bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo transcriptome assembly, development of EST-SSR markers and population genetic analyses for the desert biomass willow, Salix psammophila
Authors: Jia Huixia , Yang Haifeng , Sun Pei , Li Jianbo , Zhang Jin , Guo Yinghua , Han Xiaojiao , Zhang Guosheng , Lu Mengzhu , Hu Jianjun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSalix psammophila, a sandy shrub known as desert willow, is regarded as a potential biomass feedstock and plays an important role in maintaining local ecosystems. However, a lack of genomic data and efficient molecular markers limit the study of its population evolution and genetic breeding. In this study, chromosome counts, flow cytometry and SSR analyses indicated that S. psammophila is tetraploid. A total of 6,346 EST-SSRs were detected based on 71,458 de novo assembled unigenes from transcriptome data. Twenty-seven EST-SSR markers were developed to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of S. psammophila from eight natural populations in Northern China. High levels of genetic diversity (mean 10.63 alleles per locus; mean HE 0.689) were dectected in S. psammophila. The weak population structure and little genetic differentiation (pairwise FST = 0.006–0.016) were found among Population 1-Population 7 (Pop1-Pop7; Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi), but Pop8 (Ningxia) was clearly separated from Pop1-Pop7 and moderate differentiation (pairwise FST = 0.045–0.055) was detected between them, which may be influenced by local habitat conditions. Molecular variance analyses indicated that most of the genetic variation (94.27%) existed within populations. These results provide valuable genetic informations for natural resource conservation and breeding programme optimisation of S. psammophila.
PRKAR1A is a functional tumor suppressor inhibiting ERK/Snail/E-cadherin pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Shaoqiang , Cheng Yuanda , Zheng Yingying , He Zhiwei , Chen Wei , Zhou Wolong , Duan Chaojun , Zhang Chunfang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractProtein Kinase cAMP-Dependent Regulatory Type I Alpha (PRKAR1A) is a tissue-specific extinguisher that transduces a signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. Loss of PRKAR1A was frequently observed in endocrine neoplasia and stromal cell tumors. However, a few cases were seen in epithelial tumors. Previously, we first found that PRKAR1A was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Thus, the present study aimed to clarify its clinical implication and biological function as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma. The low levels of PRKAR1A transcript were correlated with tumor progression and poor overall survival. The re-expression of PRKAR1A in H1299 cells suppressed the tumor cell proliferation and migration; stable knockdown (KD) of PRKAR1A in A549 cells enhanced this function both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, KD of PRKAR1A in A549 cells promoted the statistical colonization of circulating tumor cells to the lungs in nude mice. These effects by PRKAR1A were attributed to inhibiting E-cadherin expression. Elevated E-cadherin significantly suppressed the PRKAR1A-KD induced cell proliferation and migration. Most notably, deletion of PRKAR1A inhibited E-cadherin by activating ERK/Snail signaling. In conclusion, PRKAR1A was a potent suppressor, and through the inhibition of PRKAR1A-ERK-Snail-E-cadherin axis could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Evaluating Treatment and Generalization Patterns of Two Theoretically Motivated Sentence Comprehension Therapies
Authors: Des Roches Carrie A. , Vallila-Rohter Sofia , Villard Sarah , Tripodis Yorghos , Caplan David , Kiran Swathi 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The current study examined treatment outcomes and generalization patterns following 2 sentence comprehension therapies: object manipulation (OM) and sentence-to-picture matching (SPM). Findings were interpreted within the framework of specific deficit and resource reduction accounts, which were extended in order to examine the nature of generalization following treatment of sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia.

Method

Forty-eight individuals with aphasia were enrolled in 1 of 8 potential treatment assignments that varied by task (OM, SPM), complexity of trained sentences (complex, simple), and syntactic movement (noun phrase,
wh
-movement). Comprehension of trained and untrained sentences was probed before and after treatment using stimuli that differed from the treatment stimuli.

