (as determined by extraction with water or 0.01 M CaCl2) increases much more per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Results showed that CaCl2 and water preferentially extracted Al‐P and Ca‐P forms, respectively, from the soils. Comparison among the different soils also indicated that potentially mobile P above the threshold was largely present as a combination of soluble and loosely adsorbed (protonated–cross polarized) P forms largely associated with Ca, such as monetite (CaHPO4) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O), and some Al‐associated P as wavellite. The findings of this study demonstrate that solid‐state NMR has the potential to provide accurate information on the chemical nature of soil P species and their potential mobility.
Stray Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Soil Water
Authors: Kinchesh P. , Samoilenko A. A. , Preston A. R. , Randall E. W. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDevelopment, characterization, and preliminary results of a recent technique capable of local measurements of pore‐size distribution by a spatially resolved low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique are described. Potential environmental uses include studying the change in pore‐size distribution caused by surface compaction, which influences surface runoff, and obtaining information on the physical state of non‐aqueous compounds in porous materials, which should aid the selection of appropriate soil remediation methods. Stray field (STRAFI) imaging is an NMR technique that allows distortion‐free imaging of materials with short NMR relaxation times. The sample is placed in the strong axial fringe field gradient of a superconducting NMR magnet. We report on a new, unique, large 5‐cm‐diameter STRAFI probe, and its use for three preliminary test cases: water in ceramics of known pore size, paraffin wax and oil in sandstone rock, and water in soil at different matric potentials. The imaging is confined to one dimension with a spatial resolution of the order of 100 μm for protons. The optimum position for imaging occurs at 2.62 T and a gradient of 12.1 T/m. Water relaxation decay curves can be measured at any position in the 8‐cm‐long sample. These curves are decomposed into a series of terms each corresponding to a different pore size. Preliminary results show continuum fits to decay curves for a soil drained to three different matric potentials. Such information will be useful for interpreting water retention curves and will lead to understanding of the behavior of fluids in the vadose zone.
Modeling Phosphorus Concentrations in Irish Rivers Using Land Use, Soil Type, and Soil Phosphorus Data
Authors: Daly Karen , Mills Paul , Coulter Brian , McGarrigle Martin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTModeling diffuse phosphorus (P) loss may indicate management strategies to minimize P loss from agricultural sources. An empirical model predicting flow‐weighted phosphorus concentrations (MRP) was derived using data collected from 35 Irish river catchments. Monitoring records of riverine P and stream flow data were used to calculate MRP values averaged for the years 1991–1994. These data were modeled using land use, soil type, and soil P data. Soil type in catchments was described using soil survey classifications weighted according to their P desorption properties from laboratory results. Soil test P concentrations for the studied watersheds were obtained from a national database. Soil P levels were weighted based on the results of field experiments measuring P losses in overland flow from fields at different soil test P levels. The 35 catchments were statistically clustered into two populations (A and B) based on differences in soil type, specifically, soil hydrology. Catchments in Cluster A had predominantly poorly drained soils and comparatively higher MRP concentrations (0.03–0.17 mgL−1) than Cluster B areas (0.01–0.7 mgL−1) with mostly well‐drained soils. Regression equations derived for A and B type catchments predicted MRP values with 68 and 62% of the variation explained in the models, respectively. Data extracted for the rest of the country were applied to the models to delineate areas at risk on a national scale. While the models were only moderately accurate they highlighted the influence of land management, specifically, high production grassland receiving high P inputs, in conjunction with the effect of soil type and soil hydrology on the transport of P to surface waters.
