bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doubled Production in Mature Sandy and Multilayers Reservoir Using Screenless and Overdesigned ESP System
Authors: Alfaqih Muchammad R. , Azhari Mirza , Ardan Cesti , Pradhipta Seno R.. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The fifty-two sandy and multilayer reservoir from depth 500 – 1750 m in Mamburungan field became more challenging when electric submersible pumps (ESP) were used. The average 2 – 7 m range net pay height in each layer contrasts with sand production for screen implementation in reducing productivity index. Multilayer reservoirs result requires various types of ESP design based on depth. As a result, a reliable method is needed to produce the well effectively and economically.
The production method was divided into two basic concerns. Firstly, determining reservoir analysis with loose sand reservoir at 500 – 1000 m depth, and consolidated sand reservoir at 1000 -1750 m depth, Secondly, designing ESP which could accommodate all layers, which are divided into two main zones, i.e. the optimum design zone at 1200 – 1750 m depth and the overdesigned zone at 500 – 1200 m depth. In an overdesigned zone attention must be paid to choke installation to limit production rate, the safety factor for motor temperature specifications based on reservoir temperature, and also the safety factor for power specifications in variable speed drive (VSD) and transformer.
Currently, all ESP wells in Mamburungan field are producing without failure and the ESP operation is running smoothly by implementing the aforementioned production method. In the optimum design zone, no ESP performance issues have been raised. Meanwhile in the overdesigned zone, potential performance issues might not be arise by adhering to certain rules: application of choke to control the production rate within up thrust and down thrust area; implementation of additional 40 percent safety factor in motor temperature specification refer to the deepest layer temperature; design of VSD and transformer to provide sufficient power consumption based on motor requirement at the deepest layer. Applying the overdesigned method delivers an optimum trade-off between lifetime, cumulative production, economic value with ESP system efficiency to produce the well in Mamburungan field.
Encapsulated ESP with Two Stages of Gas Separation
Authors: Wilson Zabala G.. , Martínez Gustavo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
One of the limitations of an ESP system is the inability to handle fluid with a high presence of free gas at the pump intake. Even when a gas separator and a gas-handler pump are used downhole, the excessive amount of free gas exceeds the capability of these components and negatively affects the performance of the total system. This is, an unstable pump operation, limitations to achieve the full potential of the well, inaccurate production tests, unstable electrical power consumption, low pump efficiency, poor motor cooling and low reliability and increased operation costs because of premature equipment failure.
Due to the high bubble pressure point of the fluids in some gassy wells, it is necessary to install the ESP equipment as deep as possible in order to gain the highest pump intake pressure and so, reducing the amount of free gas at this point. For the ESP provider and the operator it is very important to maintain stable operation of the equipment; however, sometimes for the operator it is necessary to produce as much free gas to the surface as possible due to its capability to generate electrical power for self-supply.
The need of Apiay Field (Ecopetrol – Colombia) to increase the gas production rate and simultaneously the oil production rate, led to AlKhorayef Petroleum to design a shrouded ESP downhole system with a double stage of gas separation in order to reactivate a very gassy well (depleted) where none of the artificial lift systems at the field (Sucker Rod lift, PCP and ESP) could operate with good results. The first stage of gas separation consisted of a configuration of different equipment to separate free gas used on Sucker Rod Lift systems. The second one consisted of the using of a vortex ESP gas separator and a gas-handler pump in the ESP string.
This paper discusses the benefits of a newly-designed shrouded ESP system and its adaptation for using some downhole equipment for gas separation commonly used in rod lift systems.
Application of New Generation Variable Speed Drive Solutions To Reduce Footprint and Operating Cost
Authors: Orlowski Thomas , Radcliffe Alan R. , Lois Andrew 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
On offshore installations space has always been at a premium. With current market conditions requiring cost savings across the board, reducing the footprint of the ESP surface electrical equipment skid would result in reduced costs when fabricating offshore platforms. This paper presents a redesigned Medium Voltage VSD that is significantly smaller and incorporates new technologies that present an added bonus in additional cost savings and characteristics that can increase the run life of the ESP.
