bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration, Health and Inequality in Asia
Authors: Amrith Megha , Amrith Sunil 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTFocusing on health, migration and inequality, this contribution examines the role of citizenship in shaping migrants’ experiences of health. The idea of national citizenship has frequently dominated the framing of debates about whether states or markets should play the dominant role in health. Yet, health inequalities are embedded in transnational flows of people, capital and ideas, which are themselves a product of history. Migration is thus essential to understanding the transnational production and reinforcement, or mitigation, of health inequalities. Adopting a focus on migration in Asia, past and present, this article argues that the health risks and vulnerabilities that migrants face are a result of both state and market failures. Migrants’ exclusion from various forms of care and protection, and their political disenfranchisement, expose a fraught relationship between health and citizenship for those who move within and across borders. At the same time, both historical and contemporary experience demonstrates how migrants might contest these inequalities and allow us to reimagine alternative forms of citizenship. Efforts to ensure the health and well‐being of migrants demonstrate diverse alliances at work, even if such alliances remain limited when confronted with the logic of the nation, borders and security.
Desired response to phototherapy vs photoaggravation in psoriasis: what makes the difference?
Authors: Wolf Peter , Weger Wolfgang , Patra VijayKumar , Gruber‐Wackernagel Alexandra , Byrne Scott N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPsoriasis commonly responds beneficially to UV radiation from natural sunlight or artificial sources. Therapeutic mechanisms include the proapoptotic and immunomodulating effects of UV, affecting many cells and involving a variety of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, downregulating the Th17/IL‐23 response with simultaneous induction of regulatory immune cells. However, exposure to UV radiation in a subset of psoriasis patients leads to exacerbation of the disease. We herein shed light on the predisposing factors of photosensitive psoriasis, including genetics (such as HLA‐Cw*0602 or CARD14), gender and coexisting photodermatoses such as polymorphic light eruption (PLE) in the context of potential molecular mechanisms behind therapeutic photoresponsiveness or photoaggravation. UV‐induced damage/pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, damage to self‐coding RNA (signalling through Toll‐like receptors), certain antimicrobial peptides and/or inflammasome activation may induce innate immunity, leading to psoriasis at the site of UV exposure when there is concomitant, predisposing resistance against UV‐induced suppression of the adaptive immune response (like in PLE) that otherwise would act to reduce psoriasis.
Dimethyl‐ and monomethylfumarate regulate indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity in human immune cells
Authors: Eminel Sevgi , Jin Na , Rostami Martin , Dibbert Stefan , Mrowietz Ulrich , Suhrkamp Ina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFumaric acid esters (FAEs) are used as an oral treatment for psoriasis. Dimethylfumarate (DMF) and its metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF) are regarded as the pharmacologically active moieties. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is the key enzyme for the metabolism of tryptophan. The kynurenine pathway is established as a major regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we investigated the effect of DMF and MMF on IDO activity and expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IDO activity was determined by measuring the concentration of kynurenine in the culture medium using a HPLC technique. IDO and kynureninase protein expressions were analysed by Western blot. Our results demonstrated that DMF and MMF dose‐dependently reduced the levels of L‐kynurenine in PBMCs activated by interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Furthermore, MMF had an inhibitory effect on IDO activity in vitro with an ED50 of 10 μmol/L, a value within the therapeutic concentration range for this molecule. We also observed that IDO and kynureninase expressions were reduced in PBMCs in a dose‐dependent manner by DMF and MMF. The results of our study show that DMF and MMF (in therapeutic concentrations) inhibited IDO and kynureninase activity and expression in a NF‐κB‐dependent manner in PBMCs while also decreasing the level of L‐kynurenine in these cells. As we found that FAEs inhibit both IDO expression and enzymatic activity leading to a modulation of tryptophan degradation, we believe this effect may contribute to the clinical efficacy of this drug in psoriasis by downregulating pro‐inflammatory mediators generated by the kynurenine pathway.
