bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tandem Approach towards Diastereoselective Synthesis of Quinoline C‐3 Tethered γ‐Lactones
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Chaudhary Sandeep , Mathur Manas , Swami Ajit K. , Malakar Chandi C. , Singh Virender 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA convenient approach has been developed for the facile synthesis of novel quinoline and α‐methylene γ‐butyrolactones based molecular hybrids. The tandem synthesis of quinoline C‐3 tethered lactone derivatives was achieved via indium‐mediated Barbier Type allylation followed by in situ intramolecular lactonisation approach.
Innovation in firms and labour market outcomes
Authors: Richiardi Pelin Sekerler , Postolachi Ira 
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores how innovation in firms (described as product, process, marketing and organizational innovation) is associated with firm performance and labour market outcomes. For this purpose, it first discusses the evidence to date at the aggregate (i.e. country) level – for as broad a set of economies as possible. Then, it focuses on the firm level based on a group of economies for which data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS) and MENA Enterprise Surveys (MENA ES) – surveys of transition and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies, respectively – are available.The chapter finds that there are considerable differences between innovative and non‐innovative firms: innovative firms tend to be more productive, create more jobs, employ more skilled workers (meaning that they employ more educated workers and offer more training) and hire more female workers. Yet, in some cases innovation is associated with more intense use of temporary workers (especially in firms that implement product and process innovations). Moreover, it has been found that sectoral differences might play a role. In this regard, considerable job contraction is observed in non‐innovative low‐technology firms in the manufacturing sector, highlighting the high risk of job loss among low‐skilled workers. Regarding sources of innovation, the chapter shows that while R&D engagement is an important determinant of successful innovation, other drivers, including training, public funding and external acquisition of technologies are relevant.On the basis of these findings, the chapter suggests that adequate education, training and social protection policies can play an important role in both fostering innovation and preparing workers (and firms) effectively for the changing job environment. This means that social partners and other stakeholders will be required to participate in reflections on the types of jobs and skills that will be relevant in the future.
Language Use in Joint Action: The Means of Referring Expressions
Authors: Kobayashi Harumi , Yasuda Tetsuya , Igarashi Hiroshi , Suzuki Satoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study examined how human–human collaboration can be achieved through an exchange of verbal information in exchanging information about the referents in a joint action. Knowing other people’s referential intention is fundamental for joint action. Joint action can be achieved verbally by two types of referring expressions, namely, symbolic and deictic referring expressions. Using corpus data, we extracted nouns as typical symbolic references and demonstratives as typical deictic references. We examined whether the word usage of these terms changed when the robot vehicles controlled by the participants repeatedly performed the same collaborative task. We used a novel virtual space for the task because we wanted to control the common ground shared by the participants. The results of the performance indicate that the task completion became more efficient as the participants repeated the task. The referential word use was reduced in both symbolic and deictic references, and this reduction occurred with a grounding process among the collaborators. The study showed that reduction of referential expressions occurs with the grounding process in human–human collaboration and suggests that appropriate collaborative robot systems must deal with the reduction process of referencing in humans.
Ambicor 2-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: Who and How?
Authors: Abdelsayed George A. , Levine Laurence A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Currently the Ambicor is the only 2-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) available in the United States. By eliminating the separate reservoir, this provides certain advantages for patient and surgeon. Nevertheless, it composes a small percentage of all IPPs implanted in the United States.

Aim
To detail the surgical technique for implantation, describe the ideal patient candidates best suited for the Ambicor, and discuss the most common and some rare complications with a review of the available published literature in combination with our clinical experience.

Methods
A PubMed literature search was performed to obtain all peer-reviewed articles published in English specifically on the Ambicor 2-piece IPP. We also reviewed our clinical experience with the Ambicor during the past 2 decades.

Results
The published data remain limited, because few articles on the Ambicor have been published in the past 10 years. Overall complication rates were 2.1% to 9.5%. Patient satisfaction rates were 75% to 96.4%, with similar partner satisfaction rates. Relative contraindications for implantation include patients with significant penile deformities, long narrow phalluses, or short phalluses.

Strengths and Limitations
Despite the limited available published data with short follow-up periods, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the technical aspects and relevant perioperative counseling recommended for Ambicor implantation.

