bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling repulsive Gibbs point processes using random graphs
Authors: Friedrich Tobias , Göbel Andreas , Katzmann Maximilian , Krejca Martin S. , Pappik Marcus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study computational aspects of repulsive Gibbs point processes, which are probabilistic models of interacting particles in a finite-volume region of space. We introduce an approach for reducing a Gibbs point process to the hard-core model, a well-studied discrete spin system. Given an instance of such a point process, our reduction generates a random graph drawn from a natural geometric model. We show that the partition function of a hard-core model on graphs generated by the geometric model concentrates around the partition function of the Gibbs point process. Our reduction allows us to use a broad range of algorithms developed for the hard-core model to sample from the Gibbs point process and approximate its partition function. This is, to the extent of our knowledge, the first approach that deals with pair potentials of unbounded range.
Proton Temperature Anisotropy Constraint Associated With Alpha Beam Instability in the Solar Wind
Authors: Xiang L. , Lee K. H. , Lee L. C. , Wu D. J. , Chen L. , Feng H. Q. , Li Q. H. , Zhao G. Q. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolar wind observations in the space of the proton temperature anisotropy versus parallel proton beta always show a distorted rhomboid‐like pattern, where the boundaries of this plot are associated with several instabilities. However, the specific mechanism on the constraint of the proton temperature anisotropy is unclear in the low‐beta plasma. In this work, we study the kinetic instabilities driven by proton temperature anisotropy and alpha beam with the Vlasov theory and investigate the nonlinear evolution of these instabilities with hybrid simulations. We also compare the theoretical and simulation results with Wind observations. The alpha beam with drift velocity leads to a new kind of Alfvén/ion‐cyclotron instability (A/IC instability) in the region of . In the region of and , the nonlinear wave‐particle interaction through the A/IC instability can decelerate alpha beams to and result in the anti‐correlation between and . In the region of and , the nonlinear wave‐particle interaction through the A/IC instability further leads to slight increase of . The present results provide a potential mechanism for regulating the proton temperature anisotropy in the low‐beta plasma with in the solar wind.
Tides in Complex Coastal Regions: Early Case Studies From Wide‐Swath SWOT Measurements
Authors: Hart‐Davis M. G. , Andersen O. B. , Ray R. D. , Zaron E. D. , Schwatke C. , Arildsen R. L. , Dettmering D. , Nielsen K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudying ocean tides with satellite altimetry has traditionally been difficult in coastal regions. The 1 day repeat of the Cal/Val phase of SWOT provides a unique dataset that can be exploited for tidal analysis. In this work, KaRIn data from the SWOT Cal/Val phase are analyzed in two coastal regions to present a first look at the possibilities for tidal analysis from SWOT. The areas are: (a) Bristol Channel and (b) Great South Bay. When benchmarked against in situ measurements in these regions, substantial improvements over tide models, which typically report errors exceeding tens of centimeters and degrees, are seen. Specifically, the SWOT ocean‐tide estimates exhibit amplitude discrepancies ranging from 1.75 to 3 cm and phase lag discrepancies between 1.75° and 2.75° when compared with in situ tide gauge data. These findings underscore the value of SWOT for tidal research in complex coastal regions.
