bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the microbial communities colonizing prepainted steel used for roofing and walling
Authors: Huynh Tran T. , Jamil Ili , Pianegonda Nicole A. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Barker Philip J. , Manefield Mike , Rice Scott A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicrobial colonization of prepainted steel, commonly used in roofing applications, impacts their aesthetics, durability, and functionality. Understanding the relevant organisms and the mechanisms by which colonization occurs would provide valuable information that can be subsequently used to design fouling prevention strategies. Here, next‐generation sequencing and microbial community finger printing (T‐RFLP) were used to study the community composition of microbes colonizing prepainted steel roofing materials at Burrawang, Australia and Kapar, Malaysia over a 52‐week period. Community diversity was low and was dominated by Bacillus spp., cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, Cladosporium sp., Epicoccum nigrum, and Teratosphaeriaceae sp. Cultivation‐based methods isolated approximately 20 different fungi and bacteria, some of which, such as E. nigrum and Cladosporium sp., were represented in the community sequence data. Fluorescence in situ hybridization imaging showed that fungi were the most dominant organisms present. Analysis of the sequence and T‐RFLP data indicated that the microbial communities differed significantly between locations and changed significantly over time. The study demonstrates the utility of molecular ecology tools to identify and characterize microbial communities associated with the fouling of painted steel surfaces and ultimately can enable the targeted development of control strategies based on the dominant species responsible for fouling.
Experimental investigation on the accuracy of plastic scintillators and of the spectrum discrimination method in small photon fields
Authors: Papaconstadopoulos Pavlos , Archambault Louis , Seuntjens Jan 
Published: December 2016

PurposeTo investigate the accuracy of output factor measurements using a commercial (Exradin W1, SI) and a prototype, “in‐house” developed, plastic scintillation dosimeter (PSD) in small photon fields.MethodsRepetitive detector‐specific output factor OFdet measurements were performed in water (parallel to the CAX) using two W1 PSDs (SI), a PTW microLion, a PTW microDiamond and an unshielded diode D1V (SI) to which Monte Carlo calculated corrections factors were applied. Four sets of repetitive measurements were performed with the W1 PSD positioned parallel and perpendicular to the CAX, each set on a different day, and with analytically calculated volume averaging corrections applied. The W1 OFdet measurements were compared to measurements using an “in‐house” developed PSD in water (CHUQ) and both were validated against a previously commissioned Monte Carlo beam model in small photon fields. The performance of the spectrum discrimination calibration procedure was evaluated under different fiber orientations and wavelength threshold choices and the impact on the respective OFdet was reported.ResultsFor all detectors in the study an excellent agreement was observed down to a field size of 1 × 1 cm2. For the smallest field size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm2, the W1 PSDs presented OFdet readings higher by 3.8 to 5.0% relative to the mean corrected OFdet of the rest of the detectors and by 5.8 to 6.1% relative to the CHUQ PSD. The repetitive W1 OFdet measurements in water (parallel CAX) were higher by 3.9% relative to the OFdet measurements in Solid WaterTM(perpendicular CAX) even after volume averaging corrections were applied, indicating a potential fiber orientation dependency in small fields. Uncertainties in jaw and detector repositioning as well as source variations with time were estimated to be less than 0.9% (1 σ) for the W1 under both orientations. The CHUQ PSD agreed with the MC dose calculations in water, for the smallest field size, within 1.1–1.7% before any corrections and within 0.3–0.8% after volume averaging corrections. The spectrum discrimination method provided reproducible Cherenkov spectra under the different calibration set‐ups with noisier spectra extracted if the calibration is performed in water and parallel to the CAX. The impact of fiber orientation and wavelength threshold during calibration on OFdet was in general minimal.ConclusionsClinically relevant differences were observed between similar scintillator dosimeters in photon fields smaller than 1 × 1 cm2. Further research on PSDs is needed that can explain the origin of these differences especially related to the Cherenkov spectrum dependencies on the optical fiber technical characteristics.
