bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Increase Students’ Activity When Performing Simulations of Electronic Systems
Authors: Michalík Petr 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
When creating educational simulation models, and in classes where computer simulation experiments are used, what frequently happens is that some students meet the targets and achieve the intended educational objectives earlier than the teaching time planned for this activity expires. The teacher can resolve such a situation in an appropriate manner, by encouraging the creativity of the “fast” students. This article is concerned with the possibilities of increasing students’ activity in classes where computer simulation of electronic circuits is used. Using a particular example of a simulation experiment, it shows one possible option for how to engage students in the classwork. To achieve this, the function of “fault”, available in the majority of electronic virtual computing labs, is used. This feature allows a teacher to assign one of three possible errors to a selected component; students have no direct way to find out which component is faulty. To resolve the problem, they must use their own creativity and effort, their own ideas, knowledge, and skills, and the tools that they have available in the electronic laboratory.
Stimulation of the Development of Inquiry Skills in Teaching Functions
Authors: Lukáč Stanislav 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
High quality mathematics and science education can induce further acceleration of scientific and technological development of society. Despite the efforts to implement modern approaches to science education, reducing the level of students’ knowledge and skills is observable in some areas. The skills focused on the interpretation of data from tables and graphs and the ability to apply functions to solve problems were an important area for testing mathematical literacy in The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD PISA) 2012. Lack of skills in the use of different mathematical functions causes problems in mathematical modelling of real situations. Our research is currently aimed at developing inquiry skills of students in mathematics and diagnosing the level of their development. Inquiry based science education (IBSE) could bring improving conceptual understanding of mathematical knowledge and could increase the activity of students in learning. In the paper, we present our first experience with testing the level of development of selected students’ inquiry skills. We focus on the evaluation of tasks requiring working with different representations of data and understanding of linear functions. The paper presents also interactive learning activities that are part of our innovative methods based on applying inquiry approach to teaching linear and quadratic functions. The interactive learning activities for the investigation of the properties of functions are implemented in the dynamic geometric system Geogebra and in the spreadsheet MS Excel.
ICT-Supported Education at Czech and Polish Universities: A Comparative Study
Authors: Malach Josef , Kostolánová Kateřina , Chmura Milan , Szafrańska-Gajdzica Anna , Ogródska-Mazur Ewa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The comparative study defines the terms electronic learning environment and smart learning environment with their components and contribution to university education. Moreover, it introduces identified trends that are expected to emerge in the next five years. The research on a representative sample of the University of Ostrava students and the University of Silesia students, which was carried out within the scope of the 7th RP IRNet project, was aimed at how the individual components of the electronic learning environment can be used, the reasons for their use and the related needs of students.
Thermodynamic Optimization of an Electric Circuit as a Non-steady Energy Converter
Authors: Valencia-Ortega Gabriel , Arias-Hernandez Luis-Antonio 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Electric circuits with transient elements can be good examples of systems where non-steady irreversible processes occur; so in the same way as a steady-state energy converter, we use the formal construction of the first-order irreversible thermodynamic to describe the energetics of these circuits. In this case, we propose an isothermal model of two meshes with transient and passive elements, besides containing two voltage sources (which can be functions of time); this is a non-steady energy converter model. Through the Kirchhoff equations, we can write the circuit phenomenological equations. Then, we apply an integral transformation to linearize the dynamic equations and rewrite them in algebraic form, but in the frequency space. However, the same symmetry for steady states appears (cross effects). Thus, we can study the energetic performance of this converter model by means of two parameters: the “force ratio” and the “coupling degree”. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain characteristic functions (dissipation function, power output, efficiency, etc.). They allow us to establish a simple optimal operation regime of this energy converter. As an example, we obtain the converter behavior for the maximum efficient power regime.
Doping with Growth Hormone
Authors: Bidlingmaier Martin , Wu Z. , Strasburger C.J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Triggered by the Olympic games in Sydney last year, many articles in the press suggested that recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) is one of the most popular performance enhancing drugs used by athletes. However, any hard facts on hGH abuse were provided by Australian customs officers - and not by laboratory assessment. The lack of an official test for hGH doping together with the widespread rumours on its tremendous beneficial effects seem to make this compound attractive for athletes. From a scientific point of view, there are two major questions about this issue: First, as there is no controlled study demonstrating a profound effect of hGH administration on workload capacity in healthy adults, why do athletes use hGH? Second, how could the application of a substance naturally occurring in the human body be detected? Both aspects are discussed in this article.
Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
Authors: Koç Esin , Bideci Aysun , Cinaz Peyami , Ergenekon Ebru , Atalay Yıldız 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In order to evaluate the role of leptin in neonatal hematological parameters, we studied the serum concentrations of leptin in relation to blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values in 30 healthy term infants. We also studied the serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in relation to leptin concentrations. The mean concentrations of leptin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were 1.63 ± 1.09, 24.65 ± 10.04 and 976.05 ± 214.50, respectively, at birth. A positive correlation was observed between leptin concentrations and birth weights of the infants. As no relationship could be found between concentrations of leptin and blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values, we could not determine any involvement of leptin in the regulation of physiologial hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet concentrations at birth.
Neonatal Hyperthyroidism m Infants of Mothers Previously Thyroidectomized due to Graves’ Disease
Authors: Borras-Perez Maria Victoria , Moreno-Pérez David , Zuasnabar-Cotro Amalia , López-Siguero Juan P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Neonatal hyperthyroidism generally arises as a result of active maternal Graves’ disease via transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI). On occasions, production of these antibodies may continue after thyroid ablation, either surgically or with radioiodine therapy. We present data concerning three patients (two of them twins) whose mothers had previously undergone near-total thyroidectomy prior to conception. Two of the neonates had neonatal hyperthyroidism due to persistence of TSI in the mother, and the third due to relapse of the maternal Graves’ disease during pregnancy. We recommend monitoring TSI during pregnancy in mothers with a history of Graves’ disease, even if they are in a state of post-surgical hypothyroidism.
Factors Determining Final Height in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: New Maria I. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of adrenal disorders whereby cortisol biosynthesis is impaired or abolished. In most cases, CAH is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase causing a massive build up of adrenal precursors. In addition to prenatal virilisation of genetic females and postnatal virilisation of both males and females, short adult stature is characteristic of the disorder. The inadequate final height in CAH patients is often attributed to overtreatment with glucocorticoid replacement and poor control of adrenal androgen levels. In a recent study, the use of growth hormone alone and in combination with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue in children with CAH and poor predicted final height was found to decrease height deficit after one and two years of treatment.
Management of Puberty in Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty
Authors: De Luca F. , Argente J. , Cavallo L. , Crowne E. , Delemarre-Van de Waal H.A. , De Sanctis C. , Di Maio S. , Norjavaara E. , Oostdijk W. , Severi F. , Tonini G. , Trifiro G , Voorhoeve P.G. , Wu F. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is the most common presenting form of short stature, but no single test can infallibly discriminate CDGP and isolated hypogonado- trophic hypogonadism. Management of puberty in CDGP aims to optimise not only growth - maintaining body proportions and improving peak bone mass without impairing growth potential - but also well-being; for example, the distress boys often suffer because of their lack of growth and pubertal progression can affect their school performance and social relationships. Typical sex steroid treatments to induce puberty in boys with CDGP include testosterone (T) enanthate, T undecanoate, mixed T esters, T transdermal patches, and oxandrolone p.o. Compared with other regimens, short-course low-dose depot T i.m. is an effective, practical, safe, well tolerated, and inexpensive regimen. Some unresolved problems in management include optimal timing and dose of sex steroid treatment, the role of GH in CDGP, and the management of CDGP in girls.
Precariousness as Growth: Meritocracy, Human Capital Formation, and Workplace Regulation in Brazil, China and India
Authors: Kroncke Jedidiah J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The place of labor regulation in contemporary development discourse revolves around the validity of the neoclassical assertion that any interference with market wage-setting mechanisms leads to a cruel twist–workers left unemployed in a less productive economy. The push for reducing individual and collective labor rights across the globe, commonly termed labor flexibilization, has been justified on the grounds that not only do “rigidities” arising from ostensibly pro-worker regulations hurt workers, they are also key and central impediment to growth. While the empirical grounds of the neoclassical assertion have become ever murkier over time, the appeal of this pro-growth assertion has been recurrent in economies of diverse incomes. For lower-income countries this has been doubly true, with pro-worker legacies cast as urgently necessary targets for reform. However, no true sustained example has emerged of a country that has unleashed employment growth through workplace deregulation. Instead, most attempts at such reform have ultimately led to political backlash when this promise has not materialized and populations have suffered the dislocations of ever-more precarious work. In this context, this paper looks at the recent discourses on workplace deregulation as applied to three of the largest global economies: Brazil, India and China. Each currently is at a different stage of what will be called “the flexibilization cycle.” In China, the Chinese Communist Party is grappling with a fundamental challenge to its legitimacy stemming from the accumulated dissatisfaction with weak workplace regulation and has rejected the flexibilization agenda. In India, workplace regulation has been promised by a new administration, but has been frustrated in attempts to combat significant backlash. And in Brazil, a new political administration has made the promise of flexibilization as foundational to reinvigorated growth after a pause in a decade of inclusive growth. Examining these case examples will expose why the cruel neoclassical twist never materializes and then leads to popular unrest. The twist’s assumptions about wage setting, especially in lower-income nations, ignores but is ultimately undermined by inherently unequal power dynamics in workplace institutions and the primacy of enforcement mechanisms. Further, general levels of human capital formation are far more central to actual economic development, which are in turn eroded by precarious work. The common emergence of labor flexibilization discourses during periods of economic recession is driven instead by opportunistic attempts to re-entrench elite status by diverting attention away from meritocratic reforms. By refocusing the debate on human capital development, the truly elusive growth potential of genuine meritocracy, rather then flexibilization, becomes clear as a driver of developmental success and as an explanatory factor in politics of labor regulation debates.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile, C16H11BrN2O3
Authors: Yu Xue-Jun , Zhao Lin-Ping , Ma Long-Ji , Gong Hua-Fen 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C16H11BrN2O3, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 21.504(3) Å, b = 8.2788(10) Å, c = 18.170(3) Å, β = 110.511(5)°, V = 3029.8(7) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0429, wRref(F2) = 0.1251, T = 296 K.
