bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Chiloscyphone, Sesquiterpenoid Isolated from the Liverwort. Absolute Configuration of (‐)‐Chiloscyphone and (+)‐Chiloscypholone.
Authors: TORI M. , HASEBE T. , ASAKAWA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractComparison of the optical rotation of the terpene (‐)‐(XIV) with that of natural chiloscyphone shows that both compounds are identical.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonamidoglycosylation of Glycals. A Route to Oligosaccharides with 2‐Aminohexose Subunits.
Authors: GRIFFITH D. A. , DANISHEFSKY S. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSulfonamidohexoses, e.g. (III), react with sugar derivatives such as (IV) via a sulfonylaziridine intermediate to give the corresponding β‐linke disaccharides, e.g. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrone Cycloadditions: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Andrachamine.
Authors: CARRUTHERS W. , COGGINS P. , WESTON J. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe usefulness of the cycloaddition of alkenes to tetrahydropyridine oxides for the preparation of trans‐dialkylpiperidines is confirmed by a stereoselective synthesis of (±)‐andrachamine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: C‐H Insertion Method for the Chiral Tertiary Alcohol: Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Frontalin.
Authors: OHIRA S. , ISHI S. , SHINOHARA K. , NOZAKI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe chiral glyceraldehyde acetal (I) is olefinated and then hydrogenated to form the ketone (III).
Physical–Chemical Properties of the Chiral Fungicide Fenamidone and Strategies for Enantioselective Crystallization
Authors: Kort Anne‐Kathleen , Lorenz Heike , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermodynamic and kinetic parameters are of prime importance for designing crystallization processes. In this article, Preferential Crystallization, as a special approach to carry out enantioselective crystallization, is described to resolve the enantiomers of the chiral fungicide fenamidone. In preliminary investigations the melting behavior and solid–liquid equilibria in the presence of solvents were quantified. The analyses revealed a stable solid phase behavior of fenamidone in the applied solvents. Based on the results obtained, a two–step crystallization route was designed and realized capable of providing highly pure enantiomers. An initial Preferential Crystallization of the racemate was performed prior to crystallizing the target enantiomer preferentially out of the enriched mother liquor. Chirality 28:514–520, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catchment response to lava damming: integrating field observation, geochronology and landscape evolution modelling
Authors: van Gorp Wouter , Schoorl Jeroen M. , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Reimann Tony , Wijbrans Jan R. , Maddy Darrel , Demir Tuncer , Veldkamp Tom 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCombining field reconstruction and landscape evolution modelling can be useful to investigate the relative role of different drivers on catchment response. The Geren Catchment (~45 km2) in western Turkey is suitable for such a study, as it has been influenced by uplift, climate change and lava damming. Four Middle Pleistocene lava flows (40Ar/39Ar‐ dated from 310 to 175 ka) filled and dammed the Gediz River at the Gediz–Geren confluence, resulting in base‐level fluctuations of the otherwise uplift‐driven incising river. Field reconstruction and luminescence dating suggest fluvial terraces in the Geren Catchment are capped by Middle Pleistocene aggradational fills. This showed that incision of the Geren trunk stream has been delayed until the end of MIS 5. Subsequently, the catchment has responded to base‐level lowering since MIS 4 by 30 m of stepped net incision. Field reconstruction left us with uncertainty on the main drivers of terrace formation. Therefore, we used landscape evolution modelling to investigate catchment response to three scenarios of base‐level change: (i) uplift with climate change (rainfall and vegetation based on arboreal pollen); (ii) uplift, climate change and short‐lived damming events; (iii) uplift, climate and long‐lived damming events. Outputs were evaluated for erosion–aggradation evolution in trunk streams at two different distances from the catchment outlet. Climate influences erosion–aggradation activity in the catchment, although internal feedbacks influence timing and magnitude. Furthermore, lava damming events partly control if and where these climate‐driven aggradations occur. Damming thus leaves a legacy on current landscape evolution. Catchment response to long‐duration damming events corresponds best with field reconstruction and dating. The combination of climate and base level explains a significant part of the landscape evolution history of the Geren Catchment. By combining model results with fieldwork, additional conclusions on landscape evolution could be drawn. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demand‐aware resource allocation for ultra‐dense small cell networks: an interference‐separation clustering‐based solution
Authors: Qiu Junfei , Wu Qihui , Xu Yuhua , Sun Youming , Wu Ducheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel clustering‐based resource allocation framework for downlink transmission in ultra‐dense small cell networks. Specifically, we first model a combinatorial optimisation problem that jointly considers subchannel and power allocation and user traffic demand in terms of a large‐scale network scenario. Unfortunately, the huge communication overhead and computational complexity make it challenging for traditional centralised/distributed solutions. To address this issue, we propose an interference‐separation clustering‐based scheme to divide the massive small cells into smaller groups with different priorities, which reduces the network scale. Different from the existing cluster construction scheme, the proposed clustering method effectively avoids the inter‐cluster interference through coordination. Then, for a given cluster