bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological response hides behind the species abundance distribution: Community response to low‐intensity disturbance in managed grasslands
Authors: Komonen Atte , Elo Merja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLand‐use and management are disturbance factors that have diverse effects on community composition and structure. In traditional rural grasslands, such as meadows and pastures, low‐intensity management is maintained to enhance biodiversity. Maintenance of road verges, in turn, creates habitat, which may complement traditional rural grasslands. To evaluate the effect of low‐intensity disturbance on insect communities, we characterized species abundance distributions (SAD) for Carabidae, Formicidae, and Heteroptera in three grassland types, which differed in management: meadows, pastures, and road verges. The shape of SAD was estimated with three parameters: abundance decay rate, dominance, and rarity. We compared the SAD shape among the grassland types and tested the effect of environmental heterogeneity (plant species richness) and disturbance intensity (trampling in pastures) on SADs. The shape of SADs did not differ among the grassland types but among the taxonomic groups instead. Abundance decay rate and dominance were larger for Formicidae, and rarity smaller, than for Carabidae and Heteroptera. For Carabidae and window‐trapped Heteroptera, rarity increased with increasing plant species richness. For Formicidae, dominance increased with trampling intensity in pastures. Although the SAD shape remained largely unchanged, the identity of the dominant species tended to vary within and among grassland types. Our study shows that for a given taxonomic group, the SAD shape is similar across habitat types with low‐intensity disturbances resulting from different management. This suggests that SADs respond primarily to the intensity of disturbance and thus could be best used in monitoring communities across strong disturbance and environmental gradients. Because taxonomic groups can inherently have different SADs, taxon‐specific SADs for undisturbed communities must be empirically documented before the SAD shape can be used as an indicator of environmental change. Because the identity of the dominant species changes from management type to another, the SAD shape alone is not an adequate monitoring tool.
Bcl‐3 induced by IL‐22 via STAT3 activation acts as a potentiator of psoriasis‐related gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Tohyama Mikiko , Shirakata Yuji , Hanakawa Yasushi , Dai Xiuju , Shiraishi Ken , Murakami Masamoto , Miyawaki Saori , Mori Hideki , Utsunomiya Ryo , Masuda Kana , Hashimoto Koji , Sayama Koji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIL‐22 induces STAT3 phosphorylation and mediates psoriasis‐related gene expression. However, the signaling mechanism leading from pSTAT3 to the expression of these genes remains unclear. We focused on Bcl‐3, which is induced by STAT3 activation and mediates gene expression. In cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, IL‐22 increased Bcl‐3, which was translocated to the nucleus with p50 via STAT3 activation. The increases in CXCL8, S100As and human β‐defensin 2 mRNA expression caused by IL‐22 were abolished by siRNA against Bcl‐3. Although CCL20 expression was also augmented by IL‐22, the knockdown of Bcl‐3 increased its level. Moreover, the combination of IL‐22 and IL‐17A enhanced Bcl‐3 production, IL‐22‐induced gene expression, and the expression of other psoriasis‐related genes, including those encoding IL‐17C, IL‐19, and IL‐36γ. The expression of these genes (except for CCL20) was also suppressed by the knockdown of Bcl‐3. Bcl‐3 overexpression induced CXCL8 and HBD2 expression but not S100As expression. We also compared Bcl‐3 expression between psoriatic skin lesions and normal skin. Immunostaining revealed strong signals for Bcl‐3 and p50 in the nucleus of epidermal keratinocytes from psoriatic skin. The IL‐22‐STAT3‐Bcl‐3 pathway may be important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Improving Inhibitory Control Abilities (ImpulsE)—A Promising Approach to Treat Impulsive Eating?
