bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract No.: ABS3115: Effect of sevoflurane vs desflurane on blood glucose level in patients undergoing intracranial neurosurgery: A randomised control study
Authors: Kaushal Ashutosh 
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:
Patients undergoing neurosurgery are prone to neurological damage due to the anaerobic metabolism of blood glucose. In this study we aimed to to compare the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on blood glucose levels in patients undergoing intracranial surgery.

Methods:
All consenting patients of either gender 18-65 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I & II scheduled for intracranial surgery under sevoflurane or desflurane maintenance anaesthesia were included. Patients suffering from diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, renal or hepatic disease, on steroids, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents, pregnant or lactating patients, chronic alcoholic patients, and non-consenting patients were excluded from the study. The enrolled patients were randomised in the sevoflurane and desflurane groups. The periodic glucose level was measured hourly after induction until completion of surgery using the glucose oxidase peroxidase method.

Results:
A total of 70 patients was included in the study. Both sevoflurane and desflurane when used as maintenance anaesthetics cause changes in blood sugar levels. Sevoflurane causes a gradual increase in blood sugar intraoperatively whereas desflurane causes an initial rise in blood sugar followed by a decline in blood sugar level in euglycemic patients. There was a significant difference in the trend of blood sugar (mg/dL) over time between the two groups (p =<0.001).

Conclusion:
The changes in blood sugar level by both agents were statistically significant but clinically insignificant as the values remained within clinically normal range and there were no episodes of hypo or hyperglycaemia.
Abstract No. : ABS3541: A comparative study to confirm the endotracheal tube placement using ultrasonography and standard auscultation method inchildren
Authors: Sinha Neha 
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:
In paediatric patients, due to shorter trachea, suboptimal positioning of endotracheal tube (ETT) is seen in 20-50% of patients triggering grave complications. We compared standard auscultation and ultrasound-guided lung sliding to confirmposition of ETT in children.

Methods:
75 paediatric patients between 2-8 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were studied. Position of ETT was confirmed by chest auscultation for the breath sounds bilaterally and by ultrasound on same sites for lung-sliding sign. The data obtained were compared to findings on waveform capnography. Study outcomes included position of the ETT; tracheal or oesophageal, accuracy and time taken till confirmingthe diagnosis.

Results:
Compared to waveform capnography findings, ultrasound revealed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 41.7% while that for standard auscultation were 72.86% and 100% respectively. The mean time taken for confirmation of ETT position by auscultation was 32.38±6.2s and was significantly lower (p=0.001s) than the ultrasonography time of 136.8±7s. However, ultrasonography findings were 90.7% accurate which was significantly higher than 74.7% accuracy of auscultation.

JOURNAL/ijana/04.03/01762628-202203001-00039/inline-graphic1/v/2022-09-30T091728Z/r/image-tiff

Conclusion:
Confirmation of ETT position using ultrasonography or waveform capnography is essential because of high false results using standard auscultation alone. Ultrasound-guided lung sliding method is a simple and accurate method used for detectingtube malposition.
Abstract No. : ABS3624: Comparison of monitored anaesthesia care using dexmedetomidine with spinal anaesthesia using ropivacaine in day care varicose vein surgery
Authors: NannamSpandana  
Published: September 2024

Background &Aims:
The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of monitored anaesthesia care(MAC)using dexmedetomidine with spinal anaesthesia(SA) using ropivacaine in day care varicose vein surgery in terms of patient satisfaction and postoperative ambulatory and discharge time.

Methods:
64 patients who underwent varicose vein surgery were randomly divided into two groups.GROUP I MAC(n=32) GROUP II SA(n=32).In the MAC group, a loading dose of 1µg/kg dexmedetomidine was administered followed by 0.6µg/kg/min maintainance infusion which was then titrated according to sedation. Fentanyl was given as rescue anagesia. In the SA group ,SAwas given with 10mg of 0.5 % ropivacaine by a median/paramedian approach in L3/L4 interspace with 25G Quincke spinal needle. Patient’s satisfaction to anaesthesia and post operative ambulatory time and discharge time were recorded.

Results:
Significantly higher verbal numerical rating scale for patient’s satisfaction to anaesthesia’ was observed in patients of Group I as compared to Group II. Ambulatory time was significantly earlier in Group I as compared to Group II .Range of ambulatory time in Group I was 2 to 5 hours while that in Group II was 4 to 6:30 hours . Group I patients were discharged earlier than Group II though significant differences were not found.

