bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and FPGA implementation of an efficient security mechanism for mobile pay‐TV systems
Authors: Arshad Hamed , Nikooghadam Morteza , Avezverdi Sara , Nazari Mahboubeh 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA mobile pay‐TV service is one of the ongoing services of multimedia systems. Designing an efficient mechanism for authentication and key distribution is an important security requirement in mobile pay‐TV systems. Until now, many security protocols have been proposed for mobile pay‐TV systems. However, the existing protocols for mobile pay‐TV systems are vulnerable to various security attacks. Recently, Wang and Qin proposed an authentication scheme for mobile pay‐TV systems using bilinear pairing on elliptic curve cryptography. They claimed that their scheme could withstand various attacks. In this paper, we demonstrate that Wang and Qin's scheme is vulnerable to replay attacks and impersonation attacks. Furthermore, we propose a novel security protocol for mobile pay‐TV systems using the elliptic curve cryptosystem to overcome the weaknesses of Wang and Qin's scheme. In order to improve the efficiency, the proposed scheme is designed in such a way that needs fewer scalar multiplication operations and does not use bilinear pairing, which is an expensive cryptographic operation. Detailed analyses, including verification using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool and implementation on FPGA, demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only withstands active and passive attacks and provides user anonymity but also has a better performance than Wang and Qin's scheme.
An Internet‐based platform for the estimation of outcrossing potential between cultivated and Chilean vascular plants
Authors: Cid Pablo , Aguirre Carlos , Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Zamorano Daniel , Mihoc Maritza , Salazar Erika , Chacón Gustavo , Navarrete Humberto , Rosas Marcelo , Prieto Humberto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA national‐scale study of outcrossing potential within Chilean vascular flora was conducted using an upgraded algorithm, which adds parameters such as pollinator agents, climate, and geographic conditions. Datasets were organized and linked in a Web platform (www.flujogenico.cl), in which the development of a total outcrossing potential (TOP) predictor was formulated. The TOP predictor is the engine in the Web platform, which models the effect of a type of agricultural practice on others (coexistence calculation mode) and on the environment (biodiversity calculation mode). The scale for TOP results uses quintiles in order to define outcrossing potential between species as “very low,” “low,” “medium,” “high,” or “very high.” In a coexistence analysis considering 256 species (207 genera), the 10 highest TOP values were for genera Citrus, Prunus, Trifolium, Brassica, Allium, Eucalyptus, Cucurbita, Solanum, Lollium, and Lotus. The highest TOP for species in this analysis fell at “high” potential, 4.9% of the determined values. In biodiversity mode, seven out of 256 cultivated species (2.7%) were native, and 249 (97.3%) corresponded to introduced species. The highest TOP was obtained in the genera Senecio, Calceolaria, Viola, Solanum, Poa, Alstroemeria, Valeriana, Vicia, Atriplex, and Campanula, showing “high” potential in 4.9% of the values. On the other hand, 137 genetically modified species, including the commercial and pre‐commercial developments, were included and represented 100 genera. Among these, 22 genera had relatives (i.e., members of the same genus) in the native/introduced group. The genera with the highest number of native/introduced relatives ranged from one (Ipomea, Limonium, Carica, Potentilla, Lotus, Castanea, and Daucus) to 66 species (Solanum). The highest TOP was obtained when the same species were coincident in both groups, such as for Carica chilensis, Prosopis tamarugo, and Solanum tuberosum. Results are discussed from the perspective of assessing the possible impact of cultivated species on Chilean flora biodiversity. The TOP predictor (http://epc.agroinformatica.cl/) is useful in the context of environmental risk assessment.
