bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving temperature interpolation usingMODIS LSTand local topography: a comparison of methods in south east Australia
Authors: Stewart Stephen B. , Nitschke Craig R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAvailable climate data for south east Australia is reliant upon elevational lapse rates, which do not account for mesoscale processes that can affect temperatures, such as cold air drainage. Additional predictor variables are available for generating new climate datasets such as topographic indices and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land surface temperature (MODIS LST); however, these have not been thoroughly tested to date. In this study, the relative benefits of including a localized topographic index and standardizedMODIS LSTvalues for temperature interpolation were assessed using partial bivariate splines, full and partial trivariate splines, and regression kriging. Trivariate splines provided the best interpolation performance in most cases; however, the partial bivariate spline with a fixed dependence upon elevation performed marginally better than the full trivariate spline for minimum temperature. The local topographic index improved theRMSEof minimum temperature climate normals by 17% in comparison to the best performing elevation only model. A further improvement for minimum temperature performance was achieved by including standardized night timeMODIS LSTvalues as covariates (34–39% reduction inRMSE). Standardized day timeMODIS LSTvalues improved maximum temperature interpolation performance; however, the improvement was only marginal in comparison to the full trivariate spline (6% reduction inRMSE). Cross validation of daily maximum and minimum temperature anomalies reflected performance trends shown in the climate normal analysis. Results suggest that the use of alternative approaches to interpolating temperature data may have significant implications for the calculation of bioclimatic variables and provide new opportunities to study extremes at high spatial and temporal resolutions using existing weather station networks. Furthermore, improving minimum temperature surfaces by accounting for temperature inversions driven by cold air drainage regimes may improve our ability to incorporate mesoscale temperature variability into a variety of applications, such as deriving temperature dependent climatic variables, species distribution modelling and assessments of fire risk.
Early Quaternary sedimentary processes and palaeoenvironments in the central North Sea
Authors: Lamb Rachel M. , Huuse Mads , Stewart Margaret 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA number of elongate trough‐like features are observed in the early Quaternary succession of the central North Sea basin. A definitive model of formation for the features remains unclear but the troughs may aid in our understanding of the depositional environment of the early Quaternary. In total, 380 troughs were mapped over 11 000 km2 using continuous 3D seismic data and analysed in conjunction with well log data and understanding of the probable palaeogeographical context. The troughs were formed in a marine setting on the slope of a large clinoform set during a period of rapid progradation. The geometry and infill of the troughs, as well as the marine setting, strongly support a model of repeated density‐driven downslope flows which excavate and then infill the troughs perpendicular to the strike of the slope. A subset of the troughs are observed to form parallel to the strike in such a way that cannot be easily explained by downslope processes alone. A number of possible models are considered for the formation of these along‐slope troughs; here we conclude that the most likely scenario involves modification of the downslope flows by currents which divert the features along‐slope while maintaining the erosive nature of the flow.
Effects of a diet containing dried grape pomace on blood metabolites and milk composition of dairy cows
Authors: Chedea Veronica Sanda , Pelmus Rodica Stefania , Lazar Cristina , Pistol Gina Cecilia , Calin Loredana Georgeta , Toma Smaranda Mariana , Dragomir Catalin , Taranu Ionelia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of a diet containing 15% grape pomace (GP) on the general health status and milk quality of dairy cows was assessed by plasma biochemistry and total polyphenol (TP) content, milk polyphenols, milk composition and milk protein fractions.RESULTSAmong the polyphenols measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy in GP, in feed containing GP (GP+) or not containing GP (GP–), gallic acid and epicatechin were present in the highest concentrations (67.58 and 19.23 µg mL−1, respectively). Higher amounts of TP were also detected in the blood plasma of GP+ cows (114.06 and 83.93 mg GAE L−1, respectively) but not in their milk (233.17 and 245.75 mg GAE L−1, respectively). Also a significant increase was found for lactose and β‐lactoglobulin, although there was no effect on α‐lactalbumin, albumin, secretory components and caseins.CONCLUSIONInclusion of 15% GP in the diets of dairy cows is beneficial for overall normal blood constituent metabolism and helps to maintain cow health. The milk of cows fed with a GP diet preserves the normal levels of fat, protein and caseins, and has increased levels of components that make this milk a versatile ingredient material for the food industry (e.g. model whey powders, stability of lactose‐rich powders). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of water and nitrogen use efficiency for maize (Zea mays L.) grown on soft rock and sand compound soil