Conclusion:
Monitored anaesthesia care using dexmedetomidine with fentanyl as rescue analgesia isa better alternative for day care varicose vein surgery due to its association with better patient satisfaction and early ambulatory time and early discharge compared to spinal anaesthesia using ropivacaine.
CAUSES OF BLINDNESS AMONG CHILDREN IN BLIND HOME OF NORTH BIHAR - AN ANALYSIS FOR BURDEN REDUCTION
Authors: Elango Haarish , Nisha Lucy , Shahnawaz Asif , Jha Alka 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To assess causes of Blindness/ Severe Visual Impairment/ Moderate Visual Impairment among Children living in Blind home of North Bihar.

Methods:
Study was conducted during 2020-21 at a Blind home of North Bihar. 60 SVI/BL children were included. History of blindness was taken, ophthalmological Examination with Torch light and Slit Lamp Examination followed by Fundus exam was done. The anatomical sites and etiology for SVI/BL were recorded using the WHO-Prevention of Blindness reporting form.

Results:
According to WHO criteria,60% were blind,10% had SVI, 6% had moderate visual impairment and 24% had no visual impairment. Among 60 blind children most common sites of SVI/BL were whole globe-18 and cornea-12, followed by uvea- 5, retinal disorders- 4, lens- 3, optic nerve-2 and others (amblyopia- 1).

Conclusion:
Study shows 24% of paediatric blindness is avoidable. With availability of proper healthcare facilities, trend is changing from corneal causes to whole globe abnormalities but still a lot of effort in form of timely neonatal eye care facilities, paediatric surgical services and proper refraction strategies are required.
A CASE REPORT ON NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 IN CHILDREN
Authors: Kumar Amrendra , Anjula  , Bharti Paramveer , Poonam  , Ambastha Anita , Bhaskar Gyan 
Published: September 2024

Neurofibromatosis1 is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder occurs due to mutation of NF1 gene on chromosome 172. It affects 1 in 3000 births.There is no sex or racial predilection. It is a multiorgan disease affecting nervous system ,skin and bones. Most cases with NF1 develop hyperpigmented cutaneous macule (café au lait macules),skinfold freckling,lisch nodules and dermal neurofibroma1
Here, we present a case of 4 year old boys with NF1. He was seen by many ophthalmologist outside and was diagnosed with congenital ptosis and reffered to our institute for ptosis management. Ptosis and deterioration of vision is an uncommon presentation.He presented with multiple cutaneous macules,plexiform neurofibroma, ptosis and sphenoid wing dysplasia on imaging. Here, we present a cse report on neurofibrmatosis(NF1) in a four year old child presenting in this mode.
The diagnosis of NF1 was made according to the diagnostic criteria laid by National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference1.
Awareness and Education of Medical Students toward Artificial Intelligence and Radiology
Authors: Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Srivastava Akash 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is focused on understanding the essence of human intelligence and developing smart artifacts that can perform the tasks that intelligence is said to entail when performed by humans.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to understand medical students views, understanding and level of confidence in working on AI and explore if AI influences their career intentions with specific regard to radiology.

Settings and Design:
401 medical students of two medical colleges were included.

Subjects and Methods:
Four and one medical students of two medical colleges were included to complete an anonymous electronic survey consisting of Likert and dichotomous questions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was performed with simple descriptive statistics in frequency and percentages.

Results:
In this study, 89.11% was the response rate of participants and majority (30.9%) of medical students strongly agreed about the awareness of AI. Nearly 36.3% of the medical students disagreed that they were less likely to consider a career in radiology due to AI. Around 29% of medical students strongly agreed for the scope of integration of AI in medical education of India.

Conclusions:
Medical students recognize the significance of AI and are eager to get involved. AI medical college curriculum should be broadened and upgraded. Students must be provided with practical use cases and drawbacks of AI so that they may not feel discouraged from pursuing radiology.
Effect of Different Manufacturing Techniques on Color in Zirconia-Based All Ceramics
Authors: Uğur Mehmet , Kavut Idris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different veneering techniques on the color, translucency, of zirconia-based systems.

Materials and Methods:
Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12): layering (L), pressing (P), and computed aided design (CAD)-on (CO). Group L was veneered with nano-fluorapatite veneering ceramic. Group P was heat pressed with fluorapatite glass-ceramic ingots. Group CO the veneering ceramics were designed with and milled from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic blocks in CAD/computed aided manufacturing unit. Color parameters (L* a* b*) were measured with a spectrophotometer and color difference (ΔE), and translucency parameter (TP) properties were calculated. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05).

