bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aripiprazole in treatment of disability in social, professional and family life in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Zivkovic N. , Djokic G. , Curcic D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEnhancement of overall functioning is one of most important goals in treatment of schizophrenia (SCH) patients.ObjectiveTo assess efficacy of aripiprazole in treatment of disability and impairment in social, professional and family life in SCH patients.MethodsThis study included 50 patients with SCH diagnosed by ICD-10 criteria, divided into H (Haloperidol, 5–20 mg/24 h) group (25 patients), and A (Aripiprazole, 10–30 mg/24 h) group (25 patients). Antipsychotics were tested for 12 months with Positive and Negative Symptom Schedule Scale (PANSS), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the number of withdrawals attributed to adverse event (AE).ResultsThe mean pretrial PANSS score was 103.6 in A and 105.3 in H group. The mean PANSS score after 12 months was 53.5 in A and 54.4 in H group. There were no significant statistical difference in PANSS pretrial scores and scores after 12 months between groups, P = 0.619; P = 0.364. There were significant statistical difference in PANSS score reduction after 12 months in both groups (P < 0.001). Aripiprazole improved all SDS scores in comparison to Haloperidol with high statistical significance. Work: A vs. H, P < 0.001; social life: A vs. H, P < 0.001; family life: A vs. H, P < 0.001; days lost: A vs. H, P = 0.012; days unproductive: A vs. H, P = 0.007; 8.0% AEs occurred in A, and 36.0% in H group.ConclusionsAripiprazole showed same efficacy as haloperidol in treatment of SCH. Aripiprazole showed significantly better efficacy in treatment of disability and impairment. Number of withdrawals was significantly higher in haloperidol group.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Motivations behind suicide attempts: A study in the ER of Maggiore hospital – Novara
Authors: Marangon D. , Gramaglia C. , Gattoni E. , Chiarelli Serra M. , Delicato C. , Di Marco S. , Venesia A. , Castello L. , Avanzi G.C. , Zeppegno P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA previous study, conducted in the province of Novara stated that, from an epidemiological and clinical point of view, being a female, being a migrant, as well as being in the warmer months of the year, or suffering from an untreated psychiatric disease are associated with suicide attempts. Literature suggests there is a positive relation between negative life events and suicidal behaviours. In this study, we intend to deepen knowledge, individuating motivations and meanings underlying suicidal behaviours. This appears a meaningful approach to integrate studies and initiatives in order to prevent suicide and suicidal behaviours.AimTo examine possible correlation between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and motivations underlying suicide attempts.MethodsPatients aged > 16 years admitted for attempted suicide in the Emergency Room of the AOU Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy, were studied retrospectively from the 1st January 2015 to the 31st December 2016. Each patient was assessed by an experienced psychiatrist with a clinical interview; socio-demographic and clinical features were gathered. Analysis were performed with SPSS.Results and discussionData collection are still ongoing; results and implications will be discussed. We expect to find different motivations in relation to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics [1,2].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Attempted suicide: Study of the phenomenon in a sample of patients in the province of Modena
Authors: Bisi L. , Bolondi M. , Mattei G. , Sacchetti A. , Ferrari S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAttempted suicide consists in a self-damaging non-fatal behaviour, with an explicit or implicit evidence of the intent to die. It has a multifactorial aetiology: presence of psychiatric disorder, particularly major depression and other non-psychiatric components, like a series of stressful events.AimTo describe suicidal behavior among patients who attempted suicide.MethodsCross-sectional study. Patients admitted to three hospitals in the Province of Modena (Italy) after having attempted suicide were enrolled. Observation time: August 2015–August 2016 (13 months). Descriptive statistics made with STATA 13.0.ResultsA total of 187 subjects (female 65%) were enrolled in the period of time considered. Forty-one percent were aged 45–64; 43.7% had higher education; 50.4% were unemployed; 49.6% had regular income. Common means to attempt suicide were drugs (64%), weapons (11%), precipitation (10%), other (6%), choking (4%). Recent stressful events were reported by