bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary and analytic attitude: reflections on a summer holiday break
Authors: Wright Susanna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effect of a boundary in analytic work at the summer holiday break is discussed in relation to archetypal experiences of exclusion, loss and limitation. Some attempts by patients to mitigate an analyst's act of separation are reviewed as enactments, and in particular the meanings of a gift made by one patient. Analytic attitude towards enactment from within different schools of practice is sketched, with reference to the effect on the analyst of departing from the received practice of their own allegiance. A theory is adumbrated that the discomfort of ‘contravening the rules’ has a useful effect in sparking the analyst into consciousness, with greater attention to salient features in an individual case. Interpretation as an enactment is briefly considered, along with the possible effects of containing the discomfort of a patient's enactment in contrast to confronting it with interpretation.
Reviving Ossian's Female Corpses: Mourners and Warriors in The Poems of Ossian
Authors: Shields Juliet 
Published: May 2016

AbstractJames Macpherson's Ossian appealed strongly to eighteenth‐century female readers, writers and artists, but women constitute a kind of vanishing point in recent feminist readings of the poems. This essay aims to rectify this oversight by examining two of the poems’ most prominent female figures: the warrior and the mourner. In both roles Ossian's women participate in a long tradition of feminised representations of the nation. Many female warriors seek death in battle, and female mourners often kill themselves as a means of extinguishing their insufferable grief. Both mourners and warriors lead us back to the figure of the female corpse.
Ossian and Visual Art: Mislaid and Rediscovered
Authors: Macdonald Murdo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pioneering Ossian exhibitions held in Paris and Hamburg in 1974 focused on the response of northern European artists to James Macpherson's work. A broader perspective is considered here, which includes recent research on the Ossianic dimension of both the English landscape painter J. M. W. Turner and his close contemporary the Italian sculptor and graphic artist Luigi Zandomeneghi. A fresh view is taken of the importance to southern European artists of Cesarotti's translation of Ossian into Italian in 1763, and of the sustained influence in Italy of the image of Ossian attributed to the eighteenth‐century Scottish artist Alexander Runciman.
James Macpherson and His Contemporaries: The Methods and Networks of Collectors of Gaelic Poetry in Late Eighteenth‐Century Scotland
Authors: Henshaw Victoria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractJames Macpherson and his possible forgeries dominate the study of the collection, translation and publication of Gaelic poetry in mid‐ to late eighteenth‐century Scotland. This article will redress this through an examination of the correspondence of Jerome Stone, James McLagan, Donald MacNicol, John Stuart, John Smith and Joseph Macintyre, to determine whether a common practice existed among these collectors, and how it was decided and communicated. Macpherson's position within these factors is assessed to consider whether he acted in accordance with the practices of his contemporaries and to shed new light on his actions as a collector and translator.
Fingalian Topographies: Ossian and the Highland Tour, 1760‐1805
Authors: Leask Nigel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIf Ossian validated the Highland landscape for eighteenth‐century tourists, the landscape, in turn, seemed to authenticate poems whose authenticity never ceased to be doubted; but text and topography alike ran the risk of dissolving into insubstantiality. Many tourists cited ‘local tradition’ in order to embroider existing (or to invent new) Fingalian place‐names. Ranging over a wide variety of eighteenth‐century travel‐writers, this article casts new light on the relations between Ossian, travel‐writing and Highland topography. It concludes by discussing the ‘fieldwork’ tradition of Ossianic tourism after 1800, which sought out local tradition bearers, rather than attempting to authenticate Macpherson's ‘translations’.
