bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal microbiota and cytokine profiles of rural Cambodian infants linked to diet and diarrhoeal episodes
Authors: Dalby Matthew J. , Kiu Raymond , Serghiou Iliana R. , Miyazaki Asuka , Acford-Palmer Holly , Tung Rathavy , Caim Shabhonam , Phillips Sarah , Kujawska Magdalena , Matsui Mitsuaki , Iwamoto Azusa , Taking Bunsreng , Cox Sharon E. , Hall Lindsay J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota of infants in low- to middle-income countries is underrepresented in microbiome research. This study explored the faecal microbiota composition and faecal cytokine profiles in a cohort of infants in a rural province of Cambodia and investigated the impact of sample storage conditions and infant environment on microbiota composition. Faecal samples collected at three time points from 32 infants were analysed for microbiota composition using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and concentrations of faecal cytokines. Faecal bacterial isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing and genomic analysis. We compared the effects of two sample collection methods due to the challenges of faecal sample collection in a rural location. Storage of faecal samples in a DNA preservation solution preserved Bacteroides abundance. Microbiota analysis of preserved samples showed that Bifidobacterium was the most abundant genus with Bifidobacterium longum the most abundant species, with higher abundance in breast-fed infants. Most infants had detectable pathogenic taxa, with Shigella and Klebsiella more abundant in infants with recent diarrhoeal illness. Neither antibiotics nor infant growth were associated with gut microbiota composition. Genomic analysis of isolates showed gene clusters encoding the ability to digest human milk oligosaccharides in B. longum and B. breve isolates. Antibiotic-resistant genes were present in both potentially pathogenic species and in Bifidobacterium. Faecal concentrations of Interlukin-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor were higher in breast-fed infants. This study provides insights into an underrepresented population of rural Cambodian infants, showing pathogen exposure and breastfeeding impact gut microbiota composition and faecal immune profiles.
Demonstration of quantum network protocols over a 14-km urban fiber link
Authors: Kucera Stephan , Haen Christian , Arenskötter Elena , Bauer Tobias , Meiers Jonas , Schäfer Marlon , Boland Ross , Yahyapour Milad , Lessing Maurice , Holzwarth Ronald , Becher Christoph , Eschner Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report on the implementation of quantum entanglement distribution and quantum state teleportation over a 14.4 km urban dark-fiber link, which is partially underground, partially overhead, and patched in several stations. We characterize the link for its use as a quantum channel and realize its active polarization stabilization. Using a type-II cavity-enhanced SPDC photon pair source, a40Ca+single-ion quantum memory, and quantum frequency conversion to the telecom C-band, we demonstrate photon-photon entanglement, ion-photon entanglement, and teleportation of a qubit state from the ion onto a remote telecom photon, all realized over the urban fiber link.
Ensembling U-Nets for microaneurysm segmentation in optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Husvogt Lennart , Yaghy Antonio , Camacho Alex , Lam Kenneth , Schottenhamml Julia , Ploner Stefan B. , Fujimoto James G. , Waheed Nadia K. , Maier Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness around the world. This makes early diagnosis and treatment important in preventing vision loss in a large number of patients. Microaneurysms are the key hallmark of the early stage of the disease, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and can be detected using OCT angiography quickly and non-invasively. Screening tools for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy using OCT angiography thus have the potential to lead to improved outcomes in patients. We compared different configurations of ensembled U-nets to automatically segment microaneurysms from OCT angiography fundus projections. For this purpose, we created a new database to train and evaluate the U-nets, created by two expert graders in two stages of grading. We present the first U-net neural networks using ensembling for the detection of microaneurysms from OCT angiography en face images from the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy trained on a database labeled by two experts with repeats.
Usefulness and safety of new ultrasmall-diameter colonoscope for cases with difficult insertion: a retrospective study
Authors: Terada Rie , Ichijima Ryoji , Iwao Aya , Kinebuchi Hiroshi , Okada Yuta , Sugita Tomomi , Ogura Kanako , Haruta Akiko , Kogure Hirofumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColonoscopies are widely available, but there are cases where insertion can be difficult, even for experienced endoscopists. EC-760XP/L, a new ultrasmall-diameter long scope, may be useful in such cases. This single-center retrospective study included 39 cases where colonoscope insertion was difficult even when previously conducted by an experienced endoscopist. The primary outcome was the cecal intubation time using EC-760XP/L compared to the time used in a previous examination with a standard scope. The secondary outcomes were the cecum intubation rate, intestinal cleanliness level, adenoma detection rate, polyp detection rate, sedative use rate, occurrence of adverse events, and pain experience. A comparison of cecal intubation times between EC-760XP/L and the standard scope showed that insertion times were significantly lower with EC-760XP/L (9.5 min) compared to the standard scope (19 min) (p < 0.01). The standard scope achieved cecal intubation in 30 cases (76.9%), whereas EC-760XP/L reached the cecum in all cases (p < 0.01). Pain was observed in 3 cases (8.3%) with the EC-760XP/L, which was significantly lower than the 22 cases (56.4%) with the standard scope (p < 0.01). In conclusion, EC-760XP/L proved to be useful in cases where colonoscope insertion was difficult.