TNF‐α inhibitors reduce the pathological Th1–Th17/Th2 imbalance in cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells of psoriasis patients
Authors: Campanati Anna , Orciani Monia , Lazzarini Raffaella , Ganzetti Giulia , Consales Veronica , Sorgentoni Giulia , Di Primio Roberto , Offidani Annamaria 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPsoriasis is a disease characterized by an imbalance between Th1 and Th17 and Th2 inflammatory axes, in which cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are early involved, as they show a greater relative expression of several genes encoding for Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Therapeutic implications of TNF‐α inhibitors on differentiated skin cells have been largely described in psoriasis; however, their effects on MSCs derived from patients with psoriasis have been only partially described. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of TNF‐α inhibitors on cytokine milieu expressed by MSCs isolated from the skin of patients with psoriasis. Resident MSCs from skin of patients with psoriasis and healthy subjects have been isolated, characterized and profiled by PCR and ELISA for the expression of 22 cytokines involved in Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways, both before and after 12 weeks therapy with TNF‐α inhibitors. The administration of TNF‐α inhibitors for 12‐weeks acts on MSCs as follows: it reduces the expression of several Th1‐Th17 cytokines whose levels are elevated at baseline (IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12, IL‐23A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, CCL2, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL5, IL‐17A, IL‐17C, IL‐17F, IL‐21, G‐CSF). Similarly, it enhances the expression of several Th2 cytokines which are underexpressed at baseline (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5), reducing the expression of those overexpressed at baseline (TGF‐β and IL‐13). TNF‐α inhibitors could contribute to reduce the pathological imbalance between the Th1–Th17 vs Th2 axis in MSCs of patients with psoriasis.
RNA‐based therapies for genodermatoses
Authors: Bornert Olivier , Peking Patricia , Bremer Jeroen , Koller Ulrich , van den Akker Peter C. , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Pasmooij Anna M. G. , Murauer Eva M. , Nyström Alexander 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGenetic disorders affecting the skin, genodermatoses, constitute a large and heterogeneous group of diseases, for which treatment is generally limited to management of symptoms. RNA‐based therapies are emerging as a powerful tool to treat genodermatoses. In this review, we discuss in detail RNA splicing modulation by antisense oligonucleotides and RNA trans‐splicing, transcript replacement and genome editing by in vitro‐transcribed mRNAs, and gene knockdown by small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides. We present the current state of these therapeutic approaches and critically discuss their opportunities, limitations and the challenges that remain to be solved. The aim of this review was to set the stage for the development of new and better therapies to improve the lives of patients and families affected by a genodermatosis.
The tripeptide KdPT ameliorates ongoing psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in murine and human skin
Authors: Mykicki Nadine , Klenner Lars , Baumann Christoph , Auriemma Matteo , Sternemann Carlo , Soeberdt Michael , Elliott Graham R. , Abels Christoph , Luger Thomas A. , Loser Karin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease appearing as scaly erythematous cutaneous lesions, which are characterized by parakeratosis and acanthosis as well as the infiltration of immune cells, such as T helper‐1 and T helper‐17 cells. Here, we demonstrated that KdPT, a tripeptide structurally related to the C‐terminal amino acids of alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, which was previously shown to exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects in intestinal inflammation, ameliorated ongoing disease in the mouse model of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation and in the small xenotransplant mouse model of psoriasis. We could show that systemic KdPT treatment significantly reduced hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in murine as well as human skin. Moreover, KdPT upregulated Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells from mice and from peripheral blood of individuals with psoriasis and decreased the expression of type 1 inflammatory cytokines, indicating that the beneficial effect of KdPT was, at least in part, mediated by the induction of functional regulatory T cells that suppressed the activation of pathogenic CD4+IFN‐γ+ and CD4+IL‐17+ T cells. Thus, these data might suggest KdPT as a potential novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment of psoriasis.
