bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator System With Separate Design to Improve Efficiency for Working Function of Electric Wheel Loader
Authors: Qiao Yihan , Wu Jiaming , Wang Feng , Xu Bing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Powertrain electrification is an effective solution to reducing emissions of construction machinery. However, working function of current electric wheel loaders still employs electric motors paired with centralized load-sensing system. The system suffers from low energy efficiency because of valve throttling losses. The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) emerges as an efficient way to enhance energy efficiency. The velocity of actuator is controlled by electric motor or pump directly, eliminating throttling losses from control valve. Therefore, a separate electro-hydrostatic actuator system is proposed for working function of electric wheel loader, to prevent additional load and utilize commercially available hydraulic components. Modeling and parameter design are conducted. A mode-based control strategy is developed. The simulation study is carried out to verify the feasibility of system and control strategy. The system performance and energy comparison between proposed system and centralized load-sensing baseline system are conducted. Results demonstrate the efficiency of proposed system improves from 37.6% to 71.9% compared to baseline system.
Flow Ripple Reduction of Axial Piston Pump With Pre-Compression Volume and Embedded Sequence Valve
Authors: Wang Renyuan , Xu Yuanzhi , Jiao Zongxia , Cao Angran , Wan Xiaofei , Yu Tian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the aircraft hydraulic system, constant pressure piston pump, as the main power supply component, is widely utilized due to its high power efficiency. The flow ripple caused by the axial piston pump may induce pipe vibration and lower hydraulic components’ reliability, which becomes an especially concerned issue. Compared with the traditional relief groove, the pre-compression volume (PCV) used in piston pumps could pre-charge the piston chamber’s pressure to reduce the backflow more evidently. However, the pressure in PCV is affected by system pressure, pump speed and swashplate angle, which refer to the discharge pressure, the time duration of this transient and the volume of piston chamber, respectively. In the piston pump’s constant pressure zone, the discharge pressure is higher at zero swashplate angle compared with that at full swashplate angle, while PCV needs lower pressure to charge the piston chamber because its volume is smaller. For the purpose of flow ripple reduction for different swashplate angles, this study proposes to employ an embedded sequence valve (ESV), with open neutral position, placed between PCV and discharge port. The opening of ESV becomes smaller when the discharge pressure goes higher. This design could change the pressure in PCV automatically and help reduce the piston chamber’s backflow. Based on the modelling of PCV type pump, the mathematical model of pump’s flow ripple including the pump with PCV type pump with ESV is established. The key parameters of the valve are investigated and designed. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of the proposed pump is established, and the numerical validation of different working statuses is carried out. The result indicates that significant flow ripple reduction and pressure pulsation reduction at different pump displacements are achieved.
Supplemental Material: Fluid-fluxed melting of juvenile lower crust traced by molybdenum isotopes
Authors: Xia You-Shan , Gao Peng , Sun Guo-Chao , Zhao Zi-Fu , al. et 
Published: October 2024

<p>Geological background and sample descriptions, Methods, Figures S1–S9, Tables S1–S6, and other references cited. </p>
The geometry of fault reactivation and uplift along the central part of the Maacama Fault Zone, Northern California Coast Ranges (USA)
Authors: Melosh Benjamin L. , McLaughlin Robert J. , Ohlin Henry N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fault reactivation of bedrock structures in active fault zones influences stress state and earthquake rupture phenomena through the introduction of weak slip surfaces that impact fault zone geometry and width. Yet, geometric relationships between modern faults and older reactivated faults are difficult to quantify in rocks that have experienced multiple deformation episodes. We used new geologic mapping, geomorphic tools, and structural modeling to quantify rock uplift and subsurface fault geometry of the central part of the Maacama Fault Zone near Ukiah, California, USA, and the surrounding area. Results suggest that the northern Mayacamas Mountains are in a tectonically driven disequilibrium, with differential rock uplift focused on the western side of the range. Steeply east-dipping fault surfaces and splays characterize the geometry of the Maacama Fault Zone. We mapped two newly identified faults to the east of the main Maacama Fault, the Cow Mountain–Mill Creek Fault, and Willow Creek Fault, which align with a moderately east-dipping cluster of microseismicity between 4–10 km depth beneath the Mayacamas Mountains. Static stress modeling on the Maacama Fault Zone and newly identified faults to the east quantify slip tendency values of 0.5–0.4, which suggests that the faults are moderately to poorly suited for slip in the modern stress field and may be weak. We infer that modern uplift is driven by oblique reverse, up-to-the-east, dip-slip motion on the reactivated Cenozoic Cow Mountain–Mill Creek and Willow Creek Faults as material is advected through a restraining bend on the Maacama Fault. This study shows that reactivated bedrock faults increase the fault zone width and introduce fault surfaces that contribute a component of vertical deformation and uplift in major strike-slip fault zones. Deformation is accommodated on an interconnected network of new and reactivated faults that delineate a complex seismic hazard.
Complexity characterization in modeling anisotropic compact stellar structures
Authors: Das Shyam , Govender Megandhren , Aktar Somi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present an exact solution to the Einstein field equations, featuring a static, spherically symmetric, anisotropic compact stellar fluid sphere with non-zero complexity. The model is constructed using a specific metric potential for the $$g_{tt}$$

