bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress symptoms, pain, and disability 12 months after traumatic injury
Authors: Giummarra Melita J. , Casey Sara L. , Devlin Anna , Ioannou Liane J. , Gibson Stephen J. , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie , Jennings Paul A. , Cameron Peter A. , Ponsford Jennie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic pain is common after traumatic injury and frequently co-occurs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptoms (PTSS).

Objectives:
This study sought to understand the association between probable PTSD, PTSS, and pain.

Methods:
Four hundred thirty-three participants were recruited from the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry and Victorian State Trauma Registry and completed outcome measures. Participants were predominantly male (n = 324, 74.8%) and aged 17-75 years at the time of their injury (M = 44.83 years, SD = 14.16). Participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Brief Pain Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, EQ-5D-3L and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire 12 months after hospitalization for traumatic injury. Data were linked with injury and hospital admission data from the trauma registries.

Results:
Those who reported having current problems with pain were 3 times more likely to have probable PTSD than those without pain. Canonical correlation showed that pain outcomes (pain severity, interference, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and disability) were associated with all PTSSs, but especially symptoms of cognition and affect, hyperarousal, and avoidance. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, on the contrary, were predominantly associated with high catastrophizing and low self-efficacy. When controlling for demographics, pain and injury severity, depression, and self-efficacy explained the greatest proportion of the total relationship between PTSS and pain-related disability.

Conclusion:
Persons with both PTSS and chronic pain after injury may need tailored interventions to overcome fear-related beliefs and to increase their perception that they can engage in everyday activities, despite their pain.
Face Graft Scaffold Production in a Rat Model
Authors: Duisit Jérôme , Amiel Hadrien , Orlando Giuseppe , Dedriche Adeline , Behets Catherine , Gianello Pierre , Lengelé Benoît 
Published: September 2017

Background:
As a route toward face bioengineering, the authors previously reported the production of a complete scaffold by perfusion-decellularization of a porcine ear subunit graft and partial recellularization. To extend the scaffold to the whole face and to down-scale it, they applied their findings to a rodent hemifacial graft model.

Methods:
After the animals were killed, seven full-thickness rat hemiface grafts were harvested with the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein as a pedicle, and cannulated. Grafts were decellularized by a detergent-based protocol: either by perfusion through the common carotid artery, or by mechanical agitation. After decellularization, samples were analyzed for DNA quantification and histology by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, Sirius red, or Safranin O staining. Vascular tree patency was assessed by microangiographic computed tomography after contrast injection. Cell-friendly extracellular matrix was assessed by seeding of human adipose-derived stem cells and vital staining after 7 days of culture.

Results:
Decellularization was effective in both groups, with a cell clearance at all levels, with the exception of cartilage areas in the agitation-treated groups. Microscopic assessment found a well-preserved extracellular matrix in both groups. Vascular contrast was found in all regions of the scaffolds. After the animals were killed, seeded cells were found viable and well distributed on all scaffolds.

Conclusions:
The authors successfully decellularized face grafts in a rodent model, with a preserved vascular tree. Perfusion-decellularization led to better and faster results compared with mechanical agitation but is not mandatory in this model. The rat face is an interesting scaffold model for further recellularization studies, in the final goal of human face bioengineering.
Biological Properties and Therapeutic Value of Cryopreserved Fat Tissue
Authors: Mashiko Takanobu , Wu Szu-Hsien , Kanayama Koji , Asahi Rintaro , Shirado Takako , Mori Masanori , Sunaga Ataru , Sarukawa Shunji , Uda Hirokazu , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Fat grafting frequently requires multiple treatments and thus repeated liposuction to achieve treatment goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether cryopreservation of adipose tissue may facilitate future fat grafting.

Methods:
Lipoaspirates were harvested from six women and preserved using two cryopreservation methods: (1) simple cooling to −80°C (cryo-1); or (2) programmed cooling to −196°C (cryo-2). Fresh fat, cryo-1 fat, and cryo-2 fat were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo.

Results:
Immunohistochemistry of both types of cryopreserved adipose tissue revealed that most adipocytes were necrotic. The cell number and viability of stromal vascular fraction cells were significantly decreased in cryo-1 fat (1.7 × 105 cells, 42.6 percent viable) and cryo-2 fat (2.0 × 105 cells, 55.4 percent viable), compared with fresh fat (3.9 × 105 cells, 90.6 percent viable). Although adipose-derived stem cells were cultured successfully from all fats, functional adipose-derived stem cells from cryopreserved fats were much fewer, with comparable multilineage differentiating capacity. In vivo studies using human fat grafted into immunocompromised mice revealed that, 3 months after transplantation, all of the cryopreserved fats maintained their volume to some extent; however, the cryopreserved fats were mostly filled with dead tissue and produced significantly lower engraftment scores than fresh fat.

