bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The modeled cost‐effectiveness of family‐based and adolescent‐focused treatment for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Le Long Khanh‐Dao , Barendregt Jan J. , Hay Phillipa , Sawyer Susan M. , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a prevalent, serious mental disorder. We aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of family‐based treatment (FBT) compared to adolescent‐focused individual therapy (AFT) or no intervention within the Australian healthcare system.MethodA Markov model was developed to estimate the cost and disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) averted of FBT relative to comparators over 6 years from the health system perspective. The target population was 11–18 year olds with AN of relatively short duration. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test model assumptions. Results are reported as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) in 2013 Australian dollars per DALY averted.ResultsFBT was less costly than AFT. Relative to no intervention, the mean ICER of FBT and AFT was $5,089 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): dominant to $16,659) and $51,897 ($21,591 to $1,712,491) per DALY averted. FBT and AFT are 100% and 45% likely to be cost‐effective, respectively, at a threshold of AUD$50,000 per DALY averted. Sensitivity analyses indicated that excluding hospital costs led to increases in the ICERs but the conclusion of the study did not change.ConclusionFBT is the most cost‐effective among treatment arms, whereas AFT was not cost‐effective compared to no intervention. Further research is required to verify this result.
The cost‐effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa in the Australian context
Authors: Le Long Khanh‐Dao , Hay Phillipa , Wade Tracey , Touyz Stephen , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study was to model the cost‐effectiveness of specialist‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa (CBT‐BN) compared to no intervention within the Australian context.MethodAn illness‐death model was developed to estimate the cost per disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) averted of CBT‐BN over 2 years from the healthcare perspective. Target population was adults aged 18–65 years with BN. Results are reported as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) in 2013 Australian dollars per DALY averted. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of results.ResultsPrimary analysis indicated that CBT‐BN was associated with greater DALY averted (0.10 DALY per person) and higher costs ($1,435 per person) than no intervention, resulting the mean ICER of $14,451 per DALY averted (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: $8,762 to $35,650). Uncertainty analysis indicated CBT‐BN is 99% likely to be cost‐effective at a threshold of $50,000 per DALY averted. Including the patients' time and travel costs resulted in the mean ICER of $18,858 per DALY averted (95% UI: $11,235 to $46,026). Sensitivity analysis indicated the intervention was not cost‐effective if over 80% people discontinued treatment. Other analyses including a reduced time horizon, increased remission rates, and 4‐month effect size of CBT‐BN increases the ICERs but these ICERs remained well below under a threshold of $50,000 per DALY averted.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that CBT‐BN for adults with BN is a cost‐effective treatment intervention. Further research is required to investigate the practicability of CBT‐ED and the cost‐effectiveness of other formats of CBT‐BN delivery.
Resin monoterpene defenses decline within three widespread species of pine (Pinus) along a 1530‐m elevational gradient
Authors: Ferrenberg Scott , Langenhan Joseph M. , Loskot Steven A. , Rozal Leonardo M. , Mitton Jeffry B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe elevational gradient in plant defense (EGPD) hypothesis posits that natural enemy pressures increase alongside temperature across elevational climatic gradients, thereby selecting for enhanced defenses at lower elevations while leaving plants less defended at higher elevations. Phylogenetically constrained tests of this hypothesis are uncommon, with tests focused on defenses of mature trees in natural settings being exceedingly rare. In the absence of this information, predicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest pests that preferentially attack mature trees is rendered more difficult. Tree properties such as age, growth rate, and size have all been correlated with levels of tree defenses against insect pests. Thus, we sought to disentangle the interacting influences of these properties from possible elevational climatic effects on monoterpene concentrations, diversity, and intraspecific dissimilarity of constitutive resin within three widespread pines (Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus flexilis) across a 1530‐m elevational transect in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Overall, we found some support for the EGPD hypothesis within all three of the pine species studied. However, while elevation and tree properties were strong predictors of the variation in monoterpene concentration and moderate predictors of variation in diversity and dissimilarity in P. contorta, they were a relatively weak set of predictors in P. ponderosa and P. flexilis. Significant, (negative) elevational effects were found for total monoterpene concentration in P. contorta and monoterpene diversity in P. ponderosa, while elevation had a significant negative effect on monoterpene concentration and diversity, and a positive effect on dissimilarity in P. flexilis. Nevertheless, tree age, size, and/or growth measures had significant influences on one or more monoterpene measures in all three of the pine species indicating a need to parse effects of these factors within studies of tree defenses across environmental gradients. Our results offer some support for the EGPD hypothesis while suggesting the presence of a variable hierarchy of drivers of pine defense and resistance across congeners in shared environments—a situation that presents challenges for predicting spatiotemporal patterns in secondary chemistry across species from a common set of potential drivers.