Phytoelectrochemical analysis of Zanthoxylum chiloperone
Authors: Cebrián‐Torrejón Gerardo , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Figadère Bruno , Poupon Erwan , Fournet Alain 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionAn innovative application of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to characterize the phytochemical composition of extracts of different parts of Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium Engl. is described.ObjectiveCharacterize the phytochemical composition of extracts of different parts of plants by electrochemical methodologies.MethodsThe voltammetry of microparticles methodology was applied to alcoholic extracts from leaves, seeds, fruits, roots and stem bark of Zanthoxylum chiloperone.ResultsIn contact with aqueous phosphate buffer, characteristic cathodic signals of its main natural products (canthin‐6‐one, 5‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one and trans‐avicennol) were recorded. The study of the voltammograns allows the estimation of the relative amounts of canthin‐6‐one, 5‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one and trans‐avicennol from the different parts of Zanthoxylum chiloperone.ConclusionThe voltammetric responses of alcoholic extracts from different parts of Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium allows their phytochemical characterization without need of sample pretreatment thus illustrating the capabilities of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to increase the tools applied to phytochemical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Historical Writing Apprenticeship for Adolescents: Integrating Disciplinary Learning With Cognitive Strategies
Authors: De La Paz Susan , Monte‐Sano Chauncey , Felton Mark , Croninger Robert , Jackson Cara , Piantedosi Kelly Worland 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study explored the extent to which an 18‐day history and writing curriculum intervention, taught over the course of one year, helped culturally and academically diverse adolescents achieve important disciplinary literacy learning in history. Teachers used a cognitive apprenticeship form of instruction for the integration of historical reading and writing strategies and content learning with the goal of improving students' historical argument writing. The intervention had positive and significant results for each writing outcome. After controlling for variables associated with students' incoming abilities, the researchers found moderate to large effects for all participants. Relative to basic readers in the control condition, those participating in the intervention scored higher in historical writing and writing quality and wrote longer essays; these results translate into effect sizes of .45 on basic readers' historical writing, .32 on their overall writing quality, and .60 on the length of their papers. Teachers implemented the reading and writing curriculum intervention with high levels of implementation fidelity, leading the researchers to explore additional factors that contributed to students' success after accounting for teacher effectiveness. The results indicate further benefits dependent on the degree to which students completed the curriculum.
Analytical evaluation of downlink interference mitigation in multi‐macrocell/femtocell networks with frequency & cell partitioning
Authors: Chen Da , Jiang Tao , Li Haibo , Song Guochao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an interference mitigation method to suppress the downlink interference in multi‐macrocell/femtocell networks, and analytically evaluate the interference mitigation and average rate performances. Specifically, the proposed interference mitigation method consists of three steps: frequency partitioning, cell partitioning, and sub‐band allocation. In the frequency partitioning step, the whole downlink frequency band is divided into nine non‐overlapping sub‐bands. In the cell partitioning step, each macrocell is divided into four macrocell regions and three femtocell regions for macrocells' and femtocells' communications, respectively. In the sub‐band allocation step, each macrocell or femtocell region is allocated a sub‐band to guarantee that any two neighboring macrocell/femtocell regions use different sub‐bands. Conducted simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in mitigating the downlink interference and improving the average downlink per‐channel rate in multi‐macrocell/femtocell networks. In summary, the major contribution of the proposed interference mitigation method is that the downlink interference can be mitigated without cooperation between macrocells and femtocells, while the full frequency utilization of the macrocell is achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consolidated ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers at elevated temperature by Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered with inulinase expression through cell surface display
Authors: Khatun M Mahfuza , Liu Chen-Guang , Zhao Xin-Qing , Yuan Wen-Jie , Bai Feng-Wu 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was performed at elevated temperatures by the consolidated bioprocessing strategy using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MK01 expressing inulinase through cell surface display. No significant difference was observed in yeast growth when temperature was controlled at 38 and 40 °C, respectively, but inulinase activity with yeast cells was substantially enhanced at 40 °C. As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin was facilitated and ethanol production was improved with 89.3 g/L ethanol produced within 72 h from 198.2 g/L total inulin sugars consumed. Similar results were also observed in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers with 85.2 g/L ethanol produced within 72 h from 185.7 g/L total sugars consumed. On the other hand, capital investment on cooling facilities and energy consumption for running the facilities would be saved, since regular cooling water instead of chill water could be used to cool down the fermentation system.
Depressed adolescents' positive and negative use of social media
Authors: Radovic Ana , Gmelin Theresa , Stein Bradley D. , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study examined descriptions of social media use among 23 adolescents (18 female, 5 male) who were diagnosed with depression to explore how social media use may influence and be influenced by psychological distress. Adolescents described both positive and negative use of social media. Positive use included searching for positive content (i.e. for entertainment, humor, content creation) or for social connection. Negative use included sharing risky behaviors, cyberbullying, and for making self‐denigrating comparisons with others. Adolescents described three types of use in further detail including “oversharing” (sharing updates at a high frequency or too much personal information), “stressed posting” (sharing negative updates with a social network), and encountering “triggering posts.” In the context of treatment, these adolescents shifted their social media use patterns from what they perceived as negative to more positive use. Implications for clinicians counseling depressed adolescents on social media use are discussed.
