bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourteenth-Century Rent Management in Catalonia: A Case Study of the Pia Almoina of Barcelona
Authors: Franklin-Lyons Adam 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the changing practice of land management by the Cathedral poorhouse of Barcelona, known as the Pia Almoina. During the fourteenth century, the institution moved away from earlier increases in the use of free tenancy and fixed-rate rents and began to acquire new lands that relied more heavily on sharecropping and wage labor. The shift began before the depopulation brought on by the Black Death and continued through the second half of the fourteenth century. This shift in practice is notable because it contrasts with the dominant English model in which tenancies generally improved and direct farming practices shrank after the Black Death. However, the Almoina's practices do reflect urban practices in Tuscany where a strong mark could make sharecropping contracts such as the mezzadria desirable and profitable, even in an era of falling population.
Charting the course for American Nurses Credentialing Center–Approved perioperative nurse-sensitive indicators
Authors: Shepherd Mary , Hawthorne Nina 
Published: December 2017

The current health care environment, with increasing public awareness of and attention to patient safety, mandates the delivery of exceptional quality care. To meet the health care requisites of the perioperative patient population, clinical nurses have identified the need for nurse-sensitive clinical indicators for this setting. We describe the strategies used to identify, obtain American Nurses Credentialing Center approval for, and integrate nurse-sensitive indicators into the perioperative setting to advance a Magnet culture. Prior to this, nurse-sensitive indicators for the perioperative setting that enabled nurses to monitor and improve patient care outcomes, in accordance with the standards of a Magnet-recognized hospital, had not been formally established. A review of the literature yielded a list of potential metrics, which included normothermia, patient falls with harm, and retained surgical items. Methodology and data collection processes for these metrics were established, facilitating quarterly Nursing Dashboards and collaboration among nurses to improve patient outcomes. This groundbreaking initiative enables nurses to routinely evaluate whether the structures and processes of care effectively yield quality outcomes. This foundational work has broader implications for nursing practice, because these quality metrics can easily be translated into perioperative settings in other health care organizations.
SCIENZA, FENOMENOLOGIA E RIDUZIONE
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: December 2017

<p>La cultura filosofica e scientifica accede ai media solo nelle ore più buie della notte. Sarà quindi da abbandonare ai nottambuli? Husserl si chiedeva se la filosofia potesse essere una “scienza rigorosa”. Questa domanda avrà ancora un interesse? Non dovremmo però contestare l’unilateralità della deriva culturale dei nostri tempi e rivendicare per la riflessione fondamentale nuovi spazi d’interrogazione? Le scienze sono credibili soltanto perché offrono la possibilità di alimentare la potenza della tecnica? Non dobbiamo porre invece la domanda sul loro fondamento razionale; criticare la mentalità che si accontenta del loro successo tecnico? Tenteremo di rispondere a queste domande leggendo alcuni testi di Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger e Michel Henry. Il nostro intento è di capire il significato del termine “riduzione” in fenomenologia. Questo termine ha conosciuto alcune avventure. Indica, infatti, per un fenomenologo il metodo più radicale per fondare il senso delle attività umane, comprese quelle scientifiche.</p><div><br clear="all" /><div> </div></div>
AS PALAVRAS E AS COISAS: UMA HISTÓRIA DO PENSAMENTO QUE NOS AJUDA A ENTENDER A EMERGÊNCIA DA QUESTÃO DO SUJEITO NA FILOSOFIA MODERNA
Authors: Socio Luama 
Published: December 2017

<p>Através de uma análise histórica do desenvolvimento do pensamento ocidental no contexto das línguas francesa e inglesa, tendo como ponto de partida uma reflexão aprofundada sobre o século XVIII, a obra de Foucault, “As Palavras e as Coisas”, nos faz entender que a raiz do pensamento moderno repousa na linguagem como extensão dos próprios modos de funcionamento da mente humana e de seus sujeitos. A linguagem não é apenas representação, no sentido de espelho ou expressão do mundo percebido. Foucault irá performatizar essa questão com seu próprio discurso, realizando nitidamente um método que podemos classificar de “kantiano” , em que o procedimento geral da comparação, como movimento básico do funcionamento das categorias mentais, aparece como expediente organizacional, tanto do discurso de Foucault, quanto como sub-tema do material analisado. Essa história do pensamento nos ajuda a entender a questão da emergência do sujeito na filosofia moderna.</p>
PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES
Authors: Gomes Viviane Passos , Viveiros Diana Cristina De Medeiros 
Published: December 2017

