bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia assessment services: What are the perceptions of older people?
Authors: Walker Ruth , Ratcliffe Julie , White Amy , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo determine how older people with dementia and their family caregivers experience dementia assessment services and preferences for future configuration of diagnostic services.MethodsQualitative, semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted with nine individuals with dementia. In seven instances, the caregiver also took part in the interview, and on two occasions, the interview was with the person with dementia only.ResultsAn important contact during assessment of dementia was the general practitioner, in particular working in a way or timeframe which provides clarity and comfort to the person with dementia and their family members. A problematic factor in clear diagnosis was when probable dementia was suspected during hospitalisation for another complaint. Participants expressed a wide range of views in terms of preferred settings for diagnostic services.ConclusionThese findings highlight some key considerations, which should be included in future research leading to decisions about the design of dementia client services.
Molecular pathways of oestrogen receptors and β‐adrenergic receptors in cardiac cells: Recognition of their similarities, interactions and therapeutic value
Authors: Machuki J.O. , Zhang H.Y. , Harding S.E. , Sun H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOestrogen receptors (ERs) and β‐adrenergic receptors (βARs) play important roles in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, these receptors are expressed in cardiac myocytes and vascular tissues. Numerous experimental observations support the hypothesis that similarities and interactions exist between the signalling pathways of ERs (ERα, ERβ and GPR30) and βARs (β1AR, β2AR and β3AR). The recently discovered oestrogen receptor GPR30 shares structural features with the βARs, and this forms the basis for the interactions and functional overlap. GPR30 possesses protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation sites and PDZ binding motifs and interacts with A‐kinase anchoring protein 5 (AKAP5), all of which enable its interaction with the βAR pathways. The interactions between ERs and βARs occur downstream of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor, through the Gαs and Gαi proteins. This review presents an up‐to‐date description of ERs and βARs and demonstrates functional synergism and interactions among these receptors in cardiac cells. We explore their signalling cascades and the mechanisms that orchestrate their interactions and propose new perspectives on the signalling patterns for the GPR30 based on its structural resemblance to the βARs. In addition, we explore the relevance of these interactions to cell physiology, drugs (especially β‐blockers and calcium channel blockers) and cardioprotection. Furthermore, a receptor‐independent mechanism for oestrogen and its influence on the expression of βARs and calcium‐handling proteins are discussed. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutic avenues that can be derived from the shared pathways, especially the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐OH kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway.
A nonpharmacological approach to improve sleep quality in older adults
Authors: Rawtaer Iris , Mahendran Rathi , Chan Hui Yu , Lei Feng , Kua Ee Heok 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesPoor sleep quality is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with poor quality of life, cognitive and physical decline, depression, and increased mortality. Medication options commonly used are not ideal, and alternative treatment strategies are needed. We evaluate a community‐based psychosocial intervention program and its effect on sleep quality in older adults.MethodElderly participants aged 60 and above were included. Those with Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory scores above 5 and 10, respectively, were excluded. The community program included tai chi exercise, art therapy, mindfulness awareness practice, and music reminiscence therapy. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory were administered at baseline and at 1 year.ResultsA hundred and eighty‐nine subjects (44 men, 145 women; mean age = 69 years, SD = 5.7, range = 60‐89) participated. The proportion of participants with good sleep quality had increased from 58.2% to 64.6%. Sleep disturbance was significantly reduced (baseline, 1.04; postintervention, 0.76; mean difference 0.28; P < .01); men experienced greater improvement (P < .001). Improvements were independent of changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionParticipation in this community program led to positive effects on sleep disturbances after a year. Psychosocial interventions have potential as a nondrug intervention approach for sleep problems, and further research is needed to understand its mediating mechanisms
