bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterprise information and communications technology software pricing and developer productivity measurement
Authors: Fleming Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 1999 addition of business sector software and services spending to the National Income and Product Accounts was an important innovation, achieving a novel focus on the measurement of intangible asset investment. Over the intervening years, enterprise information and communication technology (ICT) has fundamentally changed. The transformation has raised questions about the extent of the decline of ICT function software prices. As a software producing sector, the business sector ICT function now has a much wider array of production factor choices. In addition, labor and multifactor software development productivity, an important sources of value creation, varies widely from year to year. With the use of a two‐sector model and a standard growth accounting framework, a business sector ICT function shadow price is estimated, finding that software price declines have been underestimated by 4.4 percentage points (ppt) over 2015 to 2021. The impact on GDP growth is a 0.1 ppt underestimate. Correcting the underestimate increases software spending from 19.6% to 24.7% of nonresidential fixed investment, and from 47.4% to 59.9% of real intellectual property product spending.
Firing properties of single axons with cardiac rhythmicity in the human cervical vagus nerve
Authors: Farmer David G. S. , Patros Mikaela , Ottaviani Matteo M. , Dawood Tye , Kumric Marko , Bozic Josko , Badour Matt I. , Bain Anthony R. , Barak Otto F. , Dujic Zeljko , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroneurographic recordings of the human cervical vagus nerve have revealed the presence of multi‐unit neural activity with measurable cardiac rhythmicity. This suggests that the physiology of vagal neurones with cardiovascular regulatory function can be studied using this method. Here, the activity of cardiac rhythmic single units was discriminated from human cervical vagus nerve recordings using template‐based waveform matching. The activity of 44 cardiac rhythmic neurones (22 with myelinated axons and 22 with unmyelinated axons) was isolated. By consideration of each unit's firing pattern with respect to the cardiac and respiratory cycles, the functional identification of each unit was attempted. Of note is the observation of seven cardiac rhythmic neurones with myelinated axons whose activity was recruited or enhanced by slow, deep breathing, was maximal during the nadir of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and showed an expiratory peak. This is characteristic of cardioinhibitory efferent neurones, which are responsible for respiratory sinus arrhythmia. The remaining 15 cardiac rhythmic neurones with myelinated axons were categorised as cardiopulmonary receptors or arterial baroreceptors based on the position of their peak in firing with respect to the R‐wave of the cardiac cycle. This latter method is not viable for neurones with unmyelinated axons due to their slow and unknown conduction velocities. With the exception of three neurones whose expiratory modulation implicates them as cardiac‐projecting efferent neurones, this population is likely dominated by arterial baroreceptors. In conclusion, the activity of single units with cardiovascular function has been discriminated within the human cervical vagus, enabling their systematic study.
imageKey points
Recordings of the electrical activity of the vagus nerve have recently been made at the level of the neck in humans.
Examination of the gross activity of this nerve reveals subpopulations of neurones whose activity fluctuates in time with the heart's beat, suggesting that the neurones that monitor or modify cardiac function can be studied using this method.
Here, the activity of individual cardiac rhythmic neurones was isolated from human vagus nerve recordings using template‐based spike sorting. The relationship between this activity and the cardiac and respiratory cycles was used as a means of classifying each neurone.
Neuronal firing patterns that are consistent with that of neurones that modify cardiac function, including heart‐slowing ‘cardioinhibitory’ neurones, as well as neurones that inform the brain of cardiovascular status were observed.
This approach enables, for the first time, the systematic study of the function of these neurones in humans in both health and disease.
Boosting Engineering Optimization With a Novel Recursive Transfer Bifidelity Surrogate Modeling
Authors: Song Xueguan , Zhang Shuai , Pang Yong , Li Jianji , Zhang Jiankang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the engineering optimization, there often exist the multiple sources of information with different fidelity levels. In general, low-fidelity (LF) information is usually more accessible than high-fidelity (HF) information, while the latter is usually more accurate than the former. Thus, to capitalize on the advantages of this information, this study proposes a novel recursive transfer bifidelity surrogate modeling to fuse information from HF and LF levels. First, the selection method of optimal scale factor is proposed for constructing bifidelity surrogate model. Then, a recursive method is developed to further improve its performance. The efficacy of the proposed model is comprehensively evaluated using numerical problems and an engineering example. Comparative analysis with some surrogate models (five multifidelity and a single-fidelity surrogate models) demonstrates the superior prediction accuracy and robustness of the proposed model. Additionally, the impact of varying cost ratios and combinations of HF and LF samples on the performance of the proposed model is also investigated, yielding consistent results. Overall, the proposed model has superior performance and holds potential for practical applications in engineering design optimization problems.
Fetal haemoglobin and oxygen requirement in preterm infants: an observational study
Authors: Ulinder Tommy , Hellström William , Gadsbøll Christian , Nilsson Linda , Gebka Margareta , Robertz Gustav , Bruschettini Matteo , Hellstrom Ann , Ley David 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the fraction of fetal haemoglobin (HbF(%)) and oxygen requirement as determined by the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and alveolar–arterial gradient (A–a gradient). Increased alveolar exposure to oxygen may explain the association between decreased HbF(%) and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).DesignLongitudinal, retrospective, observational study.SettingTertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit, referral centre for southern Sweden.PatientsFour hundred forty very preterm infants born before gestational week 30, 2009–2015.InterventionRegular clinical practice.Main outcome measuresThe FiO2and A–a gradient were determined at the time-point of 10 015 arterial blood gas analyses obtained during postnatal days 1–7. The relationship between HbF(%) and FiO2and A–a gradient and the modifying influence of other factors affecting haemoglobin oxygen affinity were evaluated.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between a low fraction of HbF and an increase in FiO2and A–a gradient, respectively. These relationships remained significant after adjusting for pH, pCO2, postnatal age, gestational age and sex.ConclusionThese high-resolution data show that decreased HbF(%) during the first postnatal week is associated with increased FiO2and A–a gradient in very preterm infants. Increased alveolar exposure to oxygen and resulting oxidative stress may, at least partly, explain the previously reported associations between decreased HbF, blood transfusions and the development of BPD in preterm infants.
Body size- and temperature-related metabolic traits of juvenile chum salmon during northward migration
Authors: Iino Yuki , Abe Takaaki K. , Shimizu Yuichi , Nagasaka Tsuyoshi , Kitagawa Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Due to rapid ocean warming at higher latitudes, northward habitat shifts of the dominant anadromous fish in the Northern Hemisphere, chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta), have recently been reported. Physiological development is considered to be a trigger for habitat shifts during early life. However, the possibility of physiological adaptations to future ocean warming is not fully understood, because data on the physiological traits of juveniles, such as metabolic rate and swimming performance, are limited. Using swim tunnel respirometers, we identified the metabolic traits of different-sized chum salmon juveniles originating from the Sanriku coastal river, Japan, which is far from the northern feeding grounds. The weight gain of >2 g steeply increased the prolonged swimming performance, and the metabolic cost of swimming against the southward current in the Sanriku coast decreased with weight gain under the sea water temperature range of 8–12 °C. These findings indicate weight gain and inhabiting areas with temperatures < 13 °C might provide potential benefits for northward migration. These results will be valuable when assessing the increased costs associated with changing ocean conditions.
AECA: An ambiguous-entropy clustering algorithm for the analysis of resting-state fMRISs of human brain and their functional connections
Authors: Singh Pritpal , Saini Bhavna , Huang Yo-Ping 
Published: September 2024