When evidence is not enough: a case study on alcohol marketing legislation in Brazil
Authors: Vendrame Alan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsThis case study identifies the influence and mechanisms that the alcohol industry in Brazil has been able to bring to bear to maintain self‐regulation in the marketing of beer and many wines set against a trend of increasing alcohol consumption in Brazil, particularly among young people and women. It identifies the forms of power and strategies used by the alcohol industry in Brazil that may be useful for other countries to consider in seeking to move from self‐regulation to state regulation of alcohol marketing.MethodA review was conducted of recent legal documents and court cases, as well as the activities of alcoholic beverage industries.ResultsBecause of an exemption, Brazilian law had established that both beer and many wines are not alcoholic beverages for marketing purposes. These beverages are subjected to industry self‐regulation codes. Research shows that beer and wine marketing often violates industry codes, with little or no enforcement of penalties for non‐compliance. Attempts to include beer and wine in the legal definition of alcohol have been opposed by the alcohol industry, and the courts have delegated responsibility to the legislature. The recent legal activities surrounding alcohol sales during the 2014 World Cup games in Brazil provide evidence of the alcohol industry's influence on the legislative process.ConclusionThe alcohol industry in Brazil plays a significant role in the formulation of public policies on alcohol, especially regarding the regulation of marketing. This power is exercised by strong lobbying of government officials responsible for public policies.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I gene therapy increases hippocampal neurogenesis, astrocyte branching and improves spatial memory in female aging rats
Authors: Pardo Joaquín , Uriarte Maia , Cónsole Gloria M. , Reggiani Paula C. , Outeiro Tiago F. , Morel Gustavo R. , Goya Rodolfo G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn rats, learning and memory performance decline during aging, which makes this rodent species a suitable model to evaluate therapeutic strategies of potential value for correcting age‐related cognitive deficits. Some of these strategies involve neurotrophic factors like insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), a powerful neuroprotective molecule in the brain. Here, we implemented 18‐day long intracerebroventricular (ICV) IGF‐I gene therapy in 28 months old Sprague–Dawley female rats, and assessed spatial memory performance in the Barnes maze. We also studied hippocampal morphology using an unbiased stereological approach. Adenovectors expressing the gene for rat IGF‐I or the reporter DsRed were used. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken and IGF‐I levels determined by radioimmunoassay. At the end of the study, IGF‐I levels in the CSF were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the DsRed controls. After treatment, the IGF‐I group showed a significant improvement in spatial memory accuracy as compared with DsRed counterparts. In the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, the IGF‐I group showed a higher number of immature neurons than the DsRed controls. The treatment increased hippocampal astrocyte branching and reduced their number in the hippocampal stratum radiatum. We conclude that the ependymal route is an effective approach to increase CSF levels of IGF‐I and that this strategy improves the accuracy of spatial memory in aging rats. The favorable effect of the treatment on DG neurogenesis and astrocyte branching in the stratum radiatum may contribute to improving memory performance in aging rats.
Reliability of map accuracy assessments: A comment on Hunter et al. (2016)
Authors: Roff Adam , Lyons Mitchell , Jones Hugh , Thonell Jillian 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMap validation data that are ambiguously allocated to map units and collected via poorly designed sampling methods are not statistically reliable and will misrepresent map quality. A recent paper published in Ecological Management and Restoration (Ecological Management & Restoration, 17, 2016 and 40) reported that a map in south‐eastern Australia provided little or no predictive accuracy based on new field data, but the validation suffered from the aforementioned pitfalls. In this comment, we outline the basic guidelines for a robust, reliable and transparent accuracy assessment of thematic maps, pointing out where (Ecological Management & Restoration, 17, 2016 and 40) fails to meets these guidelines.
