bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Ophthalmologists' Experiences With Abusive Head Trauma
Authors: Sussenbach Evan C. , Siatkowski R. Michael , Ding Kai , Yanovitch Tammy L. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To estimate the number of cases of abusive head trauma seen by pediatric ophthalmologists and analyze factors associated with physician subpoenas and court testimonies.

Methods:
Pediatric ophthalmologists were surveyed about their experiences with abusive head trauma. The survey was sent to 875 active members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS).

Results:

The response rate was 15% (132 surveys). The median pediatric ophthalmologist is consulted 10.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 4.0 to 19.0) times per year to evaluate patients for abusive head trauma and sees 2.5 (IQR = 1.0 to 6.0) patients with probable abusive head trauma each year. Pediatric ophthalmologists were equally likely to be subpoenaed (4.6% vs 4.8%,
P
= .84) or to testify (1.9% vs 1.7%,
P
= .79) whether they did or did not perform retinal photography. Physicians were equally likely to be subpoenaed (4.8% vs 7.1%,
P
= .92) or to testify (2.2% vs 0.0%,
P
= .17) whether a child abuse team was involved in patient care or not. Geographic location had no statistical significance on how frequently pediatric ophthalmologists were subpoenaed (
P
= .17) or testified in court (
P
= .12). When a pediatric ophthalmologist was subpoenaed to court, the median number of missed clinic days was 1.0 (IQR = 1.0 to 2.0), with an estimated cost of $3,000 (IQR = $1,750 to $4,750) in lost revenue.

Conclusions:
Obtaining retinal imaging, having a child abuse team, and geographic location had no significant relationship with how often pediatric ophthalmologists were subpoenaed or testified in court.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabisumus
. 2016;53(1):25–28.]
Assessment of Grating Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Electronic Acuity Card: The Dobson Card
Authors: Mohan Kathleen M. , Miller Joseph M. , Harvey Erin M. , Gerhart Kimberly D. , Apple Howard P. , Apple Deborah , Smith Jordana M. , Davis Amy L. , Leonard-Green Tina , Campus Irene , Dennis Leslie K. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To determine if testing binocular visual acuity in infants and toddlers using the Acuity Card Procedure (ACP) with electronic grating stimuli yields clinically useful data.

Methods:
Participants were infants and toddlers ages 5 to 36.7 months referred by pediatricians due to failed automated vision screening. The ACP was used to test binocular grating acuity. Stimuli were presented on the Dobson Card. The Dobson Card consists of a handheld matte-black plexiglass frame with two flush-mounted tablet computers and is similar in size and form to commercially available printed grating acuity testing stimuli (Teller Acuity Cards II [TACII]; Stereo Optical, Inc., Chicago, IL). On each trial, one tablet displayed a square-wave grating and the other displayed a luminance-matched uniform gray patch. Stimuli were roughly equivalent to the stimuli available in the printed TACII stimuli. After acuity testing, each child received a cycloplegic eye examination. Based on cycloplegic retinoscopy, patients were categorized as having high or low refractive error per American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus vision screening referral criteria. Mean acuities for high and low refractive error groups were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for age.

Results:

Mean visual acuity was significantly poorer in children with high refractive error than in those with low refractive error (
P
= .015).

