bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Series of Refractory Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Effectively Treated With Dupilumab in Combination With Abrocitinib
Authors: Fong Wei Chern Gavin , Kaung Htet Hla Win , Lopes Rhea , Kanji Alpa , Ravenscroft Jane , Tang Ting Seng , Flohr Carsten 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChildren with severe atopic dermatitis (AD), refractory to conventional systemic treatment as well as single‐agent biologic and Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) such as abrocitinib, currently face a lack of treatment options. In response to this clinical conundrum, we present three cases of severe and refractory pediatric AD successfully managed with combined dupilumab and abrocitinib. These children had exhausted all conventional treatments and had undergone treatment with both dupilumab and abrocitinib individually, as well as dupilumab in conjunction with methotrexate. It was only when the combination of dupilumab and abrocitinib was introduced that they finally achieved noticeable and sustained improvements in disease control.
Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and electrocardiographic findings among newborns: The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study
Authors: Nørskov Emil H. , Pærregaard Maria M. , Raja Anna A. , Sillesen Anne‐Sophie , Christensen Alex H. , Bundgaard Henning , Boyd Heather A. , Iversen Kasper K. , Vøgg R. Ottilia B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaternal preeclampsia is associated with both congenital heart defects and changes in left ventricular structure and function in the offspring. Whether preeclampsia and gestational hypertension also affect the offspring's cardiac conduction system is unknown.ObjectivesThis study assesses whether infants exposed to maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) exhibit changes in their electrocardiogram (ECG) compared with infants unexposed to HDPs.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study included newborns from the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study who had an ECG performed within 30 days of birth and had available obstetric information. ECG parameters of newborns exposed to maternal HDPs were compared with those of unexposed newborns using linear regression.ResultsOur study cohort included 11,826 newborns, including 441 exposed to maternal preeclampsia and 320 exposed to gestational hypertension. Infants exposed to preeclampsia had prolonged QRS durations (adjusted mean difference 0.6 ms, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04, 1.16) and lower maximum amplitudes of the R‐wave in V1 (adjusted mean difference, linear scale 0.95, 95% CI 0.90, 1.00), compared with unexposed infants. Exposure to maternal preeclampsia was not associated with changes in other ECG parameters. Exposure to gestational hypertension was associated with increased QT interval durations (QTc Bazett, adjusted mean difference 2.48 ms, 95% CI −0.23, 5.20; QTc Fridericia, adjusted mean difference 2.32 ms, 95% CI −0.19, 4.83).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the newborn cardiac conduction system is affected by exposure to maternal preeclampsia. This could reflect the previously described thickening of the left ventricular myocardium in infants exposed to preeclampsia.
Characteristics of the Kematu epithermal gold deposit at Tboli, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Tizon Alan Royce B. , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira S. , Manalo Pearlyn , Takahashi Ryohei , Garcia Ma. Yna Rose D. , Amoroso Juan Alex Vianne D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Kematu Au‐Ag epithermal deposit at Tboli area, Province of South Cotabato, Mindanao, Philippines, contains an inferred mineral resource of 3.8 million tonnes, at 8.7 g/t Au and 27 g/t Ag in 2012. The deposit is spatially and genetically linked to the volcanism related to the Parker Volcanic Complex of Pliocene to Holocene age. Local extension of the northwest‐trending splays of the faults in the Tboli area are associated with epithermal mineralization, including the Kematu Au‐Ag deposit. The study aimed to provide a detailed description of the characteristics and physicochemical processes involved in the formation of the Kematu Au‐Ag deposit on the basis of field occurrence, mineralogy, ore composition, mineral chemistry, and sulfur isotope data. The deposit is characterized by Au‐Ag bearing quartz‐adularia‐clay‐sulfide veins hosted in argillic‐altered andesite porphyry and coarse tuff of the Parker Volcanic Complex. The mineralization in the Kematu deposit is in the form of veins as well as open space fill and dissemination. Based on the observation of the ore bodies and petrographic analysis, three paragenetic stages with different vein characteristics have been identified. Stage 1 is dominantly quartz, adularia, and clay mineral veins, with electrum, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, and galena. Stage 2 is coarse‐grained sulfide‐quartz‐adularia veins and in‐fill of vugs, consisting of sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, and electrum. Stage 3 is massive calcite veins, with minor amounts of electrum, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. The alteration mineral assemblage of the host rocks is chlorite‐illite‐adularia, indicative of neutral pH conditions. The FeS content of the Fe‐poor sphalerite in the stage 2 ranges from 0.03 to 1.07 mol%. Sulfur isotope compositions (δ34SCDT) of sulfides in all the stages range from 0.1‰ to 1.9‰ for pyrite, and −5.3‰ to 0.5‰ for galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite, where those in the stage 2 tend to have relatively lower values compared to those in the stages 1 and 3. The relatively narrow and close to zero δ34SCDT values suggest that the sulfur was mainly derived from a magma. The mineral assemblages of the stages 1, 2, and 3, and the sulfur fugacity (log fS2 = −12.5 to −8.8) and temperature (200–280°C) of ore formation based on the FeS mol%, electrum composition (at.%), and alteration mineral assemblage suggest that the Kematu deposit is of intermediate sulfidation type.