Low Thermal Conductivity of Epidote and Its Cooling Effect on the Oceanic Crust
Authors: Han Kenan , Wang Duojun , Cao Chunjie , Zhang Ruixin , Cai Nao , Chen Peng , Shen Kewei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpidote is a potential water carrier in subducting oceanic crust, and it is involved in temperature records from blueschist and eclogite exhumed from subduction zones. Thermal conductivity (κ) and thermal diffusivity (D) of epidote were measured at 303–1,473 K and 0.5–3.0 GPa using the transient plane‐source method. κ and D values decreased with temperature before dehydration, but increase anomalously with temperature after dehydration, and finally decreased with crystallization of the decomposition products. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of epidote exhibited a positive pressure dependence. The obtained κ and D values of epidote were significantly smaller than those of nominally anhydrous minerals and other hydrous minerals. X‐ray computed tomography analysis revealed that the pores inside the recovered samples were partially connected. κ and D values were dominated by conductive heat transport before dehydration, while the anomalous increase in the thermal parameters after dehydration may have been caused by the fluid inside the connected pores. Using variable thermal conductivity obtained in this study, the thermal structures of warm subducting slabs associated with epidote‐blueschist and epidote‐eclogite facies were modeled. Our estimations revealed that the temperatures of warm slabs below the forearc with the epidote‐blueschist and epidote‐eclogite facies may be lower 7–10 and ∼40–50 K compared to those determined using a constant thermal conductivity value. This implies that the presence of epidote‐blueschist and epidote‐eclogite could reduce the temperature of the slab, which may alter the dehydration depth of the slab.
Drought Timing Differentiates the Drought Responses of Vegetation Growth on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Meng Zekai , Wu Xiuchen , Li Yang , Wang Xiaona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau, with its great hydrothermal gradients and diverse ecosystems, is considered vulnerable to climate change. Extreme drought can have detrimental effects on carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems by disrupting plant eco‐hydrological processes. Such effects are presumed to vary and depend on the vegetation types, environmental factors and drought properties. The drought timing has been widely highlighted in drought studies at both regional and site scales. However, the systematic insight into the impact of drought timing on the ecosystem functioning over the Tibetan Plateau remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the responses of vegetation greenness to meteorological drought and attributed them to the drought properties, climatic and edaphic factors. We found that the timing of drought plays a predominant role in regulating vegetation drought responses on the Tibetan Plateau. Notably, we observed significant differences in vegetation responses between late growing season drought and non‐late growing season drought. In addition to drought timing, soil moisture and long‐term hydrothermal conditions also played a significant role. Furthermore, our study revealed that alpine grassland was more sensitive to the drought timing, soil moisture and sand content than woody plants. We discovered a significant interplay between rainfall at hottest quarter and drought timing, with the role of drought timing weakening as the rainfall at hottest quarter increases. These findings underscore the crucial role of drought timing in shaping ecosystem functioning in response to the changing climate regime over the Tibetan Plateau and provide crucial insights into the improvement of land surface models.
White matter alterations associated with chronic cannabis use disorder: a structural network and fixel-based analysis
Authors: Maleki Suzan , Hendrikse Joshua , Richardson Karyn , Segrave Rebecca A. , Hughes Sam , Kayayan Edouard , Oldham Stuart , Syeda Warda , Coxon James P. , Caeyenberghs Karen , Domínguez D Juan F. , Solowij Nadia , Lubman Dan I. , Suo Chao , Yücel Murat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with adverse mental health effects, as well as social and cognitive impairment. Given prevalence rates of CUD are increasing, there is considerable efforts, and need, to identify prognostic markers which may aid in minimising any harm associated with this condition. Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed changes in white matter (WM) organization in people with CUD, though, the findings are mixed. In this study, we applied MRI-based analysis techniques that offer complimentary mechanistic insights, i.e., a connectome approach and fixel-based analysis (FBA) to investigate properties of individual WM fibre populations and their microstructure across the entire brain, providing a highly sensitive approach to detect subtle changes and overcome limitations of previous diffusion models. We compared 56 individuals with CUD (median age 25 years) to a sample of 38 healthy individuals (median age 31.5 years). Compared to controls, those with CUD had significantly increased structural connectivity strength (FDR corrected) across 9 edges between the right parietal cortex and several cortical and subcortical regions, including left orbitofrontal, left temporal pole, and left hippocampus and putamen. Utilizing FBA, WM density was significantly higher in those with CUD (FWE-corrected) across the splenium of the corpus callosum, and lower in the bilateral cingulum and right cerebellum. We observed significant correlation between cannabis use over the past month and connectivity strength of the frontoparietal edge, and between age of regular use and WM density of the bilateral cingulum and right cerebellum. Our findings enhance the understanding of WM architecture alterations associated with CUD.