The negative impact of HBV/HCV coinfection on cirrhosis and its consequences
Authors: Pol S. , Haour G. , Fontaine H. , Dorival C. , Petrov‐Sanchez V. , Bourliere M. , Capeau J. , Carrieri P. , Larrey D. , Larsen C. , Marcellin P. , Pawlostky J.‐M. , Nahon P. , Zoulim F. , Cacoub P. , de Ledinghen V. , Mathurin P. , Negro F. , Pageaux G.‐P. , Yazdanpanah Y. , Wittkop L. , Zarski J.‐P. , Carrat F. ,   The French Anrs Co22 Hepather Cohort
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) confection has been rarely studied in nonasian series.AimTo compare the characteristics of HBV/HCV coinfected patients to those of HBV‐ or HCV‐monoinfected patients in the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort study.Patients and MethodsOf the 20 936 included patients, 95 had HBV/HCV coinfection (hepatitis B surface antigen, anti‐HCV antibody and HCV RNA positive) and were matched with 375 HBV‐ and 380 HCV‐monoinfected patients on age, gender and time since HBV or HCV diagnosis.ResultsF3‐F4 fibrosis was more frequent in coinfected patients (58%) than in HBV‐ (32%, P < .0001), but similar in HCV‐monoinfected patients (52%, P = .3142). Decompensated cirrhosis was more frequent in coinfected patients (11%) than in HBV‐ (2%, P = .0002) or HCV‐ (4%, P = .0275) monoinfected patients. Past excessive alcohol use was more frequent in coinfected patients (26%) than in HBV (12%, P = .0011), but similar in HCV monoinfected patients (32%, P = .2868). Coinfected patients had a higher proportion with arterial hypertension (42%) than HBV‐ (26%) or HCV‐monoinfected patients (25%) (P < .003). Multivariable analysis confirmed the association between F3‐F4 fibrosis and HCV infection in HBV‐infected patients (OR = 3.84, 95% CI 1.99‐7.43) and the association between decompensated cirrhosis and coinfection in HBV infected (OR = 5.58, 95% CI 1.42‐22.0) or HCV infected patients (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.22‐7.44).ConclusionsHCV coinfection harmfully affects liver fibrosis in HBV patients, while decompensated cirrhosis is increased in coinfected patients compared with HBV‐ or HCV‐monoinfected patients. HCV treatment is as safe and effective in coinfected as monoinfected patients and should be considered following the same rules as HCV monoinfected patients.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: rifaximin for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Goel A. , Rahim U. , Nguyen L. H. , Stave C. , Nguyen M. H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe primary and secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is recommended in high‐risk patients with cirrhosis. Several studies evaluating the efficacy of rifaximin for SBP prophylaxis have yielded conflicting results. Rifaximin has the potential advantage of preventing bacterial overgrowth and translocation without the systemic side effects of broad‐spectrum antibiotics.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin in the primary and secondary prevention of SBP.MethodsA literature search using five databases was performed to identify studies on the association between rifaximin and SBP. We performed two meta‐analyses: (1) rifaximin compared to systemic antibiotics and (2) rifaximin compared to no antibiotics. Random‐effect modelling was conducted to determine overall pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsFive studies with 555 patients (295 rifaximin, 260 systemic antibiotics) compared rifaximin with systemic antibiotics. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for SBP was 0.45 (95% CI 0.16‐1.27; P = .13) in patients receiving rifaximin and strengthened on sensitivity analysis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19‐0.76, P = .01). In the analysis comparing rifaximin with no antibiotics, there were five studies with 784 patients (186 rifaximin, 598 no antibiotics). The OR for SBP was 0.34 (95% CI 0.11‐0.99; P < .05) in patients receiving rifaximin. In subgroup analysis, rifaximin reduced the risk of SBP by 47% compared to no antibiotics for primary prophylaxis and by 74% compared to systemic antibiotics for secondary prophylaxis.ConclusionRifaximin may be effective in preventing SBP in patients with cirrhosis and ascites compared to systemically absorbed antibiotics and compared to placebo.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: assessment of factors affecting disability in inflammatory bowel disease and the reliability of the inflammatory bowel disease disability index
