bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt and Iron Oxides Co‐supported on Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity in Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Zhao Ye‐Min , Wang Fei‐Fei , Wei Ping‐Jie , Yu Guo‐Qiang , Cui Shi‐Cong , Liu Jin‐Gang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeveloping efficient non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in energy conversion and storage devices is highly desirable but challenging. This report describes a general approach for preparing cobalt and iron oxide nanoparticles co‐supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon materials as an efficient oxygen electrode catalyst with an improved catalytic activity toward OER and ORR; these nanoparticles were obtained through pyrolysis of Co‐ and Fe‐based metal–organic frameworks grown directly on the surface of polyvinylimidazole‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The Fe/Co–CNTs‐800 catalyst pyrolyzed at 800 °C exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with only ∼50 mV lesser activity than that of Pt/C at the half‐wave potential, and for OER, with only ∼70 mV lesser activity than that of RuO2 at a current density of 10 mA⋅cm−2 in a 0.1 M KOH solution. The potential difference between OER and ORR for Fe/Co–CNTs‐800 (ΔEOER–ORR) was 0.905 V, which was significantly lower than that for noble‐metal catalysts (20 wt% Pt/C (1.137 V) and RuO2 (1.341 V)). The preparation temperature and value of Fe/Co in the catalyst composite are crucial for achieving high electrocatalytic activity for both ORR and OER.
HDAC Inhibitors: Novel Immunosuppressants for Allo‐ and Xeno‐ Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Qing , Dai Yifan , Cai Zhiming , Mou Lisha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImmune rejection is the major obstacle to graft survival and quality of life of recipients after organ transplantation. The immunosuppressants applied in clinical face severe safety and efficacy issues. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are emerging novel drug targets in the treatment of malignancies and immune disorders. HDAC inhibitors show potential as valuable immune regulators after allo‐ or xeno‐organ transplantation. However, studies that evaluate HDAC inhibitors and mechanisms are still limited. In this review, we focused on the immunomodulatory effects of HDAC inhibitors in transplantation. Finally, we discussed the implications and challenges of applying HDAC inhibitors in allo‐ and xeno‐transplantation.
Highly Active Black TiO2/N‐doped Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposites For Sunlight Driven Photocatalytic Sewage Treatment
Authors: Bu Xiuming , Yang Siwei , Bu Yu , He Peng , Yang Yucheng , Wang Gang , Li Huijun , Wang Ping , Wang Xianying , Ding Guqiao , Yang Junhe , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this manuscript, we demonstrated that black TiO2‐x/N‐doped graphene quantum dots (BTNG) nanocomposite photocatalysts exhibit extremely high photocatalytic activity while degradating Rhodamine B (RhB) dye and other common organic species (>15 species were tested). The kinetic constant is 0.86 min−1 under the irradiation of simulated sunlight, which is the highest among all the reported values of TiO2 based photocatalysts. The photocurrent intensity can reach 2.7 mA cm−2, indicating the excellent separation efficiency of the electrons and holes. The BTNG photocatalysts can decompose most of organic pollutants in the industrial sewage, with the total organic carbon (TOC) decreasing from 370 mg to 57 mg under 30 mins sunlight irradiation. The BTNG also has good stability and cycling performance. Possible mechanisms for the high photocatalytic performance of BTNG were proposed and discussed.
Has Shouldice Repair in a Selected Group of Patients with Inguinal Hernia Comparable Results to Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP Techniques?