Conservation tillage reduces the negative impact of urbanisation on carabid communities
Authors: Tamburini Giovanni , Pevere Ines , Fornasini Niccolò , De Simone Serena , Sigura Maurizia , Boscutti Francesco , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Urban sprawl has been widely recognised as major cause of biodiversity decline across multiple taxonomic levels. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies investigating the effects of landscape urbanisation and farming practices on arthropod biodiversity in agroecosystems are still scarce.

We explored the combined effect of urbanisation in the landscape and tillage management (conservation vs. conventional tillage) on predatory carabid beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in 10 pairs of winter cereal fields in the agricultural landscape of Udine province (north‐east Italy).

Urbanisation (at 750 m scale) strongly decreased carabid activity density, species richness, functional richness and increased functional divergence. We, however, found an interaction between tillage system and the proportion of urban areas in the landscape, i.e., the negative effects of urbanisation on carabid communities were more evident in the fields managed under conventional tillage, while conservation tillage supported more diverse (both taxonomically and ecologically) and abundant beetle communities also in highly urbanised landscapes. We also found that different functional groups differently responded to tillage management.

The better local habitat quality provided by conservation tillage may mitigate the negative effects of urbanisation on carabid communities. Our study stresses the importance of considering both local management and landscape composition when planning strategies to support farmland biodiversity.
Ten‐year analyses of the German DRG data about negative pressure wound therapy
Authors: von Beckerath Olga , Zapenko Alexander , Dissemond Joachim , Kröger Knut ,   on behalf of the Initiative Chronische Wunden (ICW) e.V.
Published: July 2016

AbstractExact data regarding the clinical role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for wound care in a specific country are not available. Thus, we analysed the use of NPWT in hospitalised patients in Germany.Detailed lists of all hospitalised cases treated with NPWT in Germany for each of the years from 2005 to 2014 were obtained from the Federal Statistical Office, as well as lists of the 15 most frequent principal and additional diagnoses documented with NPWT in 2014.Within the 10‐year time period of the study, the number of cases treated with NPWT increased by 349%, from 37 053 in 2005 to 129 269 in 2014. The rate of all hospitalised cases treated with NPWT increased form 0·22% to 0·66% in Germany.In 2014, wounds affecting skin and subcutaneous tissue (5–916.a0) are the most frequent documented indication for NPWT followed by deep wounds involving bones and joints at the limbs (5–916.a1). Open abdomens (5–916.a3) count for higher numbers than deep wounds of the thorax, mediastinum and sternum (5–916.a2). Fifty percent of all cases hospitalised for stage IV pressure ulcers at sacrum or ischium and around one third (32.2%) of cases with pyothorax received NPWT. Every fourth to fifth case hospitalised for disruption of surgical wounds or infections following a procedure (24·1%), as well as for infections and inflammations because of internal joint prosthesis or because of an internal fixation device was treated with NPWT (22·9%). In cases with diabetic foot syndrome, it is still every tenth case (10·1%).This analysis shows a substantial increase in the use of NPWT in the last decade for hospitalised patients. NPWT has a fixed role in the treatment of stage IV pressure ulcers at sacrum or ischium, pyothorax, infection and inflammation because of internal joint prosthesis or an internal fixation device and diabetic foot syndrome.
Overall Lifelong Fortune: A Critique of the Intrinsic Potential Account
Authors: Smolkin Doran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt seems clear that a fortunate life for a human being is very different from a fortunate life for a dog. But it is not clear what the appropriate measure is for determining whether a life is fortunate or not. Jeff McMahan rejects the Species Norm Account and defends the Intrinsic Potential Account of overall lifelong fortune. In this article, I argue that the Intrinsic Potential Account fails. More specifically, I will argue that it is vulnerable to numerous counterexamples; fails for the same basic reason that McMahan rejects the Species Norm Account; and is insensitive to a consideration that is morally significant.
