bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structuring of Alkyl‐Triazole Bridged Silsesquioxanes
Authors: Nunes S. C. , Toquer G. , Cardoso M. A. , Mayoral A. , Ferreira R. A. S. , Carlos L. D. , Ferreira P. , Almeida P. , Cattoën X. , Wong Chi Man M. , de Zea Bermudez V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNon‐porous bridged silsesquioxanes (BSs) were produced by sol‐gel reactions and self‐directed assembly, in the presence of an acid catalyst and a large excess of water, from bridged organosilane precursors (BOPs) synthesized by click chemistry. The rational design of the compounds, comprising an amine group and alkyl chains with variable length (n), pendant and anchored on a single position to a triazole ring, and the control of acid content (w, moles of acid per moles of BOP) enabled the tuning of the morphology and structure of the BSs. At n=6, 12 and 16, and w=0.2 amorphous hybrids were produced as uniform isotropic micro‐ to nanospheres. Structuring resulted at n =16 and w=1.2 or n=20 and w=0.2, yielding lamellar bilayer structures. In the case of the BS with n=20 and w=1.2 a lamellar bilayer phase and a minor hexagonal 2D structure emerged. The quite unusual formation of the latter structure was attributed to the presence of a chloride ion close to the proton located between the N(2) atom of the triazole ring and the amine group of the organic spacer, acting as a curvature agent.
Iodine/tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide‐Mediated Reaction of Indoles with Dimethylformamide/Dimethylacetamide to Synthesize Bis‐ and Tris(indolyl)methanes
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Borpatra Paran J. , Pegu Choitanya Dev , Thakuria Ranjit , Saikia Prakash J. , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere we report a metal‐free iodine/tert‐butyl hydroperoxide mediated reaction of N‐substituted indoles with dimethylformamide (DMF) / dimethylacetamide (DMA). The reaction produces bis‐ and tris(indolyl)methanes (BIMs and TIMs), in which DMF/DMA provides the methylene (of BIMs) and methine carbons (of TIMs). We have established different optimized conditions for their synthesis. Iodine (10 mol %) with TBHP (in decane, 1.0 equivalent) in DMF/DMA at 130 °C is required for the BIMs synthesis, whereas iodine (20 mol %) with TBHP (in water, 3.0 equivalent) in DMF‐H2O or DMA‐H2O (9:1) is needed for the TIMs. This methodology could be used to synthesize a variety of BIMs and TIMs. We believe, this is the first report of their metal‐free synthesis through C−H functionalization using one carbon source. The use of inexpensive, metal‐free and environmentally benign catalyst made the method handy.
Electronic Effect on Catalytic Water Oxidation by Single Site [Ru(QCl–tpy)(bpy)(OH2)]2+ Catalyst
Authors: Patel Jully , Majee Karunamay , Ahmad Ejaz , Vatsa Aditi , Das Babulal , Padhi Sumanta Kumar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe mononuclear [Ru(QCl‐tpy)(bpy)(H2O)](PF6)2 was successfully synthesized and characterized by using several spectroscopic techniques (QCl‐tpy=2‐4′‐(2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine). This complex shows only one pKa value at 10.2, due to the deprotonation from the bonded aqua ligand. This complex was successfully employed as a catalyst for chemical water oxidation in CF3SO3H solution (pH 1.0) by using CeIV as an oxidant, shows initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.0014 s−1. The manometry and electrochemical data shows that this complex is a better catalyst having turnover number (TON) 19 (out of 25) and overpotential of 600 mV. As compared to the parent Ru(tpy)(bpy)(H2O)](PF6)2 a higher catalytic effect was observed by complex 1, which is expected due to the cause of electronic effect dominating towards electron donating behavior.
Copper‐Catalyzed Remote C−H Nitration of 8‐Amidoquinolines
Authors: Khan Bhuttu , Khan Afsar A. , Bora Darshana , Verma Deepti , Koley Dipankar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA highly efficient copper catalyzed remote C−H nitration of 8‐amidoquinolines has been developed using tert‐butyl nitrite as nitrating agent. 5 mol% of catalyst under room temperature furnished the products in excellent yields for arene, heteroarene, aliphatic carboxamide derivatives.