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Episodic Wind Erosion in Unburned and Burned Semiarid Shrubland
Authors: Whicker Jeffrey J. , Breshears David D. , Wasiolek Piotr T. , Kirchner Thomas B. , Tavani Rebecca A. , Schoep David A. , Rodgers John C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTRedistribution of soil, nutrients, and contaminants is often driven by wind erosion in semiarid shrublands. Wind erosion depends on wind velocity (particularly during episodic, high‐velocity winds) and on vegetation, which is generally sparse and spatially heterogeneous in semiarid ecosystems. Further, the vegetation cover can be rapidly and greatly altered due to disturbances, particularly fire. Few studies, however, have evaluated key temporal and spatial components of wind erosion with respect to (i) erosion rates on the scale of weeks as a function of episodic high‐velocity winds, (ii) rates at unburned and burned sites, and (iii) within‐site spatial heterogeneity in erosion. Measuring wind erosion in unburned and recently burned Chihuahuan desert shrubland, we found (i) weekly wind erosion was related more to daily peak wind velocities than to daily average velocities as consistent with our findings of a threshold wind velocity at approximately 7 m s−1; (ii) greater erodibility in burned vs. unburned shrubland as indicated by erosion thresholds, aerodynamic roughness, and near‐ground soil movement; and (iii) burned shrubland lost soil from intercanopy and especially canopy patches in contrast to unburned shrubland, where soil accumulated in canopy patches. Our results are among the first to quantify post‐fire wind erosion and highlight the importance of accounting for finer temporal and spatial variation in shrubland wind erosion. This finer‐scale variation relates to semiarid land degradation, and is particularly relevant for predictions of contaminant resuspension and redistribution, both of which historically ignore finer‐scale temporal and spatial variation in wind erosion.
Adsorption and Degradation of the Weak Acid Mesotrione in Soil and Environmental Fate Implications
Authors: Dyson J.S. , Beulke S. , Brown C. D. , Lane M. C. G. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe ability of soils to adsorb and degrade pesticides strongly influences their environmental fate. This paper examines the adsorption and degradation of a weak acid, a new herbicide mesotrione [2‐[4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐nitrobenzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione], in 15 different soils from Europe and the USA. Experiments were conducted to understand the influence of soil properties, covering a wide range of soil textures, soil pH values (4.4 to 7.5), and organic carbon contents (0.6 to 3.35%). Mesotrione adsorption (Kdvalues ranged from 0.13 to 5.0 L/kg) was primarily related to soil pH, and to a lesser extent by percent organic carbon (%OC). As soil pH rose, mesotrioneKdvalues got smaller as mesotrione dissociated from the molecular to anionic form. Mesotrione degradation (half‐lives ranged from 4.5 to 32 d) was also related to soil pH, getting shorter as soil pH rose. Simple regression of mesotrione adsorption against soil pH and %OC and against degradation provided a close fit to the data. The correlation between mesotrione adsorption and degradation means thatKdand half‐life values are only relevant for use in environmental fate assessment if these values are “paired” for the same soil pH and %OC. The implications were as illustrated for leaching, raising important issues about combining pesticide adsorption and degradation behavior in environmental fate assessments.
Jack Pine Growth and Elemental Composition Are Affected by Saline Tailings Water
Authors: Franklin Jennifer A. , Renault Sylvie , Croser Clare , Zwiazek Janusz J. , MacKinnon Michael 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn the processing of oil sands from Alberta's Athabasca formation, large quantities of alkaline, saline tailings and associated process‐affected waters are produced. These waters may have a negative effect on plants used in reclamation of mined areas in this region of the northern boreal forest. In the present study, we examined the effects of process‐affected water on the growth and elemental composition of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings. Seedlings were grown in sand culture, and treated with tailings water to which mineral nutrients had been added. One‐month‐old seedlings were treated for 14 d, and all measured growth parameters were reduced. Growth and shoot elemental composition were also measured in seven‐month‐old seedlings that were treated for 10 wk with process‐affected water. Shoots had significantly elevated levels of Na, Cl, S, P, B, and Sr, and significantly reduced levels of Fe, Mo, Ba, and K. The relationships between elemental composition and seedling growth and injury were examined using multiple regression. Growth rates, dry weights, and carotenoid content were reduced, but were not related to shoot elemental composition. Needle necrosis was positively related to tissue Na and Cl. Results indicate that reclamation planning must consider substrate Na and Cl levels when planting jack pine on tailings‐affected sites.
