bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tīrtha
Authors: Jacobsen Knut Axel 
Published: November 2015

In Hindu traditions, a tīrtha is a place believed to possess auspiciousness and purifying, salvific power, and it is therefore a pilgrimage site, tīrthayātrā. The term tīrtha is widely used for pilgrimage place, but pīṭha is also common, especially in tantric traditions about pilgrimage places associated with goddesses. Some pilgrimage places are called dhāms, such as the Himalayan pilgrimage to the four dhāms Badrinath, Kedarnath, Yamunotri, and Gangotri. Rivers are also objects of pilgrimage. The term kṣetra is also used for pilgrimage places, often for pilgrimage places that contain many tīrthas pilgrims are supposed to visit. Many Hindu pilgrimage places are associated with water since bathing often is part of the rituals performed at the pilgrimage places. Visiting tīrthas is a dominant feature of Hindu traditions, but pilgrimage was not part of the religion of the Vedas. The earliest Sanskrit text to promote visits to tīrthas was the Mahābhārata. The long Tīrthayātrāparvan, which constitutes chapters 78–148 of the Vanaparvan of the Mahābhārata, is perhaps from 200 to 400 ce or later. Cultural and social changes in this period led to tīrthas being increasingly promoted by bards and Brahmans. The genre of the Purāṇas was created to promote new religious ideas and practices and is dominated by the ideology of salvific space and promotion of pilgrimage travel to tīrthas. The Purāṇas contain a large number of Māhātmyas (texts proclaiming the greatness of a place), and many Purāṇas are themselves Māhātmyas of place, Sthalapurāṇas. The sacred narratives of the Purāṇas are often connected to places. In the Hindu traditions, the landscapes are adorned with narratives of gods and goddesses. For most Hindus, tīrthas have been more important than religious books, especially until the ability to read became widespread. Economic change seems to have played an important role in the development of salvific places and economic interests have been important motivations for their promotion. The salvific rewards granted by visits to the sites were often associated with gifts to Brahmans, which indicates the importance of the economic dimension in the pilgrimage tradition. Typically, in the texts promoting pilgrimage places, the salvific rewards of visiting pilgrimage centers are exaggerated, and the rewards of the Vedic sacrifices ridiculed, which probably points to conflicts in the tradition between different groups of priests. In the Hindu traditions, salvific space is a process, a way to relate to the environment, and new places of pilgrimage are continuously being created.
Celtic and Irish Revival
Authors: McAteer Michael 
Published: November 2015

The phrase Celtic Revival describes past movements in literature, the arts, and social practices in which legends, poetry, art, and spirituality of a distinctive kind were revived. Writers and artists identified these with the Celtic people in parts of pre-Christian and early Christian Europe. The most significant Celtic Revival took place in Ireland toward the end of the 19th century and into the first two decades of the 20th century. It is commonly referred to as the Irish Revival, though it has also been considered a Celtic revival in Ireland that had associations with revival movements in Scotland, Wales, the English regions, and Brittany. The Irish Revival was felt most strongly in literature, drama, and the Irish language. It was also evident in art, design, music, and sport. The political and economic features of the Irish Revival were complex. The influence of militant nationalism was strong, yet unionist, Home Rule nationalist, socialist, and feminist political views were held by different figures involved in the Irish Revival across a range of different groups and activities. Much academic scholarship concerned with Celtic Revival has focused on the literary and dramatic movement in Ireland, producing as it did three of the most important international literary figures of the 20th century—W. B. Yeats, J. M. Synge, and Sean O’Casey. The term Celtic Revival, however, was contested by some cultural activists in Ireland. During the Irish Revival, some regarded the notion of “Celtic” Revival as softening the national “Irish” nature of the movement, implying affinities with the ancient inheritances of England, Scotland, and Wales, its focus more among literary societies in London than among those engaged in “nation-building” activities in Dublin. For others, the Celtic aspect of the Irish Revival was precisely what distinguished it from the modern character of English urban society. Aside from this, the question arises as to how much Celtic Revival in Ireland and Britain grew out of inventions of the Celt as a cultural ideal from the 16th century in Europe. This article opens with a section covering studies of Celtic civilization in Ireland and Britain. Subsequent sections address scholarship on the literary and dramatic aspects of the Irish Revival from the late 19th century, its historical contexts, as well as the range of its political ideas, movements, and activists. Academic publications are also listed on a range of individual literary and language-revival figures associated with the Irish Revival. Later sections cover studies of Pan-Celticism and Celtic Revival in Britain. The final sections identify scholarship on the Irish Revival in the fields of art, design, music, and sport, addressing correspondences between activities in Celtic revival in Ireland and Scotland in the process.
Impact of Perioperative Epidural Placement on Postdischarge Opioid Use in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Ladha Karim S. , Patorno Elisabetta , Liu Jun , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a review of over 6,400 patients who underwent open abdominal surgery, propensity-matched analysis showed no effect of use of epidural analgesia on time to discontinuation of opioids after hospital discharge or dose of opioids administered in the first 90 days after discharge.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Opioids play a crucial role in providing analgesia throughout the perioperative period; however, patients may become persistent users of these medications months after surgery. Epidurals have been posited to prevent the development of persistent pain, but there are little data on the effect of epidurals on persistent opioid use.