A real‐time cognitive map construction method based on the entorhinal‐hippocampal working mechanism of the rat's brain
Authors: Liao Yishen , Yu Naigong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe firing of spatial cells in the entorhinal‐hippocampal structure is believed to enable the formation of a cognitive map for the environment. Inspired by the spatial cognitive mechanism of the rat's brain, the authors proposed a real‐time cognitive map construction method based on the entorhinal‐hippocampal working mechanism. Firstly, based on the physiological properties of the rat's brain, the authors constructed an entorhinal‐hippocampal CA3 neurocomputational model for path integration. Then, the transformation relationship between the cell plate and the real environment is used to solve the robot's position. Path integration inevitably generates cumulative errors, which require loop‐closure detection and pose optimisation to eliminate errors. To solve the problem that the RatSLAM algorithm is slow in pose optimisation, the authors proposed a pose optimisation method based on a multi‐layer CA1 place cell to improve the speed of pose optimisation. To validate the method, the authors designed simulation experiments, dataset experiments, and physical experiments. The experimental results showed that compared to other brain‐like SLAM algorithms, the authors’ method possesses outstanding performance in path integration accuracy and map construction speed. As a result, the authors’ method can endow mobile robots with the ability to quickly and accurately construct cognitive maps in complex and unknown environments.
Creep slope estimation for assessing adhesion in the wheel/rail contact
Authors: Hubbard Peter , Harrison Tim , Ward Christopher , Abduraxman Bilal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe UK rail network is subject to costly disruption due to the operational effects of adhesion variation between the wheel and rail. Causes of this are often environmental introduction of contaminants that require a wide‐scale approach to risk mitigation such as defensive driving or rail‐head maintenance. It remains an open problem to monitor the real‐time status of the network to optimise resources and approaches in response to adhesion problems. This article presents an on‐vehicle monitoring method designed to estimate the coefficient of friction by processing data from on‐board sensors of typical rail passenger vehicles. This approach uses a multi‐body physics analysis of a target vehicle to create estimators for both creep force and creep, allowing a curve fitting approach to estimate the coefficient for friction from the creep curves.
Electric vehicle charging load prediction based on graph attention networks and autoformer
Authors: Tang Zeyang , Cui Yibo , Hu Qibiao , Liu MinLiu , Rao Wei , Liu Xinshen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the widespread popularity of electric vehicles in the domestic market, large‐scale electric vehicle user data has been collected and stored. Highly accurate user‐level charging load prediction has a wide range of application scenarios and great business value. However, most existing EV load prediction methods are modelled from the charging station perspective, ignoring the user's travel habits and charging demand. Therefore, this paper proposes a temporal spatial neural network based on graph attention and Autoformer to predict electric vehicle charging load. Firstly, the urban map of Wuhan is rasterized. Then, driving and charging data from the user level are aggregated into the raster module according to the time sequence, and a spatio‐temporal graph data structure of user travel trajectory is constructed. Finally, the temporal spatial neural network is used to construct the EV charging load prediction model from the user's perspective. The experimental results show that, compared with other baseline prediction methods, the proposed method effectively improves the accuracy of the EV charging load prediction model by fully exploiting the distribution of EV user clusters in time and geographic space.
Testing the asteroseismic estimates of stellar radii with surface brightness-colour relations and Gaia DR3 parallaxes
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. We compared stellar radii derived from asteroseismic scaling relations with those estimated using two independent surface brightness-colour relations (SBCRs) combined with Gaia DR3 parallaxes.
Methods. We cross-matched asteroseismic and astrometric data for over 6400 red giant branch (RGB) and red clump (RC) stars from the APO-K2 catalogue with the TESS Input Catalogue v8.2 to obtain precise V band magnitudes and E(B − V) colour excesses. We then adopted two different SBCRs from the literature to derive stellar radius estimates, denoted as Ra and Rb, respectively. We analysed the ratio of these SBCR-derived radii to the asteroseismic radius estimates, R, provided in the APO-K2 catalogue.