the 83.4% of respondents, namely: family conflicts (29%), economic problems (17%), personal health problems (11%), health problems affecting a family member (5%), emotional separation (9%), job loss (7%), other (22%), alcohol abuse (27%), substance abuse (4%). The main psychiatric diagnoses were: depressive disorder (56.67%), personality disorder (20%), psychotic disorder (6.67%), bipolar disorder (5.33%), behavioural disorders (2.67%), anxiety disorders (2%), dementia (1.33%).ConclusionsFindings of the present study are consistent with available literature and could help to identify “high risk” groups to plan future targeted programmes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evolution and Progression of Spondylodiskitis: A Case Presentation
Authors: Emam Mohammed , Lee Donald , Syrkin Grigory , Lee Se Won 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPyogenic infection of the spinal column is a relatively rare condition. Spondylodiskitis is characterized by infection of the intervertebral disk and the adjacent vertebrae. Diagnosis is often delayed because the symptoms are often nonspecific and also because of the high incidence of nonspecific low back pain in the general population. We report the case of a 42‐year‐old woman who developed low back pain secondary to spondylodiskitis. Her diagnosis was delayed because of a lack of supporting findings on initial magnetic resonance imaging. The case highlights the clinical scenario in which maintaining a high index of suspicion may lead to follow‐up imaging and an accurate diagnosis.Level of EvidenceV
Properties of Paraspinal Muscles in Japanese High School Baseball Players With Terminal‐Stage Lumbar Spondylolysis
Authors: Tsuboi Hiroyuki , Nishimura Yukihide , Sakata Takeshi , Tanina Hideaki , Arakawa Hideki , Nakamura Takeshi , Umezu Yuichi , Tajima Fumihiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundLumbar spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis that is common in young athletes; the stress distribution at the pars interarticularis is the highest in extension and rotation movements. The paraspinal muscles play an important role in stabilization of the lumbar spine; however, no study has assessed the properties of paraspinal muscles in athletes with lumbar spondylolysis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the properties of paraspinal muscles in athletes with lumbar spondylolysis.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingLaboratory.ParticipantsSix high school baseball players with terminal‐stage lumbar spondylolysis and 11 high school baseball players without organic lumbar lesions of similar anthropometric characteristics.MethodsAll subjects performed the unsupported trunk holding test combined with surface electromyographic (EMG) power spectral analysis until exhaustion. The results of EMG power spectral analysis were compared between the spondylolysis and control groups.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe median frequency (MF) was computed from the raw EMG signal of the erector spinae and multifidus during trunk holding test using fast Fourier transform spectrum analysis. The initial MF and MF slope were calculated.ResultsNo significant differences in endurance time were found between the spondylolysis and control groups. The initial MF and the MF slopes of the erector spinae and multifidus were significantly lower in the spondylolysis group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe results suggest lower fast‐twitch motor unit recruitment in the erector spinae and multifidus of high school baseball players with terminal‐stage lumbar spondylolysis compared with the control.Level of EvidenceIV
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update
Authors: Terwilliger T , Abdul-Hay M 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults, with an incidence of over 6500 cases per year in the United States alone. The hallmark of ALL is chromosomal abnormalities and genetic alterations involved in differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. In adults, 75% of cases develop from precursors of the B-cell lineage, with the remainder of cases consisting of malignant T-cell precursors. Traditionally, risk stratification has been based on clinical factors such age, white blood cell count and response to chemotherapy; however, the identification of recurrent genetic alterations has helped refine individual prognosis and guide management. Despite advances in management, the backbone of therapy remains multi-agent chemotherapy with vincristine, corticosteroids and an anthracycline with allogeneic stem cell transplantation for eligible candidates. Elderly patients are often unable to tolerate such regimens and carry a particularly poor prognosis. Here, we review the major recent advances in the treatment of ALL.