Authors: Wang Huanyuan , Han Jichang , Tong Wei , Cheng Jie , Zhang Haiou 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize was grown on compound soils constituted from mixtures of soft rock and sand at different ratios, and water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (FNUE) were quantified. The data were used to assist in designing strategies for optimizing water and nitrogen management practices for maize on the substrates used. Maize was sown in composite soil prepared at three ratios of soft rock and sand (1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 v/v) in Mu Us Sandy Land, Yuyang district, Yulin city, China. Yields, amount of drainage, nitrogen (N) leaching, WUE and NUE were calculated. Then a water and nitrogen management model (WNMM) was calibrated and validated.RESULTSNo significant difference in evapotranspiration of maize was found among compound soils with soft rock/sand ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5, while water drainage increased significantly with increasing soft rock/sand ratio. WUE increased to 1.30 kg m−3 in compound soil with 1:2 soft rock/sand ratio. Nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization were the main reason for nitrogen loss, and N reduction mainly relied on crop uptake. NUE and FNUE could reach 33.1 and 24.9 kg kg−1 N respectively. Water drainage and nitrogen leaching occurred mostly during heavy rainfall or irrigation. Through a scenario analysis of different rainfall types, water and fertilizer management systems were formulated each year.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that soft rock plays a key role in improving the WUE, NUE and FNUE of maize. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of norfloxacin in food by an enhanced spectrofluorimetric method
Authors: Duan Ruilin , Jiang Junze , Liu Shaopu , Yang Jidong , Qiao Man , Shi Ying , Hu Xiaoli 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDUsing a norfloxacin (NFLX)–Nd3+–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system for the detection of NFLX, a simple and sensitive method based on fluorescence enhancement was developed.RESULTSIn pH 7.0 buffer solution, NFLX reacted with Nd3+ to form a complex, which resulted in fluorescence enhancement of NFLX, and the maximum emission peak shifted from 415 nm for NFLX to 450 nm for NFLX–Nd3+. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity increased further when the surfactant CTAB was added to NFLX–Nd3+. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the NFLX–Nd3+–CTAB system was linearly correlated with the NFLX concentration in the range 0.038–10 µmol L−1, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9997. The detection limit (3σ/k) was 0.021 µmol L−1, indicating that this method can be applied to detect trace NFLX levels. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement is discussed. The method was used to detect NFLX in fish and chicken samples with satisfactory results.CONCLUSIONThe present results indicate that this method has the potential for fast and real‐time determination of NFLX in food samples © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term manure amendments and chemical fertilizers enhanced soil organic carbon sequestration in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system
Authors: Zhang Shuiqing , Huang Shaomin , Li Jianwei , Guo Doudou , Lin Shan , Lu Guoan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe carbon sequestration potential is affected by cropping system and management practices, but soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential under fertilizations remains unclear in north China. This study examined SOC change, total C input to soil and, via integration of these estimates over years, carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, the ratio of SOC change over C input) under no fertilization (control), chemical nitrogen fertilizer alone (N) or combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NP, NK, PK and NPK), or chemical fertilizers combined with low or high (1.5×) manure input (NPKM and 1.5NPKM).RESULTSResults showed that, as compared with the initial condition, SOC content increased by 0.03, 0.06, 0.05, 0.09, 0.16, 0.26, 0.47 and 0.68 Mg C ha−1 year−1 under control, N, NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments respectively. Correspondingly, the C inputs of wheat and maize were 1.24, 1.34, 1.55, 1.33, 2.72, 2.96, 2.97 and 3.15 Mg ha−1 year−1 respectively. The long‐term fertilization‐induced CSE showed that about 11% of the gross C input was transformed into SOC pool.CONCLUSIONOverall, this study demonstrated that decade‐long manure input combined with chemical fertilizers can maintain high crop yield and lead to SOC sequestration in north China. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates
Authors: Spranghers Thomas , Ottoboni Matteo , Klootwijk Cindy , Ovyn Anneke , Deboosere Stefaan , De Meulenaer Bruno , Michiels Joris , Eeckhout Mia , De Clercq Patrick , De Smet Stefaan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack soldier fly larvae are converters of organic waste into edible biomass, of which the composition may depend on the substrate. In this study, larvae were grown on four substrates: chicken feed, vegetable waste, biogas digestate, and restaurant waste. Samples of prepupae and substrates were freeze‐dried and proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral analyses were performed.RESULTSProtein content of prepupae varied between 399 and 431 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) among treatments. Differences in amino acid profile of prepupae were small. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) and ash contents differed substantially. Prepupae reared on digestate were low in EE and high in ash (218 and 197 g kg−1 DM, respectively) compared to those reared on vegetable waste (371 and 96 g kg−1 DM, respectively), chicken feed (336 and 100 g kg−1 DM, respectively) and restaurant waste (386 and 27 g kg−1 DM, respectively). Prepupal fatty acid profiles were characterised by high levels of C12:0 in all treatments.CONCLUSIONSince protein content and quality were high and comparable for prepupae reared on different substrates, black soldier fly could be an interesting protein source for animal feeds. However, differences in EE and ash content as a function of substrate should be considered. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Template effect on reconstruction of blue phase liquid crystal
Authors: Hu De‐Chun , Li Wei‐Huan , Chen Xing‐Wu , Ma Xiao‐Long , Lee Yung‐Jui , Lu Jian‐Gang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe reconstruction capability of the blue phase (BP) template with low polymer concentration was investigated. A threshold polymer concentration to reconstruct the BP with the chiral three‐dimensional template was confirmed in different kinds of polymer systems. The anchoring energy of the template may reassemble the double twist cylinder structure of BP liquid crystal (BPLC) by refilling either the same‐handed or reverse‐handed chiral materials within a certain range of helical twisting power (HTP). Meanwhile, because of the lowered anchoring energy, the kerr constant of the reconstructed BPLC increased by 104%, from 1.81 nm/V2 to 3.70 nm/V2, by refilling the reverse‐handed chiral material.