Authors: Köckerling F. , Koch A. , Adolf D. , Keller T. , Lorenz R. , Fortelny R. H. , Schug‐Pass C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the new international guidelines only the mesh‐based Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP techniques are recommended. This present analysis of data from the Herniamed Registry compares the outcome for Shouldice versus Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP.MethodsPropensity score matching analyses were performed to obtain homogeneous comparison groups for Shouldice versus Lichtenstein (n = 2115/2608; 81.1%), Shouldice versus TEP (n = 2225/2608; 85.3%) and Shouldice versus TAPP (2400/2608; 92.0%).ResultsThe most important characteristics of the Shouldice patient collective were younger patients with a mean age of 40 years, a large proportion of women of 30%, a mean BMI value of 24 and a proportion of defect sizes up to 3 cm of over 85%. For this selected patient collective, propensity score matched‐pair analysis did not identify any difference in the perioperative and one‐year follow‐up outcome compared with TAPP, fewer intraoperative (0.5 vs. 1.3%; p = 0.009) but somewhat more postoperative complications (2.3 vs. 1.5%; p = 0.050) compared with TEP and advantages with regard to pain at rest (4.6 vs. 6.1%; p = 0.039) and on exertion (10.0 vs. 13.4%; p < 0.001) compared with the Lichtenstein technique.ConclusionFor a selected group of patients the Shouldice technique can be used for primary unilateral inguinal hernia repair while achieving an outcome comparable to that of Lichtenstein, TEP and TAPP operations.
Diversity and antagonistic potential of bacteria isolated from marine grass Halodule uninervis
Authors: Bibi Fehmida , Naseer Muhammad Imran , Hassan Ahmed Mohamad , Yasir Muhammad , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed Abdullah Khalaf , Azhar Esam Ibrahim 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to isolate bacteria from sea grass,Halodule uninerviscollected from the coastal area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to screen them for antifungal and enzymatic activities. We have isolated 162 rhizo and endophytic bacteria from soil, roots, and leaves of the sea grass. Antifungal screening of isolated bacteria revealed 19 strains (11.7%) capable to inhibit growth of four pathogenic fungi,Pythium ultimum,Phytophthora capsici,pyricularia oryzae,andRhizoctonia solaniin an in vitro assay. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed 97–99.9% sequence identity to recognized species.Bacillus,Staphylococcus,Jeotgalicoccus,andPlanococcus, within the Phylum Firmicutes,Kocuria,Arthrobacter,OrnithinimicrobiumandCorynebacterium(Actinobacteria),Sulfitobacter,Roseivivax,Ruegeria(α-Proteobacteria),Moraxella,andVibrio(γ-Proteobacteria), were isolated. Strains belong to Phylum Firmicutes remain dominant antagonistic bacteria in this study. Further hydrolytic enzyme production was determined for these antagonistic bacteria. Our results demonstrated that the sea grass represents an important source of diverse antagonistic bacteria capable of producing antifungal metabolite.
Towards a CAD-based automatic procedure for patient specific cutting guides to assist sternal osteotomies in pectus arcuatum surgical correction
Authors: Carfagni Monica , Facchini Flavio , Furferi Rocco , Ghionzoli Marco , Governi Lapo , Messineo Antonio , Uccheddu Francesca , Volpe Yary 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Pectus Arcuatum, a rare congenital chest wall deformity, is characterized by the protrusion and early ossification of sternal angle thus configuring as a mixed form of excavatum and carinatum features. Surgical correction of pectus arcuatum always includes one or more horizontal sternal osteotomies, consisting in performing a V-shaped horizontal cutting of the sternum (resection prism) by means of an oscillating power saw. The angle between the saw and the sternal body in the V-shaped cut is determined according to the peculiarity of the specific sternal arch. The choice of the right angle, decided by the surgeon on the basis of her/his experience, is crucial for a successful intervention. The availability of a patient-specific surgical guide conveying the correct cutting angles can considerably improve the chances of success and, at the same time, reduce the intervention time. The present paper aims to propose a new CAD-based approach to design and produce custom-made surgical guides, manufactured by using additive manufacturing techniques, to assist the sternal osteotomy. Starting from CT images, the procedure allows to determine correct resection prism and to shape the surgical guide accordingly taking into account additive manufacturing capabilities. Virtually tested against three case studies the procedure demonstrated its effectiveness.
Highlights Patient-specific surgical guide improves the chances of success in sternal osteotomy. A CAD-based approach to design and produce custom-made surgical guides is proposed. The proposed framework entails both a series of automatic and user-guided tasks.
Women (and Men) on the Move: Scots in the English North c. 1440
Authors: Bennett Judith M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlien subsidies suggest that many men and few women immigrated to England between 1440 and 1487. This article examines the one exception to this pattern: the large numbers of Scotswomen assessed as aliens in Cumberland, Westmorland, and Northumberland in 1440. It considers why so many women are found in these particular returns, what we can know about them, and how this knowledge might change our histories of women, labor, and mobility in both Scotland and England.
The Church of England, Homosexual Law Reform, and the Shaping of the Permissive Society, 1957–1979
Authors: Ramsay Laura Monica 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article re-examines existing narratives of British permissiveness and secularization through a discussion of the Church of England's role in shaping the 1967 Sexual Offences Act and ongoing debates on homosexuality in the 1970s. It suggests—contrary to existing narratives of religious decline and marginalization—that the views of church commentators, and the opinions of the Established Church more generally, remained of real cultural and political influence in the years leading up to the 1967 Act. Religious authorities were thus more responsible for the moral landscape of the permissive society than historians previously assumed. Nevertheless, British permissiveness was full of contradictions, not only in terms of the unexpected ways in which reform was shaped and brought about, but in terms of the constraints of the new moral settlement which decriminalized homosexual behavior within modest boundaries. Such contradictions were not confined to the opinions of religious commentators—they were the genuine essence of the position on which the moral consensus in favor of homosexual law reform was based. Through a consideration of the final collapse of this moral consensus in the years after 1970, this article reassesses questions of the nature and timing of British secularization. It considers how the Church of England, although anticipating and shaping earlier developments in approaches toward sexual morality, unintentionally left itself out in the cold in the years after 1970, as progressive opinion began to move away from the consensus on which the 1967 Act had been based.
Effects of case-load size on the process of care of patients with severe psychotic illness. Report from the UK700 trial
Authors: Burns Tom , Fiander Matthew , Kent Andy , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Byford Sarah , Fahy Tom , Kumar Kay Raj 
Published: January 2018

Background
Studies of intensive case management (ICM) for patients with psychotic illnesses have produced conflicting results in terms of outcome. Negative results have sometimes been attributed to a failure to deliver differing patterns of care.

Aims
To test whether the actual care delivered in a randomised clinical trial of ICM v. standard case management (the UK700 trial) differed significantly.

Method
Data on 545 patients' care were collected over 2 years. All patient contacts and all other patient-centred interventions (e.g. telephone calls, carer contacts) of over 15 minutes were prospectively recorded. Rates and distributions of these interventions were compared.

Results
Contact frequency was more than doubled in the ICM group. There were proportionately more failed contacts and carer contacts but there was no difference in the average length of individual contacts or the proportion of contacts in the patients' homes.

Conclusions
The failure to demonstrate outcome differences in the UK700 study is not due to a failure to vary the treatment process. UK standard care contains many of the characteristics of assertive outreach services and differences in outcome may require that greater attention be paid to delivering evidence-based interventions.

Declaration of interest
None.
CEDAW AND THE SECURITY COUNCIL: ENHANCING WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN CONFLICT
Authors: O'Rourke Catherine , Swaine Aisling 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe proliferation of legal and normative standards regulating women's rights in conflict has been accompanied by concerns about their efficacy. The article examines the activities of the CEDAW Committee and the UN Security Council and considers how synergies might be advanced. The article finds that, while the Security Council has unique authority over UN system activities, sanctions and peacekeeping, the CEDAW Committee—as a human rights treaty monitoring body—possesses the more effective system of State accountability and the more robust commitment to women's equality and rights. The article proposes measures for the optimum interaction between both institutions in order to maximize overall accountability for women's rights in conflict.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence, and associated risk factors in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Casavechia Maria Teresinha , de Melo Gessilda de Alcântara Nogueira , Da Silva Fernandes Andrea Claudia Bekner , De Castro Karin Reinhold , Pedroso Raissa Bocchi , Da Silva Santos Thaís , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in Brazil. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) databases, scientific publications articles, according to The PRISMA Statement, from 2000 to 2016. A total of 27 studies were included according to the established criteria. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection varied widely, from 0·1 to 73·1%, based on Kato-Katz technique. Of the identified studies, 42·9% were performed in the state of Minas Gerais, and 33·3% were performed in the northeast region of Brazil. We identified sex, age, education level, family income, contact with water and the presence of the intermediate host snail as major risk factors associated with infection. The meta-analysis summarized a high prevalence rate pooled for Schistosoma mansoni. On the other hand, the analysis of the subgroup showed a highly significant reduction of the prevalence rate after control measures. The epidemiological factors evidenced in the studies show the influence of environmental and social conditions on the occurrence of schistosomiasis.
