bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules
Authors: Nelson Heather A , Roe Michael W 
Published: January 2018

Ca2+release from the endoplasmic reticulum is an important component of Ca2+signal transduction that controls numerous physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Release of Ca2+from the endoplasmic reticulum is coupled to the activation of store-operated Ca2+entry into cells. Store-operated Ca2+entry provides Ca2+for replenishing depleted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+stores and a Ca2+signal that regulates Ca2+-dependent intracellular biochemical events. Central to connecting discharge of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+stores following G protein-coupled receptor activation with the induction of store-operated Ca2+entry are stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2). These highly homologous endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins function as sensors of the Ca2+concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and activators of Ca2+release-activated Ca2+channels. Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to their role in Ca2+release-activated Ca2+channel gating and store-operated Ca2+entry, STIM1 and STIM2 regulate other cellular signaling events. Recent studies have shown that disruption of STIM expression and function is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and myopathies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of STIM1 and STIM2.Impact statementIntracellular Ca2+signaling is a fundamentally important regulator of cell physiology. Recent studies have revealed that Ca2+-binding stromal interaction molecules (Stim1 and Stim2) expressed in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential components of eukaryote Ca2+signal transduction that control the activity of ion channels and other signaling effectors present in the plasma membrane. This review summarizes the most recent information on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. We anticipate that the work presented in our review will provide new insights into molecular interactions that participate in interorganelle signaling crosstalk, cell function, and the pathogenesis of human diseases.
Screening colonoscopy and risk of adverse events among individuals undergoing fecal immunochemical testing in a population‐based program: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Arana-Arri Eunate , Imaz-Ayo Natale , Fernández Mari Jose , Idigoras Isabel , Bilbao Isabel , Bujanda Luis , Bao Fidencio , Ojembarrena Enrique , Gil Ines , Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Portillo Isabel 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundScreening by means of biennial fecal occult blood test has provided a reduction in overall colorectal cancer mortality. Notwithstanding, we should not underestimate the harms that it can produce.AimThe aim of this article is to identify the independent risk factors of complications after a screening colonoscopy.MethodsA six‐year, nested case‐control study was conducted. Mortality/complications within 30 days after colonoscopy were registered and its predictors identified through logistic regression.ResultsAfter 39,254 colonoscopies, the complication rate was 1.0%. Independent predictors were sex (OR 1.68 for men; CI 95% 1.18–2.39), ASA physical status classification system (OR 1.73 for ASA II–III; CI 95% 1.53–3.69), history of abdominal surgery (OR 2.37; CI 95% 1.72–4.08), diverticulosis (OR 2.89; CI 95% 1.94–4.30), inadequate cleansing (OR 29.35; CI 95% 6.52–132.17), detection of advanced neoplasia (AN) (OR 4.92; CI 95% 3.29–7.36), detection of stage I adenocarcinoma (OR 9.44; CI 95% 4.46–20.0), polyps in right colon OR 2.27 CI 95% 1.38–3.74) and complex polypectomy (OR 2.00; CI 95% 1.25–3.20). The logistic model explained 82% of the complications (CI 95% 0.798–0.854, p < 0.001).ConclusionsColonoscopy, with or without removal of a lesion, is an invasive procedure with a non‐deniable risk of major complications. Factors like inadequate cleansing or detection of AN are determinants. Therefore, it is vital to know which aspects predict their appearance to implement countermeasures.
Trabecular Bone Score in Obese and Nonobese Subjects With Primary Hyperparathyroidism Before and After Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Tay Yu-Kwang Donovan , Cusano Natalie E , Rubin Mishaela R , Williams John , Omeragic Beatriz , Bilezikian John P 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Context
Obesity has been shown to be unfavorable to skeletal microarchitecture when assessed by trabecular bone score (TBS). The influence of adiposity on skeletal microstructure in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has not yet been evaluated.

Objective
To investigate the effect of obesity on TBS and bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with PHPT at baseline and through 2 years after parathyroidectomy.

Design
Prospective observational study.

Setting
Referral center.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty men and women with PHPT undergoing parathyroid surgery.

