bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing electrocoagulation process using experimental design for COD removal from unsanitary landfill leachate
Authors: Ogedey Aysenur , Tanyol Mehtap 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Leachate is the most difficult wastewater to be treated due to its complex content and high pollution release. For this reason, since it is not possible to be treated with a single process, a pre-treatment is needed. In the present study, a batch electrocoagulation reactor containing aluminum and iron electrodes was used to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate (Tunceli, Turkey). Optimization of COD elimination was carried out with response surface methodology to describe the interaction effect of four main process independent parameters (current density, inter-electrode distance, pH and time of electrolysis). The optimum current density, inter-electrode distance, pH and time of electrolysis for maximum COD removal (43%) were found to be 19.42 mA/m2, 0.96 cm, 7.23 and 67.64 min, respectively. The results shown that the electrocoagulation process can be used as a pre-treatment step for leachate.
The Effects and Action Mechanisms of Phytoestrogens on Vasomotor Symptoms During Menopausal Transition: Thermoregulatory Mechanism
Authors: Hairi Haryati Ahmad , Shuid Ahmad Nazrun , Ibrahim Nurul ‘Izzah , Jamal Jamia Azdina , Mohamed Norazlina , Mohamed Isa Naina 
Published: August 2017

Background:Phytoestrogens have recently been claimed to positively influence menopausal discomforts, including hot flashes. However, little is known about the influence of phytoestrogens on core body temperature during oestrogen fluctuation at menopause.Objective:Previously published findings showed that phytoestrogens could relieve menopausal complaints, thus, the present review was aimed at assessing the effects of phytoestrogens on thermoregulatory mechanism during menopausal transition.Results:The molecular mechanisms underlying hot flashes are complex. Oestrogen fluctuations cause hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre dysfunction, which leads to hot flashes during menopause. The phytoestrogens of interest, in relation to human health, include isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, and stilbenes, which are widely distributed in nature. The phytoestrogens are capable of reducing hot flashes via their oestrogen-like hormone actions. The potential effects of phytoestrogens on hot flashes and their molecular mechanisms of action on thermoregulatory centre are discussed in this review.Conclusion:The effects of phytoestrogens on these mechanisms may help explain their beneficial effects in alleviating hot flashes and other menopausal discomforts.
LA GESTIÓN DEL AGUA EN UN MUNICÍPIO: UNA OPORTUNIDAD PARA CONECTAR LA ESCUELA, LA CIUDAD Y EL MUNDO
Authors: Riberaygua Marta Fonolleda , Freitas Denise De , Fabrício Tárcio Minto 
Published: August 2017

Abordar en la escuela cuestiones socioambientales como el uso y la gestión del agua en una ciudad supone el reto para los docentes de situarse y operar con fenómenos complejos en entornos también complejos. En este contexto parece significativo apostar por nuevas formas de acercarse al entorno que prioricen las conexiones entre fenómenos, entre espacios y entre niveles escalares, para capacitar a los ciudadanos no sólo para interpretar y representar el mundo, sino también para actuar y aprender en él. Por un lado, integrar la dimensión escalar en la forma de interpretar y representar el mundo, articulando los fenómenos cotidianos con perspectivas locales y globales. Por el otro, conectar la enseñanza aprendizaje con la diversidad de espacios de la ciudad para aprovechar las oportunidades educativas que ofrecen. Desde este planteamiento se presenta una investigación cualitativa que explora la dimensión escalar de un grupo de profesores en formación para identificar los desafíos de una formación de profesorado que considere las competencias que posibilitan conectar la escuela con la ciudad, con las personas y con el mundo.
First philosophy naturalized: Peirce’s place in the Analytic tradition
Authors: Forster Paul 
Published: August 2017