cNEK6 induces gemcitabine resistance by promoting glycolysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via the SNRPA/PPA2c/mTORC1 axis
Authors: Li Ge , She Fei-Fei , Liao Cheng-Yu , Wang Zu-Wei , Wang Yi-Ting , Wu Yong-Din , Huang Xiao-Xiao , Xie Cheng-Ke , Lin Hong-Yi , Zhu Shun-Cang , Chen Yin-Hao , Wu Zhen-heng , Chen Jiang-Zhi , Chen Shi , Chen Yan-Ling 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) leads to ineffective chemotherapy and, consequently, delayed treatment, thereby contributing to poor prognosis. Glycolysis is an important intrinsic reason for gemcitabine resistance as it competitively inhibits gemcitabine activity by promoting deoxycytidine triphosphate accumulation in PDAC. However, biomarkers are lacking to determine which patients can benefit significantly from glycolysis inhibition under the treatment of gemcitabine activity, and a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote glycolysis in PDAC will contribute to the development of a strategy to sensitize gemcitabine chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to identify a biomarker that can robustly indicate the intrinsic resistance of PDAC to gemcitabine and guide chemotherapy sensitization strategies. After establishing gemcitabine-resistant cell lines in our laboratory and collecting pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissues from gemcitabine-treated patients, we observed that circRNA hsa_circ_0008383 (namely cNEK6) was highly expressed in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of patients and xenografts with gemcitabine-resistant PDAC. cNEK6 enhanced resistance to gemcitabine by promoting glycolysis in PDAC. Specifically, cNEK6 prevented K48 ubiquitination of small ribonucleoprotein peptide A from the BTRC, a ubiquitin E3 ligase; thus, the accumulated SNRPA stopped PP2Ac translation by binding to its G-quadruplexes in 5′ UTR of mRNA. mTORC1 pathway was aberrantly phosphorylated and activated owing to the absence of PP2Ac. The expression level of cNEK6 in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues correlated significantly and positively with the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and degree of glycolysis. Hence, the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine is limited in patients with high cNEK6 levels, and in combination with the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, can enhance sensitivity to gemcitabine chemotherapy.
Glycolysis-mTORC1 crosstalk drives proliferation of patient-derived endometrial cancer spheroid cells with ALDH activity
Authors: Ueda Haruka , Ishiguro Tatsuya , Mori Yutaro , Yamawaki Kaoru , Okamoto Koji , Enomoto Takayuki , Yoshihara Kosuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer stem cells are associated with aggressive phenotypes of malignant tumors. A prominent feature of uterine endometrial cancer is the activation of the PI3K–Akt–mTOR pathway. In this study, we present variations in sensitivities to a PI3K–Akt–mTORC1 inhibitor among in vitro endometrial cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid cells from clinical specimens. The in vitro sensitivity was consistent with the effects observed in in vivo spheroid-derived xenograft tumor models. Our findings revealed a complementary suppressive effect on endometrial cancer spheroid cell growth with the combined use of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and PI3K–Akt inhibitors. In the PI3K–Akt–mTORC1 signaling cascade, the influence of ALDH on mTORC1 was partially channeled through retinoic acid-induced lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) activation. LDHA inhibition was found to reduce endometrial cancer cell growth, aligning with the effects of mTORC1 inhibition. Building upon our previous findings highlighting ALDH-driven glycolysis through GLUT1 in uterine endometrial cancer spheroid cells, curbing mTORC1 enhanced glucose transport via GLUT1 activation. Notably, elevated LDHA expression correlated with adverse clinical survival and escalated tumor grade, especially in advanced stages. Collectively, our findings emphasize the pivotal role of ALDH–LDHA–mTORC1 cascade in the proliferation of endometrial cancer. Targeting the interaction between mTORC1 and ALDH-influenced glycolysis holds promise for developing novel strategies to combat this aggressive cancer.