Conclusion
The prosthetic urologist should offer the Ambicor 2-piece IPP to patients with erectile dysfunction whose non-surgical treatment has failed. Certain implanters might want to avoid the blind retropubic reservoir placement that occurs with 3-piece IPPs and might not be comfortable with an ectopic approach and therefore prefer using a 2-piece device. We believe the ideal Ambicor candidate is a patient with a current or future pelvic organ transplant, decreased manual dexterity, in need of complete phallic reconstruction, or with known extensive prior abdominopelvic surgery.
Frequency of Polycythemia and Other Abnormalities in a Tibetan Herdsmen Population Residing in the Kham Area of Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Jian-bo , Wang Lin , Chen Jie , Wang Zhi-ying , Cao Mei , Yie Shang-mian , Yang Hua , Yao Xiao-qin , Zeng Yi , Yang Yong-chang , Xie Chun-bao , Zhao Tai-qiang 
Published: January 2018

Introduction The Kham Tibetans are one of several Tibetan ethnic subgroups living in the Kham area of China. Because studies on the high-altitude adaptation of the Kham people are scant, the main aim of this study is to investigate whether the response to hypoxia, especially polycythemia status, in the Kham Tibetans is different from other Tibetan ethnic subgroups. Methods The primary investigation was conducted on 346 native Kham Tibetan adults (268 men and 78 women) from 3 herdsmen villages located in Hongyuan County situated at an altitude of greater than 3600 m. The participants were aged 46.2±14.1 (21–82; mean±SD with range) years. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index, and blood pressure, as well as laboratory blood tests such as glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid were analyzed. Results The concentrations of hemoglobin were 171.3±12.9 (66–229) mg·L-1 and 151.4±16.4 (86–190) mg·L-1 in men and women, respectively. The frequency of polycythemia was found to be 25.5 and 21.8% in men and women, respectively. Polycythemia was found to be significantly associated with glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations, hypertension, and hyperuricemia ( P=0.002, 0.023, and 0.009, respectively). Conclusions There is a higher frequency of polycythemia in the Kham Tibetans when compared with reported studies from other Tibetan ethnic subgroups living on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
Tony Bartelme Receives 2017 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism–Features
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2018

Tony Bartelme received the 2017 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism–Features at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 13 December 2017 in New Orleans, La. The award recognizes “a journalist for a feature story or series in any medium except books that makes information about the Earth and space sciences accessible and interesting to the general public.”
Optical magnetism in planar metamaterial heterostructures
Authors: Papadakis Georgia T. , Fleischman Dagny , Davoyan Artur , Yeh Pochi , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHarnessing artificial optical magnetism has previously required complex two- and three-dimensional structures, such as nanoparticle arrays and split-ring metamaterials. By contrast, planar structures, and in particular dielectric/metal multilayer metamaterials, have been generally considered non-magnetic. Although the hyperbolic and plasmonic properties of these systems have been extensively investigated, their assumed non-magnetic response limits their performance to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. We propose and experimentally validate a mechanism for artificial magnetism in planar multilayer metamaterials. We also demonstrate that the magnetic properties of high-index dielectric/metal hyperbolic metamaterials can be anisotropic, leading to magnetic hyperbolic dispersion in certain frequency regimes. We show that such systems can support transverse electric polarized interface-bound waves, analogous to their TM counterparts, surface plasmon polaritons. Our results open a route for tailoring optical artificial magnetism in lithography-free layered systems and enable us to generalize the plasmonic and hyperbolic properties to encompass both linear polarizations.
Decline of the
banlieue rouge
: François Maspero’s
Les Passagers du Roissy-Express
Authors: Hui Bon Hoa Jen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

France’s de-industrialization in the mid-1970s was catastrophic for the proletarian communities of the Parisian
banlieue
. By the 1980s, the effects of prolonged unemployment were apparent, with high rates of voter abstention and growing support for the Front national. In the summer of 1989, writer François Maspero and photographer Anaïk Frantz spend a month wandering through former Communist bastions — the
banlieue rouge
— to take stock of this political shift. While the chronicle of their journey,
Les Passagers du Roissy-Express
(1990), has attracted much scholarly interest, its reflections on the legacy and decline of municipal Communism have gone largely undiscussed. As I show, however,
Les Passagers
presents the social problems of the
banlieue
primarily in terms of a collapse of political horizons. Having long been involved in anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist activism, Maspero intimately experiences the implosion of the radical left during the Mitterrand years.
Les Passagers
documents his attempt to work through it. Written against the backdrop of the brutal suppression of pro-democracy protests in China and the first signs of the coming dissolution of the Soviet Union,
Les Passagers
demonstrates a rare sensitivity to the complex, shifting relationships between state and municipal Communism, and between local party politics and an ethical culture of solidarity. This article examines the contribution that
Les Passagers
makes to a more nuanced understanding of the history of the French left.
On-Demand Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Printing of Custom Cranioplastic Prostheses
Authors: Evins Alexander I , Dutton John , Imam Sayem S , Dadi Amal O , Xu Tao , Cheng Du , Stieg Philip E , Bernardo Antonio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Currently, implantation of patient-specific cranial prostheses requires reoperation after a period for design and formulation by a third-party manufacturer. Recently, 3-dimensional (3D) printing via fused deposition modeling has demonstrated increased ease of use, rapid production time, and significantly reduced costs, enabling expanded potential for surgical application. Three-dimensional printing may allow neurosurgeons to remove bone, perform a rapid intraoperative scan of the opening, and 3D print custom cranioplastic prostheses during the remainder of the procedure.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility of using a commercially available 3D printer to develop and produce on-demand intraoperative patient-specific cranioplastic prostheses in real time and assess the associated costs, fabrication time, and technical difficulty.