Conclusions:
Most adipocytes were killed in the process of cryopreservation and thawing. Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from cryopreserved fat, but the number of functional adipose-derived stem cells was very limited in both cryopreservation methods. After grafting, cryopreserved fat was retained as dead and fibrous tissue, suggesting a risk of clinical complications such as oil cysts.
Screening for DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorder: Diagnostic Accuracy of Self-Report Measures Within a Population Sample
Authors: Laferton Johannes A.C. , Stenzel Nikola M. , Rief Winfried , Klaus Kristina , Brähler Elmar , Mewes Ricarda 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
The new DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder was introduced to improve the diagnosis of persons experiencing what used to be called somatoform disorders. So far, it is unclear whether existing self-report measures are useful to detect the new somatic symptom disorder. This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of three self-report questionnaires that measure somatic complaints (15 item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-15]) and psychological features (7-item Whiteley Index [WI-7]; Scale for Assessing Illness Behavior [SAIB]), in detecting somatic symptom disorder.

Methods
A nationally representative general population survey was performed resulting in 250 participants (minimum age = 14 years. 12.8% participation rate). Assessment took place at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Individual and combined diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-15, WI-7, and SAIB in detecting somatic symptom disorder was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic.

Results
Diagnostic accuracy was adequate to good for each individual questionnaire (PHQ-15: AUC = 0.79, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73–0.85; WI-7: AUC = 0.76, p < .001, 95% CI = 0.69–0.83; SAIB: AUC = 0.77, p < .001, 95% CI = 0.71–0.83). Combining the PHQ-15 and the WI-7 slightly improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.82, p < .001, 95% CI = 0.77–0.88), as did the combination of all three questionnaires (AUC = 0.85, p < .001, 95% CI = 0.79–0.90).

Conclusions
The PHQ-15, WI-7, and SAIB are useful screening instruments to detect persons at risk for somatic symptom disorder, and a combination of these three instruments slightly improves diagnostic accuracy. Their use in routine care will lead to improved detection rates.
What, where and why: exploring fluorodeoxyglucose-PET's ability to localise and differentiate infection from cancer
Authors: Douglas Abby , Lau Eddie , Thursky Karin , Slavin Monica 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
To review the utility of FDG-PET imaging in detecting the cause of fever and infection in patients with cancer.

Recent findings
FDG-PET has been shown to have high sensitivity and accuracy for causes of neutropenic fever, leading to higher diagnostic certainty in this group. Recent advances in pathogen-specific labelling in PET to identify Aspergillus spp. and Yersinia spp. infections in mice, as well as differentiating between Gram-positive, Gram-negative and mycobacterial infections are promising.

Summary
Patients with cancer are vulnerable to infection and fever, and the causes of these are frequently unclear using conventional diagnostic methods leading to high morbidity and mortality, length of stay and costs of care. FDG-PET/CT, with its unique complementary functional and anatomical information as well as its whole-body imaging capability, has demonstrated use in detecting occult infection in immunocompromised patients, including invasive fungal and occult bacterial infections, as well as defining extent of infection. By demonstrating disease resolution following treatment and allowing earlier cessation of therapy, FDG-PET acts as a key tool for antimicrobial and antifungal stewardship. Limitations include at times poor differentiation between infection, malignancy and sterile inflammation, however, exciting new technologies specific to infectious pathogens may help alleviate that issue. Further prospective randomised research is needed to explore these benefits in a nonbiased fashion.
Evaluation of the Changes in the Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Emadian Razvadi Elham Sadat , Soheilifar Sepideh , Esmaeelinejad Mohammad , Naghdi Navid 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Orthognathic surgery can affect patients’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in quality of life during combined orthodontics-surgery treatment and effect of orthodontist-surgeon teamwork on final patient's satisfaction. Twenty-six orthognathic patients who were referred to oral and maxillofacial department of 3 hospitals in Tehran were included in the study. Orthognathic quality of life questionnaire (OQLQ) was given to patients 1 week before, 4 weeks and 4 months after surgery. Two self-designed forms were used for evaluating mood and comfort of patients 1 week before surgery and 4 days after surgery. Self-designed forms were given to the orthodontists and the maxillofacial surgeons to assess quality of teamwork and difficulty of the procedure. Twenty-four patients (15 females and 9 males) with the mean age of 22.62 ± 3.57 completed the study. Quality of life increased from 1 week before surgery to 4 months after surgery (P < 0.013) and the difference was statistically significant between OQLQ score at 1 week before surgery and that of 4 months postoperative. Esthetic and social domain showed significant changes during the studied period. Orthognathic quality of life questionnaire at 4 months postoperative was correlated with surgery difficulty and duration. It can be concluded that orthognathic surgery can improve quality of life, especially in esthetic and social aspects.
Treatment of Zenker’s Diverticulum With Endoscopic Stapled Esophago-divertisculostomy (ESD): Analysis of Long-term Outcome
Authors: Mazza Michele , Bergamini Alberto N. , Parise Paolo , Cossu Andrea , Adamenko Olga , Elmore Ugo , Rosati Riccardo 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Endoscopic Zenker diverticulum (ZD) treatment has become quite common because of the low complication rates, reduced procedure time, and shorter hospital stay. Many endoscopic treatments are available including the endoscopic stapled esophago-diverticulostomy (ESD). Many data regarding ESD are available on the short-term outcomes, but few on the long-term ones.