configuration, we formulate the distributed resource allocation problem as a local interaction game where the utility of each player comprises not only its own profits but also the interests of neighbours. We prove the existence of Nash equilibrium for the formulated game and design a hierarchical learning algorithm to achieve the Nash equilibrium, which only needs local information exchange. Finally, simulation results validate that the proposed solution outperforms some other existing approaches and is more suitable for large‐scale networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nomogram prediction for survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bobdey Saurabh , Balasubramaniam Ganesh , Mishra Prabhashankar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundNomograms are visual predictive tools that are widely used for estimating cancer prognosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a prognostic tool that will accurately predict overall survival (OS) in individual patients with oral cancer.MethodsMedical records of 609 patients with cancer of the oral cavity were retrospectively analyzed. The stepdown method was used to select the statistically most influential predictors for inclusion in the final nomogram for predicting OS.ResultsThe most influential predictors of mortality probability were age, comorbidities, clinical lymph node status, stage of disease, tumor thickness, differentiation, and perineural invasion. Nomogram was developed for prediction of 5‐year OS.ConclusionNomogram has been widely used in a number of cancers, but its application in oral cancer prognostication has not been explored. In this study, we have developed a nomogram that can accurately estimate 5‐year OS in patients with oral cavity cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1826–1831, 2016
Curriculum Matters: The Common Core, Authors of Color, and Inclusion for Inclusion's Sake
Authors: Berchini Christina 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, the author employs a critical analysis of a short story with cross‐cultural themes to illustrate how it is framed in a widely used textbook aligned with the Common Core State Standards. The author shows how the inclusion of literature by authors of color in any curriculum does not necessitate that the needs of racially, culturally, and ethnically diverse student populations are being met in meaningful ways. The author concludes this article with implications and suggestions for instructional practice which center on identifying the counter‐stories that might be hidden beneath a diluted treatment of important contributions to children's literacy engagements made by authors of color. In short, the author argues that how students and teachers are served by corporatized recommendations for literacy engagement is an issue worthy of sustained and critical attention.
Mechanoresponsiveness of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro chondrogenesis—A comparative study with growth factor induction
Authors: Remya N. S. , Nair Prabha D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFetal‐derived mesenchymal stem cells especially human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), with their ease of availability, pluripotency, and high expansion potential have emerged as an alternative solution for stem cell based cartilage therapies. An attempt to elucidate the effect of dynamic mechanical compression in modulating the chondrogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs is done in this study to add on to the knowledge of optimizing chondrogenic signals necessary for the effective differentiation of these stem cells and subsequent integration to the surrounding tissues. hUCMSCs were seeded in porous poly (vinyl alcohol)‐poly (caprolactone) (PVA‐PCL) scaffolds and cultured in chondrogenic medium with/without TGF‐β3 and were subjected to a dynamic compression of 10% strain, 1 Hz for 1/4 h for 7 days. The results on various analysis shows that the extent of dynamic compression is an important factor affecting cell viability. Mechanical stimulation in the form of dynamic compression stimulates expression of chondrogenic genes even in the absence of chondrogenic growth factors and also augments growth factor induced chondrogenic potential of hUCMSC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2554–2566, 2016.
The Effect of Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Level of P‐Selectin and hs‐CRP in Patients With Thromboembolism: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hejazi Mohammad Esmaeil , Modarresi‐Ghazani Faezeh , Hamishehkar Hadi , Mesgari‐Abbasi Mehran , Dousti Samaneh , Entezari‐Maleki Taher 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite the known role of vitamin D deficiency in development of thrombosis, no studies have evaluated the impact of treating of vitamin D deficiency on the markers of thrombosis. A pilot randomized clinical trial was done on 40 vitamin D–deficient patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The intervention group received an oral dose of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 every week for 8 weeks, followed by 1 pearl every 2 weeks for 4 weeks (a total of 3 months), while the control group did not receive vitamin D. Then, P‐selectin and hs‐CRP were measured at baseline and 1 and 3 months after the intervention. There was no significant decrease in hs‐CRP in either group after 1 month (P = .955) or after 3 months (P = .525). Likewise, there was no significant decrease in P‐selectin between the 2 groups after 1 month (P = .921) or 3 months (P = .795). The results indicated that treatment of vitamin D deficiency had no significant effect on hs‐CRP or P‐selectin after 3 months among DVT/PE patients. However, treatment of vitamin D deficiency in these patients resulted in the control of the international normalized ratio (INR) with the lower doses of warfarin. This observation is the first clinical report of enhancement of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by the supplementing of vitamin D. Larger trials are needed to clearly show the effect of treating of vitamin D deficiency on thrombosis.
