bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of the pattern of lymphatic metastasis in relation to the submandibular gland in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Malik Akshat , Joshi Poonam , Mishra Aseem , Garg Apurva , Mair Manish , Chakrabarti Swagnik , Nair Sudhir , Nair Deepa , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe submandibular gland is responsible for 70% to 90% of unstimulated saliva production. Its excision causes a decrease in basal salivary flow resulting in increased symptoms of subjective xerostomia and decreased quality of life. In this study, we have tried to assess the pattern of nodal metastasis in relation to the submandibular gland. With this study, we have tried to find out whether submandibular gland preservation is a viable option in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity.MethodsThis was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care cancer center. The fibrofatty tissue surrounding the submandibular gland was divided into 6 parts depending upon its location with the submandibular gland. All these 6 parts along with the submandibular gland were separately sent for histopathological analysis. Metastasis pattern in level Ib region was noted.ResultThe study included 137 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity who underwent neck dissections. Eighty‐five patients had clinic‐radiologically N0 neck, 52 patients had cN+ (clinically node positive) neck. Level Ib was involved in 8.2% of the cases with cN0 (clinically node negative neck). In patients with cN+ neck, level Ib metastasis was seen in 40% of the cases. Metastasis in N0 necks in the area deep to the submandibular gland was seen in only 1 case (9% of all pathologically node‐positive patients) with cN0 neck. This was the only case in which submandibular gland mobilization would have been required to take out the metastatic node. Even in cases with N+ neck, deep metastasis was seen in 4 cases only (14.8%). None of them had a primary tumor in the tongue. Therefore, there is a possibility of preserving the submandibular gland in cases of carcinoma of the tongue.ConclusionInvolvement of level Ib in early tongue cancers is not very common and direct metastases to the submandibular glands are rare. Even when metastasis is present in level Ib, it can be excised without affecting the submandibular gland. In early tongue lesions, submandibular gland mobilization for dissection at level Ib is not required as no metastases deep to the submandibular glands were seen in these patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Modelling nonlinear trend for developing non‐stationary rainfall intensity–duration–frequency curve
Authors: Agilan V. , Umamahesh N. V. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe infrastructure design is primarily based on rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, and the existing IDF curves are based on the concept of stationary extreme value theory (EVT) (i.e. the occurrence probability of extreme precipitation is not expected to change significantly over time). But, the extreme precipitation events are increasing due to global climate change and questioning the reliability of our current infrastructure design. Based on recent developments in the EVT, recent studies proposed a method for developing non‐stationary rainfall IDF curve by incorporating linear trend in the location parameter of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Upon detecting a significant trend in the extreme rainfall series, directly applying the linear trend to develop non‐stationary IDF curves may increase the bias of the non‐stationary model. Hence, it is important to develop non‐stationary GEV model which has less bias than the stationary model by modelling nonlinear trend in the series.In this study, we try to develop non‐stationary GEV models with less bias by modelling nonlinear trend in the series using multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). In addition, the proposed GEV model is compared with the stationary GEV model and the linear trend‐based non‐stationary GEV model. Furthermore, the Wilmington city and the Hyderabad city non‐stationary IDF curves are developed and compared with stationary IDF curves. From the study results, it is observed that the proposed MOGA‐based method is able to build the good quality and less bias non‐stationary GEV models by modelling nonlinear trend in the series. In addition, it is also observed that the usage of linear trend for modelling non‐stationarity in the time series sometimes increase the bias of non‐stationary model.
A Redox‐Dependent Electrochromic Material: Tetri‐EDOT Substituted Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Zhu Xiaosi , Xu Panpan , Zhu Mengmeng , Guo Yitong , He Yaowu , Hu Zhao , Murtaza Imran , Yu Hongtao , Yan Lijia , Goto Osamu , Meng Hong 
Published: May 2016

Organic electrochromic materials change color rapidly under applied potential. A butterfly‐shaped compound, 5,5′,‐5″,‐5′″‐(thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2,3,5,6‐tetrayl) tetrakis‐(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxine) (t‐EDOT‐TT) is synthesized for the first time and polymerized at different potentials via electropolymerization technique. By applying different polymerization potentials, the optical and electrochromic properties of this newly synthesized polymer can be tuned. Owing to the dependence of functional group position in the polymer structure on the redox potential, this polymer can be utilized in very interesting organic optoelectronic applications.