Non‐policy making: The case of comprehensive immigration reform, 2005–2006
Authors: Fernandes Devin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmigration policy reached the fore of the political agenda during the 109th Congress of 2005–2006, achieving near‐record levels of congressional committee attention. Literature on agenda setting typically portrays such attention spikes as evidence that the inertial forces of a status quo policy regime are losing the ability to keep the issue off the political agenda. Change may not necessarily follow, but from this perspective, opponents to change are in a vulnerable position. Yet, as this paper shows, opponents of immigration reform were the ones driving the flurry of committee activity. By demonstrating that opponents of policy change wielding agenda control can also leverage attention as a means of obstruction, the paper identifies a potential limit to using certain attention indicators as evidence of policy momentum. In the second part of the paper, I hypothesize conditions under which status quo defenders in Congress might abandon their negative agenda power. I argue that it is most likely when policy entrepreneurs elevate an issue with two or more unstable policy images that divide the majority party. The findings here offer further evidence of the congressional committee system's declining role in policy development and the intractability of immigration reform.
Covert carcerality for “high‐income cheap labor”: Indian tech workers in the United States
Authors: Roy Rianka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn racial capitalism, employers increase their profit by recruiting “cheap labor,” who are typically racialized minorities. States and employers govern these workers by carceral means, variously confining them, extracting their labor, and ensuring that they remain docile enough not to protest and demand better wages and rights. But how are workers—who draw high wages yet experience labor devaluation or “cheapening”—governed? Based on interviews and participant observation, I study Indian immigrant tech workers in the United States. To distinguish their class position, I characterize them as “high‐income cheap labor” and contend that these workers are governed by “covert carcerality”—where the material privilege of high income and documented migration make their labor devaluation by carceral means insidious. I identify three mechanisms of covert carcerality—neutral enclosures, informalization, and restricted family formation. The covert carcerality of high‐income cheap labor reveals the class‐based variations of carceral labor governance in neoliberal capitalism.
Wage Subsidy for Employers or Social Security for Low‐Paid Workers? The Impact of the Earnings Disregard Reform on the Use of Housing Allowance Among Workers in Different Industries in Finland
Authors: Halmetoja Antti , Mäkinen Niklas , Ojala Satu , Jauhiainen Signe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe longstanding aim of social security reforms in economically advanced countries has been to ensure that work is financially beneficial. In‐work benefits (IWB) have emerged as pivotal tools in achieving this objective. Earnings disregards, which exempt a portion of earned income from benefit calculations, represent one form of IWBs. This study focuses on Finland's general housing allowance, examining its use following the 2015 reform that introduced the earnings disregard. Using the total population registry of all single‐adult households from 2011 to 2018, we observed a significant rise in housing allowance recipients with earned income, underscoring the growing role of the allowance as an IWB. There was a notable increase in housing allowance recipients, particularly in low‐wage service sectors and industries marked by atypical employment patterns. Although IWBs contribute to low‐paid workers' earnings, the empirical findings raise the critical question of whether these benefits form wage subsidies that incentivise employers to further increase the use of low‐paid, non‐standard jobs.
Effects of Recess Depth and Orifice Diameter on Pneumatic Hammer Instability in Hydrostatic Thrust Bearings: Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Lim Homin , Kim Kyuman , Ryu Keun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hydrostatic thrust bearings (HTBs) are required in various turbomachinery systems due to their substantial load capacity and superior rotor axial positioning capabilities, which minimize friction and heat generation. However, when lubricated with compressible fluids, these bearings can experience pneumatic hammer instability especially if the recess volume is significant. This study aims to establish design guidelines and experimentally validate the performance of hydrostatic thrust bearings, with a focus on predicting and mitigating pneumatic hammer instability. The research includes an investigation into the static load characteristics of these bearings when operated with air as the lubricant. The analysis in this paper covers the effects of varying supply pressures, recess depths, and orifice diameters on pneumatic hammer instability, as well as on the load capacity, stiffness, and damping coefficients of the bearings. To validate these findings, experiments are conducted using two test bearings with differing recess depths and orifice diameters. The results from both predictive models and experimental data consistently show that a shallow recess depth is effective in preventing pneumatic hammer instability without notably diminishing the bearing load capacity. Nonetheless, modifying the orifice diameter to control pneumatic hammer instability requires careful design consideration, as it might lead to decreased load capacity and stiffness. This research addresses the challenge of preventing pneumatic hammer instability in hydrostatic thrust bearings through a combined approach of numerical analysis and experimental testing. It contributes significantly to the field by offering practical design recommendations for optimizing recess depth and orifice diameter. These guidelines aim to eliminate pneumatic hammer instability while preserving critical performance aspects of hydrostatic thrust bearings, such as load capacity and stiffness.
