bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of cultural issues concerning institutional quarantine and isolation during major multi‐country outbreaks in Africa: 2000–2023
Authors: Oduwole Ebunoluwa , Amzat Jimoh , Aluko‐Arowolo Olusola , Afolabi Rotimi , Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi , Lawal Saheed Akinmayowa , Temisan Ige Angela , Oludiran Ayoyinka , Aminu Kafayat , Salami Afeez Abolarinwa , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsInfectious disease outbreaks pose significant challenges in Africa due to its ecology, socioeconomic conditions, and weak health systems. Implementing institutional quarantine and isolation (Q&I) measures is crucial for managing major outbreaks. However, the cultural context often determines the success of these measures. This scoping review aims to examine existing evidence on the cultural aspects of institutional Q&I in Africa over the past two decades, focusing on the COVID‐19 pandemic and other major multi‐country disease outbreaks.MethodsThis scoping review's protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework registry. Nine research databases were systematically searched to retrieve all relevant literature, followed by deduplication and a two‐stage screening process using the Rayyan web application. The inclusion of any literature into this review was based on a set of eligibility criteria. Also, manual searching of the reference lists of included literature was done to retrieve any other eligible literature. From the included literature, data were charted, collected, and summarized.FindingsOut of the 787 articles retrieved from the database searches, this review found only one to be eligible for inclusion. Also, no other eligible article was obtained after manual searching of the reference list for this article. The reviewed article presented empirical findings on the impact of COVID‐19 Q&I protocols on traditional burial rites in Ghana. Many Ghanaian families were against their country's protocol because they felt it was insensitive to their traditional values and burial practices. Also, the way the protocol was implemented made some Ghanaian families feel that foreign burial practices were imposed on them, which bred feelings of cultural exclusion and neglect (by the government) among Ghanaians.ConclusionResearch evidence on the cultural implications of Q&I in Africa is very scanty. More research is needed on this topic of public health interest.
Maximal heat transfer density from cross‐flow heat exchanger with tapered fins using constructal design method
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Waheed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTapered fins are widely used in heat sinks cooled by forced convection. In this study, maximal forced convective heat transfer from a set of tapered fins in cross‐flow is investigated based on the constructal design method. The tapering of the fins is done for a three‐fin base‐to‐tip ratio (taper ratio). The first taper ratio is TR = 0.5 (fin base < fin tip), the second taper ratio is TR = 1 (fin base = fin tip, straight fin), and the third taper ratio is TR = 2 (fin base > fin tip). In all these cases, the fin length is constant. The fins are heated at constant surface temperature and they are cooled by cross‐flow. A constant pressure difference pushes the cross‐flow toward the fins. The Bejan number ranges from 105 to 107. The forced convective heat transfer density is maximized from the fins for the three taper ratios, and a comparison between them is carried out. The maximization is conducted by numerical and scale analysis. In the numerical analysis, the pressure‐driven flow equations (continuity, momentum, and energy) are solved by means of the finite volume method. In the scale analysis, two extremes are considered. The first extreme is for TR < 1, and the second extreme is for TR > 1. These two extremes are intersected to find the maximal forced convective heat transfer density. The results obtained from numerical and scale analysis confirmed that the maximal forced convective heat transfer density occurs for straight fins (TR = 1) in the whole range of the Bejan number. The heat transfer density from straight fins (TR = 1) is higher than that of tapered fins (TR = 2) by 45.2%, and it is higher than that of tapered fins (TR = 0.5) by 52.7% at Be = 107.