The adequacy of Launchbury's natural semantics for lazy evaluation
Authors: BREITNER JOACHIM 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn his seminal paper “A Natural Semantics for Lazy Evaluation”, John Launchbury proves his semantics correct with respect to a denotational semantics, and outlines a proof of adequacy. Previous attempts to rigorize the adequacy proof, which involves an intermediate natural semantics and an intermediate resourced denotational semantics, have failed. We devised a new, direct proof that skips the intermediate natural semantics. It is the first rigorous adequacy proof of Launchbury's semantics. We have modeled our semantics in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle and machine-checked our proofs. This does not only provide a maximum level of rigor, but also serves as a tool for further work, such as a machine-checked correctness proof of a compiler transformation.
Global social indicators and the concept of legitimacy
Authors: Siems Mathias , Nelken David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlobal social indicators have become a core point of interest of scholarship in law and other social sciences. The term ‘legitimacy’ is occasionally mentioned in this literature but without in-depth discussion. This paper aims to fill this gap by way of exploring the relationship between global social indicators and the concept of legitimacy. The crucial issue of such indicators is that, being drafted in a general fashion and based on a quantitative metric, they can be regarded as somehow ‘law-like’, thus raising questions about their legitimacy. This paper addresses these issues at both the general level of social theory and the operation of indicators in action.
Multiple entry pathways within the efflux transporter AcrB contribute to multidrug recognition
Authors: Zwama Martijn , Yamasaki Seiji , Nakashima Ryosuke , Sakurai Keisuke , Nishino Kunihiko , Yamaguchi Akihito 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAcrB is the major multidrug exporter in Escherichia coli. Although several substrate-entrances have been identified, the specificity of these various transport paths remains unclear. Here we present evidence for a substrate channel (channel 3) from the central cavity of the AcrB trimer, which is connected directly to the deep pocket without first passing the switch-loop and the proximal pocket . Planar aromatic cations, such as ethidium, prefer channel 3 to channels 1 and 2. The efflux through channel 3 increases by targeted mutations and is not in competition with the export of drugs such as minocycline and erythromycin through channels 1 and 2. A switch-loop mutant, in which the pathway from the proximal to the deep pocket is hindered, can export only channel 3-utilizing drugs. The usage of multiple entrances thus contributes to the recognition and transport of a wide range of drugs with different physicochemical properties.
Author Correction: A chip-integrated coherent photonic-phononic memory
Authors: Merklein Moritz , Stiller Birgit , Vu Khu , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2018

The original version of this Article omitted the Acknowledgements section:“This work was sponsored by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Laureate Fellowship (FL120100029) and the Centre of Excellence program (CUDOS CE110001010). We acknowledge the support of the ANFF ACT.”This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Deep level transient spectroscopic investigation of phosphorus-doped silicon by self-assembled molecular monolayers
Authors: Gao Xuejiao , Guan Bin , Mesli Abdelmadjid , Chen Kaixiang , Dan Yaping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is known that self-assembled molecular monolayer doping technique has the advantages of forming ultra-shallow junctions and introducing minimal defects in semiconductors. In this paper, we report however the formation of carbon-related defects in the molecular monolayer-doped silicon as detected by deep-level transient spectroscopy and low-temperature Hall measurements. The molecular monolayer doping process is performed by modifying silicon substrate with phosphorus-containing molecules and annealing at high temperature. The subsequent rapid thermal annealing drives phosphorus dopants along with carbon contaminants into the silicon substrate, resulting in a dramatic decrease of sheet resistance for the intrinsic silicon substrate. Low-temperature Hall measurements and secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that phosphorus is the only electrically active dopant after the molecular monolayer doping. However, during this process, at least 20% of the phosphorus dopants are electrically deactivated. The deep-level transient spectroscopy shows that carbon-related defects are responsible for such deactivation.
Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US9 targets MAVS and STING signaling to evade type I interferon immune responses
Authors: Choi Hyun jin , Park Areum , Kang Sujin , Lee Eunhye , Lee Taeyun A. , Ra Eun A. , Lee Jiseon , Lee Sungwook , Park Boyoun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has evolved sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms that target both the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, how HCMV encoded proteins are involved in this immune escape is not clear. Here, we show that HCMV glycoprotein US9 inhibits the IFN-β response by targeting the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated signaling pathways. US9 accumulation in mitochondria attenuates the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to promotion of MAVS leakage from the mitochondria. Furthermore, US9 disrupts STING oligomerization and STING–TBK1 association through competitive interaction. Intriguingly, US9 blocks interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) nuclear translocation and its cytoplasmic domain is essential for inhibiting IRF3 activation. Mutant HCMV lacking US7-16 is impaired in antagonism of MAVS/STING-mediated IFN-β expression, an effect that is reversible by the introduction of US9. Our findings indicate that HCMV US9 is an antagonist of IFN signaling to persistently evade host innate antiviral responses.
The evolution of substrate discrimination in macrolide antibiotic resistance enzymes
Authors: Pawlowski Andrew C. , Stogios Peter J. , Koteva Kalinka , Skarina Tatiana , Evdokimova Elena , Savchenko Alexei , Wright Gerard D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe production of antibiotics by microbes in the environment and their use in medicine and agriculture select for existing and emerging resistance. To address this inevitability, prudent development of antibiotic drugs requires careful consideration of resistance evolution. Here, we identify the molecular basis for expanded substrate specificity in MphI, a macrolide kinase (Mph) that does not confer resistance to erythromycin, in contrast to other known Mphs. Using a combination of phylogenetics, drug-resistance phenotypes, and in vitro enzyme assays, we find that MphI and MphK phosphorylate erythromycin poorly resulting in an antibiotic-sensitive phenotype. Using likelihood reconstruction of ancestral sequences and site-saturation combinatorial mutagenesis, supported by Mph crystal structures, we determine that two non-obvious mutations in combination expand the substrate range. This approach should be applicable for studying the functional evolution of any antibiotic resistance enzyme and for evaluating the evolvability of resistance enzymes to new generations of antibiotic scaffolds.
Blood plasma/IgG N-glycome biosignatures associated with major depressive disorder symptom severity and the antidepressant response
Authors: Park Dong Ik , Štambuk Jerko , Razdorov Genadij , Pučić-Baković Maja , Martins-de-Souza Daniel , Lauc Gordan , Turck Christoph W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile N-linked glycosylation has been extensively studied in the context of inflammatory and metabolic disorders, its relationship with major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant treatment response has not been investigated. In our exploratory study, we analysed N-glycan profiles in blood plasma samples collected from MDD patients (n = 18) and found gender-dependent correlations with severity of depressive symptoms prior to initiating antidepressant treatment. In addition, several N-glycosylation traits showed gender-dependent associations with clinical antidepressant response. Follow up proteomics analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from MDD patients (n = 20) identified baseline and post-antidepressant treatment pathway differences between responder and non-responder patients. Reactome data analysis further delineated potential biological reaction differences between responder and non-responder patients. Our preliminary results suggest that specific glycosylation traits are associated with depressive symptom severity and antidepressant response and may be of use as biomarkers.