bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of cerebral vasospasm with self-expandable retrievable stents: proof of concept
Authors: Bhogal Pervinder , Loh Yince , Brouwer Patrick , Andersson Tommy , Söderman Michael 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo report our preliminary experience with the use of stent retrievers to cause vasodilation in patients with delayed cerebral vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage.MethodsFour patients from two different high volume neurointerventional centers developed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition to standard techniques for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm, we used commercially available stent retrievers (Solitaire and Capture stent retrievers) to treat the vasospastic segment including M2, M1, A2, and A1. We evaluated the safety of this technique, degree of vasodilation, and longevity of the effect.ResultsStent retrievers can be used to safely achieve cerebral vasodilation in the setting of delayed cerebral vasospasm. The effect is long-lasting (>24 hours) and, in our initial experience, carries a low morbidity. We have not experienced any complications using this technique although we have noted that the radial force was not sufficient to cause vasodilation in some instances. The vasospasm did not return in the vessel segments treated with stent angioplasty in any of these cases. In two of our cases stent angioplasty resulted in the reversal of focal neurological symptoms.ConclusionsStent retrievers can provide long-lasting cerebral vasodilation in patients with delayed cerebral vasospasm.
Can a surgeon drill accurately at a specified angle?
Authors: Brioschi Valentina , Cook Jodie , Arthurs Gareth I 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate whether a surgeon can drill accurately a specified angle and whether surgeon experience, task repetition, drill bit size and perceived difficulty influence drilling angle accuracy.MethodsThe sample population consisted of final‐year students (n=25), non‐specialist veterinarians (n=22) and board‐certified orthopaedic surgeons (n=8).Each participant drilled a hole twice in a horizontal oak plank at 30°, 45°, 60°, 80°, 85° and 90° angles with either a 2.5 or a 3.5 mm drill bit. Participants then rated the perceived difficulty to drill each angle. The true angle of each hole was measured using a digital goniometer.ResultsGreater drilling accuracy was achieved at angles closer to 90°. An error of ≤±4° was achieved by 84.5 per cent of participants drilling a 90° angle compared with approximately 20 per cent of participants drilling a 30–45° angle. There was no effect of surgeon experience, task repetition or drill bit size on the mean error for intended versus achieved angle. Increased perception of difficulty was associated with the more acute angles and decreased accuracy, but not experience level.Clinical significanceThis study shows that surgeon ability to drill accurately (within ±4° error) is limited, particularly at angles ≤60°. In situations where drill angle is critical, use of computer‐assisted navigation or custom‐made drill guides may be preferable.
Anatomy of a mixed-influence shelf edge delta, Karoo Basin, South Africa
Authors: Gomis-Cartesio Luz E. , Poyatos-Moré Miquel , Flint Stephen S. , Hodgson David M. , Brunt Rufus L. , Wickens Henry DeV. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The position and process regime of paralic systems relative to the shelf edge rollover is a major control on sediment transfer into deep water. The depositional strike and dip variability of an exhumed Permian shelf edge succession has been studied in the Paardeberg Ridge, Karoo Basin. Siltstone-rich slope turbidites are overlain by 25–75 m-thick prodelta parasequences. These are truncated by a 30 m-thick sandstone-prone unit of tabular or convex-topped sandstones, interpreted as wave-modified mouth bars, cut by multiple irregular concave-upwards erosive surfaces overlain by sandstones, interpreted as distributary channels. The stratigraphic context, lithofacies and architecture are consistent with a mixed-influence shelf edge delta; the erosional base to the unit marks a basinwards shift in facies, consistent with a sequence boundary. Channels become thicker, wider, more erosive and incise into deeper-water facies downdip and correlate with sandstone-rich upper slope turbidites, all of which support the bypass of sand across the rollover. The overall progradational stacking pattern results in a stratigraphic decrease in channel dimensions. The results of this study suggest a predictable relationship between channel geometry, facies and position on the shelf-to-slope profile under a mixed wave and fluvial process regime.
Combined Scheduling of Time-Triggered Plans and Priority Scheduled Task Sets
Authors: Real Jorge , Sáez Sergio , Crespo Alfons 
Published: July 2016

