bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional network connectivity reveals unique and overlapping profiles of insula subdivisions
Authors: Nomi Jason S. , Farrant Kristafor , Damaraju Eswar , Rachakonda Srinivas , Calhoun Vince D. , Uddin Lucina Q. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe human insular cortex consists of functionally diverse subdivisions that engage during tasks ranging from interoception to cognitive control. The multiplicity of functions subserved by insular subdivisions calls for a nuanced investigation of their functional connectivity profiles. Four insula subdivisions (dorsal anterior, dAI; ventral, VI; posterior, PI; middle, MI) derived using a data‐driven approach were subjected to static‐ and dynamic functional network connectivity (s‐FNC and d‐FNC) analyses. Static‐FNC analyses replicated previous work demonstrating a cognition‐emotion‐interoception division of the insula, where the dAI is functionally connected to frontal areas, the VI to limbic areas, and the PI and MI to sensorimotor areas. Dynamic‐FNC analyses consisted of k‐means clustering of sliding windows to identify variable insula connectivity states. The d‐FNC analysis revealed that the most frequently occurring dynamic state mirrored the cognition‐emotion‐interoception division observed from the s‐FNC analysis, with less frequently occurring states showing overlapping and unique subdivision connectivity profiles. In two of the states, all subdivisions exhibited largely overlapping profiles, consisting of subcortical, sensory, motor, and frontal connections. Two other states showed the dAI exhibited a unique connectivity profile compared with other insula subdivisions. Additionally, the dAI exhibited the most variable functional connections across the s‐FNC and d‐FNC analyses, and was the only subdivision to exhibit dynamic functional connections with regions of the default mode network. These results highlight how a d‐FNC approach can capture functional dynamics masked by s‐FNC approaches, and reveal dynamic functional connections enabling the functional flexibility of the insula across time. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1770–1787, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allocation of Residency Training Positions in Spain: Contextual Effects on Specialty Preferences
Authors: Harris Jeffrey E. , Lopez‐Valcarcel Beatriz G. , Barber Patricia , Ortún Vicente 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn Spain's ‘MIR’ system, medical school graduates are ranked by their performance on a national exam and then sequentially choose from the available residency training positions. We took advantage of a unique survey of participants in the 2012 annual MIR cycle to analyze preferences under two different choice scenarios: the residency program actually chosen by each participant when it came her turn (the ‘real’) and the program that she would have chosen if all residency training programs had been available (the ‘counterfactual’). Utilizing conditional logit models with random coefficients, we found significant differences in medical graduates' preferences between the two scenarios, particularly with respect to three specialty attributes: work hours/lifestyle, prestige among colleagues, and annual remuneration. In the counterfactual world, these attributes were valued preferentially by those nearer to the top, while in the real world, they were valued preferentially by graduates nearer to the bottom of the national ranking. Medical graduates' specialty preferences, which we conclude, are not intrinsically stable but depend critically on the ‘rules of the game’. The MIR assignment system, by restricting choice, effectively creates an externality in which those at the bottom, who have fewer choices, want what those at the top already have. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exponentially growing osteosarcoma of mandible with acromegaly
Authors: Choi Nayeon , Kim Seokhwi , Cho Jungkyu , Kim Byung Kil , Cho Young Sang , Jang Jeon Yeob , Baek Chung‐Hwan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundOsteosarcoma of the head and neck is aggressive malignancy that might be affected by growth hormone. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an unusual case of osteosarcoma with acromegaly.Methods and ResultsThis case is about a 39‐year‐old woman with an osteosarcoma of the mandible, who had a history of exponential tumor growth in spite of chemotherapy at another hospital. She transferred to Samsung Medical Center and underwent a wide resection of tumor and free flap reconstruction. During postoperative care, a brain MRI and hormonal test revealed a growth hormone‐secreting pituitary adenoma, and then a transsphenoidal approach pituitary tumor removal was performed. Immunohistochemistry of the osteosarcoma indicated positive for insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)−2 and somatostatin receptor.ConclusionThis study proved the IGF‐2 and somatostatin receptor from the osteosarcoma of the patient with acromegaly, and this could explain that the growth hormone secreting from the pituitary adenoma might be a risk factor of therapeutic intractability and growth acceleration of osteosarcoma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2432–E2436, 2016
Domino‐Ring Opening‐Cyclization (DROC) of Donor‐Acceptor (DA) Cyclopropanes
Authors: Talukdar Ranadeep , Saha Amrita , Ghorai Manas K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new concept called “domino‐ring opening‐cyclization (DROC)” has been introduced by us where both the reactive centres of the DA cyclopropane participate in the bond formation, with a suitable reagent bearing both nucleophilic and electrophilic terminals in a domino fashion. The present review is intended to concisely describe the evolution of this new concept.