The ambiguous set theory has recently been introduced to characterize ambiguities inherent in information. Based on ambiguous set and ambiguous entropy (AE), this study presents a clustering algorithm called ambiguous-entropy clustering algorithm (AECA). The proposed AECA applies to analyze the resting-state fMRI signals (RSfMRISs). For the experimental purpose, this study considers RSfMRISs data obtained from resting-state of human brain. Three different data clusters related to RSfMRIS are identified and their statistical significance is analyzed using AECA. We perform the autocorrelation analysis for the clustered RSfMRISs. We test the statistical significance of the results using the Ljung-Box test. The results show that AECA is able to identify the activation of RSfMRISs despite the resting state of the brain. To discover the activation patterns of neurons in the resting state, functional connections in RSfMRISs are investigated. For this purpose, an algorithm called ambiguous-entropy functional connection algorithm (AEFCA) is presented in this study. Using this algorithm, a weighted graph is constructed to show the functional connections. Such a graph is called functional connection network graph (FCNG).
Effects of Drug‐Coated Balloons on Inflammatory Cytokines After Interventional Therapy for Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Yu Jiaming , Zhu Feng , Yang Aqiang , Wang Zhi , Yuan Chi , Xia Guohua , Wang Wei , Song Xuanwei , Chen Zhengzheng , Wu Yinji , Sun Yihang , Pan Lingxiao , Ke Yongsheng , Wang Hegui 
Published: September 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of a drug‐coated balloon (DCB) on inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery calcification (CAC) after interventional therapy.Methods: This study included 58 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) from October 2020 to September 2021. Patients were divided into CAC and non‐CAC groups, and a DCB was used to intervene in the target lesions. Ten‐milliliter preoperative and postoperative blood samples were drawn from the coronary lesions in both groups to detect the expression of serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). All patients were subjected to a 6‐month follow‐up to observe the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).Results: No significant differences in baseline clinical data were found between the groups. Serum IL‐6, TNF‐α, and ICAM‐1 expressions in coronary blood samples immediately before DCB were not significantly different from those after DCB in all patients. After DCB, serum TNF‐α expression in the CAC group was significantly lower than that in the non‐CAC group (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant difference in serum IL‐6 and ICAM‐1 expression was found between the groups. During the 6‐month follow‐up, no significant difference in the incidence of MACE was found between both groups.Conclusions: DCB reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α in CAC, which may be one of the key mechanisms underlying the treatment of CAC by DCB.
Synthetic Lethal Targeting of CDK12-Deficient Prostate Cancer with PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Chou Jonathan , Robinson Troy M. , Egusa Emily A. , Lodha Roshan , Zhang Meng , Badura Michelle , Mikayelyan Mane , Delavan Henry M. , Swinderman Jason , Wilson Chris , Zhu Jun , Das Rajdeep , Nguyen Minh , Loehr Andrea , Golsorkhi Tony , Simmons Andrew , Abida Wassim , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Arkin Michelle R. , Small Eric J. , Quigley David A. , Yang Lixing , Kim Minkyu , Ashworth Alan , Feng Felix Y. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), CDK12, is mutated or amplified in multiple cancers. We previously described a subtype of prostate cancer characterized predominantly by frameshift, loss-of-function mutations in CDK12. This subtype exhibits aggressive clinical features.

