bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane in the lunar exosphere: Implications for solar wind carbon escape
Authors: Hodges, R. Richard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA positive identification of methane in the lunar exosphere has been made in data from the neutral mass spectrometer on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft. Like argon‐40, methane is adsorbed on the lunar surface during nighttime. However, higher activation energies for methane delay its desorption at sunrise by about an hour local time, creating a postsunrise bulge with peak concentration of approximately 400–450 molecules cm−3 at a reference altitude of 12 km, which is just above the highest topographic feature on the Moon. The rate of escape of carbon as methane derived from the LADEE data is estimated to be in the range 1.5–4.5 × 1021 s−1. A lower bound for solar carbon escape derived separately from Apollo sample analyses is 3.4 × 1021 s−1.
Real‐time detection, location, and characterization of rockslides using broadband regional seismic networks
Authors: Manconi Andrea , Picozzi Matteo , Coviello Velio , De Santis Francesca , Elia Luca 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose a new real‐time approach to detect, locate, and estimate the volume of rockslides by analyzing waveforms acquired from broadband regional seismic networks. The identification of signals generated by rockslides from other sources, such as natural and/or induced earthquakes, is accomplished by exploiting the ratio between local magnitudes (ML) and duration magnitudes (MD). We found that signals associated with rockslides have ML/MD < 0.8, while for earthquakes ML/MD ≅ 1. In addition, we derived an empirical relationship between MD and rockslide volumes, obtaining a preliminary characterization of rockslide volume within seconds after their occurrence. The key points of this study are presented by testing the hypothesis on a recent rockslide event that occurred in northern Italy. We discuss also the potential evolution of the methodology for early warning and/or rapid response purposes.
An assessment of basic processes controlling mean surface salinity over the global ocean
Authors: Ponte R. M. , Vinogradova N. T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA data‐constrained ocean state estimate that permits closed property budget diagnostics is used to examine the balance between surface forcing (
), advective (
), and diffusive (
) fluxes in maintaining the large‐scale time‐mean surface salinity
. Time‐mean budgets (1993–2010) are considered for the 10 m thick top layer. In general,
tends to counteract
, but
is important almost everywhere, and some regions show a main balance between
and
(Bay of Bengal, Arctic) or
and
(tropical Atlantic and Pacific). Advection tends to freshen the surface in the tropics and high latitudes, with opposite tendencies in midlatitudes. For various
tropical extrema,
adds to the
tendencies in precipitation regions and opposes
in evaporation regions. Long‐term
conditions thus reflect more than a simple diffusive adjustment to
, likely involving close interaction between wind‐ and buoyancy‐driven circulation and mixing processes.
An estimation of the yield and response functions for the mini neutron monitor
Authors: Caballero‐Lopez R. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe present study estimates the yield and response functions of the mini neutron monitor (miniNM). This relatively new cosmic ray detector is the mobile version of the standard NM64. It can be use not only to calibrate the NM64 but also to study the modulation processes. Due to its portability, the miniNM can be easily placed in a suitable location to measure secondary particles, which give information about the intensity variations of galactic and solar cosmic rays. In order to perform these modulation studies with miniNMs, it is crucial to know their sensitivity to detect secondary cosmic ray flux, i.e., we must know their yield function. A previous study found that miniNM and NM64 have slightly different response functions. This work analyzes the observed counting rate ratio (miniNM to NM64) and gives for the first time an useful expression for the yield function of the miniNM. The results found here will allow to interpret the new measurements with this mobile neutron monitor. For comparison, a brief summary of the NM64 yield functions reported by other authors is presented.
Longitudinal variations of thermospheric composition at the solstices
Authors: Qian Liying , Burns Alan G. , Wang Wenbin , Solomon Stanley C. , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractO/N2, measured by the Global Ultraviolet Imager on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite, has large longitudinal variations at the solstices, which are simulated well in upper atmosphere general circulation models. These longitudinal variations are caused by the displacement of the Earth's magnetic poles from the geographic ones. The location of a magnetic pole affects the latitude at which the winds, driven by heating in summer, converge in the subauroral region of the winter hemisphere. In the magnetic pole's longitude sector, this convergence occurs at relatively low latitudes, which results in the maximum values of O/N2 also occurring at relatively low latitudes. These latitudes have a relatively small solar zenith angle, contributing to a strong winter anomaly. In the zonally opposite longitude sector, maximum values of O/N2 occur at relatively high latitudes because the summer‐to‐winter wind convergence also occurs at relatively high latitudes. These high latitudes have a relatively large solar zenith angle, so ionization is weak, contributing to a weak winter anomaly. Therefore, the displacement between the magnetic and geographic poles not only results in a strong longitudinal variation of O/N2 but also results in a strong longitudinal variation of the ionosphere winter anomaly.
