bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLINDNESS RELATED TO PRESUMED RETINAL TOXICITY AFTER USING PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUID DURING VITREORETINAL SURGERY
Authors: Méndez-Martínez Silvia , Calvo Pilar , Rodriguez-Marco Nelson Arturo , Faus Fernando , Abecia Emilio , Pablo Luis 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To describe the presumed retinal toxicity after using specific batches of perfluorocarbon liquid ALA OCTA (Alamedics, Dornstadt, Germany) in pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
This is an observational retrospective consecutive case series analyses of patients operated on pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment or intraocular lens subluxation, using the 150141 or 200114 batches of perfluorocarbon liquid ALA OCTA as assistance during the surgery in a single center. Patients were included in this report if they manifested retinal toxicity signs throughout the follow-up, such as retinal and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, disk paleness, and intensive macular fibrosis. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and Ultra-Wide Field 200° retinal camera (Optos P200Tx; Optos, Scotland, United Kingdom) images, electrophysiological tests, and visual fields were performed to analyze the retinal structure and functionality.

Results:
Seven of 80 patients showed all the described signs of toxicity, after a mean follow-up of 34.29 days (range: 10–87) since surgery. Four patients needed a second pars plana vitrectomy because of tractional retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and two of them underwent a third surgery because of redetachment. All patients experienced amaurosis or central scotoma, with a final best-corrected visual acuity ranging from 20/200 to light perception.

Conclusion:
Presumed toxic batches of perfluorocarbon liquid may cause massive retinal toxicity. A rapid suspicion, a correct traceability of surgical products, and informing health authorities are fundamental to prevent further cases of toxicity.
Serologic Responses in Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Nonyane Bareng A. S. , Nicol Mark P. , Andreas Nicholas J. , Rimmele Stefanie , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Workman Lesley J. , Perkins Mark D. , Joos Thomas , Broger Tobias , Ellner Jerrold J. , Alland David , Kampmann Beate , Dorman Susan E. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoproteome and antigens associated with serologic responses in adults has renewed interest in developing a serologic test for childhood tuberculosis (TB). We investigated IgG antibody responses against M. tuberculosis antigens in children with well-characterized TB.

Methods:
We studied archived sera obtained from hospitalized children with suspected pulmonary TB, and classified as having confirmed TB (culture-confirmed), unlikely TB (clinical improvement without TB treatment), or unconfirmed TB (all others). A multiplexed bead-based assay for IgG antibodies against 119 M. tuberculosis antigens was developed, validated and used to test sera. The area under the curves (AUCs) of the empiric receiver–operator characteristic curves were generated as measures of predictive ability. A cross-validated generalized linear model was used to select the most predictive combinations of antigens.

Results:
For the confirmed TB versus unlikely TB comparison, the maximal single antigen AUC was 0.63, corresponding to sensitivity 0.60 and specificity 0.60. Older (age: 60+ months old) children’s responses were better predictive of TB status than younger (age: 12–59 months old) children’s, with a maximal single antigen AUC of −0.76. For the confirmed TB versus unlikely TB groups, the most predictive combinations of antigens assigned TB risk probabilities of 0.33 and 0.33, respectively, when all ages were considered, and 0.57 (interquartile range: 0.48–0.64) and 0.35 (interquartile range: 0.32–0.40) when only older children were considered.

Conclusion:
An antigen-based IgG test is unlikely to meet the performance characteristics required of a TB detection test applicable to all age groups.
Subjective Versus Objective Estimated Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Adherence to Physical Activity in African American Women
Authors: Robinson Nadia , Miller Arlene , Wilbur JoEllen , Fogg Louis 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for African American (AA) women in the United States. Despite high prevalence of CVD risk factors, AA women perceive their CVD risk as low.

Objective:
Our objectives were to (1) identify relationships between subjective (self-reported perceived) CVD risk and objective CVD risk estimated by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk estimator, (2) identify demographic and psychosocial factors associated with subjective perceived risk and discrepancy with objective estimated CVD risk, and (3) determine whether subjective perceived CVD risk was associated with physical activity (PA) adherence.

