bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eccentricity pacing of eastern equatorial Pacific carbonate dissolution cycles during the Miocene Climatic Optimum
Authors: Kochhann Karlos G. D. , Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Channell James E. T. , Lyle Mitch , Shackford Julia K. , Wilkens Roy H. , Andersen Nils 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ~16.9 to 14.7 Ma) provides an outstanding opportunity to investigate climate‐carbon cycle dynamics during a geologically recent interval of global warmth. We present benthic stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope records (5–12 kyr time resolution) spanning the late early to middle Miocene interval (18 to 13 Ma) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1335 (eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean). The U1335 stable isotope series track the onset and development of the MCO as well as the transitional climatic phase culminating with global cooling and expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet at ~13.8 Ma. We integrate these new data with published stable isotope, geomagnetic polarity, and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) scanner‐derived carbonate records from IODP Sites U1335, U1336, U1337, and U1338 on a consistent, astronomically tuned timescale. Benthic isotope and XRF scanner‐derived CaCO3 records depict prominent 100 kyr variability with 400 kyr cyclicity additionally imprinted on δ13C and CaCO3 records, pointing to a tight coupling between the marine carbon cycle and climate variations. Our intersite comparison further indicates that the lysocline behaved in highly dynamic manner throughout the MCO, with >75% carbonate loss occurring at paleodepths ranging from ~3.4 to ~4 km in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Carbonate dissolution maxima coincide with warm phases (δ18O minima) and δ13C decreases, implying that climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks fundamentally differed from the late Pleistocene glacial‐interglacial pattern, where dissolution maxima correspond to δ13C maxima and δ18O minima. Carbonate dissolution cycles during the MCO were, thus, more similar to Paleogene hyperthermal patterns.
Phase calibration of interferometer arrays at high‐frequency radars
Authors: Burrell Angeline G. , Yeoman Timothy K. , Milan Stephen E. , Lester Mark 
Published: August 2016

AbstractElevation angles of backscattered signals are calculated at the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high‐frequency radars using interferometric techniques. These elevation angles make it possible to estimate the geographic location of the scattering point, an essential piece of information for many ionospheric studies. One of the most difficult parameters to measure is the effective time delay caused by the difference in the electrical path length that connects the main array and the interferometer arrays to the correlator (δtc). This time delay causes a bias in the measured difference in the signal phase, also known as a phase bias. Phase calibration is difficult due to unknown physical attributes of the hardware and the remote location of many radars. This leads to the possibility of sudden external changes, slow temporal drift, and a dependence on transmission frequency. However, it is possible to estimate δtc using the radar observations themselves. This article presents a method for estimating δtc using backscatter with a known location, such as backscatter from artificially generated irregularities, meteor echoes, or distinct groundscatter, which incorporates the uncertainty in the observations and may be used autonomously. Applying the estimated δtc is shown to improve elevation angle uncertainties at one of the SuperDARN radars from their current potential tens of degrees to less than a degree.
Disguising Superman: How Glasses Affect Unfamiliar Face Matching
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S. , Ritchie Kay L. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCould a simple pair of glasses really fool us into thinking Superman and Clark Kent are two different people? Here, we investigated the perception of identity from face images with a task that relies on visual comparison rather than memory. Participants were presented with two images simultaneously and were asked whether the images depicted the same person or two different people. The image pairs showed neither image with glasses, both images with glasses, and ‘mixed’ pairs of one image with and one without glasses. Participants' accuracies, measured by both percentage correct and d′ sensitivity, were significantly lower for ‘mixed’ trials. Analysis of response bias showed that when only one face wore glasses, people tended to respond ‘different’. We demonstrate that glasses affect face matching ability using unconstrained images, and this has implications for both disguise research and authenticating identity in the real world. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active and strong: physical activity, muscular strength, and metabolic risk in children
Authors: Gomes Thayse Natacha , dos Santos Fernanda Karina , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the associations among physical activity, muscular strength, and metabolic risk among children.MethodsThe sample included 378 Portuguese children (213 girls; 9–11 years). Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and children were classified as active (≥60 min/day) or insufficiently active (<60 min/day). Static strength was expressed as the ratio of handgrip strength/body weight and used to classify children as having high (≥P50) or low (<P50) muscular strength. Children were classified into four groups: active and high strength, active and low strength, insufficiently active and high strength, insufficiently active and low strength. A continuous metabolic risk score was computed from cardiometabolic risk factors.ResultsIn general, the insufficiently active and low strength group had the worst metabolic risk score, and the active and high strength group had the best. Significant differences were found within physical activity groups for metabolic risk: children classified as “active and high strength” and “insufficiently active and high strength” had better metabolic risk scores than “active and low strength” and “insufficiently active and low strength”, respectively.ConclusionsMuscular strength has a relevant role in attenuating the association between physical inactivity and metabolic risk in children; a further benefit was identified in children with high physical activity and high muscular strength.
