bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape variables influence taxonomic and trait composition of insect assemblages in Neotropical savanna streams
Authors: de Castro Diego M. P. , Dolédec Sylvain , Callisto Marcos 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Stream invertebrate assemblages are structured by environmental factors acting at multiple spatial scales. Identifying the spatial scale that most influences the species–environment relationships is a major goal of community ecology.

We evaluated the importance of catchment and site scales and associated environmental variables in shaping Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in Neotropical savanna headwater streams.

Sampling sites were associated with 20 catchment‐scale variables that depicted land cover and land use as well as natural geophysical variables such as altitude and climate. Site‐scale habitat was characterised by 55 variables that described habitat hydromorphology, substrate, flow, canopy, in‐stream cover and water quality. EPT traits were assessed using 28 categories of 7 biological traits, which represented the best available current knowledge for EPT in Neotropical savanna streams.

We analysed the relationships between the catchment‐ and site‐scale habitat variables and the taxonomic and trait composition of insect assemblages using 1,760 samples collected in 160 stream sites.

Catchment‐ and site‐scale variables both explained significant variation in EPT taxon and trait composition. Substrate, habitat hydromorphology and land use most influenced variation in taxonomic composition, whereas trait composition was mainly affected by land use. Catchment geographic position explained less assemblage variation.

To our knowledge, this study is the first assessment of the impact of catchment‐ and site‐scale variables on the trait and taxon composition of stream insect assemblages in Neotropical savanna streams. It highlights the need for better regional biological knowledge of invertebrates to generate more general trait‐based approaches in freshwater ecosystem conservation.
Hydrologic and water quality impacts of biofuel feedstock production in the Ohio River Basin
Authors: Demissie Yonas , Yan Eugene , Wu May 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study addresses the uncertainties related to potential changes in land use and management and associated impacts on hydrology and water quality resulting from increased production of biofuel from the conventional and cellulosic feedstock. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to assess the impacts on regional and field scale evapotranspiration, soil moisture content, stream flow, sediment, and nutrient loadings in the Ohio River Basin. The model incorporates spatially and temporally detailed hydrologic, climate and agricultural practice data that are pertinent to simulate biofuel feedstock production, watershed hydrology and water quality. Three future biofuel production scenarios in the region were considered, including a feedstock projection from the DOE Billion‐Ton (BT2) Study, a change in corn rotations to continuous corn, and harvest of 50% corn stover. The impacts were evaluated on the basis of relative changes in hydrology and water quality from historical baseline and future business‐as‐usual conditions of the basin. The overall impact on water quality is an order of magnitude higher than the impact on hydrology. For all the three future scenarios, the sub‐basin results indicated an overall increase in annual evapotranspiration of up to 6%, a decrease in runoff up to 10% and minimal change in soil moisture. The sediment and phosphorous loading at both regional and field levels increased considerably (up to 40–90%) for all the biofuel feedstock scenario considered, while the nitrogen loading increased up to 45% in some regions under the BT2 Study scenario, decreased up to 10% when corn are grown continuously instead of in rotations, and changed minimally when 50% of the stover are harvested. Field level analyses revealed significant variability in hydrology and water quality impacts that can further be used to identify suitable locations for the feedstock productions without causing major impacts on water quantity and quality.
No detectable human herpesvirus‐8 oral shedding in seronegative‐healthy, immunocompetent individuals from non‐endemic regions for Kaposi's sarcoma: A pilot study
Authors: Tozetto‐Mendoza Tânia R. , Sumita Laura M. , Palmieri Michelle , Ornaghi Mariana , do Canto Alan M. , Braz‐Silva Paulo H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimSaliva can play an important role in human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8) transmission in endemic regions for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Little is known about HHV‐8 oral shedding in immunocompetent individuals from non‐endemic regions for KS.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of HHV‐8 salivary excretion among 59 healthy, immunocompetent individuals from São Paulo, Brazil, followed up weekly for 4 months, resulting in 16 saliva samples from each participant. Antibodies to HHV‐8 latency‐associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and lytic‐phase antigens were investigated with immunofluorescence assays (IFA). HHV‐8 DNA detection was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAll 59 individuals were seronegative to LANA and lytic antibodies. HHV‐8 DNA was undetectable in saliva samples in 100% of the participants, totaling 944 samples and being consistently negative during the different periods of sampling, which lasted approximately 120 days. No sequences of HHV‐8 DNA were detected in the saliva samples of healthy, immunocompetent adults by using real‐time PCR, with the resulting data being consistent with IFA‐based serological tests.ConclusionsUnlike other herpesviruses, HHV‐8 is not excreted in the saliva of healthy individuals from non‐endemic regions for KS.
Nurses' attitudes and knowledge regarding organ and tissue donation and transplantation in a provincial hospital: A descriptive and multivariate analysis
Authors: Lomero Maria del Mar , Jiménez‐Herrera María F. , Rasero Maria José , Sandiumenge Alberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe attitudes and knowledge of nursing personnel regarding organ and tissue donation can influence the decision to donate. This study aimed to determine these two factors among nurses at a district hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A survey was carried out using a 35 item questionnaire. Results were subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analyses using bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the relation between demographic data and attitudes toward donation. The completion rate was 68.2%, with 98.6% of those responding stating that they were in favor of organ donation. The respondents were unsure as to whether the criteria for inclusion in transplant waiting lists were appropriate (57.5%), whereas 72.2% agreed that brain death is equivalent to death. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between a positive attitude toward donation and working on permanent night shift no religious beliefs. Attitudes toward donation among nurses were generally positive; a negative attitude, although attitudes towards donation among the nurses participating in the study were generally positive, it should be pointed out that when a negative attitude does exist this affects significant aspects such as belief in the diagnosis of brain death or the criteria for inclusion on the waiting list, amongst others, which reflects that specific training in donation focused on nurses continues to be needed.
Delving within: the new science of the unconscious
Authors: Paulson Steve , Berlin Heather A. , Ginot Efrat , Makari George 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhat exactly is the relationship between conscious awareness and the unconscious mind? How, for example, does the brain classify and sort its different functions into conscious or unconscious processes? How has the history of human conceptualizations about the unconscious influenced current theories? Steve Paulson, executive producer of To the Best of Our Knowledge, moderated a discussion among neuroscientist Heather Berlin, psychologist Efrat Ginot, and psychiatrist George Makari to shed light on the history of the mind and the latest insights into the still emerging science of the unconscious.
Increased beta power in the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster: A paradoxical compensatory phenomenon? A two‐channel electroencephalography study
Authors: Jang Kuk‐In , Shim Miseon , Lee Sang Min , Huh Hyu Jung , Huh Seung , Joo Ji‐Young , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Chae Jeong‐Ho 
Published: June 2017