As lacunas normativas de proteção aos migrantes advindos de catástrofes e desastres ambientais demonstram grande resistência da comunidade internacional quanto à criação de uma categoria específica de “refugiados ambientais”. Essas lacunas contrastam com o atual cenário internacional, onde há uma demanda cada vez maior para o reconhecimento dos direitos específicos a esse grupo de pessoas. Esse artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o panorama geral e as perspectivas de proteção jurídica internacional destinada aos chamados “refugiados ambientais”, bem como os avanços normativos que, embora tímidos, não eximem a necessidade de uma proteção normativa específica. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se nos documentos e relatórios de organizações internacionais e sites especializados, através de uma análise qualitativa associada ao levantamento de dados documentais e referências. Embora o conceito de “refugiados ambientais” não seja reconhecido pelas Nações Unidas, alguns avanços já podem ser observados tanto no âmbito das Organizações Intergovernamentais, como no âmbito da Sociedade Civil. Por outro lado, a necessidade de uma ação internacional efetiva, seja através de medidas adaptativas e temporais, como o uso dos instrumentos de direitos humanos existentes, seja ela específica e consolidada através da criação de um estatuto específico para esta nova categoria de refugiados é urgentes e inevitável.
La cuestión del límite entre el hombre y el animal en el pensamiento de Jacques Derrida
Authors: González Gallinas Enrique 
Published: December 2017

Quizás el binomio conceptual más sólido en filosofía y menos cuestionado es el que opone al hombre con el animal. En el presente artículo abordaremos el cuestionamiento que Derrida realizará del cercado en el que el hombre ha recluido al resto de los animales, y su denuncia del dogmatismo con el que unilateralmente se les ha negado aquello que el hombre mismo se ha otorgado en exclusividad. Y ello no para postular ningún continuismo biológico, nada más lejos en un pensador que precisamente ha encontrado en la diferencia y en lo heterogéneo su mayor estímulo filosófico, sino para pensar ese abismo en toda su complejidad y haciéndose cargo de su espesura de sus repliegues.
Derrida y la tragedia de la representación.
Authors: López Bernal Juana Isabel 
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo realiza una lectura de “Le sacrifice”, trascripción de una intervención realizada por Jacques Derrida el 20 de octubre de 1991 en el Teatro Nacional de Lille, en el curso de un encuentro titulado: L’irreprésentable, le secret, la nuit, le forclos. En este texto Derrida nos propone una reflexión sobre el teatro de Daniel Mesguich (Argel, 1952). Nuestro texto se inscribe en los pliegues de esta lectura de Derrida, en su reflexión sobre la tragedia, el sacrificio y el tiempo del teatro, realizando así una nueva lectura que incluirá en su camino a Sófocles, Platón, Freud, María Zambrano…
Reseña: Garrido Domené, Fuensanta, Los teóricos menores de la Música Griega. Euclides el Geómetra, Nicómaco de Gerasa y Gaudencio el Filósofo
Authors: Durán Laura Carolina 
Published: December 2017

Reseña de GARRIDO DOMENÉ, FUENSANTA,Los teóricos menores de la Música Griega. Euclides el Geómetra, Nicómaco de Gerasa y Gaudencio el Filósofo, Barcelona, Cerix, 2016, 516 páginas.
Reformbevægelsen: Liberal salafiyya i Marokko
Authors: Ainouz Mounir 
Published: December 2017