Synthesis of Barbaralones and Bullvalenes Made Easy by Gold Catalysis
Authors: Ferrer Sofia , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe gold(I)‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 7‐ethynyl‐1,3,5‐cycloheptatrienes gives 1‐substituted barbaralones in a general manner, which simplifies the access to other fluxional molecules. As an example, we report the shortest syntheses of bullvalene, phenylbullvalene, and disubstituted bullvalenes, and a readily accessible route to complex cage‐type structures by further gold(I)‐catalyzed reactions.
Retention of Native Protein Structures in the Absence of Solvent: A Coupled Ion Mobility and Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Seo Jongcheol , Hoffmann Waldemar , Warnke Stephan , Bowers Michael T. , Pagel Kevin , von Helden Gert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCan the structures of small to medium‐sized proteins be conserved after transfer from the solution phase to the gas phase? A large number of studies have been devoted to this topic, however the answer has not been unambiguously determined to date. A clarification of this problem is important since it would allow very sensitive native mass spectrometry techniques to be used to address problems relevant to structural biology. A combination of ion‐mobility mass spectrometry with infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins carefully transferred from solution to the gas phase. The two proteins investigated are myoglobin and β‐lactoglobulin, which are prototypical examples of helical and β‐sheet proteins, respectively. The results show that for low charge states under gentle conditions, aspects of the native secondary and tertiary structure can be conserved.
Poly[6‐(2,6‐bis(1′‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridin‐4‐yloxy)hexyl acrylate] (PBIP) and its terbium (III) complex (PBIP‐Tb3+): Homopolymerization, optical, and magnetic performance
Authors: Liu Dizheng , Sun Weilin , Ren Rong , Wang Yanhua , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPoly[6‐(2,6‐bis(1′‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridin‐4‐yloxy)hexyl acrylate] (PBIP) and its terbium complex (PBIP‐Tb3+) were prepared and characterized by 1H NMR and FT‐IR. The optical properties of PBIP‐Tb3+ complex were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both polymer PBIP and PBIP‐Tb3+ complex show good thermal stability. The magnetic property of PBIP‐Tb3+ complex was measured as a function of temperature (5–300 K) at 30 kOe and as a function of an external field (−50 to 50 kOe) at 5 K. Magnetic hysteresis loop of PBIP‐Tb3+ complex at 5 K shows typical “S” shape and PBIP‐Tb3+ complex is soft ferromagnetic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44249.
Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@MPS@P4VP nanoparticles for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Javaheri Farzad , Hassanajili Shadi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@MPS@poly(4‐vinylpyridine) core‐shell‐shell structure was investigated as an efficient adsorbent for removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solutions. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were initially prepared by co‐precipitation method, then the surface of Fe3O4 was coated with SiO2 through a modified St öber method. Finally, the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were modified by 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate followed by emulsion polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine. The resultant material was acidified in HCl solution to be effective for nitrate removal. The synthesized sample was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer. The removal efficiency was optimized for some experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, and amount of sorbent loading. The maximum predictable adsorption capacity was 80.6 (mg nitrate/g sorbent) at optimum conditions. Also, regeneration of the nitrate adsorbed particles was possible with NaOH solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44330.