“When I hold my daughter, she quiets, no need [for]any verbal conversation”: A qualitative understanding of responsive caregiving in rural, Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Hentschel Elizabeth , Siyal Saima , Warren Whitney , Lanjar Sadaf , McCoy Dana C. , Tiemeier Henning , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResponsive caregiving is associated with secure attachment and positive child developmental outcomes. However, there is some debate on whether responsive caregiving is a universal construct. Few studies have researched responsive caregiving in diverse cultural settings, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In this study, we explore if and how responsive caregiving is conceptualized among mothers of children under 3‐years‐old in rural, Sindh Pakistan. A phenomenological qualitative study was implemented in Naushahro Feroze through in‐depth interviews with twenty mothers. Mothers were asked about their aspirations for their children and how they would respond in a variety of different scenarios. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis with an inductive‐deductive coding scheme. There was substantial variation in mothers’ described responsive behaviors and beliefs. Almost all mothers described using some form of responsive parenting. Responding to children's demands while the mother was preoccupied, using verbal responses to console children, and if mothers believed that children should be praised, lacked consensus. Most mothers described using breastfeeding for consolation and highlighted the importance of immediately consoling their crying child. The results suggest that there is a need for a more nuanced approach to understand caregiver behaviors across contexts.
Investigation of oral toxicity of WS2 nanosheets to mouse intestine: Pathological injury, trace element balance, lipid profile changes, and autophagy
Authors: Zha Xianghao , Luo Sihuan , Wei Lianghuan , Li Feixing , Li Youwen , Cao Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe success of graphene oxides has gained extensive research interests in developing novel 2D nanomaterials (NMs). WS2 nanosheets (NSs) are novel transition metal‐based 2D NMs, but their toxicity is unclear. In this study, we investigated the oral toxicity of WS2 NSs to mouse intestines. Male mice were administrated with vehicles, 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg NSs via intragastric route, once a day, for 5 days. The results indicate that the NSs did not induce pathological or ultrastructural changes in intestines. There were minimal changes of trace elements that the exposure did not induce W accumulation, and only Co levels were dose‐dependently increased. Lipid droplets were observed in all groups of mice, but lipidomics data indicate that WS2 NSs only significantly decreased four lipid species, all belonging to phosphatidylcholine (PC). The levels of proteins regulating autophagic lipolysis, namely, LC3, lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), were increased, but it was only statistically significantly different for LC3. The results of this study suggest that repeated intragastric exposure to WS2 NSs only induced minimal influences on pathological injury, trace element balance, autophagy, and lipid profiles in mouse intestines, indicating relatively high biocompatibility of WS2 NSs to mouse intestine via oral route.
Time Course of Reversal of Fentanyl‐Induced Respiratory Depression in Healthy Subjects by Intramuscular Nalmefene and Intramuscular and Intranasal Naloxone
Authors: Cipriano Alessandra , Apseloff Glen , Kapil Ram P. , He Ellie , Shet Manjunath , Harris Stephen C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increase in opioid overdose deaths, particularly involving potent, long‐acting synthetic opioids, has led to calls for stronger, longer‐acting opioid‐overdose‐reversal agents. Using an opioid‐induced respiratory depression model, we investigated the onset and time course of action of naloxone and a long‐acting opioid antagonist, nalmefene, in reversing the effects of an ongoing intravenous fentanyl infusion over a period of up to 100 min. Healthy, moderately experienced opioid users received intramuscular (IM) nalmefene 1 mg, IM naloxone 2 mg, or intranasal (IN) naloxone 4 mg after fentanyl‐induced respiratory depression was established based on reduction in respiratory minute volume (MV). Each participant received each opioid antagonist twice per a randomized crossover schedule. Reversal of respiratory depression, pharmacokinetics, and safety were investigated. Participants showed rapid increases in plasma opioid antagonist concentrations, and meaningful reversal of depressed MV tended to occur earlier with IM nalmefene and IM naloxone than with IN naloxone. Compared to naloxone, nalmefene provided extended exposure, and mean MV was maintained at a higher level. All participants experienced treatment‐related adverse events, but none were severe, serious, or led to study drug discontinuation. This study provides evidence that IM nalmefene 1 mg achieves reversal of fentanyl‐induced respiratory depression similar to or better than that achieved with standard‐of‐care naloxone treatments. No new safety concerns were raised for IM nalmefene at the tested dose. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of IM nalmefene position it as an important treatment option in opioid overdose reversal, particularly given the increasing prevalence of overdoses involving potent, long‐acting synthetic opioids.
