bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique features associated with hepatic oxidative DNA damage and DNA methylation in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nishida Naoshi , Yada Norihisa , Hagiwara Satoru , Sakurai Toshiharu , Kitano Masayuki , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previously, we reported that DNA oxidation induced epigenetic alteration of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and contributed to HCC emergence. Here, we examine the associations between clinicopathological characteristics of NAFLD and advanced oxidative DNA damage that is associated with TSG methylation in the NAFLD liver.MethodsLiver biopsies from 65 NAFLD patients were analyzed for clinicopathological features and oxidative DNA damage using immunohistochemistry of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). Abnormal DNA methylation in the promoters of 6 TSGs, HIC1, GSTP1, SOCS1, RASSF1, CDKN2A, and APC, was examined using MethyLight. Associations between clinicopathological characteristics, methylation of TSGs, and accumulation of 8‐OHdG were analyzed.ResultsWe found that aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, the fibrosis‐4 index, and serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level were associated with degree of 8‐OHdG, and AFP was an independent factor among them (P = 0.0271). Regarding pathological findings, hepatocellular ballooning and stage of fibrosis were also associated with oxidative DNA damage (P = 0.0021 and 0.0054); ballooning was an independent risk for detecting high degree of 8‐OHdG in hepatocytes (odds ratio 7.38, 95% confidence interval 1.41‐49.13, P = 0.0171). Accumulation of methylated TSGs was significantly associated with deposition of 8‐OHdG (P = 0.0362).ConclusionsPatients with high serum AFP and high degree of ballooning showed accumulation of oxidative DNA damage that could be a seed of DNA methylation responsible for hepatocarcinogenesis. These characteristics could be risk of HCC; such patients require urgent intervention such as lifestyle modification.
Dissecting the role of redox signaling in neuronal development
Authors: Bórquez Daniel A. , Urrutia Pamela J. , Wilson Carlos , van Zundert Brigitte , Núñez Marco Tulio , González‐Billault Christian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe generation of abnormally high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is linked to cellular dysfunction, including neuronal toxicity and neurodegeneration. However, physiological ROS production modulates redox‐sensitive roles of several molecules such as transcription factors, signaling proteins, and cytoskeletal components. Changes in the functions of redox‐sensitive proteins may be important for defining key aspects of stem cell proliferation and differentiation, neuronal maturation, and neuronal plasticity. In neurons, most of the studies have been focused on the pathological implications of such modifications and only very recently their essential roles in neuronal development and plasticity has been recognized. In this review, we discuss the participation of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and a family of protein‐methionine sulfoxide oxidases, named molecule interacting with CasLs, as regulated enzymatic sources of ROS production in neurons, and describes the contribution of ROS signaling to neurogenesis and differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal plasticity.
imageWe review the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurogenesis, axon growth, and guidance and NMDA‐receptor‐mediated plasticity, LTP, and memory. ROS participation is presented in the context of NADPH oxidase and MICAL functions and their importance for brain functions.
Dopamine D2 and serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor interaction in the context of the effects of antipsychotics – in vitro studies
Authors: Łukasiewicz Sylwia , Błasiak Ewa , Szafran‐Pilch Kinga , Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska Marta 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor (5‐HT1AR) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) have been implicated as important sites of action in antipsychotics. Several lines of evidence indicate the key role of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) heteromers in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and highlight these complexes as novel drug targets. Because heterodimers can form only on those cells co‐expressing constituent receptors, they present a target of high pharmacological specificity in the context of biochemical effects induced by antipsychotic drugs. In studies conducted in the HEK 293 cell line, we demonstrated that 5‐HT1AR and D2R are able to form constitutive heterodimers, and antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and lurasidone) enhanced this process, with clozapine being most effective. Various functional tests (cAMP and IP1 as well as ERK activation) indicated that the drugs had different effects on signal transduction by the heteromer. Interestingly, co‐incubation of heterodimer‐expressing HEK 293 cells with clozapine and the 5‐HT1AR agonist 8‐OH DPAT potentiated post‐synaptic effects, especially with respect to ERK activation. Our results indicate that the D2‐5‐HT1A complex possesses biochemical, pharmacological, and functional properties distinct from those of mono‐ and homomers. This result has implications for the development of improved pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia or other disorders (activating the heteromer might be cognitive enhancing, since it is expressed in frontal cortex) through the specific targeting of heterodimers.