Methods
This study was conducted using a claims database of a large, nationwide commercial health insurer. Opioid-naive patients who underwent open abdominal surgery from January 2004 to December 2013 were included in the study. Propensity scores for epidural placement were calculated accounting for demographic characteristics, resource utilization, and comorbid conditions (including medical, psychiatric, and pain conditions). Time-to-event analysis was used with the primary outcome defined as 30 days without filling an opioid prescription after discharge. In addition, total morphine equivalents dispensed within 90 days of discharge were also calculated for each patient.

Results
A total of 6,432 patients were included in the final propensity score–matched cohort. The Cox proportional hazards ratio was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.01; P = 0.0910) for the relation between epidural placement and time till a 30-day gap without filling an opioid prescription. There was no difference in the total morphine equivalents dispensed within 90 days of discharge between the groups (P = 0.7670).

Conclusions
Epidural placement was not protective against persistent opioid use in a large cohort of opioid-naive patients undergoing abdominal surgery. This finding does not detract from the other potential benefits of epidural placement. More research is needed to understand the mechanism of persistent opioid use after surgery and its prevention.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1β Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma With Clear Cell Features: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Hanley Krisztina Z. , Cohen Cynthia , Osunkoya Adeboye O. 
Published: November 2015

Introduction:
Distinguishing primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) from other tumors with clear cell features can be challenging. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) is a sensitive and specific marker for ovarian CCC. Immunohistochemical studies have shown HNF-1β positivity in a substantial proportion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), hepatocellular carcinomas, and clear cell pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the role of HNF-1β in differentiating ovarian CCC from metastatic RCC and urothelial carcinoma (UC) with clear cell features.

Materials and Methods:
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays of 103 clear cell RCC, 8 UC with clear cell features, and 15 ovarian CCC were studied using an HNF-1β antibody. Nuclear staining intensity and percentage of positively stained cells were assessed and scored from 0 to 3. Percentage of positive staining was scored based on the proportion of tumor cells stained.

Results:
Sixty-three of 103 (61.2%) of clear cell RCC were positive for HNF-1β. Staining intensity was weak in 32 of 103 cases (31.6%), moderate in 21 of 103 cases (20.4%), and strong in 10 to 103 cases (9.7%).
Six of 8 (75%) UC with clear cell features showed positive staining predominantly in clear cell areas.
All 15 cases of ovarian CCC were positive for HNF-1β.