METHODS
Five different craniectomies were each fashioned on 3 cadaveric specimens (6 sides) to sample regions with varying topography, size, thickness, curvature, and complexity. Computed tomography-based cranioplastic implants were designed, formulated, and implanted. Accuracy of development and fabrication, as well as implantation ability and fit, integration with exiting fixation devices, and incorporation of integrated seamless fixation plates were qualitatively evaluated.

RESULTS
All cranioprostheses were successfully designed and printed. Average time for design, from importation of scan data to initiation of printing, was 14.6 min and average print time for all cranioprostheses was 108.6 min.

CONCLUSION
On-demand 3D printing of cranial prostheses is a simple, feasible, inexpensive, and rapid solution that may help improve cosmetic outcomes; significantly reduce production time and cost—expanding availability; eliminate the need for reoperation in select cases, reducing morbidity; and has the potential to decrease perioperative complications including infection and resorption.
RCW 36 in the Vela Molecular Ridge: Evidence for high-mass star-cluster formation triggered by cloud–cloud collision
Authors: Sano Hidetoshi , Enokiya Rei , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Saeki Shun , Okawa Kazuki , Tsuge Kisetsu , Tsutsumi Daichi , Kohno Mikito , Hattori Yusuke , Yoshiike Satoshi , Fujita Shinji , Nishimura Atsushi , Ohama Akio , Tachihara Kengo , Torii Kazufumi , Hasegawa Yutaka , Kimura Kimihiro , Ogawa Hideo , Wong Graeme F , Braiding Catherine , Rowell Gavin , Burton Michael G , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A collision between two molecular clouds is one possible candidate for high-mass star formation. The H ii region RCW 36, located in the Vela molecular ridge, contains a young star cluster (∼ 1 Myr old) and two O-type stars. We present new CO observations of RCW 36 made with NANTEN2, Mopra, and ASTE using 12CO(J = 1–0, 2–1, 3–2) and 13CO(J = 2–1) emission lines. We have discovered two molecular clouds lying at the velocities VLSR ∼  5.5 and 9 km s−1. Both clouds are likely to be physically associated with the star cluster, as verified by the good spatial correspondence among the two clouds, infrared filaments, and the star cluster. We also found a high intensity ratio of ∼ 0.6–1.2 for CO J = 3–2/1–0 toward both clouds, indicating that the gas temperature has been increased due to heating by the O-type stars. We propose that the O-type stars in RCW 36 were formed by a collision between the two clouds, with a relative velocity separation of 5 km s−1. The complementary spatial distributions and the velocity separation of the two clouds are in good agreement with observational signatures expected for O-type star formation triggered by a cloud–cloud collision. We also found a displacement between the complementary spatial distributions of the two clouds, which we estimate to be 0.3 pc assuming the collision angle to be 45° relative to the line-of-sight. We estimate the collision timescale to be ∼ 105 yr. It is probable that the cluster age found by Ellerbroek et al. (2013b, A&A, 558, A102) is dominated by the low-mass members which were not formed under the triggering by cloud–cloud collision, and that the O-type stars in the center of the cluster are explained by the collisional triggering independently from the low-mass star formation.
Basal mitophagy is widespread inDrosophilabut minimally affected by loss of Pink1 or parkin
Authors: Lee Juliette J. , Sanchez-Martinez Alvaro , Martinez Zarate Aitor , Benincá Cristiane , Mayor Ugo , Clague Michael J. , Whitworth Alexander J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractParkinson’s disease factors, PINK1 and parkin, are strongly implicated in stress-induced mitophagy in vitro, but little is known about their impact on basal mitophagyin vivo. We generated transgenicDrosophilaexpressing fluorescent mitophagy reporters to evaluate the impact ofPink1/parkinmutations on basal mitophagy under physiological conditions. We find that mitophagy is readily detectable and abundant in many tissues including Parkinson’s disease relevant dopaminergic neurons. However, we did not detect mitolysosomes in flight muscle. Surprisingly, inPink1orparkinnull flies we did not observe any substantial impact on basal mitophagy. As these flies exhibit locomotor defects and dopaminergic neuron loss, our findings raise questions about current assumptions of the pathogenic mechanism associated with the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Our findings provide evidence that Pink1 and parkin are not essential for bulk basal mitophagy inDrosophila. They also emphasize that mechanisms underpinning basal mitophagy remain largely obscure.SummaryPINK1/parkin are key mediators of stress-induced mitophagyin vitrobut their impact on basal mitophagyin vivois unclear. NovelDrosophilareporters lines reveal abundant mitophagy in many tissues including dopaminergic neurons but is unaffected by loss of PINK1/parkin.