Breast cancer patients’ information seeking during surgical consultations: A qualitative, videotape‐based analysis of patients’ questions
Authors: Robinson Jeffrey D. , Venetis Maria , Street Richard L. , Kearney Thomas 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundDespite data on breast cancer patients’ information needs and their association with patient outcomes, there are currently no data on what U.S. patients actually ask surgeons during primary consultations.MethodsWorking from transcripts of videotaped, treatment decision making consultations between breast cancer patients and surgeons, we identify all questions (by patients and companions) and then use grounded theory techniques to determine the most recurrent question‐asking themes.ResultsSample includes 132 recently diagnosed (M = 8.9 days), late‐middle‐aged (M = 61.2 years), female patients with predominantly early stage (0–1; 78%), first‐time breast cancer (92.4%) consulting with one of nine surgeons in community based offices. Transcripts contained 2,781 questions (1,929 by patients, 852 by companions; Cohen's Kappa = 0.90), which generated 15 patient question asking themes that were represented (i.e., asked about) at least once in >20% of all consultations.ConclusionQuestion asking themes are a concrete index of what patients want to know more about prior to treatment. Identified themes specify, modify, and extend prior findings based on self‐report data. Findings potentially increase surgeons’ levels of patient centered care by improving surgeons’ abilities to satisfactorily address patients’ information needs, which has the potential to improve both patient outcomes and clinical practice guidelines. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:922–929. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of mal de debarquement syndrome as vestibular migraines
Authors: Ghavami Yaser , Haidar Yarah M. , Ziai Kasra N. , Moshtaghi Omid , Bhatt Jay , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveMal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a balance disorder that typically starts after an extended exposure to passive motion, such as a boat or plane ride. Management is typically supportive (e.g. physical therapy), and symptoms that persist beyond 6 months have been described as unlikely to remit. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of patients with MdDS to management with migraine prophylaxis, including lifestyle changes and medical therapy.Study DesignProspective review.SettingAmbulatory setting at a tertiary care medical center.MethodsClinical history, detailed questionnaires, and audiograms were used to diagnose patients with MdDS. Those patients with the diagnosis of the MdDS were placed on our institutional vestibular migraine management protocol. Treatment response was assessed with a quality‐of‐life (QOL) survey and visual analog scale.ResultsFifteen patients were diagnosed with MdDS, with a predominance of females (73%) and a mean age of 50 ± 13 years. Eleven patients (73%) responded well to management with a vestibular migraine protocol, which included lifestyle changes, as well as pharmacotherapy with verapamil, nortriptyline, topiramate, or a combination thereof. In comparison, a retrospective control group of 17 patients demonstrated a lower rate of improvement when treated with vestibular rehabilitation and physical therapy.ConclusionManagement of MdDS as vestibular migraine can improve patients' symptoms and increase the QOL. Nearly all the patients suffering from MdDS had a personal or family history of migraine headaches or had signs or symptoms suggestive of atypical migraine.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:1670–1675, 2017
Shifting Cyanobacterial Diversity in Response to Agricultural Soils Associated with Dust Emission
Authors: Katra Itzhak , Laor Shimrit , Swet Nitzan , Kushmaro Ariel , Ben‐Dov Eitan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDust emission to the atmosphere from wind‐eroded soils has many environmental impacts, including soil degradation and air pollution. Various agricultural land uses alter the topsoil properties and thus affect dust particle characteristics as well as loading of biological components into the air. In the present work, the richness and abundance of bacterial communities in topsoils of semiarid loess that are associated with dust emissions were studied by high throughput sequencing methods and were found to be affected by land uses: conventional agriculture, organic agriculture alternating with grazing, uncontrolled grazing activities and natural nondisturbed soil. Moreover, bacterial diversity was shown to be influenced by the contents of sand, CaCO3 and particulate matter in the topsoil. Of all bacteria taxa detected, cyanobacteria were found to be most strongly influenced by land use: Natural and grazing lands were highly abundant with cyanobacterial reads (about 33%), whereas conventional agriculture lands and organic agriculture lands alternating with grazing contained only 7% cyanobacteria. When examining macro‐aggregates in two soils (natural and grazing), approximately 44% of reads were found to be affiliated to cyanobacteria, whereas in micro‐aggregates, their concentration decreased to about 11%. Intensive agricultural use leads to a reduction in soil aggregation and significantly decreases cyanobacteria abundance, in turn increasing dust emission potential and loss of topsoil materials to the atmosphere. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On university pressing and evidence pu(bli)shing: The view from a funder
Authors: Llewellyn Mark , David Sumi 
Published: October 2016

Key points
A total of 4% of REF2014 submissions were published by university presses.