The prognostic biomarker L-homoarginine is a substrate of the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1, CAT2A and CAT2B
Authors: Chafai Anja , Fromm Martin F. , König Jörg , Maas Renke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLow plasma concentration of L-homoarginine is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and total mortality. Experimental data indicate that supplementation of L-homoarginine may have protective effects. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake of L-homoarginine, which are little understood, so far. Using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines stably overexpressing the human cationic amino acid transporters CAT1 [solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A1)], CAT2A (SLC7A2A) or CAT2B (SLC7A2B) we assessed the transport kinetics of L-homoarginine and interactions with the CAT substrates L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Significant uptake of L-homoarginine was observed for all three CATs with apparent KM-values of 175 ± 7 µM for CAT1 and 523 ± 35 µM for CAT2B. Saturation of CAT2A-mediated L-homoarginine uptake could not be reached. Uptake of L-homoarginine by any of the three CATs could be inhibited by L-arginine and ADMA. Significant inhibition of CAT1-mediated uptake of L-homoarginine by L-arginine already occurred in the physiological concentration range. Taken together these data demonstrate that L-homoarginine is a substrate of CAT1, CAT2A and CAT2B and that CAT1 is a key site with regard to physiological relevance and interactions with related substrates such as L-arginine.
Prognostic cancer gene signatures share common regulatory motifs
Authors: Wang Ying , Goodison Steve , Li Xiaoman , Hu Haiyan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractScientists have discovered various prognostic gene signatures (GSs) in different cancer types. Surprisingly, although different GSs from the same cancer type can be used to measure similar biological characteristics, often rarely is there a gene shared by different GSs. To explain such a paradox, we hypothesized that GSs from the same cancer type may be regulated by common regulatory motifs. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a comprehensive motif analysis on the prognostic GSs from five cancer types. We demonstrated that GSs from individual cancer type as well as across cancer types share regulatory motifs. We also observed that transcription factors that likely bind to these shared motifs have prognostic functions in cancers. Moreover, 75% of the predicted cofactors of these transcription factors may have cancer-related functions and some cofactors even have prognostic functions. In addition, there exist common microRNAs that regulate different GSs from individual cancer types and across cancer types, several of which are prognostic biomarkers for the corresponding cancer types. Our study suggested the existence of common regulatory mechanisms shared by GSs from individual cancer types and across cancer types, which shed light on the discovery of new prognostic GSs in cancers and the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cancers.
Development of insect life tables: comparison of two demographic methods of Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on different hosts
Authors: Ning Shuoying , Zhang Wenchao , Sun Yan , Feng Jinian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we first construct an age-stage, two-sex life table for onion maggot, Delia antiqua, grown on three host plants: onion, scallion, and garlic. We found that onion is the optimal host for this species and populations grown on onion have maximum fecundity, longest adult longevity and reproduction period, and the shortest immature developmental time. In contrast, the fecundity on other hosts was lower, particularly on garlic, but these crops can also serve as important secondary hosts for this pest. These data will be useful to the growers to develop specific integrated management programs for each of hosts. We also compared the demographic analyses of using individually-reared and group-reared methods. These two methods provided similar accurate outcomes for estimating insect population dynamics for this species. However, for gregarious species, using the individually-reared method to construct insect life tables produces inaccurate results, and researchers must use group-reared method for life table calculations. When studying large groups of insect, group-reared demographic analysis for age-stage, two-sex life table can also simplify statistical analysis, save considerable labor, and reduce experimental errors.
The normal environment delays the development of multisensory integration
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Yu Liping , Rowland Benjamin A. , Stein Barry E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMultisensory neurons in animals whose cross-modal experiences are compromised during early life fail to develop the ability to integrate information across those senses. Consequently, they lack the ability to increase the physiological salience of the events that provide the convergent cross-modal inputs. The present study demonstrates that superior colliculus (SC) neurons in animals whose visual-auditory experience is compromised early in life by noise-rearing can develop visual-auditory multisensory integration capabilities rapidly when periodically exposed to a single set of visual-auditory stimuli in a controlled laboratory paradigm. However, they remain compromised if their experiences are limited to a normal housing environment. These observations seem counterintuitive given that multisensory integrative capabilities ordinarily develop during early life in normal environments, in which a wide variety of sensory stimuli facilitate the functional organization of complex neural circuits at multiple levels of the neuraxis. However, the very richness and inherent variability of sensory stimuli in normal environments will lead to a less regular coupling of any given set of cross-modal cues than does the otherwise “impoverished” laboratory exposure paradigm. That this poses no significant problem for the neonate, but does for the adult, indicates a maturational shift in the requirements for the development of multisensory integration capabilities.