Experimental Design:
Using isogenic prostate cancer models generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of CDK12, we conducted a chemical library screen of ∼1,800 FDA-approved drugs. We inhibited cyclin K and CDK13 and evaluated the effects on PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity. CDK12 truncation and kinase domain mutations were expressed in cell lines to determine the effects on PARPi sensitivity. Mice bearing control and CDK12-mutant prostate tumors were treated with rucaparib. Finally, we evaluated PSA responses in patients with CDK12 mutations treated with rucaparib on the TRITON2 trial.

Results:
Cancer cells lacking CDK12 are more sensitive to PARPi than isogenic wild-type cells, and sensitivity depends on the degree of CDK12 inhibition. Inhibiting cyclin K, but not CDK13, also led to PARPi sensitivity and suppressed homologous recombination. CDK12 truncation mutants remained sensitive to PARPi, whereas kinase domain mutants exhibited intermediate sensitivity. The PARPi rucaparib suppressed tumor growth in mice bearing CDK12-mutated tumors. Finally, 6 of 11 (55%) patients with prostate cancer with biallelic CDK12 mutations had reductions in serum PSA levels when treated with rucaparib on the TRITON2 clinical trial.

Conclusions:
In prostate cancer, sensitivity to PARPi is dependent on the specific type and zygosity of the CDK12 mutation. PARPi monotherapy may have some activity in patients with prostate cancer with biallelic inactivating CDK12 alterations.
T Cell–Redirecting Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Optimal Dosing Schedule and Duration of Treatment
Authors: van de Donk Niels W.C.J. , Rasche Leo , Sidana Surbhi , Zweegman Sonja , Garfall Alfred L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
T cell–redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) induce significant responses in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma. BsAbs are currently administered in a dose-dense manner until disease progression. However, continuous therapy is associated with safety concerns, including a high risk of infections and high costs. In addition, chronic exposure to BsAbs, and thus long-term T-cell stimulation, induces T-cell exhaustion, which may contribute to relapse. There is increasing evidence that the strategy of induction treatment followed by maintenance with longer intervals between BsAb doses, or limited treatment duration with cessation of therapy in patients who achieve deep remission, improves the balance between toxicity and efficacy.
Significance: There is increasing evidence that after initial debulking, less-frequent BsAb administration mitigates T-cell exhaustion and minimizes the potential for chronic or cumulative toxicity while maintaining durable clinical responses. In addition, specific patient subsets may experience an extended treatment-free period following fixed-duration treatment. Fixed-duration treatment may, therefore, decrease cumulative toxicities and the burden on patients and healthcare systems.
Body Roundness Index Trajectories and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yang Man , Liu Jia , Shen Qian , Chen Hai , Liu Yaqi , Wang Nanxi , Yang Zhijie , Zhu Xiaowei , Zhang Siyi , Li Xinyan , Qian Yun 
Published: September 2024

Background
Several previous cross‐sectional studies suggested that body roundness index (BRI) may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association should be further validated. Our study aimed to assess the association of the BRI trajectories with CVD among middle‐aged and older Chinese people in a longitudinal cohort.

