bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hox11 Function Is Required for Region-Specific Fracture Repair
Authors: Rux Danielle R , Song Jane Y , Pineault Kyriel M , Mandair Gurjit S , Swinehart Ilea T , Schlientz Aleesa J , Garthus Kayla N , Goldstein Steve A , Kozloff Ken M , Wellik Deneen M 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The processes that govern fracture repair rely on many mechanisms that recapitulate embryonic skeletal development. Hox genes are transcription factors that perform critical patterning functions in regional domains along the axial and limb skeleton during development. Much less is known about roles for these genes in the adult skeleton. We recently reported that Hox11 genes, which function in zeugopod development (radius/ulna and tibia/fibula), are also expressed in the adult zeugopod skeleton exclusively in PDGFRα+/CD51+/LepR+ mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). In this study, we use a Hoxa11eGFP reporter allele and loss-of-function Hox11 alleles, and we show that Hox11 expression expands after zeugopod fracture injury, and that loss of Hox11 function results in defects in endochondral ossification and in the bone remodeling phase of repair. In Hox11 compound mutant fractures, early chondrocytes are specified but show defects in differentiation, leading to an overall deficit in the cartilage production. In the later stages of the repair process, the hard callus remains incompletely remodeled in mutants due, at least in part, to abnormal bone matrix organization. Overall, our data supports multiple roles for Hox11 genes following fracture injury in the adult skeleton. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Whole‐volume apparent diffusion coefficient‐based entropy parameters for assessment of gastric cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Liu Song , Zheng Huanhuan , Zhang Yujuan , Chen Ling , Guan Wenxian , Guan Yue , Ge Yun , He Jian , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo explore the role of whole‐volume apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)‐based entropy parameters in the preoperative assessment of gastric cancer's aggressiveness.Materials and MethodsIn all, 64 patients with gastric cancers who underwent 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively included. Regions of interest were drawn manually using in‐house software, around gastric cancer lesions on each slice of the diffusion‐weighted images and ADC maps. Entropy‐related parameters based on ADC maps were calculated automatically: (1) first‐order entropy; (2–5) second‐order entropies, including entropy(H)0, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, and entropy(H)135; (6) entropy(H)mean; and (7) entropy(H)range. Correlations between entropy‐related parameters and pathological characteristics were analyzed with the Spearman correlation test. The parameters were compared among different pathological characteristics with independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney U‐test. Additionally, diagnostic performances of parameters in differentiating different pathological characteristics were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsAll the entropy‐related parameters significantly correlated with T, N, and overall stages, especially the first‐order entropy (r = 0.588, 0.585, and 0.677, respectively, all P < 0.05). All the entropy‐related parameters showed significant differences in gastric cancers at different T, N, and overall stages, as well as at different status of vascular invasion (P < 0.001–0.027). And four parameters, including entropy, entropy(H)0, entropy(H)45, and entropy(H)90, showed significant differences between gastric cancers with and without perineural invasion (P 0.006–0.040).ConclusionEntropy‐related parameters derived from whole‐volume ADC texture analysis could help assess the aggressiveness of gastric cancers via analyzing intratumoral heterogeneity quantitatively, especially the first‐order entropy.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:168–175.