image
We reported the constitutive formation of D2‐5‐HT1A heteromers, which possess biochemical, pharmacological, and functional properties distinct from those of mono‐ and homomers, as revealed by antipsychotics action. We also showed that these two receptors are co‐expressed in mouse cortical neurons; therefore their potential to heterodimerize may comprise an essential target for the development of novel strategies for schizophrenia treatment.
Assessment of salivary total antioxidant capacity in patients with primary untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with ORAC
Authors: Wesołowski Piotr , Zawada Katarzyna , Wojtowicz Andrzej , Strużycka Izabela , Kamiński Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundOxidative DNA damage leads to abnormalities in endogenous cellular processes and constitutes a direct link between free radicals, antioxidants and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method is used to measure antioxidant capacity versus oxygen free radicals. There is no report on the application of ORAC to evaluate salivary antioxidant capacity in patients with head and neck SCC. This study investigated the relation between total antioxidant capacity of saliva, measured with ORAC method, and the incidence, location, size and histopathological grading of SCC.MethodsSalivary antioxidant capacity was assessed in 30 male and female patients with histopathologically confirmed oral and laryngeal SCC. Histopathological grading of SCC was based on WHO classification.ResultsMean ORAC in patients with SCC was higher than the mean value in the control group. Statistically significant difference was observed in the study group versus the control group. No significant differences were observed for ORAC values in relation to histopathological grading, tumour size and spread to lymph nodes.ConclusionsThe obtained results can advocate local compensatory mechanism in saliva in response to increased oxidative stress associated with primary tumour. ORAC can become an additional factor in head and neck SCC prognosis, but further investigation is required.
Concentration of Potassium in Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Muscle Tissue in Cows with Decreased Feed Intake and Gastrointestinal Ileus
Authors: Schneider S. , Müller A. , Wittek T. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundHealthy cows consume large amounts of potassium and a sudden loss in appetite can lead to hypokalemia. The routine method to evaluate potassium homeostasis is the measurement of the extracellular potassium in plasma or serum, but this does not provide information about the intracellular potassium pool.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate potassium homeostasis by comparing the extracellular and intracellular potassium concentration in cows with reduced feed intake and gastrointestinal ileus.AnimalsTwenty cows 1–3 days postpartum (group 1) and 20 cows with gastrointestinal ileus (group 2).MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study. Plasma potassium was measured by using an ion‐sensitive electrode. Intracellular potassium was measured in erythrocytes and muscle tissue (muscle biopsy) by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.ResultsCows of group 1 did not have hypokalemia. Overall cows with gastrointestinal ileus were hypokalemic (mean ±SD, 2.9 mmol/L ± 0.78), but potassium concentration in erythrocytes and muscle tissue was not lower than in postpartum cows. Intracellular potassium in erythrocytes varied very widely; group 1: 3497–10735 mg/kg (5559 ± 2002 mg/kg), group 2: 4139–21678 mg/kg (7473 ± 4034 mg/kg). Potassium in muscle tissue did not differ between group 1 (3356 ± 735 mg/kg wet weight) and group 2 (3407 ± 1069 mg/kg wet weight). No association between extracellular and intracellular potassium concentrations was detected.Conclusions and clinical importanceThat measurement of plasma potassium concentration is not sufficient to evaluate potassium metabolism of cows.
