bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric lymph nodes contribute to proinflammatory Th17‐cell generation during inflammation of the small intestine in mice
Authors: Kawabe Takeshi , Suzuki Nobu , Yamaki Satoshi , Sun Shu‐lan , Asao Atsuko , Okuyama Yuko , So Takanori , Iwakura Yoichiro , Ishii Naoto 
Published: February 2016

T cells of the small intestine, including Th17 cells, are critically involved in host protection from microbial infection, and also contribute to the pathogenesis of small bowel inflammatory disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) play important roles in gut‐tropic T‐cell generation, although it is still unclear if MLNs are involved in the pathogenesis of small intestine inflammation. To address this issue, we analyzed the roles of both MLNs and Peyer's patches (PPs) by evaluating MLN‐ or PP‐deficient mice in an experimental model of small intestine inflammation, induced by CD3‐specific mAb injection. Interestingly, MLNs, but not PPs, were essential for the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, in particular the accumulation and infiltration of CD4+ T‐cell populations, including Th17 cells, from the blood. In addition, CD4+ T‐cell accumulation was dependent on the function of the α4β7 integrin. Furthermore, MLN removal led to a significantly reduced number of peripheral α4β7+ CD4+ effector memory T cells under normal conditions, suggesting that MLNs may play a role in maintaining the number of gut‐tropic CD4+ effector memory T cells circulating in the blood. Taken together, the present study highlights the important role of MLNs in contributing to the pathogenesis of small intestine inflammation.
Manganese–Salicyloximate Clusters Starting from [MnII(hfacac)2]: From Mn4 to Mn12
Authors: Escuer Albert , Cordero Beatriz , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Teat Simon J. , Roubeau Olivier 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe systematic exploration of the reactivity of [Mn(hfacac)2] with R‐salicyloximes (R‐saloxH2: R = H, Me, Et) yielded a family of clusters with nuclearities ranging from Mn4 to Mn12. The compounds with formula [Mn6(O)2(salox)6(CF3COO)2(EtOH)4] (1) and [Mn12(salox)12(O)4(N3)4(H2O)2(MeOH)6] (4) show two or four linked {Mn(µ3‐O)(salox)3}+ triangular subunits. Magnetic measurements revealed spin ground states of S = 4 for 1 and S = 8 for 4, as well as single‐molecule magnet responses and magnetic hysteresis above 2 K. The cubic [Mn4(Mesalox)4(MesaloxH)4] (2), the hexanuclear [Mn6(Etsalox)6(O)2(MeO)4(MeOH)2] (3) and the octanuclear [Mn8(Mesalox)6(O)2(N3)6(MeOH)8] (5) are polymorphs of previously reported systems. Small structural changes allows an S = 11 ground state for 3.
Tridentate Lewis Acids: Boron‐, Silicon‐ and Gallium‐Functionalised Tris(dimethylsilyl)methanes
Authors: Weisheim Eugen , Schwartzen Anna , Kuhlmann Lisa , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFlexible tridentate Lewis acids based on new trisilylmethane scaffolds with three ethynyl groups {Me3SiC[Si(Me)2C≡C–H]3} and three vinyl groups {Me3SiC[Si(Me)2CH=CH2]3}, respectively, have been synthesised and functionalised by metallation with gallium organyls to yield Me3SiC[Si(Me)2C≡C–GaR2]3 (R = Me, Et). Hydrometallation of the trisilylmethane frameworks with HB(C6F5)2 and various chlorosilanes afforded flexible poly‐Lewis acids equipped with B(C6F5)2, SiCl3, SiMeCl2 and SiMe2Cl substituents. The reaction of these silicon‐containing tridentate Lewis acids with SbF3 led to fluorine‐substituted poly‐Lewis acids of the type Me3SiC[Si(Me)2CH2CH2SiMe3–nFn]3 (n = 1–3). All the compounds were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analyses and some by X‐ray diffraction.
Long‐Lived, Emissive Excited States in Direct and Amide‐Linked Thienyl‐Substituted RuII Complexes
Authors: Majewski Marek B. , Smith Jeremy G. , Wolf Michael O. , Patrick Brian O. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe excited state behavior of a new series of homoleptic and heteroleptic RuII complexes bearing thienyl groups appended to a 2,2′‐bipyridine chelating ligand via direct, secondary and tertiary amide linkages is examined. The results of nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, emission lifetime measurements and bimolecular quenching experiments are correlated to determine that although the amide linkage does not act as a conjugated bridge to the peripheral substituents, it does not preclude possible electron transfer processes. Complexes bearing directly bound thienyl and bithienyl substituents exhibit long excited state and emission lifetimes (τem = 2 and 15 µs), with high emission quantum yields in solution (Φ = 0.35) and slow rates of non‐radiative decay.
