bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building al-Būnī’s Legend
Authors: Coulon Jean-Charles 
Published: May 2016

From the fourteenth century onward, the figure of al-Būnī (d. 622/1225) became the greatest authority in the science of letters (or sīmiyāʾ). His life was not well known in the Middle Ages but some hagiographical notices concerning him circulated. The purpose of this article is to establish ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī’s (d. 858/1454) part in the process of building al-Būnī’s legend. Indeed, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī’s renowned Shams al-āfāq fī ʿilm al-ḥurūf wa-l-awfāq (The Sun of the Horizons: The Science of Letters and Magic Squares) established al-Būnī the premier authority in the science of letters. Although the Shams al-āfāq clearly aimed to position the science of letters in a mythical background (with biblical references, for example), it also portrayed the Sufi environment in which al-Būnī was thought to live. The biographical notices in which al-Būnī is quoted can help us to understand how al-Bisṭāmī wrote an apparently self-consistent picture of the emergence and transmission of the science of letters. Moreover, some mystical pedigrees in the Shams al-āfāq indicate that this treatise must be one of the sources of the later Shams al-maʿārif al-kubrā since they are almost identical in both texts. Thus, the Shams al-āfāq was an important stage in the diffusion of the image of the figure of al-Būnī and the works attributed to him.
La figure d’al-Būnī (m. 622/1225) devint la plus importante autorité dans la science des lettres (ou sīmiyāʾ) à partir du xive siècle. Sa vie n’était pas très bien connue au Moyen Âge mais des notices hagiographiques circulaient. Le but de cet article est de mettre en évidence le rôle de ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī (m. 859/1454) dans la formation de la légende entourant al-Būnī. En effet, son célèbre Shams al-āfāq fī ʿilm al-ḥurūf wa-l-awfāq (Le soleil des horizons: la science des lettres et des carrés magiques) fit d’al-Būnī une autorité majeure dans la science des lettres. Bien que ce travail a clairement pour but de resituer la science des lettres dans un contexte pseudo-historique légendaire (avec des références bibliques par exemple), il décrit également le milieu soufi dans lequel al-Būnī était réputé avoir vécu. Les notices biographiques dans lesquelles al-Būnī est mentionné peuvent nous aider à comprendre comment al-Bisṭāmī écrivit un panorama de l’émergence et de la transmission de la science des lettres cohérent en apparence. En outre, quelques chaînes de transmission du Shams al-āfāq indiquent que ce traité fut une des sources du Shams al-maʿārif al-kubrā. Ainsi, le Shams al-āfāq fut une étape importante dans la diffusion de la figure d’al-Būnī et des ouvrages qui lui furent attribués.
This article is in French.
The Return to Ethiopia of the Twelve Tribes of Israel
Authors: Bonacci Giulia 
Published: May 2016

Twenty-eight years ago, F.J. van Dijk published in the New West Indian Guide what remained for a long time the only scholarly paper on the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Undoubtedly the largest Rastafari organization both in terms of membership and international expansion, the Twelve Tribes of Israel remains little known in public and academic circles. This article fills two major but closely related gaps in Van Dijk’s seminal article. The first is information on the formation and history of the Twelve Tribes, and the second is how the organization mobilized the return of members to Africa, a cornerstone of Rastafari belief. This article argues that the issue of return to the continent determined the very genesis of the organization and subsequently the development of its eighteen international branches. In its turn, this focus on return to Africa offers another perspective on the internal dynamics of the Rastafari movement, namely the structuring role of Rastafari organizations, a role which challenges the common image of Rastafari as an “acephalous” movement. Exploring the tangible relationship of Rastafari with Ethiopia, through the return to Ethiopia of members of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, offers new insight into the history of the Rastafari movement.
Sustainable Sizing
Authors: Robinette Kathleen M. , Veitch Daisy 
Published: May 2016

