bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the cause of the eastern equatorial Atlantic cold event in 2009
Authors: Burmeister Kristin , Brandt Peter , Lübbecke Joke F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn extreme cold sea surface temperature event occurred in the Atlantic cold tongue region in boreal summer 2009. It was preceded by a strong negative Atlantic meridional mode event associated with north‐westerly wind anomalies along the equator from March to May. Although classical equatorial wave dynamics suggest that westerly wind anomalies should be followed by a warming in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, an abrupt cooling took place. In the literature two mechanisms—meridional advection of subsurface temperature anomalies and planetary wave reflection—are discussed as potential causes of such an event. Here, for the first time we use in situ measurements in addition to satellite and reanalysis products to investigate the contribution of both mechanisms to the 2009 cold event. Our results suggest that meridional advection is less important in cold events than in corresponding warm events, and, in particular, did not cause the 2009 cold event. Argo float data confirm previous findings that planetary wave reflection contributed to the onset of the 2009 cold event. Additionally, our analysis suggests that higher baroclinic modes were involved.
Patterns of morphological integration in the dental arches of individuals with malocclusion
Authors: Miller Steven F. , Vela Kaci C. , Levy Steven M. , Southard Thomas E. , Gratton David G. , Moreno Uribe Lina M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesIn humans, there is a large range of variation in the form of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. This variation can manifest as either prognathism or retrognathism in either or both arches, which can cause malocclusion and lead to abnormal masticatory function. This study aims to identify aspects of variation and morphological integration existing in the dental arches of individuals with different types of malocclusion.MethodsCoordinate landmark data were collected along the gingival margins of 397 scanned dental casts and then analyzed using geometric morphometric techniques to explore arch form variation and patterns of morphological integration within each malocclusion type.ResultsSignificant differences were identified between Class II forms (increased projection of upper arch relative to the lower arch) and Class III forms (lower arch projection beyond the upper arch) in symmetrical shape variation, including anteroposterior arch discrepancies and abnormal anterior arch divergence or convergence. Partial least squares analysis demonstrated that Class III dental arches have higher levels of covariance between upper and lower arches (RV = 0.91) compared to the dental arches of Class II (RV = 0.78) and Class I (RV = 0.73). These high levels of covariance, however, are on the lower end of the overall range of possible masticatory blocks, indicating weaker than expected levels of integration.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for patterns of variation in dental arch shape found in individuals with Class II and Class III malocclusions. Moreover, differences in integration found between malocclusion types have ramifications for how such conditions should be studied and treated. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:879–889, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic analysis of novel Alu insertion polymorphisms in selected indian populations
Authors: Laybourn Susie , Akam Elizabeth Claire , Cox Nick , Singh Puneetpal , Mastana Sarabjit S. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesIndian subpopulations (Chenchu, Koya, and Lobana Sikh) were analyzed at the genetic level for 12 Alu polymorphisms. These markers were then utilized to establish levels of genetic identity between the Indian populations and more widely between the Indian populations and a European population.MethodsPreviously collected blood samples were extracted using the phenol‐chloroform method. The samples were utilized as templates for PCR using Alu specific primers and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence and absence of the approximately 300 bp insertions. Allele frequencies were calculated by the gene counting method and were tested for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, heterozygosities, inbreeding coefficient, and GST to assess the level of genetic differentiation.ResultsAll of the Alu loci were polymorphic in the three Indian populations studied and their average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.294 (Lobana Sikh) to 0.357 (Koya). Allele and genotype frequency variation at the 2b, 9a, and ACE loci led to statistically significant pairwise differences among the three study populations. Overall population heterogeneity was observed for 7 out of 12 Alu polymorphisms.ConclusionThe overall results show that these Indian samples, though displaying significant genetic variation and differences among themselves, form an Indian cluster, which as expected, is distinct from the European sample (Russian). As Alus are easily analyzed and quantified by standard and cost‐effective methodologies, this finding further reinforces their utility as effective population genetic markers. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:941–944, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism in growth in the relative length of the forearm and relative knee height during adolescence
Authors: Nowak‐Szczepanska Natalia , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere are numerous studies concerning sexual dimorphism in body proportions, but only a few have investigated growth in the relative length of particular segments of the upper and lower limbs during adolescence. The aim of the study is an assessment of sex differences of longitudinal growth in the relative length of the forearm and knee height among adolescents. Sample involved 121 boys and 111 girls, participants of the Wroclaw Growth Study, examined annually between 8 and 18 years of age. Sexual dimorphism in six ratios: forearm length and knee height relatively to: trunk, height, and limb length were analyzed using a two‐way analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The sex and age relative to an estimate of maturity timing (3 years before, and after age class at peak height velocity [PHV]) were independent variables. All of the ratios showed significant sex differences in interaction with age relative to age at PHV. The relative length of the forearm, in boys, did not change significantly with the years relative to age at PHV, whereas in girls, was the lowest in the two first age classes and afterward significantly increased just 1 year before and during the adolescent growth spurt, remaining unchanged in further age classes. For relative knee height no clear pattern for sex differences was noticed. It is proposed that relatively longer forearms, particularly in relation to the trunk in girls, could have evolved as an adaptation to more efficient infant carrying and protection during breastfeeding.