Critical review of the Appropriate Use Criteria for amyloid imaging: Effect on diagnosis and patient care
Authors: Apostolova Liana G. , Haider Janelle M. , Goukasian Naira , Rabinovici Gil D. , Chételat Gael , Ringman John M. , Kremen Sarah , Grill Joshua D. , Restrepo Lucas , Mendez Mario F. , Silverman Daniel H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe utility of the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for amyloid imaging is not established.MethodsFifty‐three cognitively impaired patients with clinical F18‐florbetapir imaging were classified as early and late onset, as well as AUC‐consistent or AUC‐inconsistent. Chi‐square statistics and t test were used to compare demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes as appropriate.ResultsEarly‐onset patients were more likely to be amyloid positive. Change in diagnosis was more frequent in late‐onset cases. Change in therapy was more common in early‐onset cases. AUC‐consistent and AUC‐inconsistent cases had comparable rates of amyloid positivity. We saw no difference in the rate of treatment changes in the AUC‐consistent group as opposed to the AUC‐inconsistent group.DiscussionThe primary role of amyloid imaging in the early‐onset group was to confirm the clinically suspected etiology, and in the late‐onset group in detecting amyloid‐negative cases. The rate of therapeutic changes was significantly greater in the early‐onset cases.
Imaging markers of cerebrovascular pathologies: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and risk factors
Authors: Raman Mekala R. , Kantarci Kejal , Murray Melissa E. , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCerebrovascular pathologies (CVPs) are common pathologies associated with age‐related cognitive decline along with Alzheimer disease pathologies. The impact of CVP on the prevalence of dementia is increasingly being recognized. The goal of this review is to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings and the multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography imaging changes that are associated with the hallmarks of CVP. This knowledge will facilitate the development of early detection, intervention, and prevention strategies that may contribute to lowering the risk of dementia. In this review, we will first discuss currently known risk factors of CVPs including cardiovascular, lifestyle, genetic, sex differences, and head injury. Next, we will focus on the pathophysiology of CVPs and their impact on neurodegeneration and downstream cognitive impairment. Specifically, we will discuss three of the most common cerebrovascular lesions seen on MRI: white‐matter hyperintensity, microbleeds, and infarcts. Finally, we will discuss the unanswered open questions in this field.
Dimensional and discrete variations on the psychosis continuum in a Dutch crowd-sourcing population sample
Authors: Wigman J.T.W. , Wardenaar K.J. , Wanders R.B.K. , Booij S.H. , Jeronimus B.F. , van der Krieke L. , Wichers M. , de Jonge P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundMild psychotic experiences are common in the general population. Although transient and benign in most cases, these experiences are predictive of later mental health problems for a significant minority. The goal of the present study was to perform examinations of the dimensional and discrete variations in individuals’ reporting of subclinical positive and negative psychotic experiences in a unique Dutch internet-based sample from the general population.MethodsPositive and negative subclinical psychotic experiences were measured with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in 2870 individuals. First, the prevalence of these experiences and their associations with demographics, affect, psychopathology and quality of life were investigated. Next, latent class analysis was used to identify data-driven subgroups with different symptom patterns, which were subsequently compared on aforementioned variables.ResultsSubclinical psychotic experiences were commonly reported. Both positive and negative psychotic experiences were associated with younger age, more negative affect, anxiety and depression as well as less positive affect and poorer quality of life. Seven latent classes (‘Low psychotic experiences’, ‘Lethargic’, ‘Blunted’, ‘Distressed’, ‘Paranormal’, ‘Distressed_grandiose’ and ‘Distressed/positive psychotic experiences’) were identified that demonstrated both dimensional differences in the number/severity of psychotic experiences and discrete differences in the patterns of reported experiences.ConclusionSubclinical psychotic experiences show both dimensional severity variations and discrete symptom-pattern variations across individuals. To understand and capture all interindividual variations in subclinical psychotic experiences, their number, nature and context (co-occurrence patterns) should be considered at the same time. Only some psychotic experiences may lay on a true psychopathological psychosis continuum.
