bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Molecular Weight on the Creep Resistance of Almost Molten Polyethylene Blends
Authors: Andersson Mattias G. , Städler Roman , Hagstrand Per‐Ola , Gkourmpis Thomas , Andersson Mats R. , Müller Christian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe most common route to improve the creep resistance of low density polyethylene (LDPE) is crosslinking, which however results in volatile decomposition products that must be removed. Blends of LDPE and an additive‐like amount of a linear polyethylene are found to offer improved creep resistance. Above the melting temperature of LDPE, Tm ≈ 111 °C, a load‐bearing network of higher‐melting crystallites—connected through tie chains and trapped entanglements—provides additional form stability. The molecular weight of the linear polyethylene is found to be critical for the ability to arrest creep, which is correlated with the probability of tie chain formation as well as cocrystallization of the two polyethylenes. A number of high‐density polyethylenes (HDPE) and one ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW‐PE) are explored. For blends of LDPE and 2 wt% of the linear polyethylene, an HDPE with a weight‐average molecular weight Mw of 16 kg mol−1 is found to be sufficient to arrest creep at 115 °C. Further improvement in terms of creep resistance is obtained in case of UHMW‐PE with creep fracture occurring only at a stress of 12 kPa at 115 °C.
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Therapeutic Targeting of Poly(ADP‐Ribose) Polymerase‐1 (PARP1) in Cancer: Current Developments, Therapeutic Strategies, and Future Opportunities
Authors: Rajawat Jyotika , Shukla Nidhi , Mishra Durga Prasad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) plays a central role in numerous cellular processes including DNA repair, replication, and transcription. PARP interacts directly, indirectly or via PARylation with various oncogenic proteins and regulates several transcription factors thereby modulating carcinogenesis. Therapeutic inhibition of PARP is therefore perceived as a promising anticancer strategy and a number of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are currently under development and clinical evaluation. PARPi inhibit the DNA repair pathway and thus form the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer therapeutics. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown the potential of PARPi as chemopotentiator, radiosensitizer, or as adjuvant therapeutic agents. Recent studies have shown that PARP‐1 could be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive in different cancers. PARP inhibitor resistance is also a growing concern in the clinical setting. Recently, changes in the levels of PARP‐1 activity or expression in cancer patients have provided the basis for consideration of PARP‐1 regulatory proteins as potential biomarkers. This review focuses on the current developments related to the role of PARP in cancer progression, therapeutic strategies targeting PARP‐associated oncogenic signaling, and future opportunities in use of PARPi in anticancer therapeutics.
Refining genotype–phenotype correlation in Alström syndrome through study of primary human fibroblasts
Authors: Chen Jian‐Hua , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Barrett Timothy G. , Paisey Richard , Semple Robert K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlström syndrome (AS), featuring retinal dystrophy, neuronal deafness, cardiomyopathy, metabolic syndrome, and diffuse fibrosis, is caused by biallelic mutations in the centrosomal protein ALMS1. Genotype–phenotype correlation has been suggested without assessment of ALMS1 expression.MethodsALMS1 expression (real‐time PCR and immunocytochemistry) and cilia formation (immunocytochemistry) were assessed in fibroblasts from deeply phenotyped volunteers diagnosed with AS recruited from a dedicated AS Service. Exome sequencing was used in two participants without convincing biallelic ALMS1 mutations, and BBS2 (Bardet–Biedl syndrome 2) protein expression was assessed in one patient with biallelic BBS2 mutations. Hedgehog‐induced GLI1 expression and PDGFA signaling was assessed using quantitative real‐time PCR, immunoblotting, or immunostaining of fixed cells after stimulation.ResultsIn 16 of the patient cell lines examined, ALMS1 protein was undetectable (14 with biallelic loss‐of‐function (LoF) mutations), and in two, ALMS1 staining was equivocal (one with biallelic LoF mutations). In five lines, ALMS1 expression was normal using at least one fixation method (one with biallelic LoF mutations). These differences were not accounted for by major differences in ALMS1 mRNA expression. Exome sequencing of two participants with normal ALMS1 expression identified biallelic LoF BBS2 mutations in one. No second, known ciliopathy mutation was found in the other patient, who had one LoF ALMS1 mutation. Phenotypes were milder or atypical in participants with preserved ALMS1 immunostaining, even when two with likely alternative genetic diagnoses were excluded. All cells studied developed normal cilia, ALMS1 and BBS2 mutant cells showed normal Hedgehog‐induced upregulation of GLI1 expression, and PDGFA signaling was normal in ALMS1‐deficient cells.ConclusionMilder or atypical presentations of AS should prompt genetic evaluation for alternative, clinically overlapping ciliopathies. A subgroup of patients with bona fide ALMS1 defects have milder phenotypes due to residual ALMS1 expression, which may be more important than mutation site.