Methods:
This was a secondary data analysis of data collected from a 12-month lifestyle PA intervention conducted with 281 AA women. Subjective perceived CVD risk was measured by 1 question; objective estimated CVD risk was calculated using the ASCVD score. Women were categorized by congruence or discrepancy between subjective perceived and objective estimated CVD risk.

Results:
Subjective perceived CVD risk and objective ASCVD risk scores were both low. Approximately 20% subjectively perceived their risk as lower than objective ASCVD scores. Atherosclerotic CVD risk discrepancy groups differed by depressed mood symptoms. Participants reported many perceived barriers to PA. Perceived CVD risk was not related to PA adherence.

Conclusions:
The significance of associated CVD risk factors may be underestimated by AA women, leading to discrepancy between subjective and objective risk estimates. Research is needed to clarify relationships among perceived risk, estimated risk using risk calculators such as ASCVD, and health behavior.
Dietary guidelines in type 2 diabetes: the Nordic diet or the ketogenic diet?
Authors: Magnusdottir Ola K. , Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg , Birgisdóttir Bryndís E. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
To highlight recent developments in research regarding nutrition therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a focus on the different approaches of the Nordic diet and the ketogenic diet.

Recent findings
Recent short-term studies have revealed that similar beneficial outcomes are seen after different dietary treatments for T2DM, with different approaches resulting in comparable weight loss and impacts on metabolic factors.

Summary
More individualized approaches in nutrition therapy should be considered for T2DM patients and clinical guidelines should reflect this. More studies, especially long-term studies, are urgently needed on the impacts of the diets on different health parameters. Such studies should be prioritized because of the high and increasing prevalence of T2DM and because dietary changes may have greater benefits than previously thought. Furthermore, studies that focus on patient compliance to different types of diets, and personal and environmental factors that may affect compliance, are needed.
Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intention Among Female Sex Workers in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Marra Elske , van Dam Laura , Kroone Niki , Craanen Marianne , Zimet Gregory D. , Heijman Titia , Hogewoning Arjan A. , Sonder Gerard J.B. , de Vries Henry J.C. , Alberts Catharina J. , Paulussen Theo G.W.M. , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction
Female sex workers (FSWs) are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)–induced diseases but are currently not targeted by the HPV vaccination program in the Netherlands. We explored determinants of their intention to get vaccinated against HPV in case vaccination would be offered to them.

Methods
In 2016, FSWs 18 years and older having a sexually transmitted infection consultation with the Prostitution & Health Center (P&G292) in Amsterdam, either at the clinic or at their working location, were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing sociopsychological determinants of HPV vaccination intention (scale ranging from −3 to +3). Determinants of HPV vaccination intention were assessed with univariable and multivariable linear regression. In addition, we explored the effect of out-of-pocket payment on intention.

Results
Between May and September 2016, 294 FSWs participated. The median age was 29 years (interquartile range, 25–37 years). Human papillomavirus vaccination intention was high (mean, 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–2.2). In multivariable analysis, attitude (β = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5–0.7), descriptive norm (β = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.3), self-efficacy (β = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.3), beliefs (β = 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0–0.2), and subjective norm (β = 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0–0.2) seemed to be the strongest predictors of HPV vaccination intention (R
2 = 0.54). Human papillomavirus vaccination intention decreased significantly to a mean of 0.2 when vaccination would require out-of-pocket payment of €350.

Conclusions
The HPV vaccination intention among FSWs seems relatively high and is most strongly constituted in attitudinal, normative, and self-efficacy beliefs. Out-of-pocket payment will probably have a negative impact on their HPV vaccination acceptability.
A Simulation-Based Quality Improvement Initiative Improves Pediatric Readiness in Community Hospitals
Authors: Whitfill Travis , Gawel Marcie , Auerbach Marc 
Published: July 2017

Background
The National Pediatric Readiness Project Pediatric Readiness Survey (PRS) measured pediatric readiness in 4149 US emergency departments (EDs) and noted an average score of 69 on a 100-point scale. This readiness score consists of 6 domains: coordination of pediatric patient care (19/100), physician/nurse staffing and training (10/100), quality improvement activities (7/100), patient safety initiatives (14/100), policies and procedures (17/100), and availability of pediatric equipment (33/100). We aimed to assess and improve pediatric emergency readiness scores across Connecticut’s hospitals.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the National Pediatric Readiness Project readiness score before and after an in situ simulation–based assessment and quality improvement program in Connecticut hospitals.