Conclusions:
Electronic stimuli presented using the ACP can yield clinically useful measurements of grating acuity in infants and toddlers. Further research is needed to determine the optimal conditions and procedures for obtaining accurate and clinically useful automated measurements of visual acuity in infants and toddlers.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(1):56–59.]
PcpA Promotes Higher Levels of Infection and Modulates Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells during Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Walker Melissa M. , Novak Lea , Widener Rebecca , Grubbs James Aaron , King Janice , Hale Joanetha Y. , Ochs Martina M. , Myers Lisa E. , Briles David E. , Deshane Jessy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We used two different infection models to investigate the kinetics of the PcpA-dependent pneumococcal disease in mice. In a bacteremic pneumonia model, we observed a PcpA-dependent increase in bacterial burden in the lungs, blood, liver, bronchoalveolar lavage, and spleens of mice at 24 h postinfection. This PcpA-dependent effect on bacterial burden appeared earlier (within 12 h) in the focal pneumonia model, which lacks bacteremia or sepsis. Histological changes show that the ability of pneumococci to make PcpA was associated with unresolved inflammation in both models of infection. Using our bacteremic pneumonia model we further investigated the effects of PcpA on recruitment of innate immune regulatory cells. The presence of PcpA was associated with increased IL-6 levels, suppressed production of TRAIL, and reduced infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The ability of pneumococci to make PcpA negatively modulated both the infiltration and apoptosis of macrophages and the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor-like cells. The latter have been shown to facilitate the clearance and control of bacterial pneumonia. Taken together, the ability to make PcpA was strongly associated with increased bacterial burden, inflammation, and negative regulation of innate immune cell recruitment to the lung tissue during bacteremic pneumonia.
Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide–Exposed Endothelial Cells Bias Antigen Presentation to CD4+ T Cells toward a Th17 Response
Authors: Ding Wanhong , Stohl Lori L. , Xu Linghui , Zhou Xi K. , Manni Michela , Wagner John A. , Granstein Richard D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with well-established immunomodulatory functions. CGRP-containing nerves innervate dermal blood vessels and lymph nodes. We examined whether CGRP regulates the outcome of Ag presentation by Langerhans cells (LCs) to T cells through actions on microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Exposure of primary murine dermal microvascular ECs (pDMECs) to CGRP followed by coculture with LCs, responsive CD4+ T cells and Ag resulted in increased production of IL-6 and IL-17A accompanied by inhibition of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-22 compared with wells containing pDMECs treated with medium alone. Physical contact between ECs and LCs or T cells was not required for this effect and, except for IL-4, we demonstrated that IL-6 production by CGRP-treated pDMECs was involved in these effects. CD4+ cells expressing cytoplasmic IL-17A were increased, whereas cells expressing cytoplasmic IFN-γ or IL-4 were decreased by the presence of CGRP-treated pDMECs. In addition, the level of retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor γt mRNA was significantly increased, whereas T-bet and GATA3 expression was inhibited. Immunization at the site of intradermally administered CGRP led to a similar bias in CD4+ T cells from draining lymph node cells toward IL-17A and away from IFN-γ. Actions of nerve-derived CGRP on ECs may have important regulatory effects on the outcome of Ag presentation with consequences for the expression of inflammatory skin disorders involving Th17 cells.
High temperature requirement A1, transforming growth factor beta1, phosphoSmad2 and Ki67 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis
Authors: Goteri G. , Altobelli E. , Tossetta G. , Zizzi A. , Avellini C. , Licini C. , Lorenzi T. , Castellucci M. , Ciavattini A. , Marzioni D. 
Published: February 2016

Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that TGFb1 signalling may be mediated by high temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) serine protease, acting on important regulatory mechanisms such as cell proliferation and mobility. Evidence is now accumulating to suggest that HtrA1 is involved in the development and progression of several pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate: i) if HtrA1 and TGFb1 expressions differ in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in women with endometriosis; ii) if HtrA1 correlates to TGFb1, pSmad and Ki67. This study was carried out including 10 women with ovarian endometriosis (cases) and 10 women with non endometriotic diseases (controls). Endometrial tissue underwent immunohistochemical H-score analysis for HtrA1, TGFb1, pSmad and Ki67 molecules. Data evaluation was performed by a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship among the molecules investigated in the epithelial and in the stromal compartment. The HtrA1 was significant decreased in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis when compared with control endometrium in epithelial compartment. TGFb1was significantly increased in eutopic endometrium and decreased in ectopic endometrium in epithelial and stromal compartment. In addition, Ki67 was significant increased and an increase, but not significant, was detected for pSMAd2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium compared to control one.Â In summary, the significant direct correlation between TGFb1 and pSmad2 as well as between HtrA1 and TGFb1 and the very significant increase of Ki67 in stromal compartment of eutopic endometrium suggest a possible involvement of HtrA1 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Â
Cognitive Assessment Trends in Home Health Care for Adults With Mild Stroke
Authors: Burns Suzanne C. , Neville Marsha 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This article describes current trends in cognitive assessment use for adults with mild stroke by home health practitioners in the United States.
METHOD. Participants were 56 home health occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants. A self-administered survey about use of cognitive assessment tools in home health care and influences on their use was conducted.
RESULTS. Ninety-six percent of participants assessed cognition in adults with mild stroke. Nonstandardized assessments were the most widely used method for evaluating cognition in the home health setting. Influences such as specialized training in specific assessments, confidence, and productivity requirements may have affected the practitioners’ cognitive assessment decisions in home health care.
CONCLUSION. Although cognitive assessments are widely used in home health care, occupational therapy practitioners are selecting nonstandardized assessments most frequently to assess cognition.
Validity and Responsiveness of the Revised Nottingham Sensation Assessment for Outcome Evaluation in Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Wu Ching-yi , Chuang I-ching , Ma Hui-ing , Lin Keh-chung , Chen Chia-ling 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOBJECTIVE. This study establishes the concurrent validity, predictive validity, and responsiveness of the Revised Nottingham Sensation Assessment (rNSA) during rehabilitation for people with stroke.METHOD. The study recruited 147 patients with stroke. The main assessment used was the rNSA, and outcome measures were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment sensory subscale (FMA–S) and motor subscale (FMA–M) and the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scale.RESULTS. Correlation coefficients were good to excellent between the rNSA and the FMA–S. The rNSA proprioception measure was a predictor for the FMA–S. The rNSA stereognosis and tactile-pinprick measures for the proximal upper limb were predictors for the FMA–M and the NEADL scale, respectively. Responsiveness was moderate to large for three subscales of the rNSA (standardized response mean = .51–.83).CONCLUSION. This study may support the concurrent validity, predictive validity, and responsiveness of the rNSA for people with stroke.
Wintertime aerosol chemical composition, volatility, and spatial variability in the greater London area
Authors: Xu L. , Williams L. R. , Young D. E. , Allan J. D. , Coe H. , Massoli P. , Fortner E. , Chhabra P. , Herndon S. , Brooks W. A. , Jayne J. T. , Worsnop D. R. , Aiken A. C. , Liu S. , Gorkowski K. , Dubey M. K. , Fleming Z. L. , Visser S. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Ng N. L. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The composition of PM1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 µm) in the greater London area was characterized during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) project in winter 2012. Two high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (HR-ToF-AMS) were deployed at a rural site (Detling, Kent) and an urban site (North Kensington, London). The simultaneous and high-temporal resolution measurements at the two sites provide a unique opportunity to investigate the spatial distribution of PM1. We find that the organic aerosol (OA) concentration is comparable between the rural and urban sites, but the contribution from different sources is distinctly different between the two sites. The concentration of solid fuel OA at the urban site is about twice as high as at the rural site, due to elevated domestic heating in the urban area. While the concentrations of oxygenated OA (OOA) are well-correlated between the two sites, the OOA concentration at the rural site is almost twice that of the urban site. At the rural site, more than 70 % of the carbon in OOA is estimated to be non-fossil, which suggests that OOA is likely related to aged biomass burning considering the small amount of biogenic SOA in winter. Thus, it is possible that the biomass burning OA contributes a larger fraction of ambient OA in wintertime than what previous field studies have suggested. A suite of instruments was deployed downstream of a thermal denuder (TD) to investigate the volatility of PM1 species at the rural Detling site. After heating at 250 °C in the TD, 40 % of the residual mass is OA, indicating the presence of non-volatile organics in the aerosol. Although the OA associated with refractory black carbon (rBC; measured by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer) only accounts for < 10 % of the total OA (measured by a HR-ToF-AMS) at 250 °C, the two measurements are well-correlated, suggesting that the non-volatile organics have similar sources or have undergone similar chemical processing as rBC in the atmosphere. Although the atomic O : C ratio of OOA is substantially larger than that of solid fuel OA and hydrocarbon-like OA, these three factors have similar volatility, which is inferred from the change in mass concentration after heating at 120 °C. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the mass fraction remaining (MFR) of OA after heating in the TD and atomic O : C of OA and find that particles with a wide range of O : C could have similar MFR after heating. This analysis emphasizes the importance of understanding the distribution of volatility and O : C in bulk OA.
VALUE-ADDED: CONSULTING MIKHAIL BAKHTIN ABOUT WESTERN CHRISTIAN EUCHARIST
Authors: Green Barbara 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>In this study, I aim to demonstrate how Bakhtin's basic dialogic framework-specifically his understanding of how an author constructs a hero from which can be extrapolated how any one </span>of us constructs an other - can add insight to the ways in which we might understand the Eucharist so that its ritual character is more relevant, more aligned with nonviolence, and more available to draw on in "prosaic" life than we might think it to be. I sketch briefly three relevant discourses that offer access to the Eucharist: First, some basic points about the Eucharist as cultic, then an adumbration of the violence question, and finally the relevant contribution of Bakhtin. I will conclude with some implications and suggestions for the development of insights.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Eucharist. Violence. Nonviolence. Bakhtin. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Com esse estudo, assumo como objectivo demonstrar como o quadro dialógico fundamental de Bakhtin - especificamente o seu entendimento de como um autor constrói um herói, a partir do qual se pode determinar também a forma como se constrói o outro - pode abrir para uma </span>forma de compreensão da Eucaristia em que o seu caráter ritual seja mais relevante, mais alinhado com a não-violência e de maior impacto na vida "prosaica". Esboço três breves discursos relevantes que conduzem à Eucaristia: em primeiro lugar, alguns pontos básicos sobre a Eucaristia como culto, em seguida, um esboço da questão da violência, e, finalmente, a principal contribuição de Bakhtin. Concluo com algumas implicações e sugestões para o desenvolvimento da proposta.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>: </span><span>Eucaristia. Violência. Não-violência. Bakhtin. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Vascular Anomalies on the Vermilion
Authors: Park Sang Min , Bae Yong Chan , Lee Jae Woo , Kim Hoon Soo , Lee In Sook 
Published: February 2016