A typical offshore installation has one 2,000KVA Step Down transformer that supplies four or five skids, each with their own Low Voltage VSD and Step Up Transformer. With a Medium Voltage Drive, supply line voltage up to 6.6KV does not need to be stepped down, furthermore is no requirement for a Multi Tap Step Up Transformer as the VSD can provide the required medium voltage required for the ESP motor. The removal of these transformers has reduced the space and weight of the surface electrical equipment that influences the size and load bearing capabilities, and fabrication costs, of new installations.
In addition to the space and weight savings, by incorporating new generation VSD technologies, efficiency and reliability can be increased which ultimately prolongs pump run life and reduces operating costs. Cascaded Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectification significantly reduces the input harmonic distortion reflected back onto the supply, which can incur penalties from energy providers. The multi-level inverter technology on the output provides a near sinusoidal waveform, which removes the need for the expensive, and heavy, space consuming Sine Wave Filter (SWF) typically required on ESP installations. The cleaner power being delivered to the motor reduces the motor operating temperature and stresses on the electrical system's insulation resulting in a longer run life.
Maintaining a cool operating environment for the drive pushed conventional compressed gas air conditioning methods to their limits. A solution was to employ a Thermo Electric Cooling System. Operating on the principle of the Peltier Effect, a stable operating temperature can be maintained and as there are no moving parts, the TEC system is inherently reliable and economical in comparison to traditional A/C units. Furthermore, the TEC modules are very compact and can be operated in any orientation, in line with the requirement for a reduced footprint.
This new generation VSD technology has resulted in significant cost savings for Operators in terms of Capital and Operating Expenditure. Additionally, the power quality delivered to the motors can result in an extended run life, the ultimate goal for offshore applications.
New Technology Reduces Flushbys & Extends PCP Run Life in Australia
Authors: Hicks Robert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Coal seam gas production in Eastern Australia has grown at an incredible rate over the past decade. The primary artificial lift form to de-water the coal seam gas wellbores has been progressing cavity pumps. PCPs were selected due to the high amount of produced solids including interburden and coal fines. During an evaluation of their run life statistics, several operators identified solids settling on top of the pump during a shut down as one of the primary failure modes. Once the pump was stuck and unable to be restarted, the operator either had to conduct a flushby or workover to bring the well back to production. Production Tool Solution proposed utilization of a tool called a Pressure Actuated Relief Valve (PAR Valve) above the PCP to eliminate solids settling during a shut down. After initial trials, the tool was deemed successful and full field implementation has resulted in a substantial reduction of flushbys and extended the run life of the PCPs.
Advances in Completion Design to Improve Bhagyam PCP Run Life
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Panigrahi Nishant , Ranjan Ashish , Nekkanti Satish Kumar , Bohra Avinash , Kumar Piyush , Vermani Sanjeev , Kumar Sanjeev , Agarrwal Vinay 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Bhagyam field is a shallow onshore field in Northwest India. The field development includes 150 production wells with 40 plus injection wells. The crude is sweet & light oil (27 Deg API) with 30 % wax content and a varied viscosity from range 50-450 cP. The Wax appearance temperature is ~ 2° C lower than the reservoir temperature of 53° C which impacts the completion design and affects the flow assurance of the field.
In recent times, the field production has been impacted by frequent work-overs in the field. The run life of the PCP systems, which was impacted by tubing punctures that arose from substantial rod-tubing contact loads, had reduced drastically from ~ 500 days to 259 days. The objective of this paper is first to analyze the drastic reduction in the run life of the Bhagyam PCP systems and then provide design changes which when implemented increased the run life of the PCP system.
The paper describes the measures taken and the design changes made to limit the system failure due to failed tubing and increase the run life of the system back to 500 days and will allow the readers to understand, in detail, the various types of problems that were encountered in operating PCP wells, the methods that were used to analyse the PCP failures, and new completion design that help to alleviate the problems to significantly improve the Bhagyam PCP run-life.
Chemical Reactivity, Dipole Moment and First Hyperpolarizability of Aristolochic Acid I
Authors: Joshi Bhawani Datta 
Published: November 2016