Plant Proteins are Smaller Because They are Encoded by Fewer Exons than Animal Proteins
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez Obed , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Delaye Luis , Tiessen Axel 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Protein size is an important biochemical feature since longer proteins can harbor more domains and therefore can display more biological functionalities than shorter proteins. We found remarkable differences in protein length, exon structure, and domain count among different phylogenetic lineages. While eukaryotic proteins have an average size of 472 amino acid residues (aa), average protein sizes in plant genomes are smaller than those of animals and fungi. Proteins unique to plants are ∼81 aa shorter than plant proteins conserved among other eukaryotic lineages. The smaller average size of plant proteins could neither be explained by endosymbiosis nor subcellular compartmentation nor exon size, but rather due to exon number. Metazoan proteins are encoded on average by ∼10 exons of small size [∼176 nucleotides (nt)]. Streptophyta have on average only ∼5.7 exons of medium size (∼230 nt). Multicellular species code for large proteins by increasing the exon number, while most unicellular organisms employ rather larger exons (&gt;400 nt). Among subcellular compartments, membrane proteins are the largest (∼520 aa), whereas the smallest proteins correspond to the gene ontology group of ribosome (∼240 aa). Plant genes are encoded by half the number of exons and also contain fewer domains than animal proteins on average. Interestingly, endosymbiotic proteins that migrated to the plant nucleus became larger than their cyanobacterial orthologs. We thus conclude that plants have proteins larger than bacteria but smaller than animals or fungi. Compared to the average of eukaryotic species, plants have ∼34% more but ∼20% smaller proteins. This suggests that photosynthetic organisms are unique and deserve therefore special attention with regard to the evolutionary forces acting on their genomes and proteomes.
Understanding the Impact of Interventions to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistant Infections in the Long-Term Care Facility: A Review and Practical Guide to Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Rosello Alicia , Horner Carolyne , Hopkins Susan , Hayward Andrew C. , Deeny Sarah R. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES(1) To systematically search for all dynamic mathematical models of infectious disease transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs); (2) to critically evaluate models of interventions against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this setting; and (3) to develop a checklist for hospital epidemiologists and policy makers by which to distinguish good quality models of AMR in LTCFs.METHODSThe CINAHL, EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies of dynamic mathematical models set in LTCFs. Models of interventions targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in LTCFs were critically assessed. Using this analysis, we developed a checklist for good quality mathematical models of AMR in LTCFs.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONOverall, 18 papers described mathematical models that characterized the spread of infectious diseases in LTCFs, but no models of AMR in gram-negative bacteria in this setting were described. Future models of AMR in LTCFs require a more robust methodology (ie, formal model fitting to data and validation), greater transparency regarding model assumptions, setting-specific data, realistic and current setting-specific parameters, and inclusion of movement dynamics between LTCFs and hospitals.CONCLUSIONSMathematical models of AMR in gram-negative bacteria in the LTCF setting, where these bacteria are increasingly becoming prevalent, are needed to help guide infection prevention and control. Improvements are required to develop outputs of sufficient quality to help guide interventions and policy in the future. We suggest a checklist of criteria to be used as a practical guide to determine whether a model is robust enough to test policy.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:216–225
Assessment of an Aggregate-Level Hand Hygiene Monitoring Technology for Measuring Hand Hygiene Performance Among Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Limper Heather M. , Slawsky Lynn , Garcia-Houchins Sylvia , Mehta Supriya , Hershow Ronald C. , Landon Emily 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDDespite significant advances in technological methods for hand hygiene surveillance, a lack of evidence prohibits comparison of systems to one another or against the current gold standard of direct observation.OBJECTIVETo validate a hand hygiene monitoring technology (HHMT) designed to capture hand hygiene behaviors aggregated at the hospital-unit level (GOJO Industries, Akron, OH).METHODSOur team followed a rigorous validation approach to assess the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of an HHMT. A planned path was first used to measure the accuracy of the system when purposefully activated by investigators. Next, behavioral validation was used to quantify accuracy of the system in capturing real-world behaviors.RESULTSDuring the planned path phase, investigators performed 4,872 unique events across 3 distinct hospital buildings varying in size and age since construction. Overall sensitivity across the medical center was 88.7% with a PPV of 99.2%. During the behavioral validation phase, trained direct observers recorded 5,539 unique events across 3 distinct hospital buildings. Overall sensitivity across the medical center was 92.7% and PPV was 84.4%.CONCLUSIONObjective measures of sensitivity and PPV indicate the promise of the benefit of this and other HHMTs to capture basic behaviors associated with hand hygiene.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:348–352