bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Solutions to Service Delivery
Authors: Johnson Rachel R. , Friedman James M. , Becker Andrew M. , Spiegel David A. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Use of the minimally invasive Ponseti method has been increasing in low and middle-income countries, where most of the world’s children with clubfoot are born. This method requires a system of service delivery involving screening, serial casting with or without a tenotomy to achieve correction, and long-term use of an orthosis to maintain correction. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the barriers to service delivery and the solutions that have been proposed or implemented to address these barriers.

Methods:
A literature search of Medline, Embase, and SCOPUS produced 3251 results. Twenty-four papers were selected for final review. Barriers and their attempted solutions were organized into a previously described health barrier model. We reported on high-impact, sustainable solutions that are feasible for organizations to implement, as opposed to solutions that require major policy or country-wide infrastructure changes.

Results:
Common barriers found to have the most impact on patient care included financial constraints, transportation, difficulties with brace and cast care, self-perceived health status, lack of physical resources, and provider’s lack of knowledge and skill. The most common solutions detailed were education of the provider or patient and financial assistance for patients.

Conclusions:
Recognizing that contextually relevant solutions to the challenges of setting up a system for clubfoot service delivery are required, several common barriers have emerged within this systematic review of papers from multiple countries, including spatial accessibility, affordability, and availability. Programs can best prepare for challenges by placing clinics close to population centers and/or allocating funds to subsidize transportation, ensuring that an adequate supply of materials are available for the casting and tenotomy, and enhancing the education of families and health providers. Strengthening communication and establishing partnerships between individuals and organizations promoting the Ponseti method will improve systems for service delivery.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—prognostic study.
The Optic Nerve Head in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Eyes With High Myopia: Characteristics and Association With Visual Field Defects
Authors: Chen Li-Wei , Lan Yu-Wen , Hsieh Jui-Wen 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the morphologic characteristics of optic neuropathy and its association with visual field (VF) defects in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes with high myopia.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed data from 375 Taiwanese patients (375 eyes) of POAG, ages 20 to 60 years. Optic disc photographs were used for planimetric measurements of morphologic variables. The myopic refraction was divided into high myopia (<−6.0 D) and nonhigh myopia (moderate myopia to hyperopia). The optic disc area was classified as moderate (1.59 to 2.85 mm2), large, and small. Differences in characteristics between groups, correlations with the disc area, and factors associated with VF defects were determined.

Results:
Of the 142 highly myopic eyes, 33 (23%) had a large disc, 26 (18%) had a small disc, and 55 (39%) had a tilted disc. Large discs had a higher cup-to-disc (C/D) area ratio and a higher tilt ratio; small discs had a smaller rim area and a lower tilt ratio (all P<0.05). Characteristics associated with high myopia included a smaller rim area, a higher C/D area ratio, and a lower tilt ratio (all P<0.001). In logistic regression, the refraction, the C/D area ratio, the rim area, and the tilt ratio (all P<0.05) were associated with VF defects.

Conclusions:
In Taiwanese individuals with POAG, our study found that tilted, large, or small discs were prevalent in highly myopic eyes. Of these characteristics, only the disc tilt and high myopia by itself were associated with the severity of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Prospective Comparative Analysis of 4 Different Intraocular Pressure Measurement Techniques and Their Effects on Pressure Readings
Authors: Berk Thomas A. , Yang Patrick T. , Chan Clara C. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement using the Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) without fluorescein, with fluorescein strips, with fluorescein droplets, and IOP measurement with Tono-Pen Avia (TPA).

Patients and Methods:
This was a prospective comparative clinical analysis. It was performed in clinical practice. The study population consisted of 40 volunteer patients, 1 eye per patient. All patients who were 18 years and older having routine ophthalmological examination were eligible to participate. Active corneal abrasions and/or ulcers, previous glaucoma surgery, or prostheses interfering with GAT measurement were excluded. GAT IOP was measured first without fluorescein, then with fluorescein strip, then with fluorescein droplet, and finally with the TPA device. The main outcome measure was central corneal IOP.

Results:
Mean±SD IOP measurements for GAT without fluorescein, with fluorescein strip, with fluorescein droplet, and for TPA groups were 12.65±3.01, 14.70±2.82, 15.78±2.64, and 16.33±3.08 mm Hg, respectively. Repeated-measures analysis of variance corrected with the Greenhouse-Geisser estimate (ɛ=0.732) showed that measuring technique had a significant effect on IOP measurements (F
2.20,85.59=34.66, P<0.001). The pairwise post hoc testing showed statistically significant mean differences (P≤0.001) between all techniques except when GAT with fluorescein droplet was compared with TPA (P=0.222). The Bland-Altman analyses showed 95% limits of agreement maximum potential discrepancies in measurement ranging from 5.89 mm Hg in the GAT with fluorescein strip versus droplet compared with 11.83 mm Hg in the GAT with fluorescein strip versus TPA comparison.