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A high performance UWB antenna design for microwave imaging system
Authors: Mahmud M. Z. , Islam M. T. , Samsuzzaman M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new design of ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna is reported for a microwave imaging system aimed to cover the UWB bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The structure has a very simple Hibiscus petal pattern patch with tapered microstrip fed a line and partial trapezoid ground plane. The gap between the Hibiscus petal pattern patch and partial ground of the antenna are optimized to achieve wide impedance bandwidth. Results show that the antenna has a fractional bandwidth of about 120% from 3.04 to 11 GHz with S11 < −10 dB with stable omnidirectional radiation pattern. The average gain of proposed prototype is 5.1 dBi and the radiation efficiency is about 85% on an average over the bandwidth. The fidelity factor for face to face is 0.8469 and for side by side is 0.9232 which represent the lower distortion of signal. The characteristics of proposed antenna are successfully simulated, prototyped and measured. Fairly good agreements between the simulations and measurements have been achieved. The reported antenna has a better impedance match and mutual coupling that provides a practical approach to realize the antenna for the UWB microwave imaging system. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1824–1831, 2016
Optically tunable filter based on meshed CDS‐polymer MIM capacitor
Authors: Gonzalez J. M. , Delhote N. , Baillargeat D. , McGarry S. P. , Roy L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA new optically tunable low‐pass filter (LPF) is presented with a cutoff frequency ranging from 13.71 GHz to 14.79 GHz. Tunability is achieved based on a novel metal insulator metal (MIM) capacitor having a photorefractive insulator that shows 13% change in capacitance. The LPF has been fabricated and measured, and a simple lumped element model extracted to analyze its behavior. The improved meshed MIM capacitor employed in the LPF marks a practical demonstration of an optically tuned filter. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1926–1929, 2016
Unconditionally stable FDTD scattered field formulation for dispersive media
Authors: Rouf Hasan Khaled , Erni Daniel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA new unconditionally stable scattered field (SF) formulation for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique applied to dispersive media is presented. The scheme is based on alternating direction implicit (ADI) principle but, unlike ADI, it does not require computation and storage of field values at the intermediate time steps which reduces computational costs and memory. Dispersive media characterized by Debye and Lorentz models are incorporated in the proposed SF FDTD scheme by auxiliary differential equation (ADE) method. For each of the dispersive media unconditional stability and accuracy of the scheme are validated by numerical tests. The scheme can perform faster than the explicit FDTD scheme at Courant number as low as three. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1778–1782, 2016
The Effect of Nurse‐Physician Collaboration on Job Satisfaction, Team Commitment, and Turnover Intention in Nurses
Authors: Galletta Maura , Portoghese Igor , Carta Mauro Giovanni , D'Aloja Ernesto , Campagna Marcello 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVoluntary turnover in nursing can lead to nursing shortages that affect both individuals and the entire hospital unit. We investigated the relationship between group‐ and individual‐level variables by examining the association of nurses’ job satisfaction and team commitment at the individual level, and nurse‐physician collaboration at the group level, with individuals’ intention to leave the unit at the individual level. A self‐report questionnaire was administered to 1,024 nurses on 72 units in 3 Italian hospitals. At the individual level, affective commitment partially mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing turnover intention. Moreover, a cross‐level interaction was found. Nurses with high levels of job satisfaction showed high levels of identification with their team, and this relationship was stronger when the group perception of nurse‐physician collaboration was high. Results suggested that managerial strategies to promote nurse‐physician collaboration may be important to increase nurses’ affective commitment to the team. At the individual level, job satisfaction and team affective commitment are important factors for retaining staff, and at the group level, good work collaboration with physicians is instrumental in developing nurses’ affective identification with the team. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of claims‐based algorithms for gout flares
Authors: MacFarlane Lindsey A. , Liu Chih‐Chin , Solomon Daniel H. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeGout is a common inflammatory arthritis characterized by repeated acute flares. The ability to accurately identify gout flares is critical for comparative effectiveness studies of gout treatments. We developed and examined the accuracy of a claims‐based algorithm to identify gout flares.MethodsPatients receiving care at an academic medical center between 2006 and 2010 with a diagnosis of gout or hyperuricemia were selected using an electronic medical record‐Medicare claims linked dataset. Gout flares were identified by several claims‐based algorithms using a diagnosis of gout combined with gout‐related medication claims and/or procedure codes for arthrocentesis or joint injection. We calculated positive predictive value of these algorithms based on physician documentation of gout flare in medical record as the gold standard. Negative predictive value of the gout flare algorithm was calculated in a randomly selected subgroup of 200 patients with gout.ResultsAmong 3952 subjects with gout or hyperuricemia, 503 flares were identified using the medication‐based algorithm, and 290 were identified using the procedure‐based algorithm. The positive predictive value for gout flares ranged from 50–54% for the medication‐based algorithms and 59–68% for the procedure‐based algorithms. The negative predictive value of the algorithm combining both medication and procedure claims was high (85.2%).ConclusionUse of gout diagnosis codes in combination with medication dispensing or procedure codes did not appear to accurately capture gout flares in patients with gout in a claims database. However, the claims‐based flare algorithm could be useful in identifying a cohort of gout patients with no flares. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Social Media Monitoring Into Public Health Emergency Response Operations