Authors: Lo B. , Prosberg M. V. , Gluud L. L. , Chan W. , Leong R. W. , van der List E. , van der Have M. , Sarter H. , Gower‐Rousseau C. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Vind I. , Burisch J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD‐DI) has recently been developed for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).AimTo assess the severity of disability and associated factors using the IBD‐DI, and review the validity of the IBD‐DI as a tool.MethodSystematic review of cross‐sectional studies. Patients included had UC or CD and were classified as active, in remission, or needing surgery, biological and/or steroid treatment. We included studies assessing disability using the IBD‐DI and that were captured by electronic and manual searches (January 2017). The possibility of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.ResultsNine studies were included with 3167 patients. Comparatively, patients with active disease had higher disability rates than those in remission (SMD [CI95] = 1.49[1.11, 1.88], I2 = 94%, P<.01), while patients on biological treatment had lower disability rates than those receiving corticosteroid treatment (SMD [CI95] = −0.22[−0.36, −0.08], I2 = 0%, P<.01). Disease activity and unemployment were found to be associated factors. The IBD‐DI scored “good” for internal consistency, “fair” to “excellent” for intra‐rater reliability and “excellent” for inter‐rater reliability. Construct validity was “moderately strong” to “very strong” and structural validity was found to be mainly unidimensional. The IBD‐DI had excellent responsiveness, while its interpretability was only useful on a group level.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis found a significant association between disease activity, treatment received and disability; although significant heterogeneity was found. The IBD‐DI is reliable and valid, but further studies are needed to measure its interpretability.
Effect of replacing alfalfa hay with a mixture of cassava foliage silage and sweet potato vine silage on ruminal and intestinal digestion in sheep
Authors: Dang Hoang Lam , Lv Renlong , Obitsu Taketo , Sugino Toshihisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing alfalfa hay (AH) with a mixture of cassava foliage silage and sweet potato vine silage (CSP) (1:1 on a dry matter (DM) basis) on ruminal and intestinal nutrient digestion in sheep. Four wethers were fed a control diet containing 35% ofAHand two treatment diets containing 15% and 30% of theCSPas substitute forAHat 1.5 times the metabolizable energy required for maintenance. ReplacingAHwith theCSPsilage did not affectDMintake, whereas it linearly increased (P < 0.05) the intake of ether extract and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN). Increasing theCSPsubstitution linearly decreased (P < 0.05) ruminalDMand neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) digestibility; however, it did not affect total tractaNDFom digestibility. TheCSPsubstitution did not affect nitrogen (N) intake and duodenal total N flow, whereas it linearly increased duodenalADINflow (P < 0.01) and decreased ruminal ammonia‐N concentration (P < 0.01), and intestinal (P = 0.08) and total N digestibility (P < 0.01). These results indicate that replacingAHwith theCSPreduced the ruminal N degradation as well as the digestion of ruminalaNDFom and intestinal N.
Optimization and physicochemical properties of nutritional protein isolate from pork liver with ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction
Authors: Zou Ye , Bian Huan , Li Pengpeng , Sun Zhilan , Sun Chong , Zhang Muhan , Geng Zhiming , Xu Weimin , Wang Daoying 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the optimal conditions of ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) on pork liver protein isolate (UPLPI) and its physico‐chemical properties. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions for UAAE, which were at ultrasonic power 265 W, ultrasonic time 42 min, NaOH concentration 0.80%, temperature 50°C, and solvent/raw material ratio 70. The extraction yield and efficiency of UPLPI were significantly improved over the conventional alkaline extraction (PLPI). The results of amino acid composition showed that UAAE could increase serine (36.5 g/kg), arginine (38.1 g/kg), alanine (37.5 g/kg), proline (48.7 g/kg), phenylalanine (55.6 g/kg) and lysine (47.2 g/kg) elution amount. The changes in fourier transform infrared spectra indicated unfolding and destruction of the protein structure in UPLPI. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis presented UPLPI with a slightly lower onset and peak denaturation temperature over PLPI. Surface hydrophobicity increased and the microstructures presented larger and more pores of UPLPI, therefore, it had better in vitro digestibility than PLPI. Therefore, UPLPI might have a potential application prospect in the food field due to its changes on molecular structure as well as on the microstructure of protein by UAAE.