Results. Both SBCRs exhibited good agreement with asteroseismic radius estimates. On average, Ra was overestimated by 1.2% with respect to R, while Rb was underestimated by 2.5%. For stars larger than 20 R⊙, SBCR radii are systematically lower than asteroseismic ones. The dispersion in the radius ratio was similar for the two methods (around 10%). The agreement with asteroseismic radii shows a strong dependence on the parallax. The dispersion is halved for stars with a parallax greater than 2.5 mas. In this subsample, Rb showed perfect agreement with R, while Ra remained slightly overestimated, by 3%. A trend with [Fe/H] was found at a level of 4% to 6% per dex. Additionally, a clear trend with asteroseismic mass is found. For stars less massive than about 0.95 M⊙, SBCR radii were significantly higher than asteroseismic ones, by about 6%. This overestimation correlated with the presence of extended helium cores in these stars’ structures relative to their envelopes. Furthermore, radius ratios showed a dichotomous behaviour at higher masses, mainly due to the presence of several RC stars with SBCR radii significantly lower with respect to asteroseismology. This behaviour originates from a different response of asteroseismic scaling relations and SBCR to [α/Fe] abundance ratios for massive stars, both in RGB and RC phases, which is reported here for the first time.
jaxspec: A fast and robust Python library for X-ray spectral fitting
Authors: Dupourqué S. , Barret D. , Diez C. M. , Guillot S. , Quintin E. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Inferring spectral parameters from X-ray data is one of the cornerstones of high-energy astrophysics, and is achieved using software stacks that have been developed over the last 20 years and more. However, as models get more complex and spectra are obtained with higher resolutions, these established software solutions become more feature-heavy, difficult to maintain and less efficient.
Aims. We present jaxspec, a Python package for performing this task quickly and robustly in a fully Bayesian framework. Based on the JAX ecosystem, jaxspec allows the generation of differentiable likelihood functions compilable on core or graphical process units (GPUs), enabling the use of robust algorithms for Bayesian inference.
Methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of jaxspec samplers, in particular the no U-turn sampler, using a composite model and comparing what we obtain with the existing frameworks. We also demonstrate its ability to process high-resolution spectroscopy data using original methods by reproducing the results of the Hitomi collaboration on the Perseus cluster, while solving the inference problem using variational inference on a GPU.
Results. We obtain identical results when compared to other software and approaches, meaning that jaxspec provides reliable results while being ~10 times faster than existing alternatives. In addition, we show that variational inference can produce convincing results even on high-resolution data in less than 10 minutes on a GPU.
Conclusions. With this package, we aim to pursue the goal of opening up X-ray spectroscopy to the existing ecosystem of machine learning and Bayesian inference, enabling researchers to apply new methods to solve increasingly complex problems in the best possible way. Our long-term ambition is the scientific exploitation of the data from the newAthena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU).
Classical driving-assisted quantum evolution speedup
Authors: Peng Hu-ping , Tan Zhi-guang , Peng Hai-jie , Guo You-neng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we propose accelerating the qubit evolution using external classical driving fields in open systems. The results show that the quantum speed limit is determined by the driving strength, population of the initial excited state, and quantum coherence of the initial state. In the Markovian regime, the evolution of the open system will be accelerated by increasing the driving strength, while in non-Markovian regime, the evolution of the open system will present acceleration and deceleration periodically. Moreover, in both Markovian and non-Markovian regime, the population of the initial excited state and the initial-state coherence always can make the quantum speed limit bound tighter.
Dynamical analysis, control, boundedness, and prediction for a fractional-order financial risk system
Authors: Yang 杨 Kehao 轲皓 , Zheng 郑 Song 松 , Yu 余 Tianhu 天虎 , Sambas Aceng , Johansyah Muhamad Deni , Saberi-Nik Hassan , Mohamed Mohamad Afendee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the dynamical analysis, chaos control, Mittag–Leffler boundedness (MLB), and forecasting a fractional-order financial risk (FOFR) system through an absolute function term. To this end, the FOFR system is first proposed, and the adomian decomposition method (ADM) is employed to resolve this fractional-order system. The stability of equilibrium points and the corresponding control schemes are assessed, and several classical tools such as Lyapunov exponents (LE), bifurcation diagrams, complexity analysis (CA), and 0–1 test are further extended to analyze the dynamical behaviors of FOFR. Then the global Mittag–Leffler attractive set (MLAS) and Mittag–Leffler positive invariant set (MLPIS) for the proposed financial risk (FR) system are discussed. Finally, a proficient reservoir-computing (RC) method is applied to forecast the temporal evolution of the complex dynamics for the proposed system, and some simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the present scheme.