g

tt

component, along with a defined complexity profile. The model parameters are fixed by ensuring the continuity of the interior and exterior metrics across the surface of the star and by setting the radial pressure to zero across the boundary. The stability of the model has been analyzed by verification of different standard conditions. Validation of our model is supported by recent observational data from well-known pulsars.
Coupling and recoupling coefficients for Wigner’s U(4) supermultiplet symmetry
Authors: Dang Phong , Draayer Jerry P. , Pan Feng , Dytrych Tomáš , Langr Daniel , Kekejian David , Becker Kevin S. , Thompson Noah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel procedure for evaluating Wigner coupling coefficients and Racah recoupling coefficients for U(4) in two group–subgroup chains is presented. The canonical $$\rm U(4) \supset U(3)\supset U(2)\supset U(1)$$

U
(
4
)
⊃
U
(
3
)
⊃
U
(
2
)
⊃
U
(
1
)

coupling and recoupling coefficients are applicable to any system that possesses U(4) symmetry, while the physical $$\mathrm{U(4)} \supset \textrm{SU}_{\mathrm{S}}(2) \otimes \textrm{SU}_{\mathrm{T}}(2)$$

U
(
4
)

⊃

SU
S

(
2
)

⊗

SU
T

(
2
)

coupling coefficients are more specific to nuclear structure studies that utilize Wigner’s supermultiplet symmetry concept. The procedure that is proposed sidesteps the use of binomial coefficients and alternating sum series and consequently enables fast and accurate computation of any and all U(4)-underpinned features. The inner multiplicity of a (S, T) pair within a single $$\mathrm U(4)$$

U
(
4
)

irreducible representation is obtained from the dimension of the null space of the $$\mathrm{SU(2)}$$

SU
(
2
)

raising generators, while the resolution for the outer multiplicity follows from the work of Alex et al. on $$\mathrm U(N)$$

U
(
N
)

. It is anticipated that a C++ library will ultimately be available for determining generic coupling and recoupling coefficients associated with both the canonical and the physical group–subgroup chains of U(4).
LIMITED USE VERSUS TOTAL USE OF TOURNIQUET IN PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Al-Shamari Ahmed Latteef , Assi Mohammed Hussein 
Published: October 2024