Authors: Preuss Hanna , Pinnow Marlies , Schnicker Katja , Legenbauer Tanja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough there is preliminary evidence that inhibitory control training improves impulsive eating, less is known about the effects on eating behaviour and weight loss in clinical samples. Sixty‐nine treatment‐seeking adults with obesity (binge‐eating disorder 33.3%; other specific feeding and eating disorders 40.6%) were randomly blockwise allocated to ImpulsE, an intervention to improve inhibitory control and emotion regulation abilities or a guideline‐appropriate cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)‐based treatment as usual. Self‐reported and performance‐based impulsivity, eating disorder pathology and BMI were compared at baseline (T1), post‐treatment (T2) and 1‐ or 3‐month follow‐up. ImpulsE led to better food‐specific inhibition performance (p = .004), but groups did not differ regarding improvements in global Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) score at T2. At 3‐month follow‐up, binge eaters benefited most from ImpulsE (p = .028) and completers of ImpulsE demonstrated a significantly greater weight reduction (p = .030). The current findings propose ImpulsE as a promising approach to treat obesity, illustrating acceptability and additional benefits for course of weight. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Neural mechanisms of motion perceptual learning in noise
Authors: Chen Nihong , Lu Junshi , Shao Hanyu , Weng Xuchu , Fang Fang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPractice improves our perceptual ability. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this experience‐dependent plasticity in adult brain remain unclear. Here, we studied the long‐term neural correlates of motion perceptual learning. Subjects’ behavioral performance and BOLD signals were tracked before, immediately after, and 2 weeks after practicing a motion direction discrimination task in noise over six daily sessions. Parallel to the specificity and persistency of the behavioral learning effect, we found that training sharpened the cortical tuning in MT, and enhanced the connectivity strength from MT to the intraparietal sulcus (IPS, a motion decision‐making area). In addition, the decoding accuracy for the trained motion direction was improved in IPS 2 weeks after training. The dual changes in the sensory and the high‐level cortical areas suggest that learning refines the neural representation of the trained stimulus and facilitates the information transmission in the decision process. Our findings are consistent with the functional specialization in the visual cortex, and provide empirical evidence to the reweighting theory of perceptual learning at a large spatial scale. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6029–6042, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructural white matter alterations in patients with drug induced parkinsonism
Authors: Lee Yoonju , Ho Choi Yong , Lee Jae Jung , Lee Hye Sun , Sohn Young H. , Lee Jong‐Min , Lee Phil Hyu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDrug‐induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the second most common etiology of parkinsonism. And yet, there is little information on structural imaging in DIP to elucidate the accurate underlying pathomechanisms. To investigate microstructural white matter (WM) in patients with DIP using diffusion tensor image and to determine its relationship to severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms and cognitive function. A total of 42 patients with DIP, 65 with Parkinson's disease, and 33 control subjects were recruited from a movement disorders outpatient clinic. We performed comparative analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values among groups using tract‐based spatial statistics. Correlation analysis between WM integrity and parkinsonian motor symptoms and cognitive performance was also performed in DIP patients using voxel‐wise statistical analysis. DIP patients had significantly lower FA and higher MD values over widespread WM areas than control subjects. The patients with DIP had poor cognitive performance relative to control subjects, which correlated well with WM properties. Additionally, the parkinsonian motor symptoms were negatively correlated with FA values. In contrast, exposure time to the offending drugs prior to the development of parkinsonism or duration of parkinsonism showed no significant association with FA or MD values. The present study demonstrates that disruption of the WM microstructure is extensive in patients with DIP, and it is correlated with clinical parameters of parkinsonism and cognitive performance. This suggests that DIP may be reflective of underlying abnormality of microstructural WM. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6043–6052, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced Serum IGF-1 Associated With Hepatic Osteodystrophy Is a Main Determinant of Low Cortical but Not Trabecular Bone Mass
Authors: Liu Zhongbo , Han Tianzhen , Werner Haim , Rosen Clifford J , Schaffler Mitchell B , Yakar Shoshana 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Hepatic osteodystrophy is multifactorial in its pathogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that impairments of the hepatic growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis (GH/IGF-1) are common in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and chronic cholestatic liver disease. Moreover, these conditions are also associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and greater fracture risk, particularly in cortical bone sites. Hence, we addressed whether disruptions in the GH/IGF-1 axis were causally related to the low bone mass in states of chronic liver disease using a mouse model of liver-specific GH-receptor (GHR) gene deletion (Li-GHRKO). These mice exhibit chronic hepatic steatosis, local inflammation, and reduced BMD. We then employed a crossing strategy to restore liver production of IGF-1 via hepatic IGF-1 transgene (HIT). The resultant Li-GHRKO-HIT mouse model allowed us to dissect the roles of liver-derived IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of osteodystrophy during liver disease. We found that hepatic IGF-1 restored cortical bone acquisition, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties during growth in Li-GHRKO-HIT mice, which was maintained during aging. However, trabecular bone volume was not restored in the Li-GHRKO-HIT mice. We found increased bone resorption indices in vivo as well as increased basal reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial stress in osteoblast cultures from Li-GHRKO and the Li-GHRKO-HIT compared with control mice. Changes in systemic markers such as inflammatory cytokines, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, or carboxy-terminal collagen cross-links could not fully account for the diminished trabecular bone in the Li-GHRKO-HIT mice. Thus, the reduced serum IGF-1 associated with hepatic osteodystrophy is a main determinant of low cortical but not trabecular bone mass. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Renoprotective effects of montelukast in an experimental model of cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Gad Amany M. , El‐Raouf Ola M. Abd , El‐Sayeh Bahia M. , Fawzy Hala M. , Abdallah Dalaal M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRenal toxicity is one of the most severe complications that can occur with cisplatin (CIS) administration in cancer patients. Montelukast (ML) renoprotective outcome contrary to CIS‐drawn nephrotoxicity remains obscure. Therefore, adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were orally given ML (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) 5 days before and after single CIS (5 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment. ML returned blood urea nitrogen, as well as serum creatinine and gamma glutamyl transferase that were elevated by CIS to normal level. The improved kidney function tests corroborated the attenuation of CIS renal injury at the microscopical level. It also reduced serum/renal nitric oxide and renal hemeoxygenase‐1. Meanwhile, ML hindered the raised levels of serum endothelin‐1, serum and renal tumor necrosis factor‐α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. These effects were associated by deceased caspase‐3 expression in kidney after ML treatment. In conclusion, ML guards against CIS‐induced nephrotoxicity via anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
Curcumin alleviates IL‐17A‐mediated p53‐PAI‐1 expression in bleomycin‐induced alveolar basal epithelial cells
Authors: Gouda Mahesh M. , Prabhu Ashwini , Bhandary Yashodhar P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBleomycin‐mediated inflammatory pathway is known to play an important role in the up regulation of oxidative stress. IL‐17A is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in the modulation of fibrosis. The complex underlying mechanism for the said phenomenon remains unclear. This newly defined investigation was designed to understand the changes associated with 1L‐17A mediated up‐regulation of p53 and PAI‐1 expression and the role of curcumin in attenuating this process. A549 cells were treated with bleomycin (BLM) and IL‐17A to induce the inflammatory response in vitro. Curcumin, a known anti‐inflammatory bioactive compound was administered as an intervention. Cytotoxicity in the treatment groups was assessed using Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell migration was evaluated using scratch assay. Protein expressions were studied using Western blot analysis for the downstream effector molecules of IL‐17A mediated inflammatory pathways. In MTT assay, BLM treatment showed cytotoxicty upto 88% at a concentration of 1000 μM after 48 h of treatment. Cell migration assay results revealed that curcumin blocked the migration of cells to the area of the scratch. BLM treatment to the cells significantly induced the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐17A, which in turn modulated p53‐PAI‐1 expression. Bioactive compound curcumin showed anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic activity. Curcumin also regulated the BLM and IL‐17A mediated changes in p53–PAI‐1 expression. Curcumin has the ability to regulate inflammatory cytokines during BLM‐induced injury and their effect on p53‐PAI‐1 expression. It can be used as a potential anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrinolytic component for intervening the epithelial cell damage.Very little information is provided till date on the inflammatory mechanism controlling the fibrinolytic system in acute lung injury (ALI). Damage to alveolar epithelial cells during ALI is important in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Most forms of ALI are characterized by defective alveolar fibrinolysis, inflammation, and fibrotic lesions. Recent reports show that alveolar epithelial cells express uPA, uPAR, and p53‐mediated changes inhibit epithelial cell viability contributing to ALI. Thus, the roles of pulmonary epithelial cells in the inflammatory cascades activated after noninfectious injury, and the key signaling mediators of this process were actively investigated in this study. This investigation revealed that curcumin is an effective inhibitor of BLM‐induced inflammation, apoptosis, and migration of basal alveolar epithelial cells. These results throw an insight into the possibility of developing curcumin as a novel therapeutic for ALI.
Synthesis and evaluation of 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐EDBE‐folate for positron‐emission tomography imaging of overexpressed folate receptors on CT26 tumor cells
Authors: Choi Pyeong Seok , Lee Jun Young , Park Jeong Hoon , Kim Sang Wook 
Published: September 2017

The 68Ga is a positron‐emitting radionuclide that can be combined with bifunctional chelating agents and bioactive substances for use as positron‐emission tomography (PET) diagnostic agents. The HBED‐CC is an acyclic chelating agent that is rapidly labeled with 68Ga under mild conditions. To target cancer cells, bioactive substances can be conjugated to the carboxyl terminus of HBED‐CC. Because folic acid strongly binds to folate receptors that are overexpressed on the surfaces of many types of cancer cells, it was coupled with HBED‐CC through a small polyethylene glycol‐based linker (EDBE) to generate an active, receptor‐selective targeting system. The HBED‐CC‐EDBE‐folate (HCEF) precursor was readily labeled with 68Ga in 5 minutes at room temperature (98% radiochemical yield; 99% radiochemical purity after isolation). In cellular uptake tests, higher uptakes of 68Ga‐HCEF were observed for the CT26 and KB cell lines (which express folate receptors) than for the A549 cell line (which does not). Finally, in vivo micro‐PET measurements over 2 hours of binding in BALB/c mice into which CT26 tumors had been transplanted showed the selective accumulation of 68Ga‐HCEF in the folate receptor‐expressing CT26 tumors. These results confirmed the potential of 68Ga‐HCEF as a PET diagnostic agent for tumors that express folate receptors.