Ruthenium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Strain‐Driven Cleavage and Reconstruction of the C–C Bond
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of new functional organic molecules that cannot be obtained by a simple combination of conventional synthetic methods is a challenging subject in organic, organometallic, and industrial chemistry as well as in atom‐efficient and environmental organic synthesis. Among the various possibilities that have been considered, the catalytic cleavage and reconstruction of the C–C bond has opened the door to a new branch of synthetic organic chemistry. This microreview summarizes progress on the ruthenium‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed strain‐driven cleavage of the C–C bond, the methods of which were mostly developed by the author. The direct oxidative addition of 2,5‐norbornadienes, cyclopropenones, cyclobutenones, and cyclobutenediones, and to catalytically active metal species followed by the construction of the C–C bond has been used for the preparation of new organic molecules.
Regioselective Chlorination of Quinoline N‐Oxides and Isoquinoline N‐Oxides Using PPh3/Cl3CCN
Authors: Qiao Kai , Wan Li , Sun Xiaoning , Zhang Kai , Zhu Ning , Li Xin , Guo Kai 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel method for the regioselective C2‐chlorination of heterocyclic N‐oxides has been developed. PPh3/Cl3CCN were used as chlorinating reagents and the desired N‐heterocyclic chlorides were obtained smoothly in satisfactory yields. The reactions proceeded in a highly efficient and selective manner across a broad range of substrates demonstrating excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, this chlorination reaction can be used for the modification of N‐heterocyclic scaffolds of appealing ligands and pharmaceuticals.
Assessing atmospheric concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls by evergreen Rhododendron maximum next to a contaminated stream
Authors: Dang Viet D. , Walters David M. , Lee Cindy M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Conifers are often used as an air passive sampler, but few studies have focused on the implication of broadleaf evergreens to monitor atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In the present study, the authors used Rhododendron maximum (rhododendron) growing next to a contaminated stream to assess atmospheric PCB concentrations. The present study area was located in a rural setting and approximately 2 km downstream of a former capacitor plant. Leaves from the same mature shrubs were collected in late fall 2010 and winter and spring 2011. Polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in the collected leaves, suggesting that rhododendron can be used as air passive samplers in rural areas where active sampling is impractical. Estimated ΣPCB (47 congeners) concentrations in the atmosphere decreased from fall 2010 to spring 2011 with concentration means at 3990 pg m−3, 2850 pg m−3, and 931 pg m−3 in fall 2010, winter 2011, and spring 2011, respectively. These results indicate that the atmospheric concentrations at this location continue to be high despite termination of active discharge from the former industrial source. Leaves had a consistent pattern of high concentrations of tetra-CBs and penta-CBs similar to the congener distribution in polyethylene passive samplers deployed in the water column, suggesting that volatilized PCBs from the stream were the primary source of contaminants in rhododendron leaves. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2192–2198. © 2016 SETAC
Telecommunication integration in e‐healthcare: technologies, applications and challenges
Authors: Majedi Nick , Naeem Muhammad , Anpalagan Alagan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe technological advancements in sensing, signal processing, computing and communication have had great influence in different aspect of our lives. One of the fields that benefit from these technologies is health care. Trustworthiness of sensors, electronic devices, networks and wireless communications have matured enough to replace traditional legacy systems. However, there remains unexplored aspects of e‐healthcare especially considering the challenges in service provisioning, integration and resource optimization. Pervasive and continuous health monitoring is an important service, and it specifically provides the elderly and chronically ill patients with continuous and seamless health monitoring, benefiting both of them and the caretakers. In this survey article, we review and discuss different elements of e‐healthcare, introduce wireless transmission technologies that are used in e‐healthcare, present the quality of service (QoS) requirements and discuss the potential challenges as in security and privacy of data, power allocation, scheduling, meeting the QoS needs and confronting the electromagnetic interference. Some of the future research directions in healthcare areas are also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversification and use of bioenergy to maintain future grasslands
Authors: Donnison Iain S. , Fraser Mariecia D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGrassland agriculture is experiencing a number of threats including declining profitability and loss of area to other land uses including expansion of the built environment as well as from cropland and forestry. The use of grassland as a natural resource either in terms of existing vegetation and land cover or planting of new species for bioenergy and other nonfood applications presents an opportunity, and potential solution, to maintain the broader ecosystem services that perennial grasslands provide as well as to improve the options for grassland farmers and their communities. This paper brings together different grass or grassland‐based studies and considers them as part of a continuum of strategies that, when also combined with improvements in grassland production systems, will improve the overall efficiency of grasslands as an important natural resource and enable a greater area to be managed, replanted or conserved. These diversification options relate to those most likely to be available to farmers and land owners in the marginally economic or uneconomic grasslands of middle to northern Europe and specifically in the UK. Grasslands represent the predominant global land use and so these strategies are likely to be relevant to other areas although the grass species used may vary. The options covered include the use of biomass derived from the management of grasses in the urban and semi urban environment, semi‐natural grassland systems as part of ecosystem management, pasture in addition to livestock production, and the planting and cropping of dedicated energy grasses. The adoption of such approaches would not only increase income from economically marginal grasslands, but would also mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production and help fund conservation of these valuable grassland ecosystems and landscapes, which is increasingly becoming a challenge.
