bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High levels of self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary level clinic
Authors: Mostert Wentzel K. , Nel C. , Van Rooijen A.J. , Francis J. , Gibbs G. , Hacker K. , Gebert S. 
Published: June 2017

Self-management is a vital element in the care of type 2diabetes patients. In turn, self-efficacy plays a major role in patients’ self-management. Self-efficacy is the patient’s personal judgement of his/herconfidence in performing aspects of diabetes self-management. This study investigated the level of self-efficacy of patients attending the Pretoria Academic Hospital Diabetes Clinic, in the light of high levels ofre-admission due to complications, suggesting low self-efficacy levels. Eighty type 2 diabetes patients, mean age of 59 years, completed thepublished IDEA LL baseline questionnaire, to establish a self-efficacyscore. Relationships between self-efficacy and demographic factors wereinvestigated using the chi-square test. The mean self-efficacy level of thesample population is excellent (mean = 85.44%).A lthough self-reported self-efficacy levels are excellent, in comparison to the Sarkar study (2006) in which participants only scored “fair”, it is speculated that self-efficacy is not transferred to self-management behaviour in thispopulation. Afrikaans and English speaking participants score significantly better than those from other language categories. There is a positive relationship between self-efficacy and level of education and employment status (tendedtowards significance with p values of 0.06 and 0.07 respectively). A lthough self-efficacy scores of clients at this tertiary level outpatient clinic are excellent, further research is necessary to quantify self-management strategies andto correlate these with self-efficacy levels.
Cycle ergometer and rebound exercises with chest physiotherapy - a useful adjunct for sputum expectoration in mild to moderately symptomatic hiv infected children.
Authors: Maharaj S.S. , Jeena P.M. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Sputum expectoration of lung secretionsin HIV infected children with associated respiratory conditions is oftendifficult. Chest physiotherapy is often recommended to assist in thisprocess but is not always successful. A erobic exercises may have bene-ficial effects on sputum expectoration but its safety is uncertain. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to determine if cycle ergometerand rebound exercises are safe for mild to moderately symptomatic HIV infected children and if these aerobic exercises followed by chestphysiotherapy could augment sputum expectoration.Method: Thirty six A frican 8-12 year old males performed 15 minutesof either cycle ergometer or rebound exercises. A modified 6 minutewalking test to ensure fitness of the enrolled subjects prior to randomization was performed. Heart and respiratoryrates, blood pressure and oxygen saturation was monitored for safety. Sputum expectorated was measured in a calibratedvial at baseline, 5, 10, and 15 minutes post exercise followed by 30 minutes of conventional chest physiotherapy. R esults: Total sputum produced during and post rebounding exercise was significantly higher than cycle ergometerexercises (12.6 vs. 9.8mls p=0.0002). The quantity of sputum obtained over each time point after rebound exercise wassignificantly more than cycle ergometer (5, 10 & 15 minutes; p=0.0084, p= 0.0002, p=0.0002 respectively). There wereno significant differences in heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure and oxygen saturation of enrolled subjectsbetween these exercises and no cases reached the threshold for stopping the exercise.Conclusion: Cycle ergometer and rebound exercises are safe for mild to moderately symptomatic HIV infected children. Rebound exercises followed by chest physiotherapy can be used as a safe adjunct to significantly increasesputum expectoration.
Physiotherapy management of low back pain - a review of surveys
Authors: Basson A. 
Published: June 2017