Reliability of map accuracy assessments: A reply to Roff et al. (2016)
Authors: Hunter John T. , Lechner Alex M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryRoff et al. (Ecological Management and Restoration, 17, 2016, 000) provide a discussion of the criteria expected for the best approach to validation of mapping programs and uses Hunter (Ecological Management & Restoration 17, 2016, 40) to highlight issues involved. While we support the general principles outlined, we note that the review does not apply the same standards to Sivertsen et al. (Greater Hunter Native Vegetation Mapping Geodatabase Guide (Version 4.0). Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, Australia, 2011), the original document critiqued by Hunter (Ecological Management & Restoration 17, 2016, 40). The Hunter (Ecological Management & Restoration 17, 2016, 40) validation was based on a larger sample size, greater sampling within mapping units and greater representation of landscapes than Sivertsen et al. (Greater Hunter Native Vegetation Mapping Geodatabase Guide (Version 4.0). Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, Australia, 2011). Survey and validation sites being placed along public roads and lands are common to both the general Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) and Hunter (Ecological Management & Restoration 17, 2016, 40) validation methodologies. Thus, the criticisms of Roff et al. (Ecological Management and Restoration, 17, 2016, 000) of the Hunter (Ecological Management & Restoration 17, 2016, 40) approach apply equally, if not more, to Sivertsen et al. (Greater Hunter Native Vegetation Mapping Geodatabase Guide (Version 4.0). Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, Australia, 2011). We outline in the article how the Roff et al. (Ecological Management and Restoration, 17, 2016, 000) critique was selective and in some cases incorrect in its analysis of issues presented in Hunter (Ecological Management & Restoration 17, 2016, 40) and did not apply the same criteria to their own work. We conclude by discussing future directions for validating and mapping vegetation communities.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication and ABO Genotype on Gastric Cancer Development
Authors: Oh Sooyeon , Kim Nayoung , Kwon Jin‐Won , Shin Cheol Min , Choi Yoon Jin , Lee Dong Ho , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundEvidence is lacking regarding how Helicobacter pylori infection status, eradication history, and ABO blood type affect the development of gastric cancer (GC) given the multifactorial and distinctive etiology according to cancer location (noncardia vs cardia) and histologic type (intestinal vs diffuse‐type). We evaluated the effect of H. pylori infection status incorporated with H. pylori eradication history and ABO genotype on GC development according to cancer location and histologic type.MethodsA case–control study of 997 patients with noncardia GC (NCGC) and 1147 control subjects was performed using risk analyses with 14 factors including H. pylori infection with eradication history and ABO genotype. As final analyses, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Additionally, H. pylori infection status with eradication history was tested for its association with age, atrophic gastritis (AG), and intestinal metaplasia (IM).ResultsThe ABO genotype with the B allele was associated with a significantly lower risk of NCGC of both histologic types. The reduction in risk for NCGC by adding the B allele was more prominent in diffuse‐type than that in the intestinal‐type. H. pylori infection with eradication history was associated with a significantly lower risk of NCGC of both histologic types, compared with those without eradication history (odds ratio (OR), 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14–0.34) approaching that of uninfected subjects. Past infection status without an eradication history was associated with older age, AG, and IM.ConclusionsH. pylori eradication and the B allele decreased the risks of the intestinal and diffuse‐types of NCGC. H. pylori eradication revealed a strong association against developing NCGC. Therefore, it should be considered as a primary measure in NCGC prevention.
Comparison of self‐determination of students with disabilities: multivariate and discriminant function analyses
Authors: Chou Y.‐C. , Palmer S. B. , Wehmeyer M. L. , Skorupski W. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐determined behaviour is composed of multiple, interrelated component elements, and yet little empirical study has researched the self‐determination components other than choice making and goal setting. Also, few theoretical relationships have been drawn between the component elements of self‐determined behaviour and the impact of disability category. Therefore, this study examined profiles of the combination of three self‐report measures of component elements of self‐determined behaviour (autonomous functioning, problem solving and internal locus of control) between two groups (ID and learning disabilities/emotional disorders).MethodWe analysed data from 96 middle school and high school students ages 13 through 22 years who completed three self‐report instruments of the Autonomy – section 1 of The Arc's Self‐determination Scale, the Problem Solving Survey and the Nowicki–Strickland Locus of Control Scale. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to investigate the differences between the two groups after controlling for the developmental effects of age. A discriminant function analysis examined whether membership of the two groups could be predicted from the three component elements.ResultsResults showed that each group had different profiles within the combined three component elements of self‐determination but groups were not different on any single measure of component elements of self‐determined behaviour exclusively. The combination of three variables was useful in confirming the membership of two dichotomous groups.ConclusionsScore differences on the three component behaviour imply that the two groups have different instructional needs and therefore require differentiated instructional approaches. The three measures of the component elements of self‐determined behaviour collectively separate the two groups, suggesting that the component elements should be considered in a combination as opposed to being treated as individual elements in the context of discussing self‐determined behaviour.