Paleoecological and stratigraphic controls on eurypterid Lagerstätten: a model for preservation in the mid-Paleozoic
Authors: Vrazo Matthew B. , Brett Carlton E. , Ciurca Samuel J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent studies of eurypterid paleoecology suggest that formation of eurypterid Lagerstätten in the mid-Paleozoic of Laurentia was controlled by the presence of an ecological–taphonomic window that recurred predictably in nearshore, marginal environments during transgressions. We tested this hypothesis by performing a high-resolution taxonomic, environmental, and stratigraphic survey and quantitative analysis of all Silurian–Lower Devonian eurypterid-bearing intervals in the Appalachian basin, the most prolific region for eurypterid remains in the world. Canonical correspondence analysis of sedimentological and faunal associations revealed a strong lithologic gradient between groupings of eurypterid genera and associated taxa across the basin, and a significant association of eurypterids with microbialites (thrombolites, stromatolites) and evaporitic structures. Field observations confirmed that, stratigraphically, eurypterids in the basin frequently occur above the microbialite structures and beneath evaporites and other indicators of increased salinity or subaerial exposure. Following interpretation of these features within a sequence stratigraphic framework, we present a preservational model in which (1) eurypterids inhabited nearshore settings following freshening conditions concomitant with minor transgressions, (2) their remains were subsequently buried by storms or microbialite sediment baffling, and (3) subsequent long-term preservation of tissues was facilitated by regression and cyclical shallowing-up successions that promoted hypersalinity and anoxia. In the central and southern region of the basin, where microbial structures and evidence for hypersalinity are less common, a similar pattern of cyclical shallowing-upward deposition within eurypterid-bearing units holds. Thus, eurypterid preservation appears to reflect a combination of ecological preferences and abiotic conditions that promoted inhabitation and eventual preservation within the same setting. This study provides the first quantitative support for a sea level–based control on preservation of eurypterids and adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests that analysis of exceptional preservation in the fossil record benefits from interpretation within a sequence stratigraphic framework.
Targeted apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through mitochondrial dysfunction in response to Sambucus nigra agglutinin
Authors: Chowdhury Shreya Roy , Ray Upasana , Chatterjee Bishnu P , Roy Sib S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOvarian carcinoma (OC) patients encounter the severe challenge of clinical management owing to lack of screening measures, chemoresistance and finally dearth of non-toxic therapeutics. Cancer cells deploy various defense strategies to sustain the tumor microenvironment, among which deregulated apoptosis remains a versatile promoter of cancer progression. Although recent research has focused on identifying agents capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, yet molecules efficiently breaching their survival advantage are yet to be classified. Here we identify lectin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) to exhibit selectivity towards identifying OC by virtue of its specific recognition of α-2, 6-linked sialic acids. Superficial binding of SNA to the OC cells confirm the hyper-sialylated status of the disease. Further, SNA activates the signaling pathways of AKT and ERK1/2, which eventually promotes de-phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1). Upon its translocation to the mitochondrial fission loci Drp-1 mediates the central role of switch in the mitochondrial phenotype to attain fragmented morphology. We confirmed mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization resulting in ROS generation and cytochrome-c release into the cytosol. SNA response resulted in an allied shift of the bioenergetics profile from Warburg phenotype to elevated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, altogether highlighting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in restraining cancer progression. Inability to replenish the SNA-induced energy crunch of the proliferating cancer cells on the event of perturbed respiratory outcome resulted in cell cycle arrest before G2/M phase. Our findings position SNA at a crucial juncture where it proves to be a promising candidate for impeding progression of OC. Altogether we unveil the novel aspect of identifying natural molecules harboring the inherent capability of targeting mitochondrial structural dynamics, to hold the future for developing non-toxic therapeutics for treating OC.
Subsampling scaling
Authors: Levina A. , Priesemann V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn real-world applications, observations are often constrained to a small fraction of a system. Such spatial subsampling can be caused by the inaccessibility or the sheer size of the system, and cannot be overcome by longer sampling. Spatial subsampling can strongly bias inferences about a system’s aggregated properties. To overcome the bias, we derive analytically a subsampling scaling framework that is applicable to different observables, including distributions of neuronal avalanches, of number of people infected during an epidemic outbreak, and of node degrees. We demonstrate how to infer the correct distributions of the underlying full system, how to apply it to distinguish critical from subcritical systems, and how to disentangle subsampling and finite size effects. Lastly, we apply subsampling scaling to neuronal avalanche models and to recordings from developing neural networks. We show that only mature, but not young networks follow power-law scaling, indicating self-organization to criticality during development.