Preemptive, priority-based scheduling on the one hand, and time-triggered scheduling on the other, are the two major techniques in use for development of real-time and embedded software. Both have their advantages and drawbacks with respect to the other, and are commonly adopted in mutual exclusion.
In a previous paper, we proposed a software architecture that enables the combined and controlled execution of time-triggered plans and priority-scheduled tasks. The goal was to take advantage of the best of both approaches by providing deterministic, jitter-controlled execution of time-triggered tasks (e.g., control tasks), coexisting with a set of priority-scheduled tasks, with less demanding jitter requirements.
In this paper, we briey describe the approach, in which the time-triggered plan is executed at the highest priority level, controlled by scheduling decisions taken only at particular points in time, signalled by recurrent timing events. The rest of priority levels are used by a set of concurrent tasks scheduled by static or dynamic priorities. We also discuss several open issues such as schedulability analysis, use of the approach in multiprocessor architectures, usability in mixed-criticality systems and needed changes to make this approach Ravenscar compliant.
Luchino Visconti entre a câmara e o palco
Authors: Porru Mauro 
Published: July 2016

Trata-se de uma leitura interdisciplinar da poliédrica produção artística de Luchino Visconti, com o objetivo de demonstrar a atualidade de suas obras. Entre os inúmeros recortes possíveis, optou-se por destacar apenas as explícitas relações cinema/teatro e suas recíprocas influências. Além disso, buscou-se ressaltar o importante papel desempenhado pelo diretor milanês no processo de inovação do cinema e do teatro italianos.
Spazi mentali: rileggere L´Infinito
Authors: Facchetti Sergio 
Published: July 2016

O ensaio quer ser un exercício de leitura cognitiva do texto poético, i.e., das operações e representações mentais que atuamos lendo um texto poético. O foco é sobre o uso do demonstrativo italiano questo (este) na poesia L´Infinito de Giacomo Leopardi. "Questo", dêictico na linguagem comum, tem um status ambíguo entre anáfora e dêixis no texto poético. "Questo", junto com a metáfora "questo mare" nesse poema, é, ao mesmo tempo, anáfora = referimento ao dito e identificação de um referente novo. L´infinito é lido com o auxílio da teoria dos espaços mentais de Fauconnier e Turner, segundo a qual a metáfora é o resultado da fusão (blending) entre dois espaços mentais. Em L´Infinito é representada uma mise en abyme, uma ficção na ficção, um espaço no espaço. A criação de um novo espaço mental, identificado pela metáfora questo mare, tema desse poema, é assim modelo e metáfora da criação poética e do ato da transferência no mundo imaginário do texto atuado pelo leitor.
Saper osservare la pubblicita’ come documento interculturale
Authors: Pavan Elisabetta 
Published: July 2016

A publicidade veicula a língua, os gostos, a mentalidade, asnecessidades, as atitudes, os valores, em resumo, ‘a cultura’ de um país.Neste ensaio são fornecidos indicações e instrumentos de observação, além de alguns exemplos de análises, relacionados à representação da cultura italiana em mensagens publicitárias. Ponto de partida será orientarna ‘leitura’ da publicidade, esclarecendo que ela constitui um material autêntico e que representa o recorte de um País, referente ao momento em que a mensagem é produzida e veiculada pelos diferentes meios de comunicação de massa. Uma publicidade analisada adequadamente pode darindicações importantes sobre o contexto sociocultural da cultura que é objeto de estudo e análise.
Le varietà del repertorio linguistico e l’insegnamento dell’italiano come lingua straniera
Authors: Torquato Carolina Pizzolo 
Published: July 2016

O italiano apresenta uma ampla gama de variação do seurepertório linguístico que, como se sabe, não se limita à simples distinção entre língua e dialeto (ou língua e dialetos). Pode-se afirmar que a peculiar história da língua italiana produziu uma verdadeira multiplicidade de repertórios linguísticos, de forma que não existe um único repertórioválido para todos os italianos: até mesmo o, assim chamado, “italiano standard” (ou “neo-standard”) não é senão uma variante entre tantas outras que compõem a complexa arquitetura do italiano contemporâneo.Conhecer o quadro dessas variantes linguísticas, aprender a distinguilas e a usá-las nos diferentes contextos situacionais, faz parte da competência comunicativa de um falante nativo ou estrangeiro.
Os imigrantes italianos em São Paulo, na perspectiva de Alcântara Machado
Authors: Oliveira Vera Lúcia De 
Published: July 2016