Realized climatic niches are conserved along maximum temperatures among herpetofaunal invaders
Authors: Liu Xuan , Petitpierre Blaise , Broennimann Olivier , Li Xianping , Guisan Antoine , Li Yiming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe conservatism of the realized climatic niche is a pivotal assumption for predicting invasion risk under present and future climates. To date, however, no studies have identified the particular dimensions of realized climatic niches that are spatially and temporally conserved for a whole taxonomic group on a global scale. Understanding realized niche dynamics along each individual climatic variable separately is a key consideration for improving forecasts of invasive species distributions and anticipating future range expansions.LocationGlobal.MethodsUsing 181 successful invasion events for 128 alien herpetofaunal species across the globe, we applied a robust niche dynamics framework and analysed the conservatism of the realized climatic niche and its influencing factors along 19 temperature and precipitation variables.ResultsWe found that the magnitude of the niche expansion along the maximum temperature of the warmest month (or warmest quarter) was, on average, the lowest compared with the niche expansion magnitude along the minimum, average, range and seasonal temperature characteristics and all precipitation variables. Furthermore, the niche shift along the maximum temperature was only negatively correlated with native range size and was unrelated to residence time, species traits, introduction propagule pressure, topographic heterogeneity or equatorwards and polewards range expansion.Main conclusionsWe provide the first evidence that the realized climatic niche of alien herpetofaunal species is generally most conserved along maximum temperatures. This finding highlights the importance of preferentially choosing conserved climatic niche parameters to develop robust predictions of biological invasions or shifts in species ranges in response to climate change.
Little evidence for Bergmann's rule body size clines in passerines along tropical elevational gradients
Authors: Freeman Benjamin G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo test whether intra‐ and interspecific patterns in body mass along elevational gradients follow Bergmann's rule for a subset of tropical montane passerines.LocationTropical elevational gradients in New Guinea, Borneo, Peru and Costa Rica.MethodsI used linear regressions to assess intraspecific patterns in body mass along elevational gradients in common New Guinean passerines (2697 mist‐netted individuals of 21 species). I then evaluated interspecific patterns using two data sets. First, I investigated differences in body mass in species pairs of elevational replacements, closely related species with minimal overlap along elevational gradients (species pairs; New Guinea: n = 45, Borneo: n = 22, Peru: n = 58 and Costa Rica: n = 30). Second, I used a comparative phylogenetic approach to test whether species’ mid‐point elevations predicted their masses within entire passerine avifaunas found along single elevational gradients (species; New Guinea: n = 184, Peru: n = 529 and Costa Rica: n = 220).ResultsNew Guinean passerines exhibited minimal intraspecific variation in mass along elevational gradients. In two species, lower elevation individuals had significantly larger masses than upper elevation conspecifics. In species pairs of elevational replacements, there was no trend for upper elevation species to have larger masses than lower elevation species. Overall, species pairs tended to have positive mass disparities (mass of upper elevation species/mass of lower elevation species). However, contrary to predictions of Bergmann's rule, mass disparity was unrelated to elevational overlap. When considering entire passerine avifaunas along single elevational gradients, species’ masses were uncorrelated with their mid‐point elevational distributions.Main conclusionsI found little evidence that tropical montane passerines have larger body masses at higher elevations where temperatures are colder. This lack of pattern was consistent across evolutionarily independent avifaunas of different biogeographical regions. These results suggest mean temperature is not a generally important driver of body size evolution in tropical montane passerines.
