bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild immunology assessed by multidimensional mass cytometry
Authors: Japp Alberto Sada , Hoffmann Kerstin , Schlickeiser Stephan , Glauben Rainer , Nikolaou Christos , Maecker Holden T. , Braun Julian , Matzmohr Nadine , Sawitzki Birgit , Siegmund Britta , Radbruch Andreas , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Frentsch Marco , Kunkel Desiree , Thiel Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA great part of our knowledge on mammalian immunology has been established in laboratory settings. The use of inbred mouse strains enabled controlled studies of immune cell and molecule functions in defined settings. These studies were usually performed in specific‐pathogen free (SPF) environments providing standardized conditions. In contrast, mammalians including humans living in their natural habitat are continuously facing pathogen encounters throughout their life. The influences of environmental conditions on the signatures of the immune system and on experimental outcomes are yet not well defined. Thus, the transferability of results obtained in current experimental systems to the physiological human situation has always been a matter of debate. Studies elucidating the diversity of “wild immunology” imprintings in detail and comparing it with those of “clean” lab mice are sparse. Here, we applied multidimensional mass cytometry to dissect phenotypic and functional differences between distinct groups of laboratory and pet shop mice as a source for “wild mice”. For this purpose, we developed a 31‐antibody panel for murine leukocyte subsets identification and a 35‐antibody panel assessing various cytokines. Established murine leukocyte populations were easily identified and diverse immune signatures indicative of numerous pathogen encounters were classified particularly in pet shop mice and to a lesser extent in quarantine and non‐SPF mice as compared to SPF mice. In addition, unsupervised analysis identified distinct clusters that associated strongly with the degree of pathogenic priming, including increased frequencies of activated NK cells and antigen‐experienced B‐ and T‐cell subsets. Our study unravels the complexity of immune signatures altered under physiological pathogen challenges and highlights the importance of carefully adapting laboratory settings for immunological studies in mice, including drug and therapy testing. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Phenotypic and functional characterization of in vitro cultured human mast cells
Authors: Cop N , Decuyper II , Faber MA , Sabato V , Bridts CH , Hagendorens MM , De Winter BY , De Clerck LS , Ebo DG 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundMast cell progenitor cells, derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, enter the circulation and subsequently mucosal or connective tissues where they mature to mast cells. Upon activation, mast cells increase the expression of activation markers, e.g. CD63, and release histamine amongst other mediators. Traditionally, release of these mediators is quantified using assays measuring their extracellular concentration in the supernatant of stimulated cells.MethodsHuman mast cells (HuMC) were cultured from peripheral blood, phenotypically characterized, passively sensitized with allogenic IgE antibodies and finally stimulated by anti‐IgE that crosslinks IgE/FcεRI complexes. Alterations in the number of cells positive for CD63 and release of histamine were quantified simultaneously by flow cytometry.ResultsIn culture, two distinct CD45+ cell populations were identified: CD117+CD203c+hi and CD117‐CD203c+low cells. Both populations showed positivity for FcεRI, tryptase and chymase, and contained histamine. Activation resulted in a significant increase of cells positive for CD63+ up to 21% (range: 11–39) for CD117+CD203c+hi cells (P = 0.005), and 27% (18–55) CD63+ for CD117‐CD203c+low cells (P = 0.02). Baseline histamine content was higher for CD117+CD203c+hi cells than for CD117‐CD203c+low cells, respectively 994 (695–6815) Molecules of Equivalent Specific Fluorochrome V500 per cell (MESF‐V500/cell) and 797 (629–4978) MESF‐V500/cell (P = 0.02). After activation, CD117+CD203c+hi cells showed significant histamine release of 578 (366–1521) MESF‐V500/cell, whilst CD117‐CD203c+low cells resulted in 310 (217–366) MESF‐V500/cell histamine release.ConclusionThis study discloses that culturing HuMC from CD34+ progenitors yields 2 phenotypically distinct cell populations that display a greatly similar response upon cross‐linking of IgE/FcεRI complexes. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Zebrafish connexin 79.8 (Gja8a): A lens connexin used as an electrical synapse in some neurons