The use of accelerometer to measure sleeping posture of beef cows
Authors: Fukasawa Michiru , Komatsu Tokushi , Higashiyama Yumi , Oshibe Akinori 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSleep is one of the essential behaviors for mammals. The aims of this study were to validate the use of accelerometer for measuring sleeping posture of cattle. Duration of sleeping posture of seven Japanese Black cows from 19.00 to 07.00 hours was measured by both accelerometer and video, and a total of 67 accelerometer and video measurement sets were collected. We calculated Cohen's κ coefficient between accelerometer and video measurements and 91.5% of the κ‐values were >0.80. Intra‐ and inter‐observer coefficient of variance showed that specific acceleration waveform patterns of sleeping posture could be easily and accurately detected by independent observers. There were no significant differences in the frequency of sleeping posture occurrences between accelerometer and video measurements. We compared averaged sleeping posture bout, and the total sleeping posture time between accelerometer and video measurements using regression. In each trait, the slope was close to 1 and the intercept was not different from 0, which showed a strong agreement between accelerometer and video measurements. This shows that an accelerometer could accurately detect sleeping postures of cattle. We conclude that adequate measurements of sleeping postures can be made using an accelerometer.
A Two-stage Model for Wearable Device Data
Authors: Bai Jiawei , Sun Yifei , Schrack Jennifer A. , Crainiceanu Ciprian M. , Wang Mei-Cheng 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Recent advances of wearable computing technology have allowed continuous health monitoring in large observational studies and clinical trials. Examples of data collected by wearable devices include minute-by-minute physical activity proxies measured by accelerometers or heart rate. The analysis of data generated by wearable devices has so far been quite limited to crude summaries, for example, the mean activity count over the day. To better utilize the full data and account for the dynamics of activity level in the time domain, we introduce a two-stage regression model for the minute-by-minute physical activity proxy data. The model allows for both time-varying parameters and time-invariant parameters, which helps capture both the transition dynamics between active/inactive periods (Stage 1) and the activity intensity dynamics during active periods (Stage 2). The approach extends methods developed for zero-inflated Poisson data to account for the high-dimensionality and time-dependence of the high density data generated by wearable devices. Methods are motivated by and applied to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
Heterogeneous Reciprocal Graphical Models
Authors: Ni Yang , Müller Peter , Zhu Yitan , Ji Yuan 
Published: October 2017

Summary
We develop novel hierarchical reciprocal graphical models to infer gene networks from heterogeneous data. In the case of data that can be naturally divided into known groups, we propose to connect graphs by introducing a hierarchical prior across group-specific graphs, including a correlation on edge strengths across graphs. Thresholding priors are applied to induce sparsity of the estimated networks. In the case of unknown groups, we cluster subjects into subpopulations and jointly estimate cluster-specific gene networks, again using similar hierarchical priors across clusters. We illustrate the proposed approach by simulation studies and three applications with multiplatform genomic data for multiple cancers.
Using learning analytics to explore self‐regulated learning in flipped blended learning music teacher education
Authors: Montgomery Amanda P. , Mousavi Amin , Carbonaro Michael , Hayward Denyse V. , Dunn William 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBlended learning (BL) is a popular e‐Learning model in higher education that has the potential to take advantage of learning analytics (LA) to support student learning. This study utilized LA to investigate fourth‐year undergraduates' (n = 157) use of self‐regulated learning (SRL) within the online components of a previously unexamined BL discipline, Music Teacher Education. SRL behaviors were captured unobtrusively in real time through students' interaction with course materials in Moodle. Categorized by function: (1) activating—online access location, day‐of‐the‐week, time‐of‐day; (2) sustaining—online frequency; and (3) structuring—online regularity and exam review patterns, all six SRL behaviors were revealed to have weak to moderate significant relationships with academic achievement. Results indicated access day‐of‐the‐week and access frequency as the strongest predictors for student success. Findings regarding access regularity when viewed through results from previous SRL‐LA research may suggest the importance of this SRL behavior for successful students within several BL discipline areas. In addition, the role of learning design (eg, flipped instruction) in potentially scaffolding students' choices toward specific SRL behaviors, was revealed as an important context for future researchers' consideration.