Association of insomnia severity with well‐being, quality of life and health care costs: A cross‐sectional study in older adults with chronic pain (PainS65+)
Authors: Dragioti E. , Bernfort L. , Larsson B. , Gerdle B. , Levin L.Å. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia is one of the most common complaints in chronic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the association of insomnia with well‐being, quality of life and health care costs.MethodsThe sample included 2790 older individuals (median age = 76; interquartile range [IQR] = 70–82) with chronic pain. The participants completed a postal survey assessing basic demographic data, pain intensity and frequency, height, weight, comorbidities, general well‐being, quality of life and the insomnia severity index (ISI). Data on health care costs were calculated as costs per year (€ prices) and measured in terms of outpatient and inpatient care, pain drugs, total drugs and total health care costs.ResultsThe overall fraction of clinical insomnia was 24.6% (moderate clinical insomnia: 21.9% [95% CI: 18.8–23.3]; severe clinical insomnia: 2.7% [95% CI: 1.6–3.2]). Persons who reported clinical insomnia were more likely to experience pain more frequently with higher pain intensity compared to those reported no clinically significant insomnia. Mean total health care costs were € 8469 (95% CI: €4029‐€14,271) for persons with severe insomnia compared with € 4345 (95% CI: €4033‐€4694) for persons with no clinically significant insomnia. An association between severe insomnia, well‐being, quality of life, outpatient care, total drugs costs and total health care costs remained after controlling for age, sex, pain intensity, frequency, body mass index and comorbidities using linear regression models.ConclusionsOur results determine an independent association of insomnia with low health‐related quality of life and increased health care costs in older adults with chronic pain.SignificanceThe concurrence and the severity of insomnia among older adults with chronic pain were associated with decreased well‐being and quality of life, and increased health care costs to society.
Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticle‐Derived Hierarchical Structure for CO2 Capture
Authors: Beltzung Anna , Klaue Antoine , Colombo Claudio , Wu Hua , Storti Giuseppe , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe production of porous clusters by controlled aggregation of polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles and thermal treatment, and their application to CO2 capture are reported. The synthesis of the primary particles by emulsion polymerization exhibits good reproducibility and is easy to scale up. The subsequent gelation of the produced latexes (controlled destabilization by salt addition) results in the formation of macroporous monoliths of nanoparticles with a mean pore diameter of 100 nm. A carefully assessed thermal treatment is applied to the dried monolith after grinding. The produced porous clusters are processed with three high‐temperature steps: oxidation, stabilization, and pyrolysis. The latter allows for the creation of micropores in the initially non‐porous nanoparticles, thus enabling access to the remaining nitrogen‐bearing species present in the pyrolyzed polymer. The relative contributions of the remaining nitrogen‐bearing species and of the micropores are elucidated by applying different oxidation temperatures. In particular, the fraction of the pores with diameter smaller than 0.7 nm is decisive in determining the final capture ability. After a treatment including oxidation at 240 °C, stabilization at 350 °C, and pyrolysis at 900 °C, the best reported material shows an average CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.56±0.17 mol (CO2) kg−1 at 0 °C and 1 atm.
Family Functioning and Relationship Quality for Adolescents in Family‐based Treatment with Severe Anorexia Nervosa Compared with Non‐clinical Adolescents
Authors: Wallis Andrew , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Madden Sloane , Rhodes Paul , Crosby Ross D. , Cao Li , Touyz Stephen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis longitudinal study explored family functioning and relationship quality for adolescents with severe anorexia nervosa (AN). An important outcome given healthy family functioning supports effective adolescent development. Fifty‐four female adolescents and their parents, treated with family‐based treatment after inpatient admission, and 49 non‐clinical age‐matched adolescents and their parents were compared at assessment and 6 months after session 20. At baseline, AN group mothers and fathers reported poorer family function. AN adolescents were notably similar to controls, reporting poorer function in only one domain. There were no changes for adolescents, an improvement for mothers in the AN group, but an increase in perceived impairment for fathers in both groups, with AN fathers more affected. The similarity in adolescent reports and the increase for fathers over time may indicate that normal adolescent family processes occur even in the midst of serious illness. There is a need to provide intervention to ameliorate the impact of treatment on parents. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Flammability of wood plastic composites prepared from plastic waste
Authors: Turku Irina , Kärki Timo , Puurtinen Ari 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe flammability of wood plastic composites manufactured from recycled plastics was investigated by using the cone calorimetry technique. The peak of the heat release rate was 12% to 25% lower compared to references produced from pure polyethylene‐ and polypropylene‐based composites. The total heat capacity and mass loss rate were also smaller for recycled material compared to the references. The stability of the composites was improved due to the presence of various thermally stable compounds, eg, traces of fire retardants, pigments, and other additives and impurities that can be present in recycled material. Incorporation of carbon black into the secondary materials did not reduce the peak of the heat release rate, but the total heat capacity and mass loss rate decreased further.