Methods and Results

A total of 9935 participants from the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) with repeated BRI measurements from 2011 to 2016 were included. The BRI trajectories were identified by group‐based trajectory modeling. The primary outcome was incident CVD (stroke or cardiac events), which occurred in 2017 to 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of BRI trajectories with CVD risk. Participants were divided into 3 BRI trajectories, named the low‐stable BRI trajectory, moderate‐stable BRI trajectory and high‐stable BRI trajectory, accounting for 49.81%, 42.35%, and 7.84% of the study population, respectively. Compared with participants in the low‐stable BRI trajectory group, those in the moderate‐stable and high‐stable BRI trajectory groups had an increased risk of CVD, with multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.09–1.37) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.26–1.90), respectively. Furthermore, simultaneously adding the BRI trajectory to the conventional risk model improved CVD risk reclassification (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
A higher BRI trajectory was associated with an increased risk of CVD. The BRI can be included as a predictive factor for CVD incidence.
Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin in a Neonatal Hypoxia–Ischemia Rat Model Is Regulated by the AMPK/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Nacarkucuk Efe , Bernis Maria E. , Bremer Anna‐Sophie , Grzelak Kora , Zweyer Margit , Maes Elke , Burkard Hannah , Sabir Hemmen 
Published: September 2024

Background
Melatonin has been shown to be neuroprotective in different animal models of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. However, its exact molecular mechanism of action remains unknown. Our aim was to prove melatonin's short‐ and long‐term neuroprotection and investigate its role on the AMPK (AMP‐activated protein kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway following neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury.

Methods and Results
Seven‐day‐old Wistar rat pups were exposed to hypoxia–ischemia, followed by melatonin or vehicle treatment. Detailed analysis of the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway, short‐ and long‐term neuroprotection, myelination, and oligodendrogenesis was performed at different time points. At 7 days after hypoxia–ischemia, melatonin‐treated animals showed a significant decrease in tissue loss, increased oligodendrogenesis, and myelination. Long‐term neurobehavioral results showed significant motor improvement following melatonin treatment. Molecular pathway analysis showed a decrease in the AMPK expression, with a significant increase at mTOR's downstream substrates, and a significant decrease at the autophagy marker levels in the melatonin group compared with the vehicle group.

Conclusions
Melatonin treatment reduced brain area loss and promoted oligodendrogenesis with a clear improvement of motor function. We found that melatonin associated neuroprotection is regulated via the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway. Considering the beneficial effects of melatonin and the results of our study, melatonin seems to be an optimal candidate for the treatment of newborns with hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in high‐ as well as in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Forecasting for ESCAPE: A multi-institution hybrid forecasting and nowcasting operation for sea-breeze convection supporting a ground-based and airborne field campaign
Authors: Dzambo Andrew M. , Bruning Eric , Oue Mariko , Brunner Kelcy , Singewald David , Rosky Elise , Allwayin Nithin , Patil Saurabh , Qiao Yayun (Jackie) , Xia Zeqian (Hazel) , Hu Yishi , Lebo Zachary J. , Huang Yongjie , McFarquhar Greg M. , Kollias Pavlos , Souza Jessica , Miller Matthew , Weiss Stephanie , Ascher Ben 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE) field project deployed two aircraft and ground-based assets in the vicinity of Houston, TX, between 27 May 2022 and 2 July 2022, examining how meteorological conditions, dynamics, and aerosols control the initiation, early growth stage, and evolution of coastal convective clouds. To ensure that airborne and ground-based assets were deployed appropriately, a Forecasting and Nowcasting Team was formed. Daily forecasts guided real-time decision making by assessing synoptic weather conditions, environmental aerosol, and a variety of atmospheric modeling data to assign a probability for meeting specific ESCAPE campaign objectives. During the research flights, a small team of forecasters provided “nowcasting” support by analyzing radar, satellite, and new model data in real time. The nowcasting team proved invaluable to the campaign operation, as sometimes changing environmental conditions affected, for example, the timing of convective initiation. In addition to the success of the forecasting and nowcasting teams, the ESCAPE campaign offered a unique “testbed” opportunity where in-person and virtual support both contributed to campaign objectives. The forecasting and nowcasting teams were each composed of new and experienced forecasters alike, where new forecasters were given invaluable experience that would otherwise be difficult to attain. Both teams received training on forecast models, map analysis, HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling and thermodynamic sounding analysis before the beginning of the campaign. In this article, the ESCAPE forecasting and nowcasting teams reflects on these experiences, providing potentially useful advice for future field campaigns requiring forecasting and nowcasting support in a hybrid virtual/in-person framework.