Results
Linear mixed-model analyses demonstrated that, although both OM and SPM treatments were effective, OM resulted in greater improvement than SPM. Analyses of covariance revealed main effects of complexity in generalization; generalization from complex to simple linguistically related sentences was observed both across task and across movement.

Conclusions
Results are consistent with the complexity account of treatment efficacy, as generalization effects were consistently observed from complex to simpler structures. Furthermore, results provide support for resource reduction accounts that suggest that generalization can extend across linguistic boundaries, such as across movement type.
The Use of Electropalatography in the Treatment of Acquired Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Mauszycki Shannon C. , Wright Sandra , Dingus Nicole , Wambaugh Julie L. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This investigation was designed to examine the effects of an articulatory-kinematic treatment in conjunction with visual biofeedback (VBFB) via electropalatography (EPG) on the accuracy of articulation for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS).

Method
A multiple-baseline design across participants and behaviors was used with 4 individuals with chronic AOS and aphasia. Accuracy of target speech sounds in treated and untreated phrases in probe sessions served as the dependent variable. Participants received an articulatory-kinematic treatment in combination with VBFB, which was sequentially applied to 3 stimulus sets composed of 2-word phrases with a target speech sound for each set.

Results
Positive changes in articulatory accuracy were observed for participants for the majority of treated speech sounds. Also, there was generalization to untreated phrases for most trained speech sounds. Two participants had better long-term maintenance of treated speech sounds in both trained and untrained stimuli.

Conclusions
Findings indicate EPG may be a potential treatment tool for AOS. It appears that individuals with AOS can benefit from VBFB via EPG in improving articulatory accuracy. However, further research is needed to determine if VBFB is more advantageous than behavioral treatments that have been proven effective in improving speech production for speakers with AOS.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963547
The Effects of Sentence Repetition–Based Working Memory Treatment on Sentence Comprehension Abilities in Individuals With Aphasia
Authors: Eom Bora , Sung Jee Eun 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This study investigated whether sentence repetition–based working-memory (SR-WM) treatment increased sentence-repetition abilities and the treatment effects generalized to sentence-comprehension abilities, WM-span tasks, and general language-assessment tasks.

Method
Six individuals with aphasia participated in the study. The treatment consisted of 12 sessions of approximately 1 hr per day, 3 times per week. The SR-WM treatment protocol followed components including maintenance and computation of linguistic units by facilitating a chunking strategy. We manipulated the length and syntactic structures of the sentence-repetition stimuli using a limited set of vocabulary.

Results
Participants demonstrated significant increased repetition ability in treated and untreated sentences after treatment. Furthermore, they showed generalization effects on the sentence-comprehension task, WM measures, and general language tasks, but with some differential patterns, depending on task demands.

Conclusions
The SR-WM treatment approach, by manipulating syntactic structures and minimizing top-down semantic processing, elicited increased performance on sentence repetition as well as other linguistic domains. Results indicated that it is clinically and theoretically important to examine whether WM treatment serves as a potentially underlying treatment approach that facilitates the distributed network associated with language processing.
60 GHz low‐power LNA with high gm × Rout transconductor stages in 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Li Zhiqun , Wang Chong , Li Qin , Wang Zhigong 
Published: December 2016

This Letter presents a 60 GHz low power low noise amplifier (LNA) with high gm × Rout transconductor stages in a 65‐nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Different from the cascode and current‐reused common source–common source (CS–CS) structure, the new transconductor proposed in this Letter comprises a CS transistor whose DC current is shared by other two transistors. With this configuration, the equivalent transconductance, gm and output resistance, Rout of the transconductor are both high while its noise figure is deteriorated slightly comparing with CS structure, making it suitable for low‐power LNA circuits. From the measurement results, the LNA gets a gain of 13.4 ± 1.5 dB and 3‐dB bandwidth of 16.7 GHz (48–64.7 GHz). The average noise figure of the LNA is 6.1 dB with a power dissipation of 9.6 mW under 1 V power supply.
Origin of CH+ in diffuse molecular clouds
Authors: Valdivia Valeska , Godard Benjamin , Hennebelle Patrick , Gerin Maryvonne , Lesaffre Pierre , Le Bourlot Jacques 
Published: December 2016