Analysis of High-Order Source Terms in Throughflow Solutions
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Jiancheng , Dai Yuchen , Jin Donghai , Gui Xingmin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Classical throughflow methodologies, due to their oversimplified assumptions regarding dimensionality reduction, result in a significant reliance on empirical inputs. This paper introduces a rigorous dimensionality reduction approach, building upon Adamczyk’s average-passage approach, wherein four averaging operators are incorporated into the Navier–Stokes equations. This method dispels the conventional assumptions of time averaging and passage periodicity inherent in primary equations, simultaneously addressing circumferential non-uniformity in the flow field through the inclusion of high-order source terms in the equations. The study employs a time-marching numerical method to solve the averaged equations and offers a comprehensive discussion on the influence and role of high-order source terms, derived from three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes results, in throughflow solutions. The transonic fan case’s results presented in this paper underscore the critical significance of high-order source terms in throughflow calculations, particularly concerning temporal and circumferential fluctuations. At the design point, considering temporal correlations reveals the wake recovery effect, resulting in a 3% increase in flow capacity, alongside heightened pressure ratio and efficiency. Conversely, incorporating circumferential correlations, intricately associated with steady flow structure, induces a 5% reduction in flow capacity, accompanied by a decrease in pressure ratio and efficiency. This paper advocates for the accurate modeling of high-order source terms and identifying computational error sources to improve the precision of throughflow solutions, though the actual modeling of these terms is not the focus of this paper.
Supplemental Material: Contourite-drift archive links Late Devonian bioevents with periodic anoxic shelf water cascading
Authors: Gibb M. Arwed , al. et 
Published: October 2024

<p>S1 (coordinates of investigated key sections shown in Fig. 1C), S2 (lithologies and facies associations [FA1–FA5] of the Eifelian to Frasnian carbonate deposits of the Tafilalt Platform), and S3 (facies types [F1–F9] and main sediment characteristics of the studied Givetian–Frasnian successions on the Tafilalt contourite terrace). </p>
Neurointerventional payment for out-of-network mechanical thrombectomy in the era of the No Surprises Act
Authors: Grossberg Jonathan A , Christensen Eric W , Milburn James M , Dabus Guilherme , Heller Richard E , Hirsch Joshua A 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCongress enacted the No Surprises Act (NSA) in 2021. The NSA relies on the ability for providers to appeal their out-of-network (OON) payment through an arbitration process known as Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR). This study was designed to evaluate the effective access to IDR for mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsThis study uses a simulation to model the likelihood that neurointerventionalists have financially viable access to the NSA IDR process to seek adequate payment for MT OON claims.ResultsWhen evaluating professional claims, for only batches of four or more claims, would the expected payment recovery exceed the expected IDR costs. For global claims (both professional and technical components), a batch size of two claims would be required for the expected payment recovery to exceed expected IDR costs.For the 1000 simulations at large MT centers (300 MT annually), there were no instances where it would have been financially viable to submit professional-only OON claims to the IDR process. For global claims, it would have been financially viable to submit to IDR for only 13.2% of these claims. For smaller stroke centers, there were also no instances where it would have been financially viable to submit professional-only claims. For global claims, it would have been financially viable for only 3.3–6.1% of claims.ConclusionsThe NSA process was designed to protect patients from unexpected bills following non-elective medical services. Given the emergent nature of many neuroendovascular cases and the lack of access to the IDR process as this model illustrates, the field is at risk for under-reimbursement due to NSA legislation.