Structural and functional insights into sorting nexin 5/6 interaction with bacterial effector IncE
Authors: Sun Qingxiang , Yong Xin , Sun Xiaodong , Yang Fan , Dai Zhonghua , Gong Yanqiu , Zhou Liming , Zhang Xia , Niu Dawen , Dai Lunzhi , Liu Jia-Jia , Jia Da 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe endosomal trafficking pathways are essential for many cellular activities. They are also important targets by many intracellular pathogens. Key regulators of the endosomal trafficking include the retromer complex and sorting nexins (SNXs). Chlamydia trachomatis effector protein IncE directly targets the retromer components SNX5 and SNX6 and suppresses retromer-mediated transport, but the exact mechanism has remained unclear. We present the crystal structure of the PX domain of SNX5 in complex with IncE, showing that IncE binds to a highly conserved hydrophobic groove of SNX5. The unique helical hairpin of SNX5/6 is essential for binding, explaining the specificity of SNX5/6 for IncE. The SNX5/6–IncE interaction is required for cellular localization of IncE and its inhibitory function. Mechanistically, IncE inhibits the association of CI-MPR cargo with retromer-containing endosomal subdomains. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of retromer-mediated transport and illustrates the intricate competition between host and pathogens in controlling cellular trafficking.
History and Evolution of Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Passos Gustavo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe surgical treatment for epilepsy has a worldwide historical relevance for centuries. There are archaeological reports that date it back to ancient Egypt; however, the year 1886 is considered a landmark in the surgical treatment for epilepsy in the Modern Age, when the first surgery for the treatment of focal epileptic events was performed successfully. Since then, innumerable related articles have been published evoluonarily. Over the last centuries, new techniques and technologies provided better understanding, diagnosis and management for this disease. Thus, historical and evolutionary knowledge becomes important to let us better understand the current position of the surgery for epilepsy treatment and control.
Incidence of Bacteriuria after Urodynamic Study with or without Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Women with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Hirakauva Elizabeth Yukie , Bianchi-Ferraro Ana Maria Homem de Mello , Zucchi Eliana Viana Monteiro , Kajikawa Marcio Massashi , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira , Jarmy-Di Bella Zsuzsanna Ilona Katalin de 
Published: June 2017

Introduction The presence of bacteria in urine is called bacteriuria, which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The manipulation of the urinary tract during urodynamic study (UDS), which is an invasive procedure, can result in urinary tract infection (UTI). Studies on the use of prophylactic antibiotics for UDSs are contradictory. Some investigators concluded that they were valuable and others did not. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis before UDS. This is a placebo-control randomized double-blind study.Methods Two-hundred and seventeen women affected by urinary incontinence were eligible for this study. All patients had presented negative urine culture previous to the UDS. They were randomized in four groups: group A received placebo, group B received 500 mg of levofloxacin, group C received 80 mg trimethoprim and 400 mg sulfamethoxazole and group D received 100 mg of nitrofurantoin. A urine culture was performed 14 days after the UDS.Results We observed asymptomatic bacteriuria after the UDS in five patients in group A, one in group B, one in group C and one in group D. Only one patient on group A had symptomatic bacteriuria. We didn't observe statistical difference between the groups. When we recategorized the patients in two groups, the incidence of bacteriuria was significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the antibiotic group.Conclusion The conclusion is that antibiotic prophylaxis before the UDS did not reduce the incidence of UTI in women within the target population.