Formation of Self‐Templated 2,6‐Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine [2]Catenanes by Triazolyl Hydrogen Bonding: Selective Anion Hosts for Phosphate
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Blasco Salvador , Aletti Anna B. , Hessman Gary , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the remarkable ability of 2,6‐bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (btp) compounds 2 with appended olefin amide arms to self‐template the formation of interlocked [2]catenane structures 3 in up to 50 % yield when subjected to olefin ring‐closing metathesis in CH2Cl2. X‐ray diffraction crystallography enabled the structural characterization of both the [2]catenane 3 a and the non‐interlocked macrocycle 4 a. These [2]catenanes showed selective triazolyl hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the tetrahedral phosphate anion when screened against a range of ions; 3 a,b are the first examples of selective [2]catenane hosts for phosphate.
An Aurivillius Oxide Based Cathode with Excellent CO2 Tolerance for Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhu Yinlong , Zhou Wei , Chen Yubo , Shao Zongping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Aurivillius oxide Bi2Sr2Nb2MnO12−δ (BSNM) was used as a cobalt‐free cathode for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs). To the best of our knowledge, the BSNM oxide is the only alkaline‐earth‐containing cathode material with complete CO2 tolerance that has been reported thus far. BSNM not only shows favorable activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at intermediate temperatures but also exhibits a low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent structural stability, and good chemical compatibility with the electrolyte. These features highlight the potential of the new BSNM material as a highly promising cathode material for IT‐SOFCs.
Dizinc Lactide Polymerization Catalysts: Hyperactivity by Control of Ligand Conformation and Metallic Cooperativity
Authors: Thevenon Arnaud , Romain Charles , Bennington Michael S. , White Andrew J. P. , Davidson Hannah J. , Brooker Sally , Williams Charlotte K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how to moderate and improve catalytic activity is critical to improving degradable polymer production. Here, di‐ and monozinc catalysts, coordinated by bis(imino)diphenylamido ligands, show remarkable activities and allow determination of the factors controlling performance. In most cases, the dizinc catalysts significantly out‐perform the monozinc analogs. Further, for the best dizinc catalyst, the ligand conformation controls activity: the catalyst with “folded” ligand conformation shows turnover frequency (TOF) values up to 60 000 h−1 (0.1 mol % loading, 298 K, [LA]=1 m), whilst that with a “planar” conformation is much slower, under similar conditions (TOF=30 h−1). Dizinc catalysts also perform very well under immortal conditions, showing improved control, and are able to tolerate loadings as low as 0.002 mol % whilst conserving high activity (TOF=12 500 h−1).
Analysis of Rocky Mountain mesoscale convective system initiation location clusters in the Arkansas‐Red River Basin
Authors: Callen Elisabeth , Tucker Donna F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the largest precipitation producers in terms of total accumulated precipitation and are, therefore, the focus of this study. For this analysis, the MCSs forming within the Rocky Mountain portion of the Arkansas‐Red River Basin were studied in April through September in 1996–2006. Once variables favourable for the initiation were determined, statistical analyses were performed on the variables. Presented are the general results of an analysis of the multiple linear regressions and principal component analyses showing that in each area where MCSs initiate, the most favourable conditions for initiation are unique.
PyMOL mControl: Manipulating molecular visualization with mobile devices
Authors: Lam Wendy W. T. , Siu Shirley W. I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractViewing and manipulating three‐dimensional (3D) structures in molecular graphics software are essential tasks for researchers and students to understand the functions of molecules. Currently, the way to manipulate a 3D molecular object is mainly based on mouse‐and‐keyboard control that is usually difficult and tedious to learn. While gesture‐based and touch‐based interactions are increasingly popular in interactive software systems, their suitability in handling molecular graphics has not yet been sufficiently explored. Here, we designed the gesture‐based and touch‐based interaction methods to manipulate virtual objects in PyMOL utilizing the motion and touch sensors in a mobile device. Three fundamental viewing controls–zooming, translation and rotation–and frequently used functions were implemented. Results from a pilot user study reveal that task performances on viewing controls using a mobile device are slightly reduced as compared to mouse‐and‐keyboard method. However, it is considered to be more suitable for oral presentations and equally suitable for education scenarios such as school classes. Overall, PyMOL mControl provides an alternative way to manipulate objects in molecular graphic software with new user experiences. The software is freely available at http://cbbio.cis.umac.mo/mcontrol.html. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(1):76–83, 2017.