Decreased Morphine Clearance in Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Hypothermia
Authors: Frymoyer Adam , Bonifacio Sonia L. , Drover David R. , Su Felice , Wustoff Courtney J. , Van Meurs Krisa P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMorphine is commonly used in neonates with hypothermic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during therapeutic hypothermia to provide comfort and analgesia. However, pharmacokinetic data to support morphine dosing in this vulnerable population are lacking. A prospective, 2‐center clinical pharmacokinetic study of morphine was conducted in 20 neonates (birthweight, 1.82–5.3 kg) with HIE receiving hypothermia. Morphine dosing was per standard of care at each center. Morphine and glucuronide metabolites (morphine‐3‐glucuronide and morphine‐6‐gluronide) were measured via a validated dried blood spot liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay. From the available concentration data (n = 106 for morphine; n = 106 for each metabolite), a population pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. The clearance of morphine and glucuronide metabolites was best predicted by birthweight allometrically scaled using an exponent of 1.23. In addition, the clearance of each glucuronide metabolite was influenced by serum creatinine. No other significant predictors of clearance or volume of distribution were found. For a 3.5‐kg neonate, morphine clearance was 0.77 L/h (CV, 48%), and the steady‐state volume of distribution was 8.0 L (CV, 49%). Compared with previous studies in full‐term newborns without HIE, morphine clearance was markedly lower. Dosing strategies customized for this vulnerable population will be needed. Applying the final population pharmacokinetic model, repeated Monte Carlo simulations (n = 1000 per simulation) were performed to evaluate various morphine dosing strategies that optimized achievement of morphine concentrations between 10 and 40 ng/mL. An optimized morphine loading dose of 50 μg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 5 μg/kg/h was predicted across birthweights.
Toroidal graphs containing neither nor 6‐cycles are 4‐choosable
Authors: Choi Ilkyoo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe choosability of a graph G is the minimum k such that having k colors available at each vertex guarantees a proper coloring. Given a toroidal graph G, it is known that , and if and only if G contains K7. Cai et al. (J Graph Theory 65(1) (2010), 1–15) proved that a toroidal graph G without 7‐cycles is 6‐choosable, and if and only if G contains K6. They also proved that a toroidal graph G without 6‐cycles is 5‐choosable, and conjectured that if and only if G contains K5. We disprove this conjecture by constructing an infinite family of non‐4‐colorable toroidal graphs with neither K5 nor cycles of length at least 6; moreover, this family of graphs is embeddable on every surface except the plane and the projective plane. Instead, we prove the following slightly weaker statement suggested by Zhu: toroidal graphs containing neither (a K5 missing one edge) nor 6‐cycles are 4‐choosable. This is sharp in the sense that forbidding only one of the two structures does not ensure that the graph is 4‐choosable.
Influence of different salting processes on the evolution of the volatile metabolites of vacuum‐packed fillets of farmed and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored under refrigeration conditions: a study by SPME‐GC/MS
Authors: Vidal Natalia P , Manzanos María J , Goicoechea Encarnación , Guillén María D 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish shelf‐life extension is a topic of great interest. In this study the behaviour of salted and unsalted farmed and wild European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets during storage was analysed through the evolution of their volatile metabolites. Farmed and wild sea bass fillets were brine‐salted for 15 or 75 min, or dry‐salted, vacuum‐packed and stored at 4 °C for up to 1 month, and their headspaces were studied by Solid Phase Micro extraction–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME‐GC/MS).RESULTSAt the same storage time, unsalted wild fillets contained, in general, a higher number and abundance of volatile compounds coming from microbiological or endogenous enzymatic activity than unsalted farmed ones. The more intense the salting, the lower the number and abundance of microbiological spoilage metabolites, especially in wild samples. The appearance of oxidation metabolites only in dry‐salted wild samples evidences that this kind of salting provokes a certain oxidation in these samples.CONCLUSIONSThe better performance of farmed than wild fillets suggests that salted farmed fillets, vacuum‐packed and stored under refrigeration conditions, could be a successful alternative to diversify the presence of sea bass in the market. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoinduced Synthesis of Dual‐Emissive Tetraphenylethene‐Based Dendrimers with Tunable Aggregates and Solution States Emissions
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Agatemor Christian , Etkin Nola , Wagner Brian 
Published: May 2016

Photoactive materials are actively researched, piloting breakthroughs that have enriched fundamental understanding of science, and have led to real applications. Tetraphenylethene, a photoactive molecule that is of interest from fundamental and applied perspectives, features photochemical properties that are not exploited in the design of photoactive, dual‐emissive materials. Here, tetraphenylethene‐based, dual‐emissive dendrimers are constructed via a synthetic approach that involves a photochemical reaction that exploits the photochemistry of tetraphenylethene. These dendrimers are emissive in solution and in the aggregate state with tunable dual emissions at 368 and 469 nm. The photochemical reaction also tunes the size of the aggregates, increasing the size after UV irradiation. The reported synthetic strategy is a direct and facile approach to accessing dual‐emissive macromolecules, especially tetraphenylethene‐based systems for real applications.