Estimation of a significance threshold for epigenome‐wide association studies
Authors: Saffari Ayden , Silver Matt J. , Zavattari Patrizia , Moi Loredana , Columbano Amedeo , Meaburn Emma L. , Dudbridge Frank 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEpigenome‐wide association studies (EWAS) are designed to characterise population‐level epigenetic differences across the genome and link them to disease. Most commonly, they assess DNA‐methylation status at cytosine‐guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites, using platforms such as the Illumina 450k array that profile a subset of CpGs genome wide. An important challenge in the context of EWAS is determining a significance threshold for declaring a CpG site as differentially methylated, taking multiple testing into account. We used a permutation method to estimate a significance threshold specifically for the 450k array and a simulation extrapolation approach to estimate a genome‐wide threshold. These methods were applied to five different EWAS datasets derived from a variety of populations and tissue types. We obtained an estimate of for the 450k array, and a genome‐wide estimate of . We further demonstrate the importance of these results by showing that previously recommended sample sizes for EWAS should be adjusted upwards, requiring samples between ∼10% and ∼20% larger in order to maintain type‐1 errors at the desired level.
Effect of the intermediate principal stress on the evolution of mudstone permeability under true triaxial compression
Authors: Shi Lu , Zeng Zhijiao , Bai Bing , Li Xiaochun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe changes in the permeability of mudstone specimens under compression with different intermediate principal stresses (σ2) were tested using a true triaxial testing system. The confining pressure and pore pressure were set based on the caprock conditions in a CO2geological storage project. The measured permeability initially increased and then decreased before the failure of the specimen and reached a peak in the form of a sudden increase during the formation of the fault. The permeability during compression decreased with increasingσ2. However, the higherσ2caused the ductility of the mudstone to decrease significantly and led to the formation of a fault parallel to theσ2direction. The increase in permeability during the formation of the fault was notably suppressed by the increase in the confining pressure and decreased with increasing flatness of the fault; the flatness of the fault increased with increasingσ2. Moreover, an empirical function that considers the compressive and dilatant strains was proposed to predict the permeability before the failure of the specimen, and the parameters of this function are only slightly affected byσ2. The results of this study reveal the effect ofσ2on the variation of the permeability of mudstone and help better assess the risk of caprock leakage in injection projects. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fission track and U–Pb double dating of detrital zircon applied to the intracratonic Mesozoic Bauru Basin, Brazil
Authors: Dias A.N.C. , Chemale F. , Hackspacher P.C. , Soares C.J. , O‐Aristizabal C.I. , Tello C.A.S. 
Published: October 2017

Coupled fission‐track and U–Pb analyses of detrital zircons are presented. A Cretaceous intracratonic basin formed between 93 to 60 Ma, the Bauru Basin, is investigated to distinguish its provenance and information about the main orogenetic events of the South American Platform. The results of U–Pb zircon dating suggest that Rhyacian (Transamazonian Cycle, 2.3–2.05 Ga), Statherian (1.8–1 Ga), Sunsás (1.2–0.9 Ga), Tonian (Early Brasiliano, 1 to 0.85 Ga) and Brasiliano (0.65 to 0.50 Ga) terranes and units are the main source areas. The fission‐track data provide important evidence of cooling during the Early Brasiliano and Brasiliano periods and yields 2 main Paleozoic age populations, one between 500 and 360 Ma and the other between 345 and 230 Ma. These populations were interpreted as resulting from different tectonic events along the western margin of the South American Platform that affected the platform's internal composition by uplift and exhumation.
Ulk4 deficiency leads to hypomyelination in mice
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Ping , Guan Zhenlong , Qian Xiaohong , Dockery Peter , Fitzgerald Una , O'Brien Timothy , Shen Sanbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBrain nerve fibers are insulated by myelin which is produced by oligodendrocytes. Defects in myelination are increasingly recognized as a common pathology underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, which are associated with deletions of the Unc‐51‐like kinase 4 (ULK4) gene. Key transcription factors have been identified for oligodendrogenesis, but little is known about their associated regulators. Here we report that Ulk4 acts as a key regulator of myelination. Myelination is reduced by half in the Ulk4tm1a/tm1a hypomorph brain, whereas expression of axonal marker genes Tubb3, Nefh, Nefl and Nefm remains unaltered. Transcriptome analyses reveal that 8 (Gfap, Mbp, Mobp, Plp1, Slc1a2, Ttr, Cnp, Scd2) of the 10 most significantly altered genes in the Ulk4tm1a/tm1a brain are myelination‐related. Ulk4 is co‐expressed in Olig2+ (pan‐oligodendrocyte marker) and CC1+ (mature myelinated oligodendrocyte marker) cells during postnatal development. Major oligodendrogeneic transcription factors, including Olig2, Olig1, Myrf, Sox10, Sox8, Sox6, Sox17, Nkx2‐2, Nkx6‐2 and Carhsp1, are significantly downregulated in the mutants. mRNA transcripts enriched in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), the newly formed oligodendrocytes (NFOs) and myelinating oligodendrocytes (MOs), are significantly attenuated. Expression of stage‐specific oligodendrocyte factors including Cspg4, Sox17, Nfasc, Enpp6, Sirt2, Cnp, Plp1, Mbp, Ugt8, Mag and Mog are markedly decreased. Indirect effects of axon caliber and neuroinflammation may also contribute to the hypomyelination, as Ulk4 mutants display smaller axons and increased neuroinflammation. This is the first evidence demonstrating that ULK4 is a crucial regulator of myelination, and ULK4 may therefore become a novel therapeutic target for hypomyelination diseases.