Conclusions:
IOP measurement technique significantly impacted the values obtained. The ophthalmologist should ensure consistent measurement technique to minimize variability when following patients.
Growth Pattern in Paediatric Crohn Disease Is Related to Inflammatory Status
Authors: Ley Delphine , Duhamel Alain , Behal Hélène , Vasseur Francis , Sarter Hélène , Michaud Laurent , Gower‐Rousseau Corinne , Turck Dominique 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The respective role of disease activity and steroid therapy in growth impairment in paediatric‐onset Crohn disease (CD) is still debated. Our aim was to investigate whether the growth pattern of children with CD was correlated with the inflammatory status during the disease course, regardless the cumulative duration of steroid therapy.Methods:One hundred and seven patients with a diagnosis of CD <17 years, followed during ≥2 years and for whom ≥2 height measures were available during follow‐up, were identified between 1998 and 2010. Height, C‐reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid, and steroid therapy duration were collected at each visit. The relationship between the evolution of growth velocity and inflammatory status during follow‐up was investigated using a linear mixed model with random coefficients.Results:Median age at diagnosis was 11.7 years (Q1–Q3: 9.8–13.5). Mean height for age (H/A) z score was 0.14 ± 1.29 at diagnosis and 0.05 ± 1.23 among the 75 patients who had reached their final height at maximal follow‐up (median: 4.9 years; Q1–Q3: 3.8–6.4). Growth failure (H/A z score <−2) was present in 7 (8%) patients at diagnosis and 5 (5%) at maximal follow‐up. Growth velocity was negatively correlated with the evolution of CRP (P < 0.0001) and orosomucoid (P < 0.0001) during follow‐up. After adjustment for the cumulative duration of steroid therapy, these 2 correlations remained significant (CRP: P = 0.0008; orosomucoid: P < 0.0001).Conclusions:Children with CD with uncontrolled inflammatory status have a lower growth velocity. The inflammatory status should be kept as close to normal as possible in paediatric‐onset patients with CD to optimize their growth pattern.
Pharmacokinetics of Rilpivirine in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women
Authors: Tran Anna H. , Best Brookie M. , Stek Alice , Wang Jiajia , Capparelli Edmund V. , Burchett Sandra K. , Kreitchmann Regis , Rungruengthanakit Kittipong , George Kathleen , Cressey Tim R. , Chakhtoura Nahida , Smith Elizabeth , Shapiro David E. , Mirochnick Mark ,   for the IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team
Published: February 2016

Background:
Rilpivirine pharmacokinetics is defined by its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pregnancy can affect these factors by changes in cardiac output, protein binding, volume of distribution, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity. Rilpivirine is metabolized by CYP3A4. The impact of pregnancy on rilpivirine pharmacokinetics is largely unknown.

Methods:
International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1026s is a multicenter, nonblinded, prospective study evaluating antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected pregnant women that included a cohort receiving rilpivirine 25 mg once daily as part of their combination antiretrovirals for clinical care. Thirty-two women were enrolled in this study. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was performed at steady state during the second trimester, the third trimester, and postpartum. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at delivery. Plasma rilpivirine concentration was measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL.

Results:
Median (range) AUC0–24 were 1969 (867–4987, n = 15), 1669 (556–4312, n = 28), and 2387 (188–6736, n = 28) ng·h/mL in the second trimester, the third trimester, and postpartum, respectively (P < 0.05 for either trimester vs postpartum). Median (range) C24 were 63 (37–225, n = 17), 56 (<10–181, n = 30), and 81 (<10–299, n = 28) ng/mL (P < 0.05 for either trimester vs postpartum). High variability in pharmacokinetic parameters was observed between subjects. Median (range) cord blood/maternal concentration ratio was 0.55 (0.3–0.8, n = 21). Delivery HIV-1 RNA was ≤50 copies per milliliter in 70% and ≤400 copies per milliliter in 90% of women. Cmin were significantly lower at 15 visits with detectable HIV-1 RNA compared with 61 visits with undetectable HIV-1 RNA, 29 (<10–93) vs 63 (15–200) ng/mL (P = 0.0001). Cmin was below the protein binding–adjusted EC90 concentration (12.2 ng/mL) at 4 visits in 3 of 31 women (10%).