Dimerization of Colloidal Particles through Controlled Aggregation for Enhanced Properties and Applications
Authors: Gilroy Kyle D. , Xia Younan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDevising syntheses capable of precisely manipulating matter on the nanoscale is central to many areas of research. The underlying motivation is fueled by the fact that at the nanometer scale, the property has a strong correlation with the structure. One such nanostructure that has accrued much attention is the dimer—a structure composed of two colloidal particles separated by a small gap. This Focus Review discusses how colloidal stability can be strategically manipulated to induce dimerization, together with effective purification steps to further improve yields. We conclude the article by providing representative examples for how dimers composed of plasmonic nanoparticles leads to structures with tunable optical properties and strong electric near‐fields, ideal for application in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Adapting the SAL method to evaluate reflectivity forecasts of summer precipitation in the central United States
Authors: Lawson John R. , Gallus William A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Structure Amplitude Location (SAL) method was originally developed to evaluate forecast accumulated‐precipitation fields through identification and comparison of objects in both the forecast and the observed fields. This study describes a small modification for use with instantaneous composite‐reflectivity forecasts, where objects' minimum size and reflectivity thresholds are prescribed. Both the original and modified SAL methods are used to evaluate daily 0000 UTC 12‐km North American Model (NAM) forecasts, against NCEP/EMC 4‐km Stage IV accumulated‐precipitation estimates, during the summer of 2015 for a central US domain. Results show substantial sensitivity to the reflectivity threshold. This is likely related to sampling more signal from convective cell cores, and progressively ignoring stratiform rain areas, as threshold increases. Setting the threshold too high (40 dBZ) yields only 7% of time periods on which error scores can be computed, as opposed to 94% using a low threshold (5 dBZ). The primary difference between the two methods is a larger structural error in SAL using reflectivity, likely related to the unresolved convective peaks in the 12‐km NAM forecasts; this error is smoothed out when accumulated precipitation is evaluated. SAL using reflectivity also reveals a diurnal cycle of skill, with minimum skill occurring around 1800–2200 UTC (early to late afternoon local time, before average convective activity reaches its maximum) and maximum skill occurring around 1000 UTC (just before sunrise). We conclude that both methods yield useful results, but results presented herein may not be generalisable to other verification domains or SAL formulations.
The effect of dietary intake of coenzyme Q10 on skin parameters and condition: Results of a randomised, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study
Authors: Žmitek Katja , Pogačnik Tina , Mervic Liljana , Žmitek Janko , Pravst Igor 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural constituent of foods and is also often used in both functional foods and supplements. In addition, it is a common ingredient of cosmetics where it is believed to reduce the signs of skin ageing. However, the existing data about the effect of dietary intake of CoQ10 on skin parameters and condition are scarce. To gain an insight into this issue, we conducted a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled experiment with 33 healthy subjects. Our objective was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 50 and 150 mg of CoQ10 on skin parameters and condition. Study was conducted with a water‐soluble form of CoQ10 with superior bioavailability (Q10Vital®). While the results of some previous in vitro studies showed possible protection in UVB response, we did not observe significant changes in the minimal erythema dose (MED). On the other hand, the intake of CoQ10 limited seasonal deterioration of viscoelasticity and reduced some visible signs of ageing. We determined significantly reduced wrinkles and microrelief lines, and improved skin smoothness. Supplementation with CoQ10 did not significantly affect skin hydration and dermis thickness. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):132–140, 2017