O livro Brás, Bexiga e Barra Funda, de Alcântara Machado, publicado em 1927, focaliza a vida de alguns bairros populares de São Paulo (indicados no título da obra), povoados por imigrantes italianos. É este mundo que o autor narrará às vêzes com simpatia, às vezes com ironia destacada revelando, de forma clara ou nas entrelinhas, os esteoreótipos em voga naquele momento sobre a figura do italiano recém -chegado, por vezes ainda ignorante da língua e das tradições, mas desejosos de galgar rapidamente os degraus da escala social, de conquistar um lugar na nova sociedade de adoção. A nossa é uma tentativa de leitura desse embate cultural entre os imigrantes e a comunidade nacional, embate filtrado nos contos que surpreendem- com extraordinária vivacidade - o quotidiano dos bairros populares de São Paulo, precisamente no momento em que os vários grupos de imigrantes estão vivendo o processo de integração e assimilação cultural.
Inhibiting GPIbα Shedding Preserves Post-Transfusion Recovery and Hemostatic Function of Platelets After Prolonged Storage
Authors: Chen Wenchun , Liang Xin , Syed Anum K. , Jessup Paula , Church William R. , Ware Jerry , Josephson Cassandra D. , Li Renhao 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
The platelet storage lesion accelerates platelet clearance after transfusion, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Although inhibiting sheddase activity hampers clearance of platelets with storage lesion, the target platelet protein responsible for ectodomain shedding–induced clearance is not definitively identified. Monoclonal antibody 5G6 was developed recently to bind specifically human platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP)Ibα and inhibit its shedding but not shedding of other receptors. Here, the role of GPIbα shedding in platelet clearance after transfusion was addressed.

Approach and Results—
Both human leukoreduced apheresis-derived platelets and transgenic mouse platelets expressing human GPIbα were stored at room temperature in the presence and absence of 5G6 Fab fragment. At various time points, aliquots of stored platelets were analyzed and compared. 5G6 Fab inhibited GPIbα shedding in both platelets during storage and preserved higher level of GPIbα on the platelet surface. Compared with age-matched control platelets, 5G6 Fab–stored platelets exhibited similar levels of platelet activation, degranulation, and agonist-induced aggregation. 5G6 Fab–stored human GPIbα platelets exhibited significantly higher post-transfusion recovery and in vivo hemostatic function in recipient mice than control platelets. Consistently, 5G6 Fab–stored, 8-day-old human platelets produced similar improvement in post-transfusion recovery in immunodeficient mice and in ex vivo thrombus formation over collagen under shear flow.

Conclusions—
Specific inhibition of GPIbα shedding in the stored platelets improves post-transfusion platelet recovery and hemostatic function, providing clear evidence for GPIbα shedding as a cause of platelet clearance. These results suggest that specific inhibition of GPIbα shedding may be used to optimize platelet storage conditions.
Loss of Transcription Factor CREBH Accelerates Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in
Ldlr

−/−

Mice
Authors: Park Jong-Gil , Xu Xu , Cho Sungyun , Lee Ann-Hwee 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
Liver-enriched transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH) regulates plasma triglyceride clearance by inducing lipoprotein lipase cofactors, such as apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV), apoA-V, and apoC-II. CREBH also regulates apoA-I transcription. This study aims to determine whether CREBH has a role in lipoprotein metabolism and development of atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

CREBH-deficient
Creb3l3

−/−

mice were bred with
Ldlr

−/−

mice creating
Ldlr

−/−

Creb3l3

−/−

double knockout mice. Mice were fed on a high-fat and high-sucrose Western diet for 20 weeks. We showed that CREBH deletion in
Ldlr

−/−

mice increased very low–density lipoprotein–associated triglyceride and cholesterol levels, consistent with the impairment of lipoprotein lipase–mediated triglyceride clearance in these mice. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased in CREBH-deficient mice, which was associated with decreased production of apoA-I from the liver. The results indicate that CREBH directly activated
Apoa1
gene transcription. Accompanied by the worsened atherogenic lipid profile,
Ldlr

−/−

Creb3l3

−/−

mice developed significantly more atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas than
Ldlr

−/−

mice.