Numerical simulation of a discontinuous gallery lining's behavior, and its interaction with rock
Authors: Salehnia F. , Sillen X. , Li X. L. , Charlier R. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDeep excavation in some geological media needs lining of the gallery. This could limit the extent of the so‐called excavation damaged zone and the resulting convergence of the material due to tunneling. Boom clay, the reference potential host rock in Belgium for disposal of high‐level radioactive waste, is one of these media for which lining of the gallery walls is essential. A correct simulation of the lining behavior in the course of the excavation process, where the rock comes into contact with the lining, and in the long term, remains a significant challenge in analysis of the whole coupled phenomena of rock in interaction with the lining. This study aims to numerically model the lining behavior. The main objective is to develop a model that could realistically simulate the behavior of a discontinuous lining made of concrete segments. We propose to numerically analyze the response of the blocks in contact with each other and in interaction with rock, with the use of zero‐thickness interface elements. To validate the developed model and a proposed approach, a particular analysis compares the obtained results with the available in situ measurements. This study then discusses the deficiency of the simplistic model that considers a continuous lining. In addition, regarding the contact mechanism on the interface between the rock and the lining, the obtained results demonstrate an interesting relation between the contact phenomena and the shear banding within the rock around the gallery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical implementation of anisotropic damage mechanics
Authors: Nairn John A. , Hammerquist Chad C. , Aimene Yamina E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis paper describes implementation of anisotropic damage mechanics in the material point method. The approach was based on previously proposed, fourth‐rank anisotropic damage tenors. For implementation, it was convenient to recast the stress update using a new damage strain partitioning tensor. This new tensor simplifies numerical implementation (a detailed algorithm is provided) and clarifies the connection between cracking strain and an implied physical crack with crack opening displacements. By using 2 softening laws and 3 damage parameters corresponding to 1 normal and 2 shear cracking strains, damage evolution can be directly connected to mixed tensile and shear fracture mechanics. Several examples illustrate interesting properties of robust anisotropic damage mechanics such as modeling of necking, multiple cracking in coatings, and compression failure. Direct comparisons between explicit crack modeling and damage mechanics in the same material point method code show that damage mechanics can quantitatively reproduce many features of explicit crack modeling. A caveat is that strengths and energies assigned to damage mechanics materials must be changed from measured material properties to apparent properties before damage mechanics can agree with fracture mechanics.
Exome sequencing reveals novel genetic loci influencing obesity‐related traits in Hispanic children
Authors: Sabo Aniko , Mishra Pamela , Dugan‐Perez Shannon , Voruganti V. Saroja , Kent Jack W. , Kalra Divya , Cole Shelley A. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Butte Nancy F. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo perform whole exome sequencing in 928 Hispanic children and identify variants and genes associated with childhood obesity.MethodsSingle‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified from Illumina whole exome sequencing data using integrated read mapping, variant calling, and an annotation pipeline (Mercury). Association analyses of 74 obesity‐related traits and exonic variants were performed using SeqMeta software. Rare autosomal variants were analyzed using gene‐based association analyses, and common autosomal variants were analyzed at the SNV level.Results(1) Rare exonic variants in 10 genes and 16 common SNVs in 11 genes that were associated with obesity traits in a cohort of Hispanic children were identified, (2) novel rare variants in peroxisome biogenesis factor 1 (PEX1) associated with several obesity traits (weight, weight z score, BMI, BMI z score, waist circumference, fat mass, trunk fat mass) were discovered, and (3) previously reported SNVs associated with childhood obesity were replicated.ConclusionsConvergence of whole exome sequencing, a family‐based design, and extensive phenotyping discovered novel rare and common variants associated with childhood obesity. Linking PEX1 to obesity phenotypes poses a novel mechanism of peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism underlying the development of childhood obesity.
Impact of induction chemotherapy, hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy and high‐dose thiotepa on brain volume loss and functional status of children with primitive neuroectodermal tumour
Authors: Szychot Elwira , Seunarine Kiran , Mankad Kshitij , Thust Steffi , Clark Chris , Gaze Mark N. , Michalski Antony 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of aggressive chemo‐radiotherapy regimens has improved overall survival in children with primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNET). However, these combinations may result in neurotoxicity. Previously reported magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children receiving intensive sequential chemotherapy, hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) and high‐dose thiotepa prompted us to investigate the degree of brain volume loss and patients’ functional status after therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinico‐radiological data of children with PNET treated in this way at our centre.ResultsWe studied 14 children treated between December 2009 and April 2013. Data were not complete for one child. Performance status was severely restricted in four children, and mildly to moderately impaired in 7 of the 13 children. Eleven of 13 children showed mild‐to‐severe generalised neuroparenchymal atrophy, in 7 of whom neuroparenchymal volume loss was moderate to severe. Of these seven, six had received high‐dose thiotepa. There was no correlation between brain volume loss and Lansky performance status. However, unexpected neurotoxicities, such as symptoms of transverse myelitis, were observed.ConclusionMeasurement of brain volume loss in patients treated with HART and high‐dose thiotepa may not be sufficient to predict function. However, correlation of brain volume loss due to late neurotoxicity with performance decline may be more obvious over longer period of follow‐up. The combination of HART and myeloablative courses of thiotepa is associated with severe neurotoxicity and subsequent decline in performance status in a significant proportion of patients.