Materials and Methods:
From March 1998 to July 2016, 126 patients with ZD were candidate for ESD. Since 2009, 2 stay sutures were routinely positioned at the lateral edges of the septum using Medtronic Endostitch 10 mm suturing device. Demographic and perioperative data, symptoms, and surgical outcomes were recorded. Long-term ESD results were analyzed. An extra-analysis on the surgical outcome was performed comparing patients treated with or without stay sutures.

Results:
In total, 117 patients successfully underwent ESD. The mean age was 69.9 years with a male predominance. Intraoperative complications occurred in 6.8% of cases. Only 2.6% of the patients reported postoperative complications. For the long-term analysis, we were able to contact 92 patients for a mean period follow-up of 65.3 months. At 6-month outpatient visit 77.68% of patients were completely asymptomatic. In total, 22.3% of the patients needed an extratreatment due to incomplete section of the septum, reaching a success rate of 95.5%. The long-term resolution rate remained high (91.3%). The use of stay sutures did not statistically influence the operative time (22.8 vs. 26.7 min, P=0.070), nor intraoperative and postoperative complication rate, but a statistically significant higher complete resolution rate of symptoms with a single session of ESD was observed respect those treated without (87.3% vs. 65.3%, respectively).

Conclusions:
ESD is a safe and effective treatment of ZD and it can control symptoms even in a long-term follow-up. In our experience, the use of stay sutures placed with Endostitch increases short and long-term results reducing the need for further treatments.
Revisiting the concept of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a multisystems disorder of limited phenotypic expression
Authors: Strong Michael J. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
The current review will examine the contemporary evidence that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a syndrome in which the unifying feature is a progressive loss of upper and lower motor neuron function.

Recent findings
Although ALS is traditionally viewed as a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor neurons, there is considerable phenotypic heterogeneity and widespread involvement of the central nervous system. A broad range of both causative and disease modifying genetic variants are associated with both sporadic and familial forms of ALS. A significant proportion of ALS patients have an associated frontotemporal dysfunction which can be a harbinger of a significantly shorter survival and for which there is increasing evidence of a fundamental disruption of tau metabolism in those affected individuals. Although the traditional neuropathology of the degenerating motor neurons in ALS is that of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions composed neuronal intermediate filaments, the presence of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions composed of RNA binding proteins suggests a key role for RNA dysmetabolism in the pathogenesis of ALS.

Summary
ALS is a complex multisystem neurodegenerative syndrome with marked heterogeneity at not only the level of clinical expression, but also etiologically.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: time for diagnostic biomarkers and biotherapies?
Authors: Royer-Perron Louis , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Alentorn Agusti 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare cancer with a somber prognosis in older patients, which it affects predominantly. Only in recent years have molecular alterations characterizing PCNSL been thoroughly described. This opens possibilities for the use of targeted therapies. Developments in imaging and biomarkers have also great potential to help clinicians faced with diagnostic and prognostic uncertainties.

Recent findings
Several biomarkers for PCNSL, such as different microRNAs, which could be tested in cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous fluid, and IL-10, which has been shown to have excellent sensitivity and specificity in the cerebrospinal fluid, have emerged in the last years. Methotrexate-based regimens remain the gold standard first-line treatment, with recent studies looking at the best adjunctive molecules to methotrexate, including rituximab, and at the role of autologous stem cell transplantation. As mutations leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B signaling are found in most PCNSLs, with mutations of MYD88 and CD79B particularly, ibrutinib is studied as molecule of great interest and encouraging results have been found in pilot studies. There is also great interest in the immunomodulatory drugs (lenalidomide) and immunotherapy (anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1).