Authors: Yoshikawa Shunichi , Vila Alejandro , Segelken Jasmin , Lin Ya‐Ping , Mitchell Cheryl K. , Nguyen Duc , O'Brien John 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn the mammalian central nervous system, a remarkably small number of connexins is used in electrical synapses, with the majority formed from Cx36. A larger number has been detected in teleosts, with some seeming to serve restricted roles. Here, we report the discovery of a new connexin expressed in the zebrafish lens and a limited set of neurons. Zebrafish cx79.8 (gja8a), previously annotated incorrectly as cx50.5 based on a partial cDNA sequence, is a homologue of mammalian Cx50 (Gja8). We examined its expression through transgenic promoter‐reporter constructs, in situ hybridization, and immunolabeling, and examined regulation of coupling in transfected HeLa cells. cx79.8 was expressed most strongly in the lens, but expression was also found in several groups of neurons in the cerebellum and related areas at the midbrain‐hindbrain boundary, in cone photoreceptors, and in neurons in the retinal inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. Labeling in the retina with antibodies against two C‐terminal epitopes revealed numerous small punctate spots in the inner plexiform layer and along the somata of cones. Abundant gap junctions were labeled in the outer 1/3 of the lens, but were absent from the center, suggesting that the epitopes or the entire protein was absent from the center. Cx79.8 tracer coupling was strongly regulated by phosphorylation, and was extremely low in control conditions in HeLa cells due to protein phosphatase 2A activity. These properties allow coupling to be strongly restricted in situ, a frequently observed property for electrical synapses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 548–561, 2017
Ablation of the epithelial‐specific splicing factor Esrp1 results in ureteric branching defects and reduced nephron number
Authors: Bebee Thomas W. , Sims‐Lucas Sunder , Park Juw Won , Bushnell Daniel , Cieply Benjamin , Xing Yi , Bates Carlton M. , Carstens Russ P. 
Published: July 2016

Background:Abnormalities in ureteric bud (UB) branching morphogenesis lead to congenital anomalies of the kidney and reduced nephron numbers associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Previous studies showed that the epithelial fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) IIIb splice variant supports ureteric morphogenesis in response to ligands from the metanephric mesenchyme during renal organogenesis. The epithelial‐specific splicing regulator Esrp1 is required for expression of Fgfr2‐IIIb and other epithelial‐specific splice variants. Our objective was to determine whether Esrp1 is required for normal kidney development.Results:Ablation of Esrp1 in mice, alone or together with its paralog Esrp2, was associated with reduced kidney size and increased incidence of renal aplasia. Three‐dimensional imaging showed that embryonic Esrp1 knockout (KO) kidneys had fewer ureteric tips and reduced nephron numbers. Analysis of alternative splicing in Esrp‐null ureteric epithelial cells by RNA‐Seq confirmed a splicing switch in Fgfr2 as well as numerous other transcripts.Conclusions:Our findings reveal that Esrp1‐regulated splicing in ureteric epithelial cells plays an important role in renal development. Defects in Esrp1 KO kidneys likely reflect reduced and/or absent ureteric branching, leading to decreased nephron induction secondary to incorrect Fgfr2 splicing and other splicing alterations. Developmental Dynamics 245:991–1000, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Pluripotent stem cells as a model for embryonic patterning: From signaling dynamics to spatial organization in a dish
Authors: Heemskerk Idse , Warmflash Aryeh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn vivo studies have identified the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in patterning the vertebrate embryo, but much remains unknown about how these are organized in space and time to orchestrate embryogenesis. Recently, embryonic stem cells have been established as a platform for studying spatial pattern formation and differentiation dynamics in the early mammalian embryo. The ease of observing and manipulating stem cell systems promises to fill gaps in our understanding of developmental dynamics and identify aspects that are uniquely human. Developmental Dynamics 245:976–990, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dimensions of impulsivity in relation to eating disorder recovery
Authors: Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Butler Rachel M. , Balk Margaret R. , Koller Katherine A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveImpulsivity is associated with eating pathology, but different dimensions of impulsivity have not been extensively studied in the eating disorders. The current study examined the relationship between four facets of impulsivity and eating disorder recovery status.MethodFemales formerly seen for an eating disorder were categorized as having an eating disorder (n = 53), partially recovered (n = 15), or fully recovered (n = 20) based on a diagnostic interview and physical, behavioral, and psychological indices. These groups and non‐eating disorder controls were compared on impulsivity facets from the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS): Urgency (negative urgency), Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), and Sensation Seeking.ResultsNegative urgency (the tendency to engage in impulsive behavior to alleviate negative affect) was related to recovery. The fully recovered group and controls experienced significantly less negative urgency than those with a current eating disorder; the partially recovered group did not differ from the eating disorder group.DiscussionFindings suggest that negative urgency may be a particularly important facet of impulsivity to target in therapeutic intervention for eating disorders, especially among those with a history of binge eating and/or purging. Future longitudinal work is needed to test a potential causal relationship between negative urgency and eating disorder recovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1027–1031)