A epistemologia de Charles Sanders Peirce parece paradoxal quando comparada a de Rudolf Carnap e W.V. Quine. Como Carnap, mas diferentemente de Quine, Peirce considera que o conhecimento científico reside em princípios lógicos que devem se sustentar para que o discurso sobre o verdadeiro e o falso tenha sentido. Ele também compartilha a visão de Carnap de que esses princípios são anteriores à, e independentes das constatações nas ciências naturais, uma visão que Quine notoriamente rejeita. Todavia, como Quine, mas diferentemente de Carnap, Peirce insiste que não há conhecimento além daquele que é obtido por meio de testes empíricos, que as verdades da lógica estão epistemologicamente a par das verdades descobertas nas ciências naturais, e que nos revelam algo sobre como as coisas são, em vez de carecerem de conteúdo fatual, como Carnap afirma. Um ar de paradoxo emerge no comprometimento simultâneo de Peirce às visões comumente consideradas próprias das teorias epistemológicas incompatíveis. A análise desse paradoxo pela comparação da concepção de conhecimento de Peirce ao de Quine e Carnap nos ajuda a apreciar melhor sua importância na tradição filosófica e na profundeza e originalidade de suas razões.
Carla Donnini, Contributo a una cronologia del lessico spagnolo. (Terminologia medico-farmacologica del Cinquecento). Università degli Studi di Siena, Facolta di Lingue e Letterature Stranniere, Pisa, 1977; 78 pp.
Authors: Lara Luis Fernando 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Contributo a una cronologia del lessico spagnolo. (Terminologia medico-farmacologica del Cinquecento).
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha. Editada con estudio preliminar y notas por Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce. Editorial Alhambra, Madrid, 1979; 2 ts.: vi + 618, viii + 638 pp.
Authors: Flores R. M. 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Don Quijote de la Mancha. Editada con estudio preliminar y notas por Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce.
Roger Duvivier, Le dynamisme existentiel dans la poésie de Jean de la Croix. Lecture du "Cántico espiritual". Didier, Paris, 1973; 261 pp.
Authors: Colombí-Monguió Alicia de 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Le dynamisme existentiel dans la poésie de Jean de la Croix. Lecture du "Cántico espiritual".
Michael P. Predmore, La poesía hermética de Juan Ramón Jiménez. El "Diario" como centro de su mundo poético. Gredos, Madrid, 1973; 234 pp.
Authors: Gicovate Bernardo 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La poesía hermética de Juan Ramón Jiménez. El "Diario" como centro de su mundo poético.
Creación de mapas batimétricos usando vehículos submarinos autónomos en el río Magdalena
Authors: Chyba Monique , Rader John , Andoinian Michael 
Published: August 2017

The goal is to develop a guidance and navigation algorithm for an AUV to perform high resolution scanning of the constantly changing river bed of the Magdalena River, the main river of Colombia, from the river mouth to a distance of 10 Km upriver, which is considered to be the riskiest section to navigate. Using geometric control we design the required thrust for an under-actuated autonomous underwater vehicle to realize the desired mission.
On the numerical prediction of the ship’s manoeuvring behaviour
Authors: Cura-Hochbaum Andrés 
Published: August 2017

A numerical procedure to predict the manoeuvrability of a ship based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations is described together with some recommended practices to obtain feasible results. The paper is dedicated to surface ships in unrestricted waters where usually only four degrees of freedom (DoF) are relevant. An example for a tanker shows the capability of the proposed method.
Analysis and prediction of welding distortion in complex structures using elastic finite element method
Authors: Vega Sáenz Adán , Plazaola Carlos , Banfield Ilka , Rashed Sherif , Murakawa Hidekazu 
Published: August 2017

The Elastic Finite Element Method based on the inherent strain theory is used to predict the welding distortion of ship structures. In addition, a method to predict welding distortion of complex structures by using elastic FEM is presented. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a typical case of a ship's structure is examined and the resulting welding distortion is compared to that obtained by using thermal elastic-plastic finite element method.
Declining Proportion of Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism to Gross Domestic Product in Nepal
Authors: Sutihar Deo Narayan 
Published: August 2017

This article attempts to estimate annual declining trend of proportion of foreign exchange earnings from tourism to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nepal and test the significance of declining trend of this ratio using time series data of 20 years from FY 1991/92 to FY 2010/11l. It has been that the declining trend of foreign exchange earnings from tourism to GDP ratio is significant. The inequality in the distribution of foreign exchange earnings from tourism to GDP ratio is tolerable. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 45-50
अनुसन्धानको भाषा (Anusandhanko Bhasha)
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari Laxmishara लक्ष्मीशरण 
Published: August 2017

