bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAT4 Regulates the CD8+ Regulatory T Cell/T Follicular Helper Cell Axis and Promotes Atherogenesis in Insulin-Resistant Ldlr−/− Mice
Authors: Taghavie-Moghadam Parésa L. , Waseem Tayab C. , Hattler Julian , Glenn Lindsey M. , Dobrian Anca D. , Kaplan Mark H. , Yang Yi , Nurieva Roza , Nadler Jerry L. , Galkina Elena V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The metabolic syndrome and diabetic conditions support atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanisms for accelerated atherogenesis remain unclear. Although the proinflammatory role of STAT4 in atherosclerosis and diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) was recently established, the impact of STAT4 on atherogenesis in conditions of IR is not known. In this study, we generated Stat4−/−Ldlr−/− mice that were fed a diabetogenic diet with added cholesterol (DDC). DDC-fed Stat4−/−Ldlr−/− mice demonstrated improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and a 36% reduction in atherosclerosis compared with Ldlr−/− controls. Interestingly, we detected a reduction in T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and plasma B cells but a sharp elevation in CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in spleens and aortas of Stat4−/−Ldlr−/− mice compared with Ldlr−/− mice. Similarly, STAT4 deficiency supported CD8+ Treg differentiation in vitro. STAT4-deficient CD8+ Tregs suppressed Tfh cell and germinal center B cell development upon immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, indicating an important role for STAT4 in CD8+ Treg functions in vivo. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Stat4−/−Ldlr−/− CD8+ Tregs versus Ldlr−/− CD8+ Tregs resulted in a significant reduction in plaque burden and suppression of Tfh cell and germinal center B cells in DDC-fed Ldlr−/− recipients. STAT4 expression in macrophages (MΦs) also affected the Tfh/CD8+ Treg axis, because conditioned media from Stat4−/−Ldlr−/− MΦs supported CD8+ Treg differentiation, but not Tfh cell differentiation, in a TGF-β–dependent manner. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which STAT4 supports atherosclerosis in IR Ldlr−/− mice via STAT4-dependent MΦs, as well as cell-intrinsic suppression of CD8+ Treg generation and functions and maintenance of Tfh cell generation and the accompanying humoral immune response.
Posttranscriptional Regulation of HLA-A Protein Expression by Alternative Polyadenylation Signals Involving the RNA-Binding Protein Syncrip
Authors: Kulkarni Smita , Ramsuran Veron , Rucevic Marijana , Singh Sukhvinder , Lied Alexandra , Kulkarni Viraj , O’hUigin Colm , Le Gall Sylvie , Carrington Mary 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Genomic variation in the untranslated region (UTR) has been shown to influence HLA class I expression level and associate with disease outcomes. Sequencing of the 3′UTR of common HLA-A alleles indicated the presence of two polyadenylation signals (PAS). The proximal PAS is conserved, whereas the distal PAS is disrupted within certain alleles by sequence variants. Using 3′RACE, we confirmed expression of two distinct forms of the HLA-A 3′UTR based on use of either the proximal or the distal PAS, which differ in length by 100 bp. Specific HLA-A alleles varied in the usage of the proximal versus distal PAS, with some alleles using only the proximal PAS, and others using both the proximal and distal PAS to differing degrees. We show that the short and the long 3′UTR produced similar mRNA expression levels. However, the long 3′UTR conferred lower luciferase activity as compared with the short form, indicating translation inhibition of the long 3′UTR. RNA affinity pull-down followed by mass spectrometry analysis as well as RNA coimmunoprecipitation indicated differential binding of Syncrip to the long versus short 3′UTR. Depletion of Syncrip by small interfering RNA increased surface expression of an HLA-A allotype that uses primarily the long 3′UTR, whereas an allotype expressing only the short form was unaffected. Furthermore, specific blocking of the proximal 3′UTR reduced surface expression without decreasing mRNA expression. These data demonstrate HLA-A allele-specific variation in PAS usage, which modulates their cell surface expression posttranscriptionally.