Phosphorus Leaching from Biosolids‐Amended Sandy Soils
Authors: Elliott H. A. , O'Connor G. A. , Brinton S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIncreasing emphasis on phosphorus (P)‐based nutrient management underscores the need to understand P behavior in soils amended with biosolids and manures. Laboratory and greenhouse column studies characterized P forms and leachability of eight biosolids products, chicken manure (CM), and commercial fertilizer (triple superphosphate, TSP). Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatumFlugge) was grown for 4 mo on two acid, P‐deficient Florida sands, representing both moderate (Candler series: hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments) and very low (Immokalee series: sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Alaquods) P‐sorbing capacities. Amendments were applied at 56 and 224 kg PTha−1, simulating P‐based and N‐based nutrient loadings, respectively. Column leachate P was dominantly inorganic and lower for biosolids P sources than TSP. For Candler soil, only TSP at the high P rate exhibited P leaching statistically greater (α = 0.05) than control (soil‐only) columns. For the high P rate and low P‐sorbing Immokalee soil, TSP and CM leached 21 and 3.0% of applied P, respectively. Leachate P for six biosolids was <1.0% of applied P and not statistically different from controls. Largo biosolids, generated from a biological P removal process, exhibited significantly greater leachate P in both cake and pelletized forms (11 and 2.5% of applied P, respectively) than other biosolids. Biosolids P leaching was correlated to the phosphorus saturation index (PSI = [Pox]/[Alox+ Feox]) based on oxalate extraction of the pre‐applied biosolids. For biosolids with PSI ≤ approximately 1.1, no appreciable leaching occurred. Only Largo cake (PSI = 1.4) and pellets (PSI = 1.3) exhibited P leaching losses statistically greater than controls. The biosolids PSI appears useful for identifying biosolids with potential to enrich drainage P when applied to low P‐sorbing soils.
Uma arqueologia do mercado: Foucault e o neoliberalismo como dispositivo biopolítico [A market archeology: Foucault and neoliberalism as a biopolitical device]
Authors: Gimbo Fernando Sepe 
Published: October 2017

Trata-se de mostrar como a análise que Foucault propõe sobre o neoliberalismo, em O nascimento da biopolítica, pode ser compreendida como uma arqueologia do mercado. Para tanto, o artigo é dividido em três partes: 1) primeiramente, relacionar a questão sobre o neoliberalismo dentro do problema maior de uma ontologia do presente; 2) acompanhar a leitura que Foucault propõe em o Nascimento da biopolítica, mediado pelas elucidações propostas por Dardot e Laval (2016), focando nas linhas de continuidades e descontinuidades do neoliberalismo com a tradição liberal clássica a partir da transformação das práticas de mercado; 3) propor como conclusão a hipótese do capitalismo como “totalidade aberta” e a necessidade de retomar o caráter negativo da crítica foucaultiana.
Applying GIS for Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Ecosystems in Hai Phong City
Authors: Canh Pham Xuan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Economic developments in coastal zone in Hai Phong city such as industrial zones, seaports have significant impacts on living space and environment of ecosystems. Especially in climate change theme as the rising of average temperature and global mean sea level, the ecosystems here are at high risk of vulnerability. Vulnerability assesment of ecosystems is very important to detect the risk of future ecosystem degradation, which helps to define the timely measures to preserve and restore them.
