bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infraspinatus Cross-Sectional Area and Shoulder Range of Motion Change Following Live-Game Baseball Pitching
Authors: Pexa Brett S. , Ryan Eric D. , Hibberd Elizabeth E. , Teel Elizabeth , Rucinski Terri Jo , Myers Joseph B. 
Published: November 2017

Context:Following a baseball pitching bout, changes can occur to glenohumeral range of motion that could be linked to injury. These effects are in part due to the posterior shoulder’s eccentric muscle activity, which can disrupt muscle contractile elements and lead to changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), as measured by ultrasound.Objective:To assess changes in muscle CSA, and range of motion immediately before and after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following pitching.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Satellite athletic training room.Patients:Ten elite college baseball pitchers participating in the fall season (age: 18.8 [1.2] y, height: 189.2 [7.3] cm, mass: 93.1 [15.3] kg, 8 starters, 2 long relievers).Intervention:A pitching bout of at least 25 pitches (63.82 [17.42] pitches).Main Outcome Measures:Dominant and nondominant infraspinatus CSA, as measured by ultrasound, and glenohumeral range of motion including internal rotation (IRROM), external rotation (ERROM), and total rotation range of motion (TROM) before pitching, after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following the pitching bout.Results:Dominant limb CSA significantly increased day 1 after pitching, and returned to baseline on day 2 (P < .001). Dominant and nondominant TROM did not change until day 5 (4.4°,P < .001) and day 3 (4.5°,P < .001), respectively, where they increased. Dominant IRROM was significantly decreased for 3 days (day 1: 1.9°,P < .001; day 2: 3.1°,P < .001; day 3: 0.3°,P < .001) following pitching and returned to baseline on day 4, with no such changes in the nondominant limb. Dominant external rotation significantly increased immediately post pitching (4.4°,P < .001) but returned to baseline by day 1.Conclusions:The results of the study demonstrate that infraspinatus CSA does not recover until 2 days following pitching, and IRROM does not recover until 4 days following pitching. Baseball pitching elicits damage to the posterior shoulder muscle architecture, resulting in changes to physical characteristics that last up to 4 days following pitching.
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Garcia Lynne S. , Arrowood Michael , Kokoskin Evelyne , Paltridge Graeme P. , Pillai Dylan R. , Procop Gary W. , Ryan Norbert , Shimizu Robyn Y. , Visvesvara Govinda 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYThis Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology document on the laboratory diagnosis of parasites from the gastrointestinal tract provides practical information for the recovery and identification of relevant human parasites. The document is based on a comprehensive literature review and expert consensus on relevant diagnostic methods. However, it does not include didactic information on human parasite life cycles, organism morphology, clinical disease, pathogenesis, treatment, or epidemiology and prevention. As greater emphasis is placed on neglected tropical diseases, it becomes highly probable that patients with gastrointestinal parasitic infections will become more widely recognized in areas where parasites are endemic and not endemic. Generally, these methods are nonautomated and require extensive bench experience for accurate performance and interpretation.
The Epstein-Barr Virus Episome Maneuvers between Nuclear Chromatin Compartments during Reactivation
Authors: Moquin Stephanie A. , Thomas Sean , Whalen Sean , Warburton Alix , Fernandez Samantha G. , McBride Alison A. , Pollard Katherine S. , Miranda JJ L. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The human genome is structurally organized in three-dimensional space to facilitate functional partitioning of transcription. We learned that the latent episome of the human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) preferentially associates with gene-poor chromosomes and avoids gene-rich chromosomes. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus behaves similarly, but human papillomavirus does not. Contacts on the EBV side localize to OriP, the latent origin of replication. This genetic element and the EBNA1 protein that binds there are sufficient to reconstitute chromosome association preferences of the entire episome. Contacts on the human side localize to gene-poor and AT-rich regions of chromatin distant from transcription start sites. Upon reactivation from latency, however, the episome moves away from repressive heterochromatin and toward active euchromatin. Our work adds three-dimensional relocalization to the molecular events that occur during reactivation. Involvement of myriad interchromosomal associations also suggests a role for this type of long-range association in gene regulation.