Expansion in calcific lesions and overall clinical outcomes following bioresorbable scaffold implantation optimized with intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Ruparelia Neil , Latib Azeem , Miyazaki Tadashi , Sato Katsumasa , Tanaka Akihito , Naganuma Toru , Sticchi Alessandro , Chieffo Alaide , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Colombo Antonio 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate clinical outcomes following bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) optimized with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and furthermore expansion of BRS in calcific lesions.BackgroundAlthough IVUS use has contributed to improved clinical outcomes with metallic stent implantation, it is unclear if this is also true with regards to BRS, especially in calcified lesions.MethodsBetween May 2012 and April 2015, 291 lesions in 198 patients were treated with BRS with IVUS use. We evaluated overall clinical outcomes at 1‐year and investigated the expansion and eccentricity index of BRS amongst quadrants categorized by calcium arc (CA) every 90‐degrees.ResultsThe rates of major adverse cardiac events were 5.4% (at 6 months) and 10.7% (at 12 months). TLR was observed in 3.1% at 6‐month and 7.5% at 12‐month follow up. Although there was a significant difference among quadrants regarding to eccentricity of calcium (0°≦CA < 90°: 0.82 ± 0.09, 90°≦CA < 180°: 0.75 ± 0.12, 180°≦CA < 270°: 0.78 ± 0.11, and 270°≦CA≦360°: 0.79 ± 0.09, ANOVA P = 0.002), the BRS expansion index [minimal scaffold area (MSA) divided by BRS area expanded at a nominal pressure] was comparable between quadrants.ConclusionsThe use of IVUS to optimize BRS implantation results in favorable clinical outcomes even for complex lesions. Although eccentric calcium distribution resulted in asymmetric expansion of BRS, the final MSA was comparable irrespective of calcium distribution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequential Functionalization of Alkynes and Alkenes Catalyzed by Gold(I) and Palladium(II) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Gómez‐Herrera Alberto , Nahra Fady , Brill Marcel , Nolan Steven P. , Cazin Catherine S. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe iodination of terminal alkynes for the synthesis of 1‐iodoalkynes using N‐iodosuccinimide in the presence of a AuI‐NHC (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) catalyst is reported. A series of aromatic alkynes was transformed successfully into the corresponding 1‐iodoalkynes in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The further use of these compounds as organic building blocks and the advantageous choice of metal‐NHC complexes as catalysts for alkyne functionalization were further demonstrated by performing selective AuI‐catalyzed hydrofluorination to yield (Z)‐2‐fluoro‐1‐iodoalkenes, followed by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling with aryl boronic acids catalyzed by a PdII‐NHC complex to access trisubstituted (Z)‐fluoroalkenes. All methodologies can be performed sequentially with only minor variations in the optimized individual reaction conditions, maintaining high efficiency and selectivity in all cases, which therefore, provides straightforward access to valuable fluorinated alkenes from commercially available terminal alkynes.
pH‐Regulated Aqueous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass Carbohydrate Derivatives by Using Semisandwich Iridium Complexes
Authors: Wu Wei‐Peng , Xu Yong‐Jian , Chang Shang‐Wei , Deng Jin , Fu Yao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSemisandwich Ir complexes [Cp*Ir‐(di‐OMe‐bpy)(OH2)][SO4] (di‐OMe‐bpy=4,4′‐dimethoxyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Cp*Ir‐(di‐OH‐bpy)(OH2)][SO4] (di‐OH‐bpy=4,4′‐dihydroxyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) are excellent efficient catalysts for the aqueous hydrogenation reactions of biomass carbohydrate derivatives. We show that pH value plays an important role in the hydrogenation reaction. By adjusting the pH value of the solvent, we can improve the catalytic efficiency and control the product distribution. The turnover frequencies (TOF) of hydrogenation of furfural up to 13 877 h−1 and TOF of hydrogenation of levulinic acid up to 12 200 h−1 at 120 °C were achieved. Converting furfural into γ‐valerolactone in one step is observed at strong acidic aqueous system, which makes it easy to achieve a distribution‐controlled product by pH adjustment.