Characterization of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High‐Temperature PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Rau M. , Niedergesäß A. , Cremers C. , Alfaro S. , Steenberg T. , Hjuler H. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper will present the characterization of two types of membrane‐electrode‐assemblies (MEAs) for high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFC) working under reformate stream. The important aspects to be considered in the characterization of these MEAs are: (i) presence of contaminants, and (ii) composition of the anode. Start/stop cycling test were performed for two different Dapozol® MEAs using different GDL materials, using first hydrogen and then synthetic reformate as a fuel gas, both with a dew point of 80 °C. With these results the influence of contaminants present in the reformate was compared for the two types of MEAs, showing the superior performance of the Dapozol® 101 MEA under these conditions. The possibility to further enhance the MEAs' resilience against the operation of reformates by changing the anode catalyst composition was evaluated in a half MEA configuration, considering that the impact of the H2S present in the fuel presents a major issue. For this reason the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) was evaluated for two types of Pt‐based electrocatalysts in an anodic half MEA configuration using different hydrogen‐rich fuel mixtures. These results provide valuable information for the optimization of the MEA and the anode catalyst for HT‐PEMFC.
Large‐scale morphotectonics of the ocean‐continent transition zone between the Western Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent: a link of deep process to the Earth' s surface system
Authors: Dmitrienko L. V. , Li S. Z. , Cao X. Z. , Suo Y. H. , Wang Y. M. , Dai L. M. , Somerville I. D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs an active margin of the Pacific Plate, the ocean‐continent transition zone records major tectonic events from the Late Mesozoic to the present‐day. The development of the transition zone between the Western Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continental Margin occurred in two stages. In the first stage, the formation of the Songliao and Bohai Bay basins was initiated earlier in the Mesozoic and then the active tectonic events that moved southeastwards to develop the East China Sea and Japan Sea basins in the Cenozoic. We use the methods of tectonics and geophysical analysis for the tectonic reconstruction of the transition zone in the most significant periods of tectonic activity in this area. We propose that the deep processes have a direct influence on the Meso‐Cenozoic surface geomorphologic system in the transition zone. This paper tries to reveal the mechanism of continental margin dynamics by comparing the stratigraphy, sedimentary character and magmatism for each of the four basins, as well as the gravity anomalies, the results of mantle tomography, and thickness of the crust and lithosphere. Our results show that the Songliao and Bohai Bay basins and the East China Sea and Japan Sea basins have similarities in their geomorphological characteristics and sequential tectonic evolution. The Meso‐Cenozoic morphotectonic processes are dominated by the subduction retreat of the (Palaeo‐)Pacific Plate and the eastward tectonic jump. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bariatric Surgery Induces White and Grey Matter Density Recovery in the Morbidly Obese: A Voxel‐Based Morphometric Study
Authors: Tuulari Jetro J. , Karlsson Henry K. , Antikainen Olli , Hirvonen Jussi , Pham Tam , Salminen Paulina , Helmiö Mika , Parkkola Riitta , Nuutila Pirjo , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObesity is associated with lowered brain's grey (GM) and white matter (WM) density as measured by voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether obesity has a causal influence on cerebral atrophy. We recruited 47 morbidly obese subjects (mean BMI = 42.2, SD = 4.0, 42 females and five males) eligible for bariatric surgery and 29 non‐obese subjects (mean BMI = 23.2, SD = 2.8, 23 females and six males) served as controls. Baseline scans were acquired with T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 Tesla; obese participants were scanned again six months after the surgery. Local GM and WM densities were quantified using VBM. Full‐volume analyses were