Sequencing and de novo assembly of a near complete indica rice genome
Authors: Du Huilong , Yu Ying , Ma Yanfei , Gao Qiang , Cao Yinghao , Chen Zhuo , Ma Bin , Qi Ming , Li Yan , Zhao Xianfeng , Wang Jing , Liu Kunfan , Qin Peng , Yang Xin , Zhu Lihuang , Li Shigui , Liang Chengzhi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA high-quality reference genome is critical for understanding genome structure, genetic variation and evolution of an organism. Here we report the de novo assembly of an indica rice genome Shuhui498 (R498) through the integration of single-molecule sequencing and mapping data, genetic map and fosmid sequence tags. The 390.3 Mb assembly is estimated to cover more than 99% of the R498 genome and is more continuous than the current reference genomes of japonica rice Nipponbare (MSU7) and Arabidopsis thaliana (TAIR10). We annotate high-quality protein-coding genes in R498 and identify genetic variations between R498 and Nipponbare and presence/absence variations by comparing them to 17 draft genomes in cultivated rice and its closest wild relatives. Our results demonstrate how to de novo assemble a highly contiguous and near-complete plant genome through an integrative strategy. The R498 genome will serve as a reference for the discovery of genes and structural variations in rice.
Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response
Authors: Moreno-Villanueva María , Wong Michael , Lu Tao , Zhang Ye , Wu Honglu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn space, multiple unique environmental factors, particularly microgravity and space radiation, pose constant threat to the DNA integrity of living organisms. Specifically, space radiation can cause damage to DNA directly, through the interaction of charged particles with the DNA molecules themselves, or indirectly through the production of free radicals. Although organisms have evolved strategies on Earth to confront such damage, space environmental conditions, especially microgravity, can impact DNA repair resulting in accumulation of severe DNA lesions. Ultimately these lesions, namely double strand breaks, chromosome aberrations, micronucleus formation, or mutations, can increase the risk for adverse health effects, such as cancer. How spaceflight factors affect DNA damage and the DNA damage response has been investigated since the early days of the human space program. Over the years, these experiments have been conducted either in space or using ground-based analogs. This review summarizes the evidence for DNA damage induction by space radiation and/or microgravity as well as spaceflight-related impacts on the DNA damage response. The review also discusses the conflicting results from studies aimed at addressing the question of potential synergies between microgravity and radiation with regard to DNA damage and cellular repair processes. We conclude that further experiments need to be performed in the true space environment in order to address this critical question.
DV21 decreases excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons and acts in epilepsy
Authors: Xu Min , Sun Peng , Zhang Ying , Yang Ci-Hang , Wei Xin , Ma Xiao-Xia , Yang Chong-Ren , Ni Kun-Ming , Zhang Ying-Jun , Li Xiao-Ming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is the most common treatment. Although there are more than 15 AEDs available, a third of epilepsy patients remain refractory to available drugs, so novel effective drugs are needed. Here, we found that DV21, which is a natural triterpenoid compound extracted from plants of the Asclepiadaceae family, significantly decreased the incidence and stages of seizures in three classical drug-induced acute seizure models in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we also found that the antiepileptic effect of DV21 might be partly mediated through reducing the excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons by increasing M current, which are low-threshold non-inactivating voltage-gated potassium currents. Moreover, the application of XE991, an inhibitor of M current, could block most the antiepileptic effect of DV21. Taken together, our results indicated that DV21 might be a novel leading compound for the treatment of epilepsy.