AimThe Sewol ferry capsizing accident on South Korea's southern coast resulted in the death of 304 people, and serious bereavement problems for their families. Electroencephalography (EEG) beta frequency is associated with psychiatric symptoms, such as insomnia. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between frontal beta power, psychological symptoms, and insomnia in the bereaved families.MethodsEighty‐four family members of the Sewol ferry victims (32 men and 52 women) were recruited and their EEG was compared with that of 25 (13 men and 12 women) healthy controls. A two‐channel EEG device was used to measure cortical activity in the frontal lobe. Symptom severity of insomnia, post‐traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and anxiety were evaluated.ResultsThe bereaved families showed a higher frontal beta power than healthy controls. Subgroup analysis showed that frontal beta power was lower in the individuals with severe insomnia than in those with normal sleep. There was a significant inverse correlation between frontal beta power and insomnia symptom in the bereaved families.ConclusionThis study suggests that increased beta power, reflecting the psychopathology in the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster, may be a compensatory mechanism that follows complex trauma. Frontal beta power could be a potential marker indicating the severity of sleep disturbances. Our results suggest that sleep disturbance is an important symptom in family members of the Sewol ferry disaster's victims, which may be screened by EEG beta power.
The process of family member marginalization: Turning points experienced by “black sheep”
Authors: DORRANCE HALL ELIZABETH 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFamily member marginalization, or feeling different, not included, or not approved of by family, is a chronically stressful interpersonal process with negative mental and physical health consequences. Framed by hurtful communication, this study took an interpretive approach to understanding the process of marginalization in families. Across 30 marginalized family members, 184 turning points were reported, which were organized into 22 event categories and 4 supracategories. Communication events included disclosures, ceasing contact, and deception, among others. The most commonly reported turning points were “normative” life events such as weddings and having children. Five trajectories captured the process of marginalization. Ambivalent events and a new way of understanding the underlying motivations behind turning points are forwarded, with implications for interpersonal process scholars.
Resistance status of cultivated potatoes to early blight (Alternaria solani) in Denmark
Authors: Abuley I. K. , Nielsen B. J. , Labouriau R. 
Published: June 2017

Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to classify the resistance level to early blight of the main potato cultivars in Denmark. A total of 38 cultivars were used. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. The potatoes were inoculated by spreading barley (Hordeum vulgare) kernels infested with Alternaria solani and A. alternata. Disease assessment was done at weekly intervals starting from the onset of the first symptoms. The disease progress curves (DPC) of early blight on the cultivars were compared to that of Bintje. A multivariate analysis was performed with the apparent infection rate, the relative area under the disease progress curve, the time to reach 50% severity, the daily defoliation, the disease severity in the middle of the epidemic and the duration of the epidemic to classify the resistance level of the cultivars. The analysis of the DPC of the cultivars showed that none of the cultivars was completely resistant to early blight. However, the epidemic development differed between the different cultivars. The resistance levels of the cultivars were thus classified into classes I, II, III and IV interpreted as ‘very susceptible’, ‘susceptible’, ‘moderately slow blighting’ and ‘slow blighting’, respectively. All the late maturity cultivars were classified as class IV, and the earlier maturing cultivars were either class I or class II.
Effectiveness of self-administered decision aids for people invited to participate in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Larsen Mette Bach , Gabel Pernille , Andersen Berit 
Published: June 2017

Review question/objective:
: The objective is to assess the effectiveness of self-administered decision aids for people invited to participate in colorectal cancer screening. We will evaluate effects on informed choice, decisional conflict, knowledge, and participation in colorectal cancer screening.
Comparative efficacy of lifestyle intervention strategies on weight outcomes in people with psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Mucheru Doreen W. , Hanlon Mary-Claire , McEvoy Mark , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley 
Published: June 2017

Review question/objective:
(i) To systematically review and rank the efficacy of different types of lifestyle intervention strategies on weight outcomes (weight, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) in people with psychosis. (The efficacy of different types of lifestyle intervention strategies will be ranked by comparing the effect size on weight outcomes in people with psychotic disorders.) (ii) To stratify lifestyle interventions that target weight outcomes (weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) in people with psychosis, according to their inclusion of dietary information that adheres with Australian Dietary Guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council. Eat for Health, Australian Dietary Guidelines Canberra National Health and Medical Research Council; 2013).
Specifically, the review question is: What lifestyle intervention strategies targeting weight outcomes (weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) in people with psychosis compared to no treatment or various control conditions have the best efficacy?
Identifying predictors of change in the severity of untreated lower urinary tract symptoms in men: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Harley Simon J.D. , Wittert Gary , Brook Nicholas R. , Secombe Paul , Campbell Jared , Lockwood Craig 
Published: June 2017

Review objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the predictors of change in the severity of untreated lower urinary tract symptoms in men in a non-hospital setting.
Effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation on work participation in adults with musculoskeletal disorders: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Alexander Lyndsay , Cooper Kay , Mitchell Dawn , MacLean Colin 
Published: June 2017

Review question/objective:
: The objective of this umbrella review is to determine the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation on work participation in working age adults with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). More specifically the review will address the following questions:Is vocational rehabilitation effective in improving work participation and reducing sickness absence and disability due to MSDs in working age adults?Which types/modes of vocational rehabilitation are the most effective in improving work participation and reducing sickness absence and disability due to MSDs in working age adults?For which MSD is vocational rehabilitation most beneficial?
Experiences of stigma among family members of persons living with schizophrenia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Maiocco Susan , Shelley Ellen , Salmond Susan , Jewell Sarah T. , Caldwell Barbara , Lieggi Michelle 
Published: June 2017

Review question/objective:
: The aim of this qualitative systematic review is to explicate the experiences of stigma among family members of persons living with schizophrenia in any setting where they receive care. More specifically, the review will: (i) describe the experiences of stigma among family members of persons living with schizophrenia, (ii) describe the factors that influence the experiences of stigma, and (iii) describe the strategies and approaches used to cope with the stigma.
Echocardiography as the first diagnostic clue to rapidly progressive systemic AL amyloidosis associated with multiple site thrombosis. A case report
Authors: Caloian Bogdan , Zdrenghea Dumitru , Man Sorin Claudiu , Costea Simona , Zdrenghea Mihnea , Pop Dana 
Published: June 2017

