bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of current procedural terminology codes for rotavirus vaccination among infants in two commercially insured US populations
Authors: Hoffman Veena , Everage Nicholas J. , Quinlan Scott C. , Skerry Kathleen , Esposito Daina , Praet Nicolas , Rosillon Dominique , Holick Crystal N. , Dore David D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeWe validated procedure codes used in health insurance claims for reimbursement of rotavirus vaccination by comparing claims for monovalent live‐attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) and live, oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) to medical records.MethodsUsing administrative data from two commercially insured United States populations, we randomly sampled vaccination claims for RV1 and RV5 from a cohort of infants aged less than 1 year from an ongoing post‐licensure safety study of rotavirus vaccines. The codes for RV1 and RV5 found in claims were confirmed through medical record review. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the Current Procedural Terminology codes for RV1 and RV5 was calculated as the number of medical record‐confirmed vaccinations divided by the number of medical records obtained.ResultsMedical record review confirmed 92 of 104 RV1 vaccination claims (PPV: 88.5%; 95% CI: 80.7–93.9%) and 98 of 113 RV5 vaccination claims (PPV: 86.7%; 95% CI: 79.1–92.4%). Among the 217 medical records abstracted, only three (1.4%) of vaccinations were misclassified in claims—all were RV5 misclassified as RV1. The medical records corresponding to 9 RV1 and 15 RV5 claims contained insufficient information to classify the type of rotavirus vaccine.ConclusionsMisclassification of rotavirus vaccines is infrequent within claims. The PPVs reported here are conservative estimates as those with insufficient information in the medical records were assumed to be incorrectly coded in the claims. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insecticide resistance and size assortative mating in females of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)
Authors: Cordeiro Erick Mauricio G , Corrêa Alberto S , Rosi‐Denadai Conrado A , Tomé Hudson Vaner V , Guedes Raul Narciso C 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDRandom mating is a common assumption in studies of insecticide resistance evolution, but seldom tested despite its potential consequences. Therefore, the existing evidence of female choice and insecticide resistance in populations of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), a key pest of stored cereals, led to the assessment of mating preferences and their association with insecticide resistance in this species.RESULTSMixed lines of a maize weevil colony were established from field‐collected populations, which after 5 months of natural breeding were selected for deltamethrin resistance for five generations, reaching over 100‐fold resistance. Mating preference was significantly based on the partner size, measured as body mass (χ2 = 5.83, df = 1, P = 0.016). Susceptible females preferred heavier males for mating (χ2 = 5.83, df = 1, P = 0.015), a trait that was more frequently associated with deltamethrin resistance (χ2 = 7.38, df = 1, P = 0.007). Deltamethrin resistance compromised daily fertility, although the reduced offspring production observed in matings between susceptible females and resistant males was negligible.CONCLUSIONSusceptible female weevils prefer larger (and heavier) males to mate, a trait associated with deltamethrin resistance, favouring the maintenance and spread of the resistant phenotype in the population. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Anharmonic interstellar PAH molecules
Authors: Candian Alessandra , Mackie Cameron J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are responsible for a family of features, the aromatic infrared bands, which are observed in many astronomical environments. The photophysics and photochemistry of PAHs in space is strongly influenced by anharmonicity, which has seldom been considered in astrophysical modeling because of the lack of available data or because too computationally demanding. Recent developments of second‐order vibrational perturbation theory applied to density functional theory now allow the computation of the anharmonic quartic force field anharmonic spectra of medium‐large molecules like PAHs in a time‐efficient way. It is now possible to have a better grasp of the effects of anharmonicity on the vibrational spectrum of PAHs also thanks to the comparison with gas‐phase, high‐resolution experimental data. In this perspective, the quality of these anharmonic spectra for PAH molecules is reviewed and discussed in view of a robust astrochemical model for PAH molecules.