Extracellular Vesicles Carry HIV Env and Facilitate Hiv Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Arakelyan Anush , Fitzgerald Wendy , Zicari Sonia , Vanpouille Christophe , Margolis Leonid 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCells productively infected with HIV-1 release virions along with extracellular vesicles (EVs) whose biogenesis, size, and physical properties resemble those of retroviruses. Here, we found that a significant number of EVs (exosomes) released by HIV-1 infected cells carry gp120 (Env), a viral protein that mediates virus attachment and fusion to target cells, and also facilitates HIV infection in various indirect ways. Depletion of viral preparations of EVs, in particular of those that carry gp120, decreases viral infection of human lymphoid tissue ex vivo. Thus, EVs that carry Env identified in our work seem to facilitate HIV infection and therefore may constitute a new therapeutic target for antiviral strategy.
Serum Metabolomic Profiles for Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Grading and Staging by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hadi Naila Irum , Jamal Qamar , Iqbal Ayesha , Shaikh Fouzia , Somroo Saleem , Musharraf Syed Ghulam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDetection of metabolic signature for breast cancer (BC) has the potential to improve patient prognosis. This study identified potentially significant metabolites differentiating between breast cancer patients and healthy controls to help in diagnosis, grading, staging and determination of neoadjuvant status. Serum was collected from 152 pre-operative breast cancer (BC) patients and 155 healthy controls in this case-controlled study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to obtain metabolic profiles followed by chemometric analysis with the identification of significantly differentiated metabolites including 7 for diagnosis, 18 for grading, 23 for staging, 15 for stage III subcategory and 10 for neoadjuvant status (p-value < 0.05). Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model revealed a distinct separation between healthy controls and BC patients with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% on external validation. Models for grading, staging and neoadjuvant status were built with Decision Tree Algorithm with predictive accuracy of 71.5%, 71.3% and 79.8% respectively. Pathway analysis revealed increased glycolysis, lipogenesis, and production of volatile organic metabolites indicating the metabolic alterations in breast cancer.
Presence of heterocyclic amine carcinogens in home-cooked and fast-food camel meat burgers commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rizwan Khan Mohammad , Naushad Mu , Abdullah Alothman Zeid 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHeterocyclic amines (HCAs) are formed by cooking protein-rich foods, for instance, meat and fish, and are listed as possible human carcinogens. In the present study, the presence of five potential HCAs (IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP) in cooked camel meat burgers was analyzed for the first time. The analysis was performed in home-cooked and fast-food burger samples containing food additives. The applied cooking technique for the home-cooked samples was pan frying for a controlled cooking time and temperature. In the control cooked meat samples (samples that contained no food additives), the concentrations of MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP ranged from 2.47 ng/g to 4.89 ng/g, whereas IQ and MeIQ were found to be below the limit of quantification. The concentrations contents of MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and PhIP in the home-cooked and fast-food samples ranged from 1.52 ng/g to 2.13 ng/g and 1.85 ng/g to 3.46 ng/g, respectively. IQ and MeIQ were not detected in either type of sample. In comparison to the control samples, the home-cooked and fast-food samples produced lower levels of HCAs. Such observations could result from the existence of antioxidants in incorporated food additives, which induce pro-oxidative effects with the successive formation and/or scavenging of free radicals.
One versus Two Venous Anastomoses in Microvascular Upper Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Heine-Geldern Albrecht , Ninkovic Milomir , Broer P. , Ehrl Denis , Heidekrueger Paul 
Published: May 2017

Background Free tissue transfers are routinely performed for reconstruction of the upper limb. Main complication in free flap surgery still stems from vascular compromise and many technical controversies exist regarding the technical details of how to perform the microvascular anastomosis. This study evaluates outcomes regarding the execution of one versus two venous anastomoses for upper limb reconstruction.
Methods In this study, 79 patients underwent 86 free anterolateral thigh (ALT) or groin flaps for upper limb reconstruction after trauma, infection, or malignancies. The data were retrospectively screened for patients' demographics, perioperative details, flap survival, and surgical complications. The cases were divided into two groups regarding the number of performed venous anastomoses: one versus two veins.