Forefoot inflammation in recent-onset ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA: clinically similar, but different in underlying inflamed tissues
Authors: Ton Dennis A. , van Dijk Bastiaan T. , van Steenbergen Hanna W. , van der Helm - van Mil Annette H.M. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesAlthough joint swelling is traditionally interpreted as synovitis, recent imaging studies showed that there is also inflammation of tenosynovium and intermetatarsal bursae in the forefoot. We aimed to increase our understanding of differences and similarities regarding forefoot involvement between ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at diagnosis. Therefore, we (1) compared metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint counts, walking disabilities and inflamed tissues between ACPA groups and (2) studied associations of joint swelling/tenderness and walking disabilities with underlying inflamed tissues within ACPA groups.Methods171 ACPA-positive and 203 ACPA-negative consecutively diagnosed patients with RA had a physical joint examination (swollen joint count-66/tender joint count-68), filled a Health Assessment Questionnaire including the domain walking and underwent MRI of the MTP joints at diagnosis. Synovitis, tenosynovitis, osteitis and intermetatarsal bursitis (IMB) were assessed. Findings in age-matched healthy controls were applied to define abnormalities on MRI.ResultsWhile ACPA-negative RA patients had more swollen joints (mean SJC 8 vs 6 in ACPA-positives, p=0.003), the number of swollen MTP joints was similar (mean 1 in both groups); walking disabilities were also equally common (49% vs 53%). In contrast, inflamed tissues were all more prevalent in ACPA-positive compared with ACPA-negative RA. Within ACPA-positive RA, IMB was associated independently with MTP-joint swelling (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.0) and tenderness (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 5.0). While in ACPA-negatives, synovitis was associated independently with MTP-joint swelling (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.8) and tenderness (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.8). Tenosynovitis contributed most to walking disabilities.ConclusionsAlthough the forefoot of ACPA-positives and ACPA-negatives share clinical similarities at diagnosis, there are differences in underlying inflamed tissues. This reinforces that ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA are different entities.
Conservative Laparoscopic Approach for the Management of a 14‐Week Viable Ectopic Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Elbanna Wael , Azmy Osama 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a rare gynecological disorder that occurs at a rate of approximately 0.05% of pregnancies and less than 0.2% of cesarean scars. The ultimate goal in the management of CSEP cases is to remove pregnancy and reduce morbidity while preserving fertility. This case report highlights the successful application of a conservative laparoscopic approach in managing a 14‐week viable CSEP.Case Presentation: A 35‐year‐old multiparous woman (G8P5A2L5) with five previous cesarean sections and five normal healthy children presented to the clinic with a viable CSEP of 14 weeks of gestation as revealed by abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound examination. The decision for a conservative laparoscopic approach was made in light of the patient’s desire to preserve fertility.Intervention and outcome: The laparoscopic procedure included the following steps: extensive dissection of adhesions between the bladder and the uterus; identification of the ectopic pregnancy at the level of the lower segment; extraction of the product of conception in an endobag; and suturing of the lower segment defect. The successful execution of these steps resulted in the removal of the ectopic pregnancy while addressing associated structural concerns. This approach allowed for mitigating morbidity and, importantly, preserving the patient’s fertility.Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of a conservative laparoscopic approach for CSEP in the second trimester. Imaging techniques play a pivotal role in accurate diagnosis, with minimally invasive technologies offering effective solutions. Individualized, patient‐centered approaches are necessary to prioritize clinical outcomes and patient preferences.
Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8+ T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic options. Elevated nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and COX2 mediate immunosuppression and poor survival in these tumors. Therefore, the influence of tumor NOS2/COX2 on immune architecture was examined in 16 African American and five Caucasian estrogen receptor–negative tumors. Elevated tumor NOS2/COX2 limited CD8+ T-cell infiltration at 5-year survival. Distinct CD8+/−NOS2+/−COX2+/− phenotypes defining metastatic and cancer stem cell niches and immune desert regions were identified. These results were supported by an unbiased, unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction, incorporating spatial relations between cells and validated in a separate gene expression cohort using NOS2/CD8 and COX2/CD8 ratios. Additionally, elongated tumor cells were specifically in CD8−NOS2+COX2+ regions, suggesting metastatic hot spots. This work demonstrates predictive power of spatial analyses of CD8/NOS2/COX2 architecture and supports the use of clinically available NOS2/COX2 inhibitors for improved survival in patients with these aggressive tumors.

Significance:
This work identifies CD8−NOS2+COX2+ and CD8−NOS2−COX2+ unique cellular neighborhoods that drive the tumor immune spatial architecture of CD8+ T cells predictive of clinical outcome and can be targeted with clinically available NOS inhibitors and NSAIDs.
An Archaeology of Image Processing Tools: From the Optical Printer to the Sandin Image Processor
Authors: Lauritzen Kasper 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article employs a media archaeology framework to critically examine the evolution of image processing in film and video production. The author illustrates how different tools constitute distinct creative practices by comparing the optical printer and Dan Sandin’s Image Processor. Through detailed analysis of these machines, he challenges traditional narratives of technological progression, suggesting a more complex relationship between analog and digital media forms. The discussion extends to the implications of these tools in shaping film and video aesthetics and methodologies, urging a reconsideration of how technology influences artistic expression and perception in media.