Mitogen activated protein kinases SakAHOG1 and MpkC collaborate for Aspergillus fumigatus virulence
Authors: Bruder Nascimento Ariane Cristina Mendes de Oliveira , dos Reis Thaila Fernanda , de Castro Patrícia Alves , Hori Juliana I. , Bom Vinícius Leite Pedro , de Assis Leandro José , Ramalho Leandra Naira Zambelli , Rocha Marina Campos , Malavazi Iran , Brown Neil Andrew , Valiante Vito , Brakhage Axel A. , Hagiwara Daisuke , Goldman Gustavo H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryHere, we investigated which stress responses were influenced by the MpkC and SakA mitogen‐activated protein kinases of the high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The ΔsakA and the double ΔmpkC ΔsakA mutants were more sensitive to osmotic and oxidative stresses, and to cell wall damaging agents. Both MpkC::GFP and SakA::GFP translocated to the nucleus upon osmotic stress and cell wall damage, with SakA::GFP showing a quicker response. The phosphorylation state of MpkA was determined post exposure to high concentrations of congo red and Sorbitol. In the wild‐type strain, MpkA phosphorylation levels progressively increased in both treatments. In contrast, the ΔsakA mutant had reduced MpkA phosphorylation, and surprisingly, the double ΔmpkC ΔsakA had no detectable MpkA phosphorylation. A. fumigatus ΔsakA and ΔmpkC were virulent in mouse survival experiments, but they had a 40% reduction in fungal burden. In contrast, the ΔmpkC ΔsakA double mutant showed highly attenuated virulence, with approximately 50% mice surviving and a 75% reduction in fungal burden. We propose that both cell wall integrity (CWI) and HOG pathways collaborate, and that MpkC could act by modulating SakA activity upon exposure to several types of stresses and during CW biosynthesis.
Leaf aging of Amazonian canopy trees as revealed by spectral and physiochemical measurements
Authors: Chavana‐Bryant Cecilia , Malhi Yadvinder , Wu Jin , Asner Gregory P. , Anastasiou Athanasios , Enquist Brian J. , Cosio Caravasi Eric G. , Doughty Christopher E. , Saleska Scott R. , Martin Roberta E. , Gerard France F. 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Leaf aging is a fundamental driver of changes in leaf traits, thereby regulating ecosystem processes and remotely sensed canopy dynamics.

We explore leaf reflectance as a tool to monitor leaf age and develop a spectra‐based partial least squares regression (PLSR) model to predict age using data from a phenological study of 1099 leaves from 12 lowland Amazonian canopy trees in southern Peru.

Results demonstrated monotonic decreases in leaf water (LWC) and phosphorus (Pmass) contents and an increase in leaf mass per unit area (LMA) with age across trees; leaf nitrogen (Nmass) and carbon (Cmass) contents showed monotonic but tree‐specific age responses. We observed large age‐related variation in leaf spectra across trees. A spectra‐based model was more accurate in predicting leaf age (R2 = 0.86; percent root mean square error (%RMSE) = 33) compared with trait‐based models using single (R2 = 0.07–0.73; %RMSE = 7–38) and multiple (R2 = 0.76; %RMSE = 28) predictors. Spectra‐ and trait‐based models established a physiochemical basis for the spectral age model. Vegetation indices (VIs) including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index 2 (EVI2), normalized difference water index (NDWI) and photosynthetic reflectance index (PRI) were all age‐dependent.

This study highlights the importance of leaf age as a mediator of leaf traits, provides evidence of age‐related leaf reflectance changes that have important impacts on VIs used to monitor canopy dynamics and productivity and proposes a new approach to predicting and monitoring leaf age with important implications for remote sensing.
Psychophysiology as a core strategy in RDoC
Authors: Miller Gregory A. , Rockstroh Brigitte S. , Hamilton Holly K. , Yee Cindy M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health shows great promise in providing guidance for research on mental illness but has prompted considerable controversy. Papers by Yancey, Venables, and Patrick and Kozak and Cuthbert illustrate and clarify a number of important features of RDoC. The present commentary evaluates the former paper in light of the latter paper and addresses several common misunderstandings about RDoC. The concept of endophenotypes and diverse psychophysiological approaches will likely be central in RDoC‐inspired research.