Discussion:
Overall 61.2% of clear cell RCC and 75% of UC were immunopositive with HNF-1β in our study. HNF-1β has a limited utility in differentiating CCC of the genitourinary system from an ovarian primary.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Diagnose Infantile Parotid Hemangioma
Authors: Crow Elizabeth , Kang Tarina L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Soft tissue masses are common in the pediatric population and may represent a broad range of conditions. Point-of-care ultrasound can be used for rapid visualization and assessment of soft tissue masses in the emergency setting. We report a case of a pediatric head and neck mass in which point-of-care ultrasound was used to identify an infantile parotid hemangioma.
Recent demography drives changes in linked selection across the maize genome
Authors: Beissinger Timothy M. , Wang Li , Crosby Kate , Durvasula Arun , Hufford Matthew B. , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGenetic diversity is shaped by the interaction of drift and selection, but the details of this interaction are not well understood. The impact of genetic drift in a population is largely determined by its demographic history, typically summarized by its long-term effective population size (Ne). Rapidly changing population demographics complicate this relationship, however. To better understand how changing demography impacts selection, we used whole-genome sequencing data to investigate patterns of linked selection in domesticated and wild maize (teosinte). We produce the first whole-genome estimate of the demography of maize domestication, showing that maize was reduced to approximately 5% the population size of teosinte before it experienced rapid expansion post-domestication to population sizes much larger than its ancestor. Evaluation of patterns of nucleotide diversity in and near genes shows little evidence of selection on beneficial amino acid substitutions, and that the domestication bottleneck led to a decline in the efficiency of purifying selection in maize. Young alleles, however, show evidence of much stronger purifying selection in maize, reflecting the much larger effective size of present day populations. Our results demonstrate that recent demographic change — a hallmark of many species including both humans and crops — can have immediate and wide-ranging impacts on diversity that conflict with would-be expectations based onNealone.
Wikidata: A platform for data integration and dissemination for the life sciences and beyond
Authors: Mitraka Elvira , Waagmeester Andra , Burgstaller-Muehlbacher Sebastian , Schriml Lynn M. , Su Andrew I. , Good Benjamin M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWikidata is an open, Semantic Web-compatible database that anyone can edit. This ‘data commons’ provides structured data for Wikipedia articles and other applications. Every article on Wikipedia has a hyperlink to an editable item in this database. This unique connection to the world’s largest community of volunteer knowledge editors could help make Wikidata a key hub within the greater Semantic Web. The life sciences, as ever, faces crucial challenges in disseminating and integrating knowledge. Our group is addressing these issues by populating Wikidata with the seeds of a foundational semantic network linking genes, drugs and diseases. Using this content, we are enhancing Wikipedia articles to both increase their quality and recruit human editors to expand and improve the underlying data. We encourage the community to join us as we collaboratively create what can become the most used and most central semantic data resource for the life sciences and beyond.
Effective QTL Discovery Incorporating Genomic Annotations
Authors: Wen Xiaoquan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMapping molecular QTLs has emerged as an important tool for understanding the genetic basis of cell functions. With the increasing availability of functional genomic data, it is natural to incorporate genomic annotations into QTL discovery. In this paper, we describe a novel method, named TORUS, for integrative QTL discovery. Using hierarchical modeling, our approach embeds a rigorous enrichment analysis to quantify the enrichment level of each annotation in target QTLs. This enrichment information is then used to identify QTLs by up-weighting the genetic variants with relevant annotations using a Bayesian false discovery rate control procedure. Our proposed method only requires summary-level statistics and is highly efficient computationally: it runs one-hundred times faster than the current gold-standard QTL discovery approach that relies on permutations. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that the proposed method performs accurate enrichment analysis and controls the desired type I error rate while greatly improving the power of QTL discovery when incorporating informative annotations. Finally, we analyze the recently released expression-genotype data from 44 human tissues generated by the GTEx project. By integrating the simple annotation of SNP distance to transcription start sites, we discover more genes that harbor expression-associated SNPs in all 44 tissues, with an average increase of 1,485 genes.
META-RELQUAL construct validation: a South African study
Authors: Mpinganjira Mercy , Svensson Göran , Mysen Tore 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test a measurement model of a META-RELQUAL construct based upon South African business-supplier relationships.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected using computer-assisted telephone interviews. The sampling frame consisted of the top 500 South African companies based on revenue. A total of 232 fully completed questionnaires were obtained representing a response rate of 46.4 per cent.Findings– The findings show satisfactory goodness-of-fit measures for the model tested. All the requirements for convergent, discriminant and nomological validity as well as construct reliability were achieved satisfactorily.Practical implications– The study provides a framework of constructs that South African business managers need to take into consideration in order to establish and maintain good relations with their suppliers.Originality/value– This study contributes to theory on relationship marketing and presents the first tested measurement model of the META-RELQUAL construct in Africa.
Sustainability of fiscal policy in an oil-rich economy: the case of Nigeria
Authors: Akanbi Olusegun Ayodele 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the sustainability of fiscal policy in Nigeria by disaggregating the economy into oil and non-oil segments.Design/methodology/approach– Owing to the enormous influence of the oil revenue, the study distinguishes between the oil and non-oil fiscal balances. In addition, it abstracted from the endogenous macroeconomic environment, therefore, fiscal policy sustainability is investigated on the basis of the responses of the government primary balance to changes in deficits and debt levels. The models are estimated with time-series data from 1970 to 2011 using the Johansen estimation techniques.Findings– The results from the estimations performed suggest that government responds more to deficit targets than debt targets. However, this differs in the non-oil segment, as the fiscal policy actions of government do not consistently respond to either deficit or debt targets. Given this, the overall economy and the oil segment have revealed a strong fiscal sustainability over the years while fiscal policy is unsustainable in the non-oil segment.Research limitations/implications– The major limitation of this study is the unavailability of data on government expenditure resulting from oil revenue. Therefore, it would be imperative to reinvestigate the specifications adopted in this study in follow-up studies.Practical implications– The study includes implications for policy makers, especially in Nigeria and other oil-producing countries, to detect the extent to which the economy should rely on the oil revenue stream as the main source of revenue to government. The proceeds from the oil endowment have not yet trickled down to the rest of the economy where real economic activity could be carried out which would eventually lead to more tax revenue for the government.Originality/value– To assess the sustainability of fiscal policy in an oil-rich economy such as Nigeria, it is imperative to detect the influence of oil funds on both government revenue streams and expenditure decisions. This study has made this distinction.
Unemployment in Ghana: a cross sectional analysis from demand and supply perspectives
Authors: Baah-Boateng William 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the causes of unemployment in Ghana from both labour demand and supply perspectives based on most recent cross sectional data set from one nationally representative household survey and a baseline survey for Millennium Development Support.Design/methodology/approach– A logit regression estimation technique is applied to two different household survey data sets of 2008 and 2013 to capture the effect of labour demand and supply on unemployment.Findings– Using education and age as capability variables to represent supply factors, unemployment is found to increase with education, and declines with age, confirming higher unemployment rate among the youth, than the old. The paper also observes strong influence of demand factors on unemployment based on relatively higher incidence of unemployment fulltime jobseekers relative to part-time jobseekers and seekers of formal or wage-employment and self-employment or SMEs compared with those seeking any job. Other factors such as the individual’s reservation wage, marital status, sex and poverty status as well as their rural-urban location are also found to cause unemployment in Ghana.Practical implications– Unemployment as a result of the inability of individuals to obtain a job of their choice in the midst of strong economic growth in Ghana suggests weak employment content of growth. In contrast, an increasing phenomenon of unemployment with education also reflects a problem of skill mismatch between skills churn out by education and training institutions and skills requirement by firms in the labour market.Originality/value– The originality of the paper and its contribution to existing literature largely emanate from the inclusion of demand factors in a cross sectional analysis of causes of unemployment.
Trade and stock management to achieve national food security in India and China?
Authors: Dev S. Mahendra , Zhong Funing 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– China and India have to provide food security to 1.36 billion and 1.25 billion populations, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to address the roles of trade and stock management in achieving food security in these countries, such as the impacts of trade on consumer and producer prices and incomes of farmers and others and implications for food security, and the impact of stock management on price stability, availability, access and nutrition.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on secondary data and literature on these issues. It compares the policy tools of trade and stock management used in India and China for food security purpose, in terms of long-term efficiency, in order to provide better understanding on how to achieve food security through public interventions.