Straighforward Synthesis of a Novel Chiron and its Application to the Synthesis of (+)‐1,4‐Dideoxymannojirimycin and Further Polyoxygenated 2‐Pyperidones
Authors: Ramírez Elsie , Meza‐León Rosa L. , Quintero Leticia , Höpfl Herbert , Cruz‐Gregorio Silvano , Sartillo‐Piscil Fernando 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe total synthesis of (+)‐1,4‐dideoxymannojimycin and the enantiopure synthesis of three polyoxygenated piperidin‐2‐ones from a novel chiron is reported. Starting from 3‐deoxy‐3‐amine‐D‐glucose, by means of the stereoselective aqueous SHOWO protocol (Sequential‐Hydrolysis‐Oxidation‐Wittig Olefination), the unsaturated‐7,3‐lactam‐D‐xylofuranose derivative was prepared, which depending on the oxidative C−C bond cleavage reaction conditions for the furanose moiety, is transformed into either (+)‐1,4‐dideoxymannojirimycin or polyoxygenated piperidin‐2‐ones.
Verschlüsse und Antriebe am Sperrwerk Greifswald
Authors: Heyder Frank , Hohberg Andreas , Lettner Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDas Sperrwerk Greifswald an der Mündung des Ryck in den Greifswalder Bodden bildet den Kern des Sturmflutschutzes für Greifswald. Durch einen Hauptverschluss als Drehsegment und zwei Nebenverschlüsse als Schiebetore können 60 m Fluss und Uferbereich zwischen den angrenzenden Deichen im Sturmflutfall verschlossen werden. Der Hauptverschluss wurde als Drehsegment konzipiert, um den Schifffahrtsweg so wenig wie möglich einzuschränken. In Ruheposition liegt das Drehsegment in einer Mulde in der Bodenplatte unterhalb des Flussgrundes. Bei Sturmflutwarnung wird das Drehsegment über zwei Hydraulikzylinder um 90° in die Staustellung gedreht. Die Nebenverschlüsse sichern die Promenadenbereiche links und rechts vom Ryck. Sie wurden als Schiebetore ausgebildet, die normalerweise in Kammern im benachbarten Deich stehen und bei Sturmflutwarnung über Elektromotoren ausgefahren werden. Haupt‐ und Nebenverschlüsse wurden als geschweißte räumliche Schalentragwerke ausgebildet und mit FEM‐Software als jeweils ein Bauteil bemessen. Die besondere Herausforderung dieses Bauvorhabens war das Zusammenwirken von Wasser‐ und Spezialtiefbau, Betonbau, Stahlbau, Maschinenbau und Elektrotechnik.Der Teil 1 beschreibt die Planung und statische Berechnung und ist im Heft 12/2016 erschienen.
Sicherheitsaspekte beim Stabilitätsnachweis von Hochspannungsstahlgittermasten
Authors: Mix Matthias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHochspannungsstahlgittermaste sind Stahlbauwerke aus überwiegend schlanken Winkelprofilen. Die Schlankheitsgrade für Biegeknicken bewegen sich im Intervall von ≈ 40 für Eckstiele bis ≈ 160 für Diagonalstäbe. Der Nachweis erfolgt in Europa entsprechend VDE 0210‐1 nach Theorie erster Ordnung. In Abhängigkeit des bezogenen Schlankheitsgrades erfolgt eine Abminderung der Streckgrenze. Zusätzlich wird ein Teilsicherheitsbeiwert angesetzt. In Deutschland wird entsprechend VDE 0210‐2‐4 die Knickspannungslinie c verwendet. Die europäischen Knickspannungslinien sind durch reale und numerische Experimente bestimmt worden. Der Abminderungsfaktor auf die Streckgrenze wird für alle Schlankheitsgrade durch eine empirische Gleichung beschrieben. Das Produkt aus Abminderungsfaktor, Streckgrenze und Brutto‐ bzw. Effektivquerschnittfläche ergibt die rechnerische, charakteristische Traglast. Diese ist aus Sicherheitsgründen für alle Schlankheitsgrade so niedrig gewählt, dass sie von mindestens 97,7 % der Versuche überschritten wird. Der Erwartungswert der Traglast liegt somit über der charakteristischen Traglast – sie streut jedoch. Die Versuche zeigen unterschied liche Variationskoeffizienten von 0,09 im Bereich kleiner Schlankheitsgrade, die für große Schlankheitsgrade auf Werte um 0,05 sinken. Der Erwartungswert der Traglast liegt im Bereich kleiner Schlankheitsgrade weiter oberhalb der empirischen Gleichung als im Bereich großer Schlankheitsgrade. Dies führt für Stäbe mit unterschiedlichem Schlankheitsgrad, die bei semiprobabilistischem Nachweis zu 100 % ausgenutzt sind, zu unterschiedlichen Zuverlässigkeitsindizes.