प्रस्तुत लेख साहित्यको अनुसन्धान लेखनमा प्रयोग गरिने भाषा के कस्तो हुनु पर्छ भन्ने विषयमा केन्द्रित छ । यसमा स्पष्ट, वस्तुगत, तार्किक र पूर्वाग्रहरहित भाषाको प्रयोगले अनुसन्धान गहन हुन्छ भन्ने विचार व्यक्त छ । कर्तृवाच्यको प्रयोगले स्पष्ट निर्णय दिन सघाउने हुँदा कर्तृवाच्यको प्रयोगमा जोड दिनु पर्छ । आलङ्कारिक, व्यञ्जनात्मक भाषाले ठोस विचार प्रकट नगर्ने हुँदा अभिधामूलक भाषाको प्रयोग गर्नु उपयुक्त हुन्छ । शोध औपचारिक प्रक्रिया भएकाले मानक भाषाको प्रयोगउपयुक्त मानिन्छ । सुरुदेखि अन्त्यसम्म वर्णविन्यासगत एकरूपता कायम गर्नु पर्छ । अरूका विचारलाई स्रोत दिएर मात्र उपयोग गर्नुपर्छ । लामा वाक्यहरु काँटछाँट गर्ने, अति छोटा वाक्यहरु जोड्ने, लामा अनुच्छेद नबनाउने, अनुच्छेदमा नजोडिएका वाक्यहरु हटाउने, एकता र व्यवस्थापनमा जोड दिने कुरामा सचेत रहनु पर्छ । प्रत्येक शब्द, वाक्य र अनुच्छेद लेख्दा कहाँनेर त्रुटि भएको छ भन्ने कुरामा सचे तता अपनाई पुनर्लेखन गरिरहनु पर्छ । Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 73-81
Study of Physico-Chemical Parameter of Deepang lake in Pokhara Valley, Nepal
Authors: Bastola Shubhas C. 
Published: August 2017

The present study on Physico-chemical Parameter of Deepang lake in Pokhara valley, Nepal was performed for six months from August 2009 to January 2010. The study included various physico-chemistry parameter like transparency, temperature, PH, free carbondioxide, dissolve oxygen and total alkalinity. The maximum transparency 2.5 m was recorded in January and minimum 1.4 m in August. In other months the transparency were slightly changeable. The maximum temperature 25.6°C was recorded in August and minimum 17.7°C in January. The temperature gradually decreased. The PH values were found mostly alkaline and were generally between 6.7 and 7.5 during the investigation period. The highest PH 7.5 was recorded in January and lowest 6.7 in August. Dissolved oxygen value gradually increased from 6.4 mg/l in August to 8.7 mg/l in January. The concentration of free CO2 ranged between 1.8 mg/l and 5.6 mg/l during the investigation period. The maximum value was 5.6 mg/l in August and 1.8 mg/l in January. The maximum alkaline value 114 mg/l was recorded in January and minimum value 105 mg/l in August. All these Physico-chemical parameter meet WHO Standard of Water Quality. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 90-95
Isolation of Coliphage from Fewa Lake
Authors: Adhikari Subash 
Published: August 2017

Bacteriophages are host specific viruses targeting only certain types of bacteria. Bacteriophages infecting E-coli are called coliphages. The suspension was prepared from water and tested for the presence of phage. Isolation of bacteriophage by infecting host and experiment isolate coliphage from 45ml water from Fewa Lake by introducing them to 24hrs old culture of E-coli followed with centrifugation and filtration. This study was conducted to study virus-bacteria relationship and if phage could be used to remove fecal coliform from Fewa lake. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 96-100
Correlates of Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) among Youths in Nepal
Authors: KC Vikash Kumar , Karki Shiva Bahadur , Niraula Bipin Raj 
Published: August 2017