Democratic Tradition and the Failed Presidency ofLucioGutierrez inEcuador
Authors: MARTÍNEZ CHRISTOPHER A. 
Published: October 2017

InApril 2005,LucioGutiérrez was removed from office in the context of a fast‐growing economy. With no economic hardship to fuel social outrage, the failure ofGutiérrez illustrates how political and institutional factors can be the most important forces determining presidential survival. In this article, we qualitatively analyse the path toward confrontation betweenGutiérrez and the congressional opposition which led to his political demise. We find thatEcuador's weak democratic tradition working through more proximate causes – radicalism, normative preference for democratic institutions and a negative institutional equilibrium – coupled with other institutional and political variables acceleratedLucioGutiérrez's fall from power.
Ethnic Harassment and Immigrant Youth's Engagement in Violent Behaviors: Understanding the Risk Factors
Authors: Bayram Özdemir Sevgi , Özdemir Metin , Stattin Håkan 
Published: October 2017

The present study aimed to examine whether ethnic harassment was related to violent behaviors among immigrant youth over time and to identify the risk factors. The sample comprised immigrant adolescents living in Sweden (N = 365; Mage = 13.93, SD = 0.80). Results showed that the more youth were ethnically harassed, the more they engaged in violent acts over time. A separated identity significantly moderated the effect of ethnic harassment on youth's engagement in violent behaviors. Specifically, ethnic harassment positively predicted engagement in violent behaviors only at high levels of separated identity. Impulsivity and school ethnic composition did not act as moderators. The findings suggest that preventing violent behaviors among immigrant youth requires a focus on promoting positive interethnic relationships, and multicultural identity among immigrant youth.
Comparison of clinical and radiographic parameters around short (6 to 8 mm in length) and long (11 mm in length) dental implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: 3‐year follow‐up results
Authors: Al Amri Mohammad D. , Abduljabbar Tariq S. , Al‐Johany Sulieman S. , Al Rifaiy Mohammad Q. , Alfarraj Aldosari Abdullah M. , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical and radiographic parameters around short (6 to 8 mm in length) and long (11 mm in length) dental implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material and MethodsForty‐five male patients with T2DM (Group‐1) and 42 male non‐diabetic controls (Group‐2) who had undergone implant therapy in the posterior mandible were included. Depending upon the length of the implant, patients were divided into two subgroups: (a) patients with short implants (6–8 mm long) and (b) patients with long implants (11 mm long). Peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up in both groups. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline and after 18 and 36 months of follow‐up in both groups. P‐values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age of patients in groups 1 and 2 was 42.5 and 40.6 years, respectively. The mean HbA1c levels at baseline among patients in groups 1 and 2 were 7.7% and 4.5%, respectively. At 18 and 36 months of follow‐up, the mean HbA1c levels among patients in groups 1 and 2 were 6.6% and 4.5% and 6.5% and 4.4%, respectively. The mean duration of T2DM among patients that received short and long implants was 4.3 years and 4.1 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in PI, BOP, PD and CBL around implants placed in both groups at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up. Success rate of short and long dental implants was 100% in both groups.ConclusionShort implants can demonstrate clinical and radiographic stability in a manner similar to conventional long implants in patients with and without T2DM. The role of oral hygiene and glycemic maintenance in this scenario cannot be disregarded.