Urban soundscape maps modelled with
geo-referenced data
Authors: Lavandier Catherine , Aumond Pierre , Gomez Saul , Dominguès Catherine 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The noise maps that are currently proposed as
part of the EU Directive are based on the calculation of
the Lday, Levening and Lnight. These levels are calculated
from emission and propagation models that are expensive
in time. These noise maps are criticized for being distant
from the perception of city users. Thus, calculation models
of sound quality have been proposed, for being closer
to city users’ perception. They are either based on perceptual
variables, or on acoustic measurements, or on georeferenced
data, the latter being often already integrated
into the Geographic Information Systems of most French
metropolises. Considering 89 Parisian situations, this article
proposes to compare the sound quality really perceived,
with those from models using geo-referenced data.
It also looks at the modeling of perceptual variables that
influence the sound quality, such as perceived loudness,
the perceived time ratio of traffic, voices and birds. To do
this, such geo-referenced data as road traffic, the presence
of gardens, food shops, restaurants, bars, schools, markets,
are transformed into core densities. Being quick and
easy to calculate, these densities predict effectively sound
quality in the urban public space. Visualization of urban
soundscape maps are proposed in this paper.
An appraisal of the exit pressure method for normal stress measurements
Authors: Vlachopoulos J. , Mitsoulis E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A numerical experiment has been carried out to assess the errors involved in using Han’s exit pressure method for the determination of the first normal stress difference with a slit die. The creeping flow equations for a viscoelastic fluid model have been solved using the finite element method. The calculated exit pressures are used in the determination of normal stresses and are compared to those obtained directly from the constitutive model. The results show that the exit pressure method gives reasonably accurate estimates of the first normal stress difference.
Relationship Between Fatigue Behavior and Nonlinear Dynamic Viscoelasticity for High-Density Polyethylenes with Different Aggregation States
Authors: Jo Nam-Ju , Koh Kwang-Nak 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Relationships between fatigue behavior and nonlinear dynamic viscoelastic properties for the annealed, isothermally crystallized, and oriented high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) with different molecular aggregation states were intensively discussed. Nonlinear dynamic viscoelasticity under cyclic fatigue was estimated on the basis of nonlinear viscoelastic parameter (NVP) which was defined as the contribution of higher harmonics of Fourier expanded stress signal. Fatigue strength of specimens decreased with an increase in the magnitude of NVP. Thus, NVP can be used as an index of fatigue strength for polymeric solids. Also, higher-order structural changes of specimens by cyclic straining were investigated and it was concluded that the nonlinear dynamic viscoelasticity under cyclic fatigue became dominant with an increase in cyclic straining concentration at the amorphous and/or spherulite or crystallite boundary regions.
Compatibilizing Effect of Poly(Styrene-co-Glycidyl Methacrylate) in MPPO/PBT Blend
Authors: Ahn Tae Oan , Jho Jae Young , Han Soo Young , Jeong Han Mo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The compatibilizing effect of three kinds of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (SGMA) in a modified poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (MPPO)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) blend was studied based on the morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical properties, rheological properties, and mechanical properties. When the content of SGMA in the blend was fixed at 3 phr, the compatibilizing effect of SGMA increased as the GMA content in SGMA was increased. When the content of the reactive GMA monomeric unit in the blend was fixed at 0.37 phr, SGMA containing 4 mol% of GMA unit was most effective for compatibilization among three kinds of SGMAs.