Fertilization triggers 11 yr of changes in community assembly in Mediterranean grassland
Authors: Gazol Antonio , Uria‐Diez Jaime , Elustondo David , Garrigó Jordi , Ibáñez Ricardo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuestionFertilization, i.e. nutrient addition, and changes in grazing intensity are important factors associated with global change that threaten grasslands worldwide. How does the plant community assembly in Mediterranean grasslands respond after 11 yr to a single fertilization event?LocationSpecies‐rich Mediterranean grassland, Navarra, northern Spain.MethodsIn 2003, 11 permanent plots were established in a Mediterranean grassland: six plots were fertilized and five were used as controls. Fertilization consisted in the addition of sewage sludge on the soil surface. Grazing was excluded during the course of the experiment. Changes in vegetation abundance were monitored from 2004 to 2014. In 2012, key plant functional traits (height, leaf area, SLA, LDMC) of the most frequent species were collected. We measured taxonomic and functional species composition and diversity. Niche overlap compared to null models was used to assess the mechanisms influencing community assembly.ResultsSpecies composition changed markedly in the fertilized plots. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in taxonomic diversity. One yr after starting the experiment there were no differences in functional composition (i.e. CWM trait values) between fertilized and control plots (excluding SLA), but 11 yr later fertilized plots were composed of taller plants with larger SLA and lower LDMC. We found a major reduction in niche overlap in plant height and SLA after fertilizing associated with a replacement in several species that could be indicative of competitive exclusion (principle of limiting similarity). Conversely, we found an increase in niche overlap in leaf area indicating that competition increases similarity among species (weaker competitor exclusion or abiotic filtering). At the end of the experiment, we found large differences in SLA and LDMC between fertilized and control plots.ConclusionsA single fertilization event that occurred 11 yr ago triggered a wave of changes in grassland community assembly that are still on‐going. Fertilization enhanced the establishment of taller species with larger leaf areas, which displaced, by competitive exclusion, the species that had previously been present. Community assembly patterns in Mediterranean grassland are highly sensitive to abrupt changes in resource availability.
Access to and characteristics of palliative care‐related hospitalization in the management of end‐stage renal disease patients on renal replacement therapy in France
Authors: Couchoud Cécile , Arnaud Del Bello , Lobbedez Thierry , Blanchard Sylvie , Chantrel François , Maurizi‐Balzan Jocelyne , Moranne Olivier ,   on behalf of the REIN registry
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimPalliative care is seldom proposed to patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) despite a mortality rate and disease burden as high as among cancer patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the access of palliative care‐related hospitalization in the management of patients on dialysis in France, by describing the characteristics of these hospitalizations, the clinical status of the concerned patients, and the use of palliative care in those stopping dialysis.MethodsThe French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry includes data about 51 834 patients aged 20 years and older who began dialysis from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013, and were followed longitudinally until that date. Linkage to the anonymized national hospital discharge database allowed us to analyse hospitalizations associated with palliative care.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 1865 patients (3.6%) had a palliative care‐related hospitalization corresponding to a total of 3382 hospitalizations. Lower levels of serum albumin, active cancer, and impaired mobility were each independently associated with the probability of at least one such hospitalization. During the same period 4540 patients withdrew from dialysis (9% of the patients), 10% of them had a palliative care‐related hospitalization.ConclusionThis study suggests that among ESRD patients, only a few resorted to palliative care‐related hospitalization, even those withdrawing from dialysis. Cooperation between nephrologists and physicians trained in palliative care should be improved at least to the extent necessary to identify patients who should be referred to palliative care. Our study also highlights the need for more information on the current access to any kind of supportive care for dialysis patients.