Main Outcome Measures
TBS and BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results
There were notable improvements in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in the obese (lumbar spine: 4.3 ± 4.7%, femoral neck: 3.8 ± 6.6%; P &lt; 0.05 for both) and nonobese subjects (lumbar spine: 3.8 ± 5.6%, femoral neck 3.1 ± 5.0%; P &lt; 0.05 for both) but no marked change in TBS in either group at 24 months postparathyroidectomy. Obese subjects had fully degraded TBS values compared with the nonobese subjects, whose TBS values were minimally below normal throughout the study (baseline: 1.199 ± 0.086 vs 1.327 ± 0.099, respectively; P = 0.003; 24 months: 1.181 ± 0.061 vs 1.352 ± 0.114, respectively; P = 0.001), despite improvements in BMD.

Conclusions
The detrimental effect of obesity on TBS, an index of bone quality, was demonstrated in subjects with PHPT. Obesity was associated with fully degraded skeletal microarchitecture as measured by TBS in PHPT, despite similar values in bone density by DXA compared with nonobese subjects. TBS values did not improve postparathyroidectomy in either obese or nonobese subjects.
Feeding amount significantly alters overt tumor onset rate in a zebrafish melanoma model
Authors: Grigura Vadim , Barbier Megan , Zarov Anna P. , Kaufman Charles K. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The manner in which zebrafish are fed may have important impacts on the behavior of disease models. We examined the effect of different feeding regimens on the rate of overt melanoma tumor onset in a p53/BRAF-dependent model, a commonly used read-out in this and many other cancer models. We demonstrate that increased feeding leads to more rapid melanoma onset. The ability to modulate overt tumor onset rates with this regimen indicates additional flexibility to ‘tune’ the system to more quickly generate tumors for study and to begin to address questions related to cancer metabolism using the zebrafish model.
Micromanaging the gut: unravelling the regulatory pathways that mediate the intestinal adaptive response
Authors: Balakrishnan A 
Published: January 2018