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have been used in the treatment of oedema in Chinese herb medicine since long ago. In this paper, molecular electrostatic potential, chemical reactivity and non linear optical properties of aristolochic acid I (AA I) have been analyzed using density functional theory employing 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The chemical reactivity of the molecule has been explained with the help of chemical reactivity descriptors, molar refractivity and the molecular electrostatic potential surface (ESP). The calculated dipole moment and first order hyperpolarizability show that the molecule possesses non-linear optical property.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, page: 1-9
Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Physico-Chemical Factors of Melamchi River, Sindhupalchok, Nepal
Authors: Mishra Abha R. , Baniya Chitra Bahadur 
Published: November 2016

The fish community and physico-chemical properties at five sites of Melamchi River were studied monthly from January 2011 to December 2013. Melamchi River is one of tributaries larger Indrawati River basin, originates from the high snowy Jugal Mountain (5,875 m asl). Eleven fish species within two orders and five families were recorded. Cypriniformes was found to be the most dominant order with ten fish species. Schizothorax plagiostomus was the most common fish species followed by Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, and Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis. Shannon Wiener fish diversity index and species richness recorded were highest at site 2 and lowest at site 5, whereas, evenness index was highest at site 3. The cluster analysis revealed that similarity between fish species decreased as the distance between the sites increased. Fish species were found distributed among four groups with respect to the significant habitat characteristics in the redundancy analysis (RDA). River water was found well-oxygenated and alkaline at all sites. However, high level for turbidity (43.25/ NTU) was observed at site 5, which exceeded compliance levels of WHO indicating the influence of intensive agriculture and deforestation along river area. To improve fish diversity and water quality of this river proper monitoring and management are an urgent need.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 10-18
Study on Wear and Morphological Behavior of Electron Beam Dose Irradiated Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinur , Lee Heon-Ju , Yang Jong-Keun , Lyakhov Konstantin , Uddin Muhammad Athar 
Published: November 2016

Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) is the most prominent engineering thermoplastic consisting of repeating carbon-oxygen bonds in the form of oxymethylene groups (OCH2). It is widely used to make small gear wheels, ball bearings, precision parts, automotive and consumer electronics. In this study, the POM-C round blocks were irradiated with 165 KeV electron beam energy in five doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 700 kGy) in vacuum condition at room temperature. The wear rate, surface hardness and morphological properties of electron beam dose irradiated POM-C blocks surfaces have been analyzed using pin on disk tribometer, optical microscopy, nano-indenter, Raman spectroscopy, 3D nano surface profiler and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electron beam irradiation transferred the wear phenomena of unirradiated POM-C sample from the abrasive wear (plough and cracks), adhesive wear (grooving/striation, micropitting) and scraping to mild scraping and striation for the 100 kGy dose irradiated POM-C sample due to cross-linking (macroscopic networks), chemical free radicals formations and partial physical modification (smoothness), which can be concluded from tribometer, optical microscopic, SEM and Raman spectroscopic observations. It also reduced the surface wear rate and average surface roughness with increasing microsurface hardness at threshold value of cross-linking among all unirradiated and others doses irradiated POM-C blocks. The level of tribological (wear and morphology) attribute improvement relies on the electron beam irradiation condition (energy and dose rate) depending on chemical and physical factors of polymeric materials.
GAP OPENING IN 3D: SINGLE-PLANET GAPS
Authors: Fung Jeffrey , Chiang Eugene 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Giant planets can clear deep gaps when embedded in 2D (razor-thin) viscous circumstellar disks. We show by direct simulation that giant planets are just as capable of carving out gaps in 3D. Surface density maps are similar between 2D and 3D, even in detail. In particular, the scaling