Formålet med denne artikel er at diskutere det marokkanske hybridfænomen, liberal salafiyya, sådan som det kom til udtryk i perioden 1930-1960. Fænomenet blev begrebsliggjort af den marokkanske tænker Muhammad ’Ābed al-Jābirī og blev deref ter defineret og afgrænset som en ideologisk skole, der opstod i Marokko i 1930’erne og fortsatte efter Marokko opnåede uafhængighed fra Frankrig i 1956. Al-Jābirī argumenterede for, at den liberale salafiyya voksede ud af en sammensmeltning af vestlig liberalisme og traditionel marokkansk salafisme under det franske protektorat (1912-1956). I Marokko kom den liberale salafiyya til at stå langt stærkere end i resten af den arabiske verden. Det blev et nationalt projekt understøttet af reformister som Allāl al-Fāsī and Muhammad al-Wazzānī, men også af Sultan Muhammad V og det konservative religiøse etablissement. De unge reformister fremlagde en “Plan de Réformes”, som krævede, at marokkanerne skulle indgå i en moderniseringsproces, men det franske protektorat afviste deres krav. Denne beslutning tilskyndede al-Fāsī og al-Wazzānī til at definere deres eget politiske projekt med henblik på at erstatte det traditionelle politiske system med et konstitutionelt monarki. Men efter en mere end fireårtier lang, sej kamp for indførelsen af et parlamentarisk system og moderne politiske institutioner, indså al-Fāsī og al-Wazzānī, at Marokko i den postkoloniale periode ikke var klar til at implementere deres politiske tanker. This article explores the Moroccan concept of liberal salafiyya between the 1930s and 1960s. The concept was defined by the Moroccan thinker Muhammad ‘Ābed al-Jābirī, who expounded the concept of an ideological school that originated in the 1930s and continued after Morocco regained its independence from France in 1956. Al-Jābirī argued that liberal salafiyya in Morocco arose from the merging of Western liberalism and Islamic traditional Salafism during the French colonial period (1912-1956). However, the ideologies of liberalism and Salafism had a different approach and adaptation in Morocco than the rest of the Arabic-Islamic world. This distinguishes Moroccan liberal Salafiyya from other expressions of Salafism in the Arabic world because it accepted liberalism as compatible with the fundamental principles of Salafiyya. Liberal Salafiyya was not only embraced by the Moroccan reformists Allāl al-Fāsī and Muhammad al-Wazzānī, but also by the Moroccan Sultan Muhammad V and the religious conservative establishment. The young reformists presented a “Plan de Réformes”, where they demanded that the Moroccans should be part of the modernization process. The colonial power rejected their demands. This decision encouraged al-Fāsī and al-Wazzānī to define their own political projects in order to substitute the traditional political system with constitutional monarchy. After more than four decades of activism and struggle for incorporating a parliamentary system and modern political institutions, al-Fāsī and al-Wazzānī realised, that postcolonial Morocco was not ready to incorporate their political views.
Des relations entre les doctrines dominicaine et jésuite au XVIe siècle
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle 
Published: December 2017

Les controverses opposant les dominicains et les jésuites après le concile de Trente renvoient l’image d’une scission qui se serait produite à ce moment au sein de la seconde scolastique, à partir de laquelle deux traditions doctrinales se seraient constituées. Existe-t-il cependant une réelle césure interprétative entre les deux ordres ? Peut-on réellement trouver une différence de traitement des données ou de raisonnement permettant de distinguer deux traditions de pensée ? Ce sont les questions auxquelles cet article entend apporter des éléments de réponse en comparant la doctrine de deux illustres représentants de ces ordres, Domingo de Soto et Luis de Molina, sur les questions cruciales de la nature et de la fonction du droit et du pouvoir politique. Soto est le premier à proposer un exposé systématique du droit et de la loi, et Molina prolonge ses analyses en reprenant le même projet. Si leurs contemporains ne semblent pas distinguer leurs théorisations du droit, certaines différences définitionnelles préfigurent pourtant des divergences qui se creuseront chez leurs successeurs.
Nécessité, certitude et illumination selon saint Bonaventure
Authors: Valdivia Fuenzalida José Antonio 
Published: December 2017