The velocity structure of a fossil spreading centre in the Southwest Sub‐basin, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Jiabiao , Ruan Aiguo , Wu Zhenli , Yu Zhiteng , Niu Xiongwei , Ding Weiwei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present results from an ocean bottom seismometer experiment surveying the fossil spreading centre in the Southwest Sub‐basin of the South China Sea. The detailed velocity model shows that oceanic layer 2 exhibits across‐axis variations in thickness and velocity, whereas oceanic layer 3 displays a variation in crustal thickness. A low‐angle (24°) SE‐dipping oceanic detachment fault is proposed to explain the anomalous structure on the NW side of the spreading centre, which exhibits uplifting of the upper mantle beneath a thinned oceanic crust. The inferred oceanic detachment fault was at its initial stage, localized within the basaltic crust and did not exhume lower crust. We suggest that the low‐velocity (7.6–7.9 km/s) body located within the upper mantle beneath the footwall of the detachment fault is caused by both mantle serpentinization and partial melting. The difference in crustal thickness in the Southwest Sub‐basin indicates that the magma supply varied in time and space during or even after the seafloor spreading. Compared with other fossil spreading ridges, the fossil spreading centre of the northeast Southwest Sub‐basin studied here represents a third type of fossil spreading ridge, characterized by a reduced melt supply at the waning stage of spreading and a strong post‐spreading magmatism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between multidisciplinary team care approach and survival rates in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liao Chun‐Ta , Kang Chung‐Jan , Lee Li‐Yu , Hsueh Chuen , Lin Chien‐Yu , Fan Kang‐Hsing , Wang Hung‐Ming , Ng Shu‐Hang , Lin Chih‐Hung , Tsao Chung‐Kan , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Chang Kai‐Ping , Chang Ya‐Lan , Yang Lan Yan , Yen Tzu‐Chen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether multidisciplinary team care (MDTC) is associated with outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsWe retrospectively examined 1616 patients with oral cavity SCC who underwent radical surgery between 1996 and 2011. The study participants were classified into 2 subgroups according to the use of MDTC.ResultsFive‐year outcomes were significantly better in the MDTC group than in the no‐MDTC group (neck control, 88% vs 84%, p = .0397; disease‐specific survival [DSS], 83% vs 78%, p = .0114; and overall survival [OS], 70% vs 64%, p = .0002, respectively). Among patients who were scheduled to undergo adjuvant therapy, the number who completed their adjuvant treatment was significantly higher in the MDTC group than in the no‐MDTC group (90% vs 60% to 70%, p < .001).ConclusionThe association of MDTC with improved outcomes may be potentially explained by a better therapeutic alliance between the patient and the tumor board, and/or a greater thoroughness in clinical management. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1544–E1553, 2016
Backward snow depth reconstruction at high spatial resolution based on time‐lapse photography
Authors: Revuelto Jesús , Jonas Tobias , López‐Moreno Juan‐Ignacio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report a methodology for reconstructing the daily snow depth distribution at high spatial resolution in a small Pyrenean catchment using time‐lapse photographs and snow depletion rates derived from an on‐site measuring meteorological station. The results were compared with the observed snow depth distribution, determined on a number of separate occasions using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The time‐lapse photographs were projected onto a digital elevation model of the study site, and converted into snow presence/absence information. The melt‐out date (MOD; first occurrence of melt out after peak snow accumulation) was obtained from the projected photograph series. Commencing the backward reconstruction for each grid cell at the MOD, the method uses simulated snow depth depletion rates using a temperature index approach, which are extrapolated to the grid cells of the domain to arrive at the snow distribution of the previous day. Two variants of the reconstruction techniques were applied (1) using a spatially constant degree day factor (DDF) for calculating the daily expected snow depth depletion rate, and (2) allowing a spatially distributed DDF calculated from two consecutive TLS acquisitions compared to the snow depth depletion rate observed at the meteorological station. Validation revealed that both methods performed well (average R2 = 0.68; standard RMSE = 0.58), with better results obtained from the spatially distributed approach. Nevertheless, the spatially corrected DDF reconstruction, which requires TLS data, suggests that the constant DDF approach is an efficient, and for most applications sufficiently accurate and easily reproducible method. The results highlight the usefulness of time‐lapse photography for not only determining the snow covered area, but also for estimating the spatial distribution of snow depth. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An open framework for automated chemical hazard assessment based on GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals: A proof of concept
Authors: Wehage Kristopher , Chenhansa Panan , Schoenung Julie M 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals is a framework for comparative chemical hazard assessment. It is the first transparent, open and publicly accessible framework of its kind, allowing manufacturers and governmental agencies to make informed decisions about the chemicals and substances used in consumer products and buildings. In the GreenScreen® benchmarking process, chemical hazards are assessed and classified based on 18 hazard endpoints from up to 30 different sources. The result is a simple numerical benchmark score and accompanying assessment report that allows users to flag chemicals of concern and identify safer alternatives. Although the screening process is straightforward, aggregating and sorting hazard data is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human error. In light of these challenges, the present work demonstrates the usage of automation to cull chemical hazard data from publicly available internet resources, assign metadata, and perform a GreenScreen® hazard assessment using the GreenScreen® “List Translator.” The automated technique, written as a module in the Python programming language, generates GreenScreen® List Translation data for over 3000 chemicals in approximately 30 s. Discussion of the potential benefits and limitations of automated techniques is provided. By embedding the library into a web-based graphical user interface, the extensibility of the library is demonstrated. The accompanying source code is made available to the hazard assessment community. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:167–176. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
The present work demonstrates the use of computer automation to perform chemical hazard alternatives assessments. Over 3000 chemicals were translated using the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals List Translator in less than 30 s. The source code is publicly available as a Python module.