Benchmarking a computational design method for the incorporation of metal ion‐binding sites at symmetric protein interfaces
Authors: Hansen William A. , Khare Sagar D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe design of novel metal‐ion binding sites along symmetric axes in protein oligomers could provide new avenues for metalloenzyme design, construction of protein‐based nanomaterials and novel ion transport systems. Here, we describe a computational design method, symmetric protein recursive ion‐cofactor sampling (SyPRIS), for locating constellations of backbone positions within oligomeric protein structures that are capable of supporting desired symmetrically coordinated metal ion(s) chelated by sidechains (chelant model). Using SyPRIS on a curated benchmark set of protein structures with symmetric metal binding sites, we found high recovery of native metal coordinating rotamers: in 65 of the 67 (97.0%) cases, native rotamers featured in the best scoring model while in the remaining cases native rotamers were found within the top three scoring models. In a second test, chelant models were crossmatched against protein structures with identical cyclic symmetry. In addition to recovering all native placements, 10.4% (8939/86013) of the non‐native placements, had acceptable geometric compatibility scores. Discrimination between native and non‐native metal site placements was further enhanced upon constrained energy minimization using the Rosetta energy function. Upon sequence design of the surrounding first‐shell residues, we found further stabilization of native placements and a small but significant (1.7%) number of non‐native placement‐based sites with favorable Rosetta energies, indicating their designability in existing protein interfaces. The generality of the SyPRIS approach allows design of novel symmetric metal sites including with non‐natural amino acid sidechains, and should enable the predictive incorporation of a variety of metal‐containing cofactors at symmetric protein interfaces.
Hybrid actuation with complementary allocation for depth control of a Lagrangian sea‐floor imaging platform
Authors: Snyder William , Roman Chris , Licht Stephen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA hybrid depth control approach, which utilizes both active buoyancy control and a bi‐directional vertical thruster, is presented for the Shallow Water Lagrangian Imaging Float. The approach is shown to reduce propulsion power and increase tracking accuracy compared to a single actuator system. Results are presented from field trials at Cordell Bank Marine Sanctuary and Scott Reef Nature Reserve at depths up to 60 m. Using heuristically tuned controllers, the hybrid actuation approach reduces average propulsion power by 65% with respect to a thruster‐only system, and by 73% with respect to a piston‐only system. A further 58% reduction in power consumption, and a 26% reduction in mean tracking error, is realized by combining state feedback control with a pair of complementary filters. The complementary filters are used to allocate vertical force command between the two actuation modes. Simulations are used to demonstrate that the power savings compared to a thruster‐only system result from elimination of steady state trim errors that are otherwise inevitable in field deployments. The control architecture described allows the user to directly tune (a) the time constant of the desired first‐order system dynamics and (b) the frequency cutoff between control using the “slow” active buoyancy system and control using the “fast” bi‐directional thruster. The results indicate that hybrid actuation and complementary filtering for control allocation are enabling technologies for energy‐constrained deep water platforms.
Detection of aircraft below the horizon for vision‐based detect and avoid in unmanned aircraft systems
Authors: Molloy Timothy L. , Ford Jason J. , Mejias Luis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVision‐based aircraft detection technology may provide a credible sensing option for automated detect and avoid in small‐to‐medium size fixed‐wing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Reliable vision‐based aircraft detection has previously been demonstrated in sky‐region sensing environments. This paper describes a novel vision‐based system for detecting aircraft below the horizon in the presence of ground clutter. We examine the performance of our system on a data set of 63 near collision encounters we collected between a camera‐equipped manned aircraft and a below‐horizon target. In these 63 encounters, our system successfully detects all aircraft, at an average detection range of 1890 m (with a standard error of 43 m and no false alarms in 1.1 h). Furthermore, our system does not require access to inertial sensor data (which significantly reduces system cost) and operates at over 12 frames per second.