Low back pain (LBP) is an increasingly debilitating and costly problem. One of the research focuses in LBP is an attempt to improve patient outcomes. It is believed that the promotion of evidence based practice (EBP) should improve patient outcomes and also reduce the cost of care. There seems to be a need to establish how physiotherapists manage LBP and whether management is in accordance with best practice based on published research evidence. The aim of this study was to determine what management strategies physiotherapists employ in the management of LBP by performing a review of the literature and to compare this with recent guidelines Fourteen studies were included for the review. The treatments most frequently reported as being used for the management of LBP were education/ advice, exercise, spinal mobilisation and electrotherapy. Over a 14 year period there were no major changes in the way physiotherapists manage LBP. Physiotherapist use interventions that are evidence based as well as interventions with little evidence in the management of LBP.
Sensorimotor impairments of paretic upper limb correlates with activities of daily living in subjects with chronic stroke
Authors: Shamay Ng S.M. , William Tsang W.N. , Patrick Kwong W.H. , Philip Tse T.F. , Jefferry Wong C.H. 
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between sensorimotor impairments of paretic upper limb and the hand functions of activities of daily living (ADLs) scores in persons with chronic stroke.This is a cross-sectional study with 19 chronic stroke survivors. Hand function was measured by the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). Impairments in upper extremity motor function were measured by upper limb items of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE). Forearm muscles strength, handgrip and pinch grip power were assessed using handheld dynamo-meters. Tactile sensation threshold was measured by monofilaments.Significant differences were found between the affected and unaffected side in the total JTHFT scores, forearm muscle strength, handgrip and pinch grip (p≤0.017), but not the tactile sensa-tion threshold. The total JTHFT scores were found to be correlated with total score of FMA-UE (rs = -0.789), hand-grip power (rs = -0.588) and pinch grip power (rs = -0.657) on the affected side, but not the tactile sensation. The total JTHFT scores were correlated with FMA-UE scores, handgrip and pinch grip of the affected side. This is the first study in documenting the correlation between the sensorimotor impairments and JTHFT scores in persons with chronic stroke. Our findings highlights the importance of including upper limb and grip strength training in stroke rehabilitation program in order to improve hand functions in activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.
Description of physiotherapy services in a mental health institution in Nigeria
Authors: Gbiri C.A. , Akinpelu A.O. , Odole A.C. 
Published: June 2017

Physiotherapy has long been recognised as adjunct to drug therapy in the management of individuals with mental illness. however, little evidence existed on the utilization of physiotherapy in mental health especially in developing worlds.This study reviewed the utilization of physiotherapy in a Mental health Institution in lagos, nigeria and determined its contribution to quality of patient-care in the hospital.This study involved review of clients’ activity profile and patients’ record in a federal neuro-psychiatric hospital in lagos, nigeria between 2002 and 2006. The hospital records were used as source of information for socio- demographic details. Information on the physical diagnosis was extracted from the patients’ records in the departmental records. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.Six thousand, four hundred and seventy-three (3.3%) out of the 195,686 patients of the hospital within the study period enjoyed physiotherapy ser vices. only 766 (14%) of the hospital in-patients enjoyed physiotherapy services. In addition, 808 clients enjoyed the health promotion services. low back pain (85; 21.7%), osteo-arthritis (82; 20.9%), stroke (64; 16.3%) and shoulder pain (29; 7.4%) were the most common co-existing health problems referred for physiotherapy.The importance of physiotherapy in mental health is evidenced in the number of patients/clients who benefited from its services. Therefore, physiotherapy is an integral and indispensible member of the mental health team. however, physiotherapy is still under-utilized in the hospital. This points to the need for proper integration of physiotherapy into mental health team in the hospital and other similar health institutions.
Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of final year medical, occupational therapy and sport science students regarding physiotherapy, in KwaZulu Natal.
Authors: Puckree T. , Harinarain R. , Ramdath P. , Singh R. , Ras J. 
Published: June 2017

Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes about physiotherapy has affected its status. In a developing profession whose patient base is still significantly dependent on referral from medical practitioners, certain stereo-typic attitudes about it require attention. This study investigated the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of the 2009 final year medical, occupational therapy and sport science students at one university in KwaZulu natal, regarding physio therapy. A saturation sample of 292 students from the selected groups was invited to participate in the study. The cross sectional survey used a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions. The data was reduced to percentages and analysed using chi square tests at p< 0, 05. The overall response rate was 51% with 95% occupational therapy, 71% sport science and only 31% medical students responding. About 74% of the respondents had adequate knowledge about physiotherapy. Seventy five percent of medical and 50% of oT students knew that physiotherapists were first contact practitioners. over 50% of the respondents who had experienced physiotherapy displayed positive attitudes and felt that physio-therapy was a good career choice. Massage was the best known (95%) and electrotherapy the least known (44%) modality. orthopedics (88%), sports physio therapy (84%) and rehabilitation (78%) were better known. we conclude that the response rate to the study especially by medical students is of concern despite the overall positive attitudes displayed by the participants.
The accurate assessment and physiotherapeutic treatment of rotator cuff myofascial Pain Syndrome: A case report
Authors: Barker B. B. , Olivier B. 
Published: June 2017

Management of patients with rotator cuff myofascial pain syndrome varies and successful intervention is dependent on accurate assessment. The aim of this case report is to show the importance of accurate assessment and clinical reasoning in the physiotherapeutic management of a patient suffering from ante-cubital and anterior shoulder pain. The patient was referred for physiotherapy after proving refractory to treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication. The physiotherapist diagnosed a rotator cuff myofascial pain syndrome and treatment proceeded on that basis. Treatment consisted of twitch-obtaining dry needling, myofascial release and exercise therapy. The result was a change in the harryman rotator cuff functional Assessment Scale score from 22/52 to 43/52 over eight treatments. Strength was regained and subjective pain report on the visual rating scale was improved to 1/10. The case study highlights the importance of accurate assessment and consideration of alternative myofascial sources for pain even in circumstances which initially seem trauma related. Precise diagnosis of the cause - in this case rotator cuff myofascial pain syndrome – will result in effective treatment being administered.
Vivências de mulheres submetidas à braquiterapia: compreensão existencial
Authors: Rosa Maria Tereza Scramin , Sales Catarina Aparecida 
Published: June 2017

Neste estudo, busquei compreender as vivências de mulheres portadoras de câncer uterino antes de submeterem ao tratamento braquiterápico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa embasada na fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger que possibilitou a apreensão dos momentos vividos por esses seres. Para participar dessa pesquisa, procurei por mulheres que haviam iniciado algum tipo de tratamento para câncer uterino. Selecionei aquelas que se submeteram à radioterapia em uma clínica de radioterapia situada no noroeste do Paraná, e, a posteriori, seriam submetidas à braquiterapia no período compreendido entre os meses de abril a maio de 2006. Foram entrevistadas quatro mulheres em um hospital especialista em oncologia no norte do Paraná, antes de iniciarem a braquiterapia. Para buscar os discursos dos sujeitos, utilizei a seguinte questão norteadora: “O que você sente antes de vivenciar a braquiterapia”? Da interpretação emergiram três temáticas: O ser-com-o-outro inautêntico no convívio do hospital; angústia ante o desconhecimento do tratamento; religiosidade: o caminho da esperança. Os resultados obtidos revelam a importância do cuidado holístico ao Ser que vivencia esta facticidade, pois, muitas vezes, a subjetividade do cuidado fica absorvida pela massificação das regras e normas institucionais.
Atividade antibacteriana in vitro de géis com diferentes concentrações de papaína
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Menis , Watanabe Evandro , Nascimento Andresa Piacezzi , Andrade Denise De , Ito Izabel Yoko 
Published: June 2017