Restnutzungsdauer von geschweißten Altstahl konstruktionen unter zyklischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Schuster Jochen , Wagner Steffen , Keitel Steffen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDie Wirtschaftlichkeit von Stahlbauten hängt insbesondere von der zuverlässigen Bestimmung der erreichbaren Dauerhaftigkeit von der Herstellung über die gesamte Nutzungszeit bis zum Ende der Lebensdauer ab. Insbesondere stellt sich im Rahmen von Sanierungs‐ und Reparaturvorhaben häufig die Frage nach der Schweißeignung von Stahl‐ und Eisenwerkstoffen, deren Erzeugung vor Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts liegt und in vielen Fällen bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurück reicht. Im Rahmen eines öffentlich geförderten Forschungsvorhabens sollte daher geklärt werden, wie sich die Restnutzungsdauer von reparaturgeschweißten Altstahlkonstruktionen unter zyklischer Beanspruchung verändert. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen die Schlussfolgerung zu, dass bei vorhandener und auch eingeschränkter Schweißeignung eines Altstahles, die Restnutzungsdauer einer Konstruktion durch eine ordnungsgemäße schweißtechnische Verarbeitung nicht signifikant verändert wird, so lange diese frei von Kerben ist.
Industrie und Stahlbau 4.0 – ein paar Gedanken!
Authors: Zeman Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIndustrie 4.0 ist in aller Munde. Das Thema wird von der EU gefördert, von Universitäten und Beratern aufgegriffen, es wird definiert und interpretiert. Im Wesentlichen versteht man darunter die Verbindung der industriellen Produktion mit den nun verfügbaren Kommunikations‐ und Informationstechnologien. Noch kürzer: Die Verbindung von NC Maschinen mit dem Internet. Und nochmals kürzer: Höherer Automatisierungsgrad.
Examining the Concept of Subordination in Spoken L1 and L2 English: The Case ofIf‐Clauses
Authors: Basterrechea María , Weinert Regina 
Published: January 2017

This article explores the applications of research on native spoken language into second language learning in the concept of subordination. Second language (L2) learners’ ability to integrate subordinate clauses is considered an indication of higher proficiency (e.g., Ellis & Barkhuizen, 2005; Tarone & Swierzbin, 2009). However, the notion of subordination is challenged in the analysis of spoken syntax due to the potential problems in identifying clausal relationships. The study compares the production ofif‐clauses of first language (L1;N = 20) and L2 (N = 20) speakers of English in informal conversations and a map task. Results show that L2 speakers exhibited a strong preference for pre‐posedif‐clauses consisting of oneif‐clause; compared to L1 users, they used few multiclausalif‐clause complexes and postscript and semiformulaic post‐posed clauses in the conversations. As for the map task, L2 speakers did not use singleif‐clause directives, frequently used by L1 speakers. The findings seem to indicate that L2 speakers were constrained in their structural and hence functional repertoire. The article concludes that using subordination as a measure of complexity may not be straightforward, because clausal relations typical of spoken language need to be taken into account.