Objective: To provide a review of sustainable sizing practices that reduce waste, increase sales, and simultaneously produce safer, better fitting, accommodating products. Background: Sustainable sizing involves a set of methods good for both the environment (sustainable environment) and business (sustainable business). Sustainable sizing methods reduce (1) materials used, (2) the number of sizes or adjustments, and (3) the amount of product unsold or marked down for sale. This reduces waste and cost. The methods can also increase sales by fitting more people in the target market and produce happier, loyal customers with better fitting products. This is a mini-review of methods that result in more sustainable sizing practices. It also reviews and contrasts current statistical and modeling practices that lead to poor fit and sizing. Fit-mapping and the use of cases are two excellent methods suited for creating sustainable sizing, when real people (vs. virtual people) are used. These methods are described and reviewed. Evidence presented supports the view that virtual fitting with simulated people and products is not yet effective. Conclusions: Fit-mapping and cases with real people and actual products result in good design and products that are fit for person, fit for purpose, with good accommodation and comfortable, optimized sizing. While virtual models have been shown to be ineffective for predicting or representing fit, there is an opportunity to improve them by adding fit-mapping data to the models. This will require saving fit data, product data, anthropometry, and demographics in a standardized manner. For this success to extend to the wider design community, the development of a standardized method of data collection for fit-mapping with a globally shared fit-map database is needed. It will enable the world community to build knowledge of fit and accommodation and generate effective virtual fitting for the future. Application: A standardized method of data collection that tests products’ fit methodically and quantitatively will increase our predictive power to determine fit and accommodation, thereby facilitating improved, effective design. These methods apply to all products people wear, use, or occupy.
Novel mutations in RASGRP2, which encodes CalDAG-GEFI, abrogate Rap1 activation, causing platelet dysfunction
Authors: Lozano María Luisa , Cook Aaron , Bastida José María , Paul David S. , Iruin Gemma , Cid Ana Rosa , Adan-Pedroso Rosa , Ramón González-Porras José , Hernández-Rivas Jesús María , Fletcher Sarah J. , Johnson Ben , Morgan Neil , Ferrer-Marin Francisca , Vicente Vicente , Sondek John , Watson Steve P. , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Rivera José 
Published: May 2016

Key Points
New function-disrupting mutations in CalDAG-GEFI, p.S381F and p.R113X, were identified in 2 unrelated families of distinct ethnic origin. Homozygous carriers of these mutations displayed relevant bleeding diathesis and moderate impairment and/or delay in platelet aggregation.
Modeling human diseases: an education in interactions and interdisciplinary approaches
Authors: Zon Leonard 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Traditionally, most investigators in the biomedical arena exploit one model system in the course of their careers. Occasionally, an investigator will switch models. The selection of a suitable model system is a crucial step in research design. Factors to consider include the accuracy of the model as a reflection of the human disease under investigation, the numbers of animals needed and ease of husbandry, its physiology and developmental biology, and the ability to apply genetics and harness the model for drug discovery. In my lab, we have primarily used the zebrafish but combined it with other animal models and provided a framework for others to consider the application of developmental biology for therapeutic discovery. Our interdisciplinary approach has led to many insights into human diseases and to the advancement of candidate drugs to clinical trials. Here, I draw on my experiences to highlight the importance of combining multiple models, establishing infrastructure and genetic tools, forming collaborations, and interfacing with the medical community for successful translation of basic findings to the clinic.
The Nim1 kinase Gin4 has distinct domains crucial for septin assembly, phospholipid binding and mitotic exit
Authors: Au Yong Jie Ying , Wang Yan-Ming , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In fungi, the Nim1 protein kinases, such as Gin4, are important regulators of multiple cell cycle events, including the G2–M transition, septin assembly, polarized growth and cytokinesis. Compelling evidence has linked some key functions of Gin4 with the large C-terminal non-kinase region which, however, is poorly defined. By systematically dissecting and functionally characterizing the non-kinase region of Gin4 in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, we report the identification of three new domains with distinct functions: a lipid-binding domain (LBD), a septin-binding domain (SBD) and a nucleolus-associating domain (NAD). The LBD and SBD are indispensable for the function of Gin4, and they alone could sufficiently restore septin ring assembly in GIN4-null mutants. The NAD localizes to the periphery of the nucleolus and physically associates with Cdc14, the ultimate effector of the mitotic exit network. Gin4 mutants that lack the NAD are defective in spindle orientation and exit mitosis prematurely. Furthermore, we show that Gin4 is a substrate of Cdc14. These findings provide novel insights into the roles and mechanisms of Nim1 kinases in the regulation of some crucial cell cycle events.
Nails or plates for fracture of the distal femur?
Authors: Hoskins W. , Sheehy R. , Edwards E. R. , Hau R. C. , Bucknill A. , Parsons N. , Griffin X. L. 
Published: May 2016