Background The vermilion plays an important role in both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial anatomy. Due to its structural features, the complete excision of vascular anomalies on the vermilion is challenging, making it difficult to determine the appropriate treatment strategy. Thus, the authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of vascular anomalies on the vermilion.
Methods The medical records of 38 patients with vascular anomalies on the vermilion who underwent surgery from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed. Nine of the cases had an involuted hemangioma, and 29 cases had a vascular malformation; of the vascular malformations, 13, 11, one, and four cases involved were capillary malformations (CMs), venous malformations (VMs), lymphatic malformations (LMs), and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), respectively. We investigated the surgical methods used to treat these patients, the quantity of surgical procedures, complications and instances of recurrence, and self-assessed satisfaction scores.
Results A total of 50 operations were carried out: 28 horizontal partial excisions, eight vertical partial excisions, and 14 operations using other surgical methods. All cases of AVM underwent complete excision. Six cases experienced minor complications and one case of recurrence was observed. The overall average satisfaction score was 4.1 out of 5, while the satisfaction scores associated with each lesion type were 4.2 for hemangiomas, 3.9 for CMs, 4.2 for VMs, 5.0 for LMs, and 4.0 for AVMs.
Conclusions It is difficult to completely excise vascular anomalies that involve the vermilion. This study suggests that partial excision focused on correcting the overall contour of the lips is effective and leads to satisfactory results.
Cephalometric Angular Measurements of the Mandible Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scans in Koreans
Authors: Kim Yong Hyun , Kang Seok Joo , Sun Hook 
Published: February 2016