A large refined catalog of earthquake relocations and focal mechanisms for the Island of Hawai'i and its seismotectonic implications
Authors: Lin Guoqing , Okubo Paul G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present high‐quality focal mechanisms based on a refined earthquake location catalog for the Island of Hawai'i, focusing on Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes. The relocation catalog is based on first‐arrival times and waveform data of both compressional and shear waves for about 180,000 events on and near the Island of Hawai'i between 1986 and 2009 recorded by the seismic stations at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We relocate all the earthquakes by applying ray tracing through an existing three‐dimensional velocity model, similar event cluster analysis, and a differential‐time relocation method. The resulting location catalog represents an expansion of previous relocation studies, covering a longer time period and consisting of more events with well‐constrained absolute locations. The focal mechanisms are obtained based on the compressional‐wave first‐motion polarities and compressional‐to‐shear wave amplitude ratios by applying the HASH program to the waveform cross correlation relocated earthquakes. Overall, the good‐quality (defined by the HASH parameters) focal solutions are dominated by normal faulting in our study area, especially in the active Ka'ōiki and Hīlea seismic zones. Kīlauea caldera is characterized by a mixture of approximately equal numbers of normal, strike‐slip, and reverse faults, whereas its south flank has slightly fewer strike‐slip events. Our relocation and focal mechanism results will be useful for mapping the seismic stress and strain fields and for understanding the seismic‐volcanic‐tectonic relationships within the magmatic systems.
Design of manifold multiplexers in all‐inductive dual‐mode rectangular waveguide technology using the coupling matrix formalism
Authors: Pons Abenza A. , Martinez‐Mendoza M. , Quesada Pereira F. D. , Alvarez‐Melcon A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents for the first time the design of manifold multiplexers in waveguide technology using all‐inductive dual‐mode channel filters. It is shown that very complex transfer functions can be implemented for the channels, using simple structures that can be analyzed and manufactured with increased simplicity as compared to other commercial solutions. In this paper we adapt a standard design technique for manifold multiplexers to the new proposed technology. The paper is illustrated with the design of two triplexers, using H‐type and E‐type waveguide manifolds, with filters implementing two transmission zeros in the insertion loss response for maximum isolation between channels. Results show that the procedure is indeed effective and can be used for the design of practical multiplexer configurations.
Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of methane gas migration from decommissioned hydrocarbon production wells into shallow aquifers
Authors: Roy N. , Molson J. , Lemieux J.‐M. , Van Stempvoort D. , Nowamooz A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThree‐dimensional numerical simulations are used to provide insight into the behavior of methane as it migrates from a leaky decommissioned hydrocarbon well into a shallow aquifer. The conceptual model includes gas‐phase migration from a leaky well, dissolution into groundwater, advective‐dispersive transport and biodegradation of the dissolved methane plume. Gas‐phase migration is simulated using the DuMux multiphase simulator, while transport and fate of the dissolved phase is simulated using the BIONAPL/3D reactive transport model. Methane behavior is simulated for two conceptual models: first in a shallow confined aquifer containing a decommissioned leaky well based on a monitored field site near Lindbergh, Alberta, Canada, and secondly on a representative unconfined aquifer based loosely on the Borden, Ontario, field site. The simulations show that the Lindbergh site confined aquifer data are generally consistent with a 2 year methane leak of 2–20 m3/d, assuming anaerobic (sulfate‐reducing) methane oxidation and with maximum oxidation rates of 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3 kg/m3/d. Under the highest oxidation rate, dissolved methane decreased from solubility (110 mg/L) to the threshold concentration of 10 mg/L within 5 years. In the unconfined case with the same leakage rate, including both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation, the methane plume was less extensive compared to the confined aquifer scenarios. Unconfined aquifers may therefore be less vulnerable to impacts from methane leaks along decommissioned wells. At other potential leakage sites, site‐specific data on the natural background geochemistry would be necessary to make reliable predictions on the fate of methane in groundwater.
Molpoi
Authors: Carbon Jan‐Mathieu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Literally a group of singers and dancers, the
molpoi
formed one of the principal groups in the city of Miletos from (at least) the late Archaic to the end of Hellenistic period. The group attests to the fact that political authority and religious activity were closely interwoven at Miletos, as well as perhaps in other areas of the Greek world.