More than counting pixels – perspectives on the importance of remote sensing training in ecology and conservation
Authors: Bernd Asja , Braun Daniela , Ortmann Antonia , Ulloa‐Torrealba Yrneh Z. , Wohlfart Christian , Bell Alexandra 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs remote sensing (RS) applications and resources continue to expand, their importance for ecology and conservation increases – and so does the need for effective and successful training of professionals working in those fields. Methodological and applied courses often form part of university curricula, but their practical and long‐term benefits only become clear afterwards. Having recently received such training in an interdisciplinary master's programme, we provide our perspectives on our shared education. Through an online survey we include experiences of students and professionals in different fields. Most participants perceive their RS education as useful for their career, but express a need for more training at university level. Hands‐on projects are considered the most effective learning method. Besides methodological knowledge, soft skills are clear gains, including problem solving, self‐learning and finding individual solutions, and the ability to work in interdisciplinary teams. The largest identified gaps in current RS training concern the application regarding policy making, methodology and conservation. To successfully prepare students for a career, study programmes need to provide RS courses based on state‐of‐the‐art methods, including programming, and interdisciplinary projects linking research and practice supported by a sound technical background.
Measuring Flexibility, Descriptive Complexity, and Rework Potential in Generic System Architectures
Authors: Broniatowski David A. , Moses Joel 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA system's architecture defines its flexibility—the ease with which changes to the system's structure may be made. Systems may possess an internal structure that is relatively complex to describe—especially after many changes. In addition, some changes may require several iterations before stakeholders converge on a final design choice. There is currently no unified mathematical theory that captures these factors. We developed metrics for flexibility, descriptive complexity, and rework potential defined on graph‐based representations of a system's structure. We applied these metrics to four idealized generic system architectures: Tree‐structured hierarchies are easy to describe and require minimal design iteration. However, they permit relatively few changes, unless the underlying architecture itself is changed. Furthermore, each such change adds significant complexity. Grid networks are more flexible than trees, but also more descriptively complex. Grids also require some degree of design iteration between stakeholders. Teams are extremely flexible but the requirement for consensus (e.g., due to cognitive limits among humans) restricts their size. Layered hierarchies possess moderate flexibility and require fewer iterations than corresponding grids and teams, although they can be difficult to describe succinctly. Our findings suggest that no architecture is ideal under all circumstances; rather, each has strengths and weaknesses that can be exploited in different environments.
Drug Sensitivity Assays of Human Cancer Organoid Cultures
Authors: Francies Hayley E. , Barthorpe Andrew , McLaren-Douglas Anne , Barendt William J. , Garnett Mathew J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDrug sensitivity testing utilizing preclinical disease models such as cancer cell lines is an important and widely used tool for drug development. Importantly, when combined with molecular data such as gene copy number variation or somatic coding mutations, associations between drug sensitivity and molecular data can be used to develop markers to guide patient therapies. The use of organoids as a preclinical cancer model has become possible following recent work demonstrating that organoid cultures can be derived from patient tumors with a high rate of success. A genetic analysis of colon cancer organoids found that these models encompassed the majority of the somatic variants present within the tumor from which it was derived, and capture much of the genetic diversity of colon cancer observed in patients. Importantly, the systematic sensitivity testing of organoid cultures to anticancer drugs identified clinical gene–drug interactions, suggestive of their potential as preclinical models for testing anticancer drug sensitivity. In this chapter, we describe how to perform medium/high-throughput drug sensitivity screens using 3D organoid cell cultures.
Response time and click position: cheap indicators of preferences
Authors: Chen Fadong , Fischbacher Urs 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates how process data like response time and click position relates to economic decisions. We use a social value orientation experiment, which can be considered as a prototypical multi-attribute decision problem. We find that in the social value orientation task more individualistic subjects have shorter response times than prosocial subjects. Individualistic subjects click more often on their own payoffs than on the others’ payoffs, and they click more often on their own payoffs than prosocial subjects. Moreover, the response time information and the click position information are complementary in explaining subjects’ preferences. These results show that response times and click positions can be used as indicators of people’s preferences.
Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of anxiety symptoms among adolescent survivors exposed to Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Shi Xuliang , Zhou Ya , Fan Fang 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories and associated predictors of anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents exposed to Wenchuan earthquake. 1573 adolescent survivors were followed up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post‐earthquake. Self‐report measures were used to evaluate earthquake exposure, anxiety symptoms, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) and multi‐nominal logistic regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that 45.6%, 50.9%, 39.2%, and 39.9% of participants showed clinical levels of anxiety symptoms at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post‐earthquake, respectively. Four developmental trajectories were identified: resistance, recovery, delayed‐onset anxiety, and chronic anxiety. Gender, injury of family members, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience were significant predictors for distinct anxiety trajectories. Individualized and appropriate psychosocial interventions should be provided for adolescents affected by natural disasters, especially those at higher risk for chronic or delayed mental problem symptoms.
Duloxetine prevents the effects of prenatal stress on depressive‐like and anxiety‐like behavior and hippocampal expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in adult male offspring rats
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Qi , Wang Yan , Hu Jingmin , Jiang Han , Cheng Wenwen , Ma Yuchao , Liu Mengxi , Sun Anji , Zhang Xinxin , Li Xiaobai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStress during pregnancy may cause neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Currently, pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been identified as a risk factor for depression and anxiety disorder. Unfortunately, there is very little research on the long‐term effects of prenatal stress on the neuroinflammatory system of offspring. Moreover, the relationship between antidepressant treatment and cytokines in the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus, an important emotion modulation center, is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of prenatal chronic mild stress during development on affective‐like behaviors and hippocampal cytokines in adult offspring, and to verify whether antidepressant (duloxetine) administration from early adulthood could prevent the harmful consequences. To do so, prenatally stressed and non‐stressed Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated with either duloxetine (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle from postnatal day 60 for 21 days. Adult offspring were divided into four groups: 1) prenatal stress + duloxetine treatment, 2) prenatal stress + vehicle, 3) duloxetine treatment alone, and 4) vehicle alone. Adult offspring were assessed for anxiety‐like behavior using the open field test and depression‐like behavior using the forced swim test. Brains were analyzed for pro‐inflammatory cytokine markers in the hippocampus via real‐time PCR. Results demonstrate that prenatal stress‐induced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors are associated with an increase in hippocampal inflammatory mediators, and duloxetine administration prevents the increased hippocampal pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 and anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior in prenatally stressed adult offspring. This research provides important evidence on the long‐term effect of PNS exposure during development in a model of maternal adversity to study the pathogenesis of depression and its therapeutic interventions.
What Kind of an Idealist (If Any) Is Hegel?
Authors: Gabriel Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I first explore Hegel’s own distinctions between various types of idealism, most of which he explicitly rejects. I discuss his notions of subjective, transcendental and absolute idealism and present the outlines of his criticisms of the first two as well as the motivation behind his commitment to a version of absolute idealism. In particular, I argue that the latter does not share the defining features of what is now commonly called ‘idealism’, as Hegel neither denies the existence of an external world nor even holds that we can only somehow indirectly infer the truth of propositions about the external world from the structure of some given mental material. I give a basic account of what Hegel’s concept of ‘the absolute idea’ is about, which lies behind his absolute idealism. In this context, I maintain that it is crucial for our understanding of Hegel and of his potential relevance for contemporary metaphysics and epistemology that the absolute idea is precisely not a mental or ‘spiritual’ (geistig) entity. Rather, it amounts to a set of methodological assumptions designed to guarantee the overall intelligibility of what there is, regardless of its actual natural, social or more broadly normative structure.
