bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy generation analysis on MHD mixed convective flow of couple stress MWCNT$MWCNT$–Ag/C2H6O2$\text{Ag/C}_{2}\text{H}_{6}\text{O}_{2}$ hybrid nanofluid with variable properties in a vertical channel
Authors: Mushahary Pungja , Ontela Surender 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe investigation of the mixed convective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a couple stress hybrid nanofluid having temperature‐dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity in a vertical channel is dealt with within this paper. The considered hybrid nanofluid is processed by mixing multiwalled carbon nanotubes () and silver (Ag) nanoparticles in a base fluid of ethylene glycol () assuming the base fluid and the nanoparticles to be in a thermal equilibrium state following the Tiwari–Das nanofluid model. The flow is generated by the buoyancy force under the standard Boussinesq approximation and the pressure gradient force. The effect of a uniform transverse magnetic field is considered, and a constant temperature is maintained at the channel walls. The governing momentum and energy equations are nondimensionalized with relevant dimensionless parameters and solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to obtain semi‐analytical solutions. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number on the channel walls are derived to analyze the shear stress and heat transfer rate, and to scrutinize the irreversibilities in the system, the entropy generation number and the Bejan number are defined. The emphasis is given to the analysis of velocity and temperature profiles, irreversibilities in the system, shear stresses, and heat transfer rate on the channel walls concerning the volumetric concentration of the nanoparticles, shape factor effect for various nanoparticle shapes, and temperature‐dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. The analysis reveals that with higher shape factors and enhancement of nanoparticle concentration, both velocity and temperature degrade, and the entropy generation rate escalates with growing heat transfer irreversibility. Moreover, a lower and higher shear stress and heat transfer rate are achieved, respectively. The variable viscosity and thermal conductivity parameters effectively alter the velocity and temperature profiles, irreversibilities, shear stress, and heat transfer rate.
To consider second gradient continua as constrained microstructured continua à la Germain simplifies numerical analysis of metamaterials
Authors: Spagnuolo Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work we base our analysis on a seminal paper by Paul Germain (1973) in which the principle of virtual work is used to found microstructured continuum mechanics. Recently, it was shown that a particular considered microstructured continuum can be regarded as a second gradient continuum of the kind studied by Germain. To prove how these theoretical ideas can be useful in applications, we present the paradigmatic case of pantographic metamaterials, in which the deformation energy may depend only on placement second gradient being independent on placement first gradient. In this case, the numerical simulations become more efficient by introducing the Lagrange multipliers which are dual in work of the introduced kinematical constraint, so proving that the viewpoint about stress presented originally by Lagrange is the most fruitful one.
Moduli spaces in CFT: large charge operators
Authors: Cuomo Gabriel , Rastelli Leonardo , Sharon Adar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Using the large-charge expansion, we prove a necessary condition for a CFT to exhibit conformal symmetry breaking, under the assumption that a continuous global symmetry is also broken on the moduli space: there must be a tower of charged local operators whose scaling dimensions are asymptotically linear in the charge. In supersymmetric theories with a continuous R-symmetry and a holomorphic moduli space, the existence of such a tower of operators follows trivially from a BPS condition: their scaling dimensions are then exactly linear in the R-charge. We illustrate the more general statement in several examples of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 CFTs, where the leading linear behavior receives nontrivial corrections. By considering a suitable scaling limit, we also relate the spectrum of states with large charge on the cylinder (isomorphic to local operators) to the spectrum of massive particles on the moduli space.
A decomposition of economic growth decompositions
Authors: Oosterhaven Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper critically compares the ability of all three decomposition techniques that explain economic growth and its variation between regions and nations. Old time shift-and-share analysis (S&S) presumes that industry mix and regional competitiveness are all important. Structural decomposition analysis (SDA) presumes that final demand growth and input–output coefficient changes are all that matter. Growth accounting (GA) presumes the same for the growth of production factors and technological progress. This paper concludes that an econometric estimation of a GA equation without its residual factor productivity growth component, but with industry mix and demand components from S&Ss and SDAs, respectively, offers the best approach to explain longer term economic growth and variations therein.
Multireference calculations on bond dissociation and biradical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as guidance for fractional occupation number weighted density analysis in DFT calculations
Authors: Carvalho Jhonatas R. , Nieman Reed , Kertesz Miklos , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Hansen Andreas , Lischka Hans 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores open-shell biradical and polyradical molecular compounds based on extended multireference (MR) methods (MR-configuration interaction with singles and doubles (CISD) and MR-averaged quadratic coupled cluster (AQCC) approach) using the numbers of unpaired densities NU. These results were used to guide the analysis of the fractional occupation number weighted density (FOD) calculated within the finite temperature (FT) density functional theory (DFT) approach. As critical test examples, the dissociation of carbon–carbon (CC) single, double and triple bonds and a benchmark set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been chosen. By examining single, double, and triple bond dissociations, we demonstrate the utility and accuracy but also limitations of the FOD analysis for describing these dissociation processes. In significant extension of previous work (Phys Chem Chem Phys 25: 27380–27393), the assessment of FOD applications for different classes of DFT functionals was performed examining the range-separated functionals ωB97XD, ωB97M-V, CAM-B3LYP, LC-ωPBE, and MN12-SX, the hybrid (M06-2X) functional and the double hybrid (B2P-LYP) functional. In all cases, strong correlations between NFOD and NU values are found. The major task was to develop a new linear regression formula for range-separated functionals allowing a convenient determination of the optimal electronic temperature Tel for the FT-DFT calculation. We also established an optimal temperature for the semiempirical extended tight-binding GFN2-xTB method. These findings significantly broaden the applicability of FOD analysis across various DFT functionals and semiempirical methods.
Determination of unsteady wing loading using tuft visualization
Authors: De Voogt Francis , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnsteady separated flow affects the aerodynamic performance of many large-scale objects, posing challenges for accurate assessment through low-fidelity simulations. Full-scale wind tunnel testing is often impractical due to the object’s physical scale. Small-scale wind tunnel tests can approximate the aerodynamic loading, with tufts providing qualitative validation of surface flow patterns. This investigation demonstrates that tufts can quantitatively estimate unsteady integral aerodynamic lift and pitching moment loading on a wing. We present computational and experimental data for a NACA0012 wing, capturing unsteady surface flow and force coefficients beyond stall. Computational data for varying angles of attack and Reynolds numbers contain the lift coefficient and surface flow. Experimental data, including lift and moment coefficients for a tuft-equipped NACA0012 wing, were obtained at multiple angles of attack and constant Reynolds number. Our results show that a data-driven surrogate model can predict lift and pitching moment fluctuations from visual tuft observations.
Ips typographus vision system: a comprehensive study
Authors: Morgante Giuseppe , Belušič Gregor , Ilić Marko , Škorjanc Aleš , Negrisolo Enrico , Battisti Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aggressive bark beetle species such as the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus play a fundamental role in forest ecosystems but can also lead to extensive forest mortality and massive economic damage during outbreaks. Currently I. typographus’ eyes, visual perception of the world and recognition of specific targets like host plants are understudied topics. Studying its visual sense can open the way to novel efficient monitoring and management methods, particularly important in avoiding the switch from an endemic to an epidemic condition. In addition, the integration of visual cues in trapping systems may offer new opportunities for surveillance. Vision in I. typographus was investigated by means of morphological analysis, electroretinography (ERG), molecular analysis of opsin genes and behavioural tests. ERG has revealed that the compound eyes contain two classes of photoreceptors, maximally sensitive to UV and green at 370 and 530 nm, respectively. The result was further supported by the identification of two relevant opsin genes. Finally, the innate wavelength sensitivity was tested in a Y-maze. Ips typographus consistently preferred UV over non-UV (VIS) light, irrespective of their intensity ratios, but preferred high over low intensity VIS light, consistent with a UV-VIS dichromatic visual system. Overall, the results may open the way to better understand the navigation pattern in tree canopies and the host selection processes of this ecologically and economically important beetle species.
IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis
Authors: Vivarelli Marina , Samuel Susan , Coppo Rosanna , Barratt Jonathan , Bonilla-Felix Melvin , Haffner Dieter , Gibson Keisha , Haas Mark , Abdel-Hafez Maher Ahmed , Adragna Marta , Brogan Paul , Kim Siah , Liu Isaac , Liu Zhi-Hong , Mantan Mukta , Shima Yuko , Shimuzu Masaki , Shen Qian , Trimarchi Hernan , Hahn Deirdre , Hodson Elisabeth , Pfister Ken , Alladin Areefa , Boyer Olivia , Nakanishi Koichi ,   the International Pediatric Nephrology Association
Published: September 2024

AbstractIgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis with nephritis, albeit rare, represent two relatively frequent glomerular conditions in childhood. Compared to adults, pediatric IgA nephropathy has a more acute presentation, most frequently with synpharyngitic macrohematuria and histologically with more intense inflammation and less intense chronic damage. Management of these conditions is controversial and supported by little high-quality evidence. The paucity of evidence is due to the disease heterogeneity, its inter-ethnic variability, and the difficulty of extrapolating data from adult studies due to the peculiarities of the condition in children. IgA vasculitis with nephritis is a kidney manifestation of a systemic disorder, typical of the pediatric age, in which both the diagnosis of kidney involvement and its management are poorly defined, and an interdisciplinary approach is crucial. Both conditions can have a profound and long-lasting impact on kidney function and the global health of affected children. The International Pediatric Nephrology Association has therefore convened a diverse international group of experts from different disciplines to provide guidance on the recommended management of these conditions in children and to establish common definitions and define priorities for future high-quality, evidence-based collaborative studies for the benefit of children.
10Be-derived catchment-wide erosion rates from a high-elevation, low-relief landscape in the Gurktal Alps (Austria): comparison with thermochronological data and implications for landscape evolution
Authors: Hampel Andrea , Wölfler Andreas , Wolff Reinhard , Hetzel Ralf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the mountainous topography and high relief of the Hohe Tauern, the adjacent Nock Mountains (Gurktal Alps) are characterized by hilly topography, lower relief and rounded summits. Although the peculiar landforms in the Nock Mountains have long been recognized, little is known about the rates of landscape evolution in this area. Here we present the first set of 16 10Be-based catchment-wide erosion rates from the Nock Mountains. Our results show that the 10 main catchments erode at rates between ~ 120 and ~ 280 mm/ka. Sub-catchments comprising a high percentage of low-relief surfaces erode at lower rates than the steeper lower parts of the main catchments, which indicates active river incision and relief growth. A comparison between 10Be erosion rates and exhumation rates derived from thermochronology and thermokinematic modelling reveals that short-term and long-term erosion rates are remarkably similar. In the central Nock Mountains, the average 10Be erosion rate (166 ± 35 mm/ka) is almost identical to the average exhumation rate (160 ± 20 m/Ma since ~ 34 Ma). The southern Nock Mountains show a higher 10Be rate (202 ± 58 mm/ka) and a higher long-term exhumation rate (270 ± 30 m/Ma since ~ 18 Ma). The agreement between short-term and long-term erosion rates suggests that average erosion rates in the Nock Mountains did not change significantly during the late Cenozoic. Comparing our data to surrounding regions shows that erosion rates from the Nock Mountains fit to the general W–E decrease in catchment-wide erosion rates observed in the Eastern Alps.
Graphical abstract
Placing the tibial component of an ankle prosthesis: results of a CT-based simulation in healthy adults
Authors: Gahr Patrick , Wittmüß Josephine , Martin Heiner , Beyer Thomas , Fischer Dagmar-C. , Mittlmeier Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To characterize the 3D geometry of the distal tibia resection area from healthy individuals using CT-based digital implantation for proper preoperative sizing of TAA tibia component placement.