Short bowel syndrome occurs following the loss of a large portion of functional intestine and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The intestine exhibits pronounced diurnal rhythms in glucose absorption and mounts a profound proliferative response following massive small bowel resection. Understanding the molecular pathways that underpin this could yield novel treatment options. Two in vivo models were employed using the nocturnally active Sprague Dawley® rat, namely daytime feeding and massive small bowel resection. Glucose absorption exhibited a 24-hour periodicity in the gut and peaked during maximal nutrient delivery, mediated by rhythms in the glucose transporter sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1). Feeding during the day shifted the peak in the circadian clock gene PER1 and SGLT1. RNA interference and luciferase assays demonstrated that PER1 transcriptionally regulates SGLT1, linking for the first time clock genes and intestinal glucose absorption. Intestinal proliferation also exhibited diurnal rhythmicity, with peak absorptive surface area occurring during maximal nutrient availability. mir-16 is diurnally expressed in intestinal crypts, exhibiting minimal expression during maximal nutritional availability. mir-16 overexpression increased apoptosis and arrested proliferation in vitro. mir-125a was upregulated in intestinal crypts following 80% small bowel resection, and induced apoptosis and growth arrest upon overexpression in vitro. This work provides novel insights into the role of circadian clock genes, intestinal transporters and microRNAs in regulating intestinal absorption and proliferation and is the first demonstration of a role for microRNAs in these adaptive phenomena. Modulation of these pathways may represent a new therapeutic option for the management of short bowel syndrome.
Diverse socio-spatial practices in a militarized public space: The case of Abu Nuwas Street in Baghdad
Authors: Raad Yaseen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Post-invasion Baghdad has undergone an excessive militarization of its urban spaces which have assumed sectarian expressions. Abu Nuwas Street is one of the few remaining open public spaces along the Tigris with a symbolic significance for Baghdadis. The street includes facilities with significant political visibility and, thus, potential targets for terrorist attacks. The walled and heavily secured state quarters, known as the Green Zone, are just across the river. The street, therefore, has witnessed excessive deployment of security measures since its reopening and renovation in 2007 as a result of the ‘surge’ military strategy under the then commanding general of the occupation forces David Petraeus. This article is an attempt to understand how the effects of militarization in the open public spaces of Abu Nuwas Street have affected socio-spatial practices. It documents an important public space in a city rarely explored in contemporary urban studies. My findings reveal that although security measures drastically decreased socio-spatial practices along Abu-Nuwas street, seeds of a vibrant and diverse public space can be found in the adjacent parks.
Iraq 2014: Making sense of sectarian violence
Authors: Alnasseri Sabah 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Any attempt to resolve political violence in religious or ethnic terms is bound to fail at the outset, for it settles for addressing a representation of the symptoms and manifestations of violence rather than disclosing its constitutive moments and the political terrain of its lived relevance. My argument runs counter to such a phenomenological presentation of violence, asserting that the contemporary violent conflicts within Iraq are not a war of sect against sect, but rather one among powerful political contenders and their regional and/or international backers. To generalize and present war in the first sense is to apologetically cover up what essentially is a class conflict, above all among fractions of the ruling class and their political representatives, an explanatory that creates an image of senseless violence. This class scenario cries for a security state, order and the monopolization of violence, i.e., the making of a hierarchical class-based state. The constitution, coherence and homogeneity of any ruling class is not pre-given, rather it necessitates a project of political hegemony within the power block in which it is established, reproduced and guaranteed by the state. The absence of such a hegemony witnesses conflicts among fractions of the ruling class that permeate all societal levels to the extent that the state apparatus itself becomes an instrument, mean and object of the conflicts rather than its purveyors and means of pacification. The intersection of imperialist occupation, violent claims for hegemony among regional contenders and domestic struggle over political power assumes inevitably fractured and particularist forms: religion, confession and ethnicity. In this way, religion, confession and ethnicity are not the cause of violence; rather the contest for hegemony violently manufacture and set them in motion. The destructive occupation regime and the lack of political will to make a unified national field empower sects and ethnicities to be recast as ideological centrifuges. In this article I will reconstruct the developments up to the emergence of ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) in December 2013/January 2014, in order to decipher the present and to warn that such catastrophes are to be expected in the future unless radical changes and reforms are made to the whole state edifice imposed on Iraqis from 2003.
Diversity of Internal Sensory Neuron Axon Projection Patterns Is Controlled by the POU-Domain Protein Pdm3 inDrosophilaLarvae
Authors: Qian Cheng Sam , Kaplow Margarita , Lee Jennifer K. , Grueber Wesley B. 
Published: January 2018