Food Insecurity, Prenatal Care and Other Anemia Determinants in Pregnant Women from the NISAMI Cohort, Brazil: Hierarchical Model Concept
Authors: Demétrio Fran , Teles-Santos Carlos Antônio de Souza , Santos Djanilson Barbosa dos 
Published: June 2017

Objective To identify the prevalence of anemia and its relation to food insecurity (FI) and other determinants in pregnant women.
Methods A cross-sectional, cohort-nested study, with the participation of 245 pregnant women who were cared for at Family Health Units in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. The participants underwent blood tests for hemoglobin levels, anthropometric examinations, and answered a structured questionnaire. The hemoglobin (Hb) parameter (Hb < 11 g/dL) was used for the classification of the diagnosis of anemia. Food insecurity was evaluated using the North American short-scale food insecurity assessment. Logistic regression was adopted for the statistical analyses, based on a hierarchical conceptual model that enabled the measurement of the decomposition of the total effect of its non-mediated and mediated components using the proposed hierarchical levels.
Results The prevalence of anemia in the studied population was of 21.8%, and the average hemoglobin was 12.06 g/dL (standard deviation [SD]: 1.27). Food insecurity was identified in 28.16% of the pregnant women. The average maternal age was 25.82 years (SD: 5.94). After ranking, the variables positively associated with anemia remained significant: FI (odds ratio [OR] =3.63; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.77–7.45); not undergoing prenatal care (OR = 5.15; 95%CI: 1.43–18.50); multiparity (OR = 2.27; 95%CI: 1.02–5.05); and non-supplementation of iron medication (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.04–5.76). The results also indicated that the socioeconomic and environmental factors were largely mediated by food insecurity and factors regarding prenatal care.
Conclusions In the present study, the chance of occurrence of anemia in pregnant women was significantly higher, mainly among women: in situations of food insecurity, not undergoing prenatal care, not having received iron supplements, and who are multiparous.
Betriebsärzte und Rehabilitation – Eine Querschnittsstudie zum betriebsärztlichen Handeln in Schleswig-Holstein und Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Peters Elke , Schwarz Betje , Glomm Detlef , Kallenberg Christine , Voelter-Mahlknecht Susanne , Rieger Monika , Bethge Matthias 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Beschreibung und Erklärung betriebsärztlicher Beteiligung im Rehabilitationsprozess
Methodik Die Daten wurden mittels anonymer postalischer Befragung von Betriebsärzten in Schleswig-Holstein und Baden-Württemberg erhoben. Mittels logistischer Regression wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Determinanten für das betriebsärztliche Handeln vor, während und nach der Rehabilitation geprüft.
Ergebnisse Über 70% der Betriebsärzte unterstützten im letzten Jahr mind. einmal einen Beschäftigten bei der Beantragung einer medizinischen Rehabilitation. Die Hälfte der Betriebsärzte hatte wegen eines Beschäftigten mind. einmal während einer Rehabilitation Kontakt zur Rehabilitationseinrichtung und 9 von 10 Betriebsärzten begleiteten wenigstens einen Beschäftigten nach der Rehabilitation bei der Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz. Das unterstützende Handeln der Betriebsärzte im Zusammenhang mit Rehabilitation war signifikant größer, wenn Betriebsärzte sich mitverantwortlich für Rehabilitationsprozesse sahen, gut informiert waren und häufig am betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement beteiligt waren.
Schlussfolgerungen Betriebsärzte können wichtige Akteure für die Einleitung und Begleitung von Rehabilitationsprozessen sein.
SOP Neurophysiologische Diagnostik bei Polyneuropathien
Authors: Buchner Helmut , Kiefer Reinhard 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungAuf dem Weg zur Diagnose folgen erfahrene Kliniker einem diagnostischen Pfad, der mit Anamnese und Befund beginnt, gefolgt von einer differenzierten neurophysiologischen Diagnostik. Die Standard Operating Procedures zeigen den Weg vom klinischen Manifestationstyp über die Auswahl der neurophysiologischen Untersuchungen zur kritisch begründeten Befundwertung und letztlich syndromatologischen Diagnose als Basis für die ätiologische Klärung.