Current practices in corrosion, surface characterization, and nickel leach testing of cardiovascular metallic implants
Authors: Nagaraja Srinidhi , Di Prima Matthew , Saylor David , Takai Erica 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn an effort to better understand current test practices and improve nonclinical testing of cardiovascular metallic implants, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a public workshop on Cardiovascular Metallic Implants: corrosion, surface characterization, and nickel leaching. The following topics were discussed: (1) methods used for corrosion assessments, surface characterization techniques, and nickel leach testing of metallic cardiovascular implant devices, (2) the limitations of each of these in vitro tests in predicting in vivo performance, (3) the need, utility, and circumstances when each test should be considered, and (4) the potential testing paradigms, including acceptance criteria for each test. In addition to the above topics, best practices for these various tests were discussed, and knowledge gaps were identified. Prior to the workshop, discussants had the option to provide feedback and information on issues relating to each of the topics via a voluntary preworkshop assignment. During the workshop, the pooled responses were presented and a panel of experts discussed the results. This article summarizes the proceedings of this workshop and background information provided by workshop participants. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1330–1341, 2017.
Nonlinear switching and solitons in PT‐symmetric photonic systems
Authors: Suchkov Sergey V. , Sukhorukov Andrey A. , Huang Jiahao , Dmitriev Sergey V. , Lee Chaohong , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOne of the challenges of the modern photonics is to develop all‐optical devices enabling increased speed and energy efficiency for transmitting and processing information on an optical chip. It is believed that the recently suggested Parity‐Time (PT) symmetric photonic systems with alternating regions of gain and loss can bring novel functionalities. In such systems, losses are as important as gain and, depending on the structural parameters, gain compensates losses. Generally, PT systems demonstrate nontrivial non‐conservative wave interactions and phase transitions, which can be employed for signal filtering and switching, opening new prospects for active control of light. In this review, we discuss a broad range of problems involving nonlinear PT‐symmetric photonic systems with an intensity‐dependent refractive index. Nonlinearity in such PT symmetric systems provides a basis for many effects such as the formation of localized modes, nonlinearly‐induced PT‐symmetry breaking, and all‐optical switching. Nonlinear PT‐symmetric systems can serve as powerful building blocks for the development of novel photonic devices targeting an active light control.
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Nucleation and Self‐Nucleation of Bio‐Based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) Probed by Fast Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Martino Lucrezia , Guigo Nathanaël , van Berkel Jesper Gabriël , Kolstad Jeffrey John , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas 
Published: February 2016

The present work focuses on the influence of nucleation processes on the crystallization of bio‐based poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF). Nuclei formation has been studied by means of fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) both when cooling from the melt (nonisothermal conditions) and when annealing at either low‐ or high‐temperatures (isothermal conditions). FSC results show that nucleation on cooling can be prevented by using fast rates allowing to keep the polymer in its amorphous state; whereas cooling at moderate rates results in sample nucleation with a subsequent increase of the crystallization rate. Isothermal pretreatment just above the PEF glass transition temperature (Tg) results in nuclei formation whose rate decreases when the nucleation temperature approaches PEF Tg. On the other hand, annealing below the PEF melting point allows determination of the sample self‐nucleation behavior which occurs in a very narrow temperature range, i.e., between 195 and 198 °C.
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Optically controlled properties of nanoparticles stabilised by photochromic difurylethene‐base diarylethenes
Authors: Snegir S. , Mukha I. , Sysoiev D. , Lacaze E. , Huhn T. , Pluchery O. 
Published: February 2016

In this manuscript we describe the development of a hybrid organometallic coating to be used on glass surface. This coating consists of gold nanoparticles covered by difurylethene‐based diarylethene (DAE) photochromic molecules which are investigated covalently bound on glass slides. Diarylethene being attached to the gold nanoparticles by thiol groups formed mainly disordered monolayer on the Au Np surface. Nanoparticles bearing the open‐ring form of DAE showing an up to 6 % increased intensity of the absorption band maximum at λ = 520 nm compared to unmodified nanoparticles. This value was even increased to 22 % when the nanoparticles ware covered with a monolayer of the closed ring DAE, revealing a strong variation of the local refractive index of gold nanoparticles. Moreover, besides modification of the gold nanoparticles refractive index, the DAEs interacted most probably with the local surface plasmon resonance excitation. This was evident by a blue shift of the absorbance band of the long wave absorbance of the nanoparticles instead of the expected red shift. Simultaneously with the observed blue shift a strong increase of intensity of the visible light absorption was observed.The obtained results are discussed in view of the calculated values of visible‐light absorbance of gold nanoparticles chemically attached to glass slides.