Conclusions:
Rilpivirine exposure is lower during pregnancy compared with postpartum and highly variable. Ninety percent of women had minimum concentrations above the protein binding–adjusted EC90 for rilpivirine.
The Mexican consumer, reluctant or receptive to new foods?
Authors: Salgado Beltrán Lizbeth , Camarena Gómez Dena M. , Díaz León Jonathan 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to measure the relative degree of rejection or reluctance to try new foods of the Mexican consumers.Design/methodology/approach– To measure the degree of acceptance or rejection that individuals have for foods that are unusual in their diets, a phobia scale was used to new foods developed by Pliner and Hobden (1992) Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). The authors also distinguished between individuals’ predisposition to taste new foods, “neo-phobic” (lower bias) and “neo-philic” (predisposition). Additionally social and demographic variables such as age, gender, monthly income level and marital status to discuss relations with the FNS scale were incorporated.Findings– The results have shown that Mexican consumers show relatively low levels of phobia toward new foods, but there may be differences in accordance with the characteristics of the environment, the proximity of another culture or urbanization level have a significant influence on consumer attitudes.Originality/value– In Mexico the development of new foods has increased, in a recent study 83 percent of respondents indicated they are interested in buying new foods on the market. Studies of novel foods phobia have been made in various international contexts, in Mexico, however, the exploration and understanding of consumer attitudes toward foods that are unusual in their diets is incipient. This study represents one of the first contributions in this regard and more so to focus specifically on the Mexican consumer.
Urban agriculture: connecting producers with consumers
Authors: Dimitri Carolyn , Oberholtzer Lydia , Pressman Andy 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Urban farming is becoming more common in the USA, as food-based entrepreneurs seek to make money farming in the city. Yet many urban farms are concerned with other factors in addition to food production, and thus have incorporated social goals into their missions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the social missions of urban farms in the USA, their extent, and explores differences and similarities among farms with varying missions.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use primary data collected from a 2012 national survey of urban farmers in the USA. In total, 35 questions, covering the 2012 farm year, targeted production and marketing practices, risks and challenges, information and technical assistance needs, farm size and location, age of primary farmer, and farm characteristics. A multinomial logistic model was used to analyze the social missions of urban farms in the sample.Findings– The authors find that food production is an essential part of the mission for all urban farms. Some farms have social missions, as well, which the survey results indicate are related to food security, education, and community building. The authors find that all urban farms, regardless of their mission, are relatively small and face similar challenges in terms of providing the primary farmer with a living. Farms with explicit social missions, relative to those with a strict market orientation, donate a higher share of food from their farm and are less likely to own farmland. Urban farms located in with lower median income are more likely to have social goals related to building community or improving security food security.Originality/value– Urban agriculture is becoming more prevalent in many developed nations. At the same time, social entrepreneurship is gaining traction. Given the limited ability of urban farms in terms of food production, the social mission of urban farms arises as a possible explanation for the recent growth. This paper provides insight into a new phenomenon, and uses new data to provide insight into size, types of farms, and farmer well-being and address the social missions of urban farms in the USA.
Temporal dominance of sensations and dynamic liking evaluation of polenta sticks
Authors: Di Monaco Rossella , Miele Nicoletta Antonella , Volpe Stefania , Masi Paolo , Cavella Silvana 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) is a sensory method developed by Pineau et al. (2003) which studies the sequence of dominant sensations of a product during its consumption. TDS is believed to be more appropriate to explain consumer responses than static descriptive analysis due to its temporal element. The purpose of this paper is to define the temporal sensory profile of a new product: polenta stick. In particular, TDS method was used to measure the dominance of sensory attributes in polenta stick samples and dynamic consumer tests were performed in order to verify if the acceptability changed over time during sample consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– Eight polenta sticks, different in terms of storage conditions, cooking procedures and serving temperatures, were analysed by means of TDS with 13 assessors. During two preliminary sessions, the attributes list, constituted by the nine most cited sensations, was generated. Five replications were carried out. In dynamic consumer tests, 50 subjects were asked to give their liking on a seven-category scale for the frozen samples, in different five moments during the evaluation.

Findings
– TDS results showed a significant effect of the experimental conditions on dominant attribute perception of polenta sticks. For the oven-cooked samples, more flavour attributes were perceived as dominant, whereas for the fried samples, the attributes crispness and oiliness overcame with a high panel dominance rate and for a long time. For the chilled samples, crispness had the highest panel dominance rate; whereas for the frozen samples, creaminess was the most dominant attribute. Consumer liking scores did not significantly change over time during consumption for all the samples. The fried samples received the highest liking scores, at both serving temperatures.

