bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“What matters to someone who matters to me”: using media campaigns with young people to prevent interpersonal violence and abuse
Authors: Stanley Nicky , Ellis Jane , Farrelly Nicola , Hollinghurst Sandra , Bailey Sue , Downe Soo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhile media campaigns are increasingly advocated as a strategy for preventing interpersonal violence and abuse, there is little evidence available regarding their effectiveness.Setting and designConsultation with experts and young people was used as part of a UK scoping review to capture current thinking and practice on the use of media campaigns to address interpersonal violence and abuse among young people. Three focus groups and 16 interviews were undertaken with UK and international experts, and three focus groups were held with young people.Main resultsParticipants argued that, although campaigns initially needed to target whole populations of young people, subsequently, messages should be “granulated” for subgroups including young people already exposed to interpersonal violence and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender young people. It was suggested that boys, as the most likely perpetrators of interpersonal violence and abuse, should be the primary target for campaigns. Young people and experts emphasized that drama and narrative could be used to evoke an emotional response that assisted learning. Authenticity emerged as important for young people and could be achieved by delivering messages through familiar characters and relevant stories. Involving young people themselves in creating and delivering campaigns strengthened authenticity.ConclusionsPractice is developing rapidly, and robust research is required to identify the key conditions for effective campaigns in this field. The emotional impact of campaigns in this field appears to be as important as the transmission of learning.
The role of high termitaria in the composition and structure of the termite assemblage in Miombo woodlands of southern Burundi
Authors: Nduwarugira Déogratias , Mpawenayo Balthazar , Roisin Yves 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Miombo woodlands cover extensive areas in southern and southeastern Africa, but are under high anthropogenic pressure. A conspicuous feature of this ecosystem is the presence of high termitaria (>2 m high) built by fungus‐growing termites (Macrotermitinae).

Despite the fundamental role of termites in African ecosystems, miombo termite communities remain poorly known. We suspected high termitaria to play a structuring role for the whole termite assemblage of miombo woodlands in southern Burundi. In a formerly cleared area, in regeneration since 2009, we expected the termite assemblage to be highly impoverished. The newly growing termitaria of fungus growers might provide suitable bases for recolonisation by soil‐feeding species.

We recorded 25 species from more than 1000 termite samples. Fungus growers were abundant everywhere. In preserved miombo, high termitaria were home to secondary soil‐feeding termite species, seldom encountered in the matrix between mounds. Bushes growing on termitaria also sustained wood‐feeding species. The most remarkable feature of the assemblage was the high frequency and diversity of soil‐feeding soldierless Apicotermitinae, especially in the matrix. Besides scarce Coptotermes wood feeders, Macrotermitinae were the sole inhabitants of the regenerating area.

Our results emphasize the importance of high termitaria for particular soil‐feeding species and wood feeders associated with the vegetation growing on termitaria. They raise the question of the ecological factors allowing the coexistence of a rich assemblage of soldierless Apicotermitinae species in the nutrient‐poor matrix between mounds. The observations from regenerating miombo confirm the vulnerability of soil‐feeding termites to habitat degradation and provide baseline data for future studies of ecosystem restoration.
Does foreign media entry discipline or provoke local media bias?
Authors: Cheah Hon Foong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper studies how the entry of an imperfectly informed foreign media outlet removes the government's role as the sole provider of information, altering its reporting to maximize citizen support. We find that while foreign media entry typically lowers local media bias, it can also exacerbate bias in countries with an incompetent government. The resulting deterioration in local media quality can outweigh the additional information from a foreign media of moderate quality, leaving citizens worse off. When analyzing a government's decision to suppress foreign media, we find that suppression is most heavily used in countries with a moderately competent government.
Comparative statics under κ‐ambiguity for log‐Brownian asset prices
Authors: Tian Dejian , Tian Weidong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the comparative statics of optimal risky demand when economic agents are both risk averse and ambiguity averse. In a setting with log‐Brownian asset prices and ‐ambiguity but virtually for all utility functions, we show that the greater the Arrow–Pratt coefficient of absolute risk aversion under ambiguity, the less the optimal demand for risky assets. This monotonic property is demonstrated with varying risk‐free interest rate and allows for distinct estimated model parameters across agents.
Monotonicity implications for the ranking of rules for airport problems
Authors: Calvo Miguel Ángel Mirás , Sandomingo Carmen Quinteiro , Rodríguez Estela Sánchez 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe airport problem is a classic cost allocation problem that has been widely studied. Several rules have been proposed to divide the total cost among the agents, attending to the characteristics of the problem or via game theory. The axiomatic approach provides a way to choose among rules. Our main goal is to provide some tools to evaluate how rules differentially treat larger airlines as compared to smaller airlines. We use the Lorenz and no‐subsidy orderings to compare rules. We introduce some monotonicity and boundedness properties that imply a specific ranking with respect to the nucleolus and the Shapley value.