Genetic variants of nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 associated with the complications in Han descents with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Northeast China
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Sun Jing , Chang Xiaomin , Wang Ji , Luo Manyu , Wintergerst Kupper A. , Miao Lining , Cai Lu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 (NFE2L2) is essential for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)‐induced complications in animal models. This case and control study assessed genetic variants of NFE2L2 for associations with T2DM and its complications in Han Chinese volunteers. T2DM patients with (n = 214) or without (n = 236) complications, or healthy controls (n = 359), were genotyped for six NFE2L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs2364723, rs13001694, rs10497511, rs1806649, rs1962142 and rs6726395) with TaqMan Pre‐Designed SNP Genotyping and Sequence System. Serum levels of heme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1) were determined through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Informative data were obtained for 341 cases and 266 controls. Between T2DM patients and controls, the genotypic and allelic frequencies and haplotypes of the SNPs were similar. However, there was a significant difference in genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs2364723, rs10497511, rs1962142 and rs6726395 between T2DM patients with and without complications, including peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers and microangiopathy. Furthermore, HMOX1 levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients with complications than in controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis, however, showed that only rs2364723 significantly reduced levels of serum HMOX1 in T2DM patients for the GG genotype carriers compared with participants with CG+CC genotype. The data suggest that although NFE2L2 rs2364723, rs10497511, rs1962142 and rs6726395 were not associated with T2DM risk, they were significantly associated with complications of T2DM. In addition, only for rs2364723 higher serum HMOX1 levels were found in the T2DM patients with CG+CC than those with GG genotype.
Long non‐coding RNA Malat1 promotes neurite outgrowth through activation of ERK/MAPK signalling pathway in N2a cells
Authors: Chen Lei , Feng Peimin , Zhu Xi , He Shixu , Duan Jialan , Zhou Dong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are playing critical roles in neurogenesis, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Neurite outgrowth is an early step in neuronal differentiation and regeneration. Using in vitro differentiation of neuroblastoma‐derived Neuro‐2a (N2a) cell as a model, we performed expression profiling to identify lncRNAs putatively relevant for neurite outgrowth. We identified that Metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) was one of the most significantly up‐regulated lncRNAs during N2a cell differentiation. Malat1 knockdown resulted in defects in neurite outgrowth as well as enhanced cell death. To pinpoint signalling pathways perturbed by Malat1 depletion, we then performed a reporter‐based screening to examine the activities of 50 signalling pathways in Malat1 knockdown cells. We found that Malat1 knockdown resulted in conspicuous inhibition of Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway as well as abnormal activation of Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) and P53 signalling pathway. Inhibition of ERK/MAPK pathway with PD98059 potently blocked N2a cell neurite outgrowth, whereas phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐induced ERK activation rescued defects in neurite outgrowth and cell death induced by Malat1 depletion. Together, our results established a critical role of Malat1 in the early step of neuronal differentiation through activating ERK/MAPK signalling pathway.
Oncogenic role of mortalin contributes to ovarian tumorigenesis by activating the MAPK–ERK pathway
Authors: Hu Yingying , Yang Ling , Yang Yujie , Han Yanyan , Wang Yongbo , Liu Wen , Zuo Ji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMortalin is frequently overexpressed in human malignancies. Previous studies have suggested that mortalin contributes to ovarian cancer development and progression, but further investigation is warranted. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of mortalin in ovarian cancer development and progression. In this study, lentivirus‐delivered mortalin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown mortalin expression in A2780 and A2780/cis ovarian cancer cell lines, and lentiviral mortalin‐pLVX‐AcGFP was used to generate mortalin‐overexpressing cell lines. The results demonstrated that decreased mortalin expression reduced ovarian cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, wounding healing assay and Transwell cell invasion assay, respectively. Flow cytometry results suggested that mortalin promotes the G1 transition, leading to faster restoration of a normal cell‐cycle distribution. Cell‐cycle proteins, including C‐myc and Cyclin‐D1, significantly increased, and Cyclin‐B1 remarkably decreased upon mortalin down‐regulation. Western blot analysis showed that mortalin knockdown significantly decreased p‐c‐Raf and phospho‐extracellular–regulated protein kinases (p‐ERK1/2) pathways but not the Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway, whereas mortalin overexpression had the opposite effect. Taken together, these results indicate that mortalin is an oncogenic factor, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐ERK signalling pathway activation by mortalin may contribute to ovarian cancer development and progression.