Microglial‐induced Müller cell gliosis is attenuated by progesterone in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Roche Sarah L. , Ruiz‐Lopez Ana M. , Moloney Jennifer N. , Byrne Ashleigh M. , Cotter Thomas G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNorgestrel, a progesterone analogue, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Neuroprotection is achieved in part through Norgestrels anti‐inflammatory properties, alleviating detrimental microglial activity. Gliosis is a feature of many neurodegenerative diseases of the retina, including retinitis pigmentosa. Müller glia, a type of macroglia found in the retina, are major contributors of gliosis, characterized by the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Microglia‐Müller glia crosstalk has been implicated in the initiation of gliosis. In the rd10 retina, increased microglial activity and gliotic events are observed prior to the onset of photoreceptor loss. We hypothesized that Norgestrels dampening effects on harmful microglial activity would consequently impact on gliosis. In the current study, we explore the role of microglia‐Müller glia crosstalk in degeneration and Norgestrel‐mediated neuroprotection in the rd10 retina. Norgestrels neuroprotective effects in the rd10 retina coincide with significant decreases in both microglial activity and Müller cell gliosis. Using a Müller glial cell line, rMC‐1, and isolated microglia, we show that rd10 microglia stimulate GFAP production in rMC‐1 cells. Norgestrel attenuates gliosis through direct actions on both microglia and Müller glia. Norgestrel reduces the release of harmful stimuli from microglia, such as interferon‐γ, which might otherwise signal to Müller glia and stimulate gliosis. We propose that Norgestrel also targets Müller cell gliosis directly, by limiting the availability of pSTAT3, a known transcription factor for GFAP. These findings highlight an important aspect to Norgestrels neuroprotective effects in the diseased retina, in combating Müller cell gliosis.
Reproductive autonomy of women and girls under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Ngwena Charles G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWomen and girls with disabilities have historically been denied the freedom to make their own choices in matters relating to their reproduction. In the healthcare sector they experience multiple discriminatory practices. Women and girls with intellectual disabilities are particularly vulnerable to coerced or forced medical interventions. The present article considers the contribution the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities makes towards affirming the rights of women and girls with disabilities to enjoy reproductive autonomy, including autonomy related to reproductive health, on an equal basis with individuals without disabilities. The Convention is paradigm‐setting in its maximal approach to affirming the rights of individuals with disabilities to make autonomous choices under conditions of equality and non‐discrimination. The Convention is the first human rights treaty to clearly affirm that impairment of decision‐making skills is not a justification for depriving a person with cognitive or intellectual disability of legal capacity.
Low intrapatient variability of histomorphological findings in periprosthetic tissues from revised metal/ceramic on polyethylene joint arthroplasties
Authors: Vaculova Jana , Gallo Jiri , Hurnik Pavel , Motyka Oldrich , Goodman Stuart B. , Dvorackova Jana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe type of tissue response to implant by‐products can be determined by examination of periprosthetic tissues. However, little is known about the most suitable location for tissue sampling. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the extent of variability in tissue response in relation to location of tissue sampling, implant fixation, age and sex in total joint arthroplasties with metal‐on‐polyethylene or ceramic‐on‐polyethylene bearing pairs. We processed 236 histology slides from 21 patients and focused on the association between the location of tissue samples and histological features. The presence of the synovial hyperplasia showed a significant association with the particular sampling site. A higher density of high endothelial cell venules was seen in the samples from around the joint, and polyethylene particles were more abundant in noncemented TJA but both findings did not show statistically significant association with the sampling site. The results showed a relatively small variance in the tissue response to prosthetic by‐products among tissues sampled from the same patient. Our findings indicate that tissue samples retrieved from similar distance from around the TJA during the revision operation show comparable results of histological analysis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2008–2018, 2018.