Functionality of inulin and polydextrose as sucrose replacers in sugar‐free dark chocolate manufacture – effect of fat content and bulk mixture concentration on rheological, mechanical and melting properties
Authors: Aidoo Roger Philip , Appah Emelia , Van Dewalle Davy , Afoakwa Emmanuel Ohene , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInulin and polydextrose are key bulk sugar replacers and have been utilised extensively as functional ingredients due to their fibre and prebiotic claims. This study investigated effects of fat content and bulk mixture concentrations of inulin and polydextrose on rheological properties, mechanical and melting characteristics of sugar‐free dark chocolates sweetened with steviol glycosides. Sucrose was replaced with polydextrose and inulin (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) at different fat contents (27%, 30% and 33%). Reducing fat content from 33% to 27% had similar effects on the sugar‐free dark chocolates as it did on reference chocolate. Increasing inulin concentrations with simultaneous reduction in polydextrose resulted in consistent increases in Casson plastic viscosity and decreases in Casson yield stress regardless of the fat content. These were explained by microstructural examination of the sugar replacers, which revealed wide variations in network structure. Understanding these factors would help reduce energy load from fat in sugar‐free chocolate confectionery.
Temperature alters the structure of membrane lipids and pulsed electric field (PEF) resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Yun Ou , Zeng Xin‐An , Brennan Charles S. , Zhi‐wei Liu 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe effect of culture temperature on the conformation of membrane lipid of Salmonella Typhimurium as well as their pulsed electric field (PEF) resistance was investigated. Results revealed that S. Typhimurium cells cultured at relatively lower temperature (10 and 25 °C) were more easily inactivated by PEF treatment than those cultured at relatively higher temperature (37 and 45 °C). Using a Weibull model, it was determined that the PEF treatment time to inactivate 90% S. Typhimurium cells cultured at 45 °C was almost fourfold compared to those cultured at 10 °C. Results of micro‐Raman spectroscopy indicated that as the culture temperature increased, the order degree of C–C and lateral packing order of membrane lipid chain also increased, resulting in a drop in the membrane fluidity. These results are important in considering the use of heat and PEF to inactivate microbe contaminants in food.
Further Enhancing Piezoelectric Properties by Adding MnO2 in AgSbO3‐Modified (Li,K,Na)(Nb,Ta)O3 Lead‐Free Piezoceramics
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhu Fang‐Yuan , Zhao Lei , Wang Ke , Li Longtu , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: November 2016

This work investigated the effect of MnO2 addition on the phase structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of AgSbO3‐modified (Li,K,Na)(Nb,Ta)O3 (abbreviated as LKNNT‐AS) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with an optimized composition endowed with a state of two‐phase coexistence. A small amount (0.1 wt%) of MnO2 can significantly further enhance the piezoelectric property of LKNNT‐AS ceramics, whose piezoelectric constant d33 and converse piezoelectric coefficient d33* as well as planar electromechanical coupling factor kp reach 363 pC/N, 543 pm/V, and 0.49, respectively. The temperature stability of piezoelectricity in MnO2‐modified LKNNT‐AS samples also improved, which is associated with the more uniform and better thermally stable ferroelectric domains that were revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy.
Methodological considerations related to nurse researchers using their own experience of a phenomenon within phenomenology
Authors: Johnston Colleen M. , Wallis Marianne , Oprescu Florin I. , Gray Marion 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsThis paper summarizes phenomenology and discusses how nurses can use their own experiences as data and maintain rigour within the method. It explores how data from researchers experiencing the phenomenon of interest could be used to explicate assumptions and pre‐understandings and may also be used as data.BackgroundWhile the ethnographic concept of insider research has gained popularity, the notion of researcher as participant in phenomenology is relatively new. The lived experience of a phenomenon is unique to each person and utilization of the nurse researcher's experiences of the phenomenon should be considered for inclusion as data.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesArticles from 2001 ‐ 2015 in the CINAHL and PubMed databases were identified using keywords such as ‘insider research’, ‘phenomenology’, ‘bracketing’ and ‘qualitative research’. In addition, reference lists from articles used were examined to identify additional literature.Implications for nursingPhenomenology is a valuable research method. Usability, credibility, trustworthiness and auditability of data collected must be considered to ensure rigour and maintain orientation to the phenomenon under investigation. Nurse researchers may be interviewed as participants if these four principles are considered and methods used are made explicit. Utilizing appropriate research methods are as important as getting clinical practice correct to advance knowledge and benefit those under our care.ConclusionWe recommend using the researchers’ experience as a data source to gain a complete picture of the phenomenon under investigation. Using the approach proposed here, nurses can ensure they are incorporating all data sources available while maintaining research rigour.