Stable isotope analyses—A method to distinguish intensively farmed from wild frogs
Authors: Dittrich Carolin , Struck Ulrich , Rödel Mark‐Oliver 
Published: March 2017

AbstractConsumption of frog legs is increasing worldwide, with potentially dramatic effects for ecosystems. More and more functioning frog farms are reported to exist. However, due to the lack of reliable methods to distinguish farmed from wild‐caught individuals, the origin of frogs in the international trade is often uncertain. Here, we present a new methodological approach to this problem. We investigated the isotopic composition of legally traded frog legs from suppliers in Vietnam and Indonesia. Muscle and bone tissue samples were examined for δ15N, δ13C, and δ18O stable isotope compositions, to elucidate the conditions under which the frogs grew up. We used DNA barcoding (16S rRNA) to verify species identities. We identified three traded species (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Fejervarya cancrivora and Limnonectes macrodon); species identities were partly deviating from package labeling. Isotopic values of δ15N and δ18O showed significant differences between species and country of origin. Based on low δ15N composition and generally little variation in stable isotope values, our results imply that frogs from Vietnam were indeed farmed. In contrast, the frogs from the Indonesian supplier likely grew up under natural conditions, indicated by higher δ15N values and stronger variability in the stable isotope composition. Our results indicate that stable isotope analyses seem to be a useful tool to distinguish between naturally growing and intensively farmed frogs. We believe that this method can be used to improve the control in the international trade of frog legs, as well as for other biological products, thus supporting farming activities and decreasing pressure on wild populations. However, we examined different species from different countries and had no access to samples of individuals with confirmed origin and living conditions. Therefore, we suggest improving this method further with individuals of known origin and history, preferably including samples of the respective nutritive bases.
Electrofiltration improves dead‐end filtration of hyaluronic acid and presents an alternative downstream processing step that overcomes technological challenges of conventional methods
Authors: Gözke Gözde , Kirschhöfer Frank , Prechtl Carolin , Brenner‐Weiss Gerald , Krumov Nikolay Venelinov , Obst Ursula , Posten Clemens 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) dispersion obtained from the bacteria Streptococcus equi was concentrated by electrofiltration. In the conventional downstream processing of HA, extraction and precipitation lead to increase in environmental issues, structural changes, and time and energy related costs. Using electrofiltration as an alternative technology delivers solutions to these limitations. Experiments were conducted in order to test the applicability of electrofiltration to downstream processing of the negatively charged HA. The structural changes and molecular weight distributions, often a consequence of the employed separation method, were tested by analysis of the initial dispersions and final products. In comparison to the conventional filtration, concentration factors were increased up to almost four times without any detectable structural change in the final product.
Enhanced growth and total fatty acid production of microalgae under various lighting conditions induced by flashing light
Authors: Choi Yong‐Keun , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Kumaran Rangarajulu Senthil , Song Hak‐Jin , Song Kyung‐Guen , Kim Kwang Jin , Lee Sang Hyun , Yang Yung‐Hun , Kim Hyung Joo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicroalgae are gaining importance as a source of high‐value bioproducts. However, data regarding optimization of algal productivity via variation of environmental factors are lacking. Here, we evaluated a novel lighting method for the enhancement of biomass and total fatty acid (TFA) productivities during algal cultivation. We cultivated six different algal strains (Chlorella vulgaris KCTC AG10002, Acutodesmus obliquus KGE18, Uronema sp. KGE03, Micractinium reisseri KGE19, Fragilaria sp., and Spirogyra sp.) under various lighting conditions—continuous light (CL), light‐dark cycle (LD), and continuous dark (CD)—with or without additional flashing light. We monitored dry cell weight (DCW) and TFA concentrations during cultivation. For each algal strain, the growth rate showed markedly different responses to the various lighting modes. The growth rates of C. vulgaris KCTC AG10002 (1.34‐fold DCW increase, LD with flash), A. obliquus KGE18 (5.16‐fold DCW increase, LD with flash), Uronema sp. KGE03 (2.77‐fold DCW increase, CL with flash), and M. reisseri KGE19 (1.52‐fold DCW increase, CL with flash) markedly increased in response to flashing light. Additionally, in some algal strains cultivated under the LD mode, the flashing light treatment induced increased TFA concentrations (C. vulgaris, 1.19‐fold increase; A. obliquus, 2.59‐fold increase; and M. reisseri, 3.31‐fold increase). Phytohormone analysis of M. reisseri revealed increases in growth rate and TFA concentrations, associated with phytohormone induction via flashing light (e.g. 2.93‐fold increase in gibberellic acid); hence, flashing light can promote substantial alterations in algal metabolism.