11‐Substituted Benzo[c]phenanthridines: New Structures and Insight into Their Mode of Antiproliferative Action
Authors: Clement Bernd , Girreser Ulrich , Steinhauer Tamara N. , Meier Christopher , Marko Doris , Aichinger Georg , Kaltefleiter Ilka , Stenzel Lars , Heber Dieter , Weide Matthias , Wolschendorf Ulrich , Zebothsen Inga , zur Nieden Dana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of various new structures of a library of 11‐substituted 6‐amino‐11,12‐dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines (BP) and 11‐substituted 6‐aminobenzo[c]phenanthridines (BP‐D) is presented. These structures, further synthetic modifications, and the preparation of follow‐up products which delivered about 40 new derivatives are described. Their potential as antiproliferative drug candidates was investigated by comparison of NCI 60 developmental therapeutics program (DTP) human tumor cell line screening data based on the results of in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition, including about 40 hitherto unpublished compound test results with up to 60 cancer cell lines. NCI‐COMPARE studies helped to suggest the modes of action of the highly active antiproliferative drugs. These findings are supported by in vitro biological investigations showing either inhibition of tubulin polymerization and depolymerization or topoisomerase inhibition. Together with physicochemical parameters of the drug candidates, structure–activity relationships are critically discussed. Tubulin interaction or inhibition of topoisomerase I and IIα/β activity are two rationales that can explain the antiproliferative activity observed in the NCI 60 DTP human tumor cell line screen. However, it can also be reasonably assumed that these compounds address several targets, thus prohibiting the identification of simple structure–activity relationships. The new structures described herein are thought to act as so‐called multitarget drugs, thus being of special interest in the area of multidrug resistance.
A comprehensive model of colour appearance for related and unrelated colours of varying size viewed under mesopic to photopic conditions
Authors: Wei Shou Ting , Luo Ming Ronnier , Xiao Kaida , Pointer Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCIE has recommended two previous appearance models, CIECAM97s and CIECAM02. However, these models are unable to predict the appearance of a comprehensive range of colours. The purpose of this study is to describe a new, comprehensive colour appearance model, which can be used to predict the appearance of colours under various viewing conditions that include a range of stimulus sizes, levels of illumination that range from scotopic through to photopic, and related and unrelated stimuli. In addition, the model has a uniform colour space that provides a colour‐difference formula in terms of colour appearance parameters. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 293–304, 2017
Analgesic Efficacy of a New Immediate‐Release/Extended‐Release Formulation of Ibuprofen: Results From Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Postsurgical Dental Pain Studies
Authors: Christensen Steven , Paluch Ed , Jayawardena Shyamalie , Daniels Stephen , Meeves Suzanne 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnalgesic effects of ibuprofen immediate‐release/extended‐release (IR/ER) 600‐mg tablets were evaluated in 2 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled dental pain studies. Patients 16–40 years old with moderate–severe pain following third‐molar extraction received single‐dose ibuprofen 600 mg IR/ER (formulation A or B), naproxen sodium 220 mg, or placebo (2:2:2:1; study 1) or 4 doses of ibuprofen 600 mg IR/ER (formulation A) or placebo (1:1; study 2). In study 1 (n = 196), mean (standard deviation [SD]) time‐weighted sum of pain intensity difference scores for placebo, ibuprofen IR/ER A, ibuprofen IR/ER B, and naproxen, respectively, were 0.05 (9.2), 16.87 (9.4), 17.34 (10.5), and 12.66 (10.0) over 0–12 hours and ‐0.03 (4.1), 6.57 (4.4), 7.14 (5.2), and 5.14 (5.0) over 8–12 hours (all P < .001 vs placebo). In study 2 (n = 106), mean (SD) time‐weighted sum of pain relief and pain intensity difference scores were 18.2 (20.0) versus 41.5 (21.0) at 0–12 hours and 10.3 (12.0) versus 18.4 (12.1) at 8–12 hours for placebo versus ibuprofen IR/ER, respectively (P < .001 for both); efficacy was sustained over each of the four 12‐hour dosing intervals with ibuprofen. Gastrointestinal adverse events predominated with placebo both after study medication administration and after rescue medication use, if applicable. Ibuprofen 600 mg IR/ER provided safe and effective analgesia after single and multiple doses.