Internal sensory neurons innervate body organs and provide information about internal state to the CNS to maintain physiological homeostasis. Despite their conservation across species, the anatomy, circuitry, and development of internal sensory systems are still relatively poorly understood. A largely unstudied population of larvalDrosophilasensory neurons, termed tracheal dendrite (td) neurons, innervate internal respiratory organs and may serve as a model for understanding the sensing of internal states. Here, we characterize the peripheral anatomy, central axon projection, and diversity of td sensory neurons. We provide evidence for prominent expression of specific gustatory receptor genes in distinct populations of td neurons, suggesting novel chemosensory functions. We identify two anatomically distinct classes of td neurons. The axons of one class project to the subesophageal zone (SEZ) in the brain, whereas the other terminates in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). We identify expression and a developmental role of the POU-homeodomain transcription factor Pdm3 in regulating the axon extension and terminal targeting of SEZ-projecting td neurons. Remarkably, ectopic Pdm3 expression is alone sufficient to switch VNC-targeting axons to SEZ targets, and to induce the formation of putative synapses in these ectopic target zones. Our data thus define distinct classes of td neurons, and identify a molecular factor that contributes to diversification of axon targeting. These results introduce a tractable model to elucidate molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying sensory processing of internal body status and physiological homeostasis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow interoceptive sensory circuits develop, including how sensory neurons diversify and target distinct central regions, is still poorly understood, despite the importance of these sensory systems for maintaining physiological homeostasis. Here, we characterize classes ofDrosophilainternal sensory neurons (td neurons) and uncover diverse axonal projections and expression of chemosensory receptor genes. We categorize td neurons into two classes based on dichotomous axon target regions, and identify the expression and role of the transcription factor Pdm3 in mediating td axon targeting to one of these target regions. Our results provide an entry point into studying internal sensory circuit development and function, and establish Pdm3 as a regulator of interoceptive axon targeting.
A Perfect Match Genomic Landscape Provides a Unified Framework for the Precise Detection of Variation in Natural and Synthetic Haploid Genomes
Authors: Palacios-Flores Kim , García-Sotelo Jair , Castillo Alejandra , Uribe Carina , Aguilar Luis , Morales Lucía , Gómez-Romero Laura , Reyes José , Garciarubio Alejandro , Boege Margareta , Dávila Guillermo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAt the heart of genomics lies the precise determination of an organism’s DNA sequence. Palacios-Flores et al. present a simple, sensitive, precise, and essentially non-statistical solution for generating genome-wide variation profiles and refining reference genomes...We present a conceptually simple, sensitive, precise, and essentially nonstatistical solution for the analysis of genome variation in haploid organisms. The generation of a Perfect Match Genomic Landscape (PMGL), which computes intergenome identity with single nucleotide resolution, reveals signatures of variation wherever a query genome differs from a reference genome. Such signatures encode the precise location of different types of variants, including single nucleotide variants, deletions, insertions, and amplifications, effectively introducing the concept of a general signature of variation. The precise nature of variants is then resolved through the generation of targeted alignments between specific sets of sequence reads and known regions of the reference genome. Thus, the perfect match logic decouples the identification of the location of variants from the characterization of their nature, providing a unified framework for the detection of genome variation. We assessed the performance of the PMGL strategy via simulation experiments. We determined the variation profiles of natural genomes and of a synthetic chromosome, both in the context of haploid yeast strains. Our approach uncovered variants that have previously escaped detection. Moreover, our strategy is ideally suited for further refining high-quality reference genomes. The source codes for the automated PMGL pipeline have been deposited in a public repository.
PENGELOLAAN IKAN HAMPAL (Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) DI DANAU RANAU, SUMATERA SELATAN DAN LAMPUNG
Authors: Makmur Safran , Muthmainnah Dina , Subagdja Subagdja 
Published: January 2018

Pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan perikanan harus memperhatikan aspek konservasi agar sumberdaya hayati yang ada didalamnya seperti ikan dapat tetap lestari. Danau Ranau merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam yang potensial menghasilkan ikan yang telah lama dimanfaatkan masyarakat nelayan setempat sebagai sumber kehidupan. Ikan hampal (Hampala macrolepidota, Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) mempunyai peran atau fungsi ekonomis dan ekologis di perairan Danau Ranau. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2013 di perairan Danau Ranau Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dan Kabupaten Lampung Barat Provinsi Lampung. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan konsep pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau. Penelitian mengintegrasikan secara menyeluruh aspek lingkungan perairan, biologi ikan, penangkapan dan dinamika populasi ikan hampal. Pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau dapat dilakuan melalui: 1) pengelolaan habitat, 2) pengelolaan populasi dan 3) pengelolaan penangkapan. Pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau dapat dilakukan sebelum populasi ikan tersebut menurun sehingga dapat tetap lestari. Merekomendasikan konsep pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau kepada Pemerintah Daerah Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung untuk dituangkan dalam Peraturan Daerah.Utilization and water management have to consider the aspect of conservation therefore biological resources such as fish can be preserved. Ranau Lake is one of the potential natural resources to produce fish that has long been used by local fishing communities as a source of lifehood. Hampal barb (Hampala macrolepidota, Kuhl & Van Hasselt in 1823) has economically and ecologically role or function in Ranau Lake. This study was conducted in 2013 in Ranau Lake, South OKU Regency, South Sumatera Province and West Lampung Regency,Lampung Province. The aim of research was to obtain a concept of management of hampal barb in Ranau Lake. The management of hampal in Ranau Lake could be attempted through the integration study of environmental aspects, fish biology, capture fishery and fish population dynamic data. It can be done prior to the fish population decline in order to maintain their stable population. Recommending the concept of hampal barb management in Ranau Lake to South Sumatra and Lampung Government for consideration of developing a local government regulation.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) DI WADUK GAJAH MUNGKUR JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Utomo Agus Djoko , Aida Siti Nurul 
Published: January 2018