Pendant le xiiie siècle, plusieurs auteurs scolastiques ont adopté des théories aristotéliciennes pour expliquer la connaissance humaine. Ces théories supposent que l’homme est capable d’acquérir la science en se servant de ses forces naturelles. Notre âme est capable de saisir l’essence des choses en obtenant une connaissance certaine à leur propos. Pourtant, un bon nombre de ces auteurs estimaient que, même en admettant les théories mentionnées, on ne saurait se passer de l’assistance de Dieu afin d’expliquer l’acquisition des connaissances scientifiques. Cet article s’interroge sur les raisons qui ont conduit lesdits auteurs à adopter une telle position. L’analyse de certains textes de saint Bonaventure permet de comprendre ce que la doctrine de l’illumination divine veut expliquer, à savoir : que nous pouvons obtenir de la certitude malgré le fait que les choses créées ne possèdent qu’une « nécessité conditionnelle ». En effet, même l’essence des choses créées n’aurait pas le degré minimum de nécessité qui est requis pour fonder la certitude absolue présupposée dans le concept médiéval de scientia.
Acquired melanocytic naevus phenotypes andMC1Rgenotypes in Han Chinese: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Lee Katie J. , Duffy David L. , Xu Dandan , Basude Madhur Eshwar Rao , Hu Ying , Zhang Hang , Jagirdar Kasturee , Soyer H. Peter , Dong Huiting , Sturm Richard A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEarly detection and treatment are the most important elements in reducing the incidence of melanoma deaths. Acquired melanocytic naevi (AMN) are well-known precursors of melanoma but most of our knowledge on the clinico-dermoscopic phenotypes of AMN is based on studies in European-background populations, particularly American and Australian populations. There has been little research in Chinese Han populations on clinico-dermoscopic variability of naevi or how naevi are affected by melanoma-linked variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene.MethodsClinical and dermoscopic features of 448 AMN in 115 patients from the Han ethnic group in mainland China were described. Germline polymorphisms inMC1Rwere determined for 98 of these patients.ResultsAMN were predominantly found on the head and neck. Dermoscopic patterns observed were nonspecific, reticular, globular, and parallel furrow, with most AMN having a nonspecific pattern. There were no associations betweenMC1Rpolymorphisms and clinical or dermoscopic features of AMN.DiscussionOur results provide evidence that AMN in the Han population in China have similar dermoscopic patterns to those in European populations, but are present in much lower numbers. As there were no associations between clinical or dermoscopic features of AMN andMC1Rpolymorphisms, further studies should focus on candidate gene associations with AMN features and the risk of melanoma, with larger sample sizes and comparisons to AMN in other populations.
Adaptive Local Iterative Filtering: A Promising Technique for the Analysis of Nonstationary Signals
Authors: Piersanti M. , Materassi M. , Cicone A. , Spogli L. , Zhou H. , Ezquer R. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany real‐life signals and, in particular, in the space physics domain, exhibit variations across different temporal scales. Hence, their statistical momenta may depend on the time scale at which the signal is studied. To identify and quantify such variations, a time‐frequency analysis has to be performed on these signals. The dependence of the statistical properties of a signal fluctuation on the space and time scales is the distinctive character of systems with nonlinear couplings among different modes. Hence, assessing how the statistics of signal fluctuations vary with scale will be of help in understanding the corresponding multiscale statistics of such dynamics. This paper presents a new multiscale data analysis technique, the adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF), which allows to describe the multiscale nature of the geophysical signal studied better than via Fourier transform, and improves scale resolution with respect to discrete wavelet transform. The example of geophysical signal, to which ALIF has been applied, is ionospheric radio power scintillation on L band. ALIF appears to be a promising technique to study the small‐scale structures of radio scintillation due to ionospheric turbulence.
Assessment of quantification accuracy and image quality of a full‐body dual‐layer spectral CT system