Findings
– Although stock is an important tool for food security, it is likely to be costly if used for price support and redistribution purposes. Trade might provide cheap food to enhance access to food, the impact on domestic producers and the volatility in world market may lead to serious problems. A carefully designed policy combining stock management and trade may help achieving food security.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper relies on existing literature of current issues and policies, and tries to conduct comparative study on India and China, the two largest countries in the world. The scale and depth of the study are restricted by authors’ knowledge, hence may not be adequate in addressing those important issues.

Practical implications
– Both India and China are undergoing policy review regarding food security, under pressures in domestic market and from multi-nation negotiations. This study may provide better understandings of the issues related to policy reform and trade negotiation.

Originality/value
– Though a large portion of factual materials are adopted from existing literature and statistics, the analyses are those of authors.
Farmer organizations in China and India
Authors: Huang Zuhui , Vyas Vijay , Liang Qiao 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Agriculture sectors in China and India are going through rapid changes. There is a shift in demand pattern, significant changes in the supply chain, greater competition due to opening up of the domestic and external markets and fuller integration with rest of the economy. These developments have impacted traditional agriculture and its institutional underpinning. Latter are being transformed and new institutions are coming into existence. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper discusses the changes in economy and the agricultural sector, explores institutional responses in terms of various producer organizations in the two countries, and examines their adequacy for the coming phase of agricultural development in China and India.

Findings
– The co-existence of various farmer organizations will sustain for a long period in both China and India. Overall, they have benefitted agriculture producers, and more particularly the surplus generating farmers. However, the incompatibility between these and the vast and growing small farm sector is not disappearing. Next set of institutional reforms should address this critical question of “reaching the unreached.”

Originality/value
– China and India are the world’s two largest countries in terms of population as well as agricultural population. They share a lot of common features. This paper discusses the changes in agricultural sector, explores institutional responses in terms of farmer organizations, and examines their adequacy for the coming phase of agricultural development in China and India, which has never been seen before.