Function call interception techniques
Authors: Kang Pilsung 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFunction call interception (FCI), or method call interception (MCI) in the object‐oriented programming domain, is a technique of intercepting function calls at program runtime. Without directly modifying the original code, FCI enables to undertake certain operations before and/or after the called function or even to replace the intercepted call. Thanks to this capability, FCI has been typically used to profile programs, where functions of interest are dynamically intercepted by instrumentation code so that the execution control is transferred to an external module that performs execution time measurement or logging operations. In addition, FCI allows for manipulating the runtime behavior of program components at the fine‐grained function level, which can be useful in changing an application's original behavior at runtime to meet certain execution requirements such as maintaining performance characteristics for different input problem sets. Due to this capability, however, some FCI techniques can be used as a basis of many security exploits for vulnerable systems. In this paper, we survey a variety of FCI techniques and tools along with their applications to diverse areas in the computing and software domains. We describe static and dynamic FCI techniques at large and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different implementations in this category. In addition, we also discuss aspect‐oriented programming implementation techniques for intercepting method calls.
Turking overtime: how participant characteristics and behavior vary over time and day on Amazon Mechanical Turk
Authors: Arechar Antonio A. , Kraft-Todd Gordon T. , Rand David G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOnline experiments allow researchers to collect datasets at times not typical of laboratory studies. We recruit 2336 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk to examine if participant characteristics and behaviors differ depending on whether the experiment is conducted during the day versus night, and on weekdays versus weekends. Participants make incentivized decisions involving prosociality, punishment, and discounting, and complete a demographic and personality survey. We find no time or day differences in behavior, but do find that participants at nights and on weekends are less experienced with online studies; on weekends are less reflective; and at night are less conscientious and more neurotic. These results are largely robust to finer-grained measures of time and day. We also find that those who participated earlier in the course of the study are more experienced, reflective, and agreeable, but less charitable than later participants.
Serious delinquency and later schizophrenia: A nationwide register-based follow-up study of Finnish pretrial 15- to 19-year-old offenders sent for a forensic psychiatric examination
Authors: Lindberg N. , Miettunen J. , Heiskala A. , Kaltiala-Heino R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground:Aggressive and disruptive behaviors often precede the onset of schizophrenia. In this register-based follow-up study with a case-control design, we wanted to investigate if serious delinquency was associated with future diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (here, broadly defined schizophrenia) among a nationwide consecutive sample of 15- to 19-year-old Finnish delinquents sent for a forensic psychiatric examination in 1989–2010.Methods:The sample comprised 313 delinquents with no past or current psychotic disorder. For each delinquent, four age-, gender- and place of birth -matched controls were randomly selected from the Central Population Register. Five controls (0.4%) had been treated for schizophrenia before their respective index-dates and were thus excluded from further analysis, leaving us with a control population of 1247 individuals. The subjects were followed till death, emigration or the end of 2015, whichever occurred first. Diagnoses were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care.Results:Forty (12.8%) of the delinquents and 11 (0.9%) of the controls were diagnosed with schizophrenia later in life (HR 16.6, 95% CI 8.53–32.39, P < 0.001). Almost half of the pretrial adolescents with later schizophrenia were diagnosed within 5 years of the forensic psychiatric examination, but latency was longer among the other half of the sample, reaching up to 20.5 years.Conclusions:The study supports the previous research indicating a potential link between serious delinquency and later schizophrenia. Accurate psychiatric assessments should be made in correctional services but also later in life so that any possible psychotic symptoms can be detected in individuals with a history of serious delinquency even if there were no signs of psychosis before or at the time of the crime. Future research should explore which factors influence the delinquent's risk of developing later schizophrenia.
Modeling of the formation of nonisothermal zoning in magnesian skarns in the ore-magmatic fluid systems of intrusive traps of the southern Siberian Platform
Authors: Mazurov M.P. , Bykova V.G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Using the Selector PC application, we studied the process of formation of magnesian skarns at the contact of dolerites with carbonate-salt deposits. The physicochemical parameters of metasomatic processes were estimated by studying the localization of skarn ore shoots and mineral assemblages in the deposits of the Angara–Ilim type. The action of magmatic fluids on the system dolerite–magnesian salt deposits and dolerite–carbonate-salt deposits resulted in zonal columns of infiltration magnesian skarns. The computation was carried out using a dynamic multireservoir model of a flow reactor with a constant temperature gradient and a uniform pressure. We have established that changes in the C/H ratio and Cl content in the fluid source affect the composition of the produced mineral assemblages. Depending on the temperature during the formation of skarns, different mineral assemblages are produced: diopside, enstatite, anorthite, quartz, ilmenite, hercynite, and pyrrhotite at 1040–1010 °C; monticellite, forsterite, magnetite, geikielite, periclase, spinel, calcite, and graphite at 980–740 °C; and calcite, dolomite, phlogopite, halite, and graphite at 710–380 °C. Wollastonite is observed in the rear zone of magnesian skarns. We examined the temperature-dependent sequence of formation of different types of silicates, spinels, and Ti-containing minerals in the metasomatic column. The computation results show that during crystallization, the tholeiitic magma releases a fluid phase with C/H = 0.1–1.0, amounting to 1.5–2.0 wt.%.