Practical implications
– The chosen sensory methods gave the authors important information about the real perception of the products during consumption. A lot of foodstuffs show several sensory properties that appear in different times during evaluation and/or consumption. These properties could affect overall liking so they should be taken into account.

Originality/value
– New dynamic sensory methods were used to characterize a new food product, i.e. polenta-based sticks. The procedure used to evaluate the liking by consumers was completely innovative, whereas the sensory method used to characterize the samples was recently developed. The new food product was developed as an aim of an Italian research project funded by MiSE (Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico) for the valorization of maize flour (MAISFOOD, Industria 2015).
Applying the demand-control-support model on burnout in managers and non-managers
Authors: Blom Victoria , Bodin Lennart , Bergström Gunnar , Svedberg Pia 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the demand-control-support (DCS) model on burnout in male and female managers and non-managers, taking into account genetic and shared family environmental factors, contributing to the understanding of mechanisms of how and when work stress is related to burnout.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 5,510 individuals in complete same-sex twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry were included in the analyses. Co-twin control analyses were performed using linear mixed modeling, comparing between-pairs and within-pair effects, stratified by zygosity and sex.

Findings
– Managers scored higher on demands and control in their work than non-managers, and female managers seem to be particularly at risk for burnout facing more demands which are not reduced by a higher control as in their male counterparts. Co-twin analyses showed that associations between control and burnout as well as between demands and burnout seem to be affected by shared family environmental factors in male non-managers but not in male managers in which instead the associations between social support and burnout seem to be influenced by shared family environment.

Practical implications
– Taken together, the study offers knowledge that shared environment as well as sex and managerial status are important factors to consider in how DCS is associated to exhaustion.

Originality/value
– Using twin data with possibilities to control for genetics, shared environment, sex and age, this study offers unique insight into the DCS research, which focusses primarily on the workplace environment rather than individual factors.
Social capital and health and job related outcomes: the case of a large municipality
Authors: Løkke Ann-Kristina 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workplace social capital and health and job related outcomes in a large Danish municipality.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data used in this cross-sectional study are based on an electronic employee survey conducted in 2012 in a large municipality. Of the total population of 5,672 individuals, the number of participants amounted to 4,162, leading to a response rate of 73.4 percent. Binary logistic regression analysis is used as a statistical method, and odds ratios and their corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals have been estimated.

Findings
– The level of social capital is fairly high in the municipality (3.75 on a five-point scale). Social capital is related to health (OR=0.420) and psychological distress (OR=0.282) but has an even stronger relationship to job satisfaction and commitment (OR is 9.889 and 7.800, respectively). The study contributes with the conclusion that different sub-dimensions of social capital are related to health and job related outcomes. Therefore, managers need to be specific about what exactly they want to achieve with the implementation of social capital in municipalities.

Originality/value
– Research of the relationship between social capital and health and job related outcomes based on a case study approach of a municipality are limited. This paper makes an original contribution in providing evidence of the importance of social capital for Danish municipal sector employees’ health, job satisfaction, and commitment in a work context.
Enhancing building maintenance cost performance with proper management of spare parts
Authors: Au-Yong Cheong Peng , Ali Azlan Shah , Ahmad Faizah 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Scheduled building maintenance requires appropriate and adequate spare parts to replace existing parts on a regular basis. Management of spare parts is seen as an important criterion to ensure the efficiency of scheduled maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to identify the contributors of spare parts management and investigate the relationship between these contributors and maintenance cost performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research adopted a quantitative approach, which utilised questionnaire surveys to study the relationship between the contributors of spare parts management and maintenance cost performance. The data were analysed through descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. Additionally, a case study was examined to validate the results obtained from the survey.

Findings
– The results of this research demonstrated that the quality of spare parts (QSP), budget allocation for acquisition of spare parts, and level of stocks were significantly correlated to the maintenance cost variance (MCV). Moreover, the results of the regression analysis indicated that the QSP was the significant predictor of MCV.

Originality/value
– This research highlights the importance of spare parts management in building maintenance. It recommends that maintenance management set up a spare parts management department for updating stocks frequently. Meanwhile, the management should avoid ad-hoc acquisition of spare parts, as this is always more expensive. The management should also select spare parts based on quality instead of lowest cost. In addition, building managers should also apply the developed regression model in practice to predict and improve maintenance performance.