Of responsible research—Exploring the science‐society dialogue in undergraduate training within the life sciences
Authors: Almeida Maria Strecht , Quintanilha Alexandre 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe explore the integration of societal issues in undergraduate training within the life sciences. Skills in thinking about science, scientific knowledge production and the place of science in society are crucial in the context of the idea of responsible research and innovation. This idea became institutionalized and it is currently well‐present in the scientific agenda. Developing abilities in this regard seems particularly relevant to training in the life sciences, as new developments in this area somehow evoke the involvement of all of us citizens, our engagement to debate and take part in processes of change. The present analysis draws from the implementation of a curricular unit focused on science‐society dialogue, an optional course included in the Biochemistry Degree study plan offered at the University of Porto. This curricular unit was designed to be mostly an exploratory activity for the students, enabling them to undertake in‐depth study in areas/topics of their specific interest. Mapping topics from students' final papers provided a means of analysis and became a useful tool in the exploratory collaborative construction of the course. We discuss both the relevance and the opportunity of thinking and questioning the science‐society dialogue. As part of undergraduate training, this pedagogical practice was deemed successful. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(1):46–52, 2017.
Diagnosis of congenital von Willebrand disease during a preoperative assessment in a multiple myeloma patient without bleeding history
Authors: El Ouaaliti Malika , Li Rong , Gobin Delphine , Bron Dominique , Cantinieaux Brigitte 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageWe report a rare case of type 2M von Willebrand disease diagnosed in an elderly multiple myeloma patient who had no personal and family bleeding history. This case report emphasis the importance to not systematically exclude a congenital vWD in adult patients when coagulation screening tests indicate toward a vWD.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Indoles using Aryl Formates as Bifunctional Reagents: A Route to Indol‐3‐yl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Gu Li‐Jun , Wang Yu‐Shen , Zhang Hong‐Tao , Tang Huai‐Jun , Li Gan‐Peng , Yuan Ming‐Long 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation of indoles for the synthesis of indol‐3‐yl aryl ketones under CO‐free conditions was developed. The reaction showed a broad substrate scope with moderate to excellent yields.
Modulation of the Physicochemical Properties of Donor–Spiro–Acceptor Derivatives through Donor Unit Planarisation: Phenylacridine versus Indoloacridine—New Hosts for Green and Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (PhOLEDs)
Authors: Thiery Sébastien , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Jeannin Olivier , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Poriel Cyril 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis work reports a detailed structure–property relationship study of a series of efficient host materials based on the donor–spiro–acceptor (D‐spiro‐A) design for green and sky‐blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The electronic and physical effects of the indoloacridine (IA) fragment connected through a spiro bridge to different acceptor units, namely, fluorene, dioxothioxanthene or diazafluorene moiety, have been investigated in depth. The resulting host materials have been easily synthesised through short, efficient, low‐cost, and highly adaptable synthetic routes by using common intermediates. The dyes possess a very high triplet energy (ET) and tuneable HOMO/LUMO levels, depending on the strength of the donor/acceptor combination. The peculiar electrochemical and optical properties of the IA moiety have been investigated though a fine comparison with their phenylacridine counterparts to study the influence of planarisation. Finally, these molecules have been incorporated as hosts in green and sky‐blue PhOLEDs. For the derivative SIA‐TXO2 as a host, external quantum efficiencies as high as 23 and 14 % have been obtained for green and sky‐blue PhOLEDs, respectively.