of gap surface density with planet mass, derived from a global “zero-dimensional” balance of Lindblad and viscous torques, applies equally well to results obtained at higher dimensions. Our 3D simulations reveal extensive, near-sonic, meridional flows both inside and outside the gaps; these large-scale circulations might bear on disk compositional gradients, in dust or other chemical species. At high planet mass, gap edges are mildly Rayleigh unstable and intermittently shed streams of material into the gap—less so in 3D than in 2D.
BOW TIES IN THE SKY. I. THE ANGULAR STRUCTURE OF INVERSE COMPTON GAMMA-RAY HALOS IN THE FERMI SKY
Authors: Broderick Avery E. , Tiede Paul , Shalaby Mohamad , Pfrommer Christoph , Puchwein Ewald , Chang Philip , Lamberts Astrid 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Extended inverse Compton halos are generally anticipated around extragalactic sources of gamma rays with energies above 100 GeV. These result from inverse Compton scattered cosmic microwave background photons by a population of high-energy electron/positron pairs produced by the annihilation of the high-energy gamma rays on the infrared background. Despite the observed attenuation of the high-energy gamma rays, the halo emission has yet to be directly detected. Here, we demonstrate that in most cases these halos are expected to be highly anisotropic, distributing the upscattered gamma rays along axes defined either by the radio jets of the sources or oriented perpendicular to a global magnetic field. We present a pedagogical derivation of the angular structure in the inverse Compton halo and provide an analytic formalism that facilitates the generation of mock images. We discuss exploiting this fact for the purpose of detecting gamma-ray halos in a set of companion papers.
La condition carcérale et les minorités
Authors: Simon Patrick 
Published: November 2016

Après La Force de l’ordre qui apportait un regard de l’intérieur sur les activités de la police française en suivant une équipe de la BAC en banlieue parisienne, Didier Fassin a publié en 2015 L’Ombre du monde qui aborde le monde de la prison à partir d’une investigation ethnographique au long cours dans une maison d’arrêt. Il revient pour Mouvements sur quelques enseignements tirés de ses analyses, en particulier sur la place spécifique des minorités ethno-raciales dans l’univers carcéral, thématique abondamment étudiée aux États-Unis et encore peu abordée par les sciences sociales en France. Il montre que ce « secret public bien gardé », comme il le nomme, tient à ce paradoxe que tout le monde connaît sans pourtant vouloir prendre le risque de savoir et se donner la peine de comprendre.
Les malades mentaux dans les prisons françaises : le rôle de l’expertise psychiatrique
Authors: Protais Caroline 
Published: November 2016

Comment se fait-il qu’il y ait tant de malades mentaux en prison ? L’interrogation n’est pas nouvelle et pourtant le phénomène est loin de se réduire : est-ce faute de dépistage ? Ou est-ce que l’expertise psychiatrique elle-même ne tendrait pas à orienter vers la prison certaines catégories de malades mentaux ? Le déclin des déclarations d’irresponsabilité pénale coïncide en effet avec un mouvement de responsabilisation des malades, et avec l’apparition de dispositifs hybrides entre l’hôpital psychiatrique et la prison.
La marchandisation de la gestion carcérale : prison et néolibéralisme
Authors: Salle Grégory 
Published: November 2016

Dans un article paru dans Mouvements en 2002, Frédéric Lordon présentait la prison et la télévision comme un couple régulateur central du capitalisme contemporain : « Deux institutions cardinales qui ont la tâche de contenir toute la charge de violence que secrètent inévitablement les tendances inégalitaires et les injonctions idéologiques du néolibéralisme 1 ». Comme pour lui donner raison, la même année, des dispositions juridiques étendent le domaine d’une marchandisation carcérale dont le groupe Bouygues, propriétaire de TF1, sera l’un des principaux bénéficiaires. Sous cet angle comme sous d’autres, ce processus constitue un objet d’étude en soi, mais aussi un observatoire du néolibéralisme. Dans cette perspective, Grégory Salle soulève quelques enjeux à partir des cas français et allemand.
Le nouveau Jim Crow
Authors: Alexander Michelle , Simon Patrick 
Published: November 2016