Online Learning as a Wind Tunnel for Improving Teaching
Authors: Stigler James W. , Givvin Karen B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAttempts to improve teaching through research have met with limited success. This is, in part, due to the fact that teaching is a complex cultural system that has evolved over long periods of time—multiply determined and inherently resistant to change. But it is also true that research on teaching is difficult to carry out. Using traditional educational research methodologies, testing new methods of teaching requires, first, that teachers be able to implement the method at a scale sufficient for study, that random assignment of teachers to conditions can be feasibly carried out, and that ecological validity of the treatment can be preserved. In this chapter, we propose an alternative approach that combines the affordances of online learning with the methodologies of systems improvement. Using an analogy from the development of the airplane, we discuss how online learning might be a wind tunnel for the study and improvement of teaching.
Timely and Appropriate Healthcare Access for Newborns: A Neighborhood‐Based, Improvement Science Approach
Authors: Brown Courtney M. , Kahn Robert S. , Goyal Neera K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNewborns in low‐income families often experience delays between birth hospital discharge and the first primary care visit. Delays in primary care can result in inadequate support and education for families and may lead to emergency department (ED) visits for nonurgent conditions. Our intervention sought to reduce average age at first primary care visit to ≤ 9 days of life and reduce nonurgent ED visits by 20% among infants < 6 months old from one low‐income neighborhood in Cincinnati, Ohio. We applied improvement science to iteratively address the many family‐ and system‐level barriers to primary care. Improvement science is a structured approach to improving outcomes through ongoing data collection and examination of how specific practices affect performance. Advantages of this approach include the ability to detect incremental changes in outcomes and continuously adapt interventions over time. This chapter discusses the successes and challenges of applying improvement science to our goals.
Understanding the Similarities and Distinctions Between Improvement Science and Evaluation
Authors: Christie Christina A. , Lemire Sebastian , Inkelas Moira 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss the similarities and points of departure between improvement science and evaluation, according to use, valuing, and methods—three dimensions of evaluation theory to which all theorists attend (Christie & Alkin, ). Using these three dimensions as a framework for discussion, we show some of the ways in which improvement science and evaluation are similar and how they are different in terms of purposes, goals, and processes. By doing so we frame the illustrative cases of improvement science that follow in this issue.