The moderating role of team resources in translating nursing teams’ accountability into learning and performance: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rashkovits Sarit , Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to test the moderated‐mediation model suggesting that nursing teams’ accountability affects team effectiveness by enhancing team learning when relevant resources are available to the team.BackgroundDisappointing evidence regarding improvement in nurses’ safe and quality care elevate the need in broadening our knowledge regarding the factors that enhance constant learning in nursing teams. Accountability is considered as crucial for team learning and quality of care but empirical findings have shown mixed evidence.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsForty‐four nursing teams participated in the study. Data were collected in 2013–2014: Head nurses completed validated questionnaires, regarding team resources for learning (time availability, team autonomy and team performance feedback), and nursing teams’ effectiveness; and nurses answered questionnaires regarding teams’ accountability and learning (answers were aggregated to the team level). The model was tested using a moderated‐mediation analysis with resources as moderating variables, and team learning as the mediator in the team accountability‐team effectiveness link.ResultsThe results of a mixed linear regression show that, as expected, nursing teams’ accountability was positively linked to nursing teams’ learning, when time availability, and team autonomy were high rather than low, and team performance feedback was low rather than high.ConclusionsNurturing team accountability is not enough for achieving team learning and subsequent team effectiveness. Rather there is a need to provide nursing teams with adequate time, autonomy, and be cautious with performance feedback, as the latter may motivate nurses to repeat routine work strategies rather than explore improved ones.
Antihypertensive adherence and outcomes among community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Federspiel Jerome J. , Sueta Carla A. , Kucharska‐Newton Anna M. , Beyhaghi Hadi , Zhou Lei , Virani Salim S. , Rodgers Jo E. , Chang Patricia P. , Stearns Sally C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesDespite proven benefits for reducing incidence of major cardiac events, antihypertensive drug therapy remains underutilized in the United States. This analysis assesses antihypertensive drug adherence, utilization predictors, and associations between adherence and outcomes (a composite of cardiovascular events, Medicare inpatient payments, and inpatient days).MethodsThe sample consisted of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort participants reporting hypertension without prevalent cardiovascular disease during 2006 to 2007 annual follow‐up calls. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities records were linked to Medicare claims through 2012. Antihypertensive medication adherence was measured as more than 80% proportion days covered by using Medicare Part D claims. Standard and hierarchical regression models were used to evaluate adjusted associations between person characteristics and adherence and between adherence and outcomes.ResultsAmong 1826 hypertensive participants with Part D coverage, 31.5% had no antihypertensive class with more than 80% proportion days covered in the 3 months preceding the report of hypertension in 2006 to 2007. After adjustment for confounders, positive predictors of use included female gender and diabetes; negative predictors were African‐American race and current smoking. Adjusted association between receiving no therapy and a composite endpoint of cardiovascular outcomes through 2012 was not statistically significant (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.72, 1.22) nor was the adjusted association with Medicare inpatient days or payments (incremental difference at 48 months in payments: $1217; 95% CI: −$2030, $4463).ConclusionsDespite having medical and prescription coverage, nearly a third of hypertensive participants were not adherent to antihypertensive drug therapy. Differences in clinical outcomes associated with nonadherence, though not statistically significant, were consistent with results from randomized trials. The approach provides a model framework for rigorous assessment of detailed data that are increasingly available through emerging sources.
Uncertainty Quantification in Life Cycle Assessments: Interindividual Variability and Sensitivity Analysis in LCA of Air‐Conditioning Systems
Authors: Ross Stephen A. , Cheah Lynette 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe life cycle environmental profile of energy‐consuming products, such as air conditioning, is dominated by the products’ use phase. Different user behavior patterns can therefore yield large differences in the results of a cradle‐to‐grave assessment. Although this variation and uncertainty is increasingly recognized, it remains often poorly characterized in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. Today, pervasive sensing presents the opportunity to collect rich data sets and improve profiling of use‐phase parameters, in turn facilitating quantification and reduction of this uncertainty in LCA. This study examined the case of energy use in building cooling systems, focusing on global warming potential (GWP) as the impact category. In Singapore, building cooling systems or air conditioning consumes up to 37% of national electricity demand. Lack of consideration of variation in use‐phase interaction leads to the oversized designs, wasted energy, and therefore reducible GWP. Using a high‐resolution data set derived from sensor observations, energy use and behavior patterns of single‐office occupants were characterized by probabilistic distributions. The interindividual variability and use‐phase variables were propagated in a stochastic model for the life cycle of air‐conditioning systems and simulated by way of Monte Carlo analysis. Analysis of the generated uncertainties identified plausible reductions in global warming impact through modifying user interaction. Designers concerned about the environmental profile of their products or systems need better representation of the underlying variability in use‐phase data to evaluate the impact. This study suggests that data can be reliably provided and incorporated into the life cycle by proliferation of pervasive sensing, which can only continue to benefit future LCA.