AL-amyloidosis is a rare, but complex disease, with a severe prognosis, cardiac involvement being found in half of the patients. The rapid increase of the LV wall thickness predicts an unfavorable evolution. We report the case of a 63-year-old man diagnosed with AL-amyloidosis, with cardiac involvement, associated with multiple site thrombosis. Specific echocardiographic methods like tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking provided crucial diagnostic and prognostic information.
In Vitro
Activity of the Siderophore Cephalosporin, Cefiderocol, against a Recent Collection of Clinically Relevant Gram-Negative Bacilli from North America and Europe, Including Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Isolates (SIDERO-WT-2014 Study)
Authors: Hackel Meredith A. , Tsuji Masakatsu , Yamano Yoshinori , Echols Roger , Karlowsky James A. , Sahm Daniel F. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Cefiderocol (formerly S-649266) is an investigational siderophore cephalosporin. Iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (ID-CAMHB) was prepared according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol and used to perform broth microdilution testing of cefiderocol against a 2014-2015 collection of clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from North America (
n
= 4,239) and Europe (
n
= 4,966). The concentrations of cefiderocol inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (MIC
90
s) were 0.5 μg/ml (North America;
n
= 3,007) and 1 μg/ml (Europe;
n
= 3,080) for all isolates of
Enterobacteriaceae
; 1 μg/ml (North America;
n
= 30) and 4 μg/ml (Europe;
n
= 139) for meropenem-nonsusceptible (MIC ≥ 2 μg/ml) isolates of
Enterobacteriaceae
; 0.5 μg/ml for both North American (
n
= 765) and European (
n
= 765) isolates of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
; 0.5 μg/ml (North America;
n
= 151) and 1 μg/ml (Europe;
n
= 202) for meropenem-nonsusceptible (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml) isolates of
P. aeruginosa
; 1 μg/ml for both North American (
n
= 309) and European (
n
= 839) isolates of all
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains as well as for both North American (
n
= 173) and European (
n
= 595) isolates of meropenem-nonsusceptible
A. baumannii
; and 0.5μg/ml (North America;
n
= 152) and 0.25 μg/ml (Europe;
n
= 276) for isolates of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
. MICs of cefiderocol were ≤4 μg/ml for 99.9% (6,078/6,087) of all
Enterobacteriaceae
, 97.0% (164/169) of meropenem-nonsusceptible
Enterobacteriaceae
, 99.9% (1,529/1,530) of all
P. aeruginosa
isolates, 100% (353/353) of meropenem-nonsusceptible
P. aeruginosa
isolates, 97.6% (1,120/1,148) of all
A. baumannii
isolates, 96.9% (744/768) of meropenem-nonsusceptible
A. baumannii
isolates, 100% of isolates of
S. maltophilia
(428/428) and 93.8% of isolates of
Burkholderia cepecia
(11/12). We conclude that cefiderocol demonstrated potent
in vitro
activity against a recent collection of clinical isolates of commonly encountered Gram-negative bacilli, including carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates.
Pharmacodynamics of Cefepime Combined with Tazobactam against Clinically Relevant Enterobacteriaceae in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Model
Authors: Melchers Maria J. , van Mil Anita C. , Lagarde Claudia , den Hartigh Jan , Mouton Johan W. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The lack of new antibiotics has prompted investigation of the combination of two existing agents—cefepime, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and tazobactam—to broaden their efficacy against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
. We determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the combination in a murine neutropenic thigh model in order to establish its exposure-response relationships (ERRs). The PK of cefepime were determined for five doses; that of tazobactam was determined in earlier studies (Melchers et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:3373–3376, 2015,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04402-14
). The PK were linear for both compounds. The estimated mean (standard deviation [SD]) half-life of cefepime was 0.33 (0.12) h, and that of tazobactam was 0.176 (0.026) h; the volumes of distribution (
V
) were 0.73 liters/kg and 1.14 liters/kg, respectively. PD studies of cefepime administered every 2 h (q2h) with or without tazobactam, including dose fractionation studies of tazobactam, were performed against six ESBL-producing isolates. A sigmoidal maximum-effect (
E
max
) model was fitted to the data. In the dose fractionation study, the q2h regimen was more efficacious than the q4h and q6h regimens, indicating time-dependent activity of tazobactam. The threshold concentration (

C
T

) best correlating with tazobactam efficacy was 0.25 mg/liter, as evidenced by the best fit of the percentage of time above the threshold concentration (%
fT
>

C
T

) and response. A mean %
fT
>

C
T

of 24.6% (range, 11.4 to 36.3%) for a

C
T

of 0.25 mg/liter was required to obtain a bacteriostatic effect. We conclude that tazobactam enhanced the effect of cefepime in otherwise resistant isolates of
Enterobacteriaceae
and that the %
fT
>

C
T

of 0.25 mg/liter best correlated with efficacy. These studies provide the basis for the development of human dosing regimens for this combination.
Genome Evolution to Penicillin Resistance in Serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae by Capsular Switching
Authors: Chiba Naoko , Murayama Somay Y. , Morozumi Miyuki , Iwata Satoshi , Ubukata Kimiko 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
isolates of serotype 3 were collected from cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (
n
= 124) throughout Japan between April 2010 and March 2013. A penicillin-resistant
S. pneumoniae
(PRSP) isolate from an adult patient, strain KK0981 of serotype 3, was identified among these strains. Whole-genome analysis characterized this PRSP as a recombinant strain derived from PRSP of serotype 23F with the
cps
locus (20.3 kb) replaced by that of a penicillin-susceptible strain of serotype 3.