bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lid Papillae Improvement with Hydrogen Peroxide Lens Care Solution Use
Authors: Lievens Christopher W. , Kannarr Shane , Zoota Lisa , Lemp Jessie 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To assess changes in lid papillae and symptoms after use of a hydrogen peroxide–containing solution (H2O2) for 3 months by symptomatic contact lens wearers.

Methods
This randomized, controlled, investigator-masked, parallel group study enrolled symptomatic lens wearers with at least mild lid papillae who habitually used a biguanide-preserved multipurpose solution (BMPS). Subjects were randomized to habitual BMPS or H2O2 for 3 months to care for their lenses. Lid papillae severity (0–4) was graded in four zones of each eye at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 days. Subjects rated frequency and intensity of symptoms and completed the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) at the same time points. Lens cases used for 1 month were collected from subjects in the H2O2 group, and residual peroxide concentration was analyzed at disinfection time.

Results
In all, 131 subjects were randomized to H2O2 (n = 64) or BMPS (n = 67) and underwent post-baseline assessment. The H2O2 group showed significantly greater improvements in lid papillae from baseline to day 90 than the BMPS group (H2O2, least square mean [LSM] difference [baseline–day 90] in maximum score 0.904 [95% CI 0.744–1.064]; BMPS, LSM difference 0.423 [95% CI 0.271–0.576]; p < 0.001). Frequency and intensity of symptoms, including grittiness, end-of-day dryness, irritation, burning/stinging, itchiness, and blurry vision, were significantly lower for H2O2 than for BMPS at days 30, 60, and 90 (all p ≤ 0.045), as were mean CLDEQ-8 scores (3-mo scores 10.6 ± 6.30 vs.15.0 ± 7.29, p < 0.001). Residual peroxide concentration in 61 used lens cases ranged from 6 to 55 ppm (mean, 15 ± 8 ppm) and 95% of cases had residual peroxide less than 30 ppm.

Conclusions
Symptomatic contact lens wearers using the H2O2 solution showed greater reductions in lid papillae and symptoms at 90 days than did subjects using BMPS. Cases used for 1 month neutralized peroxide at disinfection time to levels below those detectable by ocular tissues.
Optical Assessment of Soft Contact Lens Edge-Thickness
Authors: Tankam Patrice , Won Jungeun , Canavesi Cristina , Cox Ian , Rolland Jannick P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To assess the edge shape of soft contact lenses using Gabor-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM) with a 2-μm imaging resolution in three dimensions and to generate edge-thickness profiles at different distances from the edge tip of soft contact lenses.

Methods
A high-speed custom-designed GD-OCM system was used to produce 3D images of the edge of an experimental soft contact lens (Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, NY) in four different configurations: in air, submerged into water, submerged into saline with contrast agent, and placed onto the cornea of a porcine eyeball. An algorithm to compute the edge-thickness was developed and applied to cross-sectional images. The proposed algorithm includes the accurate detection of the interfaces between the lens and the environment, and the correction of the refraction error.

Results
The sharply defined edge tip of a soft contact lens was visualized in 3D. Results showed precise thickness measurement of the contact lens edge profile. Fifty cross-sectional image frames for each configuration were used to test the robustness of the algorithm in evaluating the edge-thickness at any distance from the edge tip. The precision of the measurements was less than 0.2 μm.