Results:
There were significant differences between the ΔE of the groups (P < 0.05). The highest value was observed in the L group (ΔE = 4.17 ± 0.98); the lowest value was observed in the P group (ΔE = 2.08 ± 0.54). There were significant differences between the TP values of the groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Optical properties of the zirconia-based systems are greatly affected by the fabrication techniques.
Impact of Social Media on the Knowledge Regarding Oral Health Practices and COVID-19 Preventive Measures among Children
Authors: Vudata Usha Kiran , Vanga Narsimha Rao V. , Pandranki Jayalakshmi 
Published: September 2024

Background:
There has been a concerning escalation in oral health problems worldwide. More than half of Indian children are affected by dental diseases. Although several oral health education programs are being implemented at national and regional levels, the goal of optimal oral health seems elusive. During the recent COVID-19 outbreak and the ensuing global lockdown, social media played a key role in disseminating crucial information about the novel coronavirus, leading to appropriate protocols being followed by a vast majority of the population, resulting in the containment of the pandemic.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge among children about oral hygiene practices and compare them with knowledge regarding COVID-19 preventive measures in view of the role played by social media.

Subjects and Methods:
An online questionnaire survey was conducted among children aged 10–15 years.

Results:
A total of 177 children responded to the questionnaire. The results showed that all the participants (100%) followed the correct method of wearing a mask during the COVID-19 pandemic, as advised by social media. More than half of the children (61%) had knowledge about the handwash protocol. Contrarily, only 33% of children brushed their teeth twice a day, 51% of children brushed for 2–3 min, 68% of children had a snacking habit, and only 7.3% of children were aware of the process to be followed in the event of tooth avulsion due to dentofacial trauma.

Conclusion:
Children are sensitized to information regarding COVID-19 safety measures and therefore followed them better than oral hygiene practices.
Assessment of Quality of Life for Oral Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Treatment at a Government Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sharma Kopal , Neemawat Kanu , Sharma Amit 
Published: September 2024

Objectives:
Quality of life (QOL) is a valuable prognostic indicator of survival in cancer patients. It further aids the health-care professionals to cater to patient needs. This study aimed to estimate longitudinally the changes in the QOL of oral cancer patients in early and late stages and receiving chemotherapy treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study conducted with 400 oral cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment at a government tertiary care cancer hospital in Jaipur city. QOL for each patient was measured before treatment, after 6 months, and 1 year posttreatment using the instrument Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck version 4. Statistical analysis was conducted with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 17.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). For all the analyses, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A statistically significant difference in the mean score for physical (P < 0.0001), social (P < 0.0001), and functional (P = 0.001) well-being was recorded for early- and late-stage cancer patients at baseline. Only emotional (0.03) and social (0.04) well-being showed a significant improvement for late-stage cancer patients in contrast to early-stage patients where all QOL subscores improved longitudinally.

Conclusion:
Early-stage disease is associated with better QOL. Chemotherapy treatment could improve only emotional and social well-being parameters in late-stage disease patients. QOL studies can be fruitful clinical endpoint and should be inculcated in the framework of various tertiary care centers.
The Perceptions of II MBBS Students toward Flipped Classroom as an Active Method of Learning
Authors: Vaddatti Tejeswini , Chaitra. B , Renuka I. V. , Potti Ramya 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
With the advent of competency-based medical education, self-directed learning and student-centric approach have been emphasized. The flipped classroom (FC) is a learning design which encourages active involvement of students. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and perceptions of FC among II MBBS students.

Materials and Methods:
This was an interventional study done on II MBBS students. The study material on a topic was provided to all participants 1 week before interaction and assessment sessions. The perception of students was assessed by a standard validated questionnaire with Likert scale and open-ended questions. The knowledge gained was assessed by a total of 10 multiple-choice questions, 5 each from topics covered by FC and traditional method and scores analyses by unpaired t-test among high and low achievers and between two methods.

Results:
A total of 103 students were included in the study. In this study majority of students felt that flipped classroom was more engaging, motivating and increased communication. This method was also flexible they could go through the course according to their own pace and helped in improving learning. The overall rating of FC was 60.83%. The mean scores in topics delivered by FC (2.05 ± 1.17) were higher than that of traditional didactic lecture (1.46 ± 1.02) and P = 0.0001 was statistically significant and also among high achievers (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that majority of students perceived FC as an effective strategy for learning and test scores of students were higher with FC than with traditional lecture and also in high achievers compared to low achievers.
The flare up of immune-mediated inflammatory dermatoses during COVID-19 pandemic—a cross sectional study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mohanasundari P.S. , Kumar Mani S. , Anandan V. , Sowmiya R. , Rajee Saranya 
Published: September 2024

Background and aim
COVID-19 disease raises many critical issues in dermatology and dermatological care. Addressing these issues is necessary, yet also challenging, because there are only a few direct data available. We attempted a study to provide a better understanding regarding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the course and management of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A Questionnaire based study was conducted on patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases started on immunosuppressant therapy before COVID period and questioned regarding the treatment taken for skin disease, follow up, COVID-19 infection and vaccination status, flare up of skin disease, management of the disease flare up. The data collected are tabulated and analyzed in epi-info software/MS excel.