Aims Fractures of the distal femur are an important cause of morbidity. Their optimal management remains controversial. Contemporary implants include angular-stable anatomical locking plates and locked intramedullary nails (IMNs). We compared the long-term patient-reported functional outcome of fixation of fractures of the distal femur using these two methods of treatment. Patients and Methods A total of 297 patients were retrospectively identified from a State-wide trauma registry in Australia: 195 had been treated with a locking plate and 102 with an IMN. Baseline characteristics of the patients and their fractures were recorded. Health-related quality-of-life, functional and radiographic outcomes were compared using mixed effects regression models at six months and one year. Results There was a clinically relevant and significant difference in quality-of-life at six months in favour of fixation with an IMN (mean difference in EuroQol-5 Dimensions Score (EQ-5D) = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22; p = 0.025). There was weak evidence that this trend continued to one year (mean difference EQ-5D = 0.09; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.19; p = 0.073). There was a significant although very small reduction in angular deformity using an IMN (mean difference -1.02; 95% CI -1.99 to -0.06; p = 0.073). There was no evidence that there was a difference in any other outcomes at any time point. Take home message: IMN may be a superior treatment compared with anatomical locking plates for fractures of the distal femur. These findings are concordant with other data from pilot randomised studies which favour treatment of these fractures with an IMN. This study strongly supports the need for a definitive randomised trial. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:846–50.
Missed cervical spine injuries
Authors: Craxford S. , Bayley E. , Walsh M. , Clamp J. , Boszczyk B. M. , Stokes O. M. 
Published: May 2016

Aim Identifying cervical spine injuries in confused or comatose patients with multiple injuries provides a diagnostic challenge. Our aim was to investigate the protocols which are used for the clearance of the cervical spine in these patients in English hospitals. Patients and Methods All hospitals in England with an Emergency Department were asked about the protocols which they use for assessing the cervical spine. All 22 Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) and 141 of 156 non-MTCs responded (response rate 91.5%). Results Written guidelines were used in 138 hospitals (85%). CT scanning was the first-line investigation in 122 (75%). A normal CT scan was sufficient to clear the cervical spine in 73 (45%). However, 40 (25%) would continue precautions until the patient regained full consciousness. MRI was performed in all confused or comatose patients with a possible cervical spinal injury in 15 (9%). There were variations in the grade and speciality of the clinician who had responsibility for deciding when to discontinue precautions. A total of 31 (19%) reported at least one missed cervical spinal injury following discontinuation of spinal precautions within the last five years. Only 93 (57%) had a formal mechanism for reviewing missed injuries. Take home message: There are significant variations in protocols and practices for the clearance of the cervical spine in multiply injured patients in acute hospitals in England. The establishment of trauma networks should be taken as an opportunity to further standardise trauma care. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:825–8.
A influência do Programa Bolsa Família nas práticas alimentares das famílias do Território do Marajó, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Elcio Costa do , Cruz Benedito Ely Valente da , Calvi Miqueias Freitas , Carvalho João Paulo Leão de , Reis Cristiano Cardoso dos , Gomes Dérick Lima 
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho demonstra a influência do Programa Bolsa Família nos hábitos alimentares das famílias do território do Marajó, PA. Programas de transferência de renda têm se constituído como ferramenta efetiva no acesso à educação, à saúde e na garantia da segurança alimentar em países Latino-Americanos e do Caribe. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa e os procedimentos da entrevista semiestruturada, buscou-se informações que permitissem analisar a influência do Programa Bolsa Família nas práticas e nos hábitos alimentares das famílias marajoaras. Observou-se que o benefício tem impacto positivo no acesso a uma melhor alimentação, com maior variedade, tanto em quantidade quanto em qualidade e na elevação do padrão de vida dos entrevistados. Porém, o benefício teve pouca relevância no consumo de verduras e hortaliças, indicando a necessidade de atividades educativas juntos aos beneficiários, sobre a importância de dietas mais variadas e ricas em nutrientes provenientes de produtos naturais como frutas, verduras e vegetais, tornando as famílias agentes diretos nas ações de combate à insegurança alimentar no Território do Marajó.
Performances of PID and Different Fuzzy Methods
for Controlling a Ball on Beam
Authors: Minh Vu Trieu , Mart Tamre , Moezzi Reza , Oliver Mets , Martin Jurise , Ahti Polder , Leo Teder , Mart Juurma 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper develops and analyses the performances
evaluation of different control strategies applied
for a nonlinear motion of a ball on a beam system. Comparison
results provide in-depth comprehension on the stable
ability of different controllers for this real mechanical
application. The three different controllers are a conventional
PID method, a Mamdani-type fuzzy rule method
and a Sugeno-type fuzzy rule method. In this study, the
PID shows the fastest sinuous reference tracking while the
Mamdani-type fuzzy method proves the highest stability
performance for tracking square wave motions.
The slice spectral sequence for the C4$C_{4}$ analog of real K-theory
Authors: Hill Michael A. , Hopkins Michael J. , Ravenel Douglas C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We describe the slice spectral sequence
of a 32-periodic