Visualizing the electronic structure of kagome magnet LuMn6Sn6 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Li 李 Man 满 , Wang 王 Qi 琦 , Zhou 周 Liqin 丽琴 , Song 宋 Wenhua 文华 , Ma 马 Huan 欢 , Ding 丁 Pengfei 鹏飞 , Fedorov Alexander , Huang 黄 Yaobo 耀波 , Büchner Bernd , Lei 雷 Hechang 和畅 , Wang 王 Shancai 善才 , Lou 娄 Rui 睿 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Searching for the dispersionless flat band (FB) in quantum materials, especially in topological systems, becomes an interesting topic. The kagome lattice is an ideal platform for such exploration because the FB can be naturally induced by the underlying destructive interference. Nevertheless, the magnetic kagome system that hosts the FB close to the Fermi level (E
F) is exceptionally rare. Here, we study the electronic structure of a kagome magnet LuMn6Sn6 by combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The observed Fermi-surface topology and overall band dispersions are similar to previous studies of the XMn6Sn6 (X = Dy, Tb, Gd, Y) family of compounds. We clearly observe two kagome-derived FBs extending through the entire Brillouin zone, and one of them is located just below E
F. The photon-energy-dependent measurements reveal that these FBs are nearly dispersionless along the kz
direction as well, supporting the quasi-two-dimensional character of such FBs. Our results complement the XMn6Sn6 family and demonstrate the robustness of the FB features across this family.
Observation of Standing Slow Magneto-acoustic Waves in a Flaring Active Region Corona Loop
Authors: Abedini A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Intensity fluctuations are frequently observed in different regions and structures of the solar corona. These fluctuations may be caused by magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) waves in coronal plasma. MHD waves are prime candidates for the dynamics, energy transfer, and anomalous temperature of the solar corona. In this paper, analysis is conducted on intensity and temperature fluctuations along the active region coronal loop (NOAA AR 13599) near solar flares. The intensity and temperature as functions of time and distance along the loop are extracted using images captured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) space telescope. To observe and comprehend the causes of intensity and temperature fluctuations, after conducting initial processing, and applying spatial and temporal frequency filters to data, enhanced distance-time maps of these variables are drawn. The space-time maps of intensities show standing oscillations at wavelengths of 171, 193, and 211 Å with greater precision and clarity than earlier findings. The amplitude of these standing oscillations (waves) decreases and increases over time. The average values of the oscillation period, damping time, damping quality, projected wavelength, and projected phase speed of standing intensity oscillations are in the range of 15–18 minutes, 24–31 minutes, 1.46″–2″, 132″–134″, and 81–100 km s−1, respectively. Also, the differential emission measure peak temperature values along the loop are found in the range of 0.51–3.98 MK, using six AIA passbands, including 94, 131, 171, 193, 211, and 335 Å. Based on the values of oscillation periods, phase speeds, damping time, and damping quality, it is inferred that the fluctuations in intensity are related to standing slow magneto-acoustic waves with weak damping.
Research on the construction of low-current Airfield Groud Lighting system for civil airports in China
Authors: Li Tuo , Liu Aishui , Li Yunpeng , Zhang Jingyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 2.8A to 6.6A power supply method is widely used in Airfield Groud Lighting (AGL) system at present. This power supply method is formulated based on the luminous characteristics of halogen lamps. Although The LED light fixtures significantly reduce the energy consumption of the lamps, the energy-saving effect for the entire AGL system is not ideal, mainly due to the high current of the power supply circuit and the high loss of the circuit itself. Through the classification of low-current AGL system, this article proposes a low-current implementation method suitable for China’s civil aviation. For low-current AGL system, which cannot meet existing civil aviation industry standards and specifications in China’s civil airports, through analyzing the differences between low-current AGL system and existing 6.6A power supply systems in design requirements, implementation and construction, operation and maintenance, as well as existing technical specifications, Propose low Specific requirements for the application of current-assisted AGL system, and propose energy-saving retrofit technical solutions based on the characteristics of AGL projects, laying the foundation for the application of low-current AGL system in Chinese civil airports.
Legislative Design and the Codification Project
Authors: Marie Paterson Jeannie , Bant Elise 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the legislative design of the Indian Contract Act 1872 and its correlating codification project. It explains that attempts to codify a body of common law express an ideal of legislative design. Legislative design refers to how the statute is structured and expressed, including its balance between rules and principles, the degree to which it draws on established legal concepts or language, and its use of examples. Arguments in favour of codifying a field of common law are commonly premised on several overlapping values such as rationality (or coherence), certainty, homogeneity, and accessibility. The chapter considers the ways in which the codification project highlighted the complex relationship between legislative design and its interpretation and operation.
Formation
Authors: Tofaris Stelios 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the first stage of formation of contract by focusing on the establishment of an agreement. The framework set in place by the Indian Contract Act provides that a proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise, and every promise or set of promises is an agreement, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition of a contract. The chapter explains the internal workings and analytical reach of the statutory framework, and considers the extent to which practical problems can be analysed through that framework coherently and with the production of sound outcomes. Noting that the Contract Act has stood the test of time, the chapter discusses how Indian law can deal with future pressures in this area.