Conclusions
The results confirmed the ability of GD-OCM to provide high-definition images of soft contact lens edges. As a nondestructive, precise, and fast metrology tool for soft contact lens measurement, the integration of GD-OCM in the design and manufacturing of contact lenses will be beneficial for further improvement in edge design and quality control. In the clinical perspective, the in vivo evaluation of the lens fitted onto the cornea will advance our understanding of how the edge interacts with the ocular surface. The latter will provide insights into the impact of long-term use of contact lenses on the visual performance.
Recurrence Rates of Benign Phyllodes Tumors After Surgical Excision and Ultrasonography-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Excision
Authors: Kim Ga Ram , Kim Eun-Kyung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Kim Min Jung , Moon Hee Jung 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The recurrence rates of benign phyllodes tumors diagnosed through surgery and ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (US-VAE) were evaluated. A total of 146 benign phyllodes tumors diagnosed by surgery (n = 126) or US-VAE (n = 20) in 144 patients who had further follow-up after surgery or US-VAE were included (median follow-up period, 32.3 months; range, 6.7–142.5 months). Comparisons of recurrence rate, interval to recurrence, patient age, initial tumor size, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category, or follow-up interval were performed between the surgery and VAE groups and between groups with and without recurrence. Three cases (2.1%, 3/146) had recurrence and all were in the surgery group (2.4%, 3/126). The surgery group demonstrated larger size than the VAE group (median, 25 vs 16 mm; P < 0.001). The median age of women in the surgery group was older than those in the VAE group (39 vs 33 years, P = 0.509). The median age of women with recurrence (n = 3) was older than those without recurrence (n = 143, 49 vs 38 years, P = 0.023). In conclusion, when benign phyllodes tumor is unexpectedly diagnosed at US-VAE, if there is no residual lesion at US, clinical follow-up rather than further surgery might be recommended.
Sexual transmission causes a marked increase in the incidence of Zika in women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Coelho Flávio Codeço , Durovni Betina , Saraceni Valeria , Lemos Cristina , Codeço Claudia Torres , Camargo Sabrina , de Carvalho Luiz Max , Bastos Leonardo , Arduini Denise , Villela Daniel A.M. , Armstrong Margaret 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe recent emergence of Zika in Brazil and its association with increased congenital malformation rates has raised concerns over its impact on the birth rates in the country. Using data on the incidence of Zika in 2015-2016 and dengue in 2013 and 2015-16 for the city of Rio de Janeiro (pop: 6.4 million), we document a massive increase of Zika in women compared to men. Even after correcting for the bias due to the systematic testing of pregnant women for Zika, there are 90% more registered cases per 100,000 women in the sexually active age group (15-65 years) than for men but not before 15 or after 65. Assuming that infected men transmit the disease to women in their semen but that the converse is not true, some extra incidence in women is to be expected. An alternate hypothesis would be that women visit doctors more often than men. To test this, we compared the incidence of dengue fever in men and women in 2015 and in 2013 (before Zika reached Rio de Janeiro): in both years, women are 30% more likely to be reported with dengue.Summing up, women in the sexually active age bracket are far more likely to get Zika than men (+90% increase); sexual transmission is the most probable cause. Women in the 15-65 age group are also 30% more likely to be reported with dengue than men, which is probably due to women being more careful with their health.
Modelling the Decay of Hotspot Motifs in Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineages
Authors: Hoehn Kenneth B , Lunter Gerton , Pybus Oliver G 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhylogenetic methods have shown great promise in understanding the development of broadly neutralizing antibody lineages (bNAbs). However, mutational process for generating these lineages - somatic hypermutation (SHM) - is biased by hotspot motifs, which violates important assumptions in most phylogenetic substitution models. Here, we develop a modified GY94-type substitution model which partially accounts for this context-dependency while preserving independence of sites in calculation. This model shows a substantially better fit to three well-characterized bNAb lineages than the standard GY94 model. We show through simulations that accounting for this can lead to reduced bias of other substitution parameters, and more accurate ancestral state reconstructions. We further explore other implications of this model; namely, that the number of hotspot motifs - and therefore likely the mutation rate in general - is expected to decay over time in individual bNAb lineages.
A GTPase-Dependent Fine ER Is Required for Localized Secretion in Polarized Growth of Root Hairs
Authors: Qi Xingyun , Sun Jiaqi , Zheng Huanquan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular network comprising membrane tubules and sheets stretching throughout the cytoplasm. Atlastin GTPases, including Atlastin-1 in mammals and RHD3 in plants, play a role in the generation of the interconnected tubular ER network by promoting the fusion of ER tubules. Root hairs in rhd3 are short and wavy, a defect reminiscent of axon growth in cells with depleted Atlastin-1. However, how a loss in the ER complexity could lead to a defective polarized cell growth of root hairs or neurons remains elusive. Using live-cell imaging techniques, we reveal that, a fine ER distribution, which is found in the subapical zone of growing root hairs of wild-type plants, is altered to thick bundles in rhd3. The localized secretion to the apical dome as well as the apical localization of root hair growth regulator ROP2 is oscillated in rhd3. Interestingly, the shift of ROP2 precedes the shift of localized secretion as well as the fine ER distribution in rhd3. Our live imaging and pharmacologic modification of root hair growth defects in rhd3 suggest that there is interplay between the ER and microtubules in the polarized cell growth of root hairs. We hypothesize that, under the guidance of ROP2, RHD3, together with the action of microtubules, is required for the formation of a fine ER structure in the subapical zone of growing root hairs. This fine ER structure is essential for the localized secretion to the apical dome in polarized cell growth.
Improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of H13 steel by laser cladding with a WC/Co-Cr alloy coating
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Jie Xiaohua , Zhang Liuyan , Luo Song , Zheng Qiongbin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss that a WC/Co-Cr alloy coating was applied to the surface of H13 steel by laser cladding.