Based on the study of natural and socio-economic conditions affecting the environment of ecosystem, the research developed indicators to evaluate the vulnerability of ecosystems which are divided into three groups: sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity. These indicators after normalization are the inputs for mapping vulnerability assessment of ecosystems through GIS tools. The vulnerability are divided into five levels: very low, low, medium, high and very high.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in The VVER-1200 Reactor’s Heat Channel
Authors: Dinh Van Thin , Bui Loat Van , Bui Hong Thi 
Published: October 2017

In early 2015, the Government of Vietname has decided to choose VVER-1200 Russian-made technology for building at the Nuclear Power Plant in Ninh Thuan 1, this is the advanced reactor generation III + and the only one has been completed for the first time in the world in August 2016. Vietnam is facing a major challenge, which is how to ensure the acquired technology transfer process, then the safe operation of thisunit.
This article analyzes some of the heat changes occur in reactor when there are changes of the heatflux. This is an issue directly related to the workof predictingincidents and give ways to fix the problem when the plant is in conditions such as startup, normal and abnormaloperations.
For analysis, the authors used CFD methods, this is a very modern method and have high reliability. The results received have fit well when compared with the safety analysis report of Rosatom published.
Siglo XIX en la Historia de El Cerrito
Authors: Carvajal Peña Diego A. 
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo quiere contribuir al esclarecimiento de algunos procesos sociales acaecidos en el siglo XIX y que son una fuerza motora para el desarrollo del capitalismo en nuestro distrito. La investigación gira preferencialmente dentro del concepto de hacienda, teniendo en cuenta su gran importancia como unidad productiva.
Producción de Esmeraldas en Muzo Boyacá Durante el Radicalismo Colombiano. Siglo XIX
Authors: Amaya Guío Germán Alberto 
Published: October 2017

La producción de esmeraldas en Muzo ha sido una importante actividad económica reconocida desde el período prehispánico hasta nuestros días; indudablemente ha sido una de las fuentes de riqueza captada por algunas distinguidas familias de la élite nacional, pero ha sido casi nulo y muy poco significativo el aporte que este sector económico (en un alto porcentaje de propiedad del departamento), ha hecho al desarrollo social de esta región del país. Por el contrario, desde los inicios la época republicana (S. XIX) Muzo se convirtió en fuente de corrupción administrativa e inseguridad con presencia de grupos armados generalmente al margen de la ley y protagonistas de innumerables desafueros.
KONVERSATISME AKUNTANSI & FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI (Suatu Analisis terhadap Biaya Litigasi, Leverage, dan Growth Opportunities)
Authors: Mulyani Mulyani 
Published: October 2017

Laporan keuangan merupakan suatu bentuk pertanggungjawaban manajemen untuk memenuhi kepentingan investor, kreditor, dan pemerintah. Selain itu, informasi yang ada dalam laporan keuangan dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan, sehingga harus mengandung informasi yang dapat dipercaya. Manajemen diberikan fleksibilitas dalam memilih metode akuntansi yang akan digunakan, salah satunya dengan menerapkan konservatisme akuntansi. Konservatisme didefinisikan sebagai usaha antisipasi atas kerugian yang mungkin terjadi dalam proses bisnis perusahaan dengan cara mengakui beban lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pendapatan. Bila prinsip ini diterapkan maka akan menyebabkan angka laba dan pendapatan cenderung rendah sedangkan angka biaya cenderung tinggi. Penggunaan prinsip ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa perusahaan dihadapkan pada ketidakpastian ekonomi di masa yang akan datang, sehingga pengukuran dan pengakuan untuk angka-angka tersebut dilakukan dengan hati-hati. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2015. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode judgment sampling. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 279 data observasi yang diambil dari 93 perusahaan selama periode 2013-2015. Regresi logistik digunakan untuk menguji variabel yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap konservatisme akuntansi. Hasil pengujian SPSS menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis pertama, kedua dan ketiga ditolak. Walaupun hipotesis pertama dan kedua ditolak, namun hasil tersebut signifikan dengan arah hipotesis yang berlawanan. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel biaya litigasi dan leverage terbukti memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap konservatisme akuntansi. Sedangkan variabel growth opportunities tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konservatisme akuntansi.