Background: Tourniquets are used during total knee arthroplasty for better surgical fields and improved cementation. The functional benefits of tourniquet application for limited periods compared with total duration applications during total knee joint arthroplasty (TKA) surgery have not been well explored. Aim of the study: To evaluate and compare the outcomes of limited use of a tourniquet (LT) for a shorter duration (just before cement application) with total use of a tourniquet (TT) for a longer duration (from skin incision to the completion of surgery). Patients and method: A sum of 100 patients who undertook primary total knee arthroplasty were involved in this study, they were allocated randomly into two groups according to whether a limited or total tourniquet was used during the surgery. Both groups underwent the same surgical procedures with a digital tourniquet applied to all patients using the same technique. Intraoperative and postoperative assessment of blood loss, knee functional society score (KSS), visual analogue score (VAS) for thigh pain and knee pain evaluation, surgical complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), wound infections and nerve injuries are the main factors evaluated in the study. Results: Patients with LT required more intraoperative blood transfusion compared with those with TT who required more blood transfusion postoperatively. There were no significant differences in KSS, VAS for thigh pain and knee pain evaluation, and surgical complications like DVT, wound infections and nerve injuries. Conclusion: Limited tourniquet application from starting of cementing is associated with a higher need for intraoperative blood transfusion, but the use of a TT throughout surgery is associated with a higher need for postoperative blood transfusion.
Implant Survival of an Uncemented Modular Femoral Implant in Patients With Severe Femoral Bone Loss and 2‐Stage Hip Revision
Authors: Winther Sebastian , Elsayed Naima , Dyreborg Karen , Mortensen Elinborg , M. Petersen Michael. , Stürup Jens , Winther Nikolaj S. 
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose: Revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) is a challenging procedure especially in the presence of severe bone loss where implant fixation is compromised. The aim of this study was to evaluate implant survival, clinical outcome, and midterm results in a group of complex patients after femoral revision using an uncemented modular implant design.Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective study including 100 patients (101 hips) treated with revision THA using an uncemented modular implant design. We identified 51 hips as Paprosky types I‐II and 50 hips as Paprosky III‐IV bone defects. We reviewed operative reports and radiographs. Patients underwent a clinical examination to assess the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and completed patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM), including the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and the EQ‐5D Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Minimum follow‐up was 2 years (average, 5.8 years; range, 2.0–9.4 years).Results: Among the cases, 46 hips were revised for infection in a 2‐stage procedure and 44 hips for aseptic loosening. 11 hips had periprosthetic fractures of Vancouver type B2 or B3. A total of 5 hips required revision with removal of the femoral implant and 11 patients experienced complications resulting in fracture (n = 1), dislocation (n = 10), and soft tissue revision (n = 1). The 5‐year implant survival estimated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was 95% (95%‐CI: 91%–99%). All hips had radiographic evidence of osseointegration and no one with subsidence greater than 5 mm. Additionally, 80% showed radiographic evidence of restoration of proximal femoral bone. Mean HHS was 78.Conclusion: In complex cases of revision THA, using a modular revision femoral system yielded promising results. The 5‐year implant survival estimated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was 95% (95%‐CI: 91%–99%), with all hips demonstrating radiographic evidence of osseointegration and no one with subsidence greater than 5 mm. Notably 80% showed radiographic evidence of restoration of proximal femoral bone.
Nurses’ Perception on the Hindrances of Triage System in Emergency Unit
Authors: Olofinbiyi Olunike Blessing , Makhado Lufuno 
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite the fact that several triage tools have been implemented globally, emergency care, including the triage system, is often one of the weakest parts of the health system in developing countries, as compared to developed countries. Moreover, emergency centers in African countries are very busy, often flooded by high load of trauma patients, chronic medical conditions, acute medical emergencies, and HIV‐related conditions. These disease conditions precipitate the reasons for the prioritization of patients. In South Africa, studies conducted on the use of triage by nurses revealed that most patients are satisfied with the Nurse‐led triage service provided in emergency departments (EDs). At the same time, some Nurses also see the South African Triage Scale (SATS) as one of the easiest Nurse‐led triage tools.Aim: The study aimed at identifying the factors hindering the effective process of triage during care provision at a selected public hospital in KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN).Methods: This study utilized a cross‐sectional survey, employing a nonprobability convenience sampling to recruit its respondents. The recognition primed decision model formed the framework of the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal Ethics Review Board, and ethics principles were carefully observed throughout the study.Results: Out of the 100 respondents, 89% (89) of the respondents perceived that various factors still impede the progress of triage, while 11% (11) of the respondents perceived that no factor impedes the progress of triage.Conclusion: The study indicates that several factors still hinder the effective process of triage. Based on the findings of the study, factors like overcrowding, Nurses waiting for doctors when they know what to do, lack of continuous professional development on triage system, inadequate experience, lack of confidence, and lack of adequate training on triage still impede the efficient triage system.
Assessing the Condition and Damage of a Stilt Wooden Home in an Area Prone to Floods
Authors: Hasmeddy Nur Qamariah , Biton Ara Billa , Chin Avyda Tang Pei , Idek Sirhajwan , Danil Jovinia , Amin Dayang Amidah , Khatijah Dayang Siti 
Published: October 2024

This study was intended to assess condition and damages of a stilt wooden house located in in Keningau, Sabah, in order to develop a proper home repair and restoration plan that can be scaled up to other houses of similar design in areas that are susceptible to flood and other environmental factors which can affect the structural integrity. The findings revealed that the chosen stilt wooden house has decayed severely that many parts of the house mainly the roof, the floors, the railing and stairs were in decrepit condition which could pose danger to the occupants. The results also implied that there were various factors that led to the condition of the house namely termite infestation and moist and weakened wood which could be due to the damaged zinc roof that caused rainwater to leak into the house, direct contact with floodwater and possibly leaky plumbing. A repair and restoration work was done by focusing on the parts of the house that needed immediate fix in order to ensure comfort and safety of the household. This study may shed more light on how to repair and restore as well as redesign wooden homes in order to be more resilient towards damaged caused by environmental variables.
Plasma Protein Biomarkers and Long‐Term Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Patients With Chronic Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Stewart Ralph A. H. , Robledo Kristy P. , Tonkin Andrew M. , Keech Anthony , Kritharides Leonard , Marschner Ian , Janus Edward , Thompson Peter L. , Watts Gerald F. , Zeller Tanja , White Harvey D. , Simes John 
Published: October 2024

Background
Protein biomarkers that reflect different pathophysiological pathways have been associated with the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, it is uncertain whether these associations are sustained with increasing years after the biomarkers are measured.