Design/methodology/approach
The oxidation behavior of the WC/Co-Cr alloy coating at 600Â°C was investigated by comparing it with the performance of the steel substrate to better understand the thermal stability of H13 steel.

Findings
The results showed that the WC/Co-Cr alloy coating exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal stability than did uncoated H13 steel. The coated H13 steel had a lower mass gain rate and higher microhardness than did the substrate after different oxidation times.

Originality/value
The WC/Co-Cr alloy coating was composed of e-Co, CW3, Co6W6C, Cr23C6 and Cr7C3; this mixture offered good thermal stability and better high-temperature oxidation resistance.
Evolution of the sulfate ion transport-deterioration process in concrete
Authors: Tian Hao , Zhou Yingwu , Sui Lili , Xing Feng 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Sulfate-induced degradation is one of the most important factors influencing the durability of concrete. The paper aims to clarify the transport-deterioration process of sulfates in concrete and thus to explain the mechanism and the deterioration of concrete by sulfates.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an experimental study into the evolution of the transport-deterioration process of sulfate ions in concrete in a pure soaking environment.

Findings
The microscopic morphology of individual concrete layers at different depths and the change law of the sulfate ion concentration at the corresponding depths were investigated for different exposure times. Furthermore, the relationship between the changes in microstructure and the transport characteristics of the sulfate ions was studied.

Originality/value
A method to calculate the cracking level sulfate ion concentration was proposed.
Dynamics of stainless steel corrosion based on the theory of phase space reconstruction and chaos
Authors: Men Hong , Sun Bin , Zhao Xiao , Li Xiujie , Liu Jingjing , Xu Zhiming 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the corrosion behavior of 304SS in three kinds of solution, 3.5 per cent NaCl, 5 per cent H2SO4 and 1 M (1 mol/L) NaOH, using electrochemical noise.

Design/methodology/approach
Corrosion types and rates were characterized by spectrum and time-domain analysis. EN signals were evaluated using a novel method of phase space reconstruction and chaos theory. To evaluate the chaotic characteristics of corrosion systems, the delay time was obtained by the mutual information method and the embedding dimension was obtained by the average false neighbors method.

Findings
The varying degrees of chaos in the corrosion systems were indicated by positive largest Lyapunov exponents of the electrochemical potential noise.

Originality/value
The change of correlation dimension in three kinds of solution demonstrated significant differences, clearly differentiating various types of corrosion.
Reduction of the biodegradation rate of MgZnSrCa alloy by use of a biomimetic apatite coating
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Shi Guian , Liu Yue , Wu Qin , Yang Wenhao , Zhao Linliang 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop new biodegradable magnesium alloy. Magnesium possesses similar mechanical properties to natural bone; it is a potential candidate for resorbable implant applications. However, in physiological conditions, the degradation rate of Mg is too high to be used as an implant material.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, Zn, Sr and Ca were chosen as alloying elements; a coating was deposited on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by means of a biomimetic technique. The corrosion rates of the uncoated and coated specimens were tested in simulated body fluid.FindingsThe hydroxyapatite coating formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface and the hydroxyapatite layer markedly decreased the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy.Originality/valueA homogenous hydroxyapatite coating was formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by using a biomimetic coating technique. The biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating markedly reduced the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy, and the largest decrease in wastage rate was 44 per cent.
Framing as status or benefits?
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio , Pontes Nicolas , Thomas Dominic , Krishnan Shanker 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
A fundamental aspect of hierarchical loyalty programs is that some consumers get rewards that others do not. Despite the widespread use of such programs, academics have long debated whether these benefits are outweighed by the potential negative impact of the differential treatment of customers. This study aims to extend our understanding, examining the impact of message framing on consumers’ reactions to hierarchical loyalty structures.

Design/methodology/approach
Three online studies were conducted. Study 1 uses advertisements to manipulate the message frame’s emphasis (benefits vs status). Study 2 manipulates consumers’ frame of thought by directing their attention to either changes in benefits or status. Finally, Study 3 uses the proposed framework to reconcile contradictory findings from past research.

Findings
Low-frequency customers who do not expect to qualify for a superior customer tier tend to reject hierarchical programs when thinking about status. In contrast, when these customers think about concrete rewards, loyalty program messages produce no negative reactions. High-frequency customers are positively affected by communication regardless of the type of benefits framed.

Research limitations/implications
All studies were done online, potentially limiting the external validity of the results. Nevertheless, the impact of message framing on perceptions about the loyalty program seems to be quite robust across different studies and manipulations.

Practical implications
When communicating with low-frequency customers, managers should avoid promising status; customers should instead be motivated based on concrete rewards. High-frequency customers are indifferent to alternative emphasis of communication frames.