Methods
We leveraged in situ simulations to measure the quality of resuscitative care provided by interprofessional teams to 3 simulated patients (infant septic shock, infant seizure, and child cardiac arrest) presenting to their ED resuscitation bay. Assessments of EDs were made based on a composite quality score that was measured as the sum of 4 distinct domains: (1) adherence to sepsis guidelines, (2) adherence to cardiac arrest guidelines, (3) performance on seizure resuscitation, and (4) teamwork. After the simulation, a detailed report with scores, comparisons to other EDs, and a gap analysis were provided to sites. Based on this report, a regional children’s hospital team worked collaboratively with each ED to develop action items and a timeline for improvements. The National Pediatric Readiness Project PRS scores, the primary outcome of this study, were measured before and after participation.

Results
Twelve community EDs in Connecticut participated in this project. The PRS scores were assessed before and after the intervention (simulation-based assessment and gap analysis/report-out). The average time between PRS assessments was 21 months. The PRS scores significantly improved 12.9% from the first assessment (mean ± SEM = 64 ± 4.4) to the second assessment (77 ± 4.0, P = 0.022). The PRS score domains also showed improvements in coordination of pediatric patient care (median improvement, 50%), quality improvement activities (median improvement, 79%), patient safety initiatives (mean improvement, 7%), policies and procedures (mean improvement, 17%), and availability of pediatric equipment (mean improvement, 7%).

Conclusions
Participation in a simulation-based quality improvement collaborative was associated with improvements in pediatric readiness.
Opioid Prescribing Practices in Pediatric Acute Care Settings
Authors: DePhillips Michelle , Watts Jennifer , Lowry Jennifer , Dowd M. Denise 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
Deaths due to prescription opioid overdoses are at record-high levels. Limiting the amount of opioid prescribed has been suggested as a prevention strategy. The purpose of this study was to describe the opioid prescribing practices in the emergency departments and urgent care sites of a Midwestern tertiary care children’s hospital system.

Methods
This retrospective medical record review examined the visits from the 2 pediatric emergency departments and 2 pediatric urgent care sites in the system from June 1, 2012, to May 31, 2013, during which an outpatient opioid prescription was written. The primary outcome was number of days of opioid prescribed. Other data collected included patient demographics, diagnosis, and prescriber information; factors associated with prescriptions written for more than 5 days were identified.

Results
A total of 4075 opioid prescriptions were included in the 1-year study period, and 3991 of these had complete data for analysis. The median amount prescribed was 3.3 days with an interquartile range of 2.5 days. Odds of receiving a prescription of more than 5 days’ duration were higher for children younger than 1 year (odds ratio [OR], 12.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3–21.0), 1 to 4 years of age (OR, 7.7; 95% CI, 5.5–10.8), and 5 to 9 years of age (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7–3.4); for children with noninjury diagnoses (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2–1.7); or if prescribed by a resident physician (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8) or from the urgent care (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7).

Conclusions
Opioid prescriptions of more than 5 days were more frequently prescribed for younger patients, noninjury diagnoses, or if prescribed by a resident physician or from the urgent care. We need to focus on medical student, resident, and provider education as well as further opioid research in order to decrease unnecessary prescribing.
Intracellular metabolic pathway distribution in diatoms and tools for genome-enabled experimental diatom research
Authors: Gruber Ansgar , Kroth Peter G. 
Published: July 2017