Conclusions—
We identified CREBH as an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism and suggest that increasing hepatic CREBH activity may be a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Mice Expressing Low Levels of CalDAG-GEFI Exhibit Markedly Impaired Platelet Activation With Minor Impact on Hemostasis
Authors: Piatt Raymond , Paul David S. , Lee Robert H. , McKenzie Steven E. , Parise Leslie V. , Cowley Dale O. , Cooley Brian C. , Bergmeier Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
The tight regulation of platelet adhesiveness, mediated by the αIIbβ3 integrin, is critical for hemostasis and prevention of thrombosis. We recently demonstrated that integrin affinity in platelets is controlled by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, CalDAG-GEFI (CD-GEFI), and its target, RAP1. In this study, we investigated whether low-level expression of CD-GEFI leads to protection from thrombosis without pathological bleeding in mice.

Approach and Results—

Cdg1

low

mice were generated by knockin of human CD-GEFI cDNA into the mouse
Cdg1
locus. CD-GEFI expression in platelets from
Cdg1

low

mice was reduced by ≈90% when compared with controls. Activation of RAP1 and αIIbβ3 was abolished at low agonist concentrations and partially inhibited at high agonist concentrations in
Cdg1

low

platelets. Consistently, the aggregation response of
Cdg1

low

platelets was weaker than that of wild-type platelets, but more efficient than that observed in
Cdg1

−/−

platelets. Importantly,
Cdg1

low

mice were strongly protected from arterial and immune complex–mediated thrombosis, with only minimal impact on primary hemostasis.

Conclusions—
Together, our studies suggest the partial inhibition of CD-GEFI function as a powerful new approach to safely prevent thrombotic complications.
Mendelian Randomization Studies Do Not Support a Role for Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manousaki Despoina , Mokry Lauren E. , Ross Stephanie , Goltzman David , Richards J. Brent 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Observational studies support a possible association between decreased vitamin D levels and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD); however, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal. We aimed to evaluate whether genetically lowered vitamin D levels influence the risk of CAD using a Mendelian randomization approach.

Methods and Results—

In this 2-stage Mendelian randomization study, we first identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in the SUNLIGHT consortium (n=33 996), then tested them for possible violation of Mendelian randomization assumptions. A count of risk alleles was tested for association with 25OHD levels in a separate cohort (n=2347). Alleles were weighted by their relative effect on 25OHD and tested for their combined effect on CAD in the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) study (22 233 cases/64 762 controls). Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified to be associated with 25OHD levels, all in or near genes implicated in 25OHD synthesis, transport or metabolism. A count of these risk alleles was strongly associated with 25OHD (n=2347,
F
-test statistic=49.7,
P
=2×10
−12
). None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 25OHD levels were associated with CAD (all
P
values >0.6). The Mendelian randomization odds ratio (OR) for CAD was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.17;
P
=0.93;
I
2
=0) per SD decrease in log-transformed 25OHD levels. These results persisted after sensitivity analyses for population stratification and pleiotropy.

Conclusions—
Genetically lowered 25OHD levels were not associated with increased risk of CAD in a large, well-powered study, suggesting that previous associations between circulating 25OHD levels and CAD are possibly confounded or due to reverse causation.
Recurrent Ischemic Lesions After Acute Atherothrombotic Stroke
Authors: Hong Keun-Sik , Lee Seung-Hoon , Kim Eung Gyu , Cho Ki-Hyun , Chang Dae Il , Rha Joung-Ho , Bae Hee-Joon , Lee Kyung Bok , Kim Dong Eog , Park Jong-Moo , Kim Hahn-Young , Cha Jae-Kwan , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Yong-Seok , Lee Soo Joo , Choi Jay Chol , Cho Yong-Jin , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Sohn Sung-Il , Park Kwang-Yeol , Kang Dong-Wha , Sohn Chul-Ho , Lee Jun , Yoon Byung-Woo 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
In patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis, clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone might be more effective to prevent recurrent cerebral ischemia. However, there is no clear evidence.