Summary
Identification of molecular genetic and cytokine changes in tumor and liquid biopsies will have an increasing role in the diagnostic and follow-up of PCNSL but also in the treatment and management of the disease
Selective and mechanistic sources of recurrent rearrangements across the cancer genome
Authors: Wala Jeremiah A , Shapira Ofer , Li Yilong , Craft David , Schumacher Steven E , Imielinski Marcin , Haber James E , Roberts Nicola D , Yao Xiaotong , Stewart Chip , Zhang Cheng-Zhong , Tubio Jose , Ju Young Seok , Campbell Peter J , Weischenfeldt Joachim , Beroukhim Rameen ,   on behalf of the PCAWG-Structural Variation Working Group and the PCAWG Network.
Published: September 2017

AbstractCancer cells can acquire profound alterations to the structure of their genomes, including rearrangements that fuse distant DNA breakpoints. We analyze the distribution of somatic rearrangements across the cancer genome, using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,693 tumor-normal pairs. We observe substantial variation in the density of rearrangement breakpoints, with enrichment in open chromatin and sites with high densities of repetitive elements. After accounting for these patterns, we identify significantly recurrent breakpoints (SRBs) at 52 loci, including novel SRBs nearBRD4andAKR1C3. Taking into account both loci fused by a rearrangement, we observe different signatures resembling either single breaks followed by strand invasion or two separate breaks that become joined. Accounting for these signatures, we identify 90 pairs of loci that are significantly recurrently juxtaposed (SRJs). SRJs are primarily tumor-type specific and tend to involve genes with tissue-specific expression. SRJs were frequently associated with disruption of topology-associated domains, juxtaposition of enhancer elements, and increased expression of neighboring genes. Lastly, we find that the power to detect SRJs decreases for short rearrangements, and that reliable detection of all driver SRJs will require whole-genome sequencing data from an order of magnitude more cancer samples than currently available.
Single-molecule DNA unzipping reveals asymmetric modulation of a transcription factor by its binding site sequence and context
Authors: Rudnizky Sergei , Khamis Hadeel , Malik Omri , Squires Allison , Meller Amit , Melamed Philippa , Kaplan Ariel 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMost functional transcription factor (TF) binding sites deviate from their “consensus” recognition motif, although their sites and flanking sequences are often conserved across species. Here, we used single-molecule DNA unzipping with optical tweezers to study how Egr-1, a TF harbouring 3 zinc fingers (ZF1,ZF2 and ZF3), is modulated by the sequence and context of its functional sites in the Lhb gene promoter. We find that both the core 9 base pairs bound to Egr-1 in each of the sites, and the base pairs flanking them, modulate the affinity and structure of the protein-DNA complex. The effect of the flanking sequences is asymmetric, with a stronger effect for the sequence flanking ZF3. Characterization of the dissociation time of Egr-1 revealed that a local, mechanical perturbation of the interactions of ZF3 destabilizes the complex more effectively than a perturbation of the ZF1 interactions. Our results reveal a novel role for ZF3 in the interaction of Egr-1 with other proteins and the DNA, providing insight on the regulation of Lhb and other genes by Egr-1. Moreover, our findings reveal the potential of small changes in DNA sequence to alter transcriptional regulation, and may shed light on the organization of regulatory elements at promoters.
xenoGI: reconstructing the history of genomic island insertions in clades of closely related bacteria
Authors: Bush Eliot C , Clark Anne E , DeRanek Carissa A , Eng Alexander , Forman Juliet , Heath Kevin , Lee Alexander B , Stoebel Daniel M , Wang Zunyan , Wilber Matthew , Wu Helen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundGenomic islands play an important role in microbial genome evolution, providing a mechanism for strains to adapt to new ecological conditions. A variety of computational methods, both genome-composition based and comparative have been developed to identify them. Some of these methods are explicitly designed to work in single strains, while others make use of multiple strains. In general, existing methods do not identify islands in the context of the phylogeny in which they evolved. Even multiple strain approaches are best suited to identifying genomic islands that are present in one strain but absent in others. They do not automatically recognize islands which are shared between some strains in the clade or determine the branch on which these islands inserted within the phylogenetic tree.ResultsWe have developed a software package, xenoGI, that identifies genomic islands and maps their origin within a clade of closely related bacteria, determining which branch they inserted on. It takes as input a set of sequenced genomes and a tree specifying their phylogenetic relationships. Making heavy use of synteny information, the package builds gene families in a species-tree-aware way, and then attempts to combine into islands those families whose members are adjacent and whose most recent common ancestor is shared. The package provides a variety of text-based analysis functions, as well as the ability to export genomic islands into formats suitable for viewing in a genome browser. We demonstrate the capabilities of the package with several examples from enteric bacteria, including an examination of the evolution of the acid fitness island in the genus Escherichia. In addition we use output from simulations and a set of known genomic islands from the literature to show that xenoGI can accurately identify genomic islands and place them on a phylogenetic tree.ConclusionsxenoGI is an effective tool for studying the history of genomic island insertions in a clade of microbes. It identifies genomic islands, and determines which branch they inserted on within the phylogenetic tree for the clade. Such information is valuable because it helps us understand the adaptive path that has produced living species. Given the large and growing number of sequenced microbial genomes, this sort of analysis will become increasingly useful in the future.