C
4

$C_{4}$

-spectrum

K

[
2
]

$K_{[2]}$

related to the

C
4

$C_{4}$

norm

MU

(

(

C
4

)

)

=

N

C
2

C
4

⁢

MU
ℝ

${\mathrm{MU}^{((C_{4}))}=N_{C_{2}}^{C_{4}}\mathrm{MU}_{\mathbb{R}}}$

of the real cobordism spectrum

MU
ℝ

$\mathrm{MU}_{\mathbb{R}}$

. We will give
it as a spectral sequence of Mackey functors converging to the graded Mackey
functor

π
¯

*

⁢

K

[
2
]

$\underline{\pi}_{*}K_{[2]}$

, complete with differentials and exotic
extensions in the Mackey functor structure.
The slice spectral sequence for the 8-periodic real K-theory
spectrum

K
ℝ

$K_{\mathbb{R}}$

was first analyzed by Dugger. The

C
8

$C_{8}$

analog of

K

[
2
]

$K_{[2]}$

is 256-periodic and detects the Kervaire invariant
classes

θ
j

$\theta_{j}$

. A partial analysis of its slice spectral
sequence led to the solution to the Kervaire invariant problem, namely
the theorem that

θ
j

$\theta_{j}$

does not exist for

j
≥
7

${j\geq 7}$

.
Marie Curie und ihr Laboratoire: Frauenförderung avant la lettre?
Authors: Schürmann Astrid 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hat Marie Curie Frauenforderung avant la lettre betrieben? Entscheidend scheint mir zu sein, dass sie Frauen die Möglichkeit geboten hat, wissenschaftlich zu arbeiten, sei es durch ein Stipendium finanziell abgesichert oder als travailleur libre. Sie hat ihnen ihr Labor geöffnet, einen Arbeitsplatz zur Verfügung gestellt, ihnen neue Forschungsmethoden vermittelt und sie mit seltenen, teilweise sehr wertvollen radioaktiven Präparaten experimentieren lassen. Frauen konnten bei ihr eine Promotion anfertigen oder sich über die Kenntnis neuer Verfahren weiterqualifizieren. Da viele von ihnen Ausländerinnen waren, hat sie auf diesem Weg einen großen Beitrag zur Internationalisierung des Faches geleistet, hat Frauen wie Gleditsch den Aufbau einer radioaktiven Forschung in ihren Heimatländern geebnet. Sie hat so auch zu einem Netzwerk beigetragen, durch das Frauen sich gegenseitig unterstützen konnten. Sie hat ihnen die Erfahrungen eines Auslandsaufenthaltes, das Gespräch mit erfahrenen französischen Kollegen geboten. Und sie hat ihnen, nicht zuletzt, einen Aufenthalt in Paris geschenkt!
Dies scheint mir um so bemerkenswerter, als sie selbst als weithin sichtbare Frau in einer von Männern dominierten Wissenschaft sich in einer äußerst schwierigen Situation befand. Sie mußte vor allem um ihre eigene Reputation kämpfen, Kollegen und Studenten finden, die ihr die notwendige wissenschaftliche Unterstützung geben und den Ausbau ihres Labors fordern konnten. Sie hat ihren Erfolg gegen Anfeindungen, üble Nachreden und Verleumdungen verteidigt, internationale Kontakte ausgebaut und gepflegt und Frauen dadurch ein attraktives Rollenvorbild vermittelt. Aber erst seit sie im Ersten Weltkrieg die französische Armee mit den von ihr eingerichteten fahrbaren radiologischen Untersuchungswagen, den petits Curies, unterstützt hatte, wurde sie allmählich zu einer Ikone der französischen Wissenschaft, die heute in Umfragen unter den ersten Nennungen »Großer Franzosen« gleich hinter De Gaulle und Napoléon rangiert. 1996 wurde sie von »dem dankbaren Vaterland« in den patriotischen Olymp eingebürgert, als man sie in Anwesenheit des französischen Staatspräsidenten François Mitterand und seines polnischen Kollegen Lech Walesa zusammen mit ihrem Mann Pierre in das Panthéon umbettete. Curie ist bis heute die einzige Frau, die dort wegen ihrer Verdienste liegt.