IMPORTANCE
The human genome is structurally organized in three-dimensional space, and this structure functionally affects transcriptional activity. We set out to investigate whether a double-stranded DNA virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), uses mechanisms similar to those of the human genome to regulate transcription. We found that the EBV genome associates with repressive compartments of the nucleus during latency and with active compartments during reactivation. This study advances our knowledge of the EBV life cycle, adding three-dimensional relocalization as a novel component to the molecular events that occur during reactivation. Furthermore, the data add to our understanding of nuclear compartments, showing that disperse interchromosomal interactions may be important for regulating transcription.
Entry of Human Coronavirus NL63 into the Cell
Authors: Milewska Aleksandra , Nowak Paulina , Owczarek Katarzyna , Szczepanski Artur , Zarebski Miroslaw , Hoang Agnieszka , Berniak Krzysztof , Wojarski Jacek , Zeglen Slawomir , Baster Zbigniew , Rajfur Zenon , Pyrc Krzysztof 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The first steps of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) infection were previously described. The virus binds to target cells by use of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and interacts with the ACE2 protein. Subsequent events, including virus internalization and trafficking, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we mapped the process of HCoV-NL63 entry into the LLC-Mk2 cell line and
ex vivo
three-dimensional (3D) tracheobronchial tissue. Using a variety of techniques, we have shown that HCoV-NL63 virions require endocytosis for successful entry into the LLC-MK2 cells, and interaction between the virus and the ACE2 molecule triggers recruitment of clathrin. Subsequent vesicle scission by dynamin results in virus internalization, and the newly formed vesicle passes the actin cortex, which requires active cytoskeleton rearrangement. Finally, acidification of the endosomal microenvironment is required for successful fusion and release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. For 3D tracheobronchial tissue cultures, we also observed that the virus enters the cell by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but we obtained results suggesting that this pathway may be bypassed.

IMPORTANCE
Available data on coronavirus entry frequently originate from studies employing immortalized cell lines or undifferentiated cells. Here, using the most advanced 3D tissue culture system mimicking the epithelium of conductive airways, we systematically mapped HCoV-NL63 entry into susceptible cells. The data obtained allow for a better understanding of the infection process and may support development of novel treatment strategies.
Loss of PopZ

At

activity in
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
by Deletion or Depletion Leads to Multiple Growth Poles, Minicells, and Growth Defects
Authors: Grangeon Romain , Zupan John , Jeon Yeonji , Zambryski Patricia C. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Agrobacterium tumefaciens
grows by addition of peptidoglycan (PG) at one pole of the bacterium. During the cell cycle, the cell needs to maintain two different developmental programs, one at the growth pole and another at the inert old pole. Proteins involved in this process are not yet well characterized. To further characterize the role of pole-organizing protein
A. tumefaciens
PopZ (PopZ

At

), we created deletions of the five PopZ

At

domains and assayed their localization. In addition, we created a
popZ

At

deletion strain (Δ
popZ

At

) that exhibited growth and cell division defects with ectopic growth poles and minicells, but the strain is unstable. To overcome the genetic instability, we created an inducible PopZ

At

strain by replacing the native ribosome binding site with a riboswitch. Cultivated in a medium without the inducer theophylline, the cells look like Δ
popZ

At

cells, with a branching and minicell phenotype. Adding theophylline restores the wild-type (WT) cell shape. Localization experiments in the depleted strain showed that the domain enriched in proline, aspartate, and glutamate likely functions in growth pole targeting. Helical domains H3 and H4 together also mediate polar localization, but only in the presence of the WT protein, suggesting that the H3 and H4 domains multimerize with WT PopZ

At

, to stabilize growth pole accumulation of PopZ

At

.