Methods
Standardized CT images of healthy ankle joints serving as intra-individual references for treatment of contralateral injuries were identified. The tibial cross section dedicated to virtually host the tibial component was digitally prepared, and the size of the virtual contact surface was calculated. Finally, out of five prototypes the one fitting best in terms of size and alignment was identified.

Results
CT scans taken from 319 subjects were used for the virtual implantation procedure. Body height and size of the distal tibia contact area correlated (r = 0.49 and 0.42 in females and males, each p < 0.001). Prosthesis sizes 2 and 3 fit well for the vast majority of patients, while the smallest and largest sizes are rarely required.

Conclusions
Digital implantation of the tibial component should be considered a valuable tool for preoperative planning as well as for the development of new implant types.
Investigating the performance of PBL parametrizations in WRF model for front enhanced SES simulation in istanbul megacity
Authors: KARA Yiğitalp , Özdemir Emrah Tuncay 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSea-effect snow (SES) is a meteorological phenomenon resulting from cold air moving over warmer waters. Accurate prediction of SES is vital for emergency management, transportation, and water resource planning. A thundersnow event in Istanbul from 17–19 February 2015 caused significant disruptions, with traffic and flights affected, highways temporarily closed, and trees falling due to heavy snowfall. This study investigates the influence of different parameterization schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model on SES simulations. Six distinct PBL parameterization schemes were used in a series of WRF simulations. In addition, the following factors pivotal to SES event have also been investigated: 1000–500 hPa thickness, total and latent heat fluxes, radar and satellite analyses, temperature gradients, wind shear, inversion levels, and atmospheric stability indices. Additionally, the formation of SES during the cold front transition further contributed to these elements in the Black Sea region. The simulations displayed notably high total heat flux and latent heat flux values, particularly following the passage of the cold front. Furthermore, the northeast-southwest oriented SES cloud, distinguished by its banded structure, was successfully validated using radar and satellite imagery. However, it's worth noting that the model positioned it farther west than its actual location. This study highlights the challenges in precise prediction and analysis of such convective activities. In this thundersnow event, the local closure schemes, particularly MYNN in first place and second MYJ, demonstrated superior performance compared to non-local schemes within the parameterization options.
Two versus three magnesium screws for osteosynthesis of mandibular condylar head fractures: a finite element analysis
Authors: Schönegg Daphne , Müller Günter T. , Blumer Michael , Essig Harald , Wagner Maximilian E. H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Previous finite element analyses (FEA) have shown promising results for using two titanium screws in treating mandibular condylar head fractures but limited mechanical stability of a two-screw osteosynthesis with magnesium screws. Given the potential benefits of magnesium screws in terms of biocompatibility and resorption, this study aimed to compare two- and three-screw osteosynthesis solutions for a right condylar head fracture (AO CMF type p) with magnesium screws with a FEA.