Merged SAGE II, Ozone_cci and OMPS ozone profile dataset and evaluation of ozone trends in the stratosphere
Authors: Sofieva Viktoria F. , Kyrölä Erkki , Laine Marko , Tamminen Johanna , Degenstein Doug , Bourassa Adam , Roth Chris , Zawada Daniel , Weber Mark , Rozanov Alexei , Rahpoe Nabiz , Stiller Gabriele , Laeng Alexandra , von Clarmann Thomas , Walker Kaley A. , Sheese Patrick , Hubert Daan , van Roozendael Michel , Zehner Claus , Damadeo Robert , Zawodny Joseph , Kramarova Natalya , Bhartia Pawan K. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we present a merged dataset of ozone profiles from several satellite instruments: SAGE II on ERBS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY and MIPAS on Envisat, OSIRIS on Odin, ACE-FTS on SCISAT, and OMPS on Suomi-NPP. The merged dataset is created in the framework of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (Ozone_cci) with the aim of analyzing stratospheric ozone trends. For the merged dataset, we used the latest versions of the original ozone datasets. The datasets from the individual instruments have been extensively validated and intercompared; only those datasets which are in good agreement, and do not exhibit significant drifts with respect to collocated ground-based observations and with respect to each other, are used for merging. The long-term SAGE–CCI–OMPS dataset is created by computation and merging of deseasonalized anomalies from individual instruments. The merged SAGE–CCI–OMPS dataset consists of deseasonalized anomalies of ozone in 10° latitude bands from 90° S to 90° N and from 10 to 50 km in steps of 1 km covering the period from October 1984 to July 2016. This newly created dataset is used for evaluating ozone trends in the stratosphere through multiple linear regression. Negative ozone trends in the upper stratosphere are observed before 1997 and positive trends are found after 1997. The upper stratospheric trends are statistically significant at midlatitudes and indicate ozone recovery, as expected from the decrease of stratospheric halogens that started in the middle of the 1990s and stratospheric cooling.
Quantitative imaging of the 3-D distribution of cation adsorption sites in undisturbed soil
Authors: Keck Hannes , Strobel Bjarne W. , Gustafsson Jon Petter , Koestel John 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Several studies have shown that the distribution of cation adsorption sites (CASs) is patchy at a millimetre to centimetre scale. Often, larger concentrations of CASs in biopores or aggregate coatings have been reported in the literature. This heterogeneity has implications on the accessibility of CASs and may influence the performance of soil system models that assume a spatially homogeneous distribution of CASs. In this study, we present a new method to quantify the abundance and 3-D distribution of CASs in undisturbed soil that allows for investigating CAS densities with distance to the soil macropores. We used X-ray imaging with Ba2+ as a contrast agent. Ba2+ has a high adsorption affinity to CASs and is widely used as an index cation to measure the cation exchange capacity (CEC). Eight soil cores (approx. 10 cm3) were sampled from three locations with contrasting texture and organic matter contents. The CASs of our samples were saturated with Ba2+ in the laboratory using BaCl2 (0.3 mol L−1). Afterwards, KCl (0.1 mol L−1) was used to rinse out Ba2+ ions that were not bound to CASs. Before and after this process the samples were scanned using an industrial X-ray scanner. Ba2+ bound to CASs was then visualized in 3-D by the difference image technique. The resulting difference images were interpreted as depicting the Ba2+ bound to CASs only. The X-ray image-derived CEC correlated significantly with results of the commonly used ammonium acetate method to determine CEC in well-mixed samples. The CEC of organic-matter-rich samples seemed to be systematically overestimated and in the case of the clay-rich samples with less organic matter the CEC seemed to be systematically underestimated. The results showed that the distribution of the CASs varied spatially within most of our samples down to a millimetre scale. There was no systematic relation between the location of CASs and the soil macropore structure. We are convinced that the approach proposed here will strongly aid the development of more realistic soil system models.