Quantitative evaluation of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy by diffusion tensor imaging: Initial results
Authors: Furman‐Haran Edna , Nissan Noam , Ricart‐Selma Verónica , Martinez‐Rubio Carmen , Degani Hadassa , Camps‐Herrero Julia 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) yields several parameters that have not been tested in response evaluation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).PurposeTo evaluate and compare in reference to histopathology findings the ability of DTI and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI to monitor response to NAC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwenty patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T MRI axial, bilateral T2‐weighted, DTI, and DCE‐MRI.AssessmentA standardized blinded image analysis at pixel resolution generated color‐coded maps of DTI and DCE parametersStatistical TestsPearson's correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plots of the DTI and DCE size changes and of the pathological final residual tumor diameter and DCE or DTI final diameter, from pre‐ to post‐NAC. Spearman coefficient of rank correlation between the DTI and DCE size changes from pre‐ to post‐NAC and Miller and Payne (M&P) pathological response grading. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to differentiate between responders to nonresponders on the basis of the DTI and DCE percent size changes and the changes in DTI parameters.ResultsDTI and DCE changes in the cancers' diameter and volume from pre‐ to post‐NAC exhibited high and significant Pearson correlation (r = 0.82 P = 1.2 × 10−5). The DTI volume changes exhibited a significant Spearman coefficient rank correlation (0.68, P = 0.001) with the pathological M&P grading and differentiated between responders and nonresponders with area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) of 0.83 ± 0.10. A similar AUC for differentiating responders from nonresponders was exhibited by the changes in the highest diffusion coefficient (0.84 ± 0.11) and the mean diffusivity (0.83 ± 0.11). The DTI residual‐tumor‐diameter showed a high and significant Pearson correlation (r = 0.87 P = 1.2 × 10−6) to pathology tumor diameter.Data ConclusionDTI monitors changes in cancer size and diffusion tensor parameters in response to NAC with an accuracy equivalent to that of DCE, enabling differentiation of responders from nonresponders and assessment of residual tumor size in high congruence with pathology.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1080–1090.
Clinically insignificant prostate cancer suitable for active surveillance according to Prostate Cancer Research International: Active surveillance criteria: Utility of PI‐RADS v2
Authors: Yim Jae Hyun , Kim Chan Kyo , Kim Jae‐Hun 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundActive surveillance (AS) is an important treatment strategy for prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) v2 has been addressed, but few studies have reported the value of PI‐RADS v2 for assessing risk stratification in patients with PCa, especially on selecting potential candidates for AS.PurposeTo investigate the utility of PI‐RADS v2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in evaluating patients with insignificant PCa, who are suitable for AS.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 238 patients with PCa who met the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance criteria underwent radical prostatectomy.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, including T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging.AssessmentInsignificant cancer was defined histopathologically as an organ‐confined disease with a tumor volume <0.5 cm3 without Gleason score 4–5. Patients were divided into two groups based on the PI‐RADS v2 and tumor ADC: A, PI‐RADS score ≤3 and ADC ≥1.095 × 10−3mm2/s; and B, PI‐RADS score 4–5 or ADC <1.095 × 10−3mm2/s. Preoperative clinical and imaging variables were evaluated regarding the associations with insignificant cancer.ResultsOf the 238 patients, 101 (42.8%) were diagnosed with insignificant cancer on pathological findings. The number of positive cores, prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD), PI‐RADS v2 and tumor ADC were significantly associated with insignificant cancer on univariate analysis (P < 0.05). However, multivariate analysis indicated tumor ADC (odds ratio [OR] = 4.57, P < 0.001) and PI‐RADS v2 (OR = 3.60, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of insignificant cancer. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) reached 0.803 when PI‐RADS v2 (AUC = 0.747) was combined with tumor ADC (AUC = 0.786).Data ConclusionThe PI‐RADS v2 together with tumor ADC may be a useful marker for predicting patients with insignificant PCa when considering AS.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1072–1079.
Antecedents of organizational and community embeddedness: The roles of support, psychological safety, and need to belong
Authors: Singh Barjinder , Shaffer Margaret A. , Selvarajan T.T. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryDefining embeddedness as a psychological construct that influences individuals to stay, we draw on conservation of resources theory to develop and test a model of the influence of contextual social support resources on both organizational and community forms of embeddedness. In addition to the direct relationship between support and embeddedness, we also assess the mediating influence of organizational and community psychological safety and the moderating impact of need to belong. Using a multisource sample of employees and coworkers (N = 165), we found support for most of the hypotheses. Social support resources emanating from the organization and the community were positively associated with embeddedness in each domain, and psychological safety mediated these relationships. We also found that need to belong was an important boundary condition in the determination of organizational embeddedness. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings.