bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Defense of Trait‐Based Love
Authors: López Roger G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt is widely believed that a person's traits can function as reasons for loving her. (Many a metropolitan rag, for instance, carries lonely hearts ads that attest to this belief with their laundry lists of coveted characteristics.) Notable contemporary work in the philosophy of love has taken the rejection of this premise as its point of departure. As far as I can tell, none of that work has engaged with a careful philosophical exposition of the view under discussion. In the following pages, I will defend the idea of trait‐based love against three of its critics and one of its advocates. I will discuss work on this topic by Harry Frankfurt, Niko Kolodny and David Velleman, arguing that their criticisms fail and that the alternatives they offer to trait‐based love create more difficulties than they solve. What these authors have in common is a deflationary approach to love that reduces it to a beneficent disposition, a valuing relationship and a visceral form of moral regard, respectively. I will compare these to the multiplex, nuanced depiction of trait‐based love in Plato's Symposium. While it is plausible that love can motivate a beneficent disposition, develop in relationships and entails moral regard, I will argue that the attempt to reduce it to any of the foregoing fails. Frankfurt, Kolodny and Velleman reject trait‐based love in part because they think it would differ in unacceptable ways from the love most of us practice. Plato advocates the cultivation of a love that in some respects resembles the picture of trait‐based love the contemporary authors balk at. However, unlike those critics, he appreciates that trait‐based love need not resemble the ideal he proposes. His richer view of love accounts for elements such as need and feeling that the contemporary thinkers are driven to implausibly bracket as distractions. As I will try to show, the most compelling criticisms of Platonic love do not tell against its responsiveness to the loved one's traits. I will argue that trait‐based love is consistent with an intuitive picture of love and that this commonsense approach is more defensible than competing views in these texts. These authors' disagreements about what can count as reasons for love are bound up with the differences in what each takes love to be. Thus, in the course of arguing for trait‐based love, I will critically assess their various proposals as to the nature of love.
Species pools, community completeness and invasion: disentangling diversity effects on the establishment of native and alien species
Authors: Bennett Jonathan A. , Riibak Kersti , Kook Ene , Reier Ülle , Tamme Riin , Guillermo Bueno C. , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInvasion should decline with species richness, yet the relationship is inconsistent. Species richness, however, is a product of species pool size and biotic filtering. Invasion may increase with richness if large species pools represent weaker environmental filters. Measuring species pool size and the proportion realised locally (completeness) may clarify diversity‐invasion relationships by separating environmental and biotic effects, especially if species’ life‐history stage and origin are accounted for. To test these relationships, we added seeds and transplants of 15 native and alien species into 29 grasslands. Species pool size and completeness explained more variation in invasion than richness alone. Although results varied between native and alien species, seed establishment and biotic resistance to transplants increased with species pool size, whereas transplant growth and biotic resistance to seeds increased with completeness. Consequently, species pools and completeness represent multiple independent processes affecting invasion; accounting for these processes improves our understanding of invasion.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and cutting intensity on the agronomic performance of warm‐season grasses
Authors: Pontes L. da S. , Baldissera T. C. , Giostri A. F. , Stafin G. , dos Santos B. R. C. , Carvalho P. C. de F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResponses of grasses to N fertilization are affected by cutting intensity although little is known regarding the interactions of these factors in warm‐season grasses. Pre‐cutting canopy height, herbage accumulation and changes in the nutritive value of warm‐season grasses in response to four different management strategies were assessed from October 2011 to September 2014. Treatments included two cutting intensities (70 vs. 50% depletion of canopy height set by 95% light interception), two N fertilization levels (zero vs. 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) and six perennial C4 grass species (Axonopus catharinensis; Cynodon spp. hybrid Tifton 85; Hemarthria altissima cv. Flórida; Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana; Paspalum notatum cv. Pensacola; and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) grown in monoculture in a factorial experimental design. Canopy height varied among grass species, cutting intensity and N treatments, mainly among seasons, indicating that more than one management target (i.e. canopy height) existed throughout the plant growth cycle for each species. The largest herbage accumulation occurred in the N fertilization treatments for most species, regardless of cutting intensity. Nitrogen fertilization and 50% depletion of canopy height increased the leaf proportion and decreased the neutral detergent fibre content. Overall, N fertilization had a stronger positive impact than cutting intensity on the acid detergent fibre content, dry‐matter digestibility and crude protein content, but the magnitudes of the responses were species‐specific.
Clinicopathological significance of a solid component in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ohashi Ryuji , Kawahara Kiyoko , Namimatsu Shigeki , Igarashi Takehito , Sakatani Takashi , Sugitani Iwao , Naito Zenya 
Published: November 2016

AimsSolid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (SVPTC) is characterized by a solid component (SC) involving more than 50% of the tumour with the preservation of the classical cytological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the clinical significance of SC in PTC has been rarely examined. Herein, we investigated retrospectively the clinicopathological features of PTC with various degrees (10–85%) of SC (PTCSC).Methods and resultsPatients with PTCSC (n = 27) were stratified into SC‐major (SC > 50% of the tumour) and SC‐minor (SC < 49%) groups. The clinicopathological parameters were compared to the well‐differentiated PTC (WPTC) group (n = 47). Both SC‐minor (n = 18) and SC‐major (n = 9) groups had increased incidence of a large‐sized tumour, extracapsular extension and a high recurrence rate, compared to WPTC. Disease‐free survival (DFS) of both SC‐minor and SC‐major was shorter than that of WPTC (P = 0.035 and P = 0.016, respectively). Overall survival was similar among all the groups. Univariate analysis revealed that SC was associated significantly with a recurrence rate (P = 0.018). Using multivariate analysis, SC appeared to be associated with a recurrence rate with borderline significance (P = 0.055).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the presence of SC in PTC, regardless of the proportion, is associated with adverse clinical parameters and a shorter DFS.
High frequency of potential interactions between direct‐acting antivirals and concomitant therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus‐coinfected patients in clinical practice
Authors: Macías J , Monge P , Mancebo M , Merchante N , Neukam K , Real LM , Pineda JA 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyse the frequency and degree of potential drug−drug interactions (DDIs) between direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) and concomitant medication used by HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐coinfected patients, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) and other drugs.MethodsAll patients with HIV infection and viraemic HCV genotype 1, 3 or 4 coinfection attending a tertiary care centre in Spain (November 2014 to November 2015) were included in the study. DDIs were classified as major, i.e. drugs should not be co‐administered, or minor, i.e. close monitoring, dosage alteration or change in timing may be required if drugs are co‐administered, following the http://www.hep-druginteractions.org database recommendations.ResultsA total of 244 patients were included in the study, of whom 224 (92%) were previous injecting drug users. Major DDIs were found for: paritaprevir‐r/ombitasvir plus dasabuvir (3D), in 60 (44%) of 138 individuals with genotype 1; paritaprevir‐r/ombitasvir (2D), in 22 (37%) of 60 individuals with genotype 4; sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV), in four (2%) of 198 patients with genotype 1 or 4; simeprevir (SMV) plus SOF, in 160 (81%) of 198 patients with genotype 1 or 4; daclatasvir (DCV) plus SOF, in seven (3%) of 244 patients with genotype 1, 3 or 4 (P < 0.001). Minor DDIs were found for: 3D, in 123 (89%) individuals with genotype 1; 2D, in 52 (87%) individuals with genotype 4; SOF/LDV, in 154 (78%) patients with genotype 1 or 4; SMV plus SOF, in 129 (65%) patients with genotype 1 or 4; DCV plus SOF, in 149 (61%) patients with genotype 1, 3 or 4 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsDrug−drug interactions between DAAs and ART or other commonly prescribed medications are frequently found among HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients. Potential major and minor DDIs are more frequent with 3D, 2D and SMV plus SOF regimens.
Grifolin derivatives from Albatrellus ovinus as TRPV1 receptor blockers for cosmetic applications
Authors: Hettwer S. , Bänziger S. , Suter B. , Obermayer B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveBlocking the TRPV1 receptor is an interesting approach for the treatment of sensitive skin. Here we investigated the potential of grifolin derivatives from Albatrellus ovinus to act as TRPV1 receptor blockers and their potential to serve as cosmetic active ingredients.MethodsBinding characteristics of grifolin derivatives from Albatrellus ovinus were determined in competitive and functional in vitro assays to achieve IC50 values. The TRPV1 receptor was activated in vivo with capsaicin and noxious heat to investigate skin reddening, microcirculation, skin sensations and heat pain thresholds.ResultsGrifolin derivatives extracted from Albatrellus ovinus proved to inhibit the TRPV1 receptor in vitro and in vivo. Besides suppression of the TRPV1 receptor activity upon chemical stimulation with capsaicin, thermal activation was shown to be inhibited as well by application of cosmetic formulations containing 3% Albatrellus ovinus extract. The reduction of stinging and burning sensations as well as reduction of reddening and microcirculation upon irritation with capsaicin or thermal stress proved efficacy in vivo.ConclusionGrifolin derivatives from Albatrellus ovinus are able to serve as fungal‐derived TRPV1 receptor blockers with capability to serve as a cosmetic active ingredient on sensitive skin.
Characterisation of volatile compounds of farmed soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) by solid‐phase microextraction and the influence of matrix pH on the release of volatiles
Authors: Xu Yanqun , Limwachiranon Jarukitt , Li Li , Ru Qiaomei , Luo Zisheng 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAlthough farming and consuming of soft‐shelled turtle has been practised for centuries, the aroma‐impact compounds in the meat have not been determined. Furthermore, matrix pH, usually changing during processing and storage stage, was rarely investigated for the influence on volatile profiles. To these aims, soft‐shelled turtle meat was subjected to different pH conditions and the potential volatile compounds were analysed under different extraction conditions by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME). A total of forty‐three volatiles were identified; in which, nonanal, (E, E)‐2, 4‐heptadienal, octanal, decanal, hexanal, (E)‐2‐nonenal, heptanal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and o‐xylene were assigned as aroma‐impact compounds by high relative odour activity value (ROAV). Overly basic or acidic pH significantly (P < 0.05) facilitated the release of volatiles under moderate extraction conditions. The total volatilisation increased by 30.1% to 298% in pH‐shifted samples, while the highest one was found in pH 2 or pH 11. However, the results of principal components analysis (PCA) demonstrated that increased extraction time or temperature hindered the pH enhancement.
Unknown Knowns and Known Unknowns: Framing the Role of Organizational Learning in Corporate Social Responsibility Development
Authors: Fortis Zeynep , Maon François , Frooman Jeff , Reiner Gerald 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is now widely seen as an increasingly significant concern for firms because of moral, relational and instrumental motives. Nevertheless, practical aspects and challenges associated with CSR development in firms remains only partially understood. In this setting, the organizational learning (OL) discipline is recurrently put forward as key in the pursuit and successful development of CSR, but the existing literature remains disjointed. This study critically reviews the existing literature to conceptualize how research to date has approached CSR development in terms of OL, and to provide a two‐dimensional structuring framework of the role of OL in CSR development that emphasizes key OL‐related aspects supporting CSR development and goes beyond an organization‐centric viewpoint to consider not only learning within the organization, but also from others, and with others. In particular, the authors identify key learning processes and sub‐processes and critical areas that remain understudied. Overall, the authors propose a macro view of the work done to date at the intersection of OL and CSR, and in doing so help make the ‘OL for CSR development’ scholarship more recognizable as a sub‐discipline.
Silencing of ecdysone receptor, insect intestinal mucin and sericotropin genes by bacterially produced double‐stranded RNA affects larval growth and development in Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Israni B. , Rajam M. V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRNA interference mediated gene silencing, which is triggered by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), has become a important tool for functional genomics studies in various systems, including insects. Bacterially produced dsRNA employs the use of a bacterial strain lacking in RNaseIII activity and harbouring a vector with dual T7 promoter sites, which allow the production of intact dsRNA molecules. Here, we report an assessment of the functional relevance of the ecdysone receptor, insect intestinal mucin and sericotropin genes through silencing by dsRNA in two lepidopteran insect pests, Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella, both of which cause serious crop losses. Oral feeding of dsRNA led to significant reduction in transcripts of the target insect genes, which caused significant larval mortality with various moulting anomalies and an overall developmental delay. We also found a significant decrease in reproductive potential in female moths, with a drop in egg laying and compromised egg hatching from treated larvae as compared to controls. dsRNA was stable in the insect gut and was efficiently processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), thus accounting for the phenotypes observed in the present work. The study revealed the importance of these genes in core insect processes, which are essential for insect development and survival.
Spectrophotometric color analysis of maxillary permanent central incisors in a pediatric population: a preliminary study
Authors: Savas Selcuk , Kavrik Fevzi , Yasa Bilal , Kucukyilmaz Ebru 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAlthough several studies have reported the color distribution of maxillary central incisors and the effects of age and gender, a reliable database of the color of newly erupted teeth with open apices and the effect of the root development stage on tooth color shades do not currently exist.AimThe purpose of this in vivo study was to perform a spectrophotometric color analysis of maxillary permanent central incisors based on apical developmental stage, age, and gender groups.DesignA total of 734 maxillary permanent central incisors from 367 children aged 7–18 years who have fully erupted, intact, unrestored, vital right and left maxillary central incisors were evaluated. The patients were divided into nine groups, according to the root development stage and age. Digital images were quantified by non‐contact spectrophotometry to determine the tooth color. Each tooth's color shade and L*, a*, and b* values were recorded. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed statistically with a multivariate analysis of variance test, and the color shades were analyzed with chi‐square tests at the α = 0.05 level.ResultsThe most common general tooth shade, for both genders, was A2. A statistically significant difference was found between the 7‐ to 12‐year‐old and 13‐ to 18‐year‐old age groups in the general tooth shade and its L* value in the overall, cervical, middle, and incisal sites (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere is a strong relationship between the apical developmental stages of the teeth and the L* values.
Root coverage using porcine collagen matrix with fibroblast growth factor‐2: a pilot study in dogs
Authors: Cha Jae Kook , Sun Yoo‐Kyung , Lee Jung‐Seok , Choi Seong‐Ho , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) in combination with porcine collagen matrix (CM) for coverage of gingival recession defects in dogs.Materials and MethodsIn five male mongrel dogs, labial gingival recession defects were surgically created in the lower‐third incisors bilaterally. The defects were randomly assigned to the CM/FGF‐2 group (experimental) or the CM‐only group (control). Standardized clinical photographs and silicone impressions were taken at 4 and 16 weeks of healing to calculate the remaining recession area. The dogs were euthanized after 16 weeks for histometric analysis.ResultsAt 4 weeks, the recession area of the CM/FGF‐2 group was significantly smaller than that of the CM‐only group (2.55 ± 0.66 and 4.92 ± 1.05 mm2, respectively, p = 0.023), However, no significant difference was observed at 16 weeks. Histometrically, the amount of newly formed cementum was larger in the CM/FGF‐2 group than in the CM‐only group at 16 weeks (1.55 ± 0.44 and 0.88 ± 0.51 mm, respectively, p = 0.024).ConclusionsThe combination of CM/FGF‐2 may enhance the early wound healing and may promote cementum formation to a higher extent compared to the use of CM alone.
Impact of platform switching on inter‐proximal bone levels around 8.5 mm implants in the posterior region; 5‐year results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Telleman Gerdien , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the medium‐term results of 8.5 mm implants supplied with a conventional platform‐matched implant‐abutment connection or a platform‐switched design.Materials and MethodsEighty patients with one or more missing teeth in the maxillary or mandibular posterior zone were randomly assigned for treatment with implants with a conventional (control group) or platform‐switched (test group) implant‐abutment connection. Follow‐up visits were conducted 1 month, 1 year and 5 years after functional loading. Inter‐proximal bone loss, assessed with standardized peri‐apical radiographs, clinical parameters, survival of implants and satisfaction of patients were the outcome parameters studied.ResultsAfter 5 years of loading, five of the 80 patients were lost to follow‐up. The inter‐proximal bone loss in the test group (0.38 ± 0.61 mm) was comparable to the bone loss in the control group (0.41 ± 0.47 mm; p = 0.201). Remarkably, bone loss has not progressed compared to the 1‐year results. Implant survival, clinical parameters and satisfaction of the patients were favourable and comparable for the test and control group.ConclusionThe 5‐years results showed that inter‐proximal bone resorption was minor and comparable around platform‐matched and platform‐switched implants, and implant survival, peri‐implant health and patients’ satisfaction were favourable.
Genetic differentiation and adaptive evolution at reproductive loci in incipient Drosophila species
Authors: Almeida F. C. , DeSalle R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAccessory gland proteins (Acps) are part of the seminal fluid of male Drosophila flies. Some Acps have exceptionally high evolutionary rates and evolve under positive selection. Proper interactions between Acps and female reproductive molecules are essential for fertilization. These observations lead to suggestions that fast evolving Acps could be involved in speciation by promoting reproductive incompatibilities between emerging species. To test this hypothesis, we used population genetics data for three sibling species: D. mayaguana, D. parisiena and D. straubae. The latter two species are morphologically very similar and show only incipient reproductive isolation. This system allowed us to examine Acp evolution at different time frames with respect to speciation and reproductive isolation. Comparing data of 14 Acp loci with data obtained for other genomic regions, we found that some Acps show extraordinarily high levels of divergence between D. mayaguana and its two sister species D. parisiena and D. straubae. This divergence was likely driven by adaptive evolution at several loci. No fixed nucleotide differences were found between D. parisiena and D. straubae, however. Nevertheless, some Acp loci did show significant differentiation between these species associated with signs of positive selection; these loci may be involved in this early phase of the speciation process.
α‐Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex moonlighting: ROS signalling added to the list
Authors: Fernandez Emilio , Bolaños Juan P. 
Published: November 2016

Read the highlighted article ‘Reductions in the mitochondrial enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in neurodegenerative disease – beneficial or detrimental?’ on page 823.
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Tongue‐to‐palate resistance training improves tongue strength and oropharyngeal swallowing function in subacute stroke survivors with dysphagia
Authors: Kim H. D. , Choi J. B. , Yoo S. J. , Chang M. Y. , Lee S. W. , Park J. S. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryTongue function can affect both the oral and pharyngeal stages of the swallowing process, and proper tongue strength is vital for safe oropharyngeal swallowing. This trial investigated the effect of tongue‐to‐palate resistance training (TPRT) on tongue strength and oropharyngeal swallowing function in stroke with dysphagia patients. This trial was performed using a 4‐week, two‐group, pre–post‐design. Participants were allocated to the experimental group (n = 18) or the control group (n = 17). The experimental group performed TPRT for 4 weeks (5 days per week) and traditional dysphagia therapy, whereas the control group performed traditional dysphagia therapy on the same schedule. Tongue strength was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Swallowing function was measured using the videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) and penetration–aspiration scale (PAS) based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Experimental group showed more improved in the tongue strength (both anterior and posterior regions, P = 0·009, 0·015). In addition, the experimental group showed more improved scores on the oral and pharyngeal phase of VDS (P = 0·029, 0·007), but not on the PAS (P = 0·471), compared with the control group. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of TPRT in increasing tongue muscle strength and improving swallowing function in patients with post‐stroke dysphagia. Therefore, we recommend TPRT as an easy and simple rehabilitation strategy for improving swallowing in patients with dysphagia.