Biological effects of new‐generation dialkyl phosphinate flame retardants and their hydrolysates in BALB/C mice
Authors: Bao Jieqing , Liu Yuchen , Li Lisha , Chen Minjie , Liu Jiyan , Niu Yumin , Liu Jingfu , Liang Yong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAluminum methylcyclohexylphosphinate (AMHP), calcium methylcyclohexylphosphinate (CMHP), aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADEP), and aluminum methylethylphosphinate (AMEP) are organic dialkyl phosphinates (DPs) and emerging phosphorus‐based flame retardants. The broad‐spectrum DPs flame retardants occupy high‐end industrial markets, but their ecologic risk has been reported rarely. By exposing male BALB/c mice to DPs and dialkyl phosphinic acids, we studied the toxic effects of these chemicals, and measured AMHP and methylcyclohexylphosphinic acid (MHPA) in blood and feces. We found that DPs and their main hydrolysates had mild toxicity in BALB/c mice. Exposure to 10 and 50 mg/kg/d of AMEP and ADEP caused mild hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicity of CMHP was in the liver and kidneys. Toxicity of AMHP and its hydrolysate MHPA was low and affected the liver. These data suggest that AMHP has lower toxicity than the other DPs that we tested. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1578–1586, 2017.
Effect of Amino Acids and Glycyl Dipeptides on Micellization of Antibacterial Drug Domiphen Bromide
Authors: Yan Zhenning , Kang Yunxia , Wen Xiangli , Xu Cuiying , Chu Wenwen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effects of amino acids (glycine, l‐alanine, l‐valine, l‐leucine) and glycyl dipeptides (glycylglycine, glycyl‐l‐valine, glycyl‐l‐leucine) on the micellization behaviour of antibacterial drug domiphen bromide in aqueous solution as a function of temperature were studied by both conductivity and fluorescence spectroscopy. Critical micellar concentration, degree of counterion dissociation (α), limiting molar conductivity (Λ0), and a series of thermodynamic parameters of micellization of domiphen bromide have been calculated from the specific conductivity data. The I1/I3 ratios associated with pyrene fluorescence vibronic bands were used to interpret the variation of micropolarity caused by the interactions between domiphen bromide and amino acids/glycyl dipeptides. The mean aggregation number of domiphen bromide was determined by a fluorescence quenching method. Effects of temperature, concentration, and alkyl chain length of the amino acids/glycyl dipeptides on the above properties were examined. Amino acids and glycyl dipeptides effectively enhance the surface activity of domiphen bromide solution. The intensity of amino acid/dipeptide‐domiphen bromide interaction increased with the hydrophobicity of the amino acid/glycyl dipeptide.
Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population
Authors: DiMarco Diana M. , Missimer Amanda , Murillo Ana Gabriela , Lemos Bruno S. , Malysheva Olga V. , Caudill Marie A. , Blesso Christopher N. , Fernandez Maria Luz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty‐eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2] participated in this 14‐week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2‐week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL‐c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL‐c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL‐c/HDL‐c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2–3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose‐dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL‐c, a reduced LDL‐c/HDL‐c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL‐c or TMAO concentrations.
Print Culture and the Rebuilding of London after the Fire: The Presumptuous Proposals of Valentine Knight
Authors: Jenner Mark S. R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHistories of the Great Fire of London regularly mention and reproduce Valentine Knight's scheme for London's reconstruction, published in 1666, and note that he was imprisoned for his pains. His proposal, with new streets laid out on a rough grid and a canal through the heart of the city, has attained a walk-on part inlongue duréehistories of urban planning. However, Knight has remained a mysterious and little studied figure; the significance of his imprisonment and of the fact that his was the only scheme to be published remain unexplored. By reconstructing his biography and discovering the reason for his incarceration, and by relating his and the other proposals for the rebuilding of the capital after the fire to the history of public opinion, this article uses this episode to explore the tacit rules governing the discussion of public affairs in Restoration England. Further, by examining the publication history of all the immediate post-fire schemes for rebuilding London from 1666 to 1750, it traces how architectural plans gradually became objects for critical discussion in the worlds of print and periodical.
Preoperative right ventricle voltage mapping in Ebstein’s anomaly: can we make the late arrhythmogenic mortality following the cone procedure zero?
Authors: Weber Lauren A. , May Joseph W. , Needleman Matthew 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA young woman with Epstein’s anomaly had a large endocardial scar in the atrialised ventricular myocardium. In patients with significant preoperative ventricular scarring, more information is needed to help appropriately manage the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.