Atomic resolution imaging of beryl: an investigation of the nano‐channel occupation
Authors: ARIVAZHAGAN V. , SCHMITZ F.D. , VULLUM P.E. , VAN HELVOORT A.T.J. , HOLST B. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBeryl in different varieties (emerald, aquamarine, heliodor etc.) displays a wide range of colours that have fascinated humans throughout history. Beryl is a hexagonal cyclo‐silicate (ring‐silicate) with channels going through the crystal along the c‐axis. The channels are about 0.5 nm in diameter and can be occupied by water and alkali ions. Pure beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) is colourless (variety goshenite). The characteristic colours are believed to be mainly generated through substitutions with metal atoms in the lattice. Which atoms that are substituted is still debated it has been proposed that metal ions may also be enclosed in the channels and that this can also contribute to the crystal colouring. So far spectroscopy studies have not been able to fully answer this. Here we present the first experiments using atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope imaging (STEM) to investigate the channel occupation in beryl. We present images of a natural beryl crystal (variety heliodor) from the Bin Thuan Province in Vietnam. The channel occupation can be visualized. Based on the image contrast in combination with ex situ element analysis we suggest that some or all of the atoms that are visible in the channels are Fe ions.
Extended exome sequencing identifies BACH2 as a novel major risk locus for Addison's disease
Authors: Eriksson D. , Bianchi M. , Landegren N. , Nordin J. , Dalin F. , Mathioudaki A. , Eriksson G. N. , Hultin‐Rosenberg L. , Dahlqvist J. , Zetterqvist H. , Karlsson Å. , Hallgren Å. , Farias F. H. G. , Murén E. , Ahlgren K. M. , Lobell A. , Andersson G. , Tandre K. , Dahlqvist S. R. , Söderkvist P. , Rönnblom L. , Hulting A.‐L. , Wahlberg J. , Ekwall O. , Dahlqvist P. , Meadows J. R. S. , Bensing S. , Lindblad‐Toh K. , Kämpe O. , Pielberg G. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are targeted by destructive autoimmunity. Despite being the most common cause of primary adrenal failure, little is known about its aetiology.MethodsTo understand the genetic background of Addison's disease, we utilized the extensively characterized patients of the Swedish Addison Registry. We developed an extended exome capture array comprising a selected set of 1853 genes and their potential regulatory elements, for the purpose of sequencing 479 patients with Addison's disease and 1394 controls.ResultsWe identified BACH2 (rs62408233‐A, OR = 2.01 (1.71–2.37), P = 1.66 × 10−15, MAF 0.46/0.29 in cases/controls) as a novel gene associated with Addison's disease development. We also confirmed the previously known associations with the HLA complex.ConclusionWhilst BACH2 has been previously reported to associate with organ‐specific autoimmune diseases co‐inherited with Addison's disease, we have identified BACH2 as a major risk locus in Addison's disease, independent of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Our results may enable future research towards preventive disease treatment.
A comparison of sensory acceptance, purchase intention, and willingness to pay for Pirenaica beef from two different slaughter weight groups, under different consumer information scenarios
Authors: Beriain M. J. , Sánchez M. , Insausti K. , Sarries M. V. , Soret B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn experiment was conducted in which a sensory analysis was carried out together with a consumer attitude test to compare the acceptability of beef from animals slaughtered at 18 vs. 12 months, the latter being the type of beef most widely consumed in Spain. Consumers were grouped for three different information scenarios: (1) blind; (2) disclosure of information regarding slaughter weight plus rearing conditions; and (3) disclosure of full details of the beef production system. Meat from animals slaughtered at 18 months scored higher in consumer sensory ratings than meat from yearlings. The most influential socioeconomic variables were consumer age and gender. Additionally, quality‐conscious consumers showing higher purchase intention also showed higher willingness to pay (WTP) for extra quality. The difference in sensory ratings, however, was not reflected in higher intent to purchase or WTP a premium for meat from older animals.Practical applicationsA higher juiciness and flavor scores for the beef from Pirenaica bulls slaughtered at 18 months than for the yearling beef. It would be necessary to conduct a consumer willing to pay survey to determine a price premium for beef with a higher palatability.