Pharmacokinetics of Ganaplacide and Lumefantrine in Adults, Adolescents, and Children with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated with Ganaplacide Plus Lumefantrine Solid Dispersion Formulation: Analysis of Data from a Multinational Phase 2 Study
Authors: Sangana Ramachandra , Ogutu Bernhards , Yeka Adoke , Kusemererwa Sylvia , Tinto Halidou , Toure Andre Offianan , Kibuuka Afizi , Lingani Moussa , Lourenço Carlos , Mombo‐Ngoma Ghyslain , Nduba Videlis , Landry N'Guessan Tiacoh , Nassa Guétawendé Job Wilfried , Nyantaro Mary , Tina Lucas Otieno , Anvikar Anup , Sinha Abhinav , Kaguthi Grace , Fofana Bakary , Grobusch Martin Peter , Gaaloul Myriam El , Marrast Anne Claire , Pathan Rashidkhan , Chikoto Havana , Csermak Katalin , Risterucci Celine , Su Guoqin , Winnips Cornelis , Zhang Jie , Zack Julia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe novel antimalarial ganaplacide combined with lumefantrine solid dispersion formulation (LUM‐SDF) was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults, adolescents, and children in a multinational, prospective, randomized, active‐controlled Phase II study conducted between August 2017 and June 2021 (EudraCT 2020‐003284‐25, Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03167242). Pharmacokinetic data from that study are reported here.The trial comprised three parts: a run‐in part in 12 adult/adolescent patients treated with a single dose of ganaplacide 200 mg plus LUM‐SDF 960 mg assessed potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between ganaplacide and lumefantrine; in Part A, adult/adolescent patients received one of the six ganaplacide‐LUM‐SDF regimens or artemether‐lumefantrine; and in Part B, three dose regimens identified in Part A, and artemether‐lumefantrine, were assessed in children aged 2 to <12 years, with body weight ≥10 kg. A rich blood sampling schedule was used for all 12 patients in the PK run‐in part and a subset of patients (N = 32) in Part A, with sparse sampling for remaining patients in Parts A (N = 275) and B (N = 159). Drug concentrations were determined by a validated protein precipitation and reverse phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection method. Parameters including AUCinf, AUClast, AUC0‐t, Cmax, and tmax were reported where possible, using non‐compartmental analysis.In the PK run‐in part, there was no notable increase in ganaplacide or lumefantrine exposure when co‐administered. In Parts A and B, ganaplacide exposures increased with dose, but lumefantrine exposure was numerically under dose‐proportional. Lumefantrine exposure was higher with ganaplacide‐LUM‐SDF than with artemether‐lumefantrine, although high variability was observed. Ganaplacide and lumefantrine exposures (Cmax and AUC0‐24 h) were comparable across age and body weight groups. Drug exposures needed for efficacy were achieved using the dose regimen 400 mg ganaplacide plus lumefantrine 960 mg once daily for 3 days under fasted conditions.