Methods and Results

In this cohort study, 7745 patients with coronary heart disease who participated in the LIPID (Long‐Term Intervention With Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease) trial, BNP (B‐type natriuretic peptide), troponin I, cystatin‐C, C‐reactive protein,
d
‐dimer and midregional proadrenomedullin were measured at baseline and after 1 year. Discrimination of plasma biomarker concentrations for cardiovascular death were evaluated in landmark analyses from 1 year for the next 5 years of the randomized trial, and for 10 additional years after trial completion. All 6 biomarkers were associated with risk of cardiovascular death (n=1903) both during and after the clinical trial (each
P
<0.001). C‐statistics for BNP were 0.706 and 0.704; cystatin‐C, 0.686 and 0.693; troponin I, 0.686 and 0.689; C‐reactive protein, 0.655 and 0.684;
d
‐dimer, 0.670 and 0.679, and midregional adrenomedullin, 0.686 and 0.688, respectively. In multivariable models, adding all 6 biomarkers to models with clinical risk factors increased the C‐statistic for cardiovascular death from 0.709 to 0.775 during the clinical trial, and from 0.713 to 0.751 during 10‐year follow‐up after the randomized trial (
P
<0.001 for both).

Conclusions
In patients with chronic coronary heart disease, biomarkers that reflect different pathophysiological pathways are associated with the risk of cardiovascular death for at least the next 15 years.
Cost‐Utility Analysis of Low‐Dose Pioglitazone in a Population With Prediabetes and a History of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Yuan Fei , Spence J. David , Tarride Jean‐Eric 
Published: October 2024

Background
Pioglitazone significantly reduces the risk of stroke in people with diabetes, and in those with prediabetes, it markedly reduces the risk of stroke/myocardial infarction and new‐onset diabetes. Low‐dose pioglitazone provides most of the clinical benefits of high‐dose pioglitazone, with fewer adverse effects. We report an economic evaluation of the cost‐effectiveness of low‐dose pioglitazone versus placebo from a Canadian public payer perspective in 2023 Canadian dollars.

Methods and Results
A Markov model was developed at a lifetime horizon with an annual cycle length and 5 health states (event‐free, myocardial infarction, stroke, new‐onset diabetes, and death). Transition probabilities were extracted from the IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention in Stroke) trial. Health state costs and utilities were based on public sources. Annual discount rates of 1.5% were applied in the reference‐case analysis. Probabilistic analyses were conducted to deal with parameter uncertainty through 5000 simulations. The costs were estimated as $24 887 (interquartile range [IQR], $14 632–$41507) for low‐dose pioglitazone and $57 301 (IQR, $48 730–$67368) for placebo, resulting in a cost saving of −$30 287 (IQR, −$43 374 to −$14 587) in favor of low‐dose pioglitazone. Quality‐adjusted life years were estimated as 25.99 (IQR, 24.56–26.81) for the low‐dose pioglitazone and 19.44 (IQR, 18.68–20.13) for placebo, resulting in a difference of 6.37 (IQR, 5.07−7.36) in favor of low‐dose pioglitazone. Consistent findings were observed from scenario analyses and 1‐way probability sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Holding across a wide range of values in modeling parameters, low‐dose pioglitazone is found as the dominant strategy versus a placebo.
Short Sleep Duration and Hypertension: A Double Hit for the Brain
Authors: Yiallourou Stephanie , Baril Andree‐Ann , Wiedner Crystal , Song Xuemei , Bernal Rebecca , Himali Dibya , Cavuoto Marina G. , DeCarli Charles , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha , Himali Jayandra J. , Pase Matthew P. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Short sleep duration has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Short sleep is associated with elevated blood pressure, yet the combined insult of short sleep and hypertension on brain health remains unclear. We assessed whether the association of sleep duration with cognition and vascular brain injury was moderated by hypertensive status.

Methods and Results

A total of 682 dementia‐free participants (mean age, 62±9 years; 53% women) from the Framingham Heart Study completed assessments of cognition, office blood pressure, and self‐reported habitual and polysomnography‐derived sleep duration; 637 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regressions were performed to assess effect modification by hypertensive status on total sleep time (coded in hours) and cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes. There was a significant interaction between sleep duration and hypertensive status when predicting executive function/processing speed (Trail Making B‐A) and white matter hyperintensities. When results were stratified by hypertensive status, longer sleep duration was associated with better executive functioning/processing speed scores in the hypertensive group (meaning that shorter sleep duration was associated with poorer executive function/processing speed scores) (self‐report sleep: β=0.041 [95% CI, 0.012–0.069],
P
=0.005; polysomnography sleep: β=0.045 [95% CI, 0.002–0.087],
P
=0.038), but no association was observed for the normotensive group. Similarly, shorter subjective sleep duration was associated with higher white matter hyperintensity burden in the hypertensive group (β=−0.115 [95% CI, −0.227 to −0.004],
P
=0.042), but not in the normotensive group.

Conclusions
In individuals with hypertension, shorter sleep duration was associated with worse cognitive performance and greater brain injury.