The error‐related negativity: A transdiagnostic marker of sustained threat?
Authors: Ladouceur Cecile D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe creation of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project has been the driving force behind the reconceptualization of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In this commentary, I explore whether the error‐related negativity can be considered as a transdiagnostic marker of sustained threat based on findings from Weinberg, Meyer et al.'s (2016) study in relation to current findings in the literature. Potential alternative study designs, use of a multimodal approach to the assessment of a specific phenotype of clinical phenomenon, and the importance of integrating a neurodevelopmental perspective are also discussed.
Studies of auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Heckers Stephan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNeuroscientists have been exploring the mechanism of auditory verbal hallucinations. In this commentary, I review studies by Judy Ford, who employed a vocalization paradigm to test the hypothesis of impaired corollary discharge in psychotic patients who experience auditory verbal hallucinations. I highlight the strengths of this research program and reflect on the challenge of reducing a complex clinical feature to an abnormality of basic cognitive processes, such as language and memory.
Sustainability vs. Quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) farming: are trade‐offs inevitable?
Authors: Matos Elisabete , Dias Jorge , Dinis Maria T. , Silva Tomé S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEuropean aquaculture industry should be at the forefront of sustainable development, providing healthy and safe food of the highest quality to the consumer, through an environmentally sound approach. The purpose of this review was to explore in what way the current drive for sustainability has affected what the consumer perceives as quality in fish, specifically in gilthead seabream, one of the most important farmed species in the Mediterranean. It focuses on nutritional aspects such as fish meal and fish oil replacement, quality tailoring through finishing strategies, the influence of different farming systems and the effect of slaughter stress on seabream quality. In general, fish meal and fish oil replacement with vegetable ingredients will result in changes in the fatty acid profile of the fillets, and consequently the potential health benefits seabream offers to the consumer. While organoleptic properties suffer little change, the impact of these ingredients on welfare has not been fully investigated. Further studies are also needed to evaluate the effect of land animal ingredients on seabream quality. In either case, although finishing strategies to restore essential fatty acids are not completely effective, seabream can still retain a high nutritional value. Information on the use of dietary supplements as finishing strategies is still extremely scarce. Regarding fish welfare, the high densities practised in intensive production systems pose concerns which warrant further research in this area. Furthermore, new alternatives for common harvesting and slaughter methods are needed to improve welfare, as traditional methods are clearly stressful.
IMPROVING QUALITY OF SERVICE THROUGH ROAD SIDE BACK-BONE NETWORK IN VANET
Authors: Qureshi Kashif Naseer , Abdullah Abdul Hanan , Iqbal Saleem , Muhammad Zia 
Published: February 2016

The vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are expected to support a large spectrum of traffic alert, dynamic route planning, file sharing, safety and infotainment applications to improve traffic management. User satisfaction plus in time delivery of real-time messages is the most significant quality evaluation criterion for vehicular applications. High mobility and rapidly changing topologies always lead to intermittent quality of services, higher delay and packet dropping issues in network. To improve the quality of services for multi-hop and dynamic environment, different types of solutions have been proposed. The article introduces multi-protocol label switching based on roadside backbone network to provide widespread, scalable, high-speed, robust quality of services and improve network efficiency. The simulation results showed that proposed model improves data transmission and routing performance in terms of data delivery, throughput, end-to-end delay and achieve adequate utilization of resources.