A total of 85% of all university press publications submitted for REF2014 were in the arts and humanities.
A total of 97% of university press outputs funded by AHRC in REF2014 were in the UK and USA.
Success can be found in the partnership between public investment and publisher support brokered by leading researchers.
Elevated trace metal content of prokaryotic communities associated with marine oxygen deficient zones
Authors: Ohnemus Daniel C. , Rauschenberg Sara , Cutter Gregory A. , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Sherrell Robert M. , Twining Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the trace metal content of marine prokaryotes, in part due to their co‐occurrence with more abundant particulate phases in the upper ocean, such as phytoplankton and biogenic detritus, lithogenic minerals, and authigenic Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides. We attempt to isolate these biomass signals in particulate data from the US GEOTRACES Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect (cruise GP16) in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP), which exhibited consistent maxima in P and other bioactive trace metals, and minima in particulate Mn, in the oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) of 13 stations. Nitrite maxima and nitrate deficits indicated the presence of denitrifying prokaryotic biomass within ETSP ODZs, and deep secondary fluorescence maxima at the upper ODZ boundaries of 10 stations also suggested the presence of low‐light, autotrophic communities. ODZs were observed as far west as 99°W, more than 2300 km from the South American coast, where eolian lithogenic and lateral/resuspended sedimentary inputs were negligible, presenting a unique opportunity to examine prokaryotic metal stoichiometries. ODZ particulate P maxima can rival gyre mixed layer biomass concentrations, are highly sensitive to oxygen, and are in excess of amounts scavengable by local Fe oxyhydroxides and acid–volatile sulfides. Even after correction for lithogenic and ferruginous–scavenged metals, ODZ P‐maxima are often enriched in Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn, exhibiting particulate trace metal ratios to P that exceed mixed layer biomass ratios by factors of 2–9. ODZ prokaryotic communities may be largely hidden, TM–rich pools involved in the marine cycles of these bioactive trace metals.
Multifaceted impacts of the stony coral Porites astreoides on picoplankton abundance and community composition
Authors: McNally Sean P. , Parsons Rachel J. , Santoro Alyson E. , Apprill Amy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPicoplankton foster essential recycling of nutrients in the oligotrophic waters sustaining coral reef ecosystems. Despite this fact, there is a paucity of data on how the specific interactions between corals and planktonic bacteria and archaea (picoplankton) contribute to nutrient dynamics and reef productivity. Here, we utilized mesocosm experiments to investigate how corals and coral mucus influence picoplankton and nutrients in reef waters. Over 12 days, we tracked nutrient concentrations, picoplankton abundances and taxonomic composition of picoplankton using direct cell‐counts, sequencing of SSU rRNA genes and fluorescent in situ hybridization‐based abundances of dominant lineages in the presence or absence of Porites astreoides corals and with mucus additions. Our results demonstrate that when corals are present, Synechococcus, SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae cells are preferentially removed. When corals were removed, their exudates enhanced the growth of diverse picoplankton, including SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae. A seven‐fold increase in nitrate concentration, possibly caused by nitrogen remineralization (ammonification coupled to nitrification) within the coral holobiont, may have further facilitated the growth of these taxa. In contrast, the addition of mucus resulted in rapid initial growth of total picoplankton and Rhodobacteraceae, but no measurable change in overall community structure. This study presents evidence of the multifaceted influences of corals on picoplankton, in which the coral holobiont selectively removes and promotes the growth of diverse picoplankton and remineralizes nitrogen.