Mussel-inspired thermo-switchable underwater adhesive based on a Janus hydrogel
Authors: Abe Hiroya , Yoshihara Daichi , Tottori Soichiro , Nishizawa Matsuhiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On-demand underwater adhesives with excellent adhesive and gentle detachment properties enable stable connections to various biomedical devices and biointerfaces and avoid the risk of harmful tissue damage upon detachment. Herein, we present a Janus hydrogel adhesive that can reversibly switch its adhesion strength, which is controlled by temperature, using a thermoresponsive polymer and mussel-inspired molecules. This thermoswitchable adhesive (TSA) hydrogel displays both strong adhesion and gentle detachment with an over 1000-fold gap in underwater adhesion strength onto glass, titanium, aluminum, and Teflon substrates when exposed to temperatures above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The adhesion switch is possibly caused by the change in toughness of the TSA hydrogels with temperature because the Janus hydrogel possesses gradient crosslinked structures. Moreover, the lowermost surface is sufficiently soft to gently detach from the substrate below the LCST. The electrode-integrated hydrogel remains on human skin, and electrical signals are continuous over 10 min above the LCST. In contrast, commercially available hydrogel electrodes quickly swell and detach from the skin. The thermoswitchability of the TSA hydrogel, with its robust adhesion and gentle detachment, offers significant potential for biomedical applications characterized by minimally invasive procedures.
Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in a cryogenic processed high-Cr ferrous alloy
Authors: Jovičević-Klug Patricia , Prabhakar J. Manoj , Giesbrecht Cristiano Kasdorf , Schwarz Tim M. , Bonnekoh Carsten , Rieth Michael , Rohwerder Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effect of hydrogen diffusion and trapping was studied in a high-Cr ferrous alloy using an inverted scanning Kelvin probe and thermal desorption spectroscopy in correlation with microstructure and residual stress study. In addition, different processing of ferritic/martensitic 9Cr1WTaV alloy (EUROFER97) was tested in correlation with observed selected properties to observe induced changes in material degradation and surface. The activation energies for hydrogen traps were shown to have distinct peaks corresponding to different trapping mechanisms, including matrix dislocations and grain boundaries. For the cryogenically treated sample, an additional peak was also identified and correlated with increased carbide precipitation.
An investigation of the direct and indirect effects of desire for independence and perceived level of achievement on singlehood status
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Kagialis Antonios , Lajunen Timo Juhani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the associations between the desire for independence, perceived level of achievement, and relationship status. Specifically, we conducted the study with a sample of 667 Greek-speaking participants (389 women, 275 men, and three participants who did not indicate their sex) who were either single or in an intimate relationship. We employed close-ended questionnaires that included instruments developed using AI. We found that men and women who desired more independence were more likely to be voluntarily single than in an intimate relationship. Additionally, a higher desire for independence was associated with more years being single, but this effect was significant only for men. Furthermore, we found that the perceived level of achievement was not significantly associated with relationship status directly; however, higher scores in this dimension were associated with fewer years spent as single for men. Moreover, a higher perceived level of achievement was associated with a decreased probability of being involuntarily single rather than in an intimate relationship and fewer years spent as single indirectly, by being associated with higher self-esteem, which was associated with higher flirting capacity. These paths were significant for both men and women. Our findings suggest that the desire for independence and perceived achievement play an important role in explaining why some people are single and others in an intimate relationship.