Context. Molecular clouds are known to be magnetised and to display a turbulent and complex structure where warm and cold phases are interwoven. The turbulent motions within molecular clouds transport molecules, and the presence of magnetic fields induces a relative velocity between neutrals and ions known as the ion-neutral drift (vd). These effects all together can influence the chemical evolution of the clouds.
Aims. This paper assesses the roles of two physical phenomena which have previously been invoked to boost the production of CH+ under realistic physical conditions: the presence of warm H2 and the increased formation rate due to the ion-neutral drift.
Methods. We performed ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations that include the heating and cooling of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), and where we treat dynamically the formation of the H2 molecule. In a post-processing step we compute the abundances of species at chemical equilibrium using a solver that we developed. The solver uses the physical conditions of the gas as input parameters, and can also prescribe the H2 fraction if needed. We validate our approach by showing that the H2 molecule generally has a much longer chemical evolution timescale compared to the other species.
Results. We show that CH+ is efficiently formed at the edge of clumps, in regions where the H2 fraction is low (0.3−30%) but nevertheless higher than its equilibrium value, and where the gas temperature is high (≳ 300 K). We show that warm and out of equilibrium H2 increases the integrated column densities of CH+ by one order of magnitude up to values still ~ 3−10 times lower than those observed in the diffuse ISM. We balance the Lorentz force with the ion-neutral drag to estimate the ion-drift velocities from our ideal MHD simulations. We find that the ion-neutral drift velocity distribution peaks around ~ 0.04 km s-1, and that high drift velocities are too rare to have a significant statistical impact on the abundances of CH+. Compared to previous works, our multiphase simulations reduce the spread in vd, and our self-consistent treatment of the ionisation leads to much reduced vd. Nevertheless, our resolution study shows that this velocity distribution is not converged: the ion-neutral drift has a higher impact on CH+ at higher resolution. On the other hand, our ideal MHD simulations do not include ambipolar diffusion, which would yield lower drift velocities.
Conclusions. Within these limitations, we conclude that warm H2 is a key ingredient in the efficient formation of CH+ and that the ambipolar diffusion has very little influence on the abundance of CH+, mainly due to the small drift velocities obtained. However, we point out that small-scale processes and other non-thermal processes not included in our MHD simulation may be of crucial importance, and higher resolution studies with better controlled dissipation processes are needed.
Perception of Noise Pollution in a Youth and Adults School in Curitiba-PR
Authors: Borges Filho Orlando , Ribas Angela , Gonçalves Claudia , Lacerda Adriana , Riesemberg Renato , Klagenberg Karlin 
Published: December 2016

Introduction Nowadays noise remains the third largest cause of environmental pollution on Earth. It appears that despite the existing noise control legislation the issue deserves further supervision by the public authorities so that the ceilings established for the various activities are observed. People exposed to noise are more likely to develop numerous auditory and non-auditory problems directly impacting persona family and working life.
Objectives The objective of this study is to research and consequently understand how the population of students of a youth and adult school in Curitiba perceives noise pollution as well as look into the actions that the school adopts in order to guide the students on the topic.
Method We applied a structured questionnaire to 120 individuals and assessed the following variables: characterization of the place of residence occupation leisure health and perception of soundscapes. We also applied a closed questionnaire about educational actions for noise pollution to the school's geography teacher.
Results Questionnaire responses show that people perceive noise in the most diverse environments they frequent and are able to identify the source of the noise but this perception proved fragile as the majority does not take measures to prevent or mitigate these noises. At school there are no actions aimed at environmental education on the subject studied.
Conclusion The studied group does not perceive the noise as a harmful agent and does not prevent themselves from it and the school not work contents related to noise pollution leaving a significant gap in the awareness process of this population.
Sonographic Cervical Shortening after Labor Induction is a Predictor of Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Indraccolo Ugo , Scutiero Gennaro , Greco Pantaleo 
Published: December 2016