The Risk Premium, Interest Rate Determination, and Monetary Independence Under a Fixed, but Adjustable, Exchange Rate
Authors: Pasula Kit 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examines interest rate determination and monetary independence in a small economy with a fixed exchange rate. The risk premium is determined endogenously in the stochastic, general‐equilibrium model. The sign of the risk premium and the magnitude of the interest rate depend on the specification of the policy rule for the future exchange rate. Increases in domestic credit can decrease, increase or have no effect on the interest rate. The offset coefficient can differ from −1 (the ‘trilemma’ may not hold), but numerical calculations indicate that the offset is close to −1. Under certain conditions, empirical analyses overestimate monetary independence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
n‐butylparaben induces male reproductive disorders via regulation of estradiol and estrogen receptors
Authors: Zhang Linyuan , Ding Sijin , Qiao Peihuan , Dong Li , Yu Miao , Wang Chong , Zhang Ming , Zhang Lixia , Li Yimin , Tang Ning , Chang Bing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is well known that inappropriate exposure to exogenous hormones during fetal or neonatal life, such as testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), leads to adverse reproductive outcomes. In our previous study, the reproductive dysfunction of male rats was characterized by an E2 increase and T decrease after in utero and lactation exposures to n‐butylparaben (n‐BP). In this study, we investigated the synthesis and metabolism pathways of steroid hormones, hormone receptors and the epigenetic modification of male offspring on postnatal day (PND) 21 and PND90 to explore the possible mechanisms of endocrine and reproductive disorders. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome cholesterol side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) and androgen receptor (AR) in the testes was significantly decreased at the transcript and protein levels; in addition, aromatase (CYP19) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression was significantly increased and the methylation rate of the ERα promoter was significantly decreased. These results suggest that increased CYP19 expression and decreased SULT1E1 expression are responsible for the E2 increase. This effect promotes the expression of ERα, which plays a pivotal role in regulating reproductive and endocrine disorders of male rats exposed to n‐BP. Furthermore, the epigenetic hypomethylation of ERα is involved in this regulation processes. Our study is the first to report on the possible mechanism of male rat reproductive disorders induced by the xenoestrogenic chemical n‐BP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper toxicology, oxidative stress and inflammation using zebrafish as experimental model
Authors: Pereira Talita Carneiro Brandão , Campos Maria Martha , Bogo Maurício Reis 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCopper is an essential micronutrient and a key catalytic cofactor in a wide range of enzymes. As a trace element, copper levels are tightly regulated and both its deficit and excess are deleterious to the organism. Under inflammatory conditions, serum copper levels are increased and trigger oxidative stress responses that activate inflammatory responses. Interestingly, copper dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly present in several chronic diseases. Copper exposure can be easily modeled in zebrafish; a consolidated model in toxicology with increasing interest in immunity‐related research. As a result of developmental, economical and genetic advantages, this freshwater teleost is uniquely suitable for chemical and genetic large‐scale screenings, representing a powerful experimental tool for a whole‐organism approach, mechanistic studies, disease modeling and beyond. Copper toxicological and more recently pro‐inflammatory effects have been investigated in both larval and adult zebrafish with breakthrough findings. Here, we provide an overview of copper metabolism in health and disease and its effects on oxidative stress and inflammation responses in zebrafish models. Copper‐induced inflammation is highlighted owing to its potential to easily mimic pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory features that combined with zebrafish genetic tractability could help further in the understanding of copper metabolism, inflammatory responses and related diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.