IMPORTANCE
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
is a rod-shaped bacterium that grows by addition of PG at only one pole. The factors involved in maintaining cell asymmetry during the cell cycle with an inert old pole and a growing new pole are not well understood. Here we investigate the role of PopZ

At

, a homologue of
Caulobacter crescentus
PopZ (PopZ

Cc

), a protein essential in many aspects of pole identity in
C. crescentus
. We report that the loss of PopZ

At

leads to the appearance of branching cells, minicells, and overall growth defects. As many plant and animal pathogens also employ polar growth, understanding this process in
A. tumefaciens
may lead to the development of new strategies to prevent the proliferation of these pathogens. In addition, studies of
A. tumefaciens
will provide new insights into the evolution of the genetic networks that regulate bacterial polar growth and cell division.
Biomarkers of tubulointerstitial damage and function in type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Boer Ian H , Gao Xiaoyu , Bebu Ionut , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Lachin John M , Paterson Andrew , Perkins Bruce A , Saenger Amy K , Steffes Michael W , Zinman Bernard , Molitch Mark E 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate biomarkers of renal tubulointerstitial damage and function in type 1 diabetes with and without diabetic kidney disease.Research design and methodsCross-sectional case-control study of Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study participants. Cases (N=43) had incident persistent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2with urinary albumin excretion>300 mg/24 hour. Controls (N=43) had persistent eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73 m2and urinary albumin excretion <30 mg/24 hour. Urinary and plasma biomarkers reflecting tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis, secretion, and synthetic function were measured from stored specimens collected at the first study visit with reduced eGFR (for case participants) or the corresponding study year (for control participants).ResultsMean (SD) age was 51 (9) and 50 (8) years for case and control participants, and mean (SD) duration of diabetes was 30 (6) and 30 (5) years, respectively. Mean (SD) eGFR was 39 (14) and 103 (9) mL/min/1.73 m2for case and control participants, and mean (SD) albumin excretion rate was 1978 (2914) and 10 (7) mg/day, respectively. Comparing cases with controls, significant differences were observed in each measured biomarker, including urine epidermal growth factor (mean 5.3 vs 21.2 μg/g creatinine for case vs control participants, respectively), urine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (596 vs 123 ng/g creatinine), urine galectin-3 (168 vs 52 μg/g creatinine), plasma soluble tubular necrosis factor receptor-1 (3695 vs 1022 pg/mL), plasma galectin-3 (21.3 vs 11.0 ng/mL), urinary clearances of hippurate (70 vs 167 mL/min) and cinnamoylglycine (77 vs 317 mL/min), and plasma arginine-citrulline ratio (5.6 vs 7.7 μg/μg), each P<0.001.ConclusionsMarked abnormalities in biomarkers of kidney tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis, secretion, and synthetic function accompany reduced eGFR and albuminuria in type 1 diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT00360893,NCT00360815.
Estimating the need for inpatient neonatal services: an iterative approach employing evidence and expert consensus to guide local policy in Kenya
Authors: Murphy Georgina A V , Waters Donald , Ouma Paul O , Gathara David , Shepperd Sasha , Snow Robert W , English Mike 
Published: November 2017