used for comparing baseline between‐group differences as well as the effects of surgery‐induced weight loss in the morbidly obese. Metabolic variables were used in linear models to predict WM and GM densities. Obese subjects had initially lower GM densities in widespread cortical areas including frontal, parietal, and temporal regions as well as insulae. Lower WM densities were observed throughout the WM. Bariatric surgery and concomitant weight loss resulted in global increase in WM density. Grey matter increase was limited to occipital and inferior temporal regions. Metabolic variables were associated with brain densities. We conclude that weight loss results in global recovery of WM as well as local recovery of grey matter densities. These changes likely reflect improved brain tissue integrity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3745–3756, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The modulatory effect of semantic familiarity on the audiovisual integration of face‐name pairs
Authors: Li Yuanqing , Wang Fangyi , Huang Biao , Yang Wanqun , Yu Tianyou , Talsma Durk 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo recognize individuals, the brain often integrates audiovisual information from familiar or unfamiliar faces, voices, and auditory names. To date, the effects of the semantic familiarity of stimuli on audiovisual integration remain unknown. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we used familiar/unfamiliar facial images, auditory names, and audiovisual face‐name pairs as stimuli to determine the influence of semantic familiarity on audiovisual integration. First, we performed a general linear model analysis using fMRI data and found that audiovisual integration occurred for familiar congruent and unfamiliar face‐name pairs but not for familiar incongruent pairs. Second, we decoded the familiarity categories of the stimuli (familiar vs. unfamiliar) from the fMRI data and calculated the reproducibility indices of the brain patterns that corresponded to familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. The decoding accuracy rate was significantly higher for familiar congruent versus unfamiliar face‐name pairs (83.2%) than for familiar versus unfamiliar faces (63.9%) and for familiar versus unfamiliar names (60.4%). This increase in decoding accuracy was not observed for familiar incongruent versus unfamiliar pairs. Furthermore, compared with the brain patterns associated with facial images or auditory names, the reproducibility index was significantly improved for the brain patterns of familiar congruent face‐name pairs but not those of familiar incongruent or unfamiliar pairs. Our results indicate the modulatory effect that semantic familiarity has on audiovisual integration. Specifically, neural representations were enhanced for familiar congruent face‐name pairs compared with visual‐only faces and auditory‐only names, whereas this enhancement effect was not observed for familiar incongruent or unfamiliar pairs. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4333–4348, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viscoelasticity of subcortical gray matter structures
Authors: Johnson Curtis L. , Schwarb Hillary , D.J. McGarry Matthew , Anderson Aaron T. , Huesmann Graham R. , Sutton Bradley P. , Cohen Neal J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractViscoelastic mechanical properties of the brain assessed with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) are sensitive measures of microstructural tissue health in neurodegenerative conditions. Recent efforts have targeted measurements localized to specific neuroanatomical regions differentially affected in disease. In this work, we present a method for measuring the viscoelasticity in subcortical gray matter (SGM) structures, including the amygdala, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus. The method is based on incorporating high spatial resolution MRE imaging (1.6 mm isotropic voxels) with a mechanical inversion scheme designed to improve local measures in pre‐defined regions (soft prior regularization [SPR]). We find that in 21 healthy, young volunteers SGM structures differ from each other in viscoelasticity, quantified as the shear stiffness and damping ratio, but also differ from the global viscoelasticity of the cerebrum. Through repeated examinations on a single volunteer, we estimate the uncertainty to be between 3 and 7% for each SGM measure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the use of specific methodological considerations—higher spatial resolution and SPR—both decrease uncertainty and increase sensitivity of the SGM measures. The proposed method allows for reliable MRE measures of SGM viscoelasticity for future studies of neurodegenerative conditions. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4221–4233, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three New Derivatives and Others Constituents from the Roots and Twigs of Trilepisium madagascariense DC
Authors: Ango Yves P. , Kapche Gilbert D. W. F. , Kuete Victor , Mapitse Renameditswe , Yeboah Samuel O. , Ngadjui Bonaventure T. 