Hegel’s Criticism of Hinduism
Authors: Stewart Jon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion Hegel critically refers to Hinduism as ‘The Religion of Imagination’ or, in another translation, ‘The Religion of Phantasy’. Hegel’s study of Hinduism came during the period when there was a rapidly growing interest in India, indeed, an Indomania, in the German-speaking world. Hegel meticulously kept up with the most recent publications in the field. This article examines Hegel’s critical assessment of Hinduism in order to determine what specifically he finds objectionable in it. It is argued that his objection ultimately concerns what he takes to be the mistaken conception of what it is to be a human being that underlies the Hindu view. This conception, he claims, undermines the development of subjective freedom that he takes to be so important.
Hegel’s Criticism of Hinduism: A Response
Authors: Sahota Peter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper offers a response to Hegel’s critique of Hinduism as explicated by Jon Stewart, by drawing on a variety of textual sources which are normative for Hinduism. In a first section, Hegel’s idea that the Hindu conception of the divine is too abstract to provide meaningful content is challenged by explicating the role of the Veda in Hinduism. A second section seeks to question the idea that the kind of naturalism available in Hinduism is necessarily incompatible with subjective freedom in the way that Hegel suggests. A third section engages with the specific empirical question regarding the subjective freedom of women in Hindu society which Hegel provides as one practical illustration of the lack of subjective freedom. Rather than providing a definitive rebuttal, the evidence adduced on all these points suggests a more heterogeneous picture of Hinduism than that which Hegel was able to provide.
Early Ordovician trilobites from the Iruya area (Cordillera Oriental, northwestern Argentina) and their stratigraphic significance
Authors: Tortello M. Franco , Esteban Susana B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe middle part of the Santa Rosita Formation (Tremadocian) is well exposed in the Iruya area, northwestern Argentina. At the Pantipampa and Rodeo Colorado localities, it is composed of shale and sandstone representing a wave-dominated shelf with influence of storm activity. Twenty-two trilobite species are described from these localities. Low-diversity assemblages from the lower part of the succession (Kainella meridionalisKobayashi,Asaphellus catamarcensisKobayashi,Leptoplastides marianus[Hoek]) are diagnostic of the early TremadocianKainella meridionalisZone. Trilobites from the middle part of the sequence are much more diverse.Kainella teiichiiVaccari and Waisfeld,Gymnagnostus kobayashiin. sp.,Conophryssp. indet.,Asaphellus clarksonin. sp.,A.stenorhachis(Harrington),A.isabelaeMeroi Arcerito, Waisfeld and Balseiro,Ogygiocaris?iruyensisn. sp.,Niobe(Niobella)inflecta(Harrington and Leanza) n. comb.,Metayuepingia riccardiin. sp.,Pseudokainella keideliHarrington,Apatokephalus rugosusn. sp.,Onychopyge acenolazain. sp.,O.gonzalezaen. sp.,Nileus cingolaniin. sp.,N.ericin. sp.,Leptoplastides marianus,Parabolinellasp. indet.,Hapalopleurasp. indet., and Ceratopygidae gen. et sp. indet., occur at different levels of theKainella teiichiiZone. This biostratigraphic unit includes the oldest records ofNileusDalman andOgygiocaris? Angelin;MetayuepingiaLiu,Niobe(Niobella) Reed, andOnychopygeHarrington are here first reported from the Tremadocian of southwest Gondwana. Finally, the uppermost part of the succession is characterized by the absence of the genusKainellaWalcott and the occurrence ofBienvillia tetragonalis(Harrington),Asaphellus stenorhachis,Pseudokainella keideliandLeptoplastidessp. indet., which are indicative of the middle TremadocianBienvillia tetragonalisZone. The trilobites described in this paper provide a basis for the refinement of correlations with other Lower Ordovician sections of the Cordillera Oriental. The genera recognized have their closest affinities with faunas from Scandinavia, Great Britain, and China.