Cross sectional and nationally representative sample drawn from Nepal Adolescent and Youth Survey 2011, this paper attempts to examine the correlates associated with knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young population in Nepal. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used to examine the correlates associated with the knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases among youths. Bivariate analysis reveals that education, mass media exposure, mother’s education, marital status, ecological belts and regions are significantly associated (p<0.001). However, multivariate analysis shows that education and mass media exposure are the strong factors (p<0.001) associated with knowledge of at least one STD among youths after controlling others variables in the model. A special attention should be given to girls’ education particularly for the rural, remote and interior parts of the country. In addition, IEC through mass media may be an immediate action to improve the level of knowledge and awareness about STDs among youths in Nepal. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 101-109
The Magnitude of Viscous Dissipation in Strongly Stratified Two-dimensional Convection
Authors: Currie Laura K. , Browning Matthew K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Convection in astrophysical systems must be maintained against dissipation. Although the effects of dissipation are often assumed to be negligible, theory suggests that in strongly stratified convecting fluids, the dissipative heating rate can exceed the luminosity carried by convection. Here, we explore this possibility using a series of numerical simulations. We consider two-dimensional numerical models of hydrodynamic convection in a Cartesian layer under the anelastic approximation and demonstrate that the dissipative heating rate can indeed exceed the imposed luminosity. We establish a theoretical expression for the ratio of the dissipative heating rate to the luminosity emerging at the upper boundary, in terms only of the depth of the layer and the thermal scale height. In particular, we show that this ratio is independent of the diffusivities and confirm this with a series of numerical simulations. Our results suggest that dissipative heating may significantly alter the internal dynamics of stars and planets.
Compensating Faraday Depolarization by Magnetic Helicity in the Solar Corona
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Ashurova Mohira B. , Jabbari Sarah 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A turbulent dynamo in spherical geometry with an outer corona is simulated to study the sign of magnetic helicity in the outer parts. In agreement with earlier studies, the sign in the outer corona is found to be opposite to that inside the dynamo. Line-of-sight observations of polarized emission are synthesized to explore the feasibility of using the local reduction of Faraday depolarization to infer the sign of helicity of magnetic fields in the solar corona. This approach was previously identified as an observational diagnostic in the context of galactic magnetic fields. Based on our simulations, we show that this method can be successful in the solar context if sufficient statistics are gathered by using averages over ring segments in the corona separately for the regions north and south of the solar equator.
L’autofinancement : théorie, questions de méthode et tentative de cadrage macro-économique pour la France (1914-1990)
Authors: Hautcœur Pierre-Cyrille 
Published: August 2017

Il existe une préférence pour l’autofinancement liée aux imperfections du marché financier, mais aussi à la persistance de l’entreprise individuelle. De plus, jusqu’en 1949, les données statistiques sont incertaines. D’une étude menée sur les opérations financières des entreprises françaises cotées à la bourse de Paris il ressort que le rôle de l’autofinancement a beaucoup diminué après 1914. Entre les deux guerres, les secteurs nouveaux procèdent à de massives émissions boursières tandis que diminuent les taux d’autofinancement des secteurs traditionnels. Après le second conflit mondial, se succèdent deux phases : la première, d’autofinancement élevé, jusqu’aux années 1970 ; la seconde, de baisse de cet autofinancement, après cette date. Mais les clivages sectoriels subsistent, entre secteurs amont à forts investissements et autofinancement faible et secteurs aval moins endettés, plus profitables mais non plus productifs.
Ajustement des effectifs et migrations dans une petite entreprise du bâtiment (région parisienne, milieu du XX e siècle)
Authors: Martini Manuela 
Published: August 2017

L’article concerne les pratiques de recrutement dans une PME de maçonnerie de l’Est de la banlieue parisienne, dont la taille a connu de grandes oscillations entre les années 1920 et les années 1980. Il analyse les préférences qui orientent l’entrepreneur lors d’une période d’embauche intense : lieu d’origine, âge ou qualification de la main-d’œuvre. Malgré les apparences, la proximité culturelle et les liens personnels (effets des réseaux migratoires et de l’origine régionale ou nationale commune) ne sont pas nécessairement déterminants dans le recrutement. À la place, le niveau de qualification des employés peut se révéler décisif, tant pour l’entrée dans l’entreprise que pour la stabilisation de la main-d’œuvre.
Contribution de la formation continue et du système documentaire dans l’amélioration des processus de production de la canne à sucre : cas de SARIS Congo
Authors: Boukoulou H. , Bakouetila Mialoundama G. F. , Bachet D. , Sebag J. , Viremouneix T. , Makélé R. , Mbika B. F. , Ndoundou S. A. 
Published: August 2017