Neutrophils extracellular traps damage Naegleria fowleri trophozoites opsonized with human IgG
Authors: Contis‐Montes de Oca A. , Carrasco‐Yépez M. , Campos‐Rodríguez R. , Pacheco‐Yépez J. , Bonilla‐Lemus P. , Pérez‐López J. , Rojas‐Hernández S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryNaegleria fowleri infects humans through the nasal mucosa causing a disease in the central nervous system known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) play a critical role in the early phase of N. fowleri infection. Recently, a new biological defence mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been attracting attention. NETs are composed of nuclear DNA combined with histones and antibacterial proteins, and these structures are released from the cell to direct its antimicrobial attack. In this work, we evaluate the capacity of N. fowleri to induce the liberation of NETs by human PMN cells. Neutrophils were cocultured with unopsonized or IgG‐opsonized N. fowleri trophozoites. DNA, histone, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) were stained, and the formation of NETs was evaluated by confocal microscopy and by quantifying the levels of extracellular DNA. Our results showed N. fowleri induce the liberation of NETs including release of MPO and NE by human PMN cells as exposure interaction time is increased, but N. fowleri trophozoites evaded killing. However, when trophozoites were opsonized, they were susceptible to the neutrophils activity. Therefore, our study suggests that antibody‐mediated PMNs activation through NET formation may be crucial for antimicrobial responses against N. fowleri.
Platelet sequestration and activation during GalTKO.hCD46 pig lung perfusion by human blood is primarily mediated by GPIb, GPIIb/IIIa, and von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Burdorf Lars , Riner Andrea , Rybak Elana , Salles Isabelle I. , De Meyer Simon F. , Shah Aakash , Quinn Kevin J. , Harris Donald , Zhang Tianshu , Parsell Dawn , Ali Franchesca , Schwartz Evan , Kang Elizabeth , Cheng Xiangfei , Sievert Evelyn , Zhao Yuming , Braileanu Gheorghe , Phelps Carol J. , Ayares David L. , Deckmyn Hans , Pierson Richard N. , Azimzadeh Agnes M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundHere, we ask whether platelet GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa receptors modulate platelet sequestration and activation during GalTKO.hCD46 pig lung xenograft perfusion.MethodsGalTKO.hCD46 transgenic pig lungs were perfused with heparinized fresh human blood. Results from perfusions in which αGPIb Fab (6B4, 10 mg/l blood, n = 6), αGPIIb/IIIa Fab (ReoPro, 3.5 mg/l blood, n = 6), or both drugs (n = 4) were administered to the perfusate were compared to two additional groups in which the donor pig received 1‐desamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), 3 μg/kg (to pre‐deplete von Willebrand Factor (pVWF), the main GPIb ligand), with or without αGPIb (n = 6 each).ResultsPlatelet sequestration was significantly delayed in αGPIb, αGPIb+DDAVP, and αGPIb+αGPIIb/IIIa groups. Median lung “survival” was significantly longer (>240 vs. 162 min reference, p = 0.016), and platelet activation (as CD62P and βTG) were significantly inhibited, when pigs were pre‐treated with DDAVP, with or without αGPIb Fab treatment. Pulmonary vascular resistance rise was not significantly attenuated in any group, and was associated with residual thromboxane and histamine elaboration.ConclusionsThe GPIb‐VWF and GPIIb/IIIa axes play important roles in platelet sequestration and coagulation cascade activation during GalTKO.hCD46 lung xenograft injury. GPIb blockade significantly reduces platelet activation and delays platelet sequestration in this xenolung rejection model, an effect amplified by adding αGPIIb/IIIa blockade or depletion of VWF from pig lung.