Compromised hippocampus‐striatum pathway as a potential imaging biomarker of mild‐traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Rangaprakash D. , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Daniel Thomas A. , Goodman Adam M. , Robinson Jennifer L. , Salibi Nouha , Katz Jeffrey S. , Denney Thomas S. , Dretsch Michael N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesMilitary service members risk acquiring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild‐traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with high comorbidity. Owing to overlapping symptomatology in chronic mTBI or postconcussion syndrome (PCS) and PTSD, it is difficult to assess the etiology of a patient's condition without objective measures. Using resting‐state functional MRI in a novel framework, we tested the hypothesis that their neural signatures are characterized by functionally hyperconnected brain regions which are less variable over time. Additionally, we predicted that such connectivities possessed the highest ability in predicting the diagnostic membership of a novel subject (top‐predictors) in addition to being statistically significant.MethodsU.S. Army Soldiers (N = 87) with PTSD and comorbid PCS + PTSD were recruited along with combat controls. Static and dynamic functional connectivities were evaluated. Group differences were obtained in accordance with our hypothesis. Machine learning classification (MLC) was employed to determine top predictors.ResultsFrom whole‐brain connectivity, we identified the hippocampus‐striatum connectivity to be significantly altered in accordance with our hypothesis. Diffusion tractography revealed compromised white‐matter integrity between aforementioned regions only in the PCS + PTSD group, suggesting a structural etiology for the PCS + PTSD group rather than being an extreme subset of PTSD. Employing MLC, connectivities provided worst‐case accuracy of 84% (9% more than psychological measures). Additionally, the hippocampus‐striatum connectivities were found to be top predictors and thus a potential biomarker of PTSD/mTBI.ConclusionsPTSD/mTBI are associated with hippocampal‐striatal hyperconnectivity from which it is difficult to disengage, leading to a habit‐like response toward episodic traumatic memories, which fits well with behavioral manifestations of combat‐related PTSD/mTBI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2843–2864, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting‐state functional connectivity and cognitive dysfunction correlations in spinocerebelellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6)
Authors: Pereira Licia , Airan Raag D. , Fishman Ann , Pillai Jay J. , Kansal Kalyani , Onyike Chiadi U. , Prince Jerry L. , Ying Sarah H. , Sair Haris I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between resting state functional MRI (RS‐fMRI) activity and motor and cognitive impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).MethodsTwelve patients with genetically confirmed SCA6 and 14 age matched healthy controls were imaged with RS‐fMRI. Whole brain gray matter was automatically parcellated into 1000 regions of interest (ROIs). For each ROI, the first eigenvariate of voxel time courses was extracted. For each patient, Pearson correlation coefficients between each pair of ROI time courses were calculated across the 1000 ROIs. The set of average control correlation coefficients were fed as an undirected weighted adjacency matrix into the Rubinov and Sporns (2010) modularity algorithm. The intranetwork global efficiency of the thresholded adjacency sub‐matrix was calculated and correlated with ataxia scores and cognitive performance.ResultsSCA6 patients showed mild cognitive impairments in executive function and visual‐motor processing compared to control subjects. These neuropsychological impairments were correlated with decreased RS functional connectivity (FC) in the attention network.ConclusionsMild cognitive executive functions and visual‐motor coordination impairments seen in SCA6 patients correlate with decreased resting‐state connectivity in the attention network, suggesting a possible metric for the study of cognitive dysfunction in cerebellar disease. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3001–3010, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elucidating the interaction of clofazimine with bovine liver catalase; a comprehensive spectroscopic and molecular docking approach
Authors: Zaman Masihuz , Nusrat Saima , Zakariya Syed Mohammad , Khan Mohsin Vahid , Ajmal Mohammad Rehan , Khan Rizwan Hasan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNowadays, understanding of interface between protein and drugs has become an active research area of interest. These types of interactions provide structural guidelines in drug design with greater clinical efficacy. Thus, structural changes in catalase induced by clofazimine were monitored by various biophysical techniques including UV‐visible spectrometer, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Increase in absorption spectra (UV‐visible spectrum) confers the complex formation between drug and protein. Fluorescence quenching with a binding constants of 2.47 × 104 M−1 revealed that clofazimine binds with protein. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, the distance (r) between the protein (donor) and drug (acceptor) was found to be 2.89 nm. Negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) revealed that binding process is spontaneous. In addition, an increase in α‐helicity was observed by far‐UV circular dichroism spectra by adding clofazimine to protein. Dynamic light scattering results indicate that topology of bovine liver catalase was slightly altered in the presence of clofazimine. Hydrophobic interactions are the main forces between clofazimine and catalase interaction as depicted by molecular docking studies. Apart from hydrophobic interactions, some hydrogen bonding was also observed during docking method. The results obtained from the present study may establish abundant in optimizing the properties of ligand‐protein mixtures relevant for numerous formulations.