Sports participation in long QT syndrome
Authors: Aziz Peter F. , Saarel Elizabeth V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUntreated congenital long QT syndrome may result in potentially lethal ventricular tachycardia. In the most common type, risk of such an event has been linked to exercise. This originally resulted in very restrictive guidelines for sports participation in affected individuals. Although the complex interactions of a specific genotype, modifying cofactors, and risk are only now being explored, scientific evidence based on clinical experience now suggests that in many instances such restrictive guidelines are unwarranted. In particular, patients with this condition who are compliant with β-blocker therapy and who have never had symptoms during exertion are now enjoying the benefits of athletic activity.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
Authors: Orgeron Gabriela M. , Crosson Jane E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterised by ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy diagnosis is based on criteria that take into account electrical and structural cardiac abnormalities, as well as mutation analysis. Appropriate pharmacological therapy and the prevention of sudden death with implantable defibrillators are important in the management of these patients. Exercise is considered an important environmental factor for the development and progression of the disease.
Screening the apparently healthy athlete for risk: a paradigm in transition
Authors: Kurtz Joshua D. , Kanter Ronald J. , Olen Melissa , Rossi Anthony F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt has largely been accepted that pre-participation screening for student athletes is necessary, but there is still no consensus on the most effective and efficient ways to accomplish this. Most clinical strategies are based on retrospective case series. By applying the European Society of Cardiology and Seattle criteria, electrocardiography appears to afford the lowest false-positive rate for identifying potentially dangerous cardiac abnormalities in athletes. Prospective, randomised trials may help determine the most effective primary prevention. Normative data for age, gender, and ethnicity for screening tools need to be formulated to further reduce false-positive results. Targeted advanced screening aimed at the highest risk groups may be the most beneficial and cost-effective application of primary prevention.
Athletic participation in the young patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Authors: Lampert Rachel , Law Ian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe decision of whether to allow a young patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to continue to participate in sports is complex and multi-factorial. The positive physical and psychosocial impact of sports participation must be weighed against the potential adverse events associated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Arrhythmias appear to be more prevalent in athletes and occur more frequently during physical activity or competition/practice, but there is growing evidence that device therapy is effective in athletes across a wide range of competitive sports. Failure of a device to convert a life-threatening arrhythmia, major injury from a shock, and increased lead failure have thus far not been reported in the prospective Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Sports Registry, but follow-up remains relatively short. Thoughtful consideration of disease state, arrhythmia risk, and the potential dangers of device therapy during the desired sports is imperative before allowing participation. Frank discussion with children and families regarding the possibility of shocks during sports, as well as at other times, is imperative. Ongoing and future studies will help guide these decisions.
Genomic reconstruction of multiple lineages of uncultured benthic archaea suggests distinct biogeochemical roles and ecological niches
Authors: Lazar C S , Baker B J , Seitz K W , Teske A P 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Genomic bins belonging to multiple archaeal lineages were recovered from distinct redox regimes in sediments of the White Oak River estuary. The reconstructed archaeal genomes were identified as belonging to the rice cluster subgroups III and V (RC-III, RC-V), the Marine Benthic Group D (MBG-D), and a newly described archaeal class, the Theionarchaea. The metabolic capabilities of these uncultured archaea were inferred and indicated a common capability for extracellular protein degradation, supplemented by other pathways. The multiple genomic bins within the MBG-D archaea shared a nearly complete reductive acetyl-CoA pathway suggesting acetogenic capabilities. In contrast, the RC-III metabolism appeared centered on the degradation of detrital proteins and production of H2, whereas the RC-V archaea lacked capabilities for protein degradation and uptake, and appeared to be specialized on carbohydrate fermentation. The Theionarchaea appeared as complex metabolic hybrids; encoding a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle permitting carbon (acetyl-CoA) oxidation, together with a complete reductive acetyl-CoA pathway and sulfur reduction by a sulfhydrogenase. The differentiated inferred capabilities of these uncultured archaeal lineages indicated lineage-specific linkages with the nitrogen, carbon and sulfur cycles. The predicted metabolisms of these archaea suggest preferences for distinct geochemical niches within the estuarine sedimentary environment.