Result
Among 500 patients, 462 (92.4%) discontinued the treatment which was mainly due to their inability to reach the hospital (99.5%) and remaining 0.5% were afraid of taking immune suppressants during pandemic. 385 (83.3%) of 462 patients who discontinued the drug had disease flare up. 75 (15%) out of 500 patients turned COVID–19 positive. 50 (66.6%) out of 75 COVID-19 (+) patients developed disease flare up. 293 (58.6%) out of 500 patients were vaccinated, among which 12 patients (4%) had flare up.

Conclusion
COVID-19 infection as well as vaccination has both direct and indirect influence in disease progression/flare up of preexisting inflammatory dermatoses. Knowledge regarding the course and management of chronic inflammatory skin conditions during this pandemic helps in providing better quality of life.
Inflammatory biomarkers and clinical adverse effects associated with Isotretinoin treatment: A prospective study
Authors: Nofal Ahmad Abdel-Gawad , Hussein Ghada H. , Ahmed Noha , Ibrahim Al shimaa M. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Isotretinoin is considered now one of the most important drugs in the treatment of different dermatological diseases. However, different body systems can be affected during the treatment due to isotretinoin induced apoptosis.

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical adverse effects and laboratory changes associated with isotretinoin used in the treatment of different dermatological diseases.

Methods
73 patients on isotretinoin treatment fulfilled a questionnaire about side effects associated with isotretinoin. Complete blood count (CBC), fasting lipid profile, liver enzymes, and the inflammatory markers Monocytes/HDL ratio (MHR), Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), and Platelets/lymphocyte ratios (PLR) were assessed before treatment and monthly during the treatment period.

Results
The commonest adverse effects were related to dryness of skin and mucus membrane. 32.9% complained of myalgia and 12.3% arthralgia. Headache was reported in 13.7%, mood alteration in 11%, and insomnia in 12.3%. 24.5% of studied females reported menstrual irregularities. There were no statistically significant changes in CBC. TG, cholesterol, AST, ALT, and MHR significantly increased while HDL, NLR and PLR ratios significantly decreased after isotretinoin treatment. Conclusion: isotretinoin affects different body systems by side effects that are reversible in most instances; however, some of them are serious and need regular monitoring especially in high- risk patients.
Current Trends in Metabolic Evaluation of Patients with Urinary Tract Lithiasis
Authors: Zarkadas Anastasios , Bozios Dimitrios , Konstantinopoulos Vassileios , Tsiakoulias Eleftherios , Safioleas Konstantinos , Filios Athanasios , Rodinos Evaggelos , Mitiliniou Despoina , Kallinikas Georgios , Filios Panagiots , Vlassopoulos Gerasimos , Gerzelis Ioannis , Kozyrakis Diomidis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Urolithiasis is one of the most frequent disorders of the urinary tract with a high prevalence among the general population. The etiology is multifactorial and is related primarily with, race, age, gender, occupation, hygienic-dietetic issues, lifestyle factors, geographic and climatic aspects, hereditariness, and metabolic changes. Therefore, for prevention of the disease, the metabolic causes responsible for stone formation should be addressed before and particularly after treatment. Key point for the metabolic evaluation is to perform stone analysis and to classify patients into low- and high-risk group. In low-risk patients, basic metabolic evaluation is proposed comprising basic urine and blood tests. Spot urinalysis should include red cells, white blood cells, nitrite, urine pH, urine microscopy, and culture if indicated. Basic blood testing includes blood cell count, creatinine, uric acid, ionized calcium, sodium, potassium, and C-reactive protein if indicated. In high-risk stone formers, apart from the basic workup, analysis of two 24-h urine samples should be examined for evaluation of the total urine volume as well as the concentration of creatinine, calcium, phosphate, oxalate, urea nitrogen, uric acid, citrate, magnesium, sodium, and if indicated of cystine. Further examination should be based on the composition of stone. The follow-up of stone formers is still matter of debate, but most experts agree that the follow-up should be individualized according to stones composition, the underlying metabolic cause, and the treatment that has been offered.