Isidore of Alexandria
Authors: Athanassiadi Polymnia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Isidore was a fifth‐century
ce
Platonist philosopher who studied in his native Alexandria and in Athens, and traveled extensively in Syria and Asia Minor. Taking as models Pythagoras and Socrates, he cultivated orality as a means of imparting wisdom and therefore left no writings. We can draw information from two contemporary sources about his personality and career: the substantial fragments of a
Life
by his pupil and last head of the Academy of Athens, Damascius, and the
Life of Severus
by Zacharias of Mitylene, which survives in a Syriac translation.
Orientalism, Roman Empire
Authors: Audley‐Miller Lucy 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The term orientalism refers to the way in which the peoples and culture of the east are defined and represented according to the perceptions of western observers. Orientalism in the Roman period drew on ideas about the east established by earlier Greek writers but did so in a selective way, and was informed by the cultural context of the Roman Empire. Stereotypes about the east and its people could serve an important role in shaping Roman self‐image: in contrast to Rome's supposedly simple masculine traditions and good government, the east was depicted as a place of decadent living, effeminacy, and despotic rule. These perceptions were continuously negotiated and adjusted. In parallel with these notions, religious cults proclaiming eastern origins were also popular in the city of Rome and some eastern customs and goods became highly desirable marks of elite Roman status, which in turn also affected orientalist perceptions.
Scholarship, Hellenistic
Authors: Schironi Francesca 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Scholarship developed in all the main Hellenistic courts, as a result of royal patronage. With their many interests, the Alexandrian scholars to a particularly marked extent developed new genres and methodologies to study literary and non‐literary texts. Their work had a permanent impact on the selection of Greek literature which we still read, and also on our own approach to the humanities because disciplines such as philology, grammar, literary exegesis, chronology and lexicography first started or underwent a fundamental development during the Hellenistic period.
Perachora in Corinthia
Authors: Vlachou Vasiliki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Perachora is a peninsula in the Gulf of Corinth, located ca. 14 km northeast of ancient Corinth. The site is occupied by a sanctuary dedicated to Hera
Akraia
and
Limenia
, which was associated with Corinthian trading activity by the late eighth century
bce
, and reached its peak in the Archaic and Classical periods.
Slavs
Authors: Kazanski Michel 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Slavs are a group among the European peoples, attested by written and archaeological sources from the Roman period onwards in the Dnieper basin in eastern Europe. During the sixth century, the Slavs settled in the Balkans and thus entered the zone of Byzantium's cultural, political and economic influence. At the same time, groups of western Slavs settled along the margins of the Merovingian and Lombard kingdoms. This geographical separation predefined the two divergent paths followed by the medieval Slavic civilizations.
Chersikrates of Corinth
Authors: Donnellan Lieve 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Chersicrates of Corinth was the founder (
oikistes
) of a colony (
apoikia
) on the island of Corcyra, around 734/3
bce
. He was closely related to Archias of Corinth, the founder of the colony at Syracuse in Sicily.
Karabournaki
Authors: Saripanidi Vivi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The coastal site at Karabournaki in Thessalonike is identified with the main settlement of ancient Therme, which was one of the major ports of the northern Aegean. Inhabited probably from the Late Bronze Age until Roman times, the settlement flourished particularly during the Archaic period. Apart from graves, excavations at this site have revealed residential quarters, along with the remains of metallurgical and pottery production activities.
Teichos Dymaion
Authors: Giannopoulos Theodoros G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Teichos Dymaion (“Wall of Dymaeans”) is a multi‐period fortified acropolis in the westernmost part of Achaia, in the northwestern Peloponnese in southern Greece. The name of the site goes back to the Hellenistic period (323–30
bce
), when the citadel was used by the Achaian city of Dyme. However, the main phase of the fortification dates back to the Late Bronze Age or Mycenaean period (1700–1050
bce
), probably to the thirteenth century
bce
.
Shawushka
Authors: Beckman Gary 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Shawushka is a prominent Hurrian goddess of sexuality, warfare, and magic identified early on with Mesopotamian Ištar. Most information concerning her has been found at the Hittite capital Hattusa, where her cult was introduced in the fifteenth century
bce
from Hurrian‐influenced Kizzuwatna/Cilicia.
Philotimia
Authors: Ferrucci Stefano 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Philotimia
, literally “love of honor,” was listed, in the fourth century
bce
, among Athenian “civic virtues,” recognized by the
polis
in honorary decrees, and considered a positive model for social and political conduct, mainly in relation to public offices (
archai)
and liturgies. A “system of honors” emerged ca. 350
bce
, and established a pattern of relations between the wealthy and the political community, continued and reinforced in Hellenistic times, when the king (
basileus
) appears as the main benefactor of the
polis
.
Philotimia
was, on the other hand, an ambivalent and controversial concept, owing to the potential risk of excess in striving for honors and in ostentatious spending to obtain them.