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is improved by transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical therapy
Authors: Manenti Rosa , Brambilla Michela , Benussi Alberto , Rosini Sandra , Cobelli Chiara , Ferrari Clarissa , Petesi Michela , Orizio Italo , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara , Cotelli Maria 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and cognitive deficits. In PD, physical exercise has been found to improve physical functioning. Recent studies demonstrated that repeated sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation led to an increased performance in cognitive and motor tasks in patients with PD.ObjectivesThe present study investigated the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and combined with physical therapy in PD patients.MethodsA total of 20 patients with PD were assigned to 1 of 2 study groups: group 1, anodal transcranial direct current stimulation plus physical therapy (n = 10) or group 2, placebo transcranial direct current stimulation plus physical therapy (n = 10). The 2 weeks of treatment consisted of daily direct current stimulation application for 25 minutes during physical therapy. Long‐term effects of treatment were evaluated on clinical, neuropsychological, and motor task performance at 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsAn improvement in motor abilities and a reduction of depressive symptoms were observed in both groups after the end of treatment and at 3‐month follow‐up. The Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale and verbal fluency test performances increased only in the anodal direct current stimulation group with a stable effect at follow‐up.ConclusionsThe application of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation may be a relevant tool to improve cognitive abilities in PD and might be a novel therapeutic strategy for PD patients with mild cognitive impairment. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Longitudinal Measurements of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hall Sara , Surova Yulia , Öhrfelt Annika ,   the Swedish BioFINDER Study, Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hansson Oskar 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau, phosphorylated tau, β‐amyloid42, α‐synuclein, neurofilament light, and YKL‐40 change over time and if changes correlate with motor progression and/or cognitive decline in patients with PD and controls.MethodsWe included 63 patients with PD (nondemented) and 21 neurologically healthy controls from the prospective and longitudinal Swedish BioFINDER study, all of whom had clinical assessments and lumbar punctures at baseline and after 2 years.ResultsCSF tau levels correlated strongly with α‐synuclein. The levels of CSF α‐synuclein, tau, phosphorylated tau, neurofilament light, and YKL‐40, but not β‐amyloid42, increased in CSF over 2 years in PD. No changes were seen in the control group. Studying patients with a short disease duration ( ≤ 5 years) and patients with a long disease duration ( > 5 years) separately, α‐synuclein and tau only increased in the PD group with long disease duration. In the PD group, an increase in phosphorylated tau over 2 years correlated with faster motor progression and faster cognitive decline. An increase in YKL‐40 over 2 years correlated with faster cognitive decline.ConclusionCSF biomarkers reflecting Lewy body pathology and neurodegeneration (α‐synuclein), neuronal degeneration (tau, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light), and inflammation (YKL‐40) increase significantly over 2 years in PD. CSF levels of α‐synuclein and tau correlate and remain stable in the early symptomatic phase of PD but increase in the later phase. We hypothesize that CSF α‐synuclein levels might increase as a result of more intense neurodegeneration in PD with long disease duration. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The anterolateral thigh fold‐over flap for total and subtotal glossectomy reconstruction
Authors: Paydarfar Joseph A. , Freed Gary L. , Gosselin Benoit J. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundWe present a fold‐over technique for total and subtotal glossectomy reconstruction utilizing the ALT flap with the goal of increasing soft tissue bulk.MethodsRetrospective review of total and subtotal glossectomy patients undergoing ALT fold‐over flap reconstruction from January 2007 to December 2012.ResultsEight patients fit inclusion criteria. Average length of follow‐up was 35 months. There were no flap failures. At last follow‐up, no patients were tracheostomy dependent. Six out of 8 patients (75%) did not require a g‐tube and were able to maintain their weight. Speech intelligibility was good in 6/8 patients (75%).ConclusionsThe ALT fold‐over flap technique provides sufficient bulk to allow decannulation and airway protection as well as PO intake in most patients. Given the minimal donor site morbidity, it is our technique of choice for total and subtotal glossectomy defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:297–302, 2016.