Published: July 2016

Three new compounds, trilepisflavene (1), trilepisdepsidone (2), and daturadiol stearate (3), together with nine known compounds, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐[(4‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐6‐methylbenzoyl)oxy]‐6‐methylbenzoic acid (4), lichexanthone (5), naringenin (6), 3′,4′,5,7‐tetrahydroxyflavanone (7), 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid (8), methyl 2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐methylbenzoate (9), β‐amyrin (10), eurothridiol palmitate (11), and β‐sitosterol (12), were isolated from the AcOEt extract of the twigs and the roots of Trilepisium madagascariense. Acetylation of eurothridiol palmitate was carried out and a new acetylated derivative (13) was obtained. The structures of the isolated and acetylated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Antimicrobial activity of all these compounds was evaluated using Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) and Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) method. Trilepisdepsidone, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐[(4‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐6‐methylbenzoyl)oxy]‐6‐methylbenzoic acid, 3′,4′,5,7‐tetrahydroxyflavanone, and naringenin exhibited moderate to weak antimicrobial activity.
In‐vivo multispectral video endoscopy towards in‐vivo hyperspectral video endoscopy
Authors: Hohmann Martin , Kanawade R. , Klämpfl F. , Douplik A. , Mudter J. , Neurath M. F. , Albrecht H. 
Published: July 2016

For in‐vivo diagnostics of cancer and pre‐cancer in the stomach, there is no endoscopic procedure offering both high sensitivity and high specificity. Our data suggest that multispectral or hyperspectral imaging may be helpful to solve this problem. It is successfully applied to the detection and analysis of easily reachable carcinomas, ex‐vivo samples of hollow organ mucosal carcinomas and also histological samples. An endoscopy system which allows flexible multispectral videoendoscopy for in‐vivo diagnostics has so far been unavailable. To overcome this problem, we modified a standard Olympus endoscopy system to conduct in‐vivo multispectral imaging of the upper GI tract. The pilot study is performed on 14 patients with adeno carcinomas in the stomach. For analysis, Support Vector Machine with linear and Gaussian Kernel, AdaBoost, RobustBoost and Random‐Forest‐walk are used and compared for the data classification with a leave‐one‐out strategy. The margin of the carcinoma for the training of the classifier is drawn by expert‐labeling. The cancer findings are cross‐checked by biopsies. We expect that the present study will help to improve the further development of hyperspectral endoscopy and to overcome some of the problems to be faced in this process.
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Glucose Promotes a Pro‐Oxidant and Pro‐Inflammatory Stromal Microenvironment Which Favors Motile Properties in Breast Tumor Cells
Authors: Kallens Violeta , Tobar Nicolás , Molina Jessica , Bidegain Arantzazú , Smith Patricio C. , Porras Omar , Martínez Jorge 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTChronic inflammation and metabolic reprogramming have been proposed as hallmarks of cancer development. Currently, many of the functional clues between these two phenomena are studied under the integrative view of functional stroma–epithelia interaction. It has been proposed that stromal cells, due to their abundance and avidity for glucose, are able to modify the metabolic behavior of an entire solid tumor. In the present study, using a mammary stromal cell line derived from healthy tissue subjected to long‐term culture in low (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose, we found that the hyperglycemic condition favors the establishment of a pro‐inflammatory and pro‐oxidant environment characterized by the induction of the COX‐2/PGE2 axis. In this condition, epithelial migration was stimulated. Moreover, we also found that stromal‐derived PGE2, acting as a stimulator of IL‐1 epithelial expression was one of the factors that promote the acquisition of motile properties by epithelial cells and the maintenance of a COX‐2/PGE2‐dependent inflammatory condition. Overall, our work provides experimental evidence that glucose stimulates a tumor inflammatory environment that, as a result of a functional cross‐talk between stroma and epithelia, may be responsible for tumor progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 994–1002, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.