A papaína é uma enzima proteolítica proveniente do mamão, Carica papaya Linn., e é muito empregada na indústria alimentícia, cosmética e farmacêutica. Objetivou-se determinar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro de géis com diferentes concentrações de papaína frente às bactérias padrão: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) e Echerichia coli (ATCC 10538), bem como 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospitalares. Alíquotas de 2,0ml dos inóculos bacterianos (metade da escala 1,0 de McFarland) foram semeadas em duplicata na superfície de placas de Petri. Os géis com as diferentes concentrações de papaína foram gotejados na superfície dos meios de cultura pela técnica de gotejamento e a incubação realizada a 35ºC por 24 horas. A leitura dos resultados da atividade antibacteriana foi efetuada pela mensuração dos halos de inibição ao redor das gotas dos géis de papaína. Apenas o gel de papaína a 10% foi capaz de inibir o crescimento do S. aureus e de 2 P. aeruginosa. Em conclusão, de acordo com a literatura a papaína apresenta ação proteolítica sobre os tecidos mortos, porém apenas a formulação em gel a 10% apresentou atividade antibacteriana in vitro. Assim, antes de utilizar alguma substância ou produto contra microrganismos é necessário saber se a mesma apresenta realmente atividade antimicrobiana.
Rede de atenção aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas: mapeamento de serviços e equipes de enfermagem
Authors: Ambrósio Bruna Trindade , Benincá Fernanda Bissoli , Fejoli Maykel Marques , Siqueira Marluce Miguel de , Buaiz Vitor 
Published: June 2017

O uso de substâncias psicoativas no Brasil se constitui em um problema de saúde pública e, no Espírito Santo, a política de atenção ao dependente químico vem se modificando nas últimas décadas. O estudo objetivou mapear serviços e equipes de enfermagem de todas as instituições que desenvolvem ações de caráter preventivo e/ou curativo no Espírito Santo, nos anos de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2005. Trata-se de estudo exploratório quali-quantitativo. Partiu-se da listagem do 1º levantamento estadual e através da técnica da bola de neve acrescidas novas instituições. Verificou-se que 59,4% encontram-se na macrorregião centro. Os GAMs representam 61,8% da oferta de tratamento nesta região e o tratamento ambulatorial (68,5%) é superior a internação (61,8%). A droga mais prevalente é o álcool (68,4%) e a maior concentração de instituições com equipe de enfermagem, situa-se na macrorregião centro e 80% das instituições não-governamentais não apresentam enfermagem na equipe. Conclui-se que existe escassez de serviços governamentais disponíveis para atendimento desta população, bem como déficit de recursos humanos da enfermagem, o que reflete baixa qualidade no atendimento prestado. Portanto, é necessário a implementação de políticas para acelerar a municipalização das ações bem como fixar recursos humanos qualificados nesta área.
Analyses of antioxidant status and nucleotide alterations in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in patients with benign and malignant thyroid disorders
Authors: Ramli Nur Siti Fatimah , Mat Junit Sarni , Leong Ng Khoon , Razali Nurhanani , Jayapalan Jaime Jacqueline , Abdul Aziz Azlina 
Published: June 2017

Background
Synthesis of thyroid hormones and regulation of their metabolism involve free radicals that may affect redox balance in the body. Thyroid disorders causing variations in the levels of thyroid hormones may alter cellular oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidant activities and biomarkers of oxidative stress in serum and red blood cells (RBC) of patients with benign and malignant thyroid disorders and to investigate if changes in the antioxidant activities in these patients were linked to alterations in genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes.

Methods
Forty-one patients with thyroid disorders from University of Malaya Medical Centre were recruited. They were categorised into four groups: multinodular goitre (MNG) (n = 18), follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) (n = 7), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) (n = 10), and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) (n = 6). Serum and RBC of patients were analysed for antioxidant activities, antioxidant enzymes, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Alterations in genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes were analysed using whole exome sequencing and PCR–DNA sequencing.

Results
Patients with thyroid disorders had significantly higher serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to control, but had lower activities in RBC. There were no significant changes in serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Meanwhile, GPx activity in RBC was reduced in PTC and FTC, compared to control and the respective benign groups. Antioxidant activities in serum were decreased in the thyroid disorder groups when compared to the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated in the serum of FTA group when compared to controls, while in the RBC, only the MNG and PTC groups showed higher MDA equivalents than control. Serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in PTC group of both serum and RBC were significantly higher than control group. Whole exome sequencing has resulted in identification of 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MNG and PTC patients and their genotypic and allelic frequencies were calculated. Analyses of the relationship between serum enzyme activities and the total SNPs identified in both groups revealed no correlation.