Kinematics, Exhumation, and Sedimentation of the North Central Andes (Bolivia): An Integrated Thermochronometer and Thermokinematic Modeling Approach
Authors: Rak Adam J. , McQuarrie Nadine , Ehlers Todd A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractQuantifying mountain building processes in convergent orogens requires determination of the timing and rate of deformation in the overriding plate. In the central Andes, large discrepancies in both timing and rate of deformation prevent evaluating the shortening history in light of internal or external forcing factors. Geologic map patterns, age and location of reset thermochronometer systems, and synorogenic sediment distribution are all a function of the geometry, kinematics, and rate of deformation in a fold‐thrust‐belt‐foreland basin (FTB‐FB) system. To determine the timing and rate of deformation in the northern Bolivian Andes, we link thermokinematic modeling to a sequentially forward modeled, balanced cross section isostatically accounting for thrust loads and erosion. Displacement vectors, in 10 km increments, are assigned variable ages to create velocity fields in a thermokinematic model for predicting thermochronometer ages. We match both the pattern of predicted cooling ages with the across strike pattern of measured zircon fission track, apatite fission track, and apatite (U‐Th)/He cooling ages as well as the modeled age of FB formations to published sedimentary sections. Results indicate that northern Bolivian FTB deformation started at 50 Ma and may have begun as early as 55 Ma. Acceptable rates of shortening permit either a constant rate of shortening (~4–5 mm/yr) or varying shortening rates with faster rates (7–10 mm/yr) at 45–50 Ma and 12–8 Ma, significantly slower rates (2–4 mm/yr) from 35 to 15 Ma and indicate the northern Bolivian Subandes started deforming between 19 and 14 Ma.
Seismic Interferometry Using Persistent Noise Sources for Temporal Subsurface Monitoring
Authors: Dales Philippe , Audet Pascal , Olivier Gerrit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn passive source seismology, seismic interferometry typically refers to the cross correlation of ambient noise to construct an estimate of the Green's function between sensors. The presence of persistent natural and/or anthropogenic sources can bias or prevent the retrieval of these estimated Green's functions. Here we show how these strong persistent sources can be used to measure small changes in the medium between a source and either (or both) source‐sensor pairs. The method relies on localizing the sources and using this information to identify and select cross‐correlation functions for each source of interest. We illustrate this method by monitoring growth of a block cave at an underground mine using three nearly continuously operating ore crushers which dominate the wavefield. This technique should work equally well in natural environments using sources such as volcanic tremor, hydrothermal bubble cavitation, and microseisms.
Fluid Pocket Generation in Response to Heterogeneous Reactivity of a Rock Fracture Under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Okamoto A. , Tanaka H. , Watanabe N. , Saishu H. , Tsuchiya N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFractures are the location of various water‐rock interactions within the Earth's crust; however, the impact of the chemical heterogeneity of fractures on hydraulic properties is poorly understood. We conducted flow‐through experiments on the dissolution of granite with a tensile fracture at 350°C and fluid pressure of 20 MPa with confining pressure of 40 MPa. The aperture structures were evaluated by X‐ray computed tomography before and after the experiments. Under the experimental conditions, quartz grains dissolve rapidly to produce grain‐scale pockets on the fracture surface, whereas altered feldspar grains act as asperities to sustain the open cavities. The fracture contained gouge with large surface area. The feedback between fluid flow and the rapid dissolution of gouge material produced large fluid pockets, whereas permeability did not always increase significantly. Such intense hydrological‐chemical interactions could strongly influence the porosity‐permeability relationship of fractured reservoirs in the crust.
Propagation of a Finite‐Amplitude Elastic Pulse in a Bar of Berea Sandstone: A Detailed Look at the Mechanisms of Classical Nonlinearity, Hysteresis, and Nonequilibrium Dynamics
Authors: Remillieux Marcel C. , Ulrich T. J. , Goodman Harvey E. , Ten Cate James A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study the propagation of a finite‐amplitude elastic pulse in a long thin bar of Berea sandstone. In previous work, this type of experiment has been conducted to quantify classical nonlinearity, based on the amplitude growth of the second harmonic as a function of propagation distance. To greatly expand on that early work, a noncontact scanning 3‐D laser Doppler vibrometer was used to track the evolution of the axial component of the particle velocity over the entire surface of the bar as functions of the propagation distance and source amplitude. With these new measurements, the combined effects of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics have all been measured simultaneously. We show that the numerical resolution of the 1‐D wave equation with terms for classical nonlinearity and attenuation accurately captures the spectral features of the waves up to the second harmonic. However, for higher harmonics the spectral content is shown to be strongly influenced by hysteresis. This work also shows data which quantify not only classical nonlinearity but also the nonequilibrium dynamics based on the relative change in the arrival time of the elastic pulse as a function of strain and distance from the source. Finally, a comparison is made to a resonant bar measurement, a reference experiment used to quantify nonequilibrium dynamics, based on the relative shift of the resonance frequencies as a function of the maximum dynamic strain in the sample.