An Experiment of Natural Circulation Flow and Heat Transfer With Supercritical Water in Parallel Channels
Authors: Chen Yuzhou , Yang Chunsheng , Zhao Minfu , Bi Keming , Du Kaiwen 
Published: February 2016

An experiment of natural circulation of supercritical water in parallel channels was performed in bare tubes of inner diameter 7.98 mm and heated length 1.3 m, covering the ranges of pressure of 24.7–25.5 MPa, mass flux of 400–1000  kg/m2 s, and heat flux of up to 1.83  MW/m2. When the heat flux reached 1.12  MW/m2, the outlet water temperature jumped from 325°C to 360°C, associated with a decrease in the flow rate and an initiation of dynamic instability. When the heat flux exceeded 1.39  MW/m2, the flow instability was stronger, and the flow rate increased in one channel and decreased in another one. Until the heat flux reached 1.61  MW/m2, the outlet water temperatures of two channels reached the pseudocritical point, and the flow rates of two channels tended to close each other. The experiment with a single heated channel was also performed for comparison. The measurements on the heat-transfer coefficients (HTCs) were compared to the calculations by the Bishop et al., Jackson’s, and Mokry et al. correlations, showing different agreements within various conditions.
Numerical investigations on reignition behavior of detonation diffraction
Authors: Wang Cheng , Han Wen-Hu , Bi Yong , Ding Jian-Xu 
Published: February 2016

In this paper, by adopting a fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme with a third-order TVD Runge–Kutta time stepping method for two-dimensional reactive Euler equations, a parallel code is developed, and reignition behavior after a self-sustaining detonation from the tube into free space filled with H2/O2 mixtures is investigated. The numerical results show that the initial pressure has a great influence on the detonation cellular width, and that as the initial pressure increases, the cellular width gradually decreases and the cellular shape changes from irregular structure to regular structure, demonstrating the detonation instability to stability transition. When the initial pressure is larger than 1.2 atm, the detonation wave expands over the edge of the splitter plate, reignition can come into being because enough transverse waves collide with each other at the leading edge of the expanding front. When the initial pressure is 1.2 atm, hot spots appear on the front, and ignite the combustible gas near the hot spots after detonation diffraction. When the initial pressure is 1.0 atm, reignition fails. These findings hint that a critical initial pressure exists between 1.0–1.2 atm for direct reignition after detonation diffraction.
A shortening effect of KK-42 on the moult cycle of juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Guan Jianyi , Lv Yanjie , Zhang Yu , Ning Qianji 
Published: February 2016

The imidazole derivative KK-42 is frequently used as an insect growth regulator. However, the effect of KK-42 on prawn growth remains largely unknown. To explore the effect of KK-42 on the moult cycle of juvenileMacrobrachium nipponense(De Haan, 1849), 1.2-2.0 cm long prawns were collected from aquaculture grounds, and acclimated at 26 ± 1°C in running-water tanks for one week before the experiments. The prawns were soaked with KK-42 solution at a concentration of 1.95 × 10−4 mol/l (treatment group) or without KK-42 solution (control group) for 1 min. Thereafter, a part of the prawns was used to measure body growth rate and moult cycle, and the rest, being at intermoult stage (C) and premoult stage (D), were used to quantitatively analyse the mRNA level of the cuticular chitinase1 gene (Mnchi-1) and chitinase activity. The results showed that the average body weight of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the controls. Meanwhile, the body growth rate increased more than 16% in the first two weeks after KK-42 treatment. The duration of the moulting period of the juvenile prawns was shortened by KK-42 treatment in the first two cycles among four consecutively-determined moult cycles, from 8.70 ± 1.07 and 9.81 ± 0.43 days to 6.93 ± 0.97 and 8.11 ± 1.20 days, respectively. The cuticularMnchi-1mRNA level as well as the chitinase activity at stage C showed an over 10- and 2-fold increase, respectively, after KK-42 treatment. However, at stage D, only amodestrise was observed at 12 h (). The results suggest that KK-42 can significantly up-regulate the cuticularMnchi-1gene expression and chitinase activity of the prawns at stage C, which may be one of the potential mechanisms of producing the KK-42-shortened moult cycle for juvenileM. nipponense.