Discussion
Different forms of thyroid disorders influence the levels of antioxidant status in the serum and RBC of these patients, implying varying capability of preventing oxidative stress. A more comprehensive study with a larger target population should be done in order to further evaluate the relationships between antioxidant enzymes gene polymorphisms and thyroid disorders, as well as strengthening the minor evidences provided in literatures.
Experience-based human perception of facial expressions in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
Authors: Maréchal Laëtitia , Levy Xandria , Meints Kerstin , Majolo Bonaventura 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundFacial expressions convey key cues of human emotions, and may also be important for interspecies interactions. The universality hypothesis suggests that six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) should be expressed by similar facial expressions in close phylogenetic species such as humans and nonhuman primates. However, some facial expressions have been shown to differ in meaning between humans and nonhuman primates like macaques. This ambiguity in signalling emotion can lead to an increased risk of aggression and injuries for both humans and animals. This raises serious concerns for activities such as wildlife tourism where humans closely interact with wild animals. Understanding what factors (i.e., experience and type of emotion) affect ability to recognise emotional state of nonhuman primates, based on their facial expressions, can enable us to test the validity of the universality hypothesis, as well as reduce the risk of aggression and potential injuries in wildlife tourism.MethodsThe present study investigated whether different levels of experience of Barbary macaques,Macaca sylvanus, affect the ability to correctly assess different facial expressions related to aggressive, distressed, friendly or neutral states, using an online questionnaire. Participants’ level of experience was defined as either: (1) naïve: never worked with nonhuman primates and never or rarely encountered live Barbary macaques; (2) exposed: shown pictures of the different Barbary macaques’ facial expressions along with the description and the corresponding emotion prior to undertaking the questionnaire; (3) expert: worked with Barbary macaques for at least two months.ResultsExperience with Barbary macaques was associated with better performance in judging their emotional state. Simple exposure to pictures of macaques’ facial expressions improved the ability of inexperienced participants to better discriminate neutral and distressed faces, and a trend was found for aggressive faces. However, these participants, even when previously exposed to pictures, had difficulties in recognising aggressive, distressed and friendly faces above chance level.DiscussionThese results do not support the universality hypothesis as exposed and naïve participants had difficulties in correctly identifying aggressive, distressed and friendly faces. Exposure to facial expressions improved their correct recognition. In addition, the findings suggest that providing simple exposure to 2D pictures (for example, information signs explaining animals’ facial signalling in zoos or animal parks) is not a sufficient educational tool to reduce tourists’ misinterpretations of macaque emotion. Additional measures, such as keeping a safe distance between tourists and wild animals, as well as reinforcing learning via videos or supervised visits led by expert guides, could reduce such issues and improve both animal welfare and tourist experience.
Non‐Heme Iron Catalysts with a Rigid Bis‐Isoindoline Backbone and Their Use in Selective Aliphatic C−H Oxidation
Authors: Chen Jianming , Lutz Martin , Milan Michela , Costas Miquel , Otte Matthias , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIron complexes derived from a bis‐isoindoline‐bis‐pyridine ligand platform based on the BPBP ligand (BPBP=N,N′‐bis(2‐picolyl)‐2,2′‐bis‐pyrrolidine) have been synthesized and applied in selective aliphatic C−H oxidation with hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions. The introduction of benzene moieties on the bis‐pyrrolidine backbone leads to an increased preference of tertiary over secondary C−H bond oxidation (3°/2° ratio up to 33). On the other hand, substituting the meta‐position of the pyridines with bulky silyl groups affords enhanced secondary C−H oxidation selectivity and generally leads to higher product yields and mass balances.magnified image