Detailed Configuration of the Underthrusting Indian Lithosphere Beneath Western Tibet Revealed by Receiver Function Images
Authors: Xu Qiang , Zhao Junmeng , Yuan Xiaohui , Liu Hongbing , Pei Shunping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe analyze the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 42 temporary stations from the Y2 and ANTILOPE‐1 arrays using the P and S receiver function techniques to investigate the lithospheric structure beneath western Tibet. The Moho is reliably identified as a prominent feature at depths of 55–82 km in the stacked traces and in depth migrated images. It has a concave shape and reaches the deepest location at about 80 km north of the Indus‐Yarlung suture (IYS). An intracrustal discontinuity is observed at ~55 km depth below the southern Lhasa terrane, which could represent the upper border of the eclogitized underthrusting Indian lower crust. Underthrusting of the Indian crust has been widely observed beneath the Lhasa terrane and correlates well with the Bouguer gravity low, suggesting that the gravity anomalies in the Lhasa terrane are induced by topography of the Moho. At ~20 km depth, a midcrustal low‐velocity zone (LVZ) is observed beneath the Tethyan Himalaya and southern Lhasa terrane, suggesting a layer of partial melts that decouples the thrust/fold deformation of the upper crust from the shortening and underthrusting in the lower crust. The Sp conversions at the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) can be recognized at depths of 130–200 km, showing that the Indian lithospheric mantle is underthrusting with a ramp‐flat shape beneath southern Tibet and probably is detached from the lower crust immediately under the IYS. Our observations reconstruct the configuration of the underthrusting Indian lithosphere and indicate significant along strike variations.
Inverse Tsunami Flow Modeling Including Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport, With Application to Deposits From the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Tsunami
Authors: Naruse Hajime , Abe Tomoya 
Published: October 2017

Tsunami deposits provide important clues to understand ancient tsunami events. Several inverse models have been proposed to estimate the magnitude of paleotsunamis from their deposits. However, existing models consider neither nonuniform transport of suspended sediment nor turbulent mixing, which are essential factors governing sedimentation from suspension in tsunami flows. Here we propose a new inverse model of tsunami deposit emplacement, considering both transport of nonuniform suspended load and entrainment of basal sediments. This inversion model requires the spatial distribution of deposit thickness and the pattern of grain size distributions of the tsunami deposit along a 1‐D shoreline‐normal transect as input data. It produces as output run‐up flow velocity, inundation depth, and concentration of suspended sediment. To solve for advection of nonuniform suspended load, a transformed coordinate system is adopted, which increases computational efficiency. Tests of model inversions using artificial data successfully allow reconstruction of the original input values, suggesting the effectiveness of our optimization method. We apply our new inversion model to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki tsunami deposit on Sendai Plain, Japan. The thickness and grain size distribution of the tsunami deposit was measured along a 4 km long transect normal to the coastline. The result of our inversion fits well with the observations from aerial videos and field surveys. We conclude that this method is suitable for the analysis of ancient tsunami deposits and that it has the advantage of requiring relatively little information about the condition of the emplacing paleotsunami for reconstruction.
Strike‐Slip Tectonics in the SW Barents Sea During North Atlantic Rifting (Swaen Graben, Northern Norway)
Authors: Omosanya K. O. , Zervas I. , Mattos N. H. , Alves T. M. , Johansen S. E. , Marfo G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study uses high‐quality, three‐dimensional (3‐D) seismic data to investigate the occurrence of strike‐slip faults in the Swaen Graben, SW Barents Sea. The Swaen Graben is divided into two principal subbasins: SSB1 and SSB2. The along‐strike and along‐dip displacement variations and scale relationships are analyzed for 42 faults. The displacement profiles for these faults are complex in the Swaen Graben, showing clear evidence for polycyclic fault growth and marked synsedimentary activity. The observed variations in the displacement profiles indicate complex along‐strike segmentation, linkage, and mechanical interactions at distinct structural levels. Along‐dip displacement minima indicate fault reactivation by dip linkage. Importantly, geometric evidence for strike‐slip faulting in the Swaen Graben includes the presence of extensional horsetail splay faults, positive flower structures, and minor transfer faults. This study shows that the faults in the Swaen Graben developed under extensional regimes during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting and were reactivated by regional stresses during the Late Cretaceous. The two principal strike‐slip faults in the Swaen Graben reveal sinistral movement and are linked at a shallow depth by minor transfer faults at a relay zone. Our work further demonstrates the occurrence of Late Mesozoic strike‐slip movements in the SW Barents Sea, which were induced by regional tectonics, halokinesis, and fault block rotation. Importantly, strike‐slip faulting in the region extends perhaps into the Cenozoic interacting with extension during the North Atlantic rifting.
MoS2 for Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching and Modulation of THz Fano Metaphotonic Devices
Authors: Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Manjappa Manukumara , Kumar Abhishek , Dayal Govind , Kloc Christian , Singh Ranjan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the stunning performance of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been utilized in the area of field effect transistors, integrated circuits, photodetectors, light generation and harvesting, valleytronics, and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. However, the optoelectronic application of TMDCs in realizing efficient, ultrafast metaphotonic devices in the terahertz part of the electromagnetic spectrum has remained unexplored. The most studied member of the TMDC family, i.e., MoS2, shows an ultrafast carrier relaxation after photoexcitation with near‐infrared femtosecond pulse of energy above the bandgap. Here, this study investigates the photoactive properties of MoS2 to demonstrate an ultrasensitive active switching and modulation of the sharp Fano resonances in MoS2‐coated metamaterials consisting of asymmetric split ring resonator arrays. The results show that all‐optical switching and modulation of micrometer scale subwavelength Fano resonators can be achieved on a timescale of hundred picoseconds at moderate excitation pump fluences. The precise and active control of the MoS2‐based hybrid metaphotonic devices open up opportunities for the real‐world technologies and realization of ultrafast switchable sensors, modulators, filters, and nonlinear devices.
Das C3‐symmetrische Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan‐3,5,7‐triol
Authors: Kozel Volodymyr , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Kirsch Peer , Haufe Günter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEin direkter Zugang zum bisher unbekannten C3‐symmetrischen Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan‐3,5,7‐triol sowohl in racemischer als auch in enantiomerenreiner Form wurde ausgearbeitet. Die Umsetzung von 7‐tert‐Butoxynorbornadien mit Peroxycarbonsäuren führte durch transannulare π‐Cyclisierung und Substitution der tert‐Butoxy‐Gruppe zu Gemischen der entsprechenden C1‐ und C3‐symmetrischen 3,5,7‐Triacyloxynortricyclene. Durch Sieden in Ameisensäure wurden die C1‐symmetrischen Ester größtenteils in das C3‐symmetrische Formiat überführt. Nachfolgende Verseifung lieferte die diastereomeren Triole, die durch fraktionierende Kristallisation getrennt wurden. Die Enantiomerentrennung des C3‐symmetrischen Triols erfolgte über die diastereomeren Tri(O‐methyl)mandelsäureester. Die so im Gramm‐Maßstab zugänglichen enantiomerenreinen Triole wurden als Kerneinheit von Dotierstoffen für flüssigkristalline Phasen eingesetzt.
Reversible Cleavage/Formation of the Chromium–Chromium Quintuple Bond in the Highly Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Huang Yu‐Siang , Huang Gou‐Tao , Liu Yao‐Lun , Yu Jen‐Shiang K. , Tsai Yi‐Chou 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerein we report the employment of the quintuply bonded dichromium amidinates [Cr{κ2‐HC(N‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)(N‐2,6‐R2C6H3)}]2 (R=iPr (1), Me (7)) as catalysts to mediate the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes giving 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzenes. During the catalysis, the ultrashort Cr−Cr quintuple bond underwent reversible cleavage/formation, corroborated by the characterization of two inverted arene sandwich dichromium complexes (μ‐η6:η6‐1,3,5‐(Me3Si)3C6H3)[Cr{κ2‐HC(N‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)(N‐2,6‐R2C6H3)}]2 (R=iPr (5), Me (8)). In the presence of σ donors, such as THF and 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2CN, the bridging arene 1,3,5‐(Me3Si)3C6H3 in 5 and 8 was extruded and 1 and 7 were regenerated. Theoretical calculations were employed to disclose the reaction pathways of these highly regioselective [2+2+2] cylcotrimerization reactions of terminal alkynes.