Objective Analyzing if the sonographic evaluation of the cervix (cervical shortening) is a prognostic marker for vaginal delivery.
Methods Women who underwent labor induction by using dinoprostone were enrolled. Before the induction and three hours after it, the cervical length was measured by ultrasonography to obtain the cervical shortening. The cervical shortening was introduced in logistic regression models among independent variables and for calculating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results Each centimeter in the cervical shortening increases the odds of vaginal delivery in 24.4% within 6 hours; in 16.1% within 24 hours; and in 10.5% within 48 hours. The best predictions for vaginal delivery are achieved for births within 6 and 24 hours, while the cervical shortening poorly predicts vaginal delivery within 48 hours.
Conclusion The greater the cervical shortening 3 hours after labor induction, the higher the likelihood of vaginal delivery within 6, 24 and 48 hours.
Common and heritable components of white matter microstructure predict cognitive function at 1 and 2 y
Authors: Lee Seung Jae , Steiner Rachel J. , Yu Yang , Short Sarah J. , Neale Michael C. , Styner Martin Andreas , Zhu Hongtu , Gilmore John H. 
Published: December 2016

SignificanceThe integrity or microstructure of white matter as determined by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is related to cognitive function. Most studies focus on individual tracts, even though the microstructure of white matter tracts throughout the brain is highly correlated. In older adults, a common property of white matter predicts cognitive function, though it is not known if common factors are present in early childhood development or how they relate to cognitive function. Here, we found that DTI-based common underlying factors that emerge at this age are significantly related to cognitive abilities from birth to age 2 y. These findings indicate that the functional specialization of cognition and the anatomical differentiation of fibers cooccur in the neonatal and infant brain.
Genetic risk for obesity predicts nucleus accumbens size and responsivity to real-world food cues
Authors: Rapuano Kristina M. , Zieselman Amanda L. , Kelley William M. , Sargent James D. , Heatherton Todd F. , Gilbert-Diamond Diane 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Genetic predisposition and sensitivity to environmental cues jointly give rise to maladaptive human behaviors, such as unhealthy eating. Despite the dramatic rise in obesity rates, the relationship between these factors is not well understood. Here we show that children genetically at risk for obesity exhibit stronger reward-related responses to real-world food cues (i.e., food advertisements) in the nucleus accumbens, a brain area canonically associated with reward processing. Additionally, this structure is larger in children at a higher risk for obesity. Taken together, these findings offer one explanation for how genetic risk for obesity may predispose individuals to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors and may inform strategies targeting early intervention.
Hierarchy stability moderates the effect of status on stress and performance in humans
Authors: Knight Erik L. , Mehta Pranjal H. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
High-status leadership roles are theorized to reduce stress compared with subordinate roles, but higher rank is not always stress-free. Here we demonstrate that high status inhibits stress responses and improves performance during a mock interview in a stable hierarchy, but high status boosts stress responses and carries no performance advantage in an unstable hierarchy. Feeling in control was an asset for interview performance, but increased testosterone reactivity was a liability. These findings have applications for improving outcomes in stressful evaluative settings, such as job interviews, and may hold translational implications for the influence of status on health.
Astrocyte-derived interleukin-15 exacerbates ischemic brain injury via propagation of cellular immunity
Authors: Li Minshu , Li Zhiguo , Yao Yang , Jin Wei-Na , Wood Kristofer , Liu Qiang , Shi Fu-Dong , Hao Junwei 
Published: December 2016

SignificanceIschemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Evidence indicates the detrimental effects of lymphocyte infiltration into the ischemic brain. However, a knowledge gap exists relating to the brain-specific cellular constituents and environmental factors that dictate the phenotype and function of infiltrating lymphocytes. Astrocytes bridge interactions between ischemic neurons and lymphocytes. We show that brain ischemia induces robust up-regulation of astrocytic interleukin-15 (IL-15). The present study was directed toward understanding the role of astrocyte-derived factors such as IL-15 in stroke. We discovered that astrocytic IL-15 is necessary and sufficient to amplify cell-mediated immune responses that promote ischemic brain injury. These results provide definitive evidence on the role of astrocyte-derived IL-15 in ischemic brain injury.
Automatic design of fiber-reinforced soft actuators for trajectory matching
Authors: Connolly Fionnuala , Walsh Conor J. , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Fluid-powered elastomeric soft robots have been shown to be able to generate complex output motion using a simple control input such as pressurization of a working fluid. This capability, which mimics similar functions often found in biology, results from variations in mechanical properties of the soft robotic body that cause it to strain to different degrees when stress is applied with the fluid. In this work, we outline a mechanics- and optimization-based approach that enables the automatic selection of mechanical properties of a fiber-reinforced soft actuator to match the kinematic trajectory of the fingers or thumb during a grasping operation. This methodology can be readily extended to other applications that require mimicking or assisting biological motions.
Ownership of an artificial limb induced by electrical brain stimulation
Authors: Collins Kelly L. , Guterstam Arvid , Cronin Jeneva , Olson Jared D. , Ehrsson H. Henrik , Ojemann Jeffrey G. 
Published: December 2016

SignificanceCreating a prosthetic device that feels like one’s own limb is a major challenge in applied neuroscience. We show that ownership of an artificial hand can be induced via electrical stimulation of the hand somatosensory cortex in synchrony with touches applied to a prosthetic hand in full view. These findings suggest that the human brain can integrate “natural” visual input and direct cortical-somatosensory stimulation to create the multisensory perception that an artificial limb belongs to one’s own body.
Triazoles inhibit cholesterol export from lysosomes by binding to NPC1
Authors: Trinh Michael N. , Lu Feiran , Li Xiaochun , Das Akash , Liang Qiren , De Brabander Jef K. , Brown Michael S. , Goldstein Joseph L. 
Published: December 2016

SignificanceIn animal cells, cholesterol is essential for the assembly of membranes and production of steroid hormones and bile acids. Cells obtain cholesterol through receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL into lysosomes. After lysosomal degradation, LDL-derived cholesterol must cross the lysosomal membrane to execute its functions. Lysosomal export is mediated by Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1), a membrane protein. Here we show that the triazole drugs posaconazole and itraconazole inhibit lysosomal cholesterol export. A photoactivatable derivative of posaconazole cross-links to NPC1 in intact cells and to purified NPC1 in lipid nanodiscs. A point mutation in the membrane domain of NPC1 prevents lysosomal export of cholesterol and blocks posaconazole cross-linking.
Growth and Maturation of Acadian Redfish in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Sullivan Kevin M. , Duclos Kristin L. , Parker Steven J. , Berlinsky David L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Acadian Redfish Sebastes fasciatus were captured by otter trawl from inshore and offshore sites in the Gulf of Maine. Fish weights and lengths were recorded, sagittal annuli were counted for age determination, and ovarian histology was conducted to develop ogives for length and age at maturity for females. Maximum observed ages of males and females were 25 and 37 years, respectively, but very few males greater than 21 years and females greater than 25 years of age were observed. Growth functions were significantly different between males and females, and similar growth rates (k) but higher maximum length (L∞) and lower t0 values were observed in females. Mature female Acadian Redfish ranged in length and age from 17 to 39 cm and from 4 to 37 years, respectively, attaining 100% maturity at ~26 cm and ~10 years. Median length at maturity (L50) was 21.7 cm and median age at maturity (A50) was 6.6 years. Smaller, immature fish were primarily sampled from inshore locations. The results of this study were very similar to previous data from a depleted Acadian Redfish population in the Gulf of Maine from 1975 to 1980, suggesting that these population parameters have not changed despite population recovery.
Received March 16, 2016; accepted September 12, 2016Published online December 20, 2016