Universal access to quality newborn health services will be essential to meeting specific Sustainable Development Goals to reduce neonatal and overall child mortality. Data for decision making are crucial for planning services and monitoring progress in these endeavours. However, gaps in local population-level and facility-based data hinder estimation of health service requirements for effective planning in many low-income and middle-income settings.We worked with local policy makers and experts in Nairobi City County, an area with a population of four million and the highest neonatal mortality rate amongst counties in Kenya, to address this gap, and developed a systematic approach to use available data to support policy and planning. We developed a framework to identify major neonatal conditions likely to require inpatient neonatal care and identified estimates of incidence through literature review and expert consultation, to give an overall estimate for the year 2017 of the need for inpatient neonatal care, taking account of potential comorbidities.Our estimates suggest that almost 1 in 5 newborns (183/1000 live births) in Nairobi City County may need inpatient care, resulting in an estimated 24 161 newborns expected to require care in 2017. Our approach has been well received by local experts, who showed a willingness to work together and engage in the use of evidence in healthcare planning. The process highlighted the need for co-ordinated thinking on admission policy and referral care especially in a pluralistic provider environment helping build further appetite for data-informed decision making.
EULAR/ACR classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups: a methodology report
Authors: Bottai Matteo , Tjärnlund Anna , Santoni Giola , Werth Victoria P , Pilkington Clarissa , de Visser Marianne , Alfredsson Lars , Amato Anthony A , Barohn Richard J , Liang Matthew H , Singh Jasvinder A , Aggarwal Rohit , Arnardottir Snjolaug , Chinoy Hector , Cooper Robert G , Danko Katalin , Dimachkie Mazen M , Feldman Brian M , García-De La Torre Ignacio , Gordon Patrick , Hayashi Taichi , Katz James D , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Lachenbruch Peter A , Lang Bianca A , Li Yuhui , Oddis Chester V , Olesinka Marzena , Reed Ann M , Rutkowska-Sak Lidia , Sanner Helga , Selva-O’Callaghan Albert , Wook Song Yeong , Vencovsky Jiri , Ytterberg Steven R , Miller Frederick W , Rider Lisa G , Lundberg Ingrid E 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the methodology used to develop new classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and their major subgroups.MethodsAn international, multidisciplinary group of myositis experts produced a set of 93 potentially relevant variables to be tested for inclusion in the criteria. Rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric clinics worldwide collected data on 976 IIM cases (74% adults, 26% children) and 624 non-IIM comparator cases with mimicking conditions (82% adults, 18% children). The participating clinicians classified each case as IIM or non-IIM. Generally, the classification of any given patient was based on few variables, leaving remaining variables unmeasured. We investigated the strength of the association between all variables and between these and the disease status as determined by the physician. We considered three approaches: (1) a probability-score approach, (2) a sum-of-items approach criteria and (3) a classification-tree approach.ResultsThe approaches yielded several candidate models that were scrutinised with respect to statistical performance and clinical relevance. The probability-score approach showed superior statistical performance and clinical practicability and was therefore preferred over the others. We developed a classification tree for subclassification of patients with IIM. A calculator for electronic devices, such as computers and smartphones, facilitates the use of the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria.ConclusionsThe new EULAR/ACR classification criteria provide a patient’s probability of having IIM for use in clinical and research settings. The probability is based on a score obtained by summing the weights associated with a set of criteria items.
Fast oscillation dynamics during hypsarrhythmia as a localization biomarker
Authors: Kim Min-Jee , Yum Mi-Sun , Yeh Hye-Ryun , Ko Tae-Sung 
Published: November 2017

Hypsarrhythmia in West syndrome, although hard to define, is characterized by chaotic and disorganized electrical activity of the brain and is often regarded as a generalized EEG pattern without any localization value. Using event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP), we tried to determine the brain dynamics during hypsarrhythmia. Routine 1-h scalp EEGs were retrieved from 31 patients with infantile spasms and 20 age-matched controls. Using the EEGLAB toolbox of MATLAB 2015b, the ERSPs of fast oscillations (FOs; 20–100 Hz) of selected channels were analyzed and compared among groups according to their MRI lesions. FO-ERSP cutoff values for predicting the pathologic foci were estimated. The mean FO-ERSPs across all analyzed electrodes of patients with spasms were significantly higher than those of controls. When the patients were categorized into nonlesional, focal/multifocal, or diffuse lesional groups, the FO-ERSP of patients in the focal/multifocal lesional group was significantly lower than that of those in the nonfocal or diffuse lesional groups. In the focal/multifocal lesional group, seven patients (7/9, 77.8%) showed that the locations of channels with high FO-ERSPs were matched to the pathologic MRI lesions. Thus, the localization of high FO-ERSPs is closely associated with the location of pathologic brain lesions. Further research is required to prove the value of the FO-ERSP as an important quantitative localizing biomarker of West syndrome. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The locations of high fast oscillation-event-related spectral perturbations (FO-ERSPs) are closely associated with brain pathologic lesions, and high FO-ERSPs can be used as a localization biomarker of pathologic brain lesions in patients with hypsarrhythmia. With further validation, FO-ERSP might be useful as a biomarker for the localization of hidden pathologies in conditions with generalized epileptiform activities such as West syndrome.
Abnormal visual gain control and excitotoxicity in early-onset Parkinson’s disease Drosophila models
Authors: Himmelberg Marc M. , West Ryan J. H. , Elliott Christopher J. H. , Wade Alex R. 
Published: November 2017