Materials and methods
A previously validated finite element model simulating a 350 N bite on the contralateral molars was used to analyze von Mises stress within the screws, fragment deformation, and fracture displacement. All screws were modeled with uniform geometric specifications mirroring the design of Medartis MODUS® Mandible Hexadrive cortical screws.

Results
The three-screw configuration demonstrated lower values for all three parameters compared to the two-screw scenario. There was a 30% reduction in maximum von Mises stress for the top screw and a 46% reduction for the bottom screw.

Conclusions
Fracture treatment with three magnesium screws could be a valuable and sufficiently stable alternative to the established treatment with titanium screws. Further studies on screw geometry could help improve material stability under mechanical loading, enhancing the performance of magnesium screws in clinical applications.

Clinical relevance
The use of magnesium screws for osteosynthesis of mandibular condylar head fractures offers the benefit of reducing the need for second surgery for hardware removal. Clinical data is needed to determine whether the advantages of resorbable screw materials outweigh potential drawbacks in condylar head fracture treatment.
The computational complexity of finding stationary points in non-convex optimization
Authors: Hollender Alexandros , Zampetakis Manolis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFinding approximate stationary points, i.e., points where the gradient is approximately zero, of non-convex but smooth objective functions f over unrestricted d-dimensional domains is one of the most fundamental problems in classical non-convex optimization. Nevertheless, the computational and query complexity of this problem are still not well understood when the dimension d of the problem is independent of the approximation error. In this paper, we show the following computational and query complexity results:

The problem of finding approximate stationary points over unrestricted domains is $${\textsf{PLS}} $$
PLS
-complete.

For $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

, we provide a zero-order algorithm for finding $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-approximate stationary points that requires at most $$O(1/\varepsilon )$$

O
(
1
/
ε
)

value queries to the objective function.

We show that any algorithm needs at least $$\Omega (1/\varepsilon )$$

Ω
(
1
/
ε
)

queries to the objective function and/or its gradient to find $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-approximate stationary points when $$d=2$$

d
=
2

. Combined with the above, this characterizes the query complexity of this problem to be $$\Theta (1/\varepsilon )$$

Θ
(
1
/
ε
)

.

For $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

, we provide a zero-order algorithm for finding $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-KKT points in constrained optimization problems that requires at most $$O(1/\sqrt{\varepsilon })$$

O
(
1
/

ε

)

value queries to the objective function. This closes the gap between works of Bubeck and Mikulincer and Vavasis and characterizes the query complexity of this problem to be $$\Theta (1/\sqrt{\varepsilon })$$

Θ
(
1
/

ε

)

.

Combining our results with a recent result of Fearnley et al., we show that finding approximate KKT points in constrained optimization is reducible to finding approximate stationary points in unconstrained optimization but the converse is impossible.
Learning bivariate scoring functions for ranking
Authors: Nardini Franco Maria , Trani Roberto , Venturini Rossano 
Published: September 2024

AbstractState-of-the-art Learning-to-Rank algorithms, e.g., $$\lambda$$
λ
MART, rely on univariate scoring functions to score a list of items. Univariate scoring functions score each item independently, i.e., without considering the other available items in the list. Nevertheless, ranking deals with producing an effective ordering of the items and comparisons between items are helpful to achieve this task. Bivariate scoring functions allow the model to exploit dependencies between the items in the list as they work by scoring pairs of items. In this paper, we exploit item dependencies in a novel framework—we call it the Lambda Bivariate (LB) framework—that allows to learn effective bivariate scoring functions for ranking using gradient boosting trees. We discuss the three main ingredients of LB: (i) the invariance to permutations property, (ii) the function aggregating the scores of all pairs into the per-item scores, and (iii) the optimization process to learn bivariate scoring functions for ranking using any differentiable loss functions. We apply LB to the $$\lambda$$
λ
Rank loss and we show that it results in learning a bivariate version of $$\lambda$$
λ
MART—we call it Bi-$$\lambda$$
λ
MART—that significantly outperforms all neural-network-based and tree-based state-of-the-art algorithms for Learning-to-Rank. To show the generality of LB with respect to other loss functions, we also discuss its application to the Softmax loss.