Authors: Ehn Sebastian , Sellerer Thorsten , Muenzel Daniela , Fingerle Alexander A. , Kopp Felix , Duda Manuela , Mei Kai , Renger Bernhard , Herzen Julia , Dangelmaier Julia , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Sauter Andreas , Riederer Isabelle , Renz Martin , Braren Rickmer , Rummeny Ernst J. , Pfeiffer Franz , Noël Peter B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe performance of a recently introduced spectral computed tomography system based on a dual‐layer detector has been investigated. A semi‐anthropomorphic abdomen phantom for CT performance evaluation was imaged on the dual‐layer spectral CT at different radiation exposure levels (CTDIvol of 10 mGy, 20 mGy and 30 mGy). The phantom was equipped with specific low‐contrast and tissue‐equivalent inserts including water‐, adipose‐, muscle‐, liver‐, bone‐like materials and a variation in iodine concentrations. Additionally, the phantom size was varied using different extension rings to simulate different patient sizes. Contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) ratio over the range of available virtual mono‐energetic images (VMI) and the quantitative accuracy of VMI Hounsfield Units (HU), effective‐Z maps and iodine concentrations have been evaluated. Central and peripheral locations in the field‐of‐view have been examined. For all evaluated imaging tasks the results are within the calculated theoretical range of the tissue‐equivalent inserts. Especially at low energies, the CNR in VMIs could be boosted by up to 330% with respect to conventional images using iDose/spectral reconstructions at level 0. The mean bias found in effective‐Z maps and iodine concentrations averaged over all exposure levels and phantom sizes was 1.9% (eff. Z) and 3.4% (iodine). Only small variations were observed with increasing phantom size (+3%) while the bias was nearly independent of the exposure level (±0.2%). Therefore, dual‐layer detector based CT offers high quantitative accuracy of spectral images over the complete field‐of‐view without any compromise in radiation dose or diagnostic image quality.
Inkjet Printed Wiring Boards with Vertical Interconnect Access on Flexible, Fully Compostable Cellulose Substrates
Authors: Samusjew Aleksandra , Lassnig Alice , Cordill Megan J. , Krawczyk Krzysztof K. , Griesser Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCellulose foil is a biodegradable and carbon neutral material that is a poor substrate for most conductive silver inks. Herein, it is reported that a simple solution of silver acetate in 1‐methylimidazole can be used to produce conductive patterns on a commercial packaging foil that is composed almost exclusively from cellulose. The reduction can be carried out thermally or by irradiation with UV light. In the latter case, the printed pattern may become conductive on both sides of the substrate and also exhibits conductivity across the cellulose foil, giving rise to fully printed vertical interconnect access. Control experiments confirm that the cellulose plays a crucial role in completing the reduction of the silver salt, obtaining conductive patterns.
Characterization of CYP154F1 from Thermobifida fusca YX and Extension of Its Substrate Spectrum by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Rühlmann Ansgar , Groth Georg , Urlacher Vlada B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious studies on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) from family 154 reported their substrate promiscuity and high activity. Hence, herein, the uncharacterized family member CYP154F1 is described. Screening of more than 100 organic compounds revealed that CYP154F1 preferably accepts small linear molecules with a carbon chain length of 8–10 atoms. In contrast to thoroughly characterized CYP154E1, CYP154F1 has a much narrower substrate spectrum and lower activity. A structural alignment of homology models of CYP154F1 and CYP154E1 revealed few differences in the active sites of both family members. By gradual mutagenesis of the CYP154F1 active site towards those of CYP154E1, a key residue accounting for the different activities of both enzymes was identified at position 234. Substitution of T234 for large hydrophobic amino acids led to up to tenfold higher conversion rates of small substrates, such as geraniol. Replacement of T234 by small hydrophobic amino acids, valine or alanine, resulted in mutants with extended substrate spectra. These mutants are able to convert some of the larger substrates of CYP154E1, such as (E)‐stilbene and (+)‐nootkatone.
From Carboxytelomerization of 1,3‐Butadiene to Linear α,ω‐C10‐Diester Combinatoric Approaches for an Efficient Synthetic Route
Authors: Vogelsang Dennis , Raumann Björn A. , Hares Kevin , Vorholt Andreas J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo novel reaction pathways were tested to synthesize the linear α,ω‐C10‐diester exclusively from three basic reagents: 1,3‐butadiene, carbon monoxide and methanol. Therefore, carboxytelomerization of 1,3‐butadiene and methanol was merged with methoxycarbonylation in two different ways to obtain highly linear C10‐diester. Through a palladium‐based and ‐assisted tandem catalytic system, 22 % yield of the desired C10‐diester was obtained without isolating the intermediates. Subsequently, the limitations of the novel assisted tandem catalytic concept were uncovered and based on that, a two‐step reaction regime was established. By optimization of the carboxytelomerization, the C9‐monoester as intermediate could be formed in nearly quantitative yields and excellent linearity. In a second reaction step, the isolated monoester was successfully converted by methoxycarbonylation into the desired linear C10‐diester in overall yields up to 84 %.