Methods—
In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomized 358 patients with acute ischemic stroke of presumed large artery atherosclerosis origin within 48 hours of onset to clopidogrel (75 mg/d without loading dose) plus aspirin (300-mg loading followed by 100 mg/d) or to aspirin alone (300-mg loading followed by 100 mg/d) for 30 days. The primary outcome was new symptomatic or asymptomatic ischemic lesion on magnetic resonance imaging within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were 30-day functional disability, clinical stroke recurrence, and composite of major vascular events. Safety outcome was any bleeding.

Results—

Of 358 patients enrolled, 334 (167 in each group) completed follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. The 30-day new ischemic lesion recurrence rate was comparable between the clopidogrel plus aspirin and the aspirin monotherapy groups (36.5% versus 35.9%; relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.35;
P
=0.91). Of the recurrent ischemic lesions, 94.2% were clinically asymptomatic. There were no differences in secondary outcomes between the 2 groups. Any bleeding were more frequent in the combination group than in the aspirin monotherapy group, but the difference was not significant (16.7% versus 10.7%;
P
=0.11). One hemorrhagic stroke occurred in the clopidogrel plus aspirin group.

Conclusions—
Clopidogrel plus aspirin might not be superior to aspirin alone for preventing new ischemic lesion and clinical vascular events in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00814268.
Unintentional and Intentional Recognition Rely on Dissociable Neurocognitive Mechanisms
Authors: Bergström Zara M. , Williams David G. , Bhula Mariam , Sharma Dinkar 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Distractibility can lead to accidents and academic failures as well as memory problems. Recent evidence suggests that intentional recognition memory can be biased by unintentional recognition of distracting stimuli in the same environment. It is unknown whether unintentional and intentional recognition depend on the same underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. We assessed whether human participants' recognition of previously seen (old) or not seen (new) target stimuli was affected by whether a to-be-ignored distractor was old or new. ERPs were recorded to investigate the neural correlates of this bias. The results showed that the old/new status of salient distractors had a biasing effect on target recognition accuracy. Both intentional and unintentional recognition elicited early ERP effects that are thought to reflect relatively automatic memory processes. However, only intentional recognition elicited the later ERP marker of conscious recollection, consistent with previous suggestions that recollection is under voluntary control. In contrast, unintentional recognition was associated with an enhanced late posterior negativity, which may reflect monitoring or evaluation of memory signals. The findings suggest that unintentional and intentional recognition involve dissociable memory processes.
Lectotypification of three names in the genus Henckelia Spreng. (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: JANEESHA A.P. , NAMPY SANTHOSH 
Published: July 2016

The genus Henckelia Sprengel (1817: 402) was re-established by Weber & Burtt (1997), with approximately 180 species, to include most of the Malesian, Sri Lankan and south Indian species of Didymocarpus Wallich (1819: 378). Weber et al. (2011) and Middleton et al. (2013) based on molecular data redefined the genus and included only 56 species. Subsequently three more species were added to the genus, H. pradeepiana Nampy, Manudev & Weber in Manudev et al. (2012: 119), H. sivagiriensis (Rajakumar et al. 2009: 481) Kumar (2014: 149) and H. bracteata Janeesha & Nampy (2015: 53) while Middleton et al. (2015) transferred H. smitinandii ( Burtt 2001: 89) Middleton & Möller in Weber et al. (2011: 776) to the genus Chayamaritia Middleton & Möller (2015: 1961). At present the genus includes 58 species distributed in Sri Lanka, southern and northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, northern Vietnam, northern Laos and northern Thailand.
A Simple Analytical Model of the Diurnal Ekman Layer
Authors: Wenegrat Jacob O. , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effects of time-varying turbulent viscosity on horizontal currents in the ocean surface boundary layer are considered using a simple, theoretical model that can be solved analytically. This model reproduces major aspects of the near-surface ocean diurnal cycle in velocity and shear, while retaining direct parallels to the steady-state Ekman solution. The parameter dependence of the solution is explored, and quantitative measures of the low-frequency rectification of velocity and shear are derived. Results demonstrate that time variability in eddy viscosity leads to significant changes to the time-averaged velocity and shear fields, with important implications for the interpretation of observations and modeling of the near-surface ocean. These findings mirror those of more complete numerical modeling studies, suggesting that some of the rectification mechanisms active in those studies may be independent of the details of the boundary layer turbulence.