Ikan Patin tebaran (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) di Waduk Gajah Mungkur dapat berkembang biak dengan baik. Pada tahun 2011 produksi hasil tangkapan mencapai 377 ton. Secara ekologi, kondisi perairan Waduk Gajah Mungkur sesuai untuk perkembangbiakan ikan patin karena banyak tersedia pakan alami, terdapat daerah pemijahan terutama di inlet Keduang dan Wiroko, serta tersedia daerah suaka perikanan di sekitar area keramba jaring apung (KJA) milik PT. Aquafarm. Pada awal tahun 2012 terjadi pelanggaran penangkapan ikan di suaka perikanan secara besar-besaran hingga sekarang. Kondisi ini berdampak terhadap produksi perikanan tangkap ikan patin di Waduk Gajah Mungkur yang menurun tajam. Beberapa upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk memulihkan sumberdaya ikan patin di Waduk Gajah Mungkur diantaranya yaitu pengembalian fungsi suaka perikanan yang berada di area KJA milik PT. Aquafarm, mengoptimalkan pengelolaan berbasis kearifan lokal yang didukung oleh aspek hukum, dan melakukan penebaran ikan patin di Suaka Perikanan.Fish introduction of Stipped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir can grow and breed well. In 2011, the catch productions of this fish reached 377 tones. Ecologically, water conditions of the reservoir is suitable for breeding of Stripped Catfish because of abundance natural food, a suitable spawning area, especially at the inlets of Keduang and Wiroko, and available of fiheries protection area around the location of floating net cages (KJA) owned by PT. Aquafarm. In early 2012, there were massively fishing violation in the fishery conserved area until now. This condition has an impact on fisheries production of Stripped Catfish at Gajah Mungkur Reservoir which declined sharply. Some effort needs to be done to restore the resources of Stripped Catfish in Gajah Mungkur Reservoir such as to restore the function of fisheries reserved area located in the floating net cages (KJA) owned by PT. Aquafarm, optimize local local wisdom-based management supported by legal aspects, and stocking Stripped Catfish in the fisheries reserve.
Detección postmortem de una nueva sustancia psicoactiva DOC en humor vítreo
Authors: Mariño-Gaviria Diana Jazmín 
Published: January 2018

Introducción. El 2,5-dimetoxi-4-cloroanfetamina (DOC) es una nueva sustancia psicoactiva (NPS) derivado de la feniletilamina con actividad agonista a los receptores 5-HT y con propiedades alucinógenas y estimulantes similares al LSD y a las anfetaminas. Se ha asociado el DOC con intoxicaciones graves y muertes.
Materiales y métodos. Las muestras provenientes de la autopsia se analizaron mediante inmunoensayo, cromatografía de gases y líquida con espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) (LC-ESI-MS/MS).
Historia del caso. El occiso es un joven de 17 años de edad quién después de aplicarse una estampilla en el ojo pensando que era LSD convulsionó en varias ocasiones y murió.
Resultados y discusión. Los hallazgos toxicológicos fueron los siguientes: sangre cardiaca, sangre de vaso periférico, contenido gástrico, orina y en humor vítreo no se detectó LSD ni metabolitos, anfetaminas, 2CB, benzodiazepinas, fenotiazinas, antidepresivos tricíclicos, ni otros depresores. En orina se confirmó la detección de cannabinoides. En humor vítreo se detectó DOC.
Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos con la metodología analítica y la técnica LC-ESI-MS/MS son satisfactorios en términos de la identificación espectral de la estructura molecular del DOC y permite evidenciar el empleo de ésta nueva sustancia psicoativa en jóvenes con fines recreativos. Nuestro aporte es contribuir con el primer caso documentado mediante el análisis toxicológico postmortem del DOC en Colombia. La socialización de nuevos hallazgos toxicológicos es esencial no sólo en la mejora del conocimiento sino también en la sensibilización entre la comunidad forense respecto a las nuevas sustancias psicoactivas como es el grupo de feniletilaminas entre otras.