Melt Blends of SAN with Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylic Ester Copolymer
Authors: Hwang I. J. , Kim B.K. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Melt blends of SAN with acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic ester copolymer (ASA) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. Morphology, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the SAN/ASA blend were studied in the full range of compositions. TEM micrographs showed a bimodal distribution of the rubber particles with 0.7 μm and 0.2 μm in diameter. The transition from brittle to ductile mode of failure occurred in the range of 20~30 wt% ASA The blends showed typical behavior of an immiscible system where melt viscosity exhibited a positive deviation from the log additivity. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of blends did not shift with increasing ASA content, indicative of complete phase separation.
Polyamide/Biopolymer Blends
Authors: Guerrero Carlos , González Virgilio , Ortiz Ubaldo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We prepared blends of polyamide 66 (P66) and chitin (QA) and its derivative, chitosan (AN), via the solution-casting technique. For P66 with 60% QN content, differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed an 81% decrease in the heat of fusion. When 15% P66 was added, the infrared spectral band of the carbonyl functional groups of the non-deacetylated portion of QN showed about 6 cm-1 displacement from its normal position. In addition, the carbonyl band of the P66 amide was expanded and displaced to the higher wavenumbers when QN was added. This spectral modification could be attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between components, and the expansion of the P66 band could indicate an increase in disorder in the functional groups, namely, a transformation of P66 from the crystalline to the amorphous state. For P66/QA blends, no displacement of the functional group bands was detected, indicating the probable absence of miscibility of these blends. The morphology of the blends after solvent evaporation at 30°C was analyzed, using a cross-polarized optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Poly(4-tert-Butylstyrene) by Inverse Gas Chromatography
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Mart Hasan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Some thermodynamic quantities were obtained for the interactions of poly (4-tert-butylstyrene) with alcohols, ketones, acetates, aromatics and alkanes by the inverse gas chromatography method in the temperature range of 343-463 K. The specific retention volumes (Vg°), the adsorption enthalpy of probes (ΔH2), the partial molar free energy of sorption (ΔG1
S), the enthalpy of sorption (ΔH1
S), the entropy of sorption (ΔS1
S), the weight fraction activity coefficients of solute probes at infinite dilution (Ω1
∞), and the Flory- Huggins thermodynamic interaction parameters (χ∞
12) between polymer and solvents are given. The partial molar free energy (ΔG1
∞, the partial molar heat of mixing (ΔH1
∞ at infinite dilution and the solubility parameters of the polymer (δ2) were calculated. The solubility parameter of poly (4-tert-butyl- styrene) was determined from either the slope or intercept as 7.25 (cal/cm3)0,5 and 7.00 (cal/cm3)0,5 at 180°C, respectively.
Ronald by Franz West. Mounting of a Three-Dimensional Papier-mâché Object
Authors: Hartl Andreas , Kaltenbruner Gerda , Steiner Karin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper describes a new mounting system for a structurally damaged paper maché object by the artist Franz West (1947–2012). Due to a massive but now inactive pest infestation, the papier-mâché core of the artwork was substantially damaged by numerous bore holes and tunnels. Moreover, mechanical impact had fractured the artwork, which further decreased its stability. To successfully stabilize the structure, methods of consolidation and strategies for mounting had to be combined. Conservation focused on consolidation and loss compensation of the insect damaged surface and subsurface of the object. The second and equally important part of the conservation concept dealt with mounting and at the same time securing the fractured area. This was accomplished by constructing a grid-shaped support structure that perfectly fit between the uneven backside surface of the object and the plane perspex back-board of the existing frame. The support structure holds the vulnerable area along the fracture in place while at the same time allowing for mounting of the object within the frame.
On Different Types of Naturalness in Morphological Change
Authors: Shannon Thomas F. 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Anhand von Beispielen der Entwicklung des Substantivplurals im Deutschen, Niederländischen und Englischen werden hier die verschiedenen Natürlichkeitsparameter beim morphologischen Wandel erörtert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden drei Arten von Faktoren aufgezeigt: sprachunabhängige (universelle) morphologische Natürlichkeit (vgl. Mayerthaler 1981), sprachspezifische morphologische Normalität (vgl. Wurzel 1984) und zuletzt phonologische Natürlichkeit, genauer silbische Natürlichkeit im Sinne von Vennemanns Präferenzgesetzen für Silbenstruktur. Im Gegensatz zu den in der Natürlichen Morphologie sonst üblichen Annahmen in diesem Bezug behaupten wir hier, daß phonologische Natürlichkeit nicht immer und nur zerstörend auf die Morphologie ein wirkt, sondern auch die Richtung des morphologischen Wandels mit beeinflussen kann, wenn z. B. neue Pluralmarker analogisch eingeführt werden. Dann wird ceteris paribus ein Marker gewählt, der die semiotisch bevorzugte ikonische Kodierung der semantisch wichtigen Kategorie Plural gewährleistet, aber dabei am wenigsten gegen die universellen Silbenstrukturpräferenzen verstößt.