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RFX1 maintains testis cord integrity by regulating the expression of Itga6 in male mouse embryos
Authors: Wang Bo , Qi Tao , Chen Shi‐Qin , Ye Lei , Huang Zhan‐Sen , Li Hao 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYFormation and maintenance of testis cords during embryogenesis are essential for establishing testicular structure and function in adults. At least five genes (Wt1, Dhh, Sox8/Sox9, and Dax1) appear to be required for the maintenance of testis cord integrity in mice. Here, we report that RFX1 is specifically expressed in fetal Sertoli cells. Mouse embryos conditionally deficient in Rfx1 (Rfx1flox/flox, Amh‐Cre) possessed disrupted testis cords, as the basal lamina lining was fragmented or completely absent in some areas of the testes. Spermatogenesis was blocked, leading to complete infertility. Expression of integrin alpha‐6 was significantly decreased in Rfx1‐deficient testes compared to control testes; indeed, luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that RFX1 directly activates transcription of Itga6 (the gene coding for integrin alpha‐6). Taken together, RFX1 transcriptionally targets Itga6 in Sertoli cells, thereby, helping maintain the integrity of the basal lamina during testis cord development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 606–614, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gonad development and hermaphroditism in the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Rodriguez Delany , Kassmer Susannah H. , De Tomaso Anthony W. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is an ideal model organism for studying gonad development and hermaphroditism. B. schlosseri has been reared in laboratories for over half a century, and its unique biology allows investigators to probe the processes of germ cell migration and gonad formation, resorption, and regeneration. Following metamorphosis, colonies of B. schlosseri show a synchronized and sequential fertility program that, under standard laboratory conditions, begins with a juvenile stage with no visible gonads and subsequently develops testes at 9 weeks followed later by the production of oocytes—thus resulting in hermaphroditic individuals. The timing of oocyte production varies according to the season, and adult B. schlosseri colonies can cycle among infertile and both male and hermaphrodite fertile states in response to changing environmental conditions. Thus, these acidians are amenable to studying the molecular mechanisms controlling fertility, and recent genomic and transcriptomic databases are providing insight to the key genes involved. Here, we review the techniques and approaches developed to study germ cell migration and gonad formation in B. schlosseri, and include novel videos showing processes related to oocyte ovulation and sperm discharge. In the future, this valuable invertebrate model system may help understand the mechanisms of gonad development and regeneration in a chordate. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 158–170, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retest of a Principal Components Analysis of Two Household Environmental Risk Instruments
Authors: Oneal Gail A. , Postma Julie , Odom‐Maryon Tamara , Butterfield Patricia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHousehold Risk Perception (HRP) and Self‐Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction (SEERR) instruments were developed for a public health nurse‐delivered intervention designed to reduce home‐based, environmental health risks among rural, low‐income families. The purpose of this study was to test both instruments in a second low‐income population that differed geographically and economically from the original sample. Participants (N = 199) were recruited from the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Paper and pencil surveys were collected at WIC sites by research‐trained student nurses. Exploratory principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted, and comparisons were made to the original PCA for the purpose of data reduction. Instruments showed satisfactory Cronbach alpha values for all components. HRP components were reduced from five to four, which explained 70% of variance. The components were labeled sensed risks, unseen risks, severity of risks, and knowledge. In contrast to the original testing, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) items was not a separate component of the HRP. The SEERR analysis demonstrated four components explaining 71% of variance, with similar patterns of items as in the first study, including a component on ETS, but some differences in item location. Although low‐income populations constituted both samples, differences in demographics and risk exposures may have played a role in component and item locations. Findings provided justification for changing or reducing items, and for tailoring the instruments to population‐level risks and behaviors. Although analytic refinement will continue, both instruments advance the measurement of environmental health risk perception and self‐efficacy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.