Pharmacodynamic Exposure–Response Analysis of Fracture Count Data Following Treatment with Burosumab in Patients with XLH
Authors: Mehta Krina , Storopoli Jose , Ramwani Nikita , Quattrocchi Emilia , Gobburu Joga , Weber Thomas , Hruska Matthew W. , Marsteller Douglas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractX‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder caused by excessive fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), leading to low serum phosphate levels resulting in increased risk of fractures and pseudofractures. Burosumab is indicated for the treatment of XLH. In this work, we aimed to understand the quantitative relationship between burosumab‐treatment‐induced improvements in serum phosphate and reduction in fracture and pseudofracture counts in adults with XLH. Burosumab pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic data from nine clinical studies were first utilized to update a prior population pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic (PPKPD) model. The updated PPKPD model predictions for serum phosphate exposures along with other factors (i.e., time and treatment) were utilized to evaluate the relationship on fracture counts using Poisson model. The updated PPKPD model suggested that burosumab concentrations required for 50% of maximal effect decreased with increasing baseline serum phosphate levels. A Poisson model with time from baseline, average serum phosphate, and burosumab treatment described the time‐varying fracture and pseudofracture count data appropriately. The model suggested a baseline rate of fracture and pseudofracture of 1.87 counts. The model predicted that fracture counts decrease by 1% each week, and by 23% with each unit increase (1.0 mg/dL) in average serum phosphate from lower limit of normal (2.5 mg/dL). An additional 1% decrease in fracture count each week was attributed to burosumab treatment that could not be explained by improvements in serum phosphate. Overall, the model quantified the relationship between burosumab‐treatment‐induced serum phosphate improvements and reduction in fracture and pseudofracture counts in patients with XLH over time.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4: A predictor of ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhu Fuyun , Zou Dezeng , Shi Ping , Tang Lianhua , Wu Dan , Hu Xiaoxue , Yin Fei , Liu Jianhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith its rapidly increasing incidence and prevalence, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a major global health challenge. Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the development of UC. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and the progression of UC needs to be extensively studied.MethodsThe differentially expressed genes in UC patients were screened from the GEO database. The ferroptosis‐related genes were obtained from FErrDB and GeneCards. The UC subtypes were identified with the R package “CancerSubtype” and evaluated with consensus clustering (CC) to identify gene expression patterns in patients with UC. The key genes were detected with qRT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry in vitro and in vivo models. Ferroptosis was identified with western blotting on ferrotic‐associated proteins and staining on Fe2+ with commercial FerroOrange kits.ResultsDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as CD26, is a potential biomarker for ferroptosis in UC patients. Transcriptome sequencing data showed a positive correlation between decreased DPP4 expression and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐β, as well as immune cell infiltration in the colon tissues of UC patients. Furthermore, DPP4 was strongly associated with ferroptosis biomarkers, particularly in Subtype 2 of UC. Interestingly, our study also found that DPP4 expression was significantly reduced in RSL3‐treated ferroptotic intestinal epithelial cells, more so than in LPS‐treated cell models. Inhibition of DPP4 had a significant impact on the expression of ferroptotic biomarkers. Additionally, DPP4 expression was decreased in the colon tissues of DSS‐treated mice, and the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferritin‐1 effectively counteracted the effects of DSS on immune cell infiltration, colon length, and DPP4 expression.ConclusionsDPP4 can serve as a biomarker for ferroptosis in the diagnosis and management of UC.
Foliar application of biostimulants improves nutritional and bioactive quality of walnuts
Authors: Pascoalino Liege Aguiar , Pires Tânia CSP , Pinela José , Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo , Ferreira Isabel CFR , Barros Lillian , Barreira João CM , Reis Filipa S 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to their health benefits, walnuts are attracting interest as a good option for nutritious meals, thereby promoting their production. Furthermore, the adoption of ecologically and environmentally friendly agriculture strengthens biostimulant use as a sustainable complement to traditional fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of different foliar‐applied biostimulants in walnut tree orchards, in northeastern Portugal, on walnuts' chemical composition and bioactivity.RESULTSWalnut samples were rich in fat (particularly the polyunsaturated linoleic acid), dietary fiber and protein. Sucrose was the most prevalent soluble sugar, followed by glucose and fructose. Studied samples also showed an antioxidant activity comparable (or superior) to that of Trolox. Some plant biostimulants (e.g. Sprint Plus®) had a positive impact on the nutritional composition of walnuts, more specifically by boosting tocopherol levels, besides improving the bioactivity of walnut extracts against specific bacteria.CONCLUSIONOverall, this research demonstrated that important quality traits of walnuts can be improved using sustainable agricultural bioproducts and practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Douglas Pouch Fluid Improves the Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Uterosacral Ligaments Deep Infiltration Endometriosis