L’exercice des activités agricoles est confronté à des évolutions profondes et extrêmement rapides sous l’influence des nouvelles techniques et méthodes d’organisation du travail. Cette étude réalisée à Saris Congo , permet de mettre en exergue la contribution de la formation continue et du système documentaire dans l’amélioration des processus de production. Pour cela, nous nous sommes basés sur une recherche documentaire, complétée par des entretiens semi-directifs ainsi que le recueil d’informations relatives à la formation des agents de la Direction des Cultures. Il ressort de cette étude, plusieurs types de formation : selon la durée, l’objectif de formation poursuivi, le statut de la personne et la formation sur le tas. Le taux d’accès à la formation est élevé chez les salariés ayant un CDI et dont le besoin en formation représente une priorité pour la maîtrise de l’innovation, l’adaptation à l’évolution de l’emploi ou le renforcement des effectifs des agents de production. Le processus de formation représente un enjeu stratégique dans la recherche de l’efficience, c’est pourquoi il est utile de l’insérer dans une dynamique d’assurance qualité où les outils de la qualité joueront un rôle important.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the High Affinity IgG Receptor FcγRI Reduce Immune Complex Binding and Downstream Effector Functions
Authors: Brandsma Arianne M. , ten Broeke Toine , van Dueren den Hollander Evelien , Caniels Thomas G. , Kardol-Hoefnagel Tineke , Kuball Jürgen , Leusen Jeanette H. W. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Binding of IgG Abs to FcγRs on immune cells induces FcγR cross-linking that leads to cellular effector functions, such as phagocytosis, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and cytokine release. However, polymorphisms in low affinity FcγRs have been associated with altered avidity toward IgG, thereby substantially impacting clinical outcomes of multimodular therapy when targeting cancer or autoimmune diseases with mAbs as well as the frequency and severity of autoimmune diseases. In this context, we investigated the consequences of three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the high affinity receptor for IgG, FcγRI. Only SNP V39I, located in the extracellular domain of FcγRI, reduces immune-complex binding of FcγRI whereas monomeric IgG binding is unaffected. This leads to reduced FcγRI effector functions, including Fc receptor γ-chain signaling and intracellular calcium mobilization. SNPs I301M and I338T, located in the transmembrane or intracellular domain, respectively, have no influence on monomeric IgG or immune complex binding, but FcRγ signaling is decreased for both SNPs, especially for I338T. We also found that the frequency of these SNPs in a cohort of healthy Dutch individuals is very low within the population. To our knowledge, this study addresses for the first time the biological consequences of SNPs in the high affinity FcγR, and reveals reduction in several FcγRI functions, which have the potential to alter efficacy of therapeutic Abs.
Dierenmishandelaars in beeld
Authors: Hardeman Manon , van Wijk Anton 
Published: August 2017

Background characteristics of animal abusers
In the media one notices items on mistreatment of animals on a regular basis. These can cause intense agitation in the society. Think of the many horses that have been abused throughout the country in 2012. This case remains unsolved to this day. The question is: who does this, who are the animal abusers, what are their characteristics and backgrounds? After a long search in several registration systems of many institutions the characteristics and backgrounds of 97 animal abusers have been found. The data of the institutions have also been used to create an image of the nature and extent of animal abuse. Subsequently there have been interviews with several experts from different organisations to record their knowledge and experience and to indicate the results. The characteristics and backgrounds of the animal abusers are diverse. Their ages range from 7 to 85 years. The offenders are an average of 34 years old at the time of committing the animal abuse. Animal abusers are not notorious criminals. Half is reported to be the first offender according to police data. The other half commits all forms of crime. This includes the share of capital offenses (34%) and violent crimes (23%). Dogs are most often abused. The motives are diverse. Disappearing anger and frustration seems to be an important reason to abuse animals. Only nine people found that there was domestic violence in addition to animal abuse. An initial classification of types of animal traffickers in, amongst others, group planners, loners and sadists, has to be empirically substantiated.