Diatoms are important primary producers in the oceans and can also dominate other aquatic habitats. One reason for the success of this phylogenetically relatively young group of unicellular organisms could be the impressive redundancy and diversity of metabolic isoenzymes in diatoms. This redundancy is a result of the evolutionary origin of diatom plastids by a eukaryote–eukaryote endosymbiosis, a process that implies temporary redundancy of functionally complete eukaryotic genomes. During the establishment of the plastids, this redundancy was partially reduced via gene losses, and was partially retained via gene transfer to the nucleus of the respective host cell. These gene transfers required re-assignment of intracellular targeting signals, a process that simultaneously altered the intracellular distribution of metabolic enzymes compared with the ancestral cells. Genome annotation, the correct assignment of the gene products and the prediction of putative function, strongly depends on the correct prediction of the intracellular targeting of a gene product. Here again diatoms are very peculiar, because the targeting systems for organelle import are partially different to those in land plants. In this review, we describe methods of predicting intracellular enzyme locations, highlight findings of metabolic peculiarities in diatoms and present genome-enabled approaches to study their metabolism.This article is part of the themed issue ‘The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms’.
A High HIV-1 Strain Variability in London, UK, Revealed by Full-Genome Analysis: Results from the ICONIC Project
Authors: Yebra Gonzalo , Frampton Dan , Cassarino Tiziano Gallo , Raffle Jade , Hubb Jonathan , Ferns R Bridget , Kozlakidis Zisis , Hayward Andrew , Kellam Paul , Pillay Deenan , Clark Duncan , Nastouli Eleni , Leigh Brown Andrew J. ,   on behalf of the ICONIC consortium
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & MethodsThe ICONIC project has developed an automated high-throughput pipeline to generate HIV nearly full-length genomes (NFLG, i.e. fromgagtonef) from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. The pipeline was applied to 420 HIV samples collected at University College London Hospital and Barts Health NHS Trust (London) and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Cambridge). Consensus genomes were generated and subtyped using COMET, and unique recombinants were studied with jpHMM and SimPlot. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed using RAxML to identify transmission networks using the Cluster Picker.ResultsThe pipeline generated sequences of at least 1Kb of length (median=7.4Kb) for 375 out of the 420 samples (89%), with 174 (46.4%) being NFLG. A total of 365 sequences (169 of them NFLG) corresponded to unique subjects and were included in the down-stream analyses. The most frequent HIV subtypes were B (n=149, 40.8%) and C (n=77, 21.1%) and the circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG (n=32, 8.8%). We found 14 different CRFs (n=66, 18.1%) and multiple URFs (n=32, 8.8%) that involved recombination between 12 different subtypes/CRFs. The most frequent URFs were B/CRF01_AE (4 cases) and A1/D, B/C, and B/CRF02_AG (3 cases each). Most URFs (19/26, 73%) lacked breakpoints in the PR+RTpolregion, rendering them undetectable if only that was sequenced. Twelve (37.5%) of the URFs could have emerged within the UK, whereas the rest were probably imported from sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and South America. For 2 URFs we found highly similarpolsequences circulating in the UK. We detected 31 phylogenetic clusters using the full dataset: 25 pairs (mostly subtypes B and C), 4 triplets and 2 quadruplets. Some of these were not consistent across different genes due to inter- and intra-subtype recombination. Clusters involved 70 sequences, 19.2% of the dataset.ConclusionsThe initial analysis of genome sequences detected substantial hidden variability in the London HIV epidemic. Analysing full genome sequences, as opposed to only PR+RT, identified previously undetected recombinants. It provided a more reliable description of CRFs (that would be otherwise misclassified) and transmission clusters.
Collective membrane dynamics emerging from curvature-dependent spatial coupling