Michelle Alexander enseigne le droit à l’Université d’Etat de l’Ohio, après une carrière d’avocate spécialisée dans les civil rights , aussi bien dans les milieux activistes de défense des libertés fondamentales (elle a dirigé le Racial Justice Project de l’ACLU – American Civil Liberties Union – en Californie du Nord) que dans un cabinet d’avocats où elle était spécialisée dans les actions de groupe contre des cas de discriminations raciales et de genre. Elle a publié en 2010 The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness qui est devenu un best-seller et a relancé le débat aux Etats-Unis sur la sur-incarcération des hommes noirs. Si le fait est connu depuis longtemps, et étudié, l’argument central de l’ouvrage d’Alexander est qu’il ne s’agit pas d’un effet pervers de la politique pénale, mais au contraire d’une forme insidieuse de reconstitution, sous d’autres formes, de la ségrégation raciale abolie par les lois des droits civils dans les années 1960 ( civil rights act ). Pour de nombreux Afro-Américains et plus largement pour l’ensemble de la société étatsunienne, ce livre a provoqué une véritable onde de choc à travers tout le pays, qui a permis de fonder et de donner corps à un plaidoyer contre un système pénal injuste et impitoyable vis-à-vis des hommes noirs. L’article publié ici est initialement paru en 2010, au moment de la sortie du livre The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness dans la revue The American Prospect .
Sortir du continuum carcéral
Authors: Bony Lucie 
Published: November 2016

La surincarcération de jeunes de certains quartiers populaires et la surreprésentation de ces quartiers au sein de la prison, produit une expérience particulière pour les détenu.e.s, celle d’une apparente continuité entre leur lieu de résidence et l’espace de leur mise à l’écart. Comment font-ils sens de ces trajectoires de vie ? Comment tentent-ils d’en sortir ? Ces questionnements renvoient à une interrogation cruciale sur l’articulation des politiques pénales et des discriminations résidentielles.
L’abolitionnisme au présent
Authors: Chantraine Gilles 
Published: November 2016

Michel Foucault avait déjà bien saisi comment la prison pouvait se nourrir d’une critique monotone, qui vise moins à déstabiliser la prison qu’à la réformer, la perfectionner, la reproduire ; par paresse ou complicité, le rôle organique que la prison joue dans la reproduction des rapports de domination est souvent occulté. En rupture avec cette critique circulaire, les perspectives dites « abolitionnistes », plurielles et hétérogènes, frappent l’institution d’un sceau d’illégitimité radicale. Peu développés dans le champ académique français, les débats abolitionnistes foisonnent pourtant ailleurs. Tour d’horizon de l’actualité de l’abolitionnisme avec deux chercheurs canadiens.
La lutte contre la radicalisation ou deux formes de la pensée magique
Authors: Ragazzi Francesco 
Published: November 2016

Les attentats qui ont touché les villes occidentales au cours des douze dernières années (Madrid, Londres, Oslo, Boston, Toulouse, Bruxelles, Copenhague et maintenant Paris) nous effraient d’autant plus que leurs auteur.e.s ne viennent pas de l’étranger mais sont issu.e.s de nos propres sociétés. À cette peur s’en ajoute une autre pour un nombre croissant de parents, qui craignent que leur fils ou leur fille ne disparaisse un jour pour réapparaître en Syrie où 5000 à 6000 combattants européens ont, d’après les estimations, rejoint les rangs d’un groupe armé. Enfin, la peur d’être rejeté se diffuse au sein des minorités musulmanes confrontées à la suspicion du groupe majoritaire et, de façon croissante, à la stigmatisation et aux discriminations de la part d’institutions telles que les médias, l’école ou la police qui sont censées garantir leur information, leur éducation et leur sécurité. Répondant à ces peurs, les gouvernements européens ont renforcé et durci l’arsenal de la lutte contre le terrorisme : extension de la surveillance, pénalisation d’un nombre croissant d’activités (dont les déplacements vers la Syrie) intégrées dans une définition élargie du terrorisme, renforcement des contrôles aux frontières, instauration de mesures d’exception dans le droit pénal, etc. 1 . La politique antiterroriste ne se réduit cependant pas à ce volet répressif. S’y ajoute un volet préventif, souvent qualifié de « lutte contre la radicalisation », que Francesco Ragazzi interroge ici : quels sont les fondements de cette forme soft d’antiterrorisme qui se déploie depuis une dizaine d’années un peu partout en Europe ? Les mesures mises en œuvre ont-elles produit les effets recherchés ? Leurs effets pervers ne devraient-ils pas conduire à envisager d’autres approches ?