Authors: Chen Qiuxiang , Jia Luyao , Wang Shiya , Chen Menghua , Zhang Chan , Fang Yue , Deng Meifang , Jin Chunchun 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) with laparoscopy in detecting and characterizing uterosacral ligament (USL) nodules of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) between patients with and without pouch of Douglas (POD) fluid.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted between June 2021 and July 2023. We included patients from the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen with two TVUS tests: no POD fluid on the first TVUS test and POD fluid on the second TVUS test. POD fluid was obtained in two ways: naturally occurring fluid during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and SonoPODography. Laparoscopic results are the gold standard. To compare the diagnostic performance of TVUS in the diagnosis of DIE on USLs with and without POD fluid.ResultsWe included 42 patients with a mean age of 36.4 ± 5.4 years. The maximum length diameter for DIE nodules on USLs with and without POD fluid was 13.3 ± 3.3 mm and 10.2 ± 2.5 mm (P < .001), respectively, while the depth of infiltration was 8.1 ± 2.4 mm and 6.1 ± 1.4 mm (P < .001), respectively. When compared to laparoscopic findings, TVUS findings with and without POD fluid resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value area under the curve, and Cohen kappa of 92.3%, 93.8%, 92.9%, 96.0%, 88.2%, 0.930, and 0.850 and 61.5%, 93.8%, 73.8%, 94.1%, 50.0%, 0.766, and 0.499, respectively. Laparoscopy showed USL involvement in up to 59.5% of patients. With or without fluid, the most common ultrasound features of DIE lesions were USL thickening, irregular morphology, clear boundaries, low echo, and no blood flow signal.ConclusionsFor patients with clinical suspicion of DIE, TVUS with POD fluid has a higher accuracy for diagnosing USL DIE than TVUS without POD fluid.
Self‐healing Hydrophobic Antifouling Polymers with Fe3+‐Catechol Coordination Interaction
Authors: Kong Annan , Si Lulu , Chen Dongxiang , Song Yan , Li Guo Liang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrophobic antifouling polymers capable of self‐healing performance are highly desirable for industrial applications. However, the construction of self‐healing, hydrophobic antifouling polymers is challenging considering their complex fouling environments, which are humid in aqueous environment. In this work, a self‐healing hydrophobic polymer containing Fe3+‐catechol coordination applicable to antifouling is synthesized. The hydrophobic fluoroalkyl segments in the polymers formed unique domains dispersed in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The as‐synthesized polymers can completely restore their tensile strength, and their self‐healing efficiency is above 90% in both artificial seawater and pure water because of the dynamic Fe3+‐catechol coordination interactions. The as‐synthesized polymer exhibited self‐healing and antifouling properties against common marine bacteria. The colony adhesion and self‐healing processes of the damaged coating in artificial seawater containing marine bacteria are characterized by laser confocal microscopy. This strategy may be useful for the development of future polymeric antifouling materials.
Validation of a 5‐Year Prognostic Model for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ribeiro Joana , Camacho Marta , Scott Kirsten M. , Greenland Julia C. , Evans Jonathan R. , Breen David P. , Wijeyekoon Ruwani S. , Barker Roger A. , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundA simple prognostic model was previously developed to predict the probability of recently‐diagnosed patients reaching negative outcomes (postural instability, dementia or death) in a 5‐year period.ObjectivesTo validate this model in an independent cohort and establish utility at later time points.MethodsValidation was performed using data collected in an incident cohort at baseline, 2 and 4 years. Predicted negative outcome probabilities were compared to actual 5‐year outcomes.ResultsThe model, based on age, MDS‐UPDRS axial score and 60‐second animal fluency, predicted poor 5‐year outcome when applied at baseline, (area under the curve (AUC) 0.80), 2 years (AUC 0.82) and 4 years (AUC 0.71). Power calculations showed that selecting a subgroup with prognostic score >0.5 reduced the sample size required for a disease‐modifying trial.ConclusionsThis 5‐year prognostic model has good accuracy when employed up to 4 years from diagnosis and may help stratification for disease‐modifying trials.