Results No significant differences existed between the two groups regarding preoperative comorbidities (ALT: 16 one, 21 two veins; groin: 16 one, 33 two veins). Overall, there was no significant difference regarding the rate of major (1 vein: 18.8% vs. 2 veins: 20.4%; p > 0.05) and minor (1 vein: 3.1% vs. 2 veins: 3.7%; p > 0.05) surgical complications during the 3-month follow-up period. Major complications included total flap losses of 9.4% (1 vein) versus 7.4% (2 veins) (p > 0.05).
Conclusion This study analyzed a series of microsurgical reconstructions with a focus on the impact of the number of performed venous anastomoses. The findings suggest that successful free tissue transfer for upper limb reconstruction can be achieved independent of the number of venous anastomoses. However, to promote additional safety, a second vein should be performed whenever technically possible.
Nutzenanalyse onkologischer Zentrenbildung im Bereich der Behandlung des kolorektalen Karzinoms
Authors: Weinhold Ines , Keck Tobias , Merseburger Axel , Rody Achim , Wollenberg Barbara , Wende Danny , Häckl Dennis , Elsner Christian 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In der Behandlung des kolorektalen Karzinoms gibt es, wie bei anderen onkologischen Entitäten, den Trend einer zunehmenden Etablierung spezialisierter und zertifizierter Krebszentren. Ein Kernelement der Behandlung stellen multidisziplinäre Tumorboards dar. Eine Quantifizierung potenzieller Nutzeneffekte dieses Trends scheint vor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmend geführten Kosten-Nutzen-Diskussion wichtig und angebracht. In dieser Studie wird daher untersucht, inwiefern durch die Etablierung einer multidisziplinären Betrachtung in einem Krebszentrum das Überleben von Patienten mit der Diagnose des kolorektalen Karzinoms gesteigert werden kann. Auf dieser Grundlage werden anschließend in einem Markov-Modell epidemiologische Auswirkungen simuliert, und es wird geschätzt, welcher Nutzen unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen demografischen Entwicklung, regional und im Zeitverlauf erwartet werden kann.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturanalyse zu potenziellen Überlebenseffekten in Verbindung mit einer multidisziplinären Behandlung in onkologischen Zentren im Bereich des kolorektalen Karzinoms. Nach dem PRISMA-Schema wurden aus 602 Artikeln schrittweise durch Titel-, Abstract- und Volltext-Review 10 relevante Publikationen identifiziert und in einer Metaanalyse zusammengefasst. Regionale Nutzenwirkungen, in Form gewonnener Lebensjahre, wurden am Beispiel der im Jahr 2012 (Kiel) und 2013 (Lübeck) etablierten Darmkrebszentren am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein bis zum Jahr 2020 prognostiziert. Dafür wurde eine Simulation erwarteter Veränderungen der bis 2020 extrapolierten Inzidenz-, Mortalitäts- und Prävalenzraten in einem Markov-Modell anhand der detaillierten Bevölkerungsdaten Schleswig-Holsteins erstellt.
Ergebnisse Die Metaanalyse ergab, dass eine multidisziplinäre Fallbehandlung in Krebszenten mit einer Mortalitätsreduktion um 4,5 % assoziiert ist. Dabei profitieren insbesondere Patienten in fortgeschritteneren Krankheitsstadien. Gemäß den getroffenen Annahmen in der Simulation können durch eine multidisziplinäre Behandlung in Darmkrebszentren kumulativ 106 Lebensjahre bis 2020 in Schleswig-Holstein gewonnen werden.
Schlussfolgerung Zentrenbildung im onkologischen Bereich ist mit positiven Outcomes für Patienten verbunden. Die Literaturlage zeigt, dass weiterer Studienbedarf besteht, um weitere Auswirkungen der Zentrenbildung in der Therapie des kolorektalen Karzinoms zu untersuchen. Die Krebsregister stellen hierfür die wesentliche Grundlage dar. Auf Basis der prognostizierten epidemiologischen Entwicklung können künftige Anforderungen an die Versorgung abgeleitet werden.