Systematics of organic-walled microfossils from the ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Authors: Porter Susannah M. , Riedman Leigh Anne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, provides an exceptional record of life during the diversification of crown-group eukaryotes, just prior to the first Cryogenian glaciation. We document in detail the assemblage of organic-walled microfossils preserved in fine-grained siliciclastics throughout the unit. In contrast with earlier studies, we primarily used SEM to document fossil morphologies, augmented by transmitted light microscopy, FIB-SEM, and TEM. This resulted in the discovery of new species and the recognition of broad-ranging, intraspecific biological and taphonomic variation in other species. Twenty-two species and five unnamed morphotypes are described, including three new species:Kaibabia gemmulella,Microlepidopalla mira, andVolleyballia dehlerae; two new combinations:Galerosphaera walcottiiandLanulatisphaera laufeldii; and 17 previously described forms. The possible colonial green algaPalaeastrum dyptocranumButterfield in Butterfield, Knoll, and Swett, 1994 and the index fossilCerebrosphaera globosa(Ogurtsova and Sergeev, 1989) Sergeev and Schopf, 2010 (=C. buickiiButterfield, 1994) are described for the first time from Chuar rocks.Lanulatisphaera laufeldii, a locally abundant and globally widespread species characterized by submicrometer filamentous processes that form a reticulate network, may be a useful marker for the time interval just before the appearance of vase-shaped microfossils (VSMs) ca. 740 Ma.Organic-walled microfossil assemblages decline in diversity upsection, coincident with the appearance of VSMs and intermittent euxinia within the basin. Whether this pattern is due to preservational bias related to greater water depth or the higher TOC of upper Chuar rocks or instead reflects biotic turnover related to the spread of euxinic water masses in the basin is unknown.
REDUCED PRODUCTS OF METRIC STRUCTURES: A METRIC FEFERMAN–VAUGHT THEOREM
Authors: GHASEMI SAEED 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe extend the classical Feferman–Vaught theorem to logic for metric structures. This implies that the reduced powers of elementarily equivalent structures are elementarily equivalent, and therefore they are isomorphic under the Continuum Hypothesis. We also prove the existence of two separable C*-algebras of the form ⊕iMk(i) (ℂ) such that the assertion that their coronas are isomorphic is independent from ZFC, which gives the first example of genuinely noncommutative coronas of separable C*-algebras with this property.
Study of Eclipsing Binary and Multiple Systems in OB Associations IV: Cas OB6 Member DN Cas
Authors: Bakış V. , Bakış H. , Bilir S. , Eker Z. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn early-type, massive, short-period ($P_{\text{orb}}=2^d.310951$) eclipsing spectroscopic binary DN Cas has been re-visited with new spectral and photometric data. The masses and radii of the components have been obtained as $M_1=19.04\pm 0.07\,\text{M}_\odot$, $M_2=13.73\pm 0.05\,\text{M}_\odot$ and $R_1=7.22\pm 0.06\,\text{R}_\odot$, $R_2=5.79\pm 0.06\,\text{R}_\odot$, respectively. Both components present synchronous rotation ($V_{\text{rot}1}=160\,\text{km } \text{s}^{-1}$, $V_{\text{rot}2}=130\ \text{km} \,\text{s}^{-1}$) with their orbit. Orbital period analysis yielded a physically bound additional component in the system with a minimum mass of $M_3=0.88\,\text{M}_\odot$ orbiting in an eccentric orbit (e = 0.37 ± 0.2) with an orbital period of P12 = 42 ± 9 yr. High precision absolute parameters of the system allowed us to derive a distance to DN Cas as 1.7 ± 0.2 kpc which locates the system within the borders of the Cas OB6 association (d = 1.8 kpc). The space velocities and the age of DN Cas are in agreement with those of Cas OB6. The age of DN Cas (τ = 3–5 Myr) is found to be 1–2 Myr older than the embedded clusters (IC 1795, IC 1805, and IC 1848) in the Cas OB6 association, which implies a sequential star formation in the association.