Targeted metabolomic profiling of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Markin Sergey S. , Ponomarenko E. A. , Romashova Yu. A , Pleshakova T. O. , Ivanov S. V. , Beregovykh V. V. , Konstantinov S. L. , Stryabkova G. I. , Chefranova Zh. Yu. , Lykov Y. A. , Karamova I. M. , Koledinskii A. G. , Shestakova K. M. , Markin P. A. , Moskaleva N. E. , Appolonova S. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMyocardial infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolomic investigations may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). STEMI patients were comprehensively examined via targeted metabolomic profiling, machine learning and weighted correlation network analysis. A total of 195 subjects, including 68 STEMI patients, 84 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 43 non-CVD patients, were enrolled in the study. Metabolomic profiling involving the quantitative analysis of 87 endogenous metabolites in plasma was conducted. This study is the first to perform targeted metabolomic profiling in patients with STEMI. We identified 36 significantly altered metabolites in STEMI patients. Increased levels of four amino acids, eight acylcarnitines, six metabolites of the NO–urea cycle and neurotransmitters, and three intermediates of tryptophan metabolism were detected. The following metabolites exhibited decreased levels: six amino acids, three acylcarnitines, three components of the NO–urea cycle and neurotransmitters, and three intermediates of tryptophan metabolism. We found that the significant changes in tryptophan metabolism observed in STEMI patients—the increase in anthranilic acid and tryptophol and decrease in xanthurenic acid and 3-OH-kynurenine—may play important roles in STEMI pathogenesis. On the basis of the differences in the constructed weighted correlation networks, new significant metabolite ratios were identified. Among the 22 significantly altered metabolite ratios identified, 13 were between STEMI patients and non-CVD patients, and 17 were between STEMI patients and SAP patients. Seven of these ratios were common to both comparisons (STEMI patients vs. non-CVD patients and STEMI patients vs. SAP patients). Additionally, two ratios were consistently observed among the STEMI, SAP and non-CVD groups (anthranilic acid: aspartic acid and GSG (glutamine: serine + glycine)). These findings provide new insight into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of STEMI.
Deletion of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β suppresses tumorigenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) mice with diabetes
Authors: Wada Tsutomu , Takeda Yuki , Okekawa Akira , Komatsu Go , Iwasa Yuichi , Onogi Yasuhiro , Takasaki Ichiro , Hamashima Takeru , Sasahara Masakiyo , Tsuneki Hiroshi , Sasaoka Toshiyasu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family contributes to the progression of steatohepatitis; however, changes in and the characteristics of isoform-specific expression remain unclear. Since diabetes is a major driver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), we characterized the mouse model of diabetic MASH (dMASH) by focusing on PDGF signaling. Pdgfa-d expression was markedly higher in hepatic stellate cells among flow-sorted cells in control mice and also increased in dMASH. In contrast, a reanalysis of human single-cell RNA-Seq data showed the distinct distribution of each PDGF isoform with disease progression. Furthermore, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver were less severe in diabetic MASH using tamoxifen-induced PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ)-deficient mice (KO) than in control dMASH using floxed mice (FL) at 12 weeks old. Despite the absence of tumors, the expression of tumor-related genes was lower in KO than in FL. Tumorigenesis was significantly lower in 20-week-old KO. An Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed miRNA between FL and KO identified functional networks associated with hepatotoxicity and cancer. Therefore, PDGFRβ signals play important roles in the progression of steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis in MASH, with the modulation of miRNA expression posited as a potential underlying mechanism.
Contemporary fires are less frequent but more severe in dry conifer forests of the southwestern United States
Authors: McClure Emma J. , Coop Jonathan D. , Guiterman Christopher H. , Margolis Ellis Q. , Parks Sean A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWildfires in the southwestern United States are increasingly frequent and severe, but whether these trends exceed historical norms remains contested. Here we combine dendroecological records, satellite-derived burn severity, and field measured tree mortality to compare historical (1700-1880) and contemporary (1985-2020) fire regimes at tree-ring fire-scar sites in Arizona and New Mexico. We found that contemporary fire frequency, including recent, record fire years, is still <20% of historical levels. Since 1985, the fire return interval averages 58.8 years, compared to 11.4 years before 1880. Fire severity, however, has increased. At sites where trees historically survived many fires over centuries, 42% of recent fires resulted in high tree mortality. Suppressed wildfires tended to burn more severely than prescribed burns and wildfires managed for resource benefit. These findings suggest that expanded use of low-severity prescribed and managed fire would help restore forest resilience and historical fire regimes in dry conifer forests.