Authors: Hadi Tamer A. , Fleshler Keren 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSocial media monitoring for public health emergency response and recovery is an essential response capability for any health department. The value of social media for emergency response lies not only in the capacity to rapidly communicate official and critical incident information, but as a rich source of incoming data that can be gathered to inform leadership decision-making. Social media monitoring is a function that can be formally integrated into the Incident Command System of any response agency. The approach to planning and required resources, such as staffing, logistics, and technology, is flexible and adaptable based on the needs of the agency and size and scope of the emergency. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has successfully used its Social Media Monitoring Team during public health emergency responses and planned events including major Ebola and Legionnaires’ disease responses. The concepts and implementations described can be applied by any agency, large or small, interested in building a social media monitoring capacity. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 6)
RPA and Rad51 constitute a cell intrinsic mechanism to protect the cytosol from self DNA
Authors: Wolf Christine , Rapp Alexander , Berndt Nicole , Staroske Wolfgang , Schuster Max , Dobrick-Mattheuer Manuela , Kretschmer Stefanie , König Nadja , Kurth Thomas , Wieczorek Dagmar , Kast Karin , Cardoso M. Cristina , Günther Claudia , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImmune recognition of cytosolic DNA represents a central antiviral defence mechanism. Within the host, short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) continuously arises during the repair of DNA damage induced by endogenous and environmental genotoxic stress. Here we show that short ssDNA traverses the nuclear membrane, but is drawn into the nucleus by binding to the DNA replication and repair factors RPA and Rad51. Knockdown of RPA and Rad51 enhances cytosolic leakage of ssDNA resulting in cGAS-dependent type I IFN activation. Mutations in the exonuclease TREX1 cause type I IFN-dependent autoinflammation and autoimmunity. We demonstrate that TREX1 is anchored within the outer nuclear membrane to ensure immediate degradation of ssDNA leaking into the cytosol. In TREX1-deficient fibroblasts, accumulating ssDNA causes exhaustion of RPA and Rad51 resulting in replication stress and activation of p53 and type I IFN. Thus, the ssDNA-binding capacity of RPA and Rad51 constitutes a cell intrinsic mechanism to protect the cytosol from self DNA.
Genome-wide analysis reveals adaptation to high altitudes in Tibetan sheep
Authors: Wei Caihong , Wang Huihua , Liu Gang , Zhao Fuping , Kijas James W. , Ma Youji , Lu Jian , Zhang Li , Cao Jiaxue , Wu Mingming , Wang Guangkai , Liu Ruizao , Liu Zhen , Zhang Shuzhen , Liu Chousheng , Du Lixin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTibetan sheep have lived on the Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years; however, the process and consequences of adaptation to this extreme environment have not been elucidated for important livestock such as sheep. Here, seven sheep breeds, representing both highland and lowland breeds from different areas of China, were genotyped for a genome-wide collection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The FST and XP-EHH approaches were used to identify regions harbouring local positive selection between these highland and lowland breeds and 236 genes were identified. We detected selection events spanning genes involved in angiogenesis, energy production and erythropoiesis. In particular, several candidate genes were associated with high-altitude hypoxia, including EPAS1, CRYAA, LONP1, NF1, DPP4, SOD1, PPARG and SOCS2. EPAS1 plays a crucial role in hypoxia adaption; therefore, we investigated the exon sequences of EPAS1 and identified 12 mutations. Analysis of the relationship between blood-related phenotypes and EPAS1 genotypes in additional highland sheep revealed that a homozygous mutation at a relatively conserved site in the EPAS1 3′ untranslated region was associated with increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume. Taken together, our results provide evidence of the genetic diversity of highland sheep and indicate potential high-altitude hypoxia adaptation mechanisms, including the role of EPAS1 in adaptation.
Corosolic acid inhibits the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and protects against diabetic renal damage
Authors: Li Xiao-Qiang , Tian Wen , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Zhang Kai , Huo Jun-Cheng , Liu Wen-Juan , Li Ping , Xiao Xiong , Zhao Ming-Gao , Cao Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) on the renal damage of DM and the mechanisms behind these effects. The renoprotective effect of CA was investigated in type 1 diabetic rats and db/db mice. The kidneys and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were used to study the proliferation of GMCs by immunostaining and MTT assay. Further immunoblotting, siRNA, qPCR analysis and detecting of NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were performed to explore relevant molecular mechanisms. In CA-treated diabetic animals, diabetes-induced albuminuria, increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly attenuated and glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion and fibrosis were ameliorated. Furthermore, CA significantly inhibited proliferation of GMCs and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in both diabetic animals and high glucose (HG)-induced GMCs. CA also normalized Δψm and inhibited HG-induced NADPH oxidase activity, ROS generation and NOX4, NOX2, p22phox and p47phox expression. More importantly, CA inhibited GMC proliferation mediated by NADPH/ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that CA exert the protective effect on DN by anti-proliferation resulted from inhibition of p38 MAPK- and NADPH-mediated inactivation of ERK1/2.