Childhood urbanization affects prefrontal cortical responses to trait anxiety and interacts with polygenic risk for depression
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Yan Hao , Yu Hao , Zhao Xin , Shah Shefali , Dong Zheng , Yang Guang , Zhang Xiaoxi , Muse Timothy , Li Jing , Jiang Sisi , Liao Jinmin , Zhang Yuyanan , Chen Qiang , Weinberger Daniel R , Yue Weihua , Zhang Dai , Tan Hao Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlobal increases in urbanization have brought dramatic economic, environmental and social changes. However, less is understood about how these may influence disease-related brain mechanisms underlying epidemiological observations that urban birth and childhoods may increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, including increased social stress and depression. In a genetically homogeneous Han Chinese adult population with divergent urban and rural birth and childhoods, we examined the structural and functional MRI neural correlates of childhood urbanicity, focusing on behavioral traits responding to social status threats, and polygenic risk for depression. Subjects with divergent rural and urban childhoods were similar in adult socioeconomic status and were genetically homogeneous. Urban childhoods, however, were associated with higher trait anxiety-depression. On structural MRI, urban childhoods were associated with relatively reduced medial prefrontal gray matter volumes. Functional medial prefrontal engagement under social status threat during working memory correlated with trait anxiety-depression in subjects with urban childhoods, to a significantly greater extent than in their rural counterparts, implicating an exaggerated physiological response to the threat context. Stress-associated medial prefrontal engagement also interacted with polygenic risk for depression, significantly predicting a differential response in individuals with urban but not rural childhoods. Developmental urbanicity thus differentially influenced medial prefrontal structure and function, at least in part through mechanisms associated with the neural processing of social status threat, trait anxiety, and genetic risk for depression, which may be factors in the association of urbanicity with adult psychopathology.Significance StatementUrban living has been associated with social inequalities and stress. However, less is understood about the neural underpinnings by which these stressors affect disease risk, and in particular, genetic risk for depression. Leveraging urbanization in China, we studied adults with diverse urban and rural upbringings, who were genetically homogeneous and with similar current socioeconomic status, to isolate the effects of childhood urbanicity. At medial prefrontal cortex, a region critical for processing emotional stressors and social status, genetic risk for depression resulted in more deleterious function under stress in individuals with urban, but not rural childhoods. This implicates medial prefrontal cortex’s critical role in brain development, integrating genetic mechanisms of stress and depression with the childhood environment.
Circulating small non-coding RNAs associated with age, sex, smoking, body mass and physical activity
Authors: Rounge Trine B , Umu Sinan U , Keller Andreas , Meese Eckart , Ursin Giske , Tretli Steinar , Lyle Robert , Langseth Hilde 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNon-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are regulators of cell functions and circulating ncRNAs from the majority of RNA classes, such as miRNA, tRNA, piRNAs, lncRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and miscRNAs, are potential non-invasive biomarkers. Understanding how non-disease traits influence ncRNA expression is essential for assessing their biomarker potential.We studied associations of common traits (sex, age, smoking, body mass, physical activity, and technical factors such as sample storage and processing) with serum ncRNAs. We used RNAseq data from 526 donors from the Janus Serum Bank and traits from health examination surveys. We identified associations between all RNA classes and traits. Ageing showed the strongest association with ncRNA expression, both in terms of statistical significance and number of RNAs, regardless of RNA class. Serum processing modifications and storage times significantly altered expression levels of a number of ncRNAs. Interestingly, smoking cessation generally restored RNA expression to non-smoking levels, although for some isomiRs, mRNA fragments and tRNAs smoking-related expression levels persisted.Our results show that common traits influence circulating ncRNA expression. Therefore it is clear that ncRNA biomarker analyses should be adjusted for age and sex. In addition, for specific ncRNAs identified in our study, analyses should also be adjusted for body mass, smoking, physical activity and serum processing and storage.