Originality/value
Marketing academics have acknowledged the importance of being able to reward top customers without demotivating light and moderate users. This research is the first to provide a solution to this issue.
Improving agent-based models of diffusion
Authors: East Robert , Uncles Mark D. , Romaniuk Jenni , Lomax Wendy 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the validation of assumptions made in agent-based modeling of diffusion and the sufficiency (completeness) of the mechanisms assumed to operate.

Design/methodology/approach
One well-cited paper is examined.

Findings
Evidence is presented that casts doubt on the assumptions and mechanisms used. A range of mechanisms is suggested that should be evaluated for inclusion in diffusion modeling.

Originality/value
The need for validation of assumptions has been stressed elsewhere but there has been a lack of examples. This paper provides examples. The stress on the sufficiency of the mechanisms used is new.
Validation and sufficiency
Authors: East Robert , Uncles Mark D. , Romaniuk Jenni , Lomax Wendy 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to respond to the commentaries by Nejad, and Rand and Rust on the paper “Improving Agent-Based Models of Diffusion”.

Design/methodology/approach
Evidence on the nature of word of mouth was reviewed and related to the views expressed by the authors of the commentaries.

Findings
The authors of this paper remain concerned about the assumptions used in agent-based models of diffusion.

Originality/value
The study refers to previously published work.
Parsing out the effects of personal consumption norms and industry influences on food consumption volume
Authors: Zlatevska Natalina , Spence Mark T. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test whether individuals possess personal consumption norms and idiosyncratic reference points to which they target behaviour. These personal consumption norms are related to the amount of food consumed independent of industry influences, specifically the size of the package offered and the perceived healthiness of the food. We also examine the extent to which one’s commitment to adhere to their personal consumption norm (referred to as “commitment to norm”) influences food consumption volume.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments are presented, two involve estimates of food consumption and the third examines actual food consumption.FindingsAll studies demonstrate that participants can provide a personal consumption norm for how much food they would typically consume that is independent of manipulated industry influences and that actual consumption is significantly related to their personal consumption norms. Furthermore, commitment to norm is negatively related to the absolute difference between their personal consumption norm and the amount of food consumed; however, supporting evidence was only realized in the case of actual food consumption, suggesting that commitment to norm does not have an effect on the formation of intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors demonstrate that at a point in time, personal norms are fixed. However, it is possible that norms may be shaped by industry influences over time. The authors suggest further research into how these personal norms evolve over time, as well as assessing how these norms affect the likelihood of going from zero consumption to some positive amount.Practical implicationsMany studies indicate that marketers can easily influence food consumption volume. However, their ability to influence actual consumption volume is circumscribed by factors beyond their control, namely idiosyncratic personal consumption norms.Social implicationsOver time, it is likely that personal consumption norms have emanated from a variety of antecedents, almost certainly including prior industry experience and situational/social influences. Repeated exposure to external influences is likely to shift the personal norm reference point over time.Originality/valuePersonal consumption norms are carefully disentangled from industry influences and are shown to significantly relate to food consumption volume, independent (but not to the exclusion) of industry influences.
Consumption through the ambivalent prism of intergenerational support
Authors: Karanika Katerina , Hogg Margaret K. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how ambivalence and intergenerational support intersect with consumption in experiences of sharing within the family.

Design/methodology/approach
Consumer research studies usually use one of two family paradigms (i.e. solidarity and conflict), but the role of ambivalence in family ties is often neglected. This paper examines how ambivalence relates to adult intergenerational support, specifically within the context of sharing, consumption and family identity. In contrast to consumer research studies, sociological studies identify the intersection between intergenerational ambivalence and intergenerational support within family life. This study draws on sociology literature to interpret data from phenomenological interviews with downwardly mobile Greek consumers involved in familial intergenerational support and sharing. The voices of adult recipients and providers of resources are captured, and the transcribed interview texts are analysed using a phenomenological-hermeneutical process.

Findings
Three types of consumer ambivalence were identified that reflected different types of conflicts between consumption choices and different levels of family identity (collective, relational and individual).

Research limitations/implications
Future research should explore ambivalence and family sharing in different family structures and during different transitions. Future research should also investigate how this study’s findings resonate in societies less affected by austerity measures with stronger welfare states that nevertheless experience a rise in intergenerational support.

Originality/value
The study problematises previously somewhat polarised (i.e. positive vs bleak) views of the family in consumer research. Family sharing is highlighted as a major antecedent to consumer ambivalence, and different types of consumer ambivalence within intergenerational relationships within families are conceptualised. This paper proposes an extended typology of coping strategies aligned along a practical–emotional continuum.