Authors: Wu Zhanghan , Su Maohan , Tong Cheesan , Wu Min , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMembrane curvature has been recognized as an active participant of fundamental biological processes including vesicular transport and organelle biogenesis, but its effects on membrane remodeling are typically local. Here we show membrane curvature plays a critical role in propagating cortical waves and modulating mesoscale dynamics in living cells. We employ a membrane shape-dependent mechanochemical feedback model to account for the observed oscillatory travelling waves of Cdc42, F-BAR proteins and actin. We demonstrate that oscillatory membrane shape changes accompany and are required for such spatiotemporal patterns. In addition, modulating the curvature preference of the F-BAR proteins or membrane tension perturbs wave propagation. Our findings identify a distinct role of membrane curvature in mediating collective dynamics of cortical proteins and provide a molecular framework for integrating membrane mechanics and biochemical signaling in the context of subcellular pattern formation.
Meta-analysis of exome array data identifies six novel genetic loci for lung function
Authors: Jackson Victoria E , Latourelle Jeanne C , Wain Louise V , Smith Albert V. , Grove Megan L. , Bartz Traci M , Obeidat Maen , Province Michael A , Gao Wei , Qaiser Beenish , Porteous David J , Cassano Patricia A , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Grarup Niels , Li Jin , Altmaier Elisabeth , Marten Jonathan , Harris Sarah E , Manichaikul Ani , Pottinger Tess D , Li-Gao Ruifang , Lind-Thomsen Allan , Mahajan Anubha , Lahousse Lies , Imboden Medea , Teumer Alexander , Prins Bram , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Franceschini Nora , Sitlani Colleen M , Brody Jennifer A , Bossé Yohan , Timens Wim , Kraja Aldi , Loukola Anu , Tang Wenbo , Liu Yongmei , Bork-Jensen Jette , Justesen Johanne M. , Linneberg Allan , Lange Leslie A. , Rawal Rajesh , Karrasch Stefan , Huffman Jennifer E , Smith Blair H , Davies Gail , Burkart Kristin M , Mychaleckyj Josyf C , Bonten Tobias N. , Enroth Stefan , Lind Lars , Brusselle Guy G , Kumar Ashish , Stubbe Beate , Kähönen Mika , Wyss Annah B. , Psaty Bruce M , Heckbert Susan R , Hao Ke , Rantanen Taina , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Lohman Kurt , Skaaby Tea , Pisinger Charlotta , Hansen Torben , Schulz Holger , Polasek Ozren , Campbell Archie , Starr John M , Rich Stephen S , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Johansson Åsa , Ingelsson Erik , Uitterlinden André G , Weiss Stefan , Raitakari Olli T. , Gudnason Vilmundur , North Kari E. , Gharib Sina A , Sin Don D , Taylor Kent D , O’Connor George T , Kaprio Jaakko , Harris Tamara B , Pedersen Oluf , Vestergaard Henrik , Wilson James G. , Strauch Konstantin , Hayward Caroline , Kerr Shona , Deary Ian J , Barr R Graham , de Mutsert Renée , Gyllensten Ulf , Morris Andrew P , Ikram M. Arfan , Probst-Hensch Nicole M , Gläser Sven , Zeggini Eleftheria , Lehtimäki Terho , Strachan David P , Dupuis Josee , Morrison Alanna C. , Hall Ian P , Tobin Martin D , London Stephanie J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOver 90 regions of the genome have been associated with lung function to date, many of which have also been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We carried out meta-analyses of exome array data and three lung function measures: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC). These analyses by the SpiroMeta and CHARGE consortia included 60,749 individuals of European ancestry from 23 studies, and 7,721 individuals of African Ancestry from 5 studies in the discovery stage, with follow-up in up to 111,556 independent individuals. We identified significant (P<2·8x10-7) associations with six SNPs: a nonsynonymous variant inRPAP1, which is predicted to be damaging, three intronic SNPs (SEC24C, CASC17andUQCC1) and two intergenic SNPs near toLY86andFGF10. eQTL analyses found evidence for regulation of gene expression at three signals and implicated several genes includingTYRO3andPLAU. Further interrogation of these loci could provide greater understanding of the determinants of lung function and pulmonary disease.
Exact graph-based analysis of scientific articles on clinical trials
Authors: Levin Ilya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article describes Amorpha, a software package based on new concept of exact graph-based linguistic analysis. Analytical capabilities of Amorpha are demonstrated using analysis of scientific abstracts on clinical trials from PubMed. Current trends in therapy of breast cancer and psoriatic arthritis were analyzed using 400 abstracts on breast cancer and 131 abstracts on psoriatic arthritis. The spectrum of diseases that currently treated with paclitaxel was extracted from 400 most recent abstracts on paclitaxel.In addition to text representation, analytical results are presented as graph images showing essential concepts of a text. Amorpha is not designed specifically to analyze clinical trials and will be also useful for analysis of biological scientific articles and regulatory documents. Amorpha does not require any preliminary knowledge base, ensures full coverage of target text and 100% accuracy of obtained results.