Syme, Ronald (1903–1989)
Authors: Pelling Christopher B. R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Sir Ronald Syme was a New Zealand‐born, Oxford‐based scholar, often regarded as the greatest Roman historian of the twentieth century. His two great works, noted for their distinctive style as well as for their historical acumen, are
The Roman Revolution
(1939) and
Tacitus
(1958), but he wrote prolifically on other periods and authors, including late antiquity and the
Historia Augusta
.
Syncretism
Authors: Pedrucci Giulia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Marked by its conflicting etymology and predisposed by its past use in theology as a pejorative and biased term, syncretism has entered the study of religion, including anthropology, for the purpose of describing processes in religion of integration, acculturation, transformation, and innovation in various fields of study. In order to reach an agreement on this heated debate one must consider all the aspects connected with the category, whether we are talking about syncretism as a descriptive, taxonomic, discursive, political, or explanatory term.
Iasos, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age
Authors: Kelder Jorrit M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Iasos is a site on the Anatolian southwest coast occupied from the Late Neolithic until the Middle Ages. Renowned for its excellent harbors in Classical times, Iasos was involved in Aegean trade already from the Early Bronze Age. During the Late Bronze Age, the site was drawn deeper into the Aegean orbit, and was characterized by strong Minoan, and later Mycenaean, cultural influence.
Lex Oppia
Authors: Hopwood Bronwyn 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The
Lex Oppia
, passed in 215
bce
and repealed in 195
bce
, prohibited women from using more than half an ounce of gold, purple‐dyed clothing, or carriages except during public religious festivals. The law has become a focal point in discussions of Roman luxury and women's rights.
Preliminary Outcomes of a Cross‐Site Cognitive–Behavioral and Neuromuscular Integrative Training Intervention for Juvenile Fibromyalgia
Authors: Tran Susan T. , Guite Jessica W. , Pantaleao Ashley , Pfeiffer Megan , Myer Gregory D. , Sil Soumitri , Thomas Staci M. , Ting Tracy V. , Williams Sara E. , Edelheit Barbara , Ounpuu Sylvia , Rodriguez‐MacClintic Jennifer , Zemel Lawrence , Zempsky William , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveCognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing disability among youth with juvenile fibromyalgia (FM); however, engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity remains poor, even after CBT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of an innovative program combining CBT with specialized neuromuscular exercise: the Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens (FIT Teens) program.MethodsAdolescents with juvenile FM (n = 22, all female, ages 12–18 years) from 2 urban children's hospitals participated in the 8‐week FIT Teens intervention. Participants completed measures of pain intensity, functional disability, depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, and readiness to change at baseline and after the intervention.ResultsThe feasibility of the intervention across 2 sites was documented, including high retention rates (80%). Participants showed significant decreases in functional disability (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.001), fear of movement (P < 0.01), and pain catastrophizing (P < 0.001) from pre‐ to postintervention. Results of the readiness to change measure indicated a significant decrease in precontemplation (P < 0.01) and increase in action/maintenance scores (P < 0.001). All results demonstrated medium to large effect sizes.ConclusionAdolescents with juvenile FM reported significant improvements in physical function and reduced fear of movement following the intervention. Improvement in physical function was achieved in a shorter time frame than in a prior trial of CBT without an exercise component. Further work is needed to compare the FIT Teens program with existing approaches and determine whether objective changes in exercise participation are achieved.
Rates of Serious Infections in HIV‐Infected Patients Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy for Concomitant Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Wangsiricharoen Sintawat , Ligon Colin , Gedmintas Lydia , Dehrab Admad , Tungsiripat Marisa , Bingham Clifton , Lozada Carlos , Calabrese Leonard 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of serious infections in patients with HIV infection and autoimmune disease who were treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, and to compare these rates by stratified viral load levels.MethodsUsing a unified search strategy, 4 centers identified HIV‐infected patients exposed to TNF inhibitors. Patient characteristics and infection data were assessed via chart review in all patients who were ≥18 years old and who received TNF inhibitor therapy after HIV diagnosis, between January 1999 and March 2015.ResultsWe studied 23 patients with 26 uses of TNF inhibitor therapy (86.7 person‐years of followup). Two (8.7%) experienced at least 1 serious infection episode, for an overall incidence rate of 2.55 per 100 patient‐years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.28–9.23). The incidence rate per 100 patient‐years was 3.28 (95% CI 0.04–18.26) among patients with a viral load >500 copies/ml at therapy initiation and 2.09 (0.03–11.65) among patients with a viral load ≤500 copies/ml.ConclusionThis study suggests that the rate of serious infections in patients with HIV infection under active care who have received treatment with TNF inhibitors may be comparable to the rates observed in registry databases.