Background We conducted this study to analyze the values of the key cephalometric angular measurements of the mandible using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography scans.
Methods In the 106 enrolled patients, a 3D cephalometric analysis was performed to measure the angular variables of the mandible. These values were compared between the two sides and between the two sexes.
Results The frontal measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the left (Lt) side (right [Rt], 141.24±7.54; Lt, 142.68±6.94; P=0.002) and the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37±8.44; Lt, 131.54±7.14; P<0.001). The sagittal measurements showed that the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37±8.44; Lt, 131.54±7.14; P>0.05). Further, the transverse measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 140.28±7.05; Lt, 137.56±6.23; P<0.001).
Conclusions These results provide an average of the mandibular angular measurements for the Korean population, establishing a standard for determining surgical patient groups and outcome evaluations in the field of mandible contour surgery.
Delayed Foreign Body Reaction Caused by Bioabsorbable Plates Used for Maxillofacial Fractures
Authors: Jeon Hong Bae , Kang Dong Hee , Gu Ja Hea , Oh Sang Ah 
Published: February 2016

Background Bioabsorbable plates and screws are commonly used to reduce maxillofacial bones, particularly in pediatric patients because they degrade completely without complications after bone healing. In this study, we encountered eight cases of a delayed foreign body reaction after surgical fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws.
Methods A total of 234 patients with a maxillofacial fracture underwent surgical treatment from March 2006 to October 2013, in which rigid fixation was achieved with the Inion CPS (Inion, Tampere, Finland) plating system in 173 patients and Rapidsorb (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA) in 61 patients. Their mean age was 35.2 years (range, 15-84 years). Most patients were stabilized with two- or three-point fixation at the frontozygomatic suture, infraorbital rim, and anterior wall of the maxilla.
Results Complications occurred in eight (3.4%) of 234 patients, including palpable, fixed masses in six patients and focal swelling in two patients. The period from surgical fixation to the onset of symptoms was 9-23 months. Six patients with a mass underwent secondary surgery for mass removal. The masses contained fibrous tissue with a yellow, grainy, cloudy fluid and remnants of an incompletely degraded bioabsorbable plate and screws. Their histological findings demonstrated a foreign body reaction.
Conclusions Inadequate degradation of bioabsorbable plates caused a delayed inflammatory foreign body reaction requiring secondary surgery. Therefore, it is prudent to consider the possibility of delayed complications when using bioabsorbable plates and surgeons must conduct longer and closer follow-up observations.
Sublabial Autologous Ear Cartilage Grafting for Increasing the Nasolabial Angle
Authors: Toncic Rajko , Toncic Dinko 
Published: February 2016

Background The loss of nasal tip support is caused by many factors and eventually results in the collapse and eventual dropping of the nasal tip. This reduces the nasolabial (NL) angle and negatively affects respiratory functions and one's appearance.
Methods The aim of this retrospective study, which was conducted on 52 patients, was to present and popularize a simple and effective method for the reconstruction of a weakened columella by inserting an autologous ear cartilage graft using a sublabial approach.
Results Of all the patients, three patients experienced transplant rejection. The period of follow-up observation was one to five years (mean, 27 months). The results were objectively evaluated by measuring the NL angle in standardized photos before and after the procedure at different time intervals over the follow-up period. We observed a significant increase of the NL angle (mean, 20°), and found these results to be durable over the long term. Of the 52 patients included in this study observed patients, three were dissatisfied (due to immediate infection and shifting of the strut), 28 were satisfied, and 21 were very satisfied.
Conclusions The surgical method described here is simple and can be learned quickly. It has very good results with few complications, and is our method of choice for complex and serious cases seen in everyday rhinosurgical practice.