The excitotoxic theory of Parkinson’s disease (PD) hypothesizes that a pathophysiological degeneration of dopaminergic neurons stems from neural hyperactivity at early stages of disease, leading to mitochondrial stress and cell death. Recent research has harnessed the visual system of Drosophila PD models to probe this hypothesis. Here, we investigate whether abnormal visual sensitivity and excitotoxicity occur in early-onset PD (EOPD) Drosophila models DJ-1αΔ 72, DJ-1βΔ 93, and PINK15. We used an electroretinogram to record steady-state visually evoked potentials driven by temporal contrast stimuli. At 1 day of age, all EOPD mutants had a twofold increase in response amplitudes compared with w̄ controls. Furthermore, we found that excitotoxicity occurs in older EOPD models after increased neural activity is triggered by visual stimulation. In an additional analysis, we used a linear discriminant analysis to test whether there were subtle variations in neural gain control that could be used to classify Drosophila into their correct age and genotype. The discriminant analysis was highly accurate, classifying Drosophila into their correct genotypic class at all age groups at 50–70% accuracy (20% chance baseline). Differences in cellular processes link to subtle alterations in neural network operation in young flies, all of which lead to the same pathogenic outcome. Our data are the first to quantify abnormal gain control and excitotoxicity in EOPD Drosophila mutants. We conclude that EOPD mutations may be linked to more sensitive neuronal signaling in prodromal animals that may cause the expression of PD symptomologies later in life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Steady-state visually evoked potential response amplitudes to multivariate temporal contrast stimuli were recorded in early-onset PD Drosophila models. Our data indicate that abnormal gain control and a subsequent visual loss occur in these PD mutants, supporting a broader excitotoxicity hypothesis in genetic PD. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis could accurately classify Drosophila into their correct genotype at different ages throughout their lifespan. Our results suggest increased neural signaling in prodromal PD patients.
Atypical G Protein β5 Promotes Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Fibrotic Remodeling in Response to Multiple Cancer Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Chakraborti Sreemoyee , Pramanick Arnab , Saha Sudipta , Roy Somnath Singha , Chaudhuri Arnab Ray , Das Madhusudan , Ghosh Sujoy , Stewart Adele , Maity Biswanath 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The clinical use of multiple classes of cancer chemotherapeutics is limited by irreversible, dose-dependent, and sometimes life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Though distinct in their mechanisms of action, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and 5-FU all induce rapid and robust upregulation of atypical G protein Gβ5 in the myocardium correlating with oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, and the accumulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. In ventricular cardiac myocytes (VCM), Gβ5 deficiency provided substantial protection against the cytotoxic actions of chemotherapeutics, including reductions in oxidative stress and simultaneous attenuation of ROS-dependent activation of the ATM and CaMKII proapoptotic signaling cascades. In addition, Gβ5 loss allowed for maintenance of Δψm, basal mitochondrial calcium uniporter expression, and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, effects likely to preserve functional myocyte excitation–contraction coupling. The deleterious effects of Gβ5 are not restricted to VCM, however, as Gβ5 knockdown also reduces chemotherapy-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα), hypertrophic factors (e.g., ANP), and profibrotic factors (e.g., TGFβ1) from both VCM and ventricular cardiac fibroblasts, with the most dramatic reduction occurring in cocultured cells. Our experiments suggest that Gβ5 facilitates the myofibroblast transition, the persistence of which contributes to pathologic remodeling and heart failure. The convergence of Gβ5-mediated, ROS-dependent signaling pathways in both cell types represents a critical etiological factor in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Indeed, intracardiac injection of Gβ5-targeted shRNA allowed for heart-specific protection against the damaging impact of chronic chemotherapy. Together, our results suggest that inhibition of Gβ5 might represent a novel means to circumvent cardiotoxicity in cancer patients whose treatment regimens include anthracyclines, taxanes, or fluoropyrimidines.
Significance: These findings suggest that inhibiting an atypical G-protein might provide a strategy to limit the cardiotoxicity in cancer patients treated with anthracyclines, taxanes, or fluoropyrimidines. Cancer Res; 78(2); 528–41. ©2017 AACR.