Effect of fungal competition on decay rates in bicultured soil bottle assays
Authors: Kirker Grant T. , Bishell A.B. , Lebow Patricia K. , Clausen Carol A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
For decades, wood scientists and preservative formulators have employed the monocultured soil bottle assay to test efficacy of wood treatment in the laboratory as a rapid predictor of field performance. This study examines the effects of bicultured soil bottle assays on the decay by common wood decay fungi. Mycelial interactions were noted in early stages of colonization. With only two exceptions, a single fungus was apparent in each soil bottle, indicating dominance. The dominant fungi were not always the most efficient wood rots, and the rot type, white or brown, did not affect the dominance outcome on the preferred wood type.
Theory-practice transfer in health care - by scientific reflection of occupational area to care experts / Theorie-Praxis-Transfer in der Gesundheitsversorgung – durch wissenschaftliche Berufsfeldreflexion zum Versorgungsexperten
Authors: Arens-Fischer Wolfgang , Biedendieck Julia , Braun von Reinersdorff Andrea , Dinkelborg Katrin , Thiele Heike , Wolf Alexander Karsten 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
With the academization of practical health professions universities as well as universities of applied sciences are facing the challenge to qualify nurses and therapists for a field of profession which is not defined yet. Science has to answer the questions about the exact contents and the boundary of academic health professions to other professions, which are established in fields of activities within patient care for a long time. Furthermore, science has to show prospective developments. At this point the need of labour research in academic, practical professions of health care arises.
The concept of this contribution combines the further qualification with labour research in the professional field and aims to design modules of further education, which combine systematically the practical field of work with the contents of the module. The base is a didactical approach of a relation between theoretical and practical parts, known from dual study programs. A reflective oriented case study is the central instrument of the further education in every module. The participants have to use the theoretical contents of the module to reflect their practical field of work with a professional perspective. In doing so the participants become researcher in their own practice and at the same time the further education is used for a scientific reflection of their field of work which generates inputs for the development of the practice.
A Method of Minimizing the Variance of the Horvitz-Thompson Estimator in Selection with Unequal Probabilities without Replacement / Ein Verfahren zur Minimierung der Varianz des Horvitz-Thompson Schätzers bei Auswahl mit unterschiedlichen Wahrscheinlichkeiten ohne Zurücklegen
Authors: Schneeberger Hans 
Published: May 2016

Summary
In this paper the variance of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator is minimized by an iterative method with the help of spline functions. As result an objective rule is given, how many of the units with greatest size must be taken apriori into the sample.