TheFoxb1‐expressing neurons of the ventrolateral hypothalamic parvafox nucleus project to defensive circuits
Authors: Bilella Alessandro , Alvarez‐Bolado Gonzalo , Celio Marco R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe parvafox nucleus is an elongated structure that is lodged within the ventrolateral hypothalamus and lies along the optic tract. It comprises axially located parvalbumin (Parv)‐positive neurons and a peripheral cuff ofFoxb1‐expressing ones. In the present study, injections of Cre‐dependent adenoviral constructs were targeted to the ventrolateral hypothalamus ofFoxb1/Cremice to label specifically and map the efferent connections of theFoxb1‐expressing subpopulation of neurons of the parvafox nucleus. These neurons project more widely than do the Parv‐positive ones and implicate a part of the axons known to emanate from the lateral hypothalamus. High labeling densities were found in the dorsolateral and the upper lateral portion of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the Su3 and PV2 nuclei of the ventrolateral PAG, the cuneiform nucleus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, and the superior colliculus. Intermediate densities of terminals were encountered in the septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, various thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, pedunculopontine nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, retrofacial nucleus, and retroambigual nucleus. Scattered terminals were observed in the olfactory bulbs, the prefrontal cortex and the lamina X of the cervical spinal cord. Because the terminals were demonstrated to express the glutamate transporter VGlut2, the projections are presumed to be excitatory. A common denominator of the main target sites of theFoxb1‐positive axons of the parvafox nucleus appears to be an involvement in the defensive reactions to life‐threatening situations. The hypothalamic parvafox nucleus may contribute to the autonomic manifestations that accompany the expression of emotions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2955–2981, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunocytochemical organization and sour taste activation in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract of mice
Authors: Stratford Jennifer M. , Thompson John A. , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSensory inputs from the oropharynx terminate in both the trigeminal brainstem complex and the rostral part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS). Taste information is conveyed via the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, while general mucosal innervation is carried by the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves. In contrast, the caudal nTS receives general visceral information largely from the vagus nerve. Although the caudal nTS shows clear morphological and molecularly delimited subdivisions, the rostral part does not. Thus, linking taste‐induced patterns of activity to morphological subdivisions in the nTS is challenging. To test whether molecularly defined features of the rostral nTS correlate with patterns of taste‐induced activity, we combined immunohistochemistry for markers of various visceral afferent and efferent systems with c‐Fos–based activity maps generated by stimulation with a sour tastant, 30 mM citric acid. We further dissociated taste‐related activity from activity arising from acid‐sensitive general mucosal innervation by comparing acid‐evoked c‐Fos in wild‐type and “taste blind” P2X2/P2X3 double knockout (P2X‐dbl KO) mice. In wild‐type mice, citric acid stimulation evoked significant c‐Fos activation in the central part of the rostral nTS—activity that was largely absent in the P2X‐dbl KO mice. P2X‐dbl KO mice, like wild‐type mice, did exhibit acid‐induced c‐Fos activity in the dorsomedial trigeminal brainstem nucleus situated laterally adjacent to the rostral nTS. This dorsomedial nucleus also showed substantial innervation by trigeminal nerve fibers immunoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), a marker for polymodal nociceptors, suggesting that trigeminal general mucosal innervation carries information about acids in the oral cavity. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:271–290, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dopamine, Neurochemical Processes, and Oxygen Toxicity at Pressure
Authors: Rostain Jean‐Claude , Lavoute Cécile 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAll mammals, including man, exposed to breathing gas mixtures at high pressures exhibit central nervous system disturbances, which differ according to the gas used. With the use of compressed air, the increased oxygen partial pressure induces hyperoxic disturbances that consist of epileptic seizures that occur, on average, after 30 min exposure to 2.8 ATA in man or to 5 ATA in rats. Increased oxygen partial pressure induces reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production that could be related to neurotransmitter changes reported for the preepileptic phase or at pressures that produce epileptic seizures. In rats, oxygen pressures lower than 5 ATA induce a decrease of dopamine release in the stratum that could be due to disturbances of neurotransmitter regulatory processes that are different from those implicated for hyperbaric oxygen‐induced epileptic seizures. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:1339‐1344, 2016.
Thyroid Hormone and Cardioprotection
Authors: Gerdes Anthony Martin , Ojamaa Kaie 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe heart is a major target of thyroid hormones, with maintenance of euthyroid hormone balance critical for proper function. In particular, chronic low thyroid function can eventually lead to dilated heart failure with impaired coronary blood flow. New evidence also suggests that heart diseases trigger a reduction in cardiac tissue thyroid hormone levels, a condition that may not be detectible using serum hormone assays. Many animal and clinical studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of low thyroid function in heart diseases with worse outcomes from this condition. Animal and human studies have also demonstrated many benefits from thyroid hormone treatment of heart diseases, particularly heart failure. Nonetheless, this potential treatment has not yet translated to patients due to a number of important concerns. The most serious concern involves the potential of accidental overdose leading to increased arrhythmias and sudden death. Several important clinical studies, which actually used excessive doses of thyroid hormone analogs, have played a major role in convincing the medical community that thyroid hormones are simply too dangerous to be considered for treatment in cardiac patients. Nonetheless, this issue has not gone away due primarily to overwhelmingly positive evidence for treatment benefits and a new understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying those benefits. This review will first discuss the clinical evidence for the use of thyroid hormones as a cardioprotective agent and then provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying beneficial changes from thyroid hormone treatment of heart diseases. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:1199‐1219, 2016.