Obesity and emotional well‐being in adolescents: Roles of body dissatisfaction, loss of control eating, and self‐rated health
Authors: Gall Kelly , van Zutven Kim , Lindstrom Joanna , Bentley Caroline , Gratwick‐Sarll Kassandra , Harrison Carmel , Lewis Vivienne , Mond Jonathan 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveWeak or inconsistent association between obesity and impairment in emotional well‐being in population‐based samples has led to efforts to identify mediating variables. This study examined the relative importance of body dissatisfaction (BD), loss of control (LOC) eating, and self‐rated health (SRH) in mediating the association between obesity and impairment in emotional well‐being in a school‐based sample of adolescents (boys, n = 437; girls, n = 950).MethodsModerated mediation analysis was employed to assess the relative importance of the putative mediating variables and moderation of mediation effects by sex following the methods suggested by Hayes and coworkers.ResultsBD and SRH, but not LOC eating, were found to mediate the association between obesity and impairment in emotional well‐being. Stronger mediation effects were observed for BD than for SRH. None of these results was moderated by sex.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that it may be important to target BD in obesity prevention and treatment programs in order to reduce the adverse impact of excess body weight on young people's emotional well‐being.
Conceptualization and Development of the Leg Activity Measure (LegA) for Patient and Carer Reported Assessment of Activity in the Paretic Leg
Authors: Ashford Stephen , Jackson Diana , Mahaffey Patrick , Vanderstay Roxana , Turner‐Stokes Lynne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop a patient‐reported outcome measure of active and passive function in the paretic lower limb with associated spasticity.MethodsPotential items for inclusion were identified through (1) systematic review and analysis of existing measures and (2) analysis of the primary goals for treatment in a spasticity service. Ethical approval for re‐evaluation of routinely collected data was received. Item reduction was achieved through consultation with a purposively selected group of experienced physiotherapists and occupational therapists (n = 16) in a two‐round Delphi process. This was followed by a review of Delphi consultation findings by the Project Advisory Group consisting of patients and carers.ResultsDevelopment of the leg activity measure (LegA) included two rounds of Delphi consultation, which resulted in a high degree of agreement (80% in round 2) between respondents in rounds 1 and 2. From an initial shortlist of 126 items, 29 items were initially identified for inclusion in LegA and subsequently refined to a 24‐item (two sub‐scales) tool consisting of nine passive function and 15 active function items.DiscussionThe Delphi consultation with clinicians experienced in this area of practice ensured content validity and appropriate reduction of items. In common with previous work in the upper limb, a 5‐point ordinal scaling structure was chosen, with ratings based on activity over the preceding 7 days. The LegA is designed to measure passive and active function following focal interventions associated with spasticity in the lower limb. Content and face validity have initially been addressed within the development process. The next phase of development will involve formal evaluation of psychometric properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism and rate constants of the Cdc42 GTPase binding with intrinsically disordered effectors
Authors: Pang Xiaodong , Zhou Huan‐Xiang 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are often involved in signaling and regulatory functions, through binding to cellular targets. Many IDPs undergo disorder‐to‐order transitions upon binding. Both the binding mechanisms and the magnitudes of the binding rate constants can have functional importance. Previously we have found that the coupled binding and folding of any IDP generally follows a sequential mechanism that we term dock‐and‐coalesce, whereby one segment of the IDP first docks to its subsite on the target surface and the remaining segments subsequently coalesce around their respective subsites. Here we applied our TransComp method within the framework of the dock‐and‐coalesce mechanism to dissect the binding kinetics of two Rho‐family GTPases, Cdc42 and TC10, with two intrinsically disordered effectors, WASP and Pak1. TransComp calculations identified the basic regions preceding the GTPase binding domains (GBDs) of the effectors as the docking segment. For Cdc42 binding with both WASP and Pak1, the calculated docking rate constants are close to the observed overall binding rate constants, suggesting that basic‐region docking is the rate‐limiting step and subsequent conformational coalescence of the GBDs on the Cdc42 surface is fast. The possibility that conformational coalescence of the WASP GBD on the TC10 surface is slow warrants further experimental investigation. The account for the differences in binding rate constants among the three GTPase‐effector systems and mutational effects therein yields deep physical and mechanistic insight into the binding processes. Our approach may guide the selection of mutations that lead to redesigned binding pathways. Proteins 2016; 84:674–685. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.