Comparing chamber and eddy covariance based net ecosystem CO2 exchange of fen soils
Authors: Poyda Arne , Reinsch Thorsten , Skinner R. Howard , Kluß Christof , Loges Ralf , Taube Friedhelm 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDue to their high emission potential, the reporting of CO2 emissions from peatlands requires exact emission factors for different land use categories. Recently used emission factors are mainly based on CO2 flux measurements by chamber techniques or the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method. However, evidence about the reliability and comparability of annual CO2 balances based on these methods is scarce. Therefore, manual chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were conducted for two years (March 2012–April 2014) to model annual balances of two sites on fen soils with different land use intensity in northern Germany: an unutilized and rewetted grassland (UG) and an intensively utilized wet grassland (GW). Simultaneously, EC measurements of NEE were conducted on the sites. Two reasons for occasionally great deviations in NEE between the methods could be observed: (1) the accordance of both methods was most hampered during transition periods such as the beginning of the growing season and the onset of regrowth after a grassland defoliation due to different spatial scales of EC and chamber measurements and (2) RECO and gross primary production (GPP) partitioned from EC NEE measurements were systematically lower than those from the chamber‐based model, which could be a result of the EC energy balance gap. Differences were more pronounced for the managed site GW as a result of more frequent regrowth periods. It is concluded that the EC and chamber method can show comparable results for the CO2 exchange of grasslands on fen soils when the limitations of both methods are known and considered for the reporting of emission factors. These limitations are due to energy balance closure and potentially biased footprints for EC and a restricted representativeness especially during early stages of plant development for the chamber method.
Mutifunctional Electrospun Nonwoven Mats with Two‐Way Shape Memory Behavior Prepared from Sol–Gel Crosslinked Poly(ε‐Caprolactone)
Authors: Pandini Stefano , Agnelli Silvia , Merlettini Andrea , Chiellini Federica , Gualandi Chiara , Paderni Katia , Focarete Maria Letizia , Messori Massimo , Toselli Maurizio 
Published: March 2017

Nonwoven fibrous mats based on semicrystalline networks are prepared starting from poly(ε‐caprolactone) and properly combining electrospinning and sol–gel reactions. The mats are obtained as continuous, randomly oriented micrometric fibers with different network densities. The systems are subjected to thermomechanical cycles to investigate their one‐way and two‐way shape memory behavior. One‐way tests aim at exploring the effects of the deformation temperature on the materials response, with particular interest to the less investigated cold‐working conditions (i.e., deformation temperature below T
m). The materials display two‐way shape memory capabilities (i.e., the ability to change between two distinguished shapes upon heating and cooling under a fixed nonzero stress) and the effect of the applied stress is explored. The shape memory characterization is accompanied by an ex situ SEM analysis, to describe the concurrent microstructural evolution during the macroscopic shape variation, and by the assessment of their biocompatibility, to explore the suitability of the nonwovens for biomedical applications.
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A bicriterion approach to common flow allowances due window assignment and scheduling with controllable processing times
Authors: Wang Dujuan , Yin Yunqiang , Cheng T.C.E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate a single‐machine scheduling problem for which both the job processing times and due windows are decision variables to be determined by the decision maker. The job processing times are controllable as a linear or convex function of the amount of a common continuously divisible resource allocated to the jobs, where the resource allocated to the jobs can be used in discrete or continuous quantities. We use the common flow allowances due window assignment method to assign due windows to the jobs. We consider two performance criteria: (i) the total weighted number of early and tardy jobs plus the weighted due window assignment cost, and (ii) the resource consumption cost. For each resource consumption function, the objective is to minimize the first criterion, while keeping the value of the second criterion no greater than a given limit. We analyze the computational complexity, devise pseudo‐polynomial dynamic programming solution algorithms, and provide fully polynomial‐time approximation schemes and an enhanced volume algorithm to find high‐quality solutions quickly for the considered problems. We conduct extensive numerical studies to assess the performance of the algorithms. The computational results show that the proposed algorithms are very efficient in finding optimal or near‐optimal solutions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 41–63, 2017