Pathway Compartmentalization in Peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Produce Versatile Medium Chain Fatty Alcohols
Authors: Sheng Jiayuan , Stevens Joseph , Feng Xueyang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFatty alcohols are value-added chemicals and important components of a variety of industries, which have a >3 billion-dollar global market annually. Long chain fatty alcohols (>C12) are mainly used in surfactants, lubricants, detergents, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics while medium chain fatty alcohols (C6–C12) could be used as diesel-like biofuels. Microbial production of fatty alcohols from renewable feedstock stands as a promising strategy to enable sustainable supply of fatty alcohols. In this study, we report, for the first time, that medium chain fatty alcohols could be produced in yeast via targeted expression of a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (TaFAR) in the peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By tagging TaFAR enzyme with peroxisomal targeting signal peptides, the TaFAR could be compartmentalized into the matrix of the peroxisome to hijack the medium chain fatty acyl-CoA generated from the beta-oxidation pathway and convert them to versatile medium chain fatty alcohols (C10 & C12). The overexpression of genes encoding PEX7 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase further improved fatty alcohol production by 1.4-fold. After medium optimization in fed-batch fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, fatty alcohols were produced at 1.3 g/L, including 6.9% 1-decanol, 27.5% 1-dodecanol, 2.9% 1-tetradecanol and 62.7% 1-hexadecanol. This work revealed that peroxisome could be engineered as a compartmentalized organelle for producing fatty acid-derived chemicals in S. cerevisiae.
The Balance between Conventional DCs and Plasmacytoid DCs Is Pivotal for Immunological Tolerance during Pregnancy in the Mouse
Authors: Fang Wen-ning , Shi Meng , Meng Chao-yang , Li Dan-dan , Peng Jing-pian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs), which can shape their functions depending on the microenvironment, are crucial for the delicate balance of immunity and tolerance during pregnancy. However, the mechanism underlying the microenvironment-educated plasticity of DC differentiation during pregnancy remains largely unclear. Here, we found that the differentiation of conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is regulated in a tissue-specific manner during pregnancy. The ratio of cDCs and pDCs remained constant in the spleen. However, the ratio changed in the para-aortic lymph nodes (LNs), where cDC percentages were significantly reduced concurrent with an increase in pDCs from E8.5 to E16.5. Moreover, the expansion of pDCs and T regulatory (Treg) cells was correlated in the para-aortic LNs and pDCs had more potential to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with cDCs (independent of IDO expression). Notably, the balance between cDCs and pDCs is disrupted in IFN-γ-induced abnormal pregnancy, accompanied by lower Treg percentages in the para-aortic LNs and decidua. To further identify the underlying mechanism, we found that elevated IFN-γ can increase the levels of GM-CSF to alter the differentiation of pDCs into cDCs in vivo. Therefore, we provide a novel regulatory mechanism underlying pregnancy-related immune tolerance that involves the balance of DC subsets, which may offer a new target for the prevention of human spontaneous abortion.
Butyrate upregulates endogenous host defense peptides to enhance disease resistance in piglets via histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Xiong Haitao , Guo Bingxiu , Gan Zhenshun , Song Deguang , Lu Zeqing , Yi Hongbo , Wu Yueming , Wang Yizhen , Du Huahua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractButyrate has been used to treat different inflammatory disease with positive outcomes, the mechanisms by which butyrate exerts its anti-inflammatory effects remain largely undefined. Here we proposed a new mechanism that butyrate manipulate endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) which contributes to the elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and thus affects the alleviation of inflammation. An experiment in piglets treated with butyrate (0.2% of diets) 2 days before E. coli O157:H7 challenge was designed to investigate porcine HDP expression, inflammation and E. coli O157:H7 load in feces. The mechanisms underlying butyrate-induced HDP gene expression and the antibacterial activity and bacterial clearance of macrophage 3D4/2 cells in vitro were examined. Butyrate treatment (i) alleviated the clinical symptoms of E. coli O157:H7-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and the severity of intestinal inflammation; (ii) reduced the E. coli O157:H7 load in feces; (iii) significantly upregulated multiple, but not all, HDPs in vitro and in vivo via histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition; and (iv) enhanced the antibacterial activity and bacterial clearance of 3D4/2 cells. Our findings indicate that butyrate enhances disease resistance, promotes the clearance of E. coli O157